FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Park, SS Alexander, MA Deser, C AF Park, Sungsu Alexander, Michael A. Deser, Clara TI The impact of cloud radiative feedback, remote ENSO forcing, and entrainment on the persistence of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTION; EL-NINO; SST ANOMALIES; TEMPORAL COHERENCE; GLOBAL OCEANS; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; WINTER; TELECONNECTIONS; REEMERGENCE AB The influence of cloud radiative feedback, remote ENSO heat flux forcing, and oceanic entrainment on persisting North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated using a stochastically forced ocean mixed layer model. The stochastic heat flux is estimated from an atmospheric general circulation model, the seasonally varying radiative feedback parameter and remote ENSO forcing are obtained from observations, and entrainment is derived from the observed mean seasonal cycle of ocean mixed layer depth. Persistence is examined via SST autocorrelations in the western, central, and subtropical eastern North Pacific and for the leading pattern of variability across the basin. The contribution of clouds, ENSO, and entrainment to SST persistence is evaluated by comparing simulations with and without each term. The SST autocorrelation structure in the model closely resembles nature: the pattern correlation between the two is 0.87-0.9 in the three regions and for the basinwide analyses, and 0.35-0.66 after subtracting an exponential function representing the background damping resulting from air-sea heat fluxes. Positive radiative feedback enhances SST autocorrelations (similar to 0.1-0.3) from late spring to summer in the central and western Pacific and from late summer to fall in the subtropical eastern Pacific. The influence of the remote ENSO forcing on SST autocorrelation varies with season and location with a maximum impact on the correlation magnitude of 0.2-0.3. The winter-to-winter recurrence of higher autocorrelations is caused by entrainment, which generally suppresses SST variability but returns thermal anomalies sequestered beneath the mixed layer in summer back to the surface in the following fall/winter. This reemergence mechanism enhances SST autocorrelation by similar to 0.3 at lags of 9-12 months from the previous winter in the western and central Pacific, but only slightly enhances autocorrelation (similar to 0.1) in the subtropical eastern Pacific. The impact of clouds, ENSO, and entrainment on the autocorrelation structure of the basinwide SST anomaly pattern is similar to that in the western region. ENSO's impact on the basinwide North Pacific SST autocorrelation in an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to an ocean mixed layer model with observed SSTs specified in the tropical Pacific is very similar to the results from the stochastic model developed here. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Park, SS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, ATG Bldg,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sungsu@atmos.washington.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 23 BP 6243 EP 6261 DI 10.1175/JCLI3957.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118IB UT WOS:000242934600020 ER PT J AU Soden, BJ Held, IM AF Soden, Brian J. Held, I. M. TI An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models (vol 19, pg 3354, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Soden, BJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bsoden@rsmas.miami.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 23 BP 6263 EP 6263 DI 10.1175/JCLI9028.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118IB UT WOS:000242934600021 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Biedenbach, G Edwards, EF AF Noren, Shawn R. Biedenbach, George Edwards, Elizabeth F. TI Ontogeny of swim performance and mechanics in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean; odontocete; dolphin; calf; ontogeny; swimming; performance; mechanics; kinematics; Tursiops truncatus ID BODY-SIZE; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; ENERGETIC COST; MAMMALS; SPEED; FISH; MUSCLE; HYDRODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS AB Morphological and physiological development impacts swimming performance throughout ontogeny. Our investigation of the ontogeny of swim performance (mean and maximum swim speed) and swim effort (stroke amplitude and tailbeat frequency) of independently swimming bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) demonstrated that swimming capabilities are extremely limited in calves. Mean and maximum swim speeds of 0 - 1-month-old calves were only 37% and 52% of that for adults, respectively, and levels similar to those of adults were not achieved until one year post-partum. Limitations in swim speed were associated with an inability to achieve mature thrusting capabilities, as stroke amplitude and distance covered per stroke remained significantly lower than adult levels during the first-year post-partum. Although calves were expected to require less thrusting power to propel their smaller bodies through water, size-specific stroke amplitudes of 0 - 3-month-olds (23 - 26% of body length) were smaller than those of dolphins >= 10 months post-partum(29 - 30% of body length). As a result, swim speed standardized by body length was significantly slower for 0 - 3-month-old dolphins compared with dolphins >= 10 months post-partum. These results suggest that other factors, such as underdeveloped physiology, act synergistically with small body size to limit independent swim performance in dolphins during ontogeny. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Dolphin Quest Hawaii, Waikoloa, HI 96738 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 209 IS 23 BP 4724 EP 4731 DI 10.1242/jeb.02566 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 106WP UT WOS:000242133000021 PM 17114405 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Ahrenholz, DW Smith, JW Manning, M Ryan, J AF Friedland, Kevin D. Ahrenholz, Dean W. Smith, Joseph W. Manning, Maureen Ryan, Julia TI Sieving functional morphology of the gill raker feeding apparatus of Atlantic menhaden SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS PISCES; BIOMASS SIZE SPECTRA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PARTICLE INGESTION; SWIMMING SPEED; GROWTH-RATE; ESTUARINE; JUVENILE; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Menhaden occupy an important position in estuarine food webs, thus the rate processes associated with their feeding are critical to the ecosystem management of fishery and ecological resources. Atlantic menhaden feed on a wide range of plankton, the size and food quality of which change ontogenetically. We analyzed the functional morphology of the menhaden feeding apparatus in a size series of menhaden representative of juveniles and the adult migratory stock. The physical dimensions of gill arches and rakers increased isometrically with fish length; however, branchiospinule spacing, the dimension that forms the sieve apertures of the branchial basket, scaled allometrically with fish length. Juvenile menhaden from North Carolina have branchiospinule spacings that averaged 12 mu m, with three arch subsections of average spacing < 10 mu m. Spacings did not increase with juvenile growth until the first allometric inflection point at approximately 100 mm fork length (FL). Spacing data for juveniles from other locations suggests spacing increases with latitude. Spacings increase with fish length in adults until a second inflection at 200 mm FL, after which spacing averages 37 mu m. These data suggest menhaden juveniles filter smaller plankton with higher filtration efficiency than previously considered and that regional recruitment may affect adult distribution through foraging preferences. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 12 BP 974 EP 985 DI 10.1002/jez.a.348 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 110SD UT WOS:000242398500002 PM 17041916 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Palof, K Kamin, L Kondzela, CM Heifetz, J AF Gharrett, A. J. Palof, K. Kamin, L. Kondzela, C. M. Heifetz, J. TI A preliminary look at geographic and cohort variation in the genetic structure of Alaskan Pacific ocean perch SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 SU C BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 123XD UT WOS:000243329400099 ER PT J AU Spies, IB Gaichas, S Stevenson, DE Orr, JW Canino, MF AF Spies, I. B. Gaichas, S. Stevenson, D. E. Orr, J. W. Canino, M. F. TI DNA-based identification of Alaska skates (Amblyraja, Bathyraja and Raja : Rajidae) using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coI) variation SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coI; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; DNA barcode; mitochondrial DNA; species identification; skates ID NORTH PACIFIC; LIFE; FISH; EVOLUTION; BARCODES; SHIFTS; SEA AB Variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt-COI) gene was examined in 15 species of North Pacific skates. Thirteen species had unique sequences, indicating that a DNA-based barcoding approach may be useful for species identification. Journal compilation (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Canino, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.canino@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 SU B BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01286.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 123XB UT WOS:000243329100010 ER PT J AU Rehtanz, M Ghim, SJ Rector, A Van Ranst, M Fair, PA Bossart, GD Jenson, AB AF Rehtanz, Manuela Ghim, Shin-je Rector, Annabel Van Ranst, Marc Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. Jenson, Alfred B. TI Isolation and characterization of the first American bottlenose dolphin papillomavirus: Tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; CELL-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION; E6 PROTEINS TARGET; IN-VIVO; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; DNA-REPLICATION; BINDING-SITES; E7 GENE; ENHANCER; E2 AB A novel papillomavirus (PV) was isolated from a genital condyloma of a free-ranging bottlenose dolphin inhabiting the coastal waters of Charleston Harbor, SC, USA: Tursiops truncatus papillonnavirus type 2 (TtPV2). This novel virus represents the first isolated North American cetacean PV and the first American bottlenose dolphin PV. After the viral genome was cloned, sequenced and characterized genetically, phylogenetic analyses revealed that TtPV2 is most similar to the only published cetacean PV isolated and characterized thus far, Phocoena spinipinnis PV type 1 (PsPV1). A striking feature of the genome of TtPV2, as well as that of PsPV1, is the lack of an E7 open reading frame, which typically encodes one of the oncogenic proteins believed to be responsible for malignant transformation in the high-risk mucosotropic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). TtPV2 E6 contains a PDZ-binding motif that has been shown to be involved in transformation in the case of high-risk genital HPVs. C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Univ Louisville, Lab Vaccinol, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louvain, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, Louvain, Belgium. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rehtanz, M (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM Manuela.Rehtanz@gmx.de OI Van Ranst, Marc/0000-0002-1674-4157 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 BP 3559 EP 3565 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82388-0 PN 12 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 111QJ UT WOS:000242468600011 PM 17098971 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Flint, AL AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Flint, Alan L. TI Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the western United States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE; CALIFORNIA; TERRAIN; SURFACE; RUNOFF AB Historic streamflow records show that the onset of snowfed streamflow in the western United States has shifted earlier over the past 50 yr, and March 2004 was one of the earliest onsets on record. Record high temperatures occurred throughout the western United States during the second week of March, and U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges throughout the area recorded early onsets of streamflow at this time. However, a set of nested subbasins in Yosemite National Park, California, told a more complicated story. In spite of high air temperatures, many streams draining high-elevation basins did not start flowing until later in the spring. Temperatures during early March 2004 were as high as temperatures in late March 2002, when streams at all of the monitored Yosemite basins began flowing at the same time. However, the March 2004 onset occurred before the spring equinox, when the sun was lower in the sky. Thus, shading and solar radiation differences played a much more important role in 2004, leading to differences in streamflow timing. These results suggest that as temperatures warm and spring melt shifts earlier in the season, topographic effects will play an even more important role than at present in determining snowmelt timing. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, 201 More Hall Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1217 DI 10.1175/JHM539.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125IU UT WOS:000243436400002 ER PT J AU Ray, SR Jones, AT AF Ray, S. R. Jones, A. T. TI Manufacturing interoperability SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE interoperability; standards; ontology; formal logic AB As manufacturing and commerce become ever more global, companies are dependent increasingly upon the efficient and effective sharing of information with their partners, wherever they may be. Leading manufacturers perform this sharing with computers, which must therefore have the required software to encode and decode the associated electronic transmissions. Because no single company can dictate that all its partners use the same software, standards for how the information is represented become critical for error-free transmission and translation. The terms interoperability and integration are frequently used to refer to this error-free transmission and translation. This paper summarizes two projects underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the areas of interoperability testing and integration automation. These projects lay the foundation for at tomorrow's standards, which we believe will rely heavily upon the use of formal logic representations, commonly called ontologies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ray, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ray@nist.gov OI Ray, Steven/0000-0003-2537-2436 NR 8 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0956-5515 J9 J INTELL MANUF JI J. Intell. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s10845-006-0037-x PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 109UX UT WOS:000242335600005 ER PT J AU Taketomi, S Drew, RV Shull, RD AF Taketomi, Susamu Drew, Rosetta V. Shull, Robert D. TI Peculiar magnetic aftereffect of highly diluted frozen magnetic fluids SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fluid; ferrofluid; magnetic aftereffect; micelle; monodispersed colloid; phase transition ID PARTICLE SYSTEM; BIREFRINGENCE; FERROFLUIDS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; MOMENTS AB A very stably dispersed magnetic fluid (mother MF) and its 1000-times diluted solution were independently zero-field-cooled from room temperature to 5 K followed by application of a magnetic field of 2.86 NIA/m for 300 s. After the field was removed (t = 0), its residual magnetization M was measured as a function of time t for 80 000 s. After measurement, the MF sample was heated to room temperature, and the experiment was repeated after cooling to 5 K and again applying and removing the 2.86 MA/m field. We performed the same experiment several times, and obtained a different M vs t curve each time. With each cycle, the average M increased and the M vs t curve converged to a universal curve. In the initial few cycles, the value of M is very small, fluctuates and surprisingly increases with t in some time region. These characteristics are common in both the mother MF and diluted MF. We consequently propose the following physical model. When the MF is cooled, the isolated surfactant molecules in the solvent trigger the generation of magnetic colloid micelles. In other words, there occurs a phase transition from the magnetic colloids' monodispersed phase to a micelle phase. The magnetic dipoles of the micelle's colloids make a closed magnetic flux loop. That is the origin of the anomalously small value of the residual magnetization in the early cycles. After a certain time elapses the micelles spontaneously break due to their residual stress, and a finite magnetic moment of the individual micelle develops. Consequently, M increases with t during this period. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taketomi, S (reprint author), Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co Ltd, Osaka 5810075, Japan. EM staketomi@hotmail.com RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 307 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.03.044 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 093CM UT WOS:000241144900009 ER PT J AU Cahn, JW Taylor, JE AF Cahn, John W. Taylor, Jean E. TI Metrics, measures, and parametrizations for grain boundaries: a dialog SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Brandon Symposium on Advanced Materials and Characterization held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; MISORIENTATION AB Analysis of experimental data on grain boundaries (GBs) can involve putting data into angle "bins.'' An example is Brandon's classification: if rotation angle and axis are each within 15 degrees/root Sigma of a perfect coincidence site lattice (CSL) with density 1/Sigma, the GBs can also be considered to be in that CSL relationship, and not if otherwise. Other examples of binning are studies of GB distributions in the full 5D angle space. To determine the size of a bin (necessary for densities, gradients, etc.) one must find a useful way, respecting symmetry, of determining metrics and measures on the full 5-dimensional space of both misorientation and interface normal. For a pair of low-angle GBs, the issue of metric is complicated by the fact that both their rotation axes and their GB normals can stay far apart as their rotation angles approach zero. We address all these issues as a dialog, and provide a framework for choosing metrics. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, JE (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM jtaylor@cims.nyu.edu NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 23 BP 7669 EP 7674 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0592-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116TL UT WOS:000242825100002 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Cahn, JW AF Bendersky, L. A. Cahn, J. W. TI Special grain boundaries based on local symmetries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Brandon Symposium on Advanced Materials and Characterization held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID QUASI-CRYSTAL; MULTIPLE TWINS; ALLOYS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PHASES; FEAL3 AB We propose that, in large unit cell structures, the operation of local symmetries rather than a coincidence site lattice (CSL), is important for the creation of special, low energy, grain and twin boundaries. We illustrate this with a Durer tiling, and its monoclinic realization, as well as with crystals with large icosahedral motifs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 223,A147, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leonid.bendersky@nist.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 23 BP 7683 EP 7690 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0625-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116TL UT WOS:000242825100004 ER PT J AU Benkstein, KD Martinez, CJ Li, GF Meier, DC Montgomery, CB Semancik, S AF Benkstein, Kurt D. Martinez, Carlos J. Li, Guofeng Meier, Douglas C. Montgomery, Christopher B. Semancik, Steve TI Integration of nanostructured materials with MEMS microhotplate platforms to enhance chemical sensor performance SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemical sensors; nanoparticles; metal oxides; conducting polymers; MEMS ID GAS SENSORS; TIN OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; METAL-OXIDES; SOLAR-CELLS; TIO2; NANOPARTICLE; TITANIUM; MODEL; DYE AB The development of miniaturized chemical sensors is an increasingly active area of research. Such devices, particularly when they feature low mass and low power budgets, can impact a broad range of applications including industrial process monitoring, building security and extraterrestrial exploration. Nanostructured materials, because of their high surface area, can provide critical enhancements in the performance of chemical microsensors. We have worked to integrate nanomaterial films with MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) microhotplate platforms developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in order to gain the benefits of both the materials and the platforms in high-performance chemical sensor arrays. Here, we describe our success in overcoming the challenges of integration and the benefits that we have achieved with regard to the critical sensor performance characteristics of sensor response, speed, stability and selectivity. Nanostructured metal oxide sensing films were locally deposited onto microhotplates via chemical vapor deposition and microcapillary pipetting, and conductive polymer nanoparticle films were deposited via electrophoretic patterning. All films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated as conductometric gas sensors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, R&D Ctr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 809 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-9019-8 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 109RS UT WOS:000242326900004 ER PT J AU Sohn, YH Campbell, C Morral, JE Sisson, RD AF Sohn, Yongho Campbell, Carelyn Morral, John E. Sisson, Richard D., Jr. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA USA. RP Sohn, YH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 558 EP 558 DI 10.1361/154770306X153558 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 111RF UT WOS:000242471200001 ER PT J AU Saloman, EB AF Saloman, E. B. TI Wavelengths, energy level classifications, and energy levels for the spectrum of neutral mercury SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE atomic energy levels; atomic spectra; atomic wavelengths; atomic wave numbers; energy level classifications; infrared wavelengths; mercury; ultraviolet wavelengths; wavelength standards ID LASER OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; ARC SPECTRUM; RYDBERG STATES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ATOMIC MERCURY; SERIES SYSTEM; LANDE FACTOR; HG-I AB A comprehensive critically evaluated compilation of the most accurate wavelength measurements for classified lines of neutral mercury (Hg I) for both the single isotope Hg-198 and for mercury in its natural isotopic abundance has been prepared. Data from 12 sources spanning the region from 1849 to 40 050 A are included for Hg-198. Data from 39 sources spanning the region from 745 to 64 918 A are included for the natural isotope mixture. Based on these line lists we have derived optimized values for the energy levels of neutral mercury for both Hg-198 and the natural isotopic mixture. Tabular data for 105 classified lines and 60 energy levels are provided for Hg-198 and 658 lines and 275 energy levels are provided for the natural isotopic mixture. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saloman, EB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.saloman@nist.gov NR 103 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1519 EP 1548 DI 10.1063/1.2204960 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116TU UT WOS:000242826800003 ER PT J AU Xiang, HW Laesecke, A Huber, ML AF Xiang, Hong Wei Laesecke, Arno Huber, Marcia L. TI A new reference correlation for the viscosity of methanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE Chapman-Enskog theory; collision integral; hard-sphere diameter; high pressure; Lennard-Jones potential; methanol; polarity; Rainwater-Friend theory; Stockmayer potential; third viscosity virial coefficient; transport properties; viscosity ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; INITIAL DENSITY DEPENDENCE; HIGH-PRESSURE VISCOSITY; MODERATELY HIGH-PRESSURES; ALCOHOL-WATER MIXTURES; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMIC VISCOSITY AB A new reference-quality correlation for the viscosity of methanol is presented that is valid over the entire fluid region, including vapor, liquid, and metastable phases. To describe the zero-density viscosity with kinetic theory for polar gases, a new expression for the collision integral of the Stockmayer potential is introduced. The initial density dependence is based on the Rainwater-Friend theory. A new correlation for the third viscosity virial coefficient is developed from experimental data and applied to methanol. The high-density contribution to the viscosity is based on the Chapman-Enskog theory and includes a new expression for the hard-sphere diameter that is a function of both temperature and density. The resulting correlation is applicable for temperatures from the triple point to 630 K at pressures up to 8 GPa. The estimated uncertainty of the resulting correlation (with a coverage factor of 2) varies from 0.6% in the dilute-gas phase between room temperature and 630 K, to less than 2% for the liquid phase at pressures up to 30 MPa at temperatures between 273 and 343 K, 3% for pressures from 30 to 100 MPa, 5% for the liquid from 100 to 500 MPa, and 10% between 500 MPa and 4 GPa. At very high pressures, from 4 to 8 GPa, the correlation has an estimated uncertainty of 30% and can be used to indicate qualitative behavior. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@NIST.gov NR 147 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1597 EP 1620 DI 10.1063/1.2360605 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116TU UT WOS:000242826800006 ER PT J AU Fuhr, JR Wiese, WL AF Fuhr, J. R. Wiese, W. L. TI A critical compilation of atomic transition probabilities for neutral and singly ionized iron SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE allowed and forbidden transitions; atomic transition probabilities; f values; line strengths; neutral iron; oscillator strengths; singly ionized iron; stage of ionization ID RELATIVE OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; FE-I TRANSITIONS; FERRUM PROJECT; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; LASER EXCITATION; FORBIDDEN LINES; MULTIPLET; ACCURACY AB We have carried out a new, expanded tabulation of the atomic transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden lines of Fe I and Fe II, based on the critical evaluation of all available literature sources. The compiled data are taken mainly from recent experimental and theoretical results that became available after the publication of our first compilation in 1988. The data are arranged in multiplet format and are ordered according to increasing excitation energies. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuhr, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fuhr@nist.gov NR 49 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1669 EP 1809 DI 10.1063/1.2218876 PG 141 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116TU UT WOS:000242826800009 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, CL Pikanowski, R Mcmillan, DG AF Mackenzie, Clyde L., Jr. Pikanowski, Robert Mcmillan, Donald G. TI Ampelisca amphipod tube mats may enhance abundance of northern quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria in muddy sediments SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercenaria; Ampelisca; habitat; pellets; sand; tube mats; predators ID ZOOPLANKTON FECAL PELLETS; COMMUNITY; CLAM; SETTLEMENT; PREDATION; ABDITA; SEA; BAY; ORGANISMS; PATTERNS AB Field surveys in southeastern Raritan Bay and laboratory studies from 1999 to 2005 were conducted to compare the characteristics of mud and sand habitats in relation to the abundance of the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). In 2000, the population density of quahogs was about 15 times higher in the mud habitat than in the sand habitat. In addition, the mud habitat also had a dense population of the amphipod Ampelisca abdita (about 24,000 m(-2)) associated with it. This species produces mats of tubes over the bottom. The sediment surface of the mud was comprised mostly of fecal pellets, the majority of which was produced by A. abdita. In contrast, the sand habitat did not have A. abdita tubes or much erect surface structure; its sediments were comprised of medium grain sand (phi = 1.17-1.4). In southeastern Raritan Bay, the principal quahog predators are the longwrist hermit crab (Pagurus longicarpus), Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and xanthid mud crabs. Collectively, they were > 7 times more abundant in the sand habitat than in the mud habitat. We suggest that quahogs are abundant in the mud habitat because the presence of the tube mats probably reduces water siltation, encourages settlement of larval quahogs and deters predation on the quahogs. C1 NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Mackenzie, CL (reprint author), NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Clyde.Mackenzie@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 841 EP 847 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116YM UT WOS:000242839700006 ER PT J AU Chigbu, P Strange, T Gordon, S Jester, K Baham, J Young, J Hughes, R Remata, R Martinolich, K Hilbert, K Mott, DK Watts, M McIntosh, M AF Chigbu, Paulinus Strange, Thomas Gordon, Scott Jester, Keith Baham, Julius Young, John Hughes, Robert Remata, Reddy Martinolich, Kathy Hilbert, Kent Mott, Darius K. Watts, Monesa McIntosh, Michael TI A decision support tool for shellfish management in Mississippi Sound SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oyster management; Mississippi Sound; river stage; precipitation; GIS data layers ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PERKINSUS-MARINUS DISEASE; MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT; AMERICAN OYSTER; GIS; POPULATION; ESTUARY; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS AB The Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is an economically important fisheries resource along the US Gulf Coast and the eastern seaboard. In the past few years, Mississippi has ranked second in the country in shellfish production, harvesting an average of 350,000 sacks (similar to 15.8 million kg of oysters) per year. A GIS-based decision support tool was developed to aid the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources in managing shellfish in the state. The tool was designed using the ESRI ArcGis 8.3 Arcview software, which enabled us to integrate GIS data layers (e.g., oyster reef sites) with a program that automatically obtains Pearl River stage (gage height) and rainfall amount data from the USGS and NOAA websites, respectively. The program then compares the data with established area-specific standards and makes recommendations to the shellfish manager on the area(s) that should be closed or opened. The decision support tool is the first tool developed for shellfish management in the US Gulf Coast area. Although it was developed for use in Mississippi, it can be modified for use in other states. It simplifies the shellfish management process and maintains a database of the water quality data and the management actions that have been taken, thereby facilitating data analyses and preparation of reports. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Sci Program, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Veridian Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Mississippi Dept Marine Resources, Biloxi, MS 39530 USA. Jackson State Univ, Trent Lott Geospatial Visualizat & Res Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys Atmospher & Gen Sci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Chigbu, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Carver Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM pchigbu@umes.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1091 EP 1099 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116YM UT WOS:000242839700040 ER PT J AU Lufaso, MW Vanderah, TA Pazos, IM Levin, I Roth, RS Nino, JC Provenzano, V Schenck, PK AF Lufaso, Michael W. Vanderah, Terrell A. Pazos, Ileana M. Levin, Igor Roth, Robert S. Nino, Juan C. Provenzano, Virgil Schenck, Peter K. TI Phase formation, crystal chemistry, and properties in the system Bi2O3-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bi2O3-Fe2O3-Nb2O5; phase equilibria; phase diagram; pyrochlore; displacive disorder; bismuth iron niobates; Bi-Fe-Nb-O; dielectric properties; magnetic properties ID BI2O3-NB2O5 SOLID-SOLUTION; TRANSITION-METALS; CUBIC PYROCHLORE; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH SESQUIOXIDE; BIFEO3; OXIDES; BI2O3; IRON AB Subsolidus phase relations have been determined for the Bi2O3-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 system in air (900-1075 degrees C). Three new ternary phases were observed-Bi3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9 with an Aurivillius-type structure, and two phases with approximate stoichiometries Bi17FeNb31O106 and Bi17Fe3Nb30O105 that appear to be structurally related to Bi8Nb18O57. The fourth ternary phase found in this system is pyrochlore (A(2)B(2)O(6)O'), which forms an extensive solid solution region at Bi-deficient stoichiometries (relative to Bi2FeNbO7) suggesting that approximate to 4-15% of the A-sites are occupied by Fe3+. X-ray powder diffraction data confirmed that all Bi-Fe-Nb-O pyrochlores form with positional displacements, as found for analogous pyrochlores with Zn, Mn, or Co instead of Fe. A structural refinement of the pyrochlore 0.4400:0.2700:0.2900 Bi2O3:Fe2O3:Nb2O5 using neutron powder diffraction data is reported with the A cations displaced (0.43 angstrom) to 96g sites and O' displaced (0.29 angstrom) to 32e sites (Bi1.721Fe0.190(Fe0.866Nb1.134)O-7, Fd (3) over barm (#227), a = 10.508(1) angstrom). This displacive model is somewhat different from that reported for Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92, which exhibits twice the concentration of small B-type cations on the A-sites as the Fe system. Bi-Fe-Nb-O pyrochlores exhibited overall paramagnetic behavior with large negative Curie-Weiss temperature intercepts, slight superparamagnetic effects, and depressed observed moments compared to high-spin, spin-only values. The single-phase pyrochlore with composition Bi1.657Fe1.092Nb1.150O7 exhibited low-temperature dielectric relaxation similar to that observed for Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92; at 1 MHz and 200 K the relative permittivity was 125, and above 350 K conductive effects were observed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ N Florida, Dept Chem & Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Vanderah, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrell.vanderah@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Lufaso, Michael/A-8400-2009; Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Lufaso, Michael/0000-0001-7842-6982; Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 NR 69 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 179 IS 12 BP 3900 EP 3910 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.08.036 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 116FI UT WOS:000242787500039 ER PT J AU Sengers, JMHL AF Sengers, Johanna M. H. Levelt TI Gas-gas equilibria - From Van der Waals to Ulrich Franck SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Review DE aqueous mixtures; barotropy; high pressure; high temperature; history; mixture phase behavior; supercritical immiscibility; Van der Waals mixtures ID PRESSURE PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BINARY FLUID MIXTURES; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; NORMAL SUBSTANCES; PVT-DATA; SYSTEM; LINES; CURVES; 673-K AB The experimental work of Ulrich Franck and his collaborators on phase separation in binary aqueous mixtures of gases at high pressures and temperatures is summarized and placed against the background of the school of Van der Waals, Van Laar and Kamerlingh Onnes in The Netherlands, who performed the first theoretical and experimental studies of such systems around 1900. They discovered and explained critical curves that run. to high pressure, as well as gas-gas phase separation and barotropy. The Dutch School demonstrated that a Van der Waals model with weak mutual attraction between the two components readily produces these types of phase behavior. Likewise, Franck and Heilig's modern molecular-based model represents semi-quantitatively, and with few adjustable parameters, the large variety of supercritical aqueous mixtures studied by Franck and coworkers in the second half of the 20th century. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sengers, JMHL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.sengers@nist.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.04.007 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 109RT UT WOS:000242327000002 ER PT J AU Touma, JS Cox, WM Tikvart, JA AF Touma, Jawad S. Cox, William M. Tikvart, Joseph A. TI Spatial and temporal variability of ambient air toxics data SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTANTS; PM10-2.5; TRENDS; PM2.5 AB This paper summarizes information on the spatial and temporal variability of selected air toxics pollutants collected on a national basis primarily for a period encompassing 1990-2003. Spatial information on pollutant concentrations is characterized in terms of within-city and between-city variability. Temporal information is summarized as diurnal and seasonal variability and in multiyear trends. The information on variability is presented in the framework of a larger need for systematic documentation of information on air toxics pollutants to assess progress in air pollution control programs. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Touma, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Touma.Joe@epa.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1716 EP 1725 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115VS UT WOS:000242762500009 PM 17195490 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Montgomery, MT Davidson, NE AF Tory, K. J. Montgomery, M. T. Davidson, N. E. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part 1: The critical role of vortex enhancement in deep convection SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; GENESIS; MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPRESSION; EVOLUTION; MONSOON; TCM-93; WAVES; STORM AB This is the first of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS), an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast model. The primary TC-LAPS vortex enhancement mechanism is presented in Part I, the entire genesis process is illustrated in Part II using a single TC-LAPS simulation, and in Part III a number of simulations are presented exploring the sensitivity and variability of genesis forecasts in TC-LAPS. The primary vortex enhancement mechanism in TC-LAPS is found to be convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity in deep intense updrafts, which result in deep vortex cores of 60-100 km in diameter (the minimum resolvable scale is limited by the 0.15 degrees horizontal grid spacing). On the basis of the results presented, it is hypothesized that updrafts of this scale adequately represent mean vertical motions in real TC genesis convective regions, and perhaps that explicitly resolving the individual convective processes may not be necessary for qualitative TC genesis forecasts. Although observations of sufficient spatial and temporal resolution do not currently exist to support or refute this proposition, relatively large-scale (30 km and greater), lower- to midlevel tropospheric convergent regions have been observed in tropical oceanic environments during the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), the Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment (EMEX), and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE), and regions of extreme convection of the order of 50 km are often (remotely) observed in TC genesis environments. These vortex cores are fundamental for genesis in TC-LAPS. They interact to form larger cores, and provide net heating that drives the system-scale secondary circulation, which enhances vorticity on the system scale akin to the classical Eliassen problem of a balanced vortex driven by heat sources. These secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms are documented in Part II. In some recent TC genesis theories featured in the literature, vortex enhancement in deep convective regions of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) has largely been ignored. Instead, they focus on the stratiform regions. While it is recognized that vortex enhancement through midlevel convergence into the stratiform precipitation deck can greatly enhance midtropospheric cyclonic vorticity, it is suggested here that this mechanism only increases the potential for genesis, whereas vortex enhancement through low- to midlevel convergence into deep convective regions is necessary for genesis. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.gov.au NR 37 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3077 EP 3090 DI 10.1175/JAS3764.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 121CN UT WOS:000243135800001 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Montgomery, MT Davidson, NE Kepert, JD AF Tory, K. J. Montgomery, M. T. Davidson, N. E. Kepert, J. D. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part II: A diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Chris formation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY WAVES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; MONSOON; GENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; MODEL; STORM AB This is the second of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS). The primary TC-LAPS vortex enhancement mechanism (convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity in convective updraft regions) was presented in Part I. In this paper (Part II) results from a numerical simulation of TC Chris (western Australia, February 2002) are used to illustrate the primary and two secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms that led to TC genesis. In Part III a number of simulations are presented exploring the sensitivity and variability of genesis forecasts in TC-LAPS. During the first 18 h of the simulation, a mature vortex of TC intensity developed in a monsoon low from a relatively benign initial state. Deep upright vortex cores developed from convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity within the updrafts of intense bursts of cumulus convection. Individual convective bursts lasted for 6-12 h, with a new burst developing as the previous one weakened. The modeled bursts appear as single updrafts, and represent the mean vertical motion in convective regions because the 0.15 degrees grid spacing imposes a minimum updraft scale of about 60 km. This relatively large scale may be unrealistic in the earlier genesis period when multiple smaller-scale, shorter-tived convective regions are often observed, but observational evidence suggests that such scales can be expected later in the process. The large scale may limit the convection to only one or two active bursts at a time, and may have contributed to a more rapid model intensification than that observed. The monsoon low was tilted to the northwest, with convection initiating about 100-200 km west of the low-level center. The convective bursts and associated upright potential vorticity (PV) anomalies were advected cyclonically around the low, weakening as they passed to the north of the circulation center, leaving remnant cyclonic PV anomalies. Strong convergence into the updrafts led to rapid ingestion of nearby cyclonic PV anomalies, including remnant PV cores from decaying convective bursts. Thus convective intensity, rather than the initial vortex size and intensity, determined dominance in vortex interactions. This scavenging of PV by the active convective region, termed diabatic upscale vortex cascade, ensured that PV cores grew successively and contributed to the construction of an upright central monolithic PV core. The system-scale intensification (SSI) process active on the broader scale (300-500-km radius) also contributed. Latent heating slightly dominated adiabatic cooling within the bursts, which enhanced the system-scale secondary circulation. Convergence of low- to midlevel tropospheric absolute vorticity by this enhanced circulation intensified the system-scale vortex. The diabatic upscale vortex cascade and SSI are secondary processes dependent on the locally enhanced vorticity and heat respectively, generated by the primary mechanism. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.gov.au RI Kepert, Jeffrey/I-6786-2013 OI Kepert, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6771-0769 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3091 EP 3113 DI 10.1175/JAS3765.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 121CN UT WOS:000243135800002 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong TI Advanced doubling-adding method for radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; TRANSFER MODEL; PART I; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; POLARIZED LIGHT; APPROXIMATION; ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL; CLOUDS AB The doubling-adding method (DA) is one of the most accurate tools for detailed multiple-scattering calculations. The principle of the method goes back to the nineteenth century in a problem dealing with reflection and transmission by glass plates. Since then the doubling-adding method has been widely used as a reference tool for other radiative transfer models. The method has never been used in operational applications owing to tremendous demand on computational resources from the model. This study derives an analytical expression replacing the most complicated thermal source terms in the doubling-adding method. The new development is called the advanced doubling-adding (ADA) method. Thanks also to the efficiency of matrix and vector manipulations in FORTRAN 90/95, the advanced doubling-adding method is about 60 times faster than the doubling-adding method. The radiance (i.e., forward) computation code of ADA is easily translated into tangent linear and adjoint codes for radiance gradient calculations. The simplicity in forward and Jacobian computation codes is very useful for operational applications and for the consistency between the forward and adjoint calculations in satellite data assimilation. ADA is implemented into the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) developed at the U.S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Sensor Phys Branch, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Room 703,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 31 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3459 EP 3465 DI 10.1175/JAS3808.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 121CN UT WOS:000243135800021 ER PT J AU Browdy, C Seaborn, G Atwood, H Davis, DA Bullis, RA Samocha, TM Wirth, E Leffler, JW AF Browdy, Craig Seaborn, Gloria Atwood, Heidi Davis, D. Allen Bullis, Robert A. Samocha, Tzachi M. Wirth, Ed Leffler, John W. TI Comparison of pond production efficiency, fatty acid profiles, and contaminants in Litopenaeus vannamei fed organic plant-based and fish-meal-based diets SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PENAEUS-SETIFERUS; SHRIMP; GROWTH; CONSUMPTION; SHELLFISH; SALMON; PRAWN; WATER; RISK AB Reduction or elimination of fish meal and fish oil from aquaculture diets can help to reduce the potential for contamination and dependence of the industry on pelagic fisheries while improving economic competitiveness. However, fish oil provides important omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) essential to shrimp health and beneficial to humans. This study evaluated an organic, plant-based diet formulated to replace fish meal and fish oil with plant proteins and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) produced by algal fermentation. Shrimp cultured in replicate outdoor ponds at 25/m(2) were fed either a diet composed of organically produced plant ingredients or a conventional commercial fish-meal-based feed. No significant differences were found in production parameters between the conventional fish-meal-based diet and the plant-based diet (production: 4594 and 4592 kg/ha; harvest size: 18.7 and 19.2 g; survival: 93 and 88%; and feed conversion ratio: 1.4 and 1.3, respectively). At harvest, shrimp were analyzed for 147 chemical contaminants and 71 FAs. Contaminant levels were negligible for shrimp raised on both diets. The fish meal and fish oil diet provided significantly higher quantities of eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA than the plant-based diet, and the shrimp fed the conventional diet reflected this with higher levels of these beneficial FAs in edible tissues. Differences between feeds and shrimp tissues suggest that essential n-3 FAs may accumulate in shrimp tissues over time or that natural pond productivity may play a role in providing supplemental nutrition. Shrimp raised on the two diets and wild-caught shrimp are clearly distinguishable by their FA profiles. Compared to alternative protein sources like beef, pork, or chicken, differences in lipid profiles of shrimp raised on either diet may be insignificant because both offer increased human health benefits. C1 Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Shrimp Mariculture Res Facil, Corpus Christi, TX 78418 USA. Adv BioNutr Corp, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Waddell Mariculture Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bluffton, SC 29910 USA. Ctr Coastal Envrionm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Leffler, JW (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 437 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00057.x PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108JK UT WOS:000242235900011 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laake, J McLoughlin, PD Cluff, HD Messier, F AF Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeff McLoughlin, Philip D. Cluff, H. Dean Messier, Francois TI Demographic parameters and harvest-explicit population viability analysis for polar bears in M'Clintock Channel, Nunavut, Canada SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; harvest; mark-recapture; polar bear; population viability analysis; program MAPK; recruitment; survival; Ursus maritimus ID URSUS-MARITIMUS; ABUNDANCE; SOUND AB Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) numbers in M'Clintock Channel, Nunavut, Canada have decreased significantly since 1972. We used mark-recapture and recovery data collected from 348 marked polar bears from 1972 to 2000 to estimate demographic characteristics and harvest risks of the M'Clintock Channel polar bear population. Total (harvested) survival rates (+/- 1 SE) from mark-recapture analysis were: 0.62 (+/- 0.15) for cubs of the year, 0.90 (+/- 0.04) for subadults (ages 1-4yr), 0.90 (+/- 0.04) for adult (age >= 5yr) females, and 0.88 (+/- 0.04)for adult males. Mean litter size was 1.68 +/- 0.15 cubs with a mean reproductive interval of 2.8 +/- 0.2 years. By 6 years of age, on average 0.29 +/- 0.47 females were producing litters; mean litter production rate for females aged > 6 years was 0.93 +/- 0.33. We estimated total abundance to average 284 +/- 59.3 bears, of which 166.9 +/- 35.4 individuals were female and 117.2 +/- 26.4 were male. We incorporated our standing age and mark-recapture demographic parameters as input into a harvest risk analysis designed to account for demographic, environmental, and sampling uncertainty. Population growth rate was 0.946 +/- 0.038 for the period 1993-1999. A harvest quota not exceeding 3 bears/year is required if the population is to increase in the short term. Slightly higher quota options are available if increased risk and recovery times are accepted by stakeholders. C1 Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. EM mcloughlin@sask.usask.ca NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1673 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1667:DPAHPV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100020 ER PT J AU Karpanty, SM Fraser, JD Berkson, J Niles, LJ Dey, A Smith, EP AF Karpanty, Sarah M. Fraser, James D. Berkson, Jim Niles, Lawrence J. Dey, Amanda Smith, Eric P. TI Horseshoe crab eggs determine red knot distribution in Delaware Bay SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus rufa; conservation; Delaware Bay; habitat selection; horseshoe crab; Limulus polyphemus; migration; red knots; shorebirds; stopover ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; SHOREBIRDS; MIGRATION AB A decline in red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) has been attributed to horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) egg shortages on the Delaware Bay, an important foraging area for migrating knots. We studied the movements and distribution of 65 radiotagged red knots on Delaware Bay from May to June 2004 and related movements to the distribution and abundance of horseshoe crab eggs and other prey and to other habitat characteristics. The number of horseshoe crab eggs was the most important factor determining the use of Delaware Bay beaches by red knots (logistic regression cumulative Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size [AIC(c)] w = 0.99). The knots shifted from emergent marsh and peat-beaches to sandy Delaware Bay beach when crab eggs became abundant, which also suggested the importance of crab eggs. While red knots used sandy beach zones more than expected, given their availability, 44% of red knot low tide locations were in bay and coastal emergent marsh. The abundance of Donax variabilis (AIC(c) w = 0.95) and Mytilus edulis (AIC(c) w = 0.94) spat, both food for red knots, had a relationship with red knot use of sandy beaches. Levels of disturbance and the abundance of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) also were important factors in red knot sandy beach use, although secondary to prey resources (AIC(c) w < 0.4). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abundance of horseshoe crab eggs on sandy beaches is driving movement and distribution of red knots and that there is little alternative food during the migratory stopover in Delaware Bay. Our findings that red knots disproportionately use Delaware Bay sites with abundant eggs and that there is a lack of surplus eggs at areas used and unused by red knots support the continuation of management for sustained yield of horseshoe crabs and other food resources at this stopover. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Karpanty, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM karpanty@vt.edu RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1704 EP 1710 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1704:HCEDRK]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100025 ER PT J AU Zeppelin, TK Ream, RR AF Zeppelin, T. K. Ream, R. R. TI Foraging habitats based on the diet of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE northern fur seal; Callorhinus ursinus; diet; foraging; Pribilof Islands; resource partitioning ID BERING-SEA; SKELETAL STRUCTURES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; FECAL SAMPLES; DIGESTION; OTOLITHS; BEAKS AB Scats (fecal samples) collected between 1987 and 2000 on northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus rookeries of St Paul (n=2968) and St George Islands (n=1203), Alaska, were used to examine the relationship between breeding sites and food habits of adult female seals. On the basis of the frequency of occurrence (FO) and per cent minimum number of individual prey (%MNI) in scats, juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma and gonatid squid Gonatopsis borealis/Berryteuthis magister and Gonatus madokai/Gonatus middendorffi were the dominant prey species consumed overall. Other primary prey (FO > 5%) included Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapteus, Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, northern smoothtongue Leuroglossus schmidti, Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and other squid of the Gonatus genus. We identified five rookery complexes from a cluster analysis of the FO of primary prey in scats. Rookery complexes were separated geographically and each was further defined by characteristic patterns in the representation of prey types typically associated with specific hydrographic domains. Diet differences were observed among rookeries on the north and south side of St George Island and on the east, south and south-west side of St Paul Island. The rookery clusters observed in this study provide evidence of resource partitioning among adult female northern fur seals and have important implications for fur seal conservation and management. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zeppelin, TK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Tonya.Zeppelin@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 270 IS 4 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7988.2006.00122.x PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 105FV UT WOS:000242016700003 ER PT J AU Davidson, M Malone, TC AF Davidson, Margaret Malone, Thomas C. TI Living on the edge - Foreword SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Ocean US Off Integrated & Sustained Ocen Observat, Arlington, VA USA. RP Davidson, M (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400001 ER PT J AU Erickson, M Scholz, P Toepfer, F Colton, M AF Erickson, Mary Scholz, Paul Toepfer, Fred Colton, Marie TI The community modeling approach SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Erickson, M (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400009 ER PT J AU Pietrafesa, LJ Kelleher, K Karl, T Davidson, M Peng, M Bao, S Dickey, D Xie, L Liu, H Xia, M AF Pietrafesa, L. J. Kelleher, K. Karl, T. Davidson, M. Peng, M. Bao, S. Dickey, D. Xie, L. Liu, H. Xia, M. TI A new architecture for coastal inundation and flood warning prediction SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PAMLICO ESTUARY SYSTEM; STORM-SURGE; MODEL; WIND AB The marine atmosphere, coastal ocean, estuary, harbor and river water systems constitute a physically coupled system. While these systems have always been heavily impacted by coastal storms, increases in population density, infrastructure, and personal and business merchandise have exacerbated the economic and personal impacts of these events over the past half century. As such there has been increased focus on the need for more timely and accurate forecasts of impending events. Traditionally model forecast architectures for coastal storm surge, flooding and inundation of coastal and inland areas have taken the approach of dealing with each system separately: rivers, estuaries, harbors and offshore facing areas. However, given advances in coupled modeling and the availability of real-time data, the ability to accurately predict and project coastal, estuary and inland flooding related to the passage of high energy and wet atmospheric events is rapidly emerging and requires a new paradigm in system architecture. No longer do monthly averaged winds or river discharge or water levels have to be invoked in developing hindcasts for planning purposes or for real-time forecasts. In 1999 a hurricane associated flood on the North Carolina coast took 56 lives and caused more than $6 billion in economic impacts. None of the models existing at that time were able to properly forecast the massive flooding and clearly called for a new model paradigm. Here we propose a model system that couples atmospheric information to fully three dimensional, non-linear time dependent ocean basin, coastal and estuary hydrodynamic models coupled to interactive river models with input of real or modeled winds, observed or modeled precipitation, measured and modeled water levels, and streamflow. The river and estuarine components must both be capable of going into modes of storage or accelerated discharge. Spatial scales must downscale in the horizontal from thousands to tens meters and in the vertical from hundreds to several centimeters. Topography and elevation data should be of the highest resolution available, necessary for highly accurate predictions of the timing and location of the inundation and retreat of flood waters. Precipitation information must be derived from the optimal mix of direct radar, satellite and ground-based observations. Creating the capability described above will advance the modernization of hydrologic services provided by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration and provide more accurate and timely forecasts and climatologies of coastal and estuary flooding. The goal of these climatologies and improved forecasts is to provide better information to local and regional planners, emergency managers, highway patrols and to improve the capacity of coastal communities to mitigate against the impacts of coastal flooding. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Environm & Space Data Informat Serv, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pietrafesa, LJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400010 ER PT J AU Gill, SK Aikman, F AF Gill, Stephen K. Aikman, Frank, III TI Oceanographic models as a tool for data integration SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of the term "integration" in the oceanographic world is now ingrained in governmental infrastructure for strategic planning and program implementation. Indeed the National Office for Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observations, Ocean.US, was formed in recognition of the requirements of an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS, Malone and Hemsley, this volume). The topic of this contribution is more narrowly focussed on improving models through data integration in the larger context of how models are applied and how they interplay with observations. The report from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy provides this context, along with conceptual planning documents for the various subsystems of IOOS developed by Ocean. U.S. Within NOAA, specific guidance on data integration is found in various program planning documents such as the NOAA Annual Guidance Memorandum. The NOAA Storm Surge Partnership Project is an excellent example of a program that is built on the requirement to integrate activities across NOAA. academia, and stakeholders and has a nested data integration activity. Outside of NOAA, but within the IOOS umbrella structure, several regional observing system entities are developing their own tailored data integration activities. Finally, there are a significant number of research activities that are focusing on various assimilation and integration techniques, both for improving and expanding model applications and for optimizing the design of the observing systems themselves. We focus here on current coastal modeling and data integration activities to link existing work to the IOOS construct and goals and to discuss limitations and areas needing improvement. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, NOAA, Rockville, MD USA. RP Gill, SK (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400011 ER PT J AU Bernard, E Titov, V AF Bernard, Eddie Titov, Vasily TI Improving tsunami forecast skill using deep ocean observations SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RUNUP AB Tsunamis are an ever-present threat to lives and property along the coasts of most of the world's oceans. The sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, which killed over 230,000 people, compels us to be more proactive in developing ways to reduce tsunami impact on our global society. Since 1997, the United States has used a joint state/federal partnership to reduce tsunami hazards along US coastlines - the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. By integrating hazard assessment, warning guidance and mitigation activities, the program has created a roadmap and a set of tools to make communities more resilient to local and distant tsunamis. Among the tools are forecasting, educational programs, and design guidance for communities to become tsunami resilient. This article focuses on the technology required to produce accurate, reliable tsunami forecasts. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Bernard, E (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 146YK UT WOS:000244970400012 ER PT J AU Voskoboynik, P Joos, RD Doherty, WE Goldfarb, RB AF Voskoboynik, Pavel Joos, Ronald D. Doherty, W. E., Jr. Goldfarb, Ron B. TI Low magnetic moment PIN diodes for high field MRI surface coils SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diode packaging; image artifacts; magnetic moment; magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic susceptibility; positive-intrinsic-negative diodes AB Positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) silicon diodes are commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils to perform active or passive blocking and detuning, or to disable circuit functions. However, diode packages with large magnetic moments are known to cause image artifacts in high field MRI systems. In this study, diode packages with low magnetic moment were designed by compensating components of ferromagnetic nickel and paramagnetic tungsten with diamagnetic silver. The new diodes have an initial positive susceptibility up to fields of 1 T and a negative susceptibility from 1 to 7 T. Their magnetic moments are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those of standard diodes; moments as small as 20 nJ/T at 7 T were achieved. (c) 2006 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Microsemi Corp, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voskoboynik, P (reprint author), Microsemi Corp, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 4499 EP 4501 DI 10.1118/1.2372216 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 121DF UT WOS:000243137600006 PM 17278801 ER PT J AU Foecke, T Gnaeupel-Herold, T AF Foecke, T. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. TI Robustness of the sheet metal springback cup test SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB The robustness of a proposed test for elastic springback characterization of sheet metal has been examined using a matrix of defined experimental errors. A series of flat bottom deep drawn cups made from AISI 1010 steel sheet were examined. It was found that misalignment of the blank over the forming tool and error in the vertical location where the springback ring was cut from the cup sidewall had the largest effect on the resulting springback opening. Other experimental errors involving cup height and ring width were found to be less important. The effect of in-plane anisotropy of mechanical properties on springback was negligible. The results are examined in terms of measured through thickness residual stresses and elastic bending of beams with circumferential thickness gradients. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Techol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Techol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tfoecke@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37A IS 12 BP 3503 EP 3510 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1045-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117XZ UT WOS:000242907900018 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, N. G., Jr. Larson, D. R. TI Impulse spectrum amplitude uncertainty analysis SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; TIME; JITTER AB A detailed uncertainty analysis for an impulse spectrum amplitude (ISA) measurement system is presented. This analysis includes consideration of effects such as temperature, computation algorithms, history of instrument performance, equipment limitations and estimates of the response characteristics of the instrument. With the completion of this work, our published uncertainties have been reduced from +/- 0.5 dB to less than +/- 0.1 dB for the parameter of ISA. C1 Technol Adm, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol,Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), Technol Adm, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol,Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/001 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 112HN UT WOS:000242516600009 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Iyer, Hari K. TI Uncertainty analysis for vector measurands using fiducial inference SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a method for constructing uncertainty regions for a vector measurand in the presence of both type-A and type-B errors. The method is based on the principle of fiducial inference and generally requires a Monte Carlo approach for computing uncertainty regions. A small simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Computer programs written using public-domain software for computing uncertainty regions are listed. An example, involving complex S-parameter measurements, is used to illustrate the proposed method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 112HN UT WOS:000242516600010 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, AK Olson, DA AF Bandyopadhyay, A. K. Olson, Douglas A. TI Characterization of a compact 200 MPa controlled clearance piston gauge as a primary pressure standard using the Heydemann and Welch method SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB Controlled clearance piston gauges are used as primary pressure standards at many national metrology institutes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, in collaboration with the National Physical Laboratory ( India), is studying the performance of a new generation of controlled clearance gauges that offer the potential for reduced uncertainties. The gauges are also well suited to interlaboratory comparisons because of their smaller, integrated design and use of existing mass sets. In this paper we present results of the characterization of a 200MPa oil-operated controlled clearance gauge with a 2.5 mm nominal diameter piston and cylinder. The gauge is operated with an external cylinder pressure of 0 MPa to 80 MPa. We present results of piston fall rate measurements, deformation measurements, piston diameter measurements and modelling calculations using the Heydemann - Welch (HW) method on two occasions over a two-year time period. The relative standard uncertainties in the effective area (A(e)) using the HW method range from 24 x 10(-6) at 20 MPa to 37 x 10(-6) at 200 MPa. We have compared results of the HW method to the present NIST hydraulic pressure scale. For the entire pressure range, there is agreement in A(e) within the combined standard uncertainty (k = 1). C1 Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, AK (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. EM akband@mail.nplindia.ernet.in; douglas.olson@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/013 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 112HN UT WOS:000242516600021 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, Dale E. TI Electron-excited energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry at high speed and at high resolution: Silicon drift detectors and microcalorimeters SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS DE electron microscopy; energy dispersive; spectrometry; microcalorimeter; scanning electron microscopy; silicon drift detector; wavelength dispersive spectrometry; X-ray spectrometry ID TRANSITION-EDGE-MICROCALORIMETER; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; MICROANALYSIS; MICROSCOPE; ARRAYS AB Two recent developments in X-ray spectrometer technology provide dramatic improvements in analytical capabilities that impact the frontiers of electron microscopy. Silicon drift detectors (SDD) use the same physics as silicon (lithium) energy dispersive spectrometers [Si(Li) EDS] but differ in design: only 10% of the thickness of the Si(Li) EDS with an anode area below 0.1 mm(2) and a complex rear surface electrode pattern that creates a lateral internal charge collection field. The SDD equals or betters the Si(Li) EDS in most measures of performance. For output versus input count rate, the SDD exceeds the Si(Li) EDS by a factor of 5 to 10 for the same resolution. This high throughput can benefit analytical measurements that are count limited, such as X-ray mapping and trace measurements. The microcalorimeter EDS determines the X-ray energy by measuring the temperature rise in a metal absorber. Operating at 100 mK, the micro calorimeter EDS achieves resolution of 2-5 eV over a photon energy range of 200 eV to 10 keV in energy dispersive operation, eliminating most peak interference situations and providing high peak-to-background to detect low fluorescence yield peaks. Chemical bonding effects on low energy (< 2 keV) peak shapes can be measured. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1017/S1431927606060673 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 111TR UT WOS:000242478200012 PM 19830945 ER PT J AU Steppeler, J Bitzer, HW Janjic, Z Schattler, U Prohl, P Gjertsen, U Torrisi, L Parfinievicz, J Avgoustoglou, E Damrath, U AF Steppeler, J. Bitzer, H. W. Janjic, Z. Schaettler, U. Prohl, P. Gjertsen, U. Torrisi, L. Parfinievicz, J. Avgoustoglou, E. Damrath, U. TI Prediction of clouds and rain using a z-coordinate nonhydrostatic model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STEP OROGRAPHY; FLOW AB The most common option for numerical models of the atmosphere is to use model layers following the surface of the earth, using a terrain-following vertical coordinate. The present paper investigates the forecast of clouds and precipitation using the z-coordinate nonhydrostatic version of the Lokalmodell (LM-z). This model uses model layers that are parallel to the surface of the sphere and consequently intersect the orography. Physical processes are computed on a special grid, allowing adequate grid spacing even over high mountains. In other respects the model is identical to the nonhydrostatic terrain-following version of the LM, which in a number of European countries is used for operational mesoscale forecasting. The terrain-following version of the LM (LM-tf) is used for comparison with the forecasts of the LM-z. Terrain-following coordinates are accurate when the orography is shallow and smooth, while z-coordinate models need not satisfy this condition. Because the condition of smooth orography is rarely satisfied in reality, z-coordinate models should lead to a better representation of the atmospheric flow near mountains and consequently to a better representation of fog, low stratus, and precipitation. A number of real-data cases, computed with a grid spacing of 7 and 74 km, are investigated. A total of 39 real-data cases have been used to evaluate forecast scores. A rather systematic improvement of precipitation forecasts resulted in a substantial increase of threat scores. Furthermore, RMS verification against radiosondes showed an improvement of the 24-h forecast, both for wind and temperature. To investigate the possibility of flow separation at mountain tops, the flow in the lee of southern Italy was investigated. C1 Deutscher Wetterdienst, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. Aw Geophys, Offenbach, Germany. NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. CNMCA, Rome, Italy. IMGW, Warsaw, Poland. HNMS, Athens, Greece. RP Steppeler, J (reprint author), Deutscher Wetterdienst, Kaiserlaistr 42, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. EM juergen.steppeler@dwd.de NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 12 BP 3625 EP 3643 DI 10.1175/MWR3331.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AB UT WOS:000242913300006 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Hemler, R Klein, SA AF Pincus, Robert Hemler, Richard Klein, Stephen A. TI Using stochastically generated subcolumns to represent cloud structure in a large-scale model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ECMWF MODEL; CIRCULATION MODELS; OVERLAP STATISTICS; RADAR DATA; PARAMETERIZATION; ISCCP; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; CLIMATE AB A new method for representing subgrid-scale cloud structure in which each model column is decomposed into a set of subcolumns has been introduced into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's global atmospheric model AM2. Each subcolumn in the decomposition is homogeneous, but the ensemble reproduces the initial profiles of cloud properties including cloud fraction, internal variability (if any) in cloud condensate, and arbitrary overlap assumptions that describe vertical correlations. These subcolumns are used in radiation and diagnostic calculations and have allowed the introduction of more realistic overlap assumptions. This paper describes the impact of these new methods for representing cloud structure in instantaneous calculations and long-term integrations. Shortwave radiation computed using subcolumns and the random overlap assumption differs in the global annual average by more than 4 W m(-2) from the operational radiation scheme in instantaneous calculations; much of this difference is counteracted by a change in the overlap assumption to one in which overlap varies continuously with the separation distance between layers. Internal variability in cloud condensate, diagnosed from the mean condensate amount and cloud fraction, has about the same effect on radiative fluxes as does the ad hoc tuning accounting for this effect in the operational radiation scheme. Long simulations with the new model configuration show little difference from the operational model configuration, while statistical tests indicate that the model does not respond systematically to the sampling noise introduced by the approximate radiative transfer techniques introduced to work with the subcolumns. C1 CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 28 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 12 BP 3644 EP 3656 DI 10.1175/MWR3257.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AB UT WOS:000242913300007 ER PT J AU Yang, FL Pan, HL Krueger, SK Moorthi, S Lord, SJ AF Yang, Fanglin Pan, Hua-Lu Krueger, Steven K. Moorthi, Shrinivas Lord, Stephen J. TI Evaluation of the NCEP Global Forecast System at the ARM SGP site SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CLOUD RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODELS; SOLAR-RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRRUS AB This study evaluates the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) against observations made by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program at the southern Great Plains site for the years 2001-04. The spatial and temporal scales of the observations are examined to search for an optimum approach for comparing grid-mean model forecasts with single-point observations. A single-column model (SCM) based upon the GFS was also used to aid in understanding certain forecast errors. The investigation is focused on the surface energy fluxes and clouds. Results show that the overall performance of the GFS model has been improving, although certain forecast errors remain. The model overestimated the daily maximum latent heat flux by 76 W m(-2) and the daily maximum surface downward solar flux by 44 W m(-2), and underestimated the daily maximum sensible heat flux by 44 W m(-2). The model's surface energy balance was reached by a cancellation of errors. For clouds, the GFS was able to capture the observed evolutions of cloud systems during major synoptic events. However. on average, the model largely underestimated cloud fraction in the lower and midtroposphere, especially for daytime nonprecipitating low clouds because shallow convection in the GFS does not produce clouds. Analyses of surface radiative fluxes revealed that the diurnal cycle of the model's surface downward longwave flux (SDLW) was not in phase with that of the ARM-observed SDLW. SCM experiments showed that this error was caused by an inaccurate scaling factor, which was a function of ground skin temperature and was used to adjust the SDLW at each model time step to that computed by the model's longwave radiative transfer routine once every 3 h. A method has been proposed to correct this error in the operational forecast model. It was also noticed that the SDLW biases changed from mostly negative in 2003 to slightly positive in 2004. This change was traced back to errors in the near-surface air temperature. In addition, the SDLW simulated with the newly implemented Rapid Radiative Transfer Model longwave routine in the GFS is usually 5(-10) W m(-2) larger than that simulated with the previous routine. The forecasts of surface downward shortwave flux (SDSW) were relatively accurate under clear-sky conditions. The errors in SDSW were primarily caused by inaccurate forecasts of cloud properties. Results from this study can be used as guidance for the further development of the GFS. C1 NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20724 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Yang, FL (reprint author), NCEP, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20724 USA. EM fanglin.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 NR 46 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 12 BP 3668 EP 3690 DI 10.1175/MWR3264.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AB UT WOS:000242913300009 ER PT J AU Nolin, AW Hall-McKim, EA AF Nolin, Anne W. Hall-McKim, Eileen A. TI Frequency modes of monsoon precipitation in Arizona and New Mexico SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN-MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; REGIME; SYSTEM AB The interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American monsoon is of great interest because a large proportion of the annual precipitation for Arizona and New Mexico arrives during the summer monsoon. Forty-one years of daily monsoon season precipitation data for Arizona and New Mexico were studied using wavelet analysis. This time-localized spectral analysis method reveals that periodicities of less than 8 days are positively correlated with mean daily precipitation during the 1 July-15 September monsoon period. Roughly 17% of the years indicate no significant periodicity during the monsoon period for either region and are associated with low monsoon precipitation. High- and low-frequency modes explain an equivalent percentage of the variance in monsoon precipitation in both Arizona and New Mexico, and in many years concurrent multiple periodicities occur. Wavelet analysis was effective in identifying the contribution of high-frequency modes that had not been discerned in previous studies. These results suggest that precipitation processes during the monsoon season are modulated by phenomena operating at synoptic (2-8 days) and longer (> 8 days) time scales and point to the need for further studies to better understand the associated atmospheric processes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nolin, AW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nolina@science.oregonstate.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 12 BP 3774 EP 3781 DI 10.1175/MWR3244.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AB UT WOS:000242913300015 ER PT J AU Pirollo, KF Freedman, M Dagata, J Zhou, Q Wang, P Chang, EH AF Pirollo, K. F. Freedman, M. Dagata, J. Zhou, Q. Wang, P. Chang, E. H. TI Enhanced early MRI detection of cancer using a tumor cell-targeting nanoimmuno delivery system SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 EI 1549-9642 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.146 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120VR UT WOS:000243115000144 ER PT J AU Kogut, A Chuss, DT Fixsen, D Hinshaw, GF Limon, M Moseley, SH Phillips, N Sharp, E Wollack, EJ U-Yen, K Cao, N Stevenson, T Hsieh, W Devlin, M Dicker, S Semisch, C Irwin, K AF Kogut, A. Chuss, D. T. Fixsen, D. Hinshaw, G. F. Limon, M. Moseley, S. H. Phillips, N. Sharp, E. Wollack, E. J. U-Yen, K. Cao, N. Stevenson, T. Hsieh, W. Devlin, M. Dicker, S. Semisch, C. Irwin, K. TI PAPPA: Primordial anisotropy polarization pathfinder array SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fundamental Physics with Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation CY MAR 23-25, 2006 CL Arnold & Nable Beckman Ctr, Natl Acad Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA HO Arnold & Nable Beckman Ctr, Natl Acad Sci & Engn DE cosmology; cosmic microwave background; polarization; instrumentation AB The primordial anisotropy polarization pathfinder array (PAPPA) is a balloon-based instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background and search for the signal from gravity waves excited during an inflationary epoch in the early universe. PAPPA will survey a 20 x 20 patch at the North Celestial Pole using 32 pixels in 3 passbands centered at 89, 212, and 302 GHz. Each pixel uses MEMS switches in a superconducting microstrip transmission line to combine the phase modulation techniques used in radio astronomy with the sensitivity of transition-edge superconducting bolometers. Each switched circuit modulates the incident polarization on a single detector, allowing nearly instantaneous characterization of the Stokes I, Q, and U parameters. We describe the instrument design and status. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Global Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MEI Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alan.j.kogut@nasa.gov RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Kogut, Alan/D-6293-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 11-12 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.09.024 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122PW UT WOS:000243239900026 ER PT J AU Faure, K Greinert, J Pecher, IA Graham, IJ Massoth, GJ De Ronde, CEJ Wright, IC Baker, ET Olson, EJ AF Faure, Kevin Greinert, Jens Pecher, Ingo A. Graham, Ian J. Massoth, Gary J. De Ronde, Cornel E. J. Wright, Ian C. Baker, Edward T. Olson, Eric J. TI Methane seepage and its relation to slumping and gas hydrate at the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hikurangi margin; Ritchie Ridge; methane; hydrate; multibeam bathymetry; slumping ID BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTORS; CONDUCTIVE HEAT-FLOW; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; BLACK-SEA; AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; MUD VOLCANOS; RIDGE; ZONE; VARIABILITY AB Dissolved methane and high resolution bathymetry surveys were conducted over the Rock Garden region of Ritchie Ridge, along the Hikurangi margin, eastern New Zealand. Multibeam bathymetry reveals two prominent, northeast trending ridges, parallel to subduction along the margin, that are steep sided and extensively slumped. Elevated concentrations of methane (up to 10 nM, 10x background) within the water column are associated with a slump structure at the southern end of Eastern Rock Garden. The anomalous methane concentrations were detected by a methane sensor (METS) attached to a conductivity-temperature-depth-optical backscatter device (CTDO) and are associated with elevated light scattering and flare-shaped backscatter signals revealed by the ship's echo sounder. Increased particulate matter in the water column, possibly related to the seepage and/or higher rates of erosion near slump structures, is considered to be the cause of the increased light scattering, rather than bubbles in the water column. Methane concentrations calculated from the METS are in good agreement with concentrations measured by gas chromatography in water samples collected at the same time. However, there is a c. 20 min (c. 900 m) delay in the METS signal reaching maximum CH, concentrations. The maximum methane concentration occurs near the plateau of Eastern Rock Garden close to the edge of a slump, at 610 m below sea level (mbsl). This is close to the depth (c. 630 mbsl) where a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) pinches out at the seafloor. Fluctuating water temperatures observed in previous studies indicate that the stability zone for pure methane hydrate in the ocean varies between 630 and 710 mbsl. However, based on calculations of the geothermal gradients from BSRs, we Suggest gas hydrate in the study area to be more stable than hydrate from pure methane in sea water, moving the phase boundary in the ocean upward. Small fractions of additional higher order hydrocarbon gases are the most likely cause for increased hydrate stability. Relatively high methane concentrations have been measured down to c. 1000 mbsi, most likely in response to sediment slumping caused by gas hydrate destabilisation of the sediments and/or marking seepage through the gas hydrate zone. C1 GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. Univ Ghent, RCMG, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6241, New Zealand. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Faure, K (reprint author), GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, POB 31312, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM k.faure@gns.cri.nz RI Wright, Ian/B-9643-2008; Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012; OI Wright, Ian/0000-0002-6660-0493; Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1080/00288306.2006.9515184 PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126NM UT WOS:000243519600008 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Oblozinsky, P Herman, M Greene, NM McKnight, RD Smith, DL Young, PG MacFarlane, RE Hale, GM Frankle, SC Kahler, AC Kawano, T Little, RC Madland, DG Moller, P Mosteller, RD Page, PR Talou, P Trellue, H White, MC Wilson, WB Arcilla, R Dunford, CL Mughabghab, SF Pritychenko, B Rochman, D Sonzogni, AA Lubitz, CR Trumbull, TH Weinman, JP Brown, DA Cullen, DE Heinrichs, DP McNabb, DP Derrien, H Dunn, ME Larson, NM Leal, LC Carlson, AD Block, RC Briggs, JB Cheng, ET Huria, HC Zerkle, ML Kozier, KS Courcelle, A Pronyaev, V van der Marck, SC AF Chadwick, M. B. Oblozinsky, P. Herman, M. Greene, N. M. McKnight, R. D. Smith, D. L. Young, P. G. MacFarlane, R. E. Hale, G. M. Frankle, S. C. Kahler, A. C. Kawano, T. Little, R. C. Madland, D. G. Moller, P. Mosteller, R. D. Page, P. R. Talou, P. Trellue, H. White, M. C. Wilson, W. B. Arcilla, R. Dunford, C. L. Mughabghab, S. F. Pritychenko, B. Rochman, D. Sonzogni, A. A. Lubitz, C. R. Trumbull, T. H. Weinman, J. P. Brown, D. A. Cullen, D. E. Heinrichs, D. P. McNabb, D. P. Derrien, H. Dunn, M. E. Larson, N. M. Leal, L. C. Carlson, A. D. Block, R. C. Briggs, J. B. Cheng, E. T. Huria, H. C. Zerkle, M. L. Kozier, K. S. Courcelle, A. Pronyaev, V. van der Marck, S. C. TI ENDF/B-VII.0: Next generation evaluated nuclear data library for nuclear science and technology SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID PHOTONEUTRON CROSS-SECTIONS; DELAYED NEUTRON FRACTION; CONTINUUM ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECOMPOUND DECAY MODEL; EMISSION PROBABILITIES; PHOTONUCLEAR PHYSICS; RADIATION TRANSPORT; MULTISTEP-COMPOUND; STATISTICAL-MODEL; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE AB We describe the next generation general purpose Evaluated Nuclear Data File, ENDF/B-VIL0, of recommended nuclear data for advanced nuclear science and technology applications. The library, released by the U.S. Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) in December 2006, contains data primarily for reactions with incident neutrons, protons, and photons on almost 400 isotopes, based on experimental data and theory predictions. The principal advances over the previous ENDF/B-VI library are the following: (1) New cross sections for U, Pu, Th; Np and Am actinide isotopes, with improved performance in integral validation criticality and neutron transmission benchmark tests; (2) More precise standard cross sections for neutron reactions on H, Li-6, B-10, An and for U-235,U-238 fission, developed by a collaboration with the IAEA and the OECD/NEA Working Party on Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC): (3) Improved thermal neutron scattering:, (4) An extensive set of neutron cross sections on fission products developed through a WPEG collaboration; (5) A large suite of photonuclear reactions; (6) Extension of many neutron-and proton-induced evaluations up to 150 MeV: (7) Many new light nucleus neutron and proton reactions; (8) Post-fission beta-delayed photon decay spectra:, (9) New radioactive decay data:, (10) New methods for uncertainties and covariances, together with covariance evaluations for some sample cases; and (11) New actinide fission energy deposition. The paper provides an overview of this library; consisting of 14 sublibraries in the same ENDF-6 format as the earlier ENDF/B-VI library. We describe each of the 14 sublibraries, focusing on neutron reactions. Extensive validation, using radiation transport codes to simulate measured critical assemblies, show major improvements: (a) The Ion-standing underprediction of low enriched uranium thermal assemblies is removed; (b) The U-238 and Pb-208 0 U and Ph reflector biases in fast systems are largely removed; (c) ENDF/B-VI.8 good agreement for simulations of thermal high-enriched uranium assemblies is preserved; (d) The underprediction of fast criticality of U-233,U-235 and Pu-239 assemblies is removed; and (e) The intermediate spectrum critical assemblies are predicted more accurately. We anticipate that the new library will play an important role in nuclear technology applications, including transport simulations supporting national security, nonproliferation, advanced reactor and fuel cycle concepts, criticality safety, fusion, medicine, space applications, nuclear astrophysics, and nuclear physics facility design. The ENDF/B-VII.0 library is archived at the National Nuclear Data Center, BNL, and can be retrieved from www.nndc.bnl.gov. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Knolls Atom Power Lab, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Gaerttner LINAC Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. TSI Res Corp, Solana Beach, CA 92067 USA. Westinghouse Elect Corp, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. Bettis Atom Power Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. CEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. Nucl Res & Consultancy Grp, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. RP Oblozinsky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM oblozinsky@bnl.gov RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015; OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034; White, Morgan/0000-0003-3876-421X; Moller, Peter/0000-0002-5848-3565 NR 294 TC 1060 Z9 1089 U1 31 U2 138 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2006 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2931 EP 3059 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.11.001 PG 129 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 122QE UT WOS:000243240700001 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AJ AF Kearsley, Anthony J. TI Algorithms for optimal signal set design SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Parameter Estimation and Experimental Design CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY DE nonlinear programming; optimization; signal set ID INEQUALITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; NON-GAUSSIAN DETECTORS; FEASIBLE DIRECTIONS; CONVERGENCE AB The problem of choosing an optimal signal set for non-Gaussian detection was reduced to a smooth inequality-constrained mini-max nonlinear programming problem by Gockenbach and Kearsley. Here, we consider the application of several optimization algorithms, both global and local, to this problem. The most promising results are obtained when special-purpose sequential quadratic programming algorithms are embedded into stochastic global algorithms. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kearsley, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ajk@cam.nist.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 977 EP 994 DI 10.1080/10556780500296359 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 085GU UT WOS:000240592700008 ER PT J AU Slutsker, J Roytburd, A AF Slutsker, Julia Roytburd, Alexander TI Thermodynamics of formation and electro-magnetic coupling of self-assembled multiferroic thin film nanostructures SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE multiferroics; nanostructures; electromagnetic response ID BATIO3-COFE2O4 NANOSTRUCTURES; EQUILIBRIUM; COMPOSITES; FREQUENCY AB The formation and electro-magnetic coupling of self-assembling nanostructures consisting of ferrimagnetic rods embedded in a ferroelectric matrix have been analyzed using a thermodynamic approach. The resulting nanostructure architectures are determined by minimizing the free energy including the elastic energy associated with the epitaxial stresses, which arise during the growth of nanosize constituent phases. The magnetic response to the external electric field has been studied by minimization of the Landau-type free energy for ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases with elastic interactions between them. It has been shown that depending on the mechanism of rotation of magnetic moments in single-domain nano-rods the external electric field induces a continuous or discontinuous change of magnetization. The formation of a CoFe2O4 PbTiO3 nanostructure grown on SrTiO3 substrate and its response to an electric field is considered as an example. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM julias@nist.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1094 DI 10.1080/01411590601067300 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 128QH UT WOS:000243672500009 ER PT J AU Bhat, R Peden, BM Seaman, BT Kramer, M Carr, LD Holland, MJ AF Bhat, Rajiv Peden, B. M. Seaman, B. T. Kramer, M. Carr, L. D. Holland, M. J. TI Quantized vortex states of strongly interacting bosons in a rotating optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BLOCH ELECTRONS; ATOMS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; INSULATOR AB Bose gases in rotating optical lattices combine two important topics in quantum physics: superfluid rotation and strong correlations. In this paper, we examine square two-dimensional systems at zero temperature comprised of strongly repulsive bosons with filling factors of up to one atom per lattice site. The entry of vortices into the system is characterized by jumps of 2 pi in the phase winding of the condensate wave function. A lattice of size LxL can have at most L-1 quantized vortices in the lowest Bloch band. In contrast to homogeneous systems, angular momentum is not a good quantum number since the continuous rotational symmetry is broken by the lattice. Instead, a quasiangular momentum captures the discrete rotational symmetry of the system. Energy level crossings indicative of quantum phase transitions are observed when the quasiangular momentum of the ground state changes. C1 NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhat, R (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016 OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 063606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.063606 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700117 ER PT J AU Hanssen, JL McClelland, JJ Dakin, EA Jacka, M AF Hanssen, J. L. McClelland, J. J. Dakin, E. A. Jacka, M. TI Laser-cooled atoms as a focused ion-beam source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FIELD-IONIZATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; SIZE; TECHNOLOGY; PROBE AB The evolving field of nanofabrication demands that more precise fabrication and evaluation tools be developed. We describe a method for creating a high quality focused ion beam with enhanced capabilities using an ion source based on laser-cooled neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap. This technique will improve resolution and brightness beyond the current state of the art, can be used with the full range of atomic species that can be laser cooled and trapped, and will allow unprecedented control over the ion emission, allowing, for example, the production of single ions "on demand." We give estimates for the emittance and present a realistic ray tracing analysis of a basic focusing system demonstrating the feasibility of focusing the beam to a spot size of less than 10 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Hanssen, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 063416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.063416 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700106 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD AF Jentschura, Ulrich D. TI Two-loop Bethe logarithms for non-S levels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; SELF-ENERGY CORRECTIONS; LAMB SHIFT; HYDROGEN; STATES; ATOMS AB Two-loop Bethe logarithms are calculated for excited P and D states in hydrogenlike systems, and estimates are presented for all states with higher angular momenta. These results complete our knowledge of the P and D energy levels in hydrogen at the order of alpha(8)m(e)c(2), where m(e) is the electron mass and c is the speed of light, and scale as Z(6), where Z is the nuclear charge number. Our analytic and numerical calculations are consistent with the complete absence of logarithmic terms of order (alpha/pi)(2)(Z alpha)(6) ln[(Z alpha)(-2)]m(e)c(2) for D states and all states with higher angular momenta. For higher excited P and D states, a number of poles from lower-lying levels have to subtracted in the numerical evaluation. We find that, surprisingly, the corrections of the "squared decay-rate type" are the numerically dominant contributions in the order (alpha/pi)(2)(Z alpha)(6)m(e)c(2) for states with large angular momenta, and provide an estimate of the entire B-60 coefficient for Rydberg states with high angular momentum quantum numbers. Our results reach the predictive limits of the quantum electrodynamic theory of the Lamb shift. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 062517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.062517 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700068 ER PT J AU Lev, BL Meyer, ER Hudson, ER Sawyer, BC Bohn, JL Ye, J AF Lev, Benjamin L. Meyer, Edmund R. Hudson, Eric R. Sawyer, Brian C. Bohn, John L. Ye, Jun TI OH hyperfine ground state: From precision measurement to molecular qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADICALS AB We perform precision microwave spectroscopy-aided by Stark deceleration-to reveal the low-magnetic-field behavior of OH in its (2)Pi(3/2) rovibronic ground state, identifying two field-insensitive hyperfine transitions suitable as qubits and determining a differential Lande g factor of 1.267(5)x10(-3) between opposite-parity components of the Lambda doublet. The data are successfully modeled with an effective hyperfine Zeeman Hamiltonian, which we use to make a tenfold improvement of the magnetically sensitive, astrophysically important Delta F=+/- 1 satellite-line frequencies, yielding 1 720 529 887(10) Hz and 1 612 230 825(15) Hz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lev, BL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM benlev@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 061402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.061402 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700008 ER PT J AU Naidon, P Julienne, PS AF Naidon, Pascal Julienne, Paul S. TI Optical Feshbach resonances of alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a one- or two-dimensional optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID IMPENETRABLE BOSONS; SCATTERING; PHOTOASSOCIATION; CONFINEMENT; GASES AB Motivated by a recent experiment by Zelevinsky [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 203201 (2006)], we present the theory for photoassociation and optical Feshbach resonances of atoms confined in a tight one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice. In the case of an alkaline-earth-metal intercombination resonance, the narrow natural width of the line makes it possible to observe clear manifestations of the dimensionality, as well as some sensitivity to the scattering length of the atoms. Among possible applications, a 2D lattice may be used to increase the spectroscopic resolution by about one order of magnitude. Furthermore, a 1D lattice induces a shift that provides an alternative way of determining the strength of a resonance by spectroscopic measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Naidon, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pascal.naidon@nist.gov RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 062713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.062713 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700081 ER PT J AU Sandhu, AS Gagnon, E Paul, A Thomann, I Lytle, A Keep, T Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Christov, IP AF Sandhu, Arvinder S. Gagnon, Etienne Paul, Ariel Thomann, Isabell Lytle, Amy Keep, Tracy Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Christov, Ivan P. TI Generation of sub-optical-cycle, carrier-envelope-phase - insensitive, extreme-uv pulses via nonlinear stabilization in a waveguide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; SOFT X-RAYS; ATTOSECOND PULSES; RARE-GASES; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; FIELDS; LIGHT; LASER AB We present evidence for a new regime of high-harmonic generation in a waveguide where bright, sub-optical-cycle, quasimonochromatic, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light is generated via a mechanism that is relatively insensitive to carrier-envelope phase fluctuations. The interplay between the transient plasma which determines the phase matching conditions and the instantaneous laser intensity which drives harmonic generation gives rise to a new nonlinear stabilization mechanism in the waveguide, localizing the phase-matched EUV emission to within sub-optical-cycle duration. The sub-optical-cycle EUV emission generated by this mechanism can also be selectively optimized in the spectral domain by simple tuning of parameters. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sandhu, AS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arvinder@jilau1.colorado.edu; christov@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Christov, Ivan/D-4446-2014; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015; OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Christov, Ivan/0000-0002-9146-6708; Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 061803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.061803 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121OK UT WOS:000243166700013 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E Levine, ZH AF Cockayne, Eric Levine, Zachary H. TI Wake fields in the electron gas including transverse response SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; ENERGY-LOSS; SWIFT IONS; SOLIDS; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; GAUGE AB Relativistic electrons have transverse electric fields comparable in magnitude to the longitudinal fields. We determine the effects of transverse and longitudinal fields of a moving point charge subject to the dielectric response of a uniform electron gas, using Lindhard's longitudinal and transverse dielectric functions and, separately, the Drude dielectric function. The formalism of the transverse response is presented, including forms for the electromagnetic potentials of a point charge moving at a constant velocity in the Lorentz, Hamiltonian, and Coulomb gauges, how these are screened, and how the screening is affected by both the relevant dielectric functions and Maxwell's equations. The longitudinal fields have screening, resonance enhancement, or antiscreening depending upon the frequency in question. The transverse fields are always screened. Transverse fields dominate at large impact parameters, but longitudinal fields dominate for small impact parameters. The implications of the results for electron energy loss experiments in electron microscopy are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov; zachary.levine@nist.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 23 AR 235107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235107 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZO UT WOS:000243195700026 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Bennett, MC Sokolov, DA Aronson, MC Millican, JN Chan, JY Huang, Q Chen, Y Lynn, JW AF Kim, M. S. Bennett, M. C. Sokolov, D. A. Aronson, M. C. Millican, J. N. Chan, Julia Y. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. Lynn, J. W. TI Synthesis and study of the heavy-fermion compound Yb5Pt9 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; KONDO; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FERROMAGNETISM; RESISTIVITY; PHASES; YB3PT5; YBPT3 AB We report the synthesis of single crystals of a binary heavy-fermion system Yb5Pt9. An unusual double phase transition is observed in specific heat C-P measurements at 0.6 K and 0.65 K, signaling a magnetically ordered ground state. The complete magnetic field-temperature phase diagram of Yb5Pt9 is obtained from the magnetic field dependence of the electrical resistivity rho(T) and specific heat C-P(T), and consists of two phase lines terminating at finite temperature critical endpoints. Electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements show that the magnetically ordered state is a Fermi liquid with strong electronic correlations, absent in the paramagnetic state. At higher temperatures, strong magnetic anisotropy is observed, which we ascribe to crystal electric field effects acting on a well localized Yb3+ moment, yielding a well separated doublet ground state, confirmed by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. Our measurements show that Yb5Pt9 is a heavy-fermion compound which is very near a quantum critical point. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 22 AR 224431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224431 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZN UT WOS:000243195600067 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ O'Donovan, KV Velthuis, SGET Roy, S Sanchez-Hanke, C Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Lim, WL Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Rhyne, J. J. O'Donovan, K. V. Velthuis, S. G. E. te Roy, S. Sanchez-Hanke, Cecilia Wojtowicz, T. Liu, X. Lim, W. L. Dobrowolska, M. Furdyna, J. K. TI Magnetic and chemical nonuniformity in Ga1-xMnxAs films as probed by polarized neutron and x-ray reflectometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CURIE-TEMPERATURE; (GA,MN)AS; FERROMAGNETISM; EPILAYERS; INJECTION; GAMNAS; GAAS AB We have used complementary neutron and x-ray reflectivity techniques to examine the depth profiles of a series of as-grown and annealed Ga1-xMnxAs thin films. A magnetization gradient is observed for two as-grown films and originates from a nonuniformity of Mn at interstitial sites, and not from local variations in Mn at Ga sites. Furthermore, we see that the depth-dependent magnetization can vary drastically among as-grown Ga1-xMnxAs films despite being deposited under seemingly similar conditions. These results imply that the depth profile of interstitial Mn is dependent not only on annealing, but is also extremely sensitive to initial growth conditions. We observe that annealing improves the magnetization by producing a surface layer that is rich in Mn and O, indicating that the interstitial Mn migrates to the surface. Finally, we expand upon our previous neutron reflectivity study of Ga1-xMnxAs, by showing how the depth profile of the chemical composition at the surface and through the film thickness is directly responsible for the complex magnetization profiles observed in both as-grown and annealed films. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 24 AR 245304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.245304 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZP UT WOS:000243195800066 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I Woicik, JC Yoder, D Fischer, DA AF Krayzman, V. Levin, I. Woicik, J. C. Yoder, D. Fischer, D. A. TI Effects of local atomic order on the pre-edge structure in the TiK x-ray absorption spectra of perovskite CaTi1-xZrxO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SRTIO3; SPECTROSCOPY; CATIO3; ELNES AB The effects of local B-cation (Ti, Zr) distribution and octahedral tilting on the pre-edge structure in the Ti x-ray absorption K-spectra of the CaTi1-xZrxO3 perovskite solid solutions were investigated. Experimental spectra for the disordered CaTi1-xZrxO3 samples revealed systematic variations of the pre-edge peak intensities with the x values. Multiple-scattering calculations using 75-atom clusters Ti(TiO6)(6-n)(ZrO6)(n)Ca8O24 were conducted to interpret these differences. The origin of the lowest unoccupied states in the conduction band of the CaTi1-xZrxO3 was determined from the analyses of x-ray absorption near-edge structure of the O K-edge. The calculations reproduced the experimental spectra and demonstrated that the differences in the intensities of certain pre-edge feature are dominated by the probability of finding a Zr atom in the first B-cation coordination sphere around the absorbing Ti. The pre-edge structure appeared to be sensitive to small changes in the value of this probability, so that the pre-edge intensities could be used effectively to compare the extent of local B-site order in perovskite solid solution samples having similar chemical composition but processed differently. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krayzman, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM victor.krayzman@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 22 AR 224104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224104 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZN UT WOS:000243195600020 ER PT J AU Lu, L Hancock, JN Chabot-Couture, G Ishii, K Vajk, OP Yu, G Mizuki, J Casa, D Gog, T Greven, M AF Lu, L. Hancock, J. N. Chabot-Couture, G. Ishii, K. Vajk, O. P. Yu, G. Mizuki, J. Casa, D. Gog, T. Greven, M. TI Incident energy and polarization-dependent resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of La2CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; EDGE; EXCITATIONS; SPECTRA; ND2CUO4; SOLIDS; OXIDES; WATER AB We present a detailed Cu K-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of the Mott insulator La2CuO4 in the 1-7 eV energy loss range. As initially found for the high-temperature superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta, the spectra exhibit a multiplet of weakly dispersive electron-hole excitations, which are revealed by utilizing the subtle dependence of the cross section on the incident photon energy. The close similarity between the fine structures for in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations is indicative of the central role played by the 1s core hole in inducing charge excitations within the CuO2 planes. On the other hand, we observe a polarization dependence of the spectral weight, and careful analysis reveals two separate features near 2 eV that may be related to different charge-transfer processes. The polarization dependence indicates that the 4p electrons contribute significantly to the RIXS cross section. Third-order perturbation arguments and a shake-up of valence excitations are then applied to account for the final-energy resonance in the spectra. As an alternative scenario, we discuss fluorescence-like emission processes due to 1s -> 4p transitions into a narrow continuum 4p band. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMC XOR, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Hancock, Jason/F-4694-2010; Yu, Guichuan/K-4025-2014; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 22 AR 224509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224509 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZN UT WOS:000243195600094 ER PT J AU Lumsden, MD Nagler, SE Sales, BC Tennant, DA McMorrow, DF Lee, SH Park, S AF Lumsden, M. D. Nagler, S. E. Sales, B. C. Tennant, D. A. McMorrow, D. F. Lee, S. -H. Park, S. TI Magnetic excitation spectrum of the square lattice S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet K2V3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-WAVE THEORY; TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR; LA2CUO4; DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ENERGY; OXIDES; ORDER; ALPHA'-NAV2O5; FLUCTUATIONS AB We have explored the magnetic excitation spectrum of the S=1/2 square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, K2V3O8, using both triple-axis and time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. The long-wavelength spin waves are consistent with the previously determined Hamiltonian for this material. A small energy gap of 72 +/- 9 mu eV is observed at the antiferromagnetic zone center and the near-neighbor exchange constant is determined to be 1.08 +/- 0.03 meV. A finite ferromagnetic interplanar coupling is observed along the crystallographic c axis with a magnitude of J(c)=-0.0036 +/- 0.0006 meV. However, upon approaching the zone boundary, the observed excitation spectrum deviates significantly from the expectation of linear spin wave theory resulting in split modes at the (pi/2,pi/2) zone boundary point. The effects of magnon-phonon interaction, orbital degrees of freedom, multimagnon scattering, and dilution/site randomness are considered in the context of the mode splitting. Unfortunately, no fully satisfactory explanation of this phenomenon is found and further theoretical and experimental work is needed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, HANARO Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. RP Lumsden, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 21 AR 214424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.214424 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZM UT WOS:000243195500075 ER PT J AU Monchesky, TL Unguris, J AF Monchesky, T. L. Unguris, J. TI Magnetic properties of Co/GaAs(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BCC-CO FILMS; COBALT FILMS; ANISOTROPIES; GROWTH; GAAS; SURFACES AB We observed three magnetic states of an ultrathin, atomically well-ordered Co film grown on a cleaved GaAs(110) substrate. For a Co thickness less than 3.4 monolayers (ML), we find a ferromagnetically dead layer associated with the formation of interfacial Co2GaAs. For thicknesses greater than 4.1 ML, the Co film grows with a bcc structure that contains 6 at. % Ga. The films are ferromagnetic with an easy axis along the [(1) over bar 10] direction. This magnetic state persists up to a thickness of 7 ML, at which point an abrupt in-plane spin-reorientation transition reorients the magnetization along the [001] direction. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Monchesky, TL (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; OI Monchesky, Theodore/0000-0001-7401-7866 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 24 AR 241301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.241301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZP UT WOS:000243195800008 ER PT J AU Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Russek, SE AF Rippard, W. H. Pufall, M. R. Russek, S. E. TI Comparison of frequency, linewidth, and output power in measurements of spin-transfer nanocontact oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; MAGNETIC MULTILAYER; POLARIZED CURRENT; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; THIN-FILMS; EXCITATION; WAVES; TORQUE AB We have measured the detailed dependence of the oscillation frequencies, linewidths, and output powers of spin-transfer nanocontact oscillators as functions of applied field strength, bias current, and angle of the applied magnetic field. For fields applied only moderately out of the plane of the film, the evolution of these properties is continuous. However, for fields applied more strongly out of plane they exhibit discontinuous evolution in both current and applied field. These discontinuities typically correlate with changes in the device resistance, changes in device output power, and a broadening of their spectral linewidths. However, away from these discontinuities, the oscillator output powers are larger and the linewidths narrower when compared to geometries having the fields applied at smaller angles. Our measurements suggest that the discontinuous evolution of the frequency with current and applied field results from an abrupt change in the precessional mode of the free layer. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rippard, WH (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224409 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZN UT WOS:000243195600045 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Yildirim, T AF Wu, H. Zhou, W. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. Yildirim, T. TI Structure and hydrogen bonding in CaSiD1+x: Issues about covalent bonding SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; SILICIDES; SILICON AB We report here our high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and neutron vibrational spectroscopy study of CaSiD1+x along with first-principles calculations, which reveal the deuterium structural arrangements and bonding in this novel alloy hydride. Both the structural and spectroscopic results show that, for x > 0, D atoms start occupying a Ca3Si interstitial site. The corresponding Si-D bond length is determined to be 1.82 A, fully 0.24 A larger than predicted by theory. Thus, our neutron measurements are at odds with the strongly covalent Si-H bonding in CaSiH1+x that such calculations suggest, a result which may have implications for a number of ongoing studies of metal-hydrogen systems destabilized by Si alloying. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 22 AR 224101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZN UT WOS:000243195600017 ER PT J AU Gericke, MT Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Dawkins, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Jones, GL Kandes, M Lauss, B Leuschner, M Lozowski, WR Mahurin, R Mason, M Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H AF Gericke, M. T. Bowman, J. D. Carlini, R. D. Chupp, T. E. Coulter, K. P. Dabaghyan, M. Dawkins, M. Desai, D. Freedman, S. J. Gentile, T. R. Gillis, R. C. Greene, G. L. Hersman, F. W. Ino, T. Jones, G. L. Kandes, M. Lauss, B. Leuschner, M. Lozowski, W. R. Mahurin, R. Mason, M. Masuda, Y. Mitchell, G. S. Muto, S. Nann, H. Page, S. A. Penttila, S. I. Ramsay, W. D. Santra, S. Seo, P. -N. Sharapov, E. I. Smith, T. B. Snow, W. M. Wilburn, W. S. Yuan, V. Zhu, H. CA NPDGamma Collaboration TI Upper bounds on parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetries in compound nuclei from polarized cold neutron capture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; DETECTOR ARRAY; NONCONSERVATION; CL-35 AB Parity-odd asymmetries in the electromagnetic decays of compound nuclei can sometimes be amplified above values expected from simple dimensional estimates by the complexity of compound nuclear states. Using a statistical approach, we estimate the root-mean-square of the distribution of expected parity-odd correlations (s) over right arrow (n)center dot(k) over right arrow (gamma), where (s) over right arrow (n) is the neutron spin and (k) over right arrow (gamma) is the momentum of the gamma, in the integrated gamma spectrum from the capture of cold polarized neutrons on Al, Cu, and In. We present measurements of the asymmetries in these and other nuclei. Based on our calculations, large enhancements of asymmetries were not predicted for the studied nuclei and the statistical estimates are consistent with our measured upper bounds on the asymmetries. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gericke, MT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mgericke@jlab.org NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 065503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.065503 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 121PC UT WOS:000243168500067 ER PT J AU Durgun, E Ciraci, S Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Durgun, E. Ciraci, S. Zhou, W. Yildirim, T. TI Transition-metal-ethylene complexes as high-capacity hydrogen-storage media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; TI AB From first-principles calculations, we predict that a single ethylene molecule can form a stable complex with two transition metals (TM) such as Ti. The resulting TM-ethylene complex then absorbs up to ten hydrogen molecules, reaching to gravimetric storage capacity of similar to 14 wt %. Dimerization, polymerizations, and incorporation of the TM-ethylene complexes in nanoporous carbon materials are also discussed. Our results are quite remarkable and open a new approach to high-capacity hydrogen-storage materials discovery. C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, UNAM, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Durgun, E (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 19 TC 210 Z9 213 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 22 AR 226102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.226102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 112PL UT WOS:000242538700037 PM 17155816 ER PT J AU Peral, I Iniguez, J AF Peral, Inmaculada Iniguez, Jorge TI Amorphization induced by pressure: Results for zeolites and general implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-QUARTZ; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; ALPO4 AB We report an ab initio study of pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) in zeolites, which are model systems for this phenomenon. We confirm the occurrence of recently reported low-density amorphous phases that preserve the crystalline topology, and explain the role of the zeolite composition regarding PIA. Our results support the correctness of existing models for the basic PIA mechanism, but suggest that energetic, rather than kinetic, factors determine the irreversibility of the transition. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peral, I (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 112PL UT WOS:000242538700031 PM 17155810 ER PT J AU Stewart, JT Gaebler, JP Regal, CA Jin, DS AF Stewart, J. T. Gaebler, J. P. Regal, C. A. Jin, D. S. TI Potential energy of a K-40 Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; SUPERFLUIDITY AB We present a measurement of the potential energy of an ultracold trapped gas of K-40 atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover and investigate the temperature dependence of this energy at a wide Feshbach resonance, where the gas is in the unitarity limit. In particular, we study the ratio of the potential energy in the region of the unitarity limit to that of a noninteracting gas, and in the T=0 limit we extract the universal many-body parameter beta. We find beta=-0.54(-0.12)(+0.05); this value is consistent with previous measurements using Li-6 atoms and also with recent theory and Monte Carlo calculations. This result demonstrates the universality of ultracold Fermi gases in the strongly interacting regime. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stewart, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM J.Stewart@jila.colorado.edu NR 38 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 22 AR 220406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.220406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 112PL UT WOS:000242538700006 PM 17155785 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Eardley, M Knappe, S Moreland, J Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Wang, Ying-Ju Eardley, Matthew Knappe, Svenja Moreland, John Hollberg, Leo Kitching, John TI Magnetic resonance in an atomic vapor excited by a mechanical resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INHOMOGENEOUS RADIOFREQUENCY FIELD; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPIN RELAXATION; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; DIFFUSION; GRADIENT; FILMS AB We demonstrate a direct resonant interaction between the mechanical motion of a mesoscopic resonator and the spin degrees of freedom of a sample of neutral atoms in the gas phase. This coupling, mediated by a magnetic particle attached to the tip of the miniature mechanical resonator, excites a coherent precession of the atomic spins about a static magnetic field. The novel coupled atom-resonator system may enable development of low-power, high-performance sensors, and enhance research efforts connected with the manipulation of cold atoms, quantum control, and high-resolution microscopy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 22 AR 227602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.227602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 112PL UT WOS:000242538700064 PM 17155843 ER PT J AU Li, DY O'Connor, BH Low, IM Van Riessen, A Toby, BH AF Li, Deyu O'Connor, Brian H. Low, It-Meng Van Riessen, Arie Toby, Brian H. TI Mineralogy of Al-substituted goethites SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE Al-substituted goethite; neutron powder diffraction; mineralogy of Al-goethite; structural model of Al-goethite ID NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-FEOOH; ALUMINUM; DIASPORE AB The structural models of three synthetic Al-substituted goethite specimens have been refined from the neutron data, including crystallographic determinations of the Al levels and H positions. The d-I data were calculated for the final models. A relationship between the c unit cell parameter and Al content has been extended to the entire goethite-diaspore solid-solution system, which makes the regression equation procedure simpler and more accurate. A second prospective H site could not be confirmed because of the quality of existing neutron data. However, it is hoped that a further neutron powder diffraction study of a synthetic, fully deuterated goethite material may allow the existence of the site to be demonstrated. (C) 2006 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, DY (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RI Low, It Meng/A-1322-2008; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Low, It Meng/0000-0002-4674-7826; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1154/1.2358358 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 119AP UT WOS:000242984900005 ER PT J AU Soares, CG AF Soares, Christopher G. TI Radiochromic film dosimetry SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Summer School on Solid State Dosimetry - Concepts and Trends in Medical Dosimetry CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL New Haven, CT SP Yale Univ Sch Med, Int Solid State Dosimetry Org DE radiochromic film; medical dosimetry; film dosimetry; two-dimensional dosimetry; film scanners; densitometry ID OPHTHALMIC APPLICATORS; RADIATION-THERAPY; GAFCHROMIC FILM; INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOURCE WIRE; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION AB The object of this paper is to give a new user some practical information on the use of radiochromic films for medical applications. While various aspects of radiochromic film dosimetry for medical applications have been covered in some detail in several other excellent review articles which have appeared in the last few years [Niroomand-Rad, A., Blackwell, C.R., Coursey, B.M., Gall, K.P, McLaughlin, W.L., Meigooni, A.S., Nath, R., Rodgers, LE., Soares, C.G., 1998. Radiochromic dosimetry: recommendations of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 55. Med. Phys. 25, 2093-2115; Dempsey, J.F., Low, D.A., Mutic, S., Markman, J., Kirov, A.S., Nussbaum, G.H., Williamson, J.F., 2000. Validation of a precision radiochromic film dosimetry system for quantitative two-dimensional imaging of acute exposure dose distributions. Med. Phys. 27, 2462-2475; Butson, M.J., Yu, P.K.N., Cheung, T., Metcalfe, P., 2003. Radiochromic film for medical radiation dosimetry. Mater. Sci. Eng. R41, 61-120], it is the intent of the present author to present material from a more user-oriented and practical standpoint. That is, how the films work will be stressed much less than how to make the films work well. The strength of radiochromic films is most evident in applications where there is a very high dose gradient and relatively high absorbed dose rates. These conditions are associated with brachytherapy applications, measurement of small fields, and at the edges (penumbra regions) of larger fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soares, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM soares@nist.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S100 EP S116 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.01.007 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 182WU UT WOS:000247535500010 ER PT J AU Boyd, MM Zelevinsky, T Ludlow, AD Foreman, SM Blatt, S Ido, T Ye, J AF Boyd, Martin M. Zelevinsky, Tanya Ludlow, Andrew D. Foreman, Seth M. Blatt, Sebastian Ido, Tetsuya Ye, Jun TI Optical atomic coherence at the 1-second time scale SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TRAPPED IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; LATTICE; CLOCK AB Highest-resolution laser spectroscopy has generally been limited to single trapped ion systems because of the rapid decoherence that plagues neutral atom ensembles. Precision spectroscopy of ultracold neutral atoms confined in a trapping potential now shows superior optical coherence without any deleterious effects from motional degrees of freedom, revealing optical resonance linewidths at the hertz level with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The resonance quality factor of 2.4 x 10(14) is the highest ever recovered in any form of coherent spectroscopy. The spectral resolution permits direct observation of the breaking of nuclear spin degeneracy for the S-1(0) and P-3(0) optical clock states of Sr-87 under a small magnetic bias field. This optical approach for excitation of nuclear spin states allows an accurate measurement of the differential Lande g factor between S-1(0) and P-3(0). The optical atomic coherence demonstrated for collective excitation of a large number of atoms will have a strong impact on quantum measurement and precision frequency metrology. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 40 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5804 BP 1430 EP 1433 DI 10.1126/science.1133732 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 110UF UT WOS:000242406100034 PM 17138896 ER PT J AU Mclay, S Cooper, C AF McLay, Scott Cooper, Craig TI Swimming with astronauts off the Florida Keys SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Umbilicals Int, Stafford, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Undersea Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Mclay, S (reprint author), Umbilicals Int, Stafford, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 IS 12 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 172DQ UT WOS:000246784700005 ER PT J AU Gallagher, L Offutt, J Cincotta, A AF Gallagher, Leonard Offutt, Jeff Cincotta, Anthony TI Integration testing of object-oriented components using finite state machines SO SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE software integration testing; data flow testing; data modelling; finite state machines; object-oriented ID DATA-FLOW; STRATEGY AB In object-oriented terms, one of the goals of integration testing is to ensure that messages from objects in one class or component are sent and received in the proper order and have the intended effect on the state of the objects that receive the messages. This research extends an existing single-class testing technique to integration testing of multiple classes. The single-class technique models the behaviour of a single class as a finite state machine, transforms the representation into a data flow graph that explicitly identifies the definitions and uses of each state variable of the class, and then applies conventional data flow testing to produce test case specifications that can be used to test the class. This paper extends those ideas to inter-class testing by developing flow graphs, finding paths between pairs of definitions and uses, detecting some infeasible paths and automatically generating tests for an arbitrary number of classes and components. It introduces flexible representations for message sending and receiving among objects and allows concurrency among any or all classes and components. Data flow graphs are stored in a relational database and database queries are used to gather def-use information. This approach is conceptually simple, mathematically precise, quite powerful and general enough to be used for traditional data flow analysis. This testing approach relies on finite state machines, database modelling and processing techniques and algorithms for analysis and traversal of directed graphs. The paper presents empirical results of the approach applied to an automotive system. This work was prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties and is, therefore, a work of the U.S. Government and not subject to copyright. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 George Mason Univ, Informat & Software Engn Dept, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Offutt, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Informat & Software Engn Dept, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. EM offutt@ise.gmu.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-0833 EI 1099-1689 J9 SOFTW TEST VERIF REL JI Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 215 EP 266 DI 10.1002/stvr.340 PG 52 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 124KP UT WOS:000243367000002 ER PT J AU Reitsma, MG Cain, RG Biggs, S Smith, DW AF Reitsma, M. G. Cain, R. G. Biggs, S. Smith, D. W. TI Wear of a single asperity using Lateral Force Microscopy SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lateral (friction) force microscope; friction and wear; Amontons laws; contact mechanics ID SILICA SURFACES; CONTACT AREA; FRICTION; SCALE; CALIBRATION; ADHESION; DEFORMATION; TRANSITION; MODEL; MICA AB This report describes an observation of alternating transitions between linear (Amontons) and non-linear friction-load behavior during Lateral Force Microscope experiments using a silicon tip sliding on a quartz surface. Initially, a transition from linear to non-linear behavior was attributed to nanoscale 'running-in' of the tip to form a single contact junction at the interface. Once this had occurred, a non-linear relationship between friction and applied load was observed during a number of loading and unloading cycles. For higher compressive loads, a further transition to a more linear friction-load behavior was attributed to nanoscale wear in the contact zone. Notably, when applied load was reduced below this 'high-load' transition point, the same non-linear friction-load behavior was again observed, but with a larger (friction per load) magnitude than seen previously. This cycle was repeated five times in these experiments, and each time, switching between non-linear and linear friction-load behavior occurred, along with a progressive increase in friction (per load) each time load was reduced below the transition point. The progressive increase in friction is attributed to an increased area of contact, caused by nanoscale wear at higher applied loads. An increase in tip size was confirmed by tip profiling before and after experiment. By progressively wearing the asperity at higher loads, the (interfacial or true) contact area, A, between the surfaces could be progressively increased, and as a result, a progressive increase in interfacial sliding friction, F-f , was obtained at lower loads (according to F-f = tau A). C1 Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci & Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reitsma, MG (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. EM mark.reitsma@nist.gov RI Biggs, Simon/G-9212-2014 OI Biggs, Simon/0000-0002-8941-1222 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9154-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 111HD UT WOS:000242441100011 ER PT J AU Ridge, KD Marino, JP Ngo, T Ramon, E Brabazon, DM Abdulaev, NG AF Ridge, K. D. Marino, J. P. Ngo, T. Ramon, E. Brabazon, D. M. Abdulaev, N. G. TI NMR analysis of rhodopsin-transducin interactions SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rhodopsin; transducin; NMR; guanine nucleotide; signaling ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; LIGHT-ACTIVATED RHODOPSIN; GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; GTP-GAMMA-S; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; COUPLED RECEPTOR AB Heterotrimeric G-protein activation by an agonist-stimulated G-protein coupled receptor (R*) requires the propagation of structural signals from the receptor interacting surfaces to the guanine nucleotide-binding pocket. Employing high-resolution NMR methods, we are probing heterotrimer-associated and rhodopsin-stimulated changes in an isotope-labeled G-protein alpha-subunit (G(alpha)). A key aspect of the work involves the trapping and interrogation of discrete R*-bound conformations of G(alpha). Our results demonstrate that functionally important changes in G(alpha) structure and dynamics can be detected and characterized by NMR, enabling the generation of robust models for the global and local structural changes accompanying signal transfer from R* to the G-protein. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Membrane Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Ridge, KD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Membrane Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Kevin.D.Ridge@uth.tmc.edu; marino@umbi.umd.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR015744]; NEI NIH HHS [EY013286, EY016493] NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 27 BP 4482 EP 4492 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2006.07.024 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 114OB UT WOS:000242674400008 PM 16979691 ER PT J AU Bosart, LF Seimon, A LaPenta, KD Dickinson, MJ AF Bosart, Lance F. Seimon, Anton LaPenta, Kenneth D. Dickinson, Michael J. TI Supercell tornadogenesis over complex terrain: The Great Barrington, Massachusetts, tornado on 29 May 1995 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; RADAR ANALYSIS; NEW-YORK; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA AB The process of tornadogenesis in complex terrain environments has received relatively little research attention to date. Here, an analysis is presented of a long-lived supercell that became tornadic over complex terrain in association with the Great Barrington, Massachusetts (GBR), F3 tornado of 29 May 1995. The GBR tornado left an almost continuous 50-1000-m-wide damage path that stretched for similar to 50 km. The apparent rarity of significant tornadogenesis in rough terrain from a supercell well documented in operational Doppler radar motivated this case study. Doppler radar observations showed that the GBR supercell possessed a midlevel mesocyclone well prior to tornadogenesis and that the mesocyclone intensified as it crossed the eastern edge of New York's Catskill Mountains and entered the Hudson Valley. Tornadogenesis occurred as the GBR mesocyclone crossed the Hudson Valley and ascended the highlands to the east. Subsequently, the mesocyclone weakened as it approached the Taconic Range in western Massachusetts before it intensified again as it moved downslope into the Housatonic Valley where it was associated with the GBR tornado. Because of a dearth of significant mesoscale surface and upper-air observations, the conclusions and inferences presented in this paper must be necessarily limited and speculative. What data were available suggested that on a day when the mesoscale environment was supportive of supercell thunderstorm development, according to conventional indicators of wind shear and atmospheric stability, topographic configurations and the associated channeling of ambient low-level flows conspired to create local orographic enhancements to tornadogenesis potential. Numerical experimentation is needed to address these inferences, speculative points, and related issues raised by the GBR case study. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. SUNY Albany, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Albany, NY 12222 USA. SUNY Albany, Ctr Environm Sci & Technol Manaement, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Bosart, LF (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM bosart@atmos.albany.edu NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 897 EP 922 DI 10.1175/WAF957.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200001 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, EN Straka, JM Gilmore, MS Davies-Jones, R AF Rasmussen, Erik N. Straka, Jerry M. Gilmore, Matthew S. Davies-Jones, Robert TI A preliminary survey of rear-flank descending reflectivity cores in supercell storms SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID 2 JUNE 1995; GARDEN-CITY; HOOK ECHOES; VORTEX 95; TORNADO; MESOCYCLOGENESIS; KANSAS; CLOUD AB This paper develops a definition of a supercell reflectivity feature called the descending reflectivity core (DRC). This is a reflectivity maximum pendant from the rear side of an echo overhang above a supercell weak-echo region. Examples of supercells with and without DRCs are presented from two days during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment ( VORTEX), as well as one day with tornadic high-precipitation supercell storms in central Kansas. It was found that in all cases, tornado formation was preceded by the descent of a DRC. However, the sample reported herein is much too small to allow conclusions regarding the overall frequency of DRC occurrence in supercells, or the frequency with which DRCs precede tornado formation. Although further research needs to be done to establish climatological frequencies, the apparent relationship observed between DRCs and impending tornado formation in several supercells is important enough to warrant publication of preliminary findings. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Rasmussen, EN (reprint author), POB 267,50742 Bear Run Dr, Mesa, CO 81643 USA. EM ras@ou.edu NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 923 EP 938 DI 10.1175/WAF962.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200002 ER PT J AU Doswell, CA Edwards, R Thompson, RL Hart, JA Crosbie, KC AF Doswell, C. A., III Edwards, R. Thompson, R. L. Hart, J. A. Crosbie, K. C. TI A simple and flexible method for ranking severe weather events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROBABILITY; TORNADOES; OUTBREAK AB The notion of an "outbreak" of severe weather has been used for decades, but has never been formally defined. There are many different criteria by which outbreaks can be defined based on severe weather occurrence data, and there is not likely to be any compelling logic to choose any single criterion as ideal for all purposes. Therefore, a method has been developed that uses multiple variables and allows for considerable flexibility. The technique can be adapted easily to any project that needs to establish a ranking of weather events. The intended use involves isolating the most important tornado outbreak days, as well as important outbreak days of primarily nontornadic severe convective weather, during a period when the number of reports has been growing rapidly from nonmeteorological factors. The method is illustrated for both tornadic and primarily nontornadic severe weather event day cases. The impact of the secular trends in the data has been reduced by a simple detrending scheme. The effect of detrending is less important for the tornado outbreak cases and is illustrated by comparing rankings with and without detrending. It is shown that the resulting rankings are relatively resistant to secular trends in the data, as intended, and not strongly sensitive to the choices made in applying the method. The rankings are also consistent with subjective judgments of the relative importance of historical tornado outbreak cases. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Doswell, CA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK USA. EM cdoswell@gcn.ou.edu RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 939 EP 951 DI 10.1175/WAF959.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200003 ER PT J AU Stuart, NA Grumm, RH AF Stuart, Neil A. Grumm, Richard H. TI Using wind anomalies to forecast east coast winter storms SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; EVENTS AB Forecasting major winter storms is a critical function for all weather services. Conventional modelderived fields from numerical weather prediction models most frequently utilized by operational forecasters, such as pressure level geopotential height, temperature fields, quantitative precipitation forecasts, and model output statistics, are often insufficient to determine whether a winter storm represents a large departure from normal, or has the potential to produce significant snowfall. This paper presents a method, using normalized departures from climatology, to assist forecasters in identifying long-duration and potentially significant winter storms. The focus of this paper is on anomalous low- and upper-level wind anomalies associated with winter storms along the U. S. east coast. Observed and forecast low-level (850 hPa) and upper-level (300 and 250 hPa) easterly wind anomalies are compared with a 30-yr (1961-90) reanalysis climatology. Anomalous easterly low-level winds are correlated with enhanced low- level forcing and frontogenesis. Strong low- level winds can also contribute to enhanced precipitation rates. Upper-level winds that are anomalously below normal, represented as easterly wind anomalies, are also correlated with systems that are cut off from the main belt of westerlies, which may result in slower movement of the system, leading to long-duration events. The proposed method of evaluating easterly wind anomalies is shown to assist in identifying potentially slow-moving storms with extended periods of enhanced precipitation. To illustrate this method, winter storms on 25-26 December 2002 and 2-4 January 2003 will be compared with past historical winter storms. The results suggest that the low- and upper-level wind anomalies in the two recent snowstorms share common characteristics with several record snowstorms over the past 52 yr. Many of these storms were associated with easterly wind anomalies that departed significantly ( 2 or more standard deviations) from normal. The examination of climatic anomalies from model forecasts may assist forecasters in identifying significant winter storms in the short range (2-3 days) and potentially out to ranges as long as 7 days when ensemble forecast guidance is utilized. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Wakefield, VA USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA USA. RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM neil.stuart@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 952 EP 968 DI 10.1175/WAF964.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200004 ER PT J AU Mueller, KJ DeMaria, M Knaff, J Kossin, JP Vonder Haar, TH AF Mueller, Kimberly J. DeMaria, Mark Knaff, John Kossin, James P. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. TI Objective estimation of tropical cyclone wind structure from infrared satellite data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY; IMAGERY; HURRICANES; PROFILES; MODEL; AMSU AB Geostationary infrared (IR) satellite data are used to provide estimates of the symmetric and total low-level wind fields in tropical cyclones, constructed from estimations of an azimuthally averaged radius of maximum wind (RMAX), a symmetric tangential wind speed at a radius of 182 km (V182), a storm motion vector, and the maximum intensity (VMAX). The algorithm is derived using geostationary IR data from 405 cases from 87 tropical systems in the Atlantic and east Pacific Ocean basins during the 1995-2003 hurricane seasons that had corresponding aircraft data available. The algorithm is tested on 50 cases from seven tropical storms and hurricanes during the 2004 season. Aircraft-reconnaissance-measured RMAX and V182 are used as dependent variables in a multiple linear regression technique, and VMAX and the storm motion vector are estimated using conventional methods. Estimates of RMAX and V182 exhibit mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 27.3 km and 6.5 kt, respectively, for the dependent samples. A modified combined Rankine vortex model is used to estimate the one-dimensional symmetric tangential wind field from VMAX, RMAX, and V182. Next, the storm motion vector is added to the symmetric wind to produce estimates of the total wind field. The MAE of the IR total wind retrievals is 10.4 kt, and the variance explained is 53%, when compared with the two-dimensional wind fields from the aircraft data for the independent cases. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS,ORA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS,ORA, W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov RI Kossin, James/D-3929-2011; Vonder Haar, Thomas/F-2048-2011; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; vonderhaar, thomas/N-6724-2015 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; vonderhaar, thomas/0000-0002-1962-7757 NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 990 EP 1005 DI 10.1175/WAF955.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200006 ER PT J AU Hiemstra, CA Liston, GE Pielke, RA Birkenheuer, DL Albers, SC AF Hiemstra, Christopher A. Liston, Glen E. Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Birkenheuer, Daniel L. Albers, Steven C. TI Comparing Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) assimilations with independent observations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DAILY WEATHER VARIABLES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-PLAINS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; WATERSHEDS AB Meteorological forcing data are necessary to drive many of the spatial models used to simulate atmospheric, biological, and hydrological processes. Unfortunately, many domains lack sufficient meteorological data and available point observations are not always suitable or reliable for landscape or regional applications. NOAA's Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) is a meteorological assimilation tool that employs available observations (meteorological networks, radar, satellite, soundings, and aircraft) to generate a spatially distributed, three-dimensional representation of atmospheric features and processes. As with any diagnostic representation, it is important to ascertain how LAPS outputs deviate from a variety of independent observations. A number of surface observations exist that are not used in the LAPS system, and they were employed to assess LAPS surface state variable and precipitation analysis performance during two consecutive years (1 September 2001-31 August 2003). LAPS assimilations accurately depicted temperature and relative humidity values. The ability of LAPS to represent wind speed was satisfactory overall, but accuracy declined with increasing elevation. Last, precipitation estimates performed by LAPS were irregular and reflected inherent difficulties in measuring and estimating precipitation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hiemstra, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hiemstra@cira.colostate.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015; Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1040 DI 10.1175/WAF961.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200008 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Montgomery, MT AF Hendricks, Eric A. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Rapid scan views of convectively generated mesovortices in sheared Tropical Cyclone Gustav (2002) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANES; CYCLOGENESIS; REANALYSIS; ISABEL; CORE AB On 9-10 September 2002, multiple mesovortices were captured in great detail by rapid scan visible satellite imagery in subtropical, then later, Tropical Storm Gustav. These mesovortices were observed as low-level cloud swirls while the low-level structure of the storm was exposed due to vertical shearing. They are shown to form most plausibly via vortex tube stretching associated with deep convection; they become decoupled from the convective towers by vertical shear; they are advected with the low-level circulation; finally they initiate new hot towers on their boundaries. Partial evidence of an axisymmetrizing mesovortex and its hypothesized role in the parent vortex spinup is presented. Observations from the mesoscale and synoptic scale are synthesized to provide a multiscale perspective of the intensification of Gustav that occurred on 10 September. The most important large-scale factors were the concurrent relaxation of the 850-200-hPa-deep layer vertical wind shear from 10-15 to 5-10 ms(-1) and movement over pockets of very warm sea surface temperatures (approximately 29.5 degrees-30.5 degrees C). The mesoscale observations are not sufficient alone to determine the precise role of the deep convection and mesovortices in the intensification. However, qualitative comparisons are made between the mesoscale processes observed in Gustav and recent full-physics and idealized numerical simulations to obtain additional insight. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eric.hendricks@gmail.com NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1175/WAF950.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200009 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Mills, LS Peek, JM AF Hard, Jeffrey J. Mills, L. Scott Peek, James M. TI Genetic implications of reduced survival of male red deer Cervus elaphus under harvest SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; effective population size; elk; fitness; harvest; quantitative genetics ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SEX-RATIO VARIATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; ELK; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB We use simple, multivariate evolutionary models to evaluate the short-term potential for size-selective harvest to reduce genetic variability and alter life history in cervids. These genetic effects limit sustainable levels of harvest of the animals because they determine how changes in sex ratio, generation length and traits contributing to fitness influence population growth rate and local adaptation. Our analysis of harvest-mediated adaptive evolution employs a genetic approach that parameterizes models with empirical data obtained from European red deer Cervus elaphus. The analysis indicates that harvest, if sufficiently high to reduce the breeding ratio of males to females to below about 15: 100, can reduce effective population size to a level that threatens adaptive potential. The reduction in effective size is realized through decreases in both sex ratio of breeders and the age of breeding males. Predicted selective effects of harvest on body size indicates a weak potential to alter most life-history traits over 10 generations under two harvest scenarios; the patterns suggest that current modes of harvest are unlikely to produce substantial life-history changes in red deer over 10 or fewer generations unless the genetic influences on red deer traits are considerably higher than those predicted here. Nevertheless, male reproductive success is expected to decline detectably if male harvest rate is sufficiently high (> 30%). Collectively, our results imply that harvest methods should permit higher post-hunt male:female ratios (18: 100 or higher) and ensure that a sufficient number of larger, older males survive the breeding season. The capacity of selective harvest to alter demography and life history depends heavily on the genetic covariance structure underlying variation in these traits, information that is unknown for many red deer populations. Prudent harvest management should therefore implement and monitor approaches to hunting that aim to conserve life-history variation; meanwhile, use of less selective methods can reduce the risk to long-term adaptive potential and may permit higher sustainable harvest rates. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hard, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.hard@noaa.gov; peek@uidaho.edu RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[427:GIORSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 119SC UT WOS:000243032400010 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Kopycinska-Muller, A Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, MJ AF Hurley, D. C. Kopycinska-Muller, A. Julthongpiput, D. Fasolka, M. J. TI Influence of surface energy and relative humidity on AFM nanomechanical contact stiffness SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); nanomechanics; self-assembled monolayer (SAM) ID FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES AB The effects of surface functionality and relative humidity (RH) on nanomechanical contact stiffness were investigated using atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM), a contact scanned-probe microscopy (SPM) technique. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with controlled surface energy were studied systematically in a controlled-humidity chamber. AFAM amplitude images of a micropatterned, graded-surface-energy SAM sample revealed that image contrast depended on both ambient humidity and surface energy. Quantitative AFAM point measurements indicated that the contact stiffness remained roughly constant for the hydrophobic SAM but increased monotonically for the hydrophilic SAM. To correct for this unphysical behavior, a viscoelastic damping term representing capillary forces between the tip and the SAM was added to the data analysis model. The contact stiffness calculated with this revised model remained constant with RH, while the damping term increased strongly with RH for the hydrophilic SAM. The observed behavior is consistent with previous studies of surface energy and RH behavior using AFM pull-off forces. Our results show that surface and environmental conditions can influence accurate measurements of nanomechanical properties with SPM methods such as AFAM. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov OI Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata/0000-0001-7033-3095 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 3 BP 1274 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.01.072 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 116QS UT WOS:000242818000039 ER PT J AU Osthoff, HD Sommariva, R Baynard, T Pettersson, A Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Roberts, JM Stark, H Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Bates, TS Coffman, D Ravishankara, AR Brown, SS AF Osthoff, Hans D. Sommariva, Roberto Baynard, Tahllee Pettersson, Anders Williams, Eric J. Lerner, Brian M. Roberts, James M. Stark, Harald Goldan, Paul D. Kuster, William C. Bates, Timothy S. Coffman, Derek Ravishankara, A. R. Brown, Steven S. TI Observation of daytime N2O5 in the marine boundary layer during New England Air Quality Study - Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; UPTAKE COEFFICIENTS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; REACTIVE UPTAKE; SULFURIC-ACID; ALPHA-PINENE AB The nitrate radical, NO3, and dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, are key reactive nocturnal nitrogen oxides in the troposphere. The daytime impact of NO3 and N2O5, however, is restricted by photochemical recycling of NO3 to NO2 and O-3. In this paper, we report daytime measurements of N2O5 on board the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown in the Gulf of Maine during the New England Air Quality Study - Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (NEAQS-ITCT) campaign in the summer of 2004. Daytime N2O5 mixing ratios of up to 4 pptv were observed, consistent with predictions from a steady state analysis. Predicted and observed NO3 mixing ratios were below the instrumental detection limit of similar to 1 pptv; the average calculated concentration was 0.09 pptv. Important impacts of daytime NO3 and N2O5 in the marine boundary layer included increased rates of VOC oxidation (in particular dimethyl sulfide) and enhanced NOx to HNO3 conversion, both of which scaled with the available NOx. Smaller effects of daytime NO3 and N2O5 included chemical destruction of O-3 and a shift of the NO2:NO ratio. Because the rates of heterogeneous conversion of N2O5 and NO3 to HNO3 scale with the surface area available for uptake, the importance of daytime fog is discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osthoff, HD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S14 DI 10.1029/2006JD007593 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115NQ UT WOS:000242741400002 ER PT J AU Sierau, B Covert, DS Coffman, DJ Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Sierau, Berko Covert, David S. Coffman, Derek J. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. TI Aerosol optical properties during the 2004 New England Air Quality Study - Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation: Gulf of Maine surface measurements - Regional and case studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; URBAN AEROSOL; SEA-SALT; ART.; SCATTERING; VARIABILITY AB We report results from the 2004 New England Air Quality Study - Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation ( NEAQS-ITCT) based on measurements of aerosol optical properties in the marine boundary layer of the Gulf of Maine. The in situ data collected on board the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown includes extensive properties of aerosol scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, and optical depth at multiple wavelengths in the visible. From these, intensive properties were derived, including the Angstrom exponent of scattering, single scattering albedo, and submicrometer fraction of scattering. The optical particle properties were sorted by time and location on the basis of aerosol source regions and air mass back trajectories. The results indicate a large degree of temporal and spatial variability in the observed parameters: up to 80% in the scattering and absorption coefficients, 55% in the Angstrom exponent, 16% in the single scattering albedo, and 25% in the submicrometer fraction of scattering. The variability is mainly due to the multitude of aerosol sources and transport pathways in the study area. During NEAQS 2004 the mean scattering coefficients were about 20 to 40% lower than those measured during NEAQS 2002 but showed a similar variability. The mean absorption coefficient for the aerosol during NEAQS 2002 was about 80% larger than that measured during NEAQS 2004. The modal parameters of the volume-size distributions and refractive index and density of the particles were consistent with the aerosol models used in the MODIS land and ocean aerosol retrieval algorithms. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sierau, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 ATG Bldg,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bsierau@atmos.washington.edu; dcovert@atmos.washington.edu; derek.coffman@noaa.gov; patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov; tim.bates@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S37 DI 10.1029/2006JD007568 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115NQ UT WOS:000242741400001 ER PT J AU McGivern, WS Manion, JA Tsang, W AF McGivern, W. Sean Manion, Jeffrey A. Tsang, Wing TI Ring-expansion reactions in the thermal decomposition of tert-butyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; PROPARGYL RADICALS; MASTER EQUATION; GAS-PHASE; KINETICS; METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENE; RECOMBINATION; CYCLOPENTADIENE; HEPTA-1,6-DIENE; HYDROCARBONS AB The thermal decomposition of tert-butyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene has been investigated in single-pulse shock-tube studies at shock pressures of 182-260 kPa and temperatures of 996-1127 K. Isobutene (2-methylpropene), 1,3-cyclopentadiene, and toluene were observed as the major stable products in the thermolysis of dilute mixtures of the substrate in the presence of a free-radical scavenger. Hydrogen atoms were also inferred to be a primary product of the decomposition and could be quantitatively determined on the basis of products derived from the free-radical scavenger. Of particular interest is the formation of toluene, which involves the expansion of the ring from a five- to a six-membered system. The overall reaction mechanism is suggested to include isomerization of the starting material; a molecular elimination channel; and C-C bond fission reactions, with toluene formation occurring via radical intermediates formed in the latter pathway. These radical intermediates are analogous to those believed to be important in soot formation reactions occurring during combustion. Molecular and thermodynamic properties of key species were determined from G3MP2B3 quantum chemistry calculations and are reported. The temperature dependence of the product spectrum was fit with a detailed chemical kinetic model, and best-fit kinetic parameters were derived using a Nelder-Mead simplex minimization algorithm. Our mechanism and rate constants are consistent with and provide experimental support for the H-atom-assisted routes to the conversion of fulvene to benzene that have been proposed in the literature on the basis of theoretical investigations. C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGivern, WS (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.mcgivern@nist.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 47 BP 12822 EP 12831 DI 10.1021/jp0633695 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 109HM UT WOS:000242298800014 PM 17125296 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Landi, BJ Mandelbaum, I Simpson, JR Bajpai, V Bauer, BJ Migler, K Walker, ARH Raffaelle, R Hobbie, EK AF Fagan, J. A. Landi, B. J. Mandelbaum, I. Simpson, J. R. Bajpai, V. Bauer, B. J. Migler, K. Walker, A. R. Hight Raffaelle, R. Hobbie, E. K. TI Comparative measures of single-wall carbon nanotube dispersion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SUSPENSIONS AB Model composites of DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes in poly(acrylic acid) are used to evaluate metrics of nanotube dispersion. By varying the pH of the precursor solutions, we introduce a controlled deviation from ideal behavior. On the basis of small-angle neutron scattering, changes in near-infrared fluorescence intensity are strongly correlated with dispersion, while optical absorption spectroscopy and resonant Raman scattering are less definitive. Our results represent the first systematic comparison of currently accepted measures of nanotube dispersion. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov; erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 25 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 47 BP 23801 EP 23805 DI 10.1021/jp0647434 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 109HA UT WOS:000242297500029 PM 17125343 ER PT J AU BenMoussa, A Theissen, A Scholze, F Hochedez, JF Schule, U Schmutz, W Haenen, K Stockman, Y Soltani, A McMullin, D Vest, RE Kroth, U Laubis, C Richter, M Mortet, V Gissot, S Delouille, V Dominique, M Koller, S Halain, JP Remes, Z Petersen, R D'Olieslaeger, M Defise, JM AF BenMoussa, A. Theissen, A. Scholze, F. Hochedez, J. F. Schuehle, U. Schmutz, W. Haenen, K. Stockman, Y. Soltani, A. McMullin, D. Vest, R. E. Kroth, U. Laubis, C. Richter, M. Mortet, V. Gissot, S. Delouille, V. Dominique, M. Koller, S. Halain, J. P. Remes, Z. Petersen, R. D'Olieslaeger, M. Defise, J. -M TI Performance of diamond detectors for VUV applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL Wildbad Kreuth, GERMANY SP iseg Spezialelektronik GmbH, Micron Semiconduc Ltd, PNSensor GmbH, XIA LLC DE UV detectors; diamond; solar-blind photodetector ID RADIATION DETECTORS; BESSY-II; PHOTODIODES; RADIOMETER; LYRA; PTB AB We report on experimental results with photodetectors made of diamond. the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA), will use such detectors for the first time for a solar physics space instrument. A (LYRA) set of measurement campaigns was carried out to obtain their XUV-to-VIS characterization (responsivity, linearity, stability, homogeneity). The responsivity has been measured from the XUV to the NIR, in the wavelength range 1-1127 nm (i.e. 1240-1.1 eV). The diamond detectors exhibit a photoresponse varying in the 40-75 mA/W range at 7 nm and demonstrate a visible rejection ratio (200 versus 500 nm) larger than four orders of magnitude. We show that diamond photodetectors are sensitive sensors for VUV photons, stable within a few percent, with a good linearity and moderate homogeneity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Inst Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Inst Mat Res, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMEC VZW, Div IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP BenMoussa, A (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Circular Ave 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM ali.benmoussa@oma.be RI Richter, Mathias/A-2995-2011; Haenen, Ken/G-8783-2011; Mortet, Vincent/G-6180-2014; Remes, Zdenek/G-9420-2014; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Haenen, Ken/0000-0001-6711-7367; Remes, Zdenek/0000-0002-3512-9256; Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 568 IS 1 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.06.007 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 115NZ UT WOS:000242742300065 ER PT J AU German, CR Baker, ET Connelly, DP Lupton, JE Resing, J Prien, RD Walker, SL Edmonds, HN Langmuir, CH AF German, C. R. Baker, E. T. Connelly, D. P. Lupton, J. E. Resing, J. Prien, R. D. Walker, S. L. Edmonds, H. N. Langmuir, C. H. TI Hydrothermal exploration of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center and the Northeast Lau Spreading Center SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; exploration; Lau Basin; SW Pacific; marine geology and geophysics : hydrothermal systems; geochemistry : marine geochemistry; oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; INDIAN RIDGE; OXIDATION-KINETICS; PLUMES; VENT; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BASIN; FIELD; FIJI; VARIABILITY AB [ 1] We report evidence for active hydrothermal venting along two back-arc spreading centers of the NE Lau Basin: the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center (FRSC) and the Northeast Lau Spreading Center (NELSC). The ridge segments investigated here are of particular interest as the potential source of a mid-water hydrothermal plume ( 1500 - 2000 m depth) which extends more than 2000 km across the SW Pacific Ocean dispersing away from an apparent origin close to the most northeastern limits of the Lau Basin. Our results indicate the presence of at least four new hydrothermal plume sources, three along the FRSC and one on the NELSC, the latter situated within 150 km of the maximum for the previously identified SW Pacific regional-scale plume. However, TDFe and TDMn concentrations in the southernmost FRSC plume that we have identified only reach values of 19 and 13 nmol/L and dissolved (3)He anomalies in the same plume are also small, both in relation to the SW Pacific plume and to local background, which shows evidence for extensive 3 He enrichment throughout the entire Lau Basin water column. Our results reveal no evidence for a single major point hydrothermal source anywhere in the NE Lau Basin. Instead, we conclude that the regional-scale SW Pacific hydrothermal plume most probably results from the cumulative hydrothermal output of the entire topographically restricted Lau Basin, discharging via its NE-most corner. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Inst Osteeforsch Warnemunde, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP German, CR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cgerman@whoi.edu RI Prien, Ralf/A-2062-2010 OI Prien, Ralf/0000-0003-3014-792X NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q11022 DI 10.1029/2006GC001324 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115MH UT WOS:000242737900001 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Heckel, A McKeen, SA Frost, GJ Hsie, EY Trainer, MK Richter, A Burrows, JP Peckham, SE Grell, GA AF Kim, S. -W. Heckel, A. McKeen, S. A. Frost, G. J. Hsie, E. -Y. Trainer, M. K. Richter, A. Burrows, J. P. Peckham, S. E. Grell, G. A. TI Satellite-observed US power plant NOx emission reductions and their impact on air quality SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE; CHEMISTRY; SPACE AB Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion lead to unhealthy levels of near-surface ozone (O-3). One of the largest U. S. sources, electric power generation, represented about 25% of the U. S. anthropogenic NOx emissions in 1999. Here we show that space-based instruments observed declining regional NOx levels between 1999 and 2005 in response to the recent implementation of pollution controls by utility companies in the eastern U. S. Satellite-retrieved summertime nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and bottom-up emission estimates show larger decreases in the Ohio River Valley, where power plants dominate NOx emissions, than in the northeast U. S. urban corridor. Model simulations predict lower O-3 across much of the eastern U. S. in response to these emission reductions. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Bremen, Inst Remote Sensing, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R-CSD4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; NR 16 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22812 DI 10.1029/2006GL027749 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115MP UT WOS:000242738700003 ER PT J AU Dee, D Pencer, J Nieh, MP Krueger, S Katsaras, J Yada, RY AF Dee, Derek Pencer, Jeremy Nieh, Mu-Ping Krueger, Susan Katsaras, John Yada, Rickey Y. TI Comparison of solution structures and stabilities of native, partially unfolded and partially refolded pepsin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PORCINE PEPSIN; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; KINETIC STABILITY; PICHIA-PASTORIS; SWINE PEPSIN AB A zymogen-derived protein, pepsin, appears to be incapable of folding to the native state without the presence of the prosegment. To better understand the nature of the irreversible denaturation of pepsin, the present study reports on the characterization of the stability and low-resolution tertiary and secondary structures of native, alkaline unfolded and acid refolded porcine pepsin. Through a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), CD, and DSC, acid refolded pepsin (Rp) was shown to have secondary and tertiary structures intermediate between the alkaline denatured and native forms but was found to be thermodynamically stable relative to the native state. It was also observed that the acid refolded state of pepsin was dependent on the protein concentration during refolding because CD and SANS data revealed that both the secondary and tertiary structures of concentrated-refolded pepsin (> 10 mg/mL) (CRp) were native-like, in contrast to the intermediate nature of Rp, refolded under dilute concentration (< 10 mg/mL). Despite a native-like conformation, CRp was more stable and had substantially reduced activity compared to that of the native state, suggesting that the protein was misfolded. It is proposed that the stable but misfolded, acid-refolded states are evidence that pepsin in its native conformation was metastable. Furthermore, the disruption of the active site cleft in the denatured states could be discerned by modeling of the SANS data. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, NRC, SIMS, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Phys, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Guelph, Biophys Interdept Grp, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Yada, RY (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM ryada@uoguelph.ca RI Yada, Rickey/A-8289-2013; OI Pencer, Jeremy/0000-0002-1796-0230; Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 47 BP 13982 EP 13992 DI 10.1021/bi061270i PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 107NU UT WOS:000242179100006 PM 17115693 ER PT J AU McGruder, BM Atha, DH Wang, W Huppi, K Wei, WQ Abnet, CC Qiao, YL Dawsey, SM Taylor, PR Jakupciak, JP AF McGruder, Brenna M. Atha, Donald H. Wang, Wendy Huppi, Konrad Wei, Wen-Qiang Abnet, Christian C. Qiao, You-Lin Dawsey, Sanford M. Taylor, Philip R. Jakupciak, John P. TI Real-time telomerase assay of less-invasively collected esophageal cell samples SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE real-time TRAP; telomerase activity; diagnostics; biomarkers; telomerase candidate reference material; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; esophageal balloon cytology ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SQUAMOUS DYSPLASIA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CANCER PREVENTION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION; TUMOR; CHINA; PROLIFERATION AB Genomic and proteomic efforts have discovered a complex list of biomarkers that identify human disease, stratify risk of disease within populations, and monitor drug or therapy responses for treatment. Attention is needed to characterize these biomarkers and to develop high-throughput technologies to evaluate their accuracy and precision. Telomerase activity is correlated with tumor progression, indicating cells that express telomerase possess aggressive clinical behavior and that telomerase activity could be a clinically important cancer biomarker. Traditionally, the detection of cancer has involved invasive procedures to procure samples. There is a need for less invasive approaches suitable for population- and clinic-based assays for cancer early detection. Esophageal balloon cytology (EBC) is a low-invasive screening technique, which samples superficial epithelial cells from the esophagus. Since telomerase activity is absent in superficial cells of normal esophageal squamous epithelium but is often present in superficial cells from dysplastic lesions and ESCCs, measuring telomerase activity in EBC samples may be a good way to screen for these lesions. The development of rapid real-time telomerase activity assays raises the possibility of extending such screening to high-risk populations. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using rapid Real-Time Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (RTTRAP) for the analysis of NIST telomerase candidate reference material and esophageal clinical samples. The telomerase activity of eight EBC samples was also measured by capillary electrophoresis of RTTRAP products, RApidTRAP, and hTERT mRINIA RT-PCR assays. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the RTTRAP assay in EBC samples and suggest that individuals from high-risk populations can be screened for telomerase activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Ctr Adv Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Canc, Dept Canc Epidemiol, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. RP Jakupciak, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johnj@nist.gov RI Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 FU CCR NIH HHS [N01-RC-91019]; Intramural NIH HHS NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 244 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.012 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 118OR UT WOS:000242952100013 PM 16569479 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Juenger, MCG AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Juenger, Maria C. Garci TI Hydration of tricalcium silicate: Effects of CaCl2 and sucrose on reaction kinetics and product formation SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PORTLAND-CEMENT; DICALCIUM SILICATE; PASTES AB The effects of CaCl2 and sucrose on the hydration of monoclinic and triclinic tricalcium silicate were studied using quasielastic neutron scattering and calorimetry. Aside from acceleration and retardation, other effects on the reaction were revealed including changes to the rate constant and the type and amount of hydration product. These effects were measured in terms of specific kinetic parameters for the first time. The phenomenon of "delayed acceleration" caused by sucrose is attributed to the solubilization of the silicate species. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM v.peterson@chem.usyd.edu.au NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 24 BP 5798 EP 5804 DI 10.1021/cm061724y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 107NW UT WOS:000242179300029 ER PT J AU Schofield, R Johnston, PV Thomas, A Kreher, K Connor, BJ Wood, S Shooter, D Chipperfield, MP Richter, A von Glasow, R Rodgers, CD AF Schofield, R. Johnston, P. V. Thomas, A. Kreher, K. Connor, B. J. Wood, S. Shooter, D. Chipperfield, M. P. Richter, A. von Glasow, R. Rodgers, C. D. TI Tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Arrival Heights, Antarctica, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SURFACE OZONE DEPLETION; ZENITH-SKY SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; POLAR SUNRISE; INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE AB [1] Spectroscopic measurements of BrO using direct sun and zenith sky viewing geometries are combined in an optimal estimation retrieval algorithm to obtain tropospheric and stratospheric columns of BrO. Twenty-two twilight periods are investigated over Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E) during the polar spring period of 2002. This paper presents the first tropospheric and stratospheric BrO column retrievals from UV-visible ground-based measurements for a polar location. A direct comparison is made between stratospheric columns retrieved at 80 degrees, 84 degrees, and 88 degrees solar zenith angles (SZA) from the spectroscopic measurements and those calculated by the SLIMCAT three-dimensional chemical transport model. The ground-based column BrO observations are consistent with a SLIMCAT stratospheric Br-y loading of 21.2 parts per trillion at 20 km. SLIMCAT reproduces the observed sunrise column BrO increase but does not match the sunset observations, which display less variation. The significant warming of the Antarctic polar stratosphere in 2002 led to highly variable stratospheric columns being observed. The observed column BrO decreased with the transition from vortex to extravortex air on 21 September but did not change much following the return of the vortex on 12 October. For the tropospheric column, an almost normal distribution consistent with a "background'' of 0.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(13) molecules cm(-2) is observed from the ground (80 degrees, 84 degrees, and 88 degrees for both sunrise and sunset). A statistically significant "bromine explosion'' event (at the 2 sigma level) was detected at the end of October with a tropospheric column of 1.8 +/- 0.1 x 10(13) molecules cm(-2). The measured tropospheric columns are compared with the tropospheric Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry-Max Planck Institute for Chemistry version model. The tropospheric BrO sunrise column observations can only be explained with an additional bromine source other than decomposition of CH3Br and downward transport of long-lived bromine from the stratosphere. A comparison with the spaceborne Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) found the total columns observed from the ground to be 16-25% smaller than the total columns observed by GOME for SZAs between 80 degrees and 88 degrees. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Phys, Omakau 9182, Cent Otago, New Zealand. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Expt Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Schofield, R (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM robyn.schofield@noaa.gov RI Schofield, Robyn/A-4062-2010; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; von Glasow, Roland/E-2125-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013 OI Schofield, Robyn/0000-0002-4230-717X; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; von Glasow, Roland/0000-0002-3944-2784; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22310 DI 10.1029/2005JD007022 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115NI UT WOS:000242740600001 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Kang, S Prabhu, VM Lin, EK Satija, SK Turnquest, K Wu, WL AF Vogt, Bryan D. Kang, Shuhui Prabhu, Vivek M. Lin, Eric K. Satija, Sushil K. Turnquest, Karen Wu, Wen-li TI Measurements of the reaction-diffusion front of model chemically amplified photoresists with varying photoacid size SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; DEEP-ULTRAVIOLET RESISTS; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; ACID DIFFUSION; AMPLIFICATION RESISTS; KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE; COMPONENTS; RESINS AB Neutron reflectivity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements are used to profile the deprotection reaction-diffusion front with nanometer resolution in a model photoresist polymer using three perfluoroalkane-based photoacid generators (PAG) with varying chain lengths. As expected, the spatial extent of the deprotection reaction front increases with decreasing PAG size. Although the total extent of deprotection increases with increasing postexposure bake time for each PAG, the reaction-diffusion of deprotection does not propagate continuously into the photoresist polymer. The form of the deprotection reaction front changes because the diffusion process is affected by the changing polymer composition. The data are well described by a reaction-diffusion model that includes a simple acid-trapping term and does not require a varying PAG diffusivity. This high-resolution profiling, together with modeling, illustrates details of the coupled diffusion and deprotection reaction processes that affect lithographic performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 24 BP 8311 EP 8317 DI 10.1021/ma061209l PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 107OK UT WOS:000242180700019 ER PT J AU Bratschitsch, R Chen, Z Cundiff, ST Zhukov, EA Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Karczewski, G Wojtowicz, T Kossut, J AF Bratschitsch, R. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. Zhukov, E. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Karczewski, G. Wojtowicz, T. Kossut, J. TI Electron spin coherence in n-doped CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION AB The spin coherence of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at different densities in CdTe/Cd0.85Mg0.15Te quantum wells has been examined by the time-resolved Kerr rotation technique using resonant excitation of either trions or excitons. The formation of negatively charged trions, either excited resonantly or via exciton states, causes strong spin polarization of the 2DEG. This effect leads to a long lasting exponential decay in the nanosecond regime. Spin dephasing times T-2(*) of the 2DEG measured as a function of electron density up to 2.4x10(11) cm(-2) show a nonmonotonic behavior with a maximum at 8x10(10) cm(-2). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Bratschitsch, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rudolf.bratschitsch@uni-konstanz.de RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/C-9027-2009; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/0000-0002-2368-2548; NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 221113 DI 10.1063/1.2397552 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500013 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, V Muzny, C Dong, Q Marsh, KN Dymond, JH Wakeham, WA Stein, SE Konigsberger, E Goodwin, ARH Magee, JW Thijssen, M Haynes, WM Watanasiri, S Satyro, M Schmidt, M Johns, AI Hardin, GR AF Frenkel, M. Chirico, R. D. Diky, V. Muzny, C. Dong, Q. Marsh, K. N. Dymond, J. H. Wakeham, W. A. Stein, S. E. Konigsberger, E. Goodwin, A. R. H. Magee, J. W. Thijssen, M. Haynes, W. M. Watanasiri, S. Satyro, M. Schmidt, M. Johns, A. I. Hardin, G. R. TI New global communication process in thermodynamics: Impact on quality of published experimental data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; XML-BASED APPROACH; DATA COMPILATIONS; BINARY-MIXTURES; STORAGE; THERMOML; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTIES; SOFTWARE; MODELS AB Thermodynamic data are a key resource in the search for new relationships between properties of chemical systems that constitutes the basis of the scientific discovery process. In addition, thermodynamic information is critical for development and improvement of all chemical process technologies. Historically, peer-reviewed journals are the major source of this information obtained by experimental measurement or prediction. Technological advances in measurement science have propelled enormous growth in the scale of published thermodynamic data (almost doubling every 10 years). This expansion has created new challenges in data validation at all stages of the data delivery process. Despite the peer-review process, problems in data validation have led, in many instances, to publication of data that are grossly erroneous and, at times, inconsistent with the fundamental laws of nature. This article describes a new global data communication process in thermodynamics and its impact in addressing these challenges as well as in streamlining the delivery of the thermodynamic data from "data producers" to "data users". We believe that the prolific growth of scientific data in numerous and diverse fields outside thermodynamics, together with the demonstrated effectiveness and versatility of the process described in this article, will foster development of such processes in other scientific fields. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Murdoch Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. Elsevier BV, Phys & Theoret Chem, NL-1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Aspen Technol Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Virtual Mat Grp Inc, Calgary, AB T3G 2S1, Canada. FIZ CHEMIE Berlin, Software Dev, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. TUV NEL Ltd, Oil Gas & Chem Div, E Kilbride G75 0QU, Lanark, Scotland. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Thijssen, Michiel/0000-0003-3072-8062 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2487 EP 2493 DI 10.1021/ci600208f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 109HF UT WOS:000242298100027 PM 17125189 ER PT J AU Estrada, E Uriarte, E Molina, E Simon-Manso, Y Milne, GWA AF Estrada, Ernesto Uriarte, Eugenio Molina, Enrique Simon-Manso, Yamil Milne, George W. A. TI An integrated in silico analysis of drug-binding to human serum albumin SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID EDGE-ADJACENCY MATRIX; TOPOLOGICAL MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS; SPECTRAL MOMENTS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; LIGAND-BINDING; PREDICTION; MODELS; GRAPHS; AFFINITY; PARAMETERS AB Approaches such as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) and molecular modeling are integrated with the study of complex networks to understand drug binding to human serum albumin (HSA). A robust QSAR model using the topological substructural molecular descriptors/design (TOPS-MODE) approach has been derived and shows good predictability and interpretability in terms of structural contribution to drug binding to HSA. A perfect agreement exists between the group/fragment contributions found by TOPS-MODE and the specific interactions of drugs with HSA. These results indicate a preponderant contribution of hydrophobic regions of drugs to the specific binding to drug-binding sites 1 and 2 in HSA and specific roles of polar groups which anchor drugs to HSA binding sites. The occurrence of fragments contributing to drug binding to HSA can be represented by complex networks. The fragment-to-fragment complex network displays "small-world" and "scale-free" characteristics and in this way is similar to other complex networks including biological, social, and technological networks. A small number of fragments appear very frequently in most drugs. These molecular "empathic" fragments are good candidates for guiding future drug discovery research. C1 Complex Syst Res Grp, Xrays Unit, Santiago De Compostela 15982, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Organ Chem, Santiago De Compostela 15982, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, INEST Grp, PM USA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Chem, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Estrada, E (reprint author), Complex Syst Res Grp, Xrays Unit, Edificio CACTUS, Santiago De Compostela 15982, Spain. EM estrada66@yahoo.com RI Estrada, Ernesto/D-1620-2011; Uriarte, Eugenio/F-5691-2012 OI Estrada, Ernesto/0000-0002-3066-7418; Uriarte, Eugenio/0000-0001-6218-2899 NR 63 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2709 EP 2724 DI 10.1021/ci600274f PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 109HF UT WOS:000242298100049 PM 17125211 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FH AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong TI Radiance assimilation in studying Hurricane Katrina SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) scheme released in June 2006 from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are used in this study for improving hurricane analysis. In addition to incorporating observations from conventional instruments and from operational satellites, Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) measurements are assimilated through GSI. A "control-run'' using current NCEP analysis field and a "test-run'' using additional SSMIS data are compared. The error in forecasting the hurricane center after 30-hour grew up dramatically for the control-run while the error for the test-run remains stable for the entire 48-hour forecasting. The forecasting surface minimum pressure and maximum wind speed from the test-run generally agree with observations better. Results for the test-run also showed that the warm core at 200 hPa is strengthened and extended as Hurricane Katrina was developing toward its mature stage, which is consistent with SSMIS observations. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 7042, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22811 DI 10.1029/2006GL027543 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 110HD UT WOS:000242368200003 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Peck, AM Kucklick, JR Sander, LC AF Dodder, Nathan G. Peck, Aaron M. Kucklick, John R. Sander, Lane C. TI Analysis of hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers and enantiomers by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: Chromatographic selectivity and ionization matrix effects SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE hexabromocyclododecane; flame retardant; shape selectivity; matrix effects; racemic internal standards ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ISOMERS; SUPPRESSION; HBCD; SEA AB Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a flame retardant that is undergoing environmental risk assessment. The liquid chromatographic retention and electrospray ionization matrix effects were investigated for HBCD methods of analysis for environmental matrices. Column selectivity towards HBCD diastereomers was evaluated for C-30 and C-18 stationary phases under different mobile phase conditions and column temperatures. The HBCD elution order was dependent on the shape selectivity of the stationary phase and the mobile phase composition. Greater resolution, on columns with reduced shape selectivity, of beta-HBCD and gamma-HBCD was achieved with the use of an acetonitrile/water (compared with a methanol/water) mobile phase composition. A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESl-MS/MS) method for the analysis of HBCD in biological tissues was evaluated for potential matrix effects. The influence of extracted matrix components on HBCD diastereomer and enantiomer analysis was investigated using a postextraction addition approach. Although the analysis of HBCD diastereomers was relatively unaffected by the sample matrix, the responses of the HBCD enantiomers in tissue samples were significantly influenced by matrix effects and other changes to the ionization conditions. The use of racemic C-13-labeled HBCD diastereomers as internal standards for enantiomer fraction measurements corrected for the changes in the mass spectrometer response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Dodder, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.dodder@nist.gov RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 1135 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.024 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 106VP UT WOS:000242130400006 PM 17014861 ER PT J AU Satija, II Dakin, DC Clark, CW AF Satija, Indubala I. Dakin, Daniel C. Clark, Charles W. TI Metal-insulator transition revisited for cold atoms in non-Abelian gauge potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB We discuss the possibility of realizing metal-insulator transitions with ultracold atoms in two-dimensional optical lattices in the presence of artificial gauge potentials. For Abelian gauges, such transitions occur when the magnetic flux penetrating the lattice plaquette is an irrational multiple of the magnetic flux quantum. Here we present the first study of these transitions for non-Abelian U(2) gauge fields. In contrast to the Abelian case, the spectrum and localization transition in the non-Abelian case is strongly influenced by atomic momenta. In addition to determining the localization boundary, the momentum fragments the spectrum. Other key characteristics of the non-Abelian case include the absence of localization for certain states and satellite fringes around the Bragg peaks in the momentum distribution and an interesting possibility that the transition can be tuned by the atomic momenta. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Satija, II (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 21 AR 216401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.216401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 108DG UT WOS:000242219900027 PM 17155755 ER PT J AU Aldener, M Brown, SS Stark, H Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Quinn, PK Bates, TS Fehsenfeld, FC Ravishankara, AR AF Aldener, Mattias Brown, Steven S. Stark, Harald Williams, Eric J. Lerner, Brian M. Kuster, William C. Goldan, Paul D. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. Fehsenfeld, Frederick C. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Reactivity and loss mechanisms of NO3 and N2O5 in a polluted marine environment: Results from in situ measurements during New England Air Quality Study 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LONG-TERM OBSERVATION; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; NITRATE RADICALS; PEROXY-RADICALS; GASEOUS N2O5; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB Concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 were measured using an in situ instrument aboard the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown in the marine boundary layer along the United States east coast as part of the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in the summer of 2002. We analyze the results in terms of the loss partitioning and sink budgets for both of these compounds. Analysis of the data on nights with large N2O5 losses allowed for a determination of its heterogeneous uptake coefficient and gave gamma(N2O5) = 0.03 +/- 0.02. Reactions of NO3 with terrestrially emitted biogenic volatile organic compounds (isoprene and monoterpenes), advected into the marine boundary layer, and with DMS emitted from the ocean surface were also important. In general, loss of NO3 and N2O5 was rapid, and the partitioning between NO3 and N2O5 losses was roughly equal. Because rapid N2O5 loss consumes NOx at twice the rate of the reaction of NO2 with O-3, whereas rapid NO3 loss leads to NOx removal at the same rate, the equal partitioning of losses indicates a nocturnal NOx loss rate of approximately 1.5 times the rate of NO2 + O-3. Activation of halogens from the uptake of NO3 and N2O5 on sea salt was calculated to have produced substantial amounts of active Cl on some mornings through the nocturnal formation and sunrise photolysis of ClNO2 if the process proceeded at the rate determined by laboratory studies. However, there was no direct observational evidence to test the magnitude of the predicted source. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Aldener, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, R-CSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 53 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S73 DI 10.1029/2006JD007252 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HK UT WOS:000242368900001 ER PT J AU Eyring, V Butchart, N Waugh, DW Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Bekki, S Bodeker, GE Boville, BA Bruhl, C Chipperfield, MP Cordero, E Dameris, M Deushi, M Fioletov, VE Frith, SM Garcia, RR Gettelman, A Giorgetta, MA Grewe, V Jourdain, L Kinnison, DE Mancini, E Manzini, E Marchand, M Marsh, DR Nagashima, T Newman, PA Nielsen, JE Pawson, S Pitari, G Plummer, DA Rozanov, E Schraner, M Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Stolarski, RS Struthers, H Tian, W Yoshiki, M AF Eyring, V. Butchart, N. Waugh, D. W. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Bekki, S. Bodeker, G. E. Boville, B. A. Bruehl, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Cordero, E. Dameris, M. Deushi, M. Fioletov, V. E. Frith, S. M. Garcia, R. R. Gettelman, A. Giorgetta, M. A. Grewe, V. Jourdain, L. Kinnison, D. E. Mancini, E. Manzini, E. Marchand, M. Marsh, D. R. Nagashima, T. Newman, P. A. Nielsen, J. E. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Rozanov, E. Schraner, M. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Stolarski, R. S. Struthers, H. Tian, W. Yoshiki, M. TI Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; GRAVITY-WAVE-DRAG; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY AB Simulations of the stratosphere from thirteen coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are evaluated to provide guidance for the interpretation of ozone predictions made by the same CCMs. The focus of the evaluation is on how well the fields and processes that are important for determining the ozone distribution are represented in the simulations of the recent past. The core period of the evaluation is from 1980 to 1999 but long-term trends are compared for an extended period (1960-2004). Comparisons of polar high-latitude temperatures show that most CCMs have only small biases in the Northern Hemisphere in winter and spring, but still have cold biases in the Southern Hemisphere spring below 10 hPa. Most CCMs display the correct stratospheric response of polar temperatures to wave forcing in the Northern, but not in the Southern Hemisphere. Global long-term stratospheric temperature trends are in reasonable agreement with satellite and radiosonde observations. Comparisons of simulations of methane, mean age of air, and propagation of the annual cycle in water vapor show a wide spread in the results, indicating differences in transport. However, for around half the models there is reasonable agreement with observations. In these models the mean age of air and the water vapor tape recorder signal are generally better than reported in previous model intercomparisons. Comparisons of the water vapor and inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) fields also show a large intermodel spread. Differences in tropical water vapor mixing ratios in the lower stratosphere are primarily related to biases in the simulated tropical tropopause temperatures and not transport. The spread in Cly, which is largest in the polar lower stratosphere, appears to be primarily related to transport differences. In general the amplitude and phase of the annual cycle in total ozone is well simulated apart from the southern high latitudes. Most CCMs show reasonable agreement with observed total ozone trends and variability on a global scale, but a greater spread in the ozone trends in polar regions in spring, especially in the Arctic. In conclusion, despite the wide range of skills in representing different processes assessed here, there is sufficient agreement between the majority of the CCMs and the observations that some confidence can be placed in their predictions. C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris, France. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. Met Off, Climate Res Div, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmospher, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ouranos Consortium, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. Observ World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de RI Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Grewe, Volker/A-6147-2011; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; OI Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Grewe, Volker/0000-0002-8012-6783; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956 NR 124 TC 289 Z9 297 U1 10 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22308 DI 10.1029/2006JD007327 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HH UT WOS:000242368600008 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Marchewka, M Bertman, SB Goldan, P Kuster, W de Gouw, J Warneke, C Williams, E Lerner, B Murphy, P Apel, E Fehsenfeld, FC AF Roberts, James M. Marchewka, Mathew Bertman, Steven B. Goldan, Paul Kuster, William de Gouw, Joost Warneke, Carsten Williams, Eric Lerner, Brian Murphy, Paul Apel, Eric Fehsenfeld, Fred C. TI Analysis of the isoprene chemistry observed during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002 intensive experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; PEROXYCARBOXYLIC NITRIC ANHYDRIDES; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; 1999 SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; REGIONAL OZONE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ALKYL NITRATES AB Isoprene and its first and second generation photochemical products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride (MPAN), were measured off the coast of New England during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) on board the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown. The results of these measurements were analyzed using a simple sequential reaction model that has been used previously to examine regional oxidant chemistry. The highest isoprene impact was observed in air masses that had passed over an area of high isoprene emission WSW of Boston. The relative concentrations of isoprene and its first generation products show that the photochemistry is consistently "older'' than the isoprene photochemistry observed at continental sites. The sequential reaction model was also applied to the aldehyde-PANs (Peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydride) system, and the resulting PPN (peroxypropionic nitric anhydride)/propanal and PAN (peroxyacetic nitric anhydride)/acetaldehyde relationships were consistent with additional sources of PAN in this environment, e. g., isoprene photochemistry. This isoprene source was estimated to result in approximately 1.6 to 4 times more PAN in this environment relative to that produced from anthropogenic VOCs (volatile organic compounds) alone. C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S12 DI 10.1029/2006JD007570 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HK UT WOS:000242368900002 ER PT J AU Stohl, A Andrews, E Burkhart, JF Forster, C Herber, A Hoch, SW Kowal, D Lunder, C Mefford, T Ogren, JA Sharma, S Spichtinger, N Stebel, K Stone, R Strom, J Torseth, K Wehrli, C Yttri, KE AF Stohl, A. Andrews, E. Burkhart, J. F. Forster, C. Herber, A. Hoch, S. W. Kowal, D. Lunder, C. Mefford, T. Ogren, J. A. Sharma, S. Spichtinger, N. Stebel, K. Stone, R. Strom, J. Torseth, K. Wehrli, C. Yttri, K. E. TI Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; BLACK CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SATELLITE DETECTION; TRANSPORT MODEL; SEA-ICE; ART.; SOOT; ABSORPTION; WILDFIRES AB During summer of 2004, about 2.7 million hectare of boreal forest burned in Alaska, the largest annual area burned on record, and another 3.1 million hectare burned in Canada. This study explores the impact of emissions from these fires on light absorbing aerosol concentration levels, aerosol optical depths (AOD), and albedo at the Arctic stations Barrow (Alaska), Alert (Canada), Summit (Greenland), and Zeppelin/Ny Alesund on Spitsbergen (Norway). The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was run backward from these sites to identify periods that were influenced by forest fire pollution plumes. It is shown that the fires led to enhanced values of particle light absorption coefficients (sigma(ap)) at all of these sites. Barrow, about 1000 km away from the fires, was affected by several fire pollution plumes, one leading to spectacularly high 3-hour mean sigma(ap) values of up to 32 Mm(-1), more than the highest values measured in Arctic Haze. AOD measurements for a wavelength of 500 nm saturated but were estimated at above 4-5 units, unprecedented in the station records. Fire plumes were transported through the atmospheric column over Summit continuously for 2 months, during which all measured AOD values were enhanced, with maxima up to 0.4-0.5 units. Equivalent black carbon concentrations at the surface at Summit were up to 600 ng m(-3) during two major episodes, and Alert saw at least one event with enhanced sigma(ap) values. FLEXPART results show that Zeppelin was located in a relatively unaffected part of the Arctic. Nevertheless, there was a 4-day period with daily mean sigma(ap) > 0.3 Mm(-1), the strongest episode of the summer half year, and enhanced AOD values. Elevated concentrations of the highly source-specific compound levoglucosan positively confirmed that biomass burning was the source of the aerosols at Zeppelin. In summary, this paper shows that boreal forest fires can lead to elevated concentrations of light absorbing aerosols throughout the entire Arctic. Enhanced AOD values suggest a substantial impact of these plumes on radiation transmission in the Arctic atmosphere. During the passage of the largest fire plume, a pronounced drop of the albedo of the snow was observed at Summit. We suggest that this is due to the deposition of light absorbing particles on the snow, with further potentially important consequences for the Arctic radiation budget. C1 Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Tech Univ Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, DE-80333 Munich, Germany. Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. RP Stohl, A (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Institittveien 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM ast@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Torseth, Kjetil/A-3905-2012; Yttri, Karl Espen/E-6671-2012; Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Torseth, Kjetil/0000-0002-3500-6096; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 65 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22214 DI 10.1029/2006JD007216 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HH UT WOS:000242368600007 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE Dirama, TE Carri, GA Tobias, DJ AF Curtis, Joseph E. Dirama, Taner E. Carri, Gustavo A. Tobias, Douglas J. TI Inertial suppression of protein dynamics in a binary glycerol-trehalose glass SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; CARBOXY-MYOGLOBIN; LIQUID WATER; STABILIZATION; ANHYDROBIOSIS; VITRIFICATION; SIMULATION; MATRIX AB The traditional approach used to predict the ability of a glassy matrix to maximally preserve the activity of a protein solute is the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the glass. Recently it has been shown that the addition of a low Tg diluent (glycerol) can rigidify the structure of a high T-g glassy matrix in binary glycerol-trehalose glasses. The optimal density of glycerol in trehalose minimizes the average mean square displacements of non-exchangeable protons in the glass samples. The amount of glycerol added to a trehalose glass coincides with the maximal recovery of biological activity in a separate study using similar binary glass samples. In this study, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamics of a hydrated protein encased in glycerol, unary trehalose and binary glycerol-trehalose glasses. We have found that we are able to reproduce the rigidification of the glycerol-trehalose glassy matrix and that there is a direct correlation between bulk glass dynamics and the extent of atomic fluctuation of protein atoms. The detailed microscopic picture that emerges is that protein dynamics are suppressed mainly by inertia of the bulk glass and to a lesser extent specific interactions at the protein-solvent interface. Thus, the inertia of the glassy matrix may be an influential factor in the determination of pharmaceutically relevant formulations. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov RI Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 46 BP 22953 EP 22956 DI 10.1021/jp0615499 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 105PX UT WOS:000242045900001 PM 17107124 ER PT J AU Bender, PL AF Bender, Peter L. TI Cancellation of differential accelerations for the LISA spacecraft SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID DRAG-FREE CONTROL; MISSION AB The three spacecraft of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna will form a nearly equilateral triangle with nominal side lengths of 5 million km. However, the arm lengths and the corner angles will vary by very roughly 1% over 5-10 years. Part of this variation is due to the nature of Kepler orbits around the Sun. But Sweetser (2006 Astrodynamics 2005, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences vol 123 (San Diego, CA: Univelt Inc.) pp 693-712) has shown recently that differential secular accelerations due to the Earth for the three spacecraft prevent the minimal variations from being preserved for more than 2 or 3 years. Based on Sweetser's results, it appears possible to cancel out the differential secular acceleration due to the Earth by applying forces to the two proof masses in each spacecraft. The applied acceleration is at most 2.1 x 10(-9) m s(-2). However, the directions of the required accelerations would have substantial components along the sides of the triangle, and thus the amplitudes of the applied forces would have to have very low noise, even at frequencies down to below 0.1 mHz. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 22 BP 6149 EP 6154 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/23/22/005 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 095QU UT WOS:000241323600006 ER PT J AU Angevine, WM Hare, JE Fairall, CW Wolfe, DE Hill, RJ Brewer, WA White, AB AF Angevine, Wayne M. Hare, J. E. Fairall, C. W. Wolfe, Daniel E. Hill, R. J. Brewer, W. A. White, Allen B. TI Structure and formation of the highly stable marine boundary layer over the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OFFSHORE FLOW; PERSIAN-GULF; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; NEW-ENGLAND; WIND; REGIMES; DUCTS; SEA AB A shallow, stable boundary layer is ubiquitous over the cool waters of the Gulf of Maine in summer. This layer affects pollutant transport throughout the region by isolating overlying flow from the surface. In this paper, we explore how the stable boundary layer is formed and describe its characteristics. The temperature profile of the lowest 1-2 km of the atmosphere over the Gulf of Maine is remarkably similar regardless of transport time over water or the time of day when the flow left the land, provided only that the flow is offshore. This similarity is forced by the (roughly) constant water temperature and the (roughly) constant temperature of the free troposphere over the continent. However, the processes leading to the similar profiles are quite different depending on the time of day when the flow crosses the coast. Air leaving the coast at night already has a stable profile, whereas air leaving the coast at midday or afternoon has a deep mixed layer. In the latter case, the stable layer formation over the water is of interest. Using observations of surface fluxes, profiles, and winds on the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown from the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research in Transport and Transformation (ICARTT)/New England Air Quality Study, we show that the formation of the stable layer, which involves cooling a roughly 50- to 100-m-deep layer by 5-15 K, occurs within 10 km and a half hour after leaving the coast. The internal boundary layer near shore is deeper than predicted by standard relationships. Historical data are explored and also show deeper internal boundary layers than predicted. We also describe one exceptional case where a 200-m-deep neutral layer was observed and discuss the degree of isolation of the stable boundary layer and its duration. C1 NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Coop Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R CSD04,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM wayne.m.angevine@noaa.gov RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S22 DI 10.1029/2006JD007465 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HJ UT WOS:000242368800001 ER PT J AU Ginoux, P Horowitz, LW Ramaswamy, V Geogdzhayev, IV Holben, BN Stenchikov, G Tie, X AF Ginoux, Paul Horowitz, Larry W. Ramaswamy, V. Geogdzhayev, Igor V. Holben, Brent N. Stenchikov, Georgiy Tie, Xuexi TI Evaluation of aerosol distribution and optical depth in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model CM2.1 for present climate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PINATUBO VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SAHARAN DUST; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; GODDARD-INSTITUTE AB This study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of aerosol distributions and optical depths that are used to force the GFDL coupled climate model CM2.1. The concentrations of sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, and dust are simulated using the MOZART model (Horowitz, 2006), while sea-salt concentrations are obtained from a previous study by Haywood et al. (1999). These aerosol distributions and precalculated relative-humidity-dependent specific extinction are utilized in the CM2.1 radiative scheme to calculate the aerosol optical depth. Our evaluation of the mean values (1996-2000) of simulated aerosols is based on comparisons with long-term mean climatological data from ground-based and remote sensing observations as well as previous modeling studies. Overall, the predicted concentrations of aerosol are within a factor 2 of the observed values and have a tendency to be overestimated. Comparison with satellite data shows an agreement within 10% of global mean optical depth. This agreement masks regional differences of opposite signs in the optical depth. Essentially, the excessive optical depth from sulfate aerosols compensates for the underestimated contribution from organic and sea-salt aerosols. The largest discrepancies are over the northeastern United States (predicted optical depths are too high) and over biomass burning regions and southern oceans (predicted optical depths are too low). This analysis indicates that the aerosol properties are very sensitive to humidity, and major improvements could be achieved by properly taking into account their hygroscopic growth together with corresponding modifications of their optical properties. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ginoux, P (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM paul.ginoux@noaa.gov; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; v.ramaswamy@noaa.gov; igor@giss.nasa.gov; brent.n.holben@gsfc.nasa.gov; gera@envsci.rutgers.edu; xxtie@ucar.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 70 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22210 DI 10.1029/2005JD006707 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HF UT WOS:000242368400001 ER PT J AU Horowitz, LW AF Horowitz, Larry W. TI Past, present, and future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols: Methodology, ozone evaluation, and sensitivity to aerosol wet removal SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; GLOBAL IMPACT; TRACE GASES; DATA SET; EMISSIONS; TRENDS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Tropospheric ozone and aerosols are radiatively important trace species, whose concentrations have increased dramatically since preindustrial times and are projected to continue to change in the future. The evolution of ozone and aerosol concentrations from 1860 to 2100 is simulated on the basis of estimated historical emissions and four different future emission scenarios (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2, A1B, B1, and A1FI). The simulations suggest that the tropospheric burden of ozone has increased by 50% and sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol burdens have increased by factors of 3 and 6, respectively, since preindustrial times. Projected ozone changes over the next century range from -6% to + 43%, depending on the emissions scenario. Sulfate concentrations are projected to increase for the next several decades but then to decrease by 2100 to 4-45% below their 2000 values. Simulated ozone concentrations agree well with present-day observations and recent trends. Preindustrial surface concentrations of ozone are shown to be sensitive to the assumed anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions, but in all cases they overestimate the few available measurements from that era. Simulated tropospheric burdens of aerosols are sensitive by up to a factor of 2 to assumptions about the rate of aerosol wet deposition in the model. The concentrations of ozone and aerosols produced by this study are provided as climate-forcing agents in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled climate model to estimate their effects on climate. The aerosol distributions from this study and the resulting optical depths are evaluated in a companion paper by P. Ginoux et al. (2006). C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Horowitz, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM larry.horowitz@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 58 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22211 DI 10.1029/2005JD006937 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110HF UT WOS:000242368400002 ER PT J AU Rao, A Kang, SH Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Lin, EK Wu, WL Muthukumar, M AF Rao, Ashwin Kang, Shuhui Vogt, Bryan D. Prabhu, Vivek M. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-Li Muthukumar, M. TI Effect of deprotection extent on swelling and dissolution regimes of thin polymer films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; POLYELECTROLYTE FILMS; NOVOLAK DISSOLUTION; PERCOLATION VIEW; AQUEOUS BASE; BEHAVIOR; RESISTS; MODEL; FLUORESCENCE AB The response of unentangled polymer thin films to aqueous hydroxide solutions is measured as a function of increasing weakly acidic methacrylic acid comonomer content produced by an in situ reaction-diffusion process. Quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements are used to identify four regimes: (I) nonswelling, (II) quasiequilibrium swelling, (III) swelling coupled with partial film dissolution, and (IV) film dissolution. These regimes result from chemical heterogeneity in local composition of the polymer film. The acid-catalyzed deprotection of a hydrophobic group to the methacrylic acid tends to increase the hydrophilic domain size within the film. This nanoscale structure swells in aqueous base by ionization of the methacrylic acid groups. The swollen film stability, however, is determined by the hydrophobic matrix that can act as physical cross-links to prevent dissolution of the polyelectrolyte chains. These observations challenge current models of photoresist film dissolution that do not include the effects of swelling and partial film dissolution on image quality. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 24 BP 10009 EP 10015 DI 10.1021/la061773p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 105HX UT WOS:000242022100031 PM 17106993 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Geiss, R Russek, S AF Shaw, Justin M. Geiss, Roy Russek, Stephen TI Dynamic Lorentz microscopy of micromagnetic structure in magnetic tunnel junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; FILMS AB Lorentz microscopy was used to study the micromagnetic structure and magnetization reversal in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) fabricated with different processing conditions including a preoxidation process. The authors find that the free layer in a MTJ has considerably more disorder than that seen in an isolated magnetic layer. The disorder changes with anneals that set the exchange bias, suggesting that the disorder arises from the antiferromagnetic layer and is transferred to the free layer by magnetostatic Neel coupling. The disorder and time-dependent fluctuations in the magnetic structure provide a foundation for understanding several sources of 1/f noise in MTJs. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.shaw@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 21 AR 212503 DI 10.1063/1.2385207 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108DH UT WOS:000242220000050 ER PT J AU Mackas, DL Peterson, WT Ohman, MD Lavaniegos, BE AF Mackas, D. L. Peterson, W. T. Ohman, M. D. Lavaniegos, B. E. TI Zooplankton anomalies in the California Current system before and during the warm ocean conditions of 2005 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY; COPEPODS; REGIME; OREGON AB Zooplankton in the California Current had large anomalies in biomass and composition in 2005. The zone most strongly affected extended from northern California to southern British Columbia, where zooplankton biomass was low from spring through autumn, community composition showed reduced dominance by northern origin taxa, and life cycles of some species shifted to earlier in the year. Although similar anomalies have previously been observed over the entire California Current system during strong El Nino events, the 2005 zooplankton anomalies were more localized, initiated by a combination of very warm temperatures ( since early 2003), plus weak and late upwelling, and low phytoplankton productivity in spring and early summer of 2005. However, the zooplankton anomalies persisted longer: through the remainder of 2005 and into 2006. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Mackas, DL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM mackasd@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Ohman, Mark/C-8763-2009 NR 19 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22S07 DI 10.1029/2006GL027930 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 107MK UT WOS:000242175500005 ER PT J AU Garrett, TJ Avey, L Palmer, PI Stohl, A Neuman, JA Brock, CA Ryerson, TB Holloway, JS AF Garrett, T. J. Avey, L. Palmer, P. I. Stohl, A. Neuman, J. A. Brock, C. A. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. S. TI Quantifying wet scavenging processes in aircraft observations of nitric acid and cloud condensation nuclei SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; REACTIVE NITROGEN; SOLUBLE GASES; ART.; PARTICLES; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; REMOVAL; NUMBER AB [ 1] Wet scavenging is an important sink term for many atmospheric constituents. However, production of precipitation in clouds is poorly understood, and pollutant removal through wet scavenging is difficult to separate from removal through dry scavenging, atmospheric mixing, or chemical transformations. Here we use airborne data from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation project to show that measured ratios of soluble and insoluble trace gases provide a useful indicator for quantifying wet scavenging. Specifically, nitric acid (HNO3), produced as a by-product of combustion, is highly soluble and removed efficiently from clouds by rain. Regional carbon monoxide ( CO), which is also an indicator of anthropogenic activity, is insoluble and has a lifetime against oxidation of about a month. We find that relative concentrations of HNO3 to regional CO observed in clear air are negatively correlated with precipitation production rates in nearby cloudy air (r(2) = 0.85). Also, we show that relative concentrations of HNO3 and CO can be used to quantify cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) scavenging by precipitating clouds. This is because CCN and HNO3 molecules are both fully soluble in cloud water and hence can be treated as analogous species insofar as wet scavenging is concerned. While approximate, the practical advantage of this approach to scavenging studies is that it requires only measurement in clear air and no a priori knowledge of the cloud or aerosol properties involved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Norsk Inst Luftforskning, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garrett, TJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 S 1460 E,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM tgarrett@met.utah.edu RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S51 DI 10.1029/2006JD007416 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MV UT WOS:000242176600001 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Toon, GC Blavier, JF Yang, Z Allen, NT Wennberg, PO Vay, SA Matross, DM Daube, BC AF Washenfelder, R. A. Toon, G. C. Blavier, J. -F. Yang, Z. Allen, N. T. Wennberg, P. O. Vay, S. A. Matross, D. M. Daube, B. C. TI Carbon dioxide column abundances at the Wisconsin Tall Tower site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED ABSORPTION INTENSITIES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; 0,0 TRANSITION; O-2; PRESSURE; SURFACE; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS; STRENGTHS AB We have developed an automated observatory for measuring atmospheric column abundances of CO2 and O-2 using near-infrared spectra of the Sun obtained with a high spectral resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). This is the first dedicated laboratory in a new network of ground-based observatories named the Total Carbon Column Observing Network. This network will be used for carbon cycle studies and validation of spaceborne column measurements of greenhouse gases. The observatory was assembled in Pasadena, California, and then permanently deployed to northern Wisconsin during May 2004. It is located in the heavily forested Chequamegon National Forest at the WLEF Tall Tower site, 12 km east of Park Falls, Wisconsin. Under clear sky conditions, similar to 0.1% measurement precision is demonstrated for the retrieved column CO2 abundances. During the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America and CO2 Boundary Layer Regional Airborne Experiment campaigns in summer 2004, the DC-8 and King Air aircraft recorded eight in situ CO2 profiles over the WLEF site. Comparison of the integrated aircraft profiles and CO2 column abundances shows a small bias (similar to 2%) but an excellent correlation. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; NR 31 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22305 DI 10.1029/2006JD007154 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MR UT WOS:000242176200012 ER PT J AU Trentmann, J Luderer, G Winterrath, T Fromm, MD Servranckx, R Textor, C Herzog, M Graf, HF Andreae, MO AF Trentmann, J. Luderer, G. Winterrath, T. Fromm, M. D. Servranckx, R. Textor, C. Herzog, M. Graf, H. -F. Andreae, M. O. TI Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): reference simulation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; BURNING PLUME; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PARTICLES; MICROPHYSICS; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; GASES; LIDAR AB Wildland fires in boreal regions have the potential to initiate deep convection, so-called pyro-convection, due to their release of sensible heat. Under favorable atmospheric conditions, large fires can result in pyro-convection that transports the emissions into the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Here, we present three-dimensional model simulations of the injection of fire emissions into the lower stratosphere by pyro-convection. These model simulations are constrained and evaluated with observations obtained from the Chisholm fire in Alberta, Canada, in 2001. The active tracer high resolution atmospheric model (ATHAM) is initialized with observations obtained by radiosonde. Information on the fire forcing is obtained from ground-based observations of the mass and moisture of the burned fuel. Based on radar observations, the pyro-convection reached an altitude of about 13 km, well above the tropopause, which was located at about 11.2 km. The model simulation yields a similarly strong convection with an overshoot of the convection above the tropopause. The main outflow from the pyro-convection occurs at about 10.6 km, but a significant fraction (about 8%) of the emitted mass of the smoke aerosol is transported above the tropopause. In contrast to regular convection, the region with maximum updraft velocity in the pyro-convection is located close to the surface above the fire. This results in high updraft velocities >10m s(-1) at cloud base. The temperature anomaly in the plume decreases rapidly with height from values above 50K at the fire to about 5K at about 3000m above the fire. While the sensible heat released from the fire is responsible for the initiation of convection in the model, the release of latent heat from condensation and freezing dominates the overall energy budget. Emissions of water vapor from the fire do not significantly contribute to the energy budget of the convection. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England. RP Trentmann, J (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM jtrent@uni-mainz.de RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 71 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5247 EP 5260 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106KK UT WOS:000242099200001 ER PT J AU Luderer, G Trentmann, J Winterrath, T Textor, C Herzog, M Graf, HF Andreae, MO AF Luderer, G. Trentmann, J. Winterrath, T. Textor, C. Herzog, M. Graf, H. F. Andreae, M. O. TI Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part II): sensitivity studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; TRANSPORT; CONVECTION; AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; WATER; MICROPHYSICS; AGGREGATION; SIMULATION; TROPOPAUSE AB The Chisholm forest fire that burned in Alberta, Canada, in May 2001 resulted in injection of substantial amounts of smoke into the lower stratosphere. We used the cloud-resolving plume model ATHAM (Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model) to investigate the importance of different contributing factors to the severe intensification of the convection induced by the Chisholm fire and the subsequent injection of biomass smoke into the lower stratosphere. The simulations show strong sensitivity of the pyro-convection to background meteorology. This explains the observed coincidence of the convective blow-up of the fire plume and the passage of a synoptic cold front. Furthermore, we performed model sensitivity studies to the rate of release of sensible heat and water vapor from the fire. The release of sensible heat by the fire plays a dominant role for the dynamic development of the pyro-cumulonimbus cloud (pyroCb) and the height to which smoke is transported. The convection is very sensitive to the heat flux from the fire. The emissions of water vapor play a less significant role for the injection height but enhance the amount of smoke transported beyond the tropopause level. The aerosol burden in the plume has a strong impact on the microphysical structure of the resulting convective cloud. The dynamic evolution of the pyroCb, however, is only weakly sensitive to the abundance of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the fire. In contrast to previous findings by other studies of convective clouds, we found that fire CCN have a negative effect on the convection dynamics because they give rise to a delay in the freezing of cloud droplets. Even in a simulation without fire CCN, there is no precipitation formation within the updraft region of the pyroCb. Enhancement of convection by aerosols as reported from studies of other cases of convection is therefore not found in our study. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England. RP Luderer, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, Mainz, Germany. EM gunnar@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5261 EP 5277 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106KK UT WOS:000242099200002 ER PT J AU Pollmann, J Helmig, D Hueber, J Tanner, D Tans, PP AF Pollmann, Jan Helmig, Detlev Hueber, Jacques Tanner, David Tans, Pieter P. TI Evaluation of solid adsorbent materials for cryogen-free trapping - gas chromatographic analysis of atmospheric C2-C6 non-methane hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE atmospheric analysis; gas chromatography; volatile organic compounds; non-methane hydrocarbons; solid adsorbents; thermal desorption ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBON MOLECULAR-SIEVES; WATER-VAPOR; AMBIENT AIR; TRACE GASES; THERMAL-DESORPTION; OZONE PRECURSORS; ADSORPTION; TROPOSPHERE; SAMPLES AB Nine commercial solid adsorbent materials (in order of decreasing surface area: Carboxen 1000, Carbosieve S III, molecular sieve 5A, molecular sieve 4A, silica gel, Carboxen 563, activated alumina, Carbotrap and Carboxen 1016) were investigated for their ability to trap and release C2-C6 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in atmospheric samples for subsequent thermal desorption gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis (GC-FID). Recovery rates for 23 NMHCs and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) were determined. A microtrap filled with the three adsorbents Carbosieve S III, Carboxen 563 and Carboxen 1016 was found to allow for the analysis of the widest range of target analytes. A detection limit of approximately 3 pptC [parts per trillion (carbon)] in a 11 air sample and a linear response over a wide range of volatilities and sample volumes was determined for this configuration. Water vapor in the sample air was found to causes interference in trapping and subsequent chromatographic analysis of light NMHCs. A Peltier-cooled, regenerable water trap inserted into the sample flow path was found to mitigate these problems and to allow quantitative and reproducible results for all analytes at all tested humidity conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@colorado.edu NR 41 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 1134 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.050 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 105VC UT WOS:000242059400001 PM 17010353 ER PT J AU Refstie, S Landsverk, T Bakke-McKellep, AM Ringo, E Sundby, A Shearer, KD Krogdahl, A AF Refstie, Stale Landsverk, Thor Bakke-McKellep, Anne Marie Ringo, Einar Sundby, Anne Shearer, Karl D. Krogdahl, Ashild TI Digestive capacity, intestinal morphology, and microflora of 1-year and 2-year old Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed standard or bioprocessed soybean meal SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE feedstuffs-fish meal-soybean meal; enzymology-trypsin-amylase-ALP-LAP-maltase; absorption-amino acids; histology; microbiota; Atlantic cod Gadus morhua ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; AMINO-ACIDS; FISH-MEAL; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; PARTIAL REPLACEMENT; INDUCED ENTERITIS AB The objectives of this work were to evaluate how dietary soybean meal (SBM) or a soy meal made by bioprocessing the SBM (BPSBM) to remove anti-nutritional factors affected hydrolytic capacity, amino acid absorption, intestinal morphology, and microflora along the intestinal tract of Atlantic cod at two life stages. Three fish meal based standard cod diets were formulated to contain no soy (FM control), 25% SBM, or 22% BPSBM. Prior to sampling the diets were fed to duplicate groups of 0.5 kg (1-year old) and 1.7 kg (2-year old) cod for a period of 3 months, and the groups reached 0.9 and 2.5 kg, respectively. Digesta was then sampled from different intestinal sections for analyses of trypsin and amylase activity as well as absorption of amino acids, nitrogen, and sulphur. Gastrointestinal sections were sampled for measurements of relative weight (kg(-1) body weight), and tissues from these sections were sampled for analyses of brush border enzyme (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and maltase) activity and histological examination. Microflora was sampled from both digesta and the intestinal wall. The SBM diet stimulated relative growth of all gastrointestinal sections except the distal intestine in both age classes. Relative growth of the pyloric intestine was also stimulated by BPSBM. The pyloric caeca and the upper mid intestine were found to be the major sites for enzymatic hydrolysis of protein and starch and for amino acid absorption. Dietary SBM and BPSBM did not alter the activity of trypsin and LAP, but the activity of these enzymes in the proximal intestine was affected by age, being higher in 1-year old than in 2-year old cod. The rate of amino acid, nitrogen, and sulphur absorption along the gastrointestinal tract was not affected by SBM, but was slowed by BPSBM. Dietary SBM or BPSBM did not alter the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in any sections of the cod intestine. The distal-most structure of the intestine, a compartment with inlet and outlet (anus) valves, showed very high microbial colonisation in the mucosal brush border. Inclusion of SBM in the diet changed the intestinal microflora, increasing the population level of transient bacteria in the pyloric and mid intestine, but reducing the population level of adherent bacteria throughout the intestine. To conclude, Atlantic cod appeared to have a robust and flexible digestive system able to adjust to high dietary levels of soy protein meals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AKVAFORSK, Inst Aquaculture Res AS, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Arct Vet Med, N-9292 Tromso, Norway. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Refstie, S (reprint author), AKVAFORSK, Inst Aquaculture Res AS, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. EM stale.refstie@akvaforsk.no NR 68 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 1 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.011 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 115MJ UT WOS:000242738100027 ER PT J AU Refstie, S Bakke-McKellep, AM Penn, MH Sundby, A Shearer, KD Krogdahl, A AF Refstie, Stale Bakke-McKellep, Anne Marie Penn, Michael H. Sundby, Anne Shearer, Karl D. Krogdahl, Ashild TI Capacity for digestive hydrolysis and amino acid absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with soybean meal or inulin with or without addition of antibiotics SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE fish feed; prebiotic; oxytetracycline; sulphuric amino acid; trypsin; amylase; alkaline phosphatase; leucine aminopeptidase ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH-MEAL; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; PYLORIC CECA; FEED-INTAKE; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; INTESTINAL ENTEROCYTES AB This experiment was done to study the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and inulin (a prebiotic) on the capacity for digestive hydrolysis and amino acid absorption by Atlantic salmon, and how a dietary supplement of the broad-spectrum antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) modulated these responses. A control diet (FM) was made from fish meal, fish oil and extruded wheat. Two similar diets were made with 250 g soybean meal (SBM) or 75 g inulin kg(-1). Each diet was made with or without a supplement of 3 g OTC kg(-1). All six diets contained yttrium oxide for estimation of apparent nutrient absorption. Each diet was fed to two groups of 172 g salmon kept in I m 2 tanks with 9 degrees C saltwater for 3 weeks. Intestinal organs were then sampled and weighed. Gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) were sectioned for analyses of brush border alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities. Tissue from the distal intestine (DI) was also fixed for histological examination. Digesta from the different sections were freeze dried for estimation of trypsin and amylase activities, and of apparent absorption of amino acids (AA), nitrogen (N), and sulphur (S). About 85% of the trypsin activity, 70% of the amylase activity, 85% of the ALP activity, and 82% of the LAP activity were found in the proximal (PI) and mid (MI) intestine of fish with functional DI, and the absorption of AA, N, and S was quantitatively completed in the MI. Dietary OTC resulted in lower relative liver weight, but apart from increased ALP and LAP activities in DI when feeding OTC in combination with inulin, OTC did not modify the responses to dietary SBM or inulin. Dietary SBM resulted in lower relative liver weight, and induced pathomorphological changes in the DI mucosa, thus lower the ALP and LAP activities in the DI. SBM also stimulated absorption of AA, N, and S in the PI, but at the same time increased the activities of trypsin and amylase in the DI, indicating reduced re-absorption and increased faecal losses of these endogenous enzymes. Dietary inulin did not damage the DI, and stimulated intestinal growth and higher relative mass of the GIT. Inulin without OTC did not affect the hydrolytic and absorptive capacity of the salmon GIT. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aquaculture Prot Ctr, CoE, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. AKVAFORSK Inst Aquaculture Res AS, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Refstie, S (reprint author), Aquaculture Prot Ctr, CoE, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. EM stale.refstie@akvaforsk.no NR 68 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 1 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.005 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 115MJ UT WOS:000242738100038 ER PT J AU Schulz, M Textor, C Kinne, S Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Berglen, T Boucher, O Dentener, F Guibert, S Isaksen, ISA Iversen, T Koch, D Kirkevag, A Liu, X Montanaro, V Myhre, G Penner, JE Pitari, G Reddy, S Seland, O Stier, P Takemura, T AF Schulz, M. Textor, C. Kinne, S. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Berglen, T. Boucher, O. Dentener, F. Guibert, S. Isaksen, I. S. A. Iversen, T. Koch, D. Kirkevag, A. Liu, X. Montanaro, V. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Pitari, G. Reddy, S. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takemura, T. TI Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; SULFATE AEROSOLS; CLIMATE MODEL; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; IMPACT; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT AB Nine different global models with detailed aerosol modules have independently produced instantaneous direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols. The anthropogenic impact is derived from the difference of two model simulations with prescribed aerosol emissions, one for present-day and one for pre-industrial conditions. The difference in the solar energy budget at the top of the atmosphere (ToA) yields a new harmonized estimate for the aerosol direct radiative forcing (RF) under all-sky conditions. On a global annual basis RF is -0.22 Wm(-2), ranging from +0.04 to -0.41 Wm(-2), with a standard deviation of +/- 0.16 Wm(-2). Anthropogenic nitrate and dust are not included in this estimate. No model shows a significant positive all-sky RF. The corresponding clear-sky RF is -0.68 Wm(-2). The cloud-sky RF was derived based on all-sky and clear-sky RF and modelled cloud cover. It was significantly different from zero and ranged between -0.16 and +0.34 Wm(-2). A sensitivity analysis shows that the total aerosol RF is influenced by considerable diversity in simulated residence times, mass extinction coefficients and most importantly forcing efficiencies (forcing per unit optical depth). The clear-sky forcing efficiency (forcing per unit optical depth) has diversity comparable to that for the all-sky/clear-sky forcing ratio. While the diversity in clear-sky forcing efficiency is impacted by factors such as aerosol absorption, size, and surface albedo, we can show that the all-sky/clear-sky forcing ratio is important because all-sky forcing estimates require proper representation of cloud fields and the correct relative altitude placement between absorbing aerosol and clouds. The analysis of the sulphate RF shows that long sulphate residence times are compensated by low mass extinction coefficients and vice versa. This is explained by more sulphate particle humidity growth and thus higher extinction in those models where short-lived sulphate is present at lower altitude and vice versa. Solar atmospheric forcing within the atmospheric column is estimated at +0.82 +/- 0.17 Wm(-2). The local annual average maxima of atmospheric forcing exceed +5 Wm(-2) confirming the regional character of aerosol impacts on climate. The annual average surface forcing is -1.02 +/- 0.23 Wm(-2). With the current uncertainties in the modelling of the radiative forcing due to the direct aerosol effect we show here that an estimate from one model is not sufficient but a combination of several model estimates is necessary to provide a mean and to explore the uncertainty. C1 CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci ZMAW, Hamburg, Germany. Columbia Univ, GISS, New York, NY USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schulz, M (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM michael.schulz@cea.fr RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 69 TC 328 Z9 334 U1 10 U2 64 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5225 EP 5246 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106KJ UT WOS:000242099100002 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Stouffer, RJ AF Gnanadesikan, Anand Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Diagnosing atmosphere-ocean general circulation model errors relevant to the terrestrial biosphere using the Koppen climate classification SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PART I; GLOBAL CLIMATE; VEGETATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB Coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice climate models (AOGCMs) are often tuned using physical variables like temperature and precipitation with the goal of minimizing properties such as the root-mean-square error. As the community moves towards modeling the earth system, it is important to note that not all biases have equivalent impacts on biology. Bioclimatic classification systems provide means of filtering model errors so as to bring out those impacts that may be particularly important for the terrestrial biosphere. We examine one such diagnostic, the classic system of Koppen, and show that it can provide an "early warning'' of which model biases are likely to produce serious biases in the land biosphere. Moreover, it provides a rough evaluation criterion for the performance of dynamic vegetation models. State-of-the art AOGCMs fail to capture the correct Koppen zone in about 20 - 30% of the land area excluding Antarctica, and misassign a similar fraction to the wrong subzone. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Biospher Proc Grp, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Biospher Proc Grp, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM anand.gnanadesikan@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22701 DI 10.1029/2006GL028098 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 107MH UT WOS:000242175200005 ER PT J AU Lee, YS Collins, DR Li, RJ Bowman, KP Feingold, G AF Lee, Yong Seob Collins, Don R. Li, Runjun Bowman, Kenneth P. Feingold, Graham TI Expected impact of an aged biomass burning aerosol on cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet concentrations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-AMERICAN FIRES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; AMAZON BASIN; SEA-SALT; SMOKE; PARTICLES; MODEL AB [ 1] During May of 2003, smoke from fires on the Yucatan Peninsula was transported across the Gulf of Mexico and into Texas where it caused a significant enhancement in measured aerosol concentrations. The 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration measured in Austin on 10 May was 50.1 mu g/m(3), which was more than twice that of the highest daily average concentration measured during any other month in 2003. During this event, a differential mobility analyzer/tandem differential mobility analyzer (DMA/TDMA) system was used to characterize the size distribution and size-resolved hygroscopicity and volatility of the aerosol. The hygroscopicity data were used to isolate the less hygroscopic biomass burning particles from other aerosol types. Biomass burning aerosol-only size distributions were then constructed by coupling the size-resolved fraction of particles attributed to the fires with the overall size distribution. These distributions, and the aerosol properties derived from the TDMA data, were used to examine the impact of the smoke on predicted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra. The influence of the smoke on cloud droplet concentrations and the influence of other aerosol types present on the activation efficiency of the smoke were evaluated using a cloud parcel model. For a subset of the updraft speeds considered, the model predicted that the cloud droplet concentration would sometimes be lower when both smoke and pollution aerosols entered cloud relative to that when only smoke was present. Whereas these cases in which an increased aerosol concentration resulted in a decreased cloud droplet concentration were rare, the inclusion of the pollution aerosol in the model always reduced the activation efficiency of the smoke aerosol, which would influence both its evolution during transport and its atmospheric removal rate. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dcollins@tamu.edu RI Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Li, Runjun/F-2694-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22204 DI 10.1029/2005JD006464 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MQ UT WOS:000242176100001 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA AF Pagowski, Mariusz Grell, Georg A. TI Ensemble-based ozone forecasts: Skill and economic value SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; IMPROVE; MODEL AB [1] In the summer of 2004, seven air quality models provided forecasts of surface ozone concentrations over the eastern United States and southern Canada. Accuracy of these forecasts can be assessed against hourly ozone measurements at over 350 locations. The ensemble of the air quality models is used to issue deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of maximum daily 8-hour and 1-hour averaged ozone concentrations. For completeness, a short summary on performance of deterministic forecasts for this ensemble of models, obtained alternatively by averaging model concentrations or by using dynamic linear regression as described by Pagowski et al. ( 2006), is given on the basis of this work. In parallel, the skill of probabilistic forecasts is discussed. To remove the bias, the probabilistic forecasts are calibrated. The economic value of forecasts, which is calculated using Richardson's cost-loss decision model, is evaluated for both deterministic and probabilistic cases. It is shown that deterministic forecasts obtained with the ensemble of models provide a greater benefit to decision makers than forecasts issued with individual models. Probabilistic forecasts demonstrate similar advantages over the deterministic forecasts. C1 NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mariusz.pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S30 DI 10.1029/2006JD007124 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MU UT WOS:000242176500002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AP Peltier, RE Brock, CA de Gouw, JA Holloway, JS Warneke, C Wollny, AG Weber, RJ AF Sullivan, A. P. Peltier, R. E. Brock, C. A. de Gouw, J. A. Holloway, J. S. Warneke, C. Wollny, A. G. Weber, R. J. TI Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosol soluble in water over northeastern United States: Method development and an investigation into water-soluble organic carbon sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; LIQUID SAMPLER PILS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; FINE AEROSOL; ART.; PARTICLE AB [ 1] A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer for 3 s integrated measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM1 ambient particles. The components of the instrument are described in detail. The PILS-TOC was deployed on the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the NEAQS/ITCT 2004 program to investigate WSOC sources over the northeastern United States and Canada. Two main sources were identified: biomass burning emissions from fires in Alaska and northwestern Canada and emissions emanating from urban centers. Biomass burning WSOC was correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) and acetonitrile (r(2) > 0.88). These plumes were intercepted in layers at altitudes between 3 and 4 km and contained the highest fine particle volume and WSOC concentrations of the mission. Apart from the biomass burning influence, the lowest WSOC concentrations were recorded in rural air masses that included regions of significant biogenic emissions. Highest concentrations were at low altitudes in distinct plumes from urban centers. WSOC and CO were highly correlated (r(2) > 0.78) in these urban plumes. The ratio of the enhancement in WSOC relative to CO enhancement was found to be low (similar to 3 mu g C/m(3)/ppmv) in plumes that had been in transit for a short time, and increased with plume age, but appeared to level off at similar to 32 +/- 4 mu g C/m(3)/ ppmv after similar to 1 day of transport from the sources. The results suggest that the production of WSOC in fine particles depends on compounds coemitted with CO and that this process is rapid with a time constant of similar to 1 day. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sullivan, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rweber@eas.gatech.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 58 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S46 DI 10.1029/2006JD007072 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MU UT WOS:000242176500001 ER PT J AU McKenna-Lawlor, SMP Dryer, M Kartalev, MD Smith, Z Fry, CD Sun, W Deehr, CS Kecskemety, K Kudela, K AF McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P. Dryer, M. Kartalev, M. D. Smith, Z. Fry, C. D. Sun, W. Deehr, C. S. Kecskemety, K. Kudela, K. TI Near real-time predictions of the arrival at Earth of flare-related shocks during Solar Cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MHD SIMULATION; SOLAR-WIND DISTURBANCES; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; SPACE WEATHER; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RADIO-BURST; MODELS; WAVES; ORIGIN AB The arrival times at Earth of 166 flare-related shocks identified exiting the Sun ( using metric radio drift data) during the maximum phase of Solar Cycle 23, were forecast in near-real time using the Shock Time of Arrival Model (STOA), the Interplanetary Shock Propagation Model (ISPM) and the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry Model ( version 2, HAFv.2). These predictions are compared with the arrival at L1 of shocks recorded in plasma and magnetic data aboard the ACE spacecraft. The resulting correspondences are graded following standard statistical methods. Among other parameters, a representative reference metric defined by {("hits'' + "correct nulls'') x 100}/(total number of predictions) is used to describe the success rates of the predictions relative to the measurements. Resulting values for STOA, ISPM, and HAFv.2 were 50%, 57%, and 51%, respectively, for a hit window of +/- 24 hours. On increasing the statistical sample by 173 events recorded during the rise phase of the same cycle, corresponding success rates of 54%, 60%, and 52%, respectively, were obtained. A chi(2) test shows these results to be statistically significant at better than the 0.05 level. The effect of decreasing/increasing the size of the hit window is explored and the practical utility of shock predictions considered. Circumstances under which the models perform well/poorly are investigated through the formation, and statistical analysis, of various event subsets, within which the constituent shocks display common characteristics. The results thereby obtained are discussed in detail in the context of the limitations that affect some aspects of the data utilized in the models. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Univ Ireland, Space Technol Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Sofia, Bulgaria. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Inst Phys Expt, Kosice, Slovakia. RP McKenna-Lawlor, SMP (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM stil@nuim.ie; murraydryer@msn.com; m_kartalev@yahoo.com; zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; gfry@expi.com; sun@jupiter.gi.alaska.edu; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu; kecske@rmki.kfki.hu; kkudela@upjs.sk RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 66 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11103 DI 10.1029/2005JA011162 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 107NV UT WOS:000242179200002 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Sambasivan, S Fischer, D Sundberg, LK Allen, RD AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Sambasivan, Sharadha Fischer, Daniel Sundberg, Linda K. Allen, Robert D. TI Quantitative depth profiling of photoacid generators in photoresist materials by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immerison lithography; lithography; photoresist; segregation; near edge X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy; NEXAFS; thin film ID LIQUID IMMERSION LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACE; FILMS AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used to quantify the surface composition and depth profiling of photoacid generators in thin film photoresist materials by varying the entrance-grid bias of a partial electron yield detector. By considering model compositional profiles, NEXAFS distinguishes the surface molar excess within the top 6 nm from the bulk. A surface enriched system, triphenylsulfonium perfluorooctanesulfortate, is contrasted with a perfluorobutanesulfonate photoacid generator, which displays an appreciable surface profile within a 6 nm segregation length scale. These results, while applied to 193-nm photoresist materials, highlight a general approach to quantify NEXAFS partial electron yield data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 2 BP 1010 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.03.089 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 114DV UT WOS:000242647800098 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Abbasi, F Gaigalas, AK Vogt, RF Marti, GE AF Wang, Lili Abbasi, Fatima Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Vogt, Robert F. Marti, Gerald E. TI Comparison of fluorescein and phycoerythrin conjugates for quantifying CD20 expression on normal and leukemic B-cells SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE CD20; CD4; QuantiBRITE (TM) PE quantification kits; ABC value; MESF value; RM (TM) 8640; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MESF VALUES; INTENSITY; ANTIGEN; SUBSETS; DENSITY AB Background: Numerous methods for quantitative fluorescence calibration (QFC) have been developed to quantify receptor expression on lymphocytes as potential disease biomarkers. CD20 expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the best examples of such a biomarker, but results from the use of different QFC methods vary considerably. Methods: We measured CD20 expression on normal and B-CLL B-cells, using FITC and PE conjugates from the same monoclonal antibody (Mab). As a biological control and calibrator, we also measured CD4 expression on T-cells with FITC and PE Mab. Calibration curves were constructed using the CLSI (formerly NCCLS) consensus guidelines for QFC. Calibration with QuantiBRITE (TM) PE-labeled microspheres and the use of unimolar PE conjugates provided direct measurement of antibody bound per cell (ABC) for CD4 and CD20. Calibration for FITC conjugates was based on molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF), as determined by NIST RM 8640 microsphere standards. These MESF values were then converted to ABC, using the CD4 T-cell as a biologic calibrator, to normalize FITC and PE results for CD20 expression. Results: On normal B cells, the mean ABC value for unimolar CD20-PE conjugate was 143,500 (CV +/- 19.1%). The mean ABC value for B-CLL B-cells stained with the same conjugate was 21,700 (CV +/- 42.0%). Using the CD4 T-cell as a biologic calibrator for FITC conjugate, the mean ABC value for CD20FITC on normal B-cells was 199,300. CD20-FITC staining an B-CLL cells was generally too weak for accurate quantification. On normal T-cells, the mean ABC value for CD4 unimolar PE conjugate was (36,800 +/- 10.4)%, and it did not differ significantly in CLL samples. Conclusion: The expression of CD20 on normal and B-CLL lymphocytes can he quantified in ABC units using unimolar CD20-PE conjugates. In addition, CD4 expression on T-cells can be used as a biological calibrator to quantify CD20-FITC ABC, with reasonable agreement between the two conjugates with different fluorochromes. Issues regarding the accuracy of MESF microsphere calibrators and effective F/P ratios for FITC conjugates will require additional laboratory studies. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; gemarti@helix.nih.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 70B IS 6 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.20140 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 099UY UT WOS:000241623100004 PM 16967494 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SG Rehkamper, M Teagle, DAH Butterfield, DA Alt, JC Halliday, AN AF Nielsen, Sune G. Rehkamper, Mark Teagle, Damon A. H. Butterfield, David A. Alt, Jeffrey C. Halliday, Alex N. TI Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ocean crust; hydrothermal fluids; fluid fluxes; thallium; basalt alteration ID ODP HOLE 504B; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; EASTERN FLANK; MC-ICPMS; SEAWATER; MANTLE; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Hydrothermal fluids expelled from the seafloor at high and low temperatures play pivotal roles in controlling seawater chemistry. However, the magnitude of the high temperature water flux of mid-ocean ridge axes remains widely disputed and the volume of low temperature vent fluids at ridge flanks is virtually unconstrained. Here, we determine both high and low temperature hydrothermal fluid fluxes using the chemical and isotopic mass balance of the element thallium (T1) in the ocean crust. Thallium is a unique tracer of ocean floor hydrothermal exchange because of its contrasting behavior during seafloor alteration at low and high temperatures and the distinctive isotopic signatures of fresh and altered MORB and seawater. The calculated high temperature hydrothermal water flux is (0.17-2.93)x10(13) kg/yr with a best estimate of 0.72x10(13) kg/yr. This result suggests that only about 5 to 80% of the heat available at mid-ocean ridge axes from the crystallization and cooling of the freshly formed ocean crust, is released by high temperature black smoker fluids. The residual thermal energy is most likely lost via conduction and/or through the circulation of intermediate temperature hydrothermal fluids that do not alter the chemical budgets of T1 in the ocean crust. The T1-based calculations indicate that the low temperature hydrothermal water flux at ridge flanks is (0.2-5.4) x 10(17) kg/yr. This implies that the fluids have an average temperature anomaly of only about 0.1 to 3.6 degrees C relative to ambient seawater. If these low temperatures are correct then both Sr and Mg are expected to be relatively unreactive in ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and this may explain why the extent of basalt alteration that is observed for altered ocean crust appears insufficient to balance the oceanic budgets of Sr-87/Sr-16 and Mg. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Macquarie Univ, GEMOC, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. RP Nielsen, SG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM sunen@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739; Rehkamper, Mark/0000-0002-0075-9872 NR 55 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.002 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109HJ UT WOS:000242298500010 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Harrison, DE AF Bond, N. A. Harrison, D. E. TI ENSO's effect on Alaska during opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Arctic Oscillation; Alaska; winter weather ID HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; WINTER TEMPERATURE; ALEUTIAN LOW; EL-NINO; ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; CIRCULATION AB The NCEP Reanalysis and station data are used to investigate how the winter weather of Alaska during El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events has varied during different phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Much greater 500-hPa geopotential height, 1000-hPa air temperature, and precipitation anomalies in association with ENSO tend to occur in the negative phase of the AO; these anomalies cannot be attributed to the AO on its own. Analysis of case-to-case variability indicates that the ENSO/AO composite results are robust. It is also shown that much of the variability of the 'Pacific pole' of the AO is associated with those winters with El Nino/AO- and La Nina/AO+ conditions, suggesting that this pole is much less robust than its counterpart in the North Atlantic. To the extent that winter mean state of the AO can be predicted, our results indicate that incorporation of the state of the AO would provide useful information for improving seasonal weather forecasts in the vicinity of Alaska. Copyright (C) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nicholas.bond@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1821 EP 1841 DI 10.1002/joc.1339 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108PT UT WOS:000242252400005 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Sharpless, KE Sander, LC AF Nelson, Bryant C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sander, Lane C. TI Improved liquid chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of biotin in NIST standard reference material 3280: Multivitamin/multielement tablets SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biotin; dietary supplements; evaporative light-scattering detection; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; multivitamin/multielement tablets; standard reference material ID SUPPLEMENT INGREDIENT DATABASE; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; DEFICIENCY; INDICATORS; PREGNANCY; DETECTOR; HUMANS; ASSAY AB Two independently developed liquid chromatography (LC) methods for the quantitative determination of biotin in multivitamin/multielement tablets (NIST Standard Reference Material 3280 (SRM 3280)) are described. The methods use distinctly different tablet extraction solvents ( methanol vs 1.5% aqueous formic acid) and analyte detection principles ( mass spectrometry ( MS) versus evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD)) to ensure quantitative reliability. The use of different extraction and detection procedures allows cross-validation of the methods and enhances confidence in the final quantitative results. Both methods yield highly comparable results for the mean level of biotin (LC/MS) 26.5 mg/kg +/- 0.3 mg/kg (n = 12); LC/ELSD) 24.7 mg/kg +/- 1.7 mg/kg (n = 12)) in SRM 3280, yet the methods differ considerably in their analytical characteristics. The isotope-dilution LC/MS method exhibits excellent linearity from 0.02 ng to 77 ng biotin on-column with a method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 ng (S/N > 3) and 0.06 ng (S/N > 10) biotin on-column, respectively. The LC/ELSD method exhibits good linearity from 155 ng to 9900 ng biotin on-column with a method LOD and LOQ of 155 ng (S/N > 3) and 310 ng (S/N > 10) biotin on-column, respectively. Method performance data indicates that the LC/ MS method is analytically superior to the LC/ ELSD method; however, either method in combination with SRM 3280 should provide quality assurance, accuracy, and traceability for biotin levels in multivitamin/multielement dietary supplements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 23 BP 8710 EP 8716 DI 10.1021/jf062000+ PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103AV UT WOS:000241857000006 PM 17090111 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Herbots, N Hurst, QB Bradley, D Culbertson, RJ Atluri, V Queeney, KT AF Shaw, Justin M. Herbots, N. Hurst, Q. B. Bradley, D. Culbertson, R. J. Atluri, V. Queeney, K. T. TI Atomic displacement free interfaces and atomic registry in SiO2/(1x1) Si(100) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTED EPITAXIAL OXIDE; THERMALLY GROWN SIO2; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; SI(001) SURFACE; THIN-FILMS; BACKSCATTERING; OXYGEN AB We use ion beam analysis to probe the structure and interface of ultrathin thermal oxide films grown on (1x1) Si(100) surfaces prepared using the Herbots-Atluri [U.S. patent No. 6,613,677 (Sept. 2, 2003)] wet chemical clean. We discover that these oxide layers are structurally registered with the substrate lattice with no interfacial structural disorder. Registry of Si atoms is most pronounced along < 111 > directions relative to the Si substrate, consistent with a beta-cristobalite epitaxial phase. This structurally registered phase transitions to an amorphous structure approximately 2 nm from the interface.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smith Coll, Dept Chem, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.shaw@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 10 AR 104109 DI 10.1063/1.2358835 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 110UY UT WOS:000242408000071 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Makinen, AJ Gao, Y Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Watkins, N. J. Makinen, A. J. Gao, Y. Uchida, M. Kafafi, Z. H. TI Direct observation of the evolution of occupied and unoccupied energy levels of two silole derivatives at their interfaces with magnesium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILM INTERFACE; CS-DOPED CUPC; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INJECTION; METALS; LAYER AB The electronic structures of 2,5-bis(6'-(2',2'-bipyridyl))-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy) and 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PPSPP) at their interfaces with Mg were investigated using ultraviolet, inverse, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies. PyPySPyPy and PPSPP have been used as both electron injection/transport layers and emitters in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Deposition of either PyPySPyPy or PPSPP onto Mg results in the appearance of two energy levels within the energy gap of the organic. Upon deposition of Mg onto PyPySPyPy there is a shift of the occupied energy level structure to higher binding energy, away from the Fermi level, and appearance of two energy levels within the energy gap of PyPySPyPy. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is also shifted to higher binding energy. Upon deposition of Mg onto PPSPP there is also a rigid shift of the occupied energy level structure to higher binding energy, away from the Fermi level, but there are no apparent energy levels created within the energy gap of PPSPP. The different chemical reactivity of the two silole derivatives with magnesium is shown to have pronounced effects on the formation of cathode contacts in OLED structures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neil.watkins@nist.gov; zakya.kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 10 AR 103706 DI 10.1063/1.2365710 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 110UY UT WOS:000242408000050 ER PT J AU Penland, C Matrosova, L AF Penland, Cecile Matrosova, Ludmila TI Studies of El Nino and interdecadal variability in tropical sea surface temperatures using a nonnormal filter SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL; PACIFIC; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM AB A dynamically based filter is used to separate tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) into three components: the evolving El Nino signal, the global tropical trend, and the background. The components thus isolated are not independent. On the contrary, this procedure allows us to see the importance of the interdecadal signal to the predictability of El Nino. The data filtered in this way reveal El Nino signals in the equatorial Indian Ocean and in the north tropical Atlantic Ocean that are remarkably similar. A signature of El Nino in the south tropical Atlantic leads Nino-3.4 SST anomalies by about 9 months. The time series of a global tropical trend is found to have a very smooth parabolic structure. In unfiltered data, this trend conspires with El Nino to obscure a meridional tropical Atlantic dipole, which is significant in the filtered background SST data. C1 NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cecile.penland@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 22 BP 5796 EP 5815 DI 10.1175/JCLI3951.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 113SX UT WOS:000242618800005 ER PT J AU Meijer, YJ Swart, DPJ Baier, F Bhartia, PK Bodeker, GE Casadio, S Chance, K Del Frate, F Erbertseder, T Felder, MD Flynn, LE Godin-Beekmann, S Hansen, G Hasekamp, OP Kaifel, A Kelder, HM Kerridge, BJ Lambert, JC Landgraf, J Latter, B Liu, X McDermid, IS Pachepsky, Y Rozanov, V Siddans, R Tellmann, S van der A, RJ van Oss, RF Weber, M Zehner, C AF Meijer, Y. J. Swart, D. P. J. Baier, F. Bhartia, P. K. Bodeker, G. E. Casadio, S. Chance, K. Del Frate, F. Erbertseder, T. Felder, M. D. Flynn, L. E. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hansen, G. Hasekamp, O. P. Kaifel, A. Kelder, H. M. Kerridge, B. J. Lambert, J. -C. Landgraf, J. Latter, B. Liu, X. McDermid, I. S. Pachepsky, Y. Rozanov, V. Siddans, R. Tellmann, S. van der A, R. J. van Oss, R. F. Weber, M. Zehner, C. TI Evaluation of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ozone profiles from nine different algorithms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; BACKSCATTERED ULTRAVIOLET RADIANCES; PERTURBATION-THEORY APPROACH; STRATOSPHERIC CHANGE; ERROR ANALYSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS AB [1] An evaluation is made of ozone profiles retrieved from measurements of the nadir-viewing Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument. Currently, four different approaches are used to retrieve ozone profile information from GOME measurements, which differ in the use of external information and a priori constraints. In total nine different algorithms will be evaluated exploiting the optimal estimation ( Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of Bremen, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory), Phillips-Tikhonov regularization ( Space Research Organization Netherlands), neural network ( Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, Tor Vergata University), and data assimilation ( German Aerospace Center) approaches. Analysis tools are used to interpret data sets that provide averaging kernels. In the interpretation of these data, the focus is on the vertical resolution, the indicative altitude of the retrieved value, and the fraction of a priori information. The evaluation is completed with a comparison of the results to lidar data from the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change stations in Andoya ( Norway), Observatoire Haute Provence ( France), Mauna Loa ( Hawaii), Lauder ( New Zealand), and Dumont d'Urville ( Antarctic) for the years 1997 - 1999. In total, the comparison involves nearly 1000 ozone profiles and allows the analysis of GOME data measured in different global regions and hence observational circumstances. The main conclusion of this paper is that unambiguous information on the ozone profile can at best be retrieved in the altitude range 15 - 48 km with a vertical resolution of 10 to 15 km, precision of 5 - 10%, and a bias up to 5% or 20% depending on the success of recalibration of the input spectra. The sensitivity of retrievals to ozone at lower altitudes varies from scheme to scheme and includes significant influence from a priori assumptions. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Environm Risks & Safety Div, Environm Measurements Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. German Aerosp Ctr, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr, DFD, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20904 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Central Otago 9182, Lauder, New Zealand. SERCO Spa, Frascati, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Informat Sistemi & Prod, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Solar Energy & Hydrogen Res, D-70565 Stuttgart, Germany. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. STG Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. European Space Agcy, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Meijer, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Environm Risks & Safety Div, Environm Measurements Lab, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM yasjka.meijer@rivm.nl; daan.swart@rivm.nl; frank.baier@dlr.de; bhartia@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov; g.bodeker@niwa.co.nz; stefano.casadio@esa.int; kchance@cfa.harvard.edu; delfrate@disp.uniroma2.it; thilo.erbertseder@dlr.de; felder@lrz.de; lawrence.e.flynn@noaa.gov; sophie.godin@aero.jussieu.fr; ghh@nilu.no; o.p.hasekamp@sron.nl; anton.kaifel@zsw-bw.de; kelder@knmi.nl; b.j.kerridge@rl.ac.uk; lambert@bira-iasb.oma.be; j.landgraf@sron.nl; b.g.latter@rl.ac.uk; xliu@cfa.harvard.edu; mcdermid@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov; yakov.pachepsky@noaa.gov; rozanov@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; r.siddans@rl.ac.uk; tellmann@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; avander@knmi.nl; ossvanr@knmi.nl; weber@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; claus.zehner@esa.int RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Del Frate, Fabio/G-1413-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 86 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21306 DI 10.1029/2005JD006778 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MO UT WOS:000242175900001 ER PT J AU Bhat, MH Peral, I Copley, JRD Angell, CA AF Bhat, M. Harish Peral, Inmaculada Copley, John R. D. Angell, C. Austen TI The boson peak in melt-formed and damage-formed glasses: A defect signature? SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE phonons; electron diffraction/scattering; neutron diffraction/scattering; X-ray diffraction; glass transition; heavy metal oxides; scanning electron microscopy; defects; Terahertz properties and measurements; germanates; defects; medium-range order; enthalpy relaxation; thermodynamics ID INELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; FREQUENCY RAMAN-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL EXCITATIONS; VITREOUS SILICA; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; MODEL; NEUTRON; TRANSITION; LIQUID AB We describe the preparation and characterization of a glassy form of the moderately good glassformer PbGeO3, by mechanical damage, and compare its properties with those of the normal melt-quenched glass and the crystal. The damage-formed glass exhibits a DSC thermogram strikingly similar to that of a hyperquenched glass, implying that it forms high on the energy landscape. The final glass transition endotherm occurs within 4 K (0.006T(g)) of that of the melt-quenched glass, but crystallization occurs at a lower temperature, as if pre-nucleated. In particular, we have studied the low frequency vibrational dynamics of the alternatively prepared amorphous states in the boson peak region, and find the damage-formed glass boson peak to be almost identical in shape to, but more intense than, that of the normal melt-formed glass, as previously found for hyperquenched glasses. In view of the quite different preparation procedures, this similarity would seem to eliminate equilibrium liquid clusters as a source of the boson peak vibrations, but leaves plausible a connection to force constant fluctuations or to specific vitreous state defects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Angell, CA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM caa@asu.edu RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4517 EP 4524 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.119 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800024 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Solvation characteristics of a model water-soluble polymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SAXS; solution properties; water-soluble polymers ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MIXTURES; SANS AB The model water-soluble polymer poly(ethylene oxide) was used to investigate solvation characteristics in mixtures of d-water (deuterated water) and d-alcohols (deuterated alcohols). Three d-alcohols have been used: d-methanol, d-ethanol, and d-ethylene glycol. Small angle neutron scattering was used to monitor the solvation properties of poly(ethylene oxide) in the d-solvent mixtures. Nonideal solvent mixing was observed throughout. Solvent mixtures were found to be more effective solvating agents than individual solvents. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Bldg 235,E151,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 22 BP 3195 EP 3199 DI 10.1002/polb.20967 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 101PY UT WOS:000241754000002 ER PT J AU Gibson, EA Gaudiosi, DM Kapteyn, HC Jimenez, R Kane, S Huff, R Durfee, C Squier, J AF Gibson, Emily A. Gaudiosi, David M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Jimenez, Ralph Kane, Steve Huff, Rachel Durfee, Charles Squier, Jeff TI Efficient reflection grisms for pulse compression and dispersion compensation of femtosecond pulses SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PULSES; GRATING-PAIR; AMPLIFICATION; STRETCHER; SYSTEM AB Efficient reflection grisms for pulse-compression and material-dispersion compensation have been designed and demonstrated in a 40 fs, 300 mu J, 5 kHz downchirped pulse amplification system for the first time to our knowledge. A grism design for 800 nm femtosecond laser pulse dispersion compensation applications is realized by using standard, commercial diffraction gratings. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Horiba Jobin Yvon, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gibson, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gibsone@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB003832] NR 8 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 22 BP 3363 EP 3365 DI 10.1364/OL.31.003363 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 102GT UT WOS:000241799700048 PM 17072424 ER PT J AU McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Montfrooij, W Gardner, JS Metcalf, P Honig, JM AF McQueeney, R. J. Yethiraj, M. Montfrooij, W. Gardner, J. S. Metcalf, P. Honig, J. M. TI Possible large spin-phonon coupling in magnetite SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE magnetite; spin waves; magnetoelastic coupling; Verwey transition ID VERWEY TRANSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB Recent inelastic neutron scattering measurements on magnetite (Fe3O4) below the metal-insulator (Verwey) transition reveal a large gap (7 meV) forming in the middle of the acoustic spin wave branch at q = (0,0, 1/2) and E = 43 meV. The wavevector (0,0, 1/2) corresponds to the main superlattice reflection of the low symmetry monoclinic structure below T-V and has been described as a chargeordering wavevector. Detailed studies of Heisenberg models for the spin wave spectrum were performed assuming that the superexchange is modified to reflect crystallographic symmetry lowering due to either atomic distortions or charge ordering. None of the models studied introduced a significant gap in the acoustic spin wave branch. Another possible source is large spin-phonon coupling that results in the mixing of a phonon and spin wave near (0,0,1/2). We have evidence for the existence of such a phonon mode. Our results show a flat optical phonon branch that cuts through the acoustic spin wave precisely at the gap. The presence of strong spin-phonon coupling below the Verwey transition may further complicate our understanding of the Verwey problem. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcqueeney@ameslab.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.107 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400022 ER PT J AU Matsuura, M Hirota, K Gehring, PM Chen, W Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Matsuura, M. Hirota, K. Gehring, P. M. Chen, W. Ye, Z. -G. Shirane, G. TI Composition dependence of the diffuse scattering in the relaxor (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (x=0 and 0.10) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE relaxor; diffuse scattering; neutron diffraction AB We have measured the neutron diffuse scattering in the relaxor (1 - x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) single crystals with x = 0% and 10% around (110) and (100) to study the effect of Ti substitution on polar nanoregions (PNR). Both the x = 0% and 10% samples exhibit weak diffuse scattering extending along [110] at (110) above 500 K. In addition, we observed strong diffuse scattering below T = 500 K, which extends along [1 (1) over bar0] at (110) and [1 +/- 10] at (100). The correlation length derived from the low-T diffuse scattering indicates that the average size of the PNR is enlarged by the substitution of Ti++ for (Mg1/3Nb2/3)(++)- For PMN-10% PT, the high-T diffuse scattering, which extends along the longitudinal direction at 650 K, expands along the transverse direction on cooling. This change can be understood in terms of the soft mode condensation. As the temperature decreases below 500 K, the weak high-T diffuse scattering becomes almost isotropic, and the low-T diffuse scattering extending along the transverse direction becomes dominant. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM matsuura@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013; OI Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.294 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400037 ER PT J AU Cappelletti, RL Udovic, TJ Chowdhuri, Z Hauback, BC Maeland, AJ Dimeo, RM AF Cappelletti, R. L. Udovic, T. J. Chowdhuri, Z. Hauback, B. C. Maeland, A. J. Dimeo, R. M. TI Diffusive hydrogen motion in ZrBe2H0.56: A quasielastic neutron scattering study SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE metal hydride; quasielastic neutron scattering; 2-D hopping AB In ZrBe2H0.56, Be planes are separated by hexagonal Zr planes in the AlB2 structure with the H atoms occupying interstitial sites that form a honeycomb net in the Zr planes. The data from quasielastic neutron scattering above 500 K using two spectrometers covering a wide range of resolutions from I to 64 mu eV can be fitted with a simple model using only two parameters for all momentum transfers at each temperature. The parameters are an elastic-like fraction and the hopping rate of a quasielastic contribution consisting of two-dimensional nearest-neighbor uncorrelated hopping among the partially occupied interstitial sites. The temperature dependence of the hopping rate follows an Arrhenius relation with an activation energy of 0.30 +/- 0.02eV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Energy Technol, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. RP Cappelletti, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.cappelletti@nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.190 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400063 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Juenger, MCG AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Juenger, Maria C. Garci TI Time-resolved quasielastic neutron scattering study of the hydration of tricalcium silicate: Effects of CaCl2 and sucrose SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE quasielastic neutron scattering; tricalcium silicate; sucrose; CaCl2 ID CEMENT PASTES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Time-resolved quasielastic neutron scattering coupled with hydration modeling enabled the interpretation of the hydration processes in a triclinic form of tricalcium silicate when calcium chloride and sucrose were added. Calcium chloride increases the rate of product formation and causes a less dense product to form. Sucrose was investigated at two concentrations. With increasing amount of sucrose, the retardation time and the length of the nucleation and growth period increase, and the product density decreases. The rate of nucleation and growth of products is not linearly dependent on the amount of sucrose added, a result attributed to complexation with Ca2+ at higher concentrations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM v.peterson@chem.usyd.edu.au NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.194 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400067 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Jacques, TL Hess, NJ Daemen, LL Mamontov, E Linehan, JC Stowe, AC Autrey, T AF Brown, Craig M. Jacques, Teresa L. Hess, Nancy J. Daemen, Luke L. Mamontov, Eugene Linehan, John C. Stowe, Ashley C. Autrey, Tom TI Dynamics of ammonia borane using neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE hydrogen storage; dynamics; neutron; quasielastic scattering; backscattering ID SPECTROMETER; BH3NH3; NIST AB We have used both the backscattering (HFBS) and time-of-flight (DCS) neutron spectrometers to investigate proton dynamics in ammonia borane, a compound of intense interest as a model for 'chemical hydrogen storage' materials. Results indicate that the deposition of ammonia borane on a mesoporous silicate results in longer proton residence times and lower energy barriers for proton motion compared to bulk ammonia borane. The reduced activation energy for proton motions may partly explain the improved thermolysis and lowering the activation barrier for the loss of the first equivalent of H-2. In addition, the phonon density of states for neat ammonia borane compares well with other spectroscopic results, with the intense peak at 22meV assigned to the librational NH3 and BH3 modes, whereas ammonia borane on MCM-41 displays a broad, featureless spectrum indicating a poorly crystalline material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Smith Coll, Dept Chem, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.063 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400081 ER PT J AU Kepa, H Kolesnik, S Wiren, Z Leao, J Brown, CM Dabrowski, B Furdyna, JK Giebultowicz, TM AF Kepa, H. Kolesnik, S. Wiren, Z. Leao, J. Brown, C. M. Dabrowski, B. Furdyna, J. K. Giebultowicz, T. M. TI Inelastic neutron scattering from antiferromagnetically coupled nearest-neighbor spin pairs in Zn(Mn)O and Zn(Mn)Te SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE magnetic semiconductros; exchange interactions ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; EXCHANGE; ZNO AB Direct measurements of the nearest-neighbor (NN) antiferromagnetic exchange (J(1)) in Zn1-x Mn O-x using inelastic neutron scattering from isolated NN spin-spin pairs are reported. The same technique was used for studying Zn1-x MnxTe at 4 kbar pressure in order to investigate the J(1) change with decreasing spin-spin distance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Giebultowicz, TM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tgiebult@physics.orst.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 388 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.080 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400115 ER PT J AU Chung, MK Huang, PJ Li, WH Yang, CC Chan, TS Liu, RS Wu, SY Lynn, JW AF Chung, M. K. Huang, P. J. Li, W. -H. Yang, C. C. Chan, T. S. Liu, R. S. Wu, S. Y. Lynn, J. W. TI Crystalline and magnetic structures of Sr2FeMoO6 double perovskites SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE neutron scattering; perovskite; magnetic ordering AB Neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility has been used to study the crystalline and magnetic structures of Sr2FeMoO6. The compound crystallizes into a tetragonal 14/m symmetry. Both of the Fe and Mo moments were found to be ordered at low temperatures, with the ordered moments beginning to develop below 450 and 165 K for the Fe and Mo ions, respectively. The spin configuration may be viewed as consisting of ferromagnetic Fe/Mo planes that are mutually intersected at an angle of 120 degrees, and form a non-collinear structure. The saturated moments for the Fe and Mo ions were = 3.30(4)mu(B) and 1.74(9)mu(B), respectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Nano Storage Res, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Phys, Hualien 974, Taiwan. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Ru-Shi/A-6796-2010 OI Liu, Ru-Shi/0000-0002-1291-9052 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.140 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400124 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Chung, MK Wu, SY Li, WH Yao, YD Lynn, JW Chan, TS Liu, RS AF Yang, C. C. Chung, M. K. Wu, S. Y. Li, W. -H. Yao, Y. D. Lynn, J. W. Chan, T. S. Liu, R. S. TI Magnetic order and spin fluctuations in Ni-rich Li0.9Ni1.1O2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE lithium battery; LiNiO2; neutron scattering; magnetic structure ID LATTICE-GAS-MODEL; TRANSITION; SYSTEM AB The crystal and magnetic structures of polycrystalline Li0.9Ni1.1O2 were studied by AC magnetic susceptibility and neutron powder diffraction. The Ni-rich compound crystallizes with rhombohedral symmetry belonging to the space group R m. The AC magnetic susceptibility reveals antiferromagnetic interactions between the Ni moments. Two distinct magnetic components were seen in the magnetic diffraction pattern. One is associated with the ordering of the Ni ions, whereas the other originates from the intra-layer short-range correlations of the Ni ions located on the Li sites. Ni moments order below 180 K, with a saturated moment of = 1.70(8)mu(B). (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Phys, Hualien 974, Taiwan. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Nano Storage Res, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM ccyang@phys.sinica.edu.tw RI Liu, Ru-Shi/A-6796-2010 OI Liu, Ru-Shi/0000-0002-1291-9052 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 432 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.236 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400128 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Tian, W Granroth, GE Lumsden, MD Chung, JH Mandrus, DG Nagler, SE AF Stone, Matthew B. Tian, Wei Granroth, Garrett E. Lumsden, Mark D. Chung, J. -H. Mandrus, David G. Nagler, Stephen E. TI Spin dynamics of the low-dimensional magnet (CH3)(2)NH2CuCl3 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE antiferromagnet; S=1/2; low dimensional; organo-metallic ID TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM TRICHLORONICKELATE II; ALTERNATING HEISENBERG CHAIN; EXCITATION SPECTRUM; LADDERS; SYSTEMS AB Dimethylammonium copper (II) chloride (also known as DMACuCl(3) or MCCL) is a low-dimensional S = (1)/(2) quantum spin system proposed to be an alternating ferro-antiferromagnetic chain with similar magnitude ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions. Subsequently, it was shown that the existing bulk measurements could be adequately modeled by considering DMACuCl(3) as independent AFM and FM dimer spin pairs. We present here new inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the spin excitations in single crystals of DMACuCl(3). These results show significant quasi-one-dimensional coupling, however the magnetic excitations do not propagate along the expected direction. We observe a band of excitations with a gap of Delta = 0.95 MeV and a bandwidth of 0.82 MeV. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stonemb@ornl.gov RI Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 438 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.145 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400130 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Neumann, DA Livingston, RA AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Neumann, Dan A. Livingston, R. A. TI Hydration of cement: The application of quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE cement; tricalcium silicate; quasielastic neutron scattering; inelastic neutron scattering ID TRICALCIUM SILICATE; PASTES; KINETICS; WATER AB Quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering have been highlighted as excellent tools for studying the hydration of cement components. Here, the complimentary application of inelastic and time-resolved quasielastic neutron scattering to investigate the reaction kinetics during the crucial first 24 h of hydration will be highlighted. Some recent results include the interaction of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate during their combined hydration and the effect of the tricalcium silicate crystal form on hydration. The application of these tools for the prediction of strength development in hydrating mixtures is also presented. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Fed Highway Adm, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM v.peterson@chem.usyd.edu.au NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.253 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400142 ER PT J AU Smith, GS Kuhl, TL Hamilton, WA Mulder, DJ Satija, S AF Smith, G. S. Kuhl, T. L. Hamilton, W. A. Mulder, D. J. Satija, S. TI Structure of confined polymer thin films subject to shear SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE neutron reflectometry; polymers; shear; confinement ID BRUSHES; FORCES AB Using neutron reflectivity and the newly developed Shear Confinement Cell (SCC), we have directly quantified the density distribution of opposing neutral polymer brushes confined between parallel plates in good solvent conditions. With an average separation between the plates of approximately 1000 A, our measurements show that the density profile in the overlap region between opposing polymer brushes flattens consistent with predictions from molecular dynamics simulations. A significant increase in density at the anchoring surfaces due to compression of the brush layers is observed. This compression or collapse of the brushes in restricted geometries strongly suggests that high-density brushes do not interpenetrate significantly in good solvent conditions. In addition, for the first time, we have measured the effects of an applied shear stress on the sample. We find that for neutral brushes, shear creates a totally new disentangled structure which surprisingly relaxes only after a time span of a few weeks. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithgs1@ornl.gov RI Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016 OI Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 700 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.297 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400207 ER PT J AU Zank, J Reynolds, PA Jackson, AJ Baranyai, KJ Perriman, AW Barker, JG Kim, MH White, JW AF Zank, J. Reynolds, P. A. Jackson, A. J. Baranyai, K. J. Perriman, A. W. Barker, J. G. Kim, M. -H. White, J. W. TI Aggregation in a high internal phase emulsion observed by SANS and USANS SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE small angle neutron scattering; ultra small angle neutron scattering; emulsion; lamellar phases ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IN-OIL EMULSIONS; MICROEMULSIONS AB As part of a wider study into high internal phase emulsions, we have prepared and studied by SANS and USANS the structure of an unstable emulsion consisting of 90% by volume saturated ammonium nitrate dispersed as micron-scale droplets in hexadecane, stabilised by the surfactant Pluronic L92. Similar emulsions produced using polyisobutylene-based surfactants, reported earlier, are highly stabilised by a significant number of surfactant rich reverse micelles a few nanometres in diameter in the oil phase. The aqueous-oil droplet interfaces are coated with a monolayer of surfactant, while a very small amount of surfactant is aggregated into micron-scale surfactant-rich objects. In contrast, the Pluronic emulsion contains an insignificant number of reverse micelles and a complex multilayered interface between oil and aqueous phases. Now, the great majority of added surfactant is in the form of micron scale, fractally linked, blocks of lamellar phase at the aqueous-oil droplet interfaces. The lamellar phase can be characterised by the Bragg peaks observed in three different isotopic contrasts by SANS. We attribute the shear instability of the Pluronic emulsion to the more hydrophilic nature of the surfactant which causes both depletion of reverse micelles in the oil phase, and aggregation into the blocks of lamellar phase. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM jww@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Perriman, Adam/C-1741-2017 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Perriman, Adam/0000-0003-2205-9364 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 776 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.06.081 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400230 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Choi, SM Kline, SR AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Choi, Sung-Min Kline, Steven R. TI SANS studies of polymerized nano-particles using nonionic/cationic surfactant mixture SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE polymerization; mixed surfactant; SANS AB Mixtures of polymerizable cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate (CTVB), nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), and polymerizable hydrotropic salt, sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) in aqueous solution were free radically polymerized to produce stable rod-like nano-particles with varying aspect ratio. A series of 1 wt% of the mixed surfactant,(CTVB +TX-100) solutions were prepared with varying surfactant molar mixing ratio alpha (=TX-100/(TX-100+CTVB)) from 0.07 to 0.41. In all the samples, an appropriate amount of NaSS was added to keep the molar amount of CTVB plus NaSS constant at 0.0257 M; this maintained the amount of polymerizable counterions constant in all the samples. SANS measurements showed that the polymerized aggregates were cylindrical nano-particles which were stable against temperature variation between 30 and 60 degrees C. While the radius of the particles was constant at 2 nm, the aspect ratio was decreased from 27.5 to 2.7 as the mixing ratio a was increased. from 0.07 to 0.23. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.06.084 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400233 ER PT J AU Jackson, A White, J AF Jackson, Andrew White, John TI Small angle scattering from protein/sugar conjugates SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference (ICNS 2005) CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Govt, Dept Educ, Sci & Training, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, ISIS, Cooperat Res Ctr Polymers, INVAP S E, Inst Laue Langevin DE protein; sugar; neutron scattering ID MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; BETA-CASEIN AB The Maillard reaction between free amine groups on proteins and sugars is well known. We have examined the effect of the reaction of the casein group of milk proteins with sugars on their nanoscale structure and aggregation. The small angle neutron scattering from beta casein and sodium caseinate and their sugar conjugates have been studied as a function of solution concentration. At high conjugate concentration (greater than ca. 5 mg/ml) the addition of sugar reduces supra-micellar aggregation of the protein whilst at lower concentration, where the protein is expected to be deaggregated already, little effect is seen. Guinier analysis of the scattering data show a radius of gyration of around 75 angstrom for beta casein in solution and around 80 angstrom for the sucrose conjugate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8562, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM ajj@nist.gov RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385 SI SI BP 818 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.06.098 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 120PF UT WOS:000243096400242 ER PT J AU Jeng, US Lin, TL Lin, JM Ho, DL AF Jeng, U. -Ser Lin, Tsang-Lang Lin, J. M. Ho, Derek L. TI Contrast variation SANS for the solution structure of the beta-amyloid peptide 1-40 influenced by SDS surfactants SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neutron Scattering CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE SANS; amyloid peptide; SM complex aggregate ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLES AB Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we have studied the suppression of fibril formation of beta-amyloid peptide (A(beta)), a 1-40 amino acid peptide fragment derived from proteolytic cleavage of a large amyloid precursor protein, by an ionic surfactant, SDS. In comparison with the pure peptide in aqueous solutions which forms long and thin fibrils, A(beta) forms smaller complex with SDS, which hinders partially the growth of long fibrils. With a selected deuteration of SDS for a contrast variation in SANS, we have extracted the structural information of the SDS/peptide complex, including a short rod-like shape, size, and an association ratio between SDS and the peptide. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, TL (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. EM usjeng@nsrrc.org.tw; tllin@mx.nthu.edu.tw NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 865 EP 867 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.128 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200012 ER PT J AU Knott, RB Lin, M Hanley, HJM Muir, D AF Knott, R. B. Lin, M. Hanley, H. J. M. Muir, D. TI Preliminary SANS studies of the structure of nickel powders on the nanoscale SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neutron Scattering CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE nickel powder; SANS; porosity; fractal properties ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ANGLE AB Nickel powders produced by hydrogen reduction of nickel ammine/ammonium sulphate solution were examined for their structure on the nanoscale using the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique. It is known that the particle size and density of the powder depends on the number of times the nickel solution bath was subjected to hydrogen reduction, however the porosity on the nanoscale is open to question. Porosity in commercial nickel powders is a concern since these nanopores can trap sulphur impurities from solution and lead to unacceptably high levels of sulphur in the final nickel product. SANS data over the q-range (0.002-0.18 angstrom(-1)) was collected on nickel powders that had been exposed to 0, 1, 2, 40, and 60 cycles of hydrogenation in an industrial refining process. Results from this study indicate general trends in the nanostructure consistent with a roughening of the surface with the power law exponent in the Porod region consistently exceeding 4. Further experiments are required to clarify the overall porosity. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. WMC Resources Australia Pty Ltd, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. RP Knott, RB (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Private Mail Bag, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM rbk@ansto.gov.au NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 908 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.246 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200024 ER PT J AU Hamilton, WA Smith, GS Taylor, GB Larkins, BM Porcar, L AF Hamilton, W. A. Smith, G. S. Taylor, G. B. Larkins, B. M. Porcar, L. TI Current and future capabilities of the neutron reflectometer MIRROR at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neutron Scattering CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron reflectometry; SANS; surfactant and polymer solutions; surface-induced ordering ID SCATTERING AB The peripatetic ORNL HFIR Center for Neutron Scattering reflectometer instrument MIRROR has recently been re-installed in an interim beam line position in the reactor beam room. In 2006 an upgraded version of the instrument will move to a high intensity guide hall position fed by the new HFIR cold source. In this short note, we present some aspects of current instrument operation-particularly with respect to data reduction from the instrument's linear reflection plane detector-with examples of ongoing research and analysis, and a brief outline of the expected capabilities of the fully upgraded guide hall instrument. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamilton, WA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM HamiltonWA@ornl.gov RI Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016 OI Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1007 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.321 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200049 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Yamada, NL Kawabata, Y Seto, H Yoshizawa, H Takeda, T AF Nagao, Michihiro Yamada, Norifumi L. Kawabata, Youhei Seto, Hideki Yoshizawa, Hideki Takeda, Takayoshi TI Relocation and upgrade of neutron spin echo spectrometer, iNSE SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neutron Scattering CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron spin echo; iNSE ID TOF-NSE SPECTROMETER; STEADY CURRENT; PRECESSION; FLIPPERS; PHASE AB ISSP-NSE instrument previously installed at the C2-2 port of the guide hall of JRR-3M, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAERI), was relocated to the C2-3-1 port at the end of the C2 cold guide and renamed as "iNSE". The instrument is now equipped with a neutron velocity selector capable of changing the neutron wavelength in the range of 4-16 angstrom with the wavelength resolution from 10% to 20%. The scattering angle was extended up to 98 degrees. A new set of polarizer and analyzer consisting of the remanent supermirrors derives about 87% of polarized neutrons with the wavelength of 7 angstrom. The neutron flux at the sample position was increased by a factor of 2 to 3. At present, the upgraded instrument covered the range of the spatial and time domains of 0.01 <= q <= 0.4 angstrom(-1) and 0.05 <= t <= 50 ns, and these ranges may be further extended. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Oho, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Sci, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Fac Integrated Arts & Sci, Hiroshima 7398521, Japan. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1118 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.383 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200084 ER PT J AU Jones, GL Dias, F Collett, B Chen, WC Gentile, TR Piccoli, PMB Miller, ME Schultz, AJ Yan, H Tong, X Snow, WM Lee, WT Hoffmann, C Thomison, J AF Jones, G. L. Dias, F. Collett, B. Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Piccoli, P. M. B. Miller, M. E. Schultz, A. J. Yan, H. Tong, X. Snow, W. M. Lee, W. T. Hoffmann, C. Thomison, J. TI Test of a continuously polarized He-3 neutron spin filter with NMR-based polarization inversion on a single-crystal diffractometer SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neutron Scattering CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron polarization; He-3 neutron spin filter; spin exchange optical pumping; adiabatic fast passage ID RELAXATION; ILL AB Spin filters based on the large spin dependence of the neutron absorption cross-section by 3 He are currently being applied in neutron scattering. We report here the construction and test of a He-3 neutron spin filter that incorporates (1) in situ continuous optical pumping to maximize the time-averaged polarization and maintain a stable He-3 polarization during experiments, and (2) low-loss adiabatic-fast-passage inversion of the He-3 polarization to eliminate the need for a neutron spin flipper. The device was successfully tested at the single-crystal diffractometer at the Intense-Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This device can be used in measurements of static magnetic-materials as well as magnetic-relaxation phenomena with long relaxation times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, GL (reprint author), Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. EM gjones@hamilton.edu RI tong, Xin/C-4853-2012; hoffmann, christina/D-2292-2016 OI tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345; hoffmann, christina/0000-0002-7222-5845 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1131 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.390 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200088 ER PT J AU Huffman, PR Arif, M Black, TC Jacobson, DL Schoen, K Snow, WM Werner, SA AF Huffman, P. R. Arif, M. Black, T. C. Jacobson, D. L. Schoen, K. Snow, W. M. Werner, S. A. TI Precision neutron interferometric measurements of the n-p, n-d, and n-He-3 zero-energy coherent neutron scattering amplitudes SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron Interferometry and Coherence held in honor of Samuel A Werner CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron interferometry; scattering amplitude; neutron optics; NN potentials; three-nucleon force; effective field theory ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; FEW-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; CROSS-SECTION; LENGTHS AB We have performed high-precision measurements of the zero-energy neutron scattering amplitudes of gas phase molecular hydrogen, deuterium, and He-3 using neutron interferometry. We find b(np) = (-3.7384 +/- 0.0020) fm [K. Schoen, D.L. Jacobson, M. Arif, P.R. Huffman, T.C. Black, W.M. Snow, S.K. Lamoreaux, H. Kaiser, S.A. Werner, Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 044005], b(nd) = (6.6649 +/- 0.0040) fm [T.C. Black, P. R. Huffman, D.L. Jacobson, W.M. Snow, K. Schoen, M. Arif, H. Kaiser, S.K. Lamoreaux, S.A. Werner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 192502, K. Schoen, D.L. Jacobson, M. Arif, P.R. Huffman, T.C. Black, W.M. Snow, S.K. Lamoreaux, H. Kaiser, S.A. Werner, Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 044005], and b(n)(He)(3) = (5.8572 +/- 10.0072) fm [P.R. Huffman, D.L. Jacobson, K. Schoen, M. Arif, T.C. Black, W.M. Snow, S.A. Werner, Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 014004]. When combined with the previous world data, properly corrected for small multiple scattering, radiative corrections, and local field effects from the theory of neutron optics and combined by the prescriptions of the particle data group, the zero-energy scattering amplitudes are: b(np) = (-3.7389 +/- 0.0010) fm, b(nd) = (6.6683 +/- 0.0030) fm, and b(n)(He)(3) = (5.853 +/- .007) fm. The precision of these measurements is now high enough to severely constrain NN few-body models. The n-d and n-(3) He coherent neutron scattering amplitudes are both now in disagreement with the best current theories. The new values can be used as input for precision calculations of few body processes. This precision data is sensitive to small effects such as nuclear three-body forces, charge-symmetry breaking in the strong interaction, and residual electromagnetic effects not yet fully included in current models. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Huffman, PR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Campus Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_huffman@ncsu.edu OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1365 EP 1370 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.185 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200161 ER PT J AU Wietfeldt, FE Huber, M Black, TC Kaiser, H Arif, M Jacobson, DL Werner, SA AF Wietfeldt, F. E. Huber, M. Black, T. C. Kaiser, H. Arif, M. Jacobson, D. L. Werner, S. A. TI Measuring the neutron's mean square charge radius using neutron interferometry SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron Interferometry and Coherence held in honor of Samuel A Werner CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron interferometry; neutron scattering length; neutron charge radius ID SCATTERING LENGTH AB The neutron is electrically neutral, but its substructure consists of charged quarks so it may have an internal charge distribution. In fact it is known to have a negative mean square charge radius (MSCR), the second moment of the radial charge density. In other words the neutron has a positive core and negative skin. In the first Born approximation the neutron MSCR can be simply related to the neutron-electron scattering length b(ne). In the past this important quantity has been extracted from the energy dependence of the total transmission cross-section of neutrons on high-Z targets, a very difficult and complicated process. A few years ago S.A. Werner proposed a novel approach to measuring bne from the neutron's dynamical phase shift. in a perfect crystal close to the Bragg condition. We are conducting an experiment based on this method at the NIST neutron interferometer which may lead to a five-fold improvement in precision of b(ne) and hence the neutron MSCR. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wietfeldt, FE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM few@tulane.edu OI , Michael/0000-0002-3795-8445 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1374 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.187 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200163 ER PT J AU Kaiser, H Armstrong, NL Wietfeldt, FE Huber, M Black, TC Arif, M Jacobson, DL Werner, SA AF Kaiser, H. Armstrong, N. L. Wietfeldt, F. E. Huber, M. Black, T. C. Arif, M. Jacobson, D. L. Werner, S. A. TI Gravitationally induced quantum interference using a floating interferometer crystal SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron Interferometry and Coherence held in honor of Samuel A Werner CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron interferometry; gravity ID GRAVITY AB Since the first observation of the phase shift of a neutron de Broglie wave induced by Earth's gravity, a series of increasingly sophisticated and precise experiments were carried out at the University of Missouri Research Reactor over a period of 1980-1997, now collectively called COW experiments. This class of neutron experiments is unique in that it represents a test of the principle of equivalence on a microscopic scale and that the outcome depends upon both the gravitational acceleration g and Planck's constant h. After all these efforts, however, there is still a 0.6-0.8% discrepancy between theory and experiment. The main correction is due to the bending of the interferometer crystal blades. The goal of this new attempt is to eliminate this effect by performing a gravitationally induced quantum interference experiment with a floating interferometer crystal. This means that the crystal is immersed in a liquid of equal density, i.e. a mixture of D2O + ZnBr2. The experiment will be carried out at the Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This paper will give an overview of the previous experiments and present the experimental technique of the floating COW experiment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaiser, H (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM helkaise@indiana.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1384 EP 1387 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.206 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200166 ER PT J AU Pushin, DA Arif, M Jacobson, DL Doe, CK Cory, DG AF Pushin, D. A. Arif, M. Jacobson, D. L. Doe, Changwoo K. Cory, D. G. TI Reciprocal space neutron imaging SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron Interferometry and Coherence held in honor of Samuel A Werner CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron imaging; Fourier spectroscopy; magnetic resonance imaging ID PHASE-CONTRAST TOMOGRAPHY AB Here we introduce a new method for coherent, reciprocal space neutron imaging. This new method overcomes the limitations of existing neutron imaging methods due to the resolution of the position sensitive detectors. The method implements a spatial encoding similar to that used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging or neutron Fourier spectroscopy. Spatial information is encoded in the phase of neutrons. In this paper we develop the theory, present preliminary results obtained by applying and refocusing a spatial phase gradient on the neutron beam and show simulations based on the experimental parameters of the neutron interferometer setup at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Cory, DG (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dcory@mit.edu RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011; OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417; Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1402 EP 1404 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.202 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200170 ER PT J AU Werner, SA AF Werner, Samuel A. TI Concluding remarks: Thirty years of neutron interferometry SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron Interferometry and Coherence held in honor of Samuel A Werner CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE neutron interferometry; neutron optics ID ROTATIONS AB The quantum interference of neutron deBroglie waves extending over macroscopic distances is one of the most startling and fundamental realizations of the predictions of quantum mechanics. Because the neutron experiences all four basic forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational), neutron interferometry has proven to be a broad and fertile testing ground for theory. Since the earliest experiments in Vienna, Ann Arbor and Grenoble, there have been at least 50 neutron interferometry experiments which can be said to test and elucidate the fundamental fabric of physics. It has been a great pleasure for me to have been a part of this field for the past three decades, and to have had so many wonderful students and collaborators around the world. Indeed, it is an honor to thank them all at this conference. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Werner, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slwerner@starpower.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 385-86 BP 1405 EP 1407 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.201 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 124BF UT WOS:000243341200171 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Bishop, MJ Johnson, GA D'Anna, LM Manning, LM AF Peterson, Charles H. Bishop, Melanie J. Johnson, Galen A. D'Anna, Linda M. Manning, Lisa M. TI Exploiting beach filling as an unaffordable experiment: Benthic intertidal impacts propagating upwards to shorebirds SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beach nourishment; habitat function; intertidal invertebrates; sediment grain sizes; shorebird use; suppressed recovery ID SANDY BEACH; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; EMERITA-TALPOIDA; OCEAN BEACH; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; NOURISHMENT; MACROFAUNA; MACROINFAUNA AB Cold-season filling using much coarser sediments than the native caused dramatic suppression of beach macroinvertebrates, demonstrably degrading habitat value for foraging shorebirds. As a dual consequence of persistent steepening of the foreshore, which translated to reduction in habitat area by 14-29%, and disturbance-induced depression of invertebrate densities on filled beaches, abundances of Donax spp. and haustoriid amphipods averaged less than 10% of control levels. Donax spp. is the biomass dominant and a key prey for higher trophic levels. Haustoriids lack pelagic larvae. Recovery on filled beaches was not initiated by either taxon during the March-November sampling. Emerita talpoida, an order of magnitude less abundant than Donax spp. on control beaches, exhibited a pattern of initial depression on filled beaches but recovered by mid summer. Polychaetes, mostly the small Scolelepis squamata, experienced a warm-season bloom of equal magnitude on filled and control beaches. Summertime recruitment of predatory ghost crabs appeared inhibited on filled beaches, perhaps by persistent shell hash. Intertidal shell cover on filled beaches averaged 25-50% in mid summer as compared to 6-8% on control beaches. Largely in response to prey depression, but perhaps also to surface shell armoring and/or coarsening of sediments, shorebird (mostly sanderling) use plummeted by 70-90% on filled beaches until November. Thus, despite likely adaptations to natural sediment dynamics, the high intensity of sediment deposition, cumulative spatial scope (10.8 km), and unnaturally coarse shelly character of the Bogue Banks beach nourishment resulted in a perturbation that exceeded biotic resistance and degraded the trophic transfer function of this highly productive habitat for at least one warm season. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM cpeters@email.unc.edu OI Bishop, Melanie/0000-0001-8210-6500 NR 50 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 338 IS 2 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.06.021 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102BA UT WOS:000241784500005 ER PT J AU Grobelny, J Tsai, DH Kim, DI Pradeep, N Cook, RF Zachariah, MR AF Grobelny, J. Tsai, D-H Kim, D-I Pradeep, N. Cook, R. F. Zachariah, M. R. TI Mechanism of nanoparticle manipulation by scanning tunnelling microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE; DEPOSITION; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; CONTACT; FILMS; LAYER AB Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) imaging was performed on gold surfaces with a large coverage of monodispersed silver nanoparticles soft-landed on the surface from the gas phase. In both ambient and ultra-high vacuum conditions, STM scanning was found to displace the particles out of the scanning area, due to weak adhesion of the particles to the substrate surface. Calculations based on contact mechanics and electrostatics show that the particles can overcome the force of adhesion to the surface and jump onto the STM tip beyond the tunnelling distance. The observation provides the possibility for patterning or arranging nanoparticles on a surface, which is demonstrated, and offers the potential for a multiplexed approach to create very precise surface patterns and particle arrangements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Grobelny, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jaroslaw.grobelny@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Grobelny, Jaroslaw/0000-0003-2648-2186 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 21 BP 5519 EP 5524 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/037 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 103AQ UT WOS:000241856200037 ER PT J AU Hall, JL AF Hall, John L. TI Defining and measuring optical frequencies: The optical clock opportunity and more (Nobel lecture) SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE high-precision spectroscopy; laser spectroscopy; Nobel lecture; optical frequency comb ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; YAG LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; CAVITY; COMB; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; STANDARD AB Four long-running currents in laser technology met and merged in 1999-2000. Two of these were the quest toward a stable repetitive sequence of ever-shorter optical pulses and, on the other hand, the quest for the most time-stable, unvarying optical frequency possible. The marriage of ultrafast- and ultrastable losers was brokered mainly by two international teams and become exciting when a special "designer" microstructure optical fiber was shown to be nonlinear enough to produce "white light" from the femtosecond loser pulses, such that the output spectrum embraced a full optical octave. Then, for the first time, one could realize an optical frequency interval equal to the comb's lowest frequency, and count out this interval as a multiple of the repetition rate of the femtosecond pulse loser. This "gear-box" connection between the radiofrequency standard and any/all optical frequency standards come just as sensitivity-enhancing ideas were maturing. The four-way union empowered an explosion of accurate frequency measurement results in the standards field and prepared the way for refined tests of some of our cherished physical principles, such as the time-stability of some of the basic numbers in physics (e.g. the "fine-structure" constant, the speed of light, certain atomic mass ratios), and the equivalence of timekeeping by clocks based on different physics. The stable laser technology also allows time-synchronization between two independent femtosecond losers so exact they can be mode to appear as if the source were a single laser. By improving pump-probe experiments, one important application will be in bond-specific spatial scanning of biological samples. This next decade in optical physics should be a blast!. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hall, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jhall@jila.colorado.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD NOV 13 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2242 EP 2258 DI 10.1002/cphc.200600457 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 109OZ UT WOS:000242319200001 PM 17086589 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Gustafson, WI Easter, RC Zaveri, RA Barnard, JC Chapman, EG Grell, GA Peckham, SE AF Fast, Jerome D. Gustafson, William I., Jr. Easter, Richard C. Zaveri, Rahul A. Barnard, James C. Chapman, Elaine G. Grell, Georg A. Peckham, Steven E. TI Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; FIELD CAMPAIGN; OPTICAL DEPTH; INDUSTRIAL PLUMES; REGIONAL AEROSOLS; ART.; URBAN; MULTICOMPONENT; ELECTROLYTES AB A new fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model is used to simulate the urban-to regional-scale variations in trace gases, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston over a 5 day summer period. Model performance is evaluated using a wide range of meteorological, chemistry, and particulate measurements obtained during the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study. The predicted trace gas and particulate distributions were qualitatively similar to the surface and aircraft measurements with considerable spatial variations resulting from urban, power plant, and industrial sources of primary pollutants. Sulfate, organic carbon, and other inorganics were the largest constituents of the predicted particulates. The predicted shortwave radiation was 30 to 40 W m(-2) closer to the observations when the aerosol optical properties were incorporated into the shortwave radiation scheme; however, the predicted hourly aerosol radiative forcing was still underestimated by 10 to 50 W m(-2). The predicted aerosol radiative forcing was larger over Houston and the industrial ship channel than over the rural areas, consistent with surface measurements. The differences between the observed and simulated aerosol radiative forcing resulted from transport errors, relative humidity errors in the upper convective boundary layer that affect aerosol water content, secondary organic aerosols that were not yet included in the model, and uncertainties in the primary particulate emission rates. The current model was run in a predictive mode and demonstrates the challenges of accurately simulating all of the meteorological, chemical, and aerosol parameters over urban to regional scales that can affect aerosol radiative forcing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 78 TC 285 Z9 287 U1 9 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21305 DI 10.1029/2005JD006721 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104UH UT WOS:000241984500002 ER PT J AU Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Lykke, KR AF Brown, Steven W. Eppeldauer, George P. Lykke, Keith R. TI Facility for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; VISIBLE SPECTRUM; LASER; STANDARDS; DYE; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; GOLD; REALIZATION AB Detectors have historically been calibrated for spectral power responsivity at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by using a lamp-monochromator system to tune the wavelength of the excitation source. Silicon detectors can be calibrated in the visible spectral region with combined standard uncertainties at the 0.1% level. However, uncertainties increase dramatically when measuring an instrument's spectral irradiance or radiance responsivity. We describe what we believe to be a new laser-based facility for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources (SIRCUS) that was developed to calibrate instruments directly in irradiance or radiance mode with uncertainties approaching or exceeding those available for spectral power responsivity calibrations. In SIRCUS, the emission from high-power, tunable lasers is introduced into an integrating sphere using optical fibers, producing uniform, quasi-Lambertian, high-radiant-flux sources. Reference standard irradiance detectors, calibrated directly against national primary standards for spectral power responsivity and aperture area measurement, are used to determine the irradiance at a reference plane. Knowing the measurement geometry, the source radiance can be readily determined as well. The radiometric properties of the SIRCUS source coupled with state-of-the-art transfer standard radiometers whose responsivities are directly traceable to primary national radiometric scales result in typical combined standard uncertainties in irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations of less than 0.1%. The details of the facility and its effect on primary national radiometric scales are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.brown@nist.gov NR 69 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 32 BP 8218 EP 8237 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008218 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 103MA UT WOS:000241888200007 PM 17068565 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA Bedner, M AF MacCrehan, William A. Bedner, Mary TI Development of a smokeless powder reference material for propellant and explosives analysis SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE smokeless powder; nitroglycerin; diphenylamine; ethyl centralite; N-nitrosodiphenylamine; reference material ID GUNPOWDER; RESIDUES AB The accurate analysis of the additives in smokeless powder is often an integral part of investigations of improvised explosives devices (IEDs) and in the evaluation of organic gunshot residues (OGSR). To help assure the quality of smokeless powder measurements, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a Reference Material, RM 8107 Additives in Smokeless Powder. The RM, a smokeless rifle powder, was chosen after evaluation of three candidate powders. The additives were determined using solvent extraction with ultrasonic agitation followed by micellar capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC). RM 8107 provides reference values obtained by LC analysis for the key additives nitroglycerin, diphenylamine (and its nitration product, N-nitrosodiphenylamine), and ethylcentralite. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.macerehan@nist.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.027 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 097QN UT WOS:000241463200012 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Hall, A Liou, KN AF Chen, Y. Hall, A. Liou, K. N. TI Application of three-dimensional solar radiative transfer to mountains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TERRAIN AB We developed a three-dimensional radiative transfer model simulating solar fluxes over mountain surfaces precisely given distributions of atmospheric scatterers and absorbers. The model quantifies direct, diffuse, terrain-reflected, and coupling (i.e., photons reflected and scattered more than once) fluxes. We applied it to a midlatitude mountainous surface to study these components' diurnal, seasonal, and geographical variability under clear skies. Domain-averaged direct and diffuse fluxes together comprise over 96% of the flux year-round, with diffuse fluxes' relative importance varying inversely with that of direct radiation. Direct fluxes generally account for at least 80% of the total. However, the domain-averaged diffuse flux proportion increases to nearly 40% at high zenith angles, and approaches 100% when neighboring slopes obscure the surface from the Sun. Terrain-reflected and coupling components each account for less than 1% throughout much of the year. However, together they comprise similar to 3% when surface albedo increases during winter and are similarly nonnegligible in deep valleys all year. We also studied controls on geographical variations in flux components: The sky view factor, a conventional predictor of diffuse fluxes, is surprisingly weakly correlated with them, posing a parameterization challenge. Terrain-reflected and coupling fluxes may be easier to parameterize given topography. Finally, we assessed shortwave errors in General Circulation Models with smoothed topography by comparing results with the mountainous surface to identical calculations for a flat surface with the same mean elevation. The differences range from 5 to 20 W/m(2) and arise because the atmosphere absorbs a different amount of sunshine when underlying topography is smoothed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 810, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yong.chen@noaa.gov RI Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21111 DI 10.1029/2006JD007163 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104UG UT WOS:000241984400004 ER PT J AU Law, M Prask, H Luzin, V Gnaeupel-Herold, T AF Law, M. Prask, H. Luzin, V. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. TI Residual stress measurements in coil, linepipe and girth welded pipe SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE residual stress; welding; neutron; diffraction ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB Residual stresses in gas pipelines come from forming operations in producing the coil and pipe, seam welding the pipe, and girth welding pipes together to form a gas pipeline. Welding is used extensively in gas pipelines, the welds are made without post weld heat treatment. The three normal stresses were measured by neutron diffraction for three types of sample: coil, unwelded rings cut from the pipe made from this coil, and girth welded rings cut from linepipe. All three specimens came from three thicknesses of manufacture (5.4, 6.4, and 7.1 aim). The welds are manual metal arc cellulosic electrode welds made in X70 linepipe, these were measured at 5 through-thickness positions at 19 locations (from the center of the weld up to 35 turn away from the weld) with a spatial resolution of 1 mm(3). The coil and unwelded rings were measured at the same five through-thickness positions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Law, M (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, PMBI, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM michael.law@ansto.gov.au OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 437 IS 1 SI SI BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.062 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 103PG UT WOS:000241898600010 ER PT J AU Somma, R Barnum, H Ortiz, G Knill, E AF Somma, Rolando Barnum, Howard Ortiz, Gerardo Knill, Emanuel TI Efficient solvability of Hamiltonians and limits on the power of some quantum computational models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT LIE-ALGEBRAS AB One way to specify a model of quantum computing is to give a set of control Hamiltonians acting on a quantum state space whose initial state and final measurement are specified in terms of the Hamiltonians. We formalize such models and show that they can be simulated classically in a time polynomial in the dimension of the Lie algebra generated by the Hamiltonians and logarithmic in the dimension of the state space. This leads to a definition of Lie-algebraic "generalized mean-field Hamiltonians." We show that they are efficiently (exactly) solvable. Our results generalize the known weakness of fermionic linear optics computation and give conditions on control needed to exploit the full power of quantum computing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Somma, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 19 AR 190501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.190501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 104LW UT WOS:000241960900010 PM 17155604 ER PT J AU Huang, CL Spence, HE Lyon, JG Toffoletto, FR Singer, HJ Sazykin, S AF Huang, Chia-Lin Spence, Harlan E. Lyon, John G. Toffoletto, Frank R. Singer, Howard J. Sazykin, Stanislav TI Storm-time configuration of the inner magnetosphere: Lyon-Fedder- Mobarry MHD code, Tsyganenko model, and GOES observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ISOTROPIC PLASMA PRESSURE; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; ALIGNED CURRENTS; CURRENT SHEET; ART.; CHALLENGE; LFM AB We compare global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation results with an empirical model and observations to understand the magnetic field configuration and plasma distribution in the inner magnetosphere, especially during geomagnetic storms. The physics-based Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) code simulates Earth's magnetospheric topology and dynamics by solving the equations of ideal MHD. Quantitative comparisons of simulated events with observations reveal strengths and possible limitations and suggest ways to improve the LFM code. Here we present a case study that compares the LFM code to both a semiempirical magnetic field model and to geosynchronous measurements from GOES satellites. During a magnetic cloud event, the simulation and model predictions compare well qualitatively with observations, except during storm main phase. Quantitative statistical studies of the MHD simulation shows that MHD field lines are consistently under-stretched, especially during storm time (Dst < -20 nT) on the nightside, a likely consequence of an insufficient representation of the inner magnetosphere current systems in ideal MHD. We discuss two approaches for improving the LFM result: increasing the simulation spatial resolution and coupling LFM with a ring current model based on drift physics (i.e., the Rice Convection Model (RCM)). We show that a higher spatial resolution LFM code better predicts geosynchronous magnetic fields ( not only the average B(z) component but also higher-frequency fluctuations driven by the solar wind). An early version of the LFM/RCM coupled code, which runs so far only for idealized events, yields a much-improved ring current, quantifiable by decreased field strengths at all local times compared to the LFM-only code. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huang, CL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM hcl@bu.edu RI Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11S16 DI 10.1029/2006JA011626 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104UY UT WOS:000241986400003 ER PT J AU Mason, TG Graves, SM Wilking, JN Lin, MY AF Mason, T. G. Graves, S. M. Wilking, J. N. Lin, M. Y. TI Effective structure factor of osmotically deformed nanoemulsions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED NANOEMULSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FOAM STRUCTURE; EMULSIONS; SPHERES; DYNAMICS; DISPERSIONS; SUSPENSIONS; DRAINAGE; SHEAR AB Extreme osmotic compression of nanoemulsion droplets, achieved by ultracentrifugation, can create solidlike biliquid foams without causing significant droplet coalescence. Using small-angle neutron scattering ( SANS), we probe the structure of a uniform silicone oil-in-water nanoemulsion stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate over a wide range of volume fractions, phi, up to and beyond the limit associated with maximal random jamming of spheres, phi(MRJ)=0.64. Although some features in the structure can be understood at lower phi using simple predictions for hard spheres, the anionic repulsion and deformability of the droplet interfaces creates departures from these predictions at higher phi. For phi near and beyond phi(MRJ), the effective structure factor, S(eff), as a function of wavenumber, q, exhibits a primary peak that is subunity. We speculate that this striking feature is due to the deformation of the droplets into nonspherical shapes as the system begins to approach the limit of a random array of nanoscopic thin films, Plateau borders, and vertexes characteristic of a polyhedral foam. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mason, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mason@chem.ucla.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 9 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 44 BP 22097 EP 22102 DI 10.1021/jp0601623 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 101GP UT WOS:000241729300008 PM 17078645 ER PT J AU Dyck, M Losche, M AF Dyck, Martina Losche, Mathias TI Interaction of the neurotransmitter, neuropeptide Y, with phospholipid membranes: Film balance and fluorescence microscopy studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC-POLYPEPTIDE FOLD; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIPID MONOLAYERS; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; PROTEIN MONOLAYERS; PEPTIDE-YY; SP-C; DYNAMICS AB The association of neuropeptide Y (NPY) with air-water interfaces and with phospholipid monolayers on water subphases and on physiological buffer has been investigated. Surface pressure (d) versus molecular area ( A) relations of the peptide at water surfaces depend on the concentration of the spreading solutions. Independent of that concentration, they show a transition from a low-density state to a high-density state at pi approximate to 12 mN/m. Similar features are observed in the NPY adsorption to preformed monolayers (Delta pi(t ->infinity) as a function of pi(i)=pi(t=0) where t=0 signifies the time of peptide injection). The transition is also observed in cospread lipid-NPY monolayers and is interpreted as the exclusion of the peptide from the surface layer. The reproducibility of the isotherms after expansion suggests that cospread lipid-peptide monolayers are thermodynamically stable and that the peptide remains associated with the monolayer after exclusion from the lipid surface. A comparison of NPY association with zwitterionic and with anionic lipids as well as a comparison of the interactions on pure water and on physiological buffer suggest that electrostatic attraction plays a major role in the energetics of peptide binding to the membrane surface. Dual label fluorescence microscopy demonstrates that the peptide associates preferentially with the disordered, liquid condensed monolayer phase and also suggests that it self-aggregates upon exceeding a critical surface concentration. A NPY variant with a distorted alpha-helix interacts with the surface as strongly as the natural NPY but expands the monolayers more. This suggests that the helix motif in the peptide is more important for the interaction with the receptor than for binding of the peptide to the membrane surface. In context, these observations attribute a specific role to the membrane in funneling the signal peptide to its membrane receptor. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Leipzig, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. NIST, Cold Neutrons Biol & Technol Consortium, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU NCRR NIH HHS [1R01 RR14812, R01 RR014812, R01 RR014812-05] NR 42 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 9 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 44 BP 22143 EP 22151 DI 10.1021/jp056697y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 101GP UT WOS:000241729300013 PM 17078650 ER PT J AU Dyck, M Kerth, A Blume, A Losche, M AF Dyck, Martina Kerth, Andreas Blume, Alfred Losche, Mathias TI Interaction of the neurotransmitter, neuropeptide Y, with phospholipid membranes: Infrared spectroscopic characterization at the air/water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; REFLECTION-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYER FILMS; INSOLUBLE MONOLAYERS; AQUEOUS MONOLAYERS; CHAIN; ORIENTATION; PEPTIDES; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB The association of neuropeptide Y (NPY) at the air/water interface and with phospholipid monolayers on water as subphase has been investigated using external infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Studies of the conformation and orientation of NPY suggest that it adopts an alpha-helical structure and is oriented parallel to the air/water interface in neat peptide monolayers. Both secondary structure and orientation are preserved in mixed lipid/NPY monolayers. Comparison of NPY associated with zwitterionic DPPC and with anionic DMPS suggests that electrostatic attraction plays a major role for peptide binding to the membrane surface. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Leipzig, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-06108 Halle, Germany. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, CNBT Consortium, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU NCRR NIH HHS [1R01 RR14812, R01 RR014812, R01 RR014812-05] NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 9 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 44 BP 22152 EP 22159 DI 10.1021/jp062537q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 101GP UT WOS:000241729300014 PM 17078651 ER PT J AU Fiebig, M Ogren, JA AF Fiebig, M. Ogren, J. A. TI Retrieval and climatology of the aerosol asymmetry parameter in the NOAA aerosol monitoring network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INVERSION; NEPHELOMETER; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; ALGORITHM AB The aerosol monitoring network of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory routinely provides data on the aerosol absorption and spectral scattering and backscattering coefficients. An algorithm is introduced that retrieves from the primary measurements the aerosol asymmetry parameter, the optical property needed in addition to those mentioned above to completely characterize aerosol with respect to its direct radiative effect on climate. The algorithm is tested on synthetic data and shown to retrieve the spectral aerosol asymmetry parameter for aerodynamic particle diameters D-p,D- aer < 1.0 mu m with similar to 0.8% systematic uncertainty and similar to 1.1% systematic uncertainty for D-p,D- aer < 10.0 mu m. The algorithm is applied to data from six ESRL stations representing aerosol in the dried state of continental, marine, arctic, and free tropospheric origin. The retrieved asymmetry parameters show a significant dependence on wavelength. Both wavelength dependence and absolute value of the asymmetry parameter depend on location or air mass type. The median values range from 0.57 for free tropospheric aerosol to 0.65 for marine aerosol at 550 nm wavelength and D-p,D- aer < 10.0 mu m. It is shown that the accuracy of the asymmetry parameters retrieved with the algorithm is significantly larger than that of asymmetry parameters derived from backscatter fractions assuming a Henyey- Greenstein phase function. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fiebig, M (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. EM markus.fiebig@dlr.de; john.a.ogren@noaa.gov RI Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21204 DI 10.1029/2005JD006545 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104UF UT WOS:000241984300002 ER PT J AU Ludlow, DJ Calebrese, CM Yu, SH Dannehy, CS Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS Arif, M Jensen, MK Eisman, GA AF Ludlow, D. J. Calebrese, C. M. Yu, S. H. Dannehy, C. S. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. Arif, M. Jensen, M. K. Eisman, G. A. TI PEM fuel cell membrane hydration measurement by neutron imaging SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; water distribution; membrane hydration; neutron imaging; proton exchange membrane ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; WATER DISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; NAFION; MODEL AB Neutron scattering experiments on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell were performed to assess the ability to quantify water in the membrane and electrode/gas diffusion layers. Previous studies have shown that liquid water is easily resolved within flow channels, making neutron imaging a valuable tool in the design and analysis for water management in fuel cells. This study demonstrates the resolution of water content changes within the membrane electrode assembly and membrane alone. These preliminary results extend the use of neutron imaging as a more complete water dynamics measurement tool. including membrane hydration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Plug Power, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jensen, MK (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, JEC 2049,110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM JenseM@rpi.edu NR 31 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 162 IS 1 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.068 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 105VF UT WOS:000242059700035 ER PT J AU Yu, LH Zangmeister, CD Kushmerick, JG AF Yu, Lam H. Zangmeister, Christopher D. Kushmerick, James G. TI Structural contributions to charge transport across Ni-octanedithiol multilayer junctions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE TRANSISTORS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES; MONOLAYERS AB We report the fabrication and characterization of multilayer thin films incorporating 1,8-octanedithiols and Ni atoms. Low-temperature charge transport measurements exhibit inelastic co-tunneling and resonant tunneling features that correspond energetically to vibrational excitations of the molecular multilayer. Several junctions exhibit changes in conductance features characteristic of charge defect-gating. Transport through our junctions is shown to be dominated by the intrinsic properties of the multilayer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Yu, Lam/F-9025-2012 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 11 BP 2515 EP 2519 DI 10.1021/nl061867j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 103AT UT WOS:000241856700022 PM 17090083 ER PT J AU Chen, SH Liu, L Chu, X Zhang, Y Fratini, E Baglioni, P Faraone, A Mamontov, E AF Chen, S. -H. Liu, L. Chu, X. Zhang, Y. Fratini, E. Baglioni, P. Faraone, A. Mamontov, E. TI Experimental evidence of fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover in DNA hydration water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED WATER; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; MYOGLOBIN AB We used high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectroscopy to study the single-particle dynamics of water molecules on the surface of hydrated DNA samples. Both H2O and D2O hydrated samples were measured. The contribution of scattering from DNA is subtracted out by taking the difference of the signals between the two samples. The measurement was made at a series of temperatures from 270 down to 185 K. The relaxing-cage model was used to analyze the quasielastic spectra. This allowed us to extract a Q-independent average translational relaxation time of water molecules as a function of temperature. We observe clear evidence of a fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover (FSC) at T-L=222 +/- 2 K by plotting log versus T. The coincidence of the dynamic transition temperature T-c of DNA, signaling the onset of anharmonic molecular motion, and the FSC temperature T-L of the hydration water suggests that the change of mobility of the hydration water molecules across T-L drives the dynamic transition in DNA. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Chu, Xiangqiang/A-1572-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316 NR 20 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 17 AR 171103 DI 10.1063/1.2372491 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 102RE UT WOS:000241830200003 PM 17100421 ER PT J AU Krapchetov, DA Ma, H Jen, AKY Fischer, DA Loo, YL AF Krapchetov, Dmitry A. Ma, Hong Jen, Alex K. Y. Fischer, Daniel A. Loo, Yueh-Lin TI High-sensitivity transmission IR spectroscopy for the chemical identification and structural analysis of conjugated molecules on gallium arsenide surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORIENTATION; GAAS(100); GOLD; FABRICATION; TRANSPORT; SOLVENT; DEVICES; FILMS AB We demonstrate the use of high-sensitivity, off-normal transmission IR spectroscopy with s-polarized light to probe the chemical identity and orientation of quaterphenyldithiol (QPDT) molecular assemblies on GaAs as a function of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) concentration. NH4OH is added to the assembly solution to convert the thioacetyl groups on the QPDT precursor to thiolates. When assembled at high NH4OH concentrations, the acetyl groups are completely removed, and QPDT is disordered on GaAs. Assembly at low NH4OH concentrations, however, results in QPDT assemblies that are preferentially upright. The molecular orientation is further quantified with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Loo, YL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lloo@che.utexas.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Loo, Yueh-Lin/C-6607-2011; Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 23 BP 9491 EP 9494 DI 10.1021/la0623984 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 100LE UT WOS:000241669800007 PM 17073469 ER PT J AU Huang, H Winchester, KJ Suvorova, A Lawn, BR Liu, Y Hu, XZ Dell, JM Faraone, L AF Huang, H. Winchester, K. J. Suvorova, A. Lawn, B. R. Liu, Y. Hu, X. Z. Dell, J. M. Faraone, L. TI Effect of deposition conditions on mechanical properties of low-temperature PECVD silicon nitride films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE elastic modulus; hardness; PECVD; silicon nitride; thin film; nanoindentation ID THIN-FILMS; SINXHY DEPOSITION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; OPTICAL FILTERS; PLASMA; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION; STRESS; HARDNESS AB The effect of deposition conditions on characteristic mechanical properties - elastic modulus and hardness - of low-temperature PECVD silicon nitrides is investigated using nanoindentation. lt is found that increase in substrate temperature, increase in plasma power and decrease in chamber gas pressure all result in increases in elastic modulus and hardness. Strong correlations between the mechanical properties and film density are demonstrated. The silicon nitride density in turn is shown to be related to the chemical composition of the films, particularly the silicon/nitrogen ratio. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM han.huang@uq.edu.au RI Suvorova, Alexandra/B-9335-2011; Huang, Han/A-6025-2011; Liu, Yinong/G-6637-2011; Dell, John/B-2389-2013; Hu, Xiaozhi /H-4353-2011 OI Suvorova, Alexandra/0000-0001-8970-6058; Liu, Yinong/0000-0002-8784-8543; Dell, John/0000-0003-2801-3519; NR 23 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 435 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.015 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 100QI UT WOS:000241683200060 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Hervias, J Luzin, V Prask, H Gnaeupel-Herold, T Elices, M AF Ruiz-Hervias, J. Luzin, V. Prask, H. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. Elices, M. TI Effect of thermo-mechanical treatments on residual stresses measured by neutron diffraction in cold-drawn steel rods SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE residual stresses; neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction (XRD); pearlitic steels; drawing ID X-RAY; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; WIRES; CEMENTITE; FERRITE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; PHASES AB Cold-drawing is employed to fabricate wires and rods, which are mainly used as structural reinforcements in construction as well as in the tyre industry. As a consequence of processing, a residual stress profile is developed. The wires are subjected to post-drawing thermo-mechanical treatments with the aim of improving their durability and stress relaxation behaviour. It is claimed that they do so by reducing the residual stresses produced by cold-drawing, although no conclusive data have been given. In this paper, residual stress profiles are measured by neutron diffraction in two cold-drawn pearlitic steel rods subjected to a true strain 1.7: "as-drawn" and "stabilized" (thermo-mechanical treatment). The results show that the post-drawing treatment is very successful in reducing the residual stresses produced by drawing, especially in the surface region of the rods. This explains the improvement of the stress relaxation and stress corrosion behaviour observed in the "stabilized" samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ciencia Mat, ETSI Caminos Canales & Puertos, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruiz-Hervias, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ciencia Mat, ETSI Caminos Canales & Puertos, C Prof Aranguren S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jr@mater.upm.es RI Elices, Manuel/F-7703-2016; OI Elices, Manuel/0000-0002-8204-1580; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 435 BP 725 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.123 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 100QI UT WOS:000241683200099 ER PT J AU England, SL Maus, S Immel, TJ Mende, SB AF England, S. L. Maus, S. Immel, T. J. Mende, S. B. TI Longitudinal variation of the E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; IONOSPHERE; MIDDLE AB Polarization electric fields created by the E- and F-region dynamos cause the uplift of F-region plasma. The subsequent redistribution of that plasma along the magnetic field lines creates the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA). Observations of the post-sunset EIA made by the IMAGE and TIMED satellites are compared here with CHAMP, Orsted and SAC-C observations of the noontime equatorial electrojet (EEJ). During magnetically quiet periods around equinox, the EIA and EEJ show a remarkably similar four-peaked wave-like longitudinal variation. Its structure is consistent with the longitudinal variation in the strength of diurnal tides that drive the E- region dynamo. This indicates a strong vertical coupling between the ionosphere and troposphere because the four-peaked tidal structure is driven by tropospheric weather. Furthermore, the dayside ionospheric conditions are found to perform the global-scale longitudinal structure of the post-sunset ionosphere at low latitudes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP England, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM england@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 21 AR L21105 DI 10.1029/2006GL027465 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 103DN UT WOS:000241866000003 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Randel, WJ AF Seidel, Dian J. Randel, William J. TI Variability and trends in the global tropopause estimated from radiosonde data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; HEIGHT CHANGES; TIME-SERIES; TOTAL OZONE; PART II; STRATOSPHERE; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; REANALYSES AB This study examines global tropopause variability on synoptic, monthly, seasonal, and multidecadal timescales using 1980-2004 radiosonde data. On synoptic and monthly timescales, tropopause height variations are anticorrelated with stratospheric temperature variations and positively correlated with tropospheric temperature variations. Correlations are stronger in the extratropics than in the tropics, for the upper troposphere (500-300 hPa) than for the lower troposphere, and for the lower stratosphere than for the middle stratosphere. The extratropical tropopause is more sensitive to temperature changes than the tropical tropopause, and in both regions, monthly anomalies of tropopause height are more sensitive to stratospheric temperature change than tropospheric, rising 2-3 km per degree cooling of the lower stratosphere. Tropopause height trends over 1980-2004 are upward at almost all of the (predominantly extratropical) stations analyzed, yielding an estimated global trend of 64 +/- 21 m/decade, a corresponding tropopause pressure trend of -1.7 +/- 0.6 hPa/decade, and tropopause temperature decrease of 0.41 +/- 0.09 K/decade. These tropopause trends are accompanied by significant stratospheric cooling and smaller tropospheric warming. However, the tropopause trends are spatially correlated with stratospheric temperature trends and uncorrelated with tropospheric temperature trends. This association of tropopause height and stratospheric temperature trends, together with the presence of a significant quasi-biennial oscillation signal in tropopause height, suggests that at these lowest frequencies the tropopause is primarily coupled with stratospheric temperatures. Therefore, as an indicator of climate change, long-term changes in the tropopause may carry less information about changes throughout the vertical temperature profile than has been suggested by previous studies using reanalyses and global climate models. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab RARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab RARL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 44 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21101 DI 10.1029/2006JD007363 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103DR UT WOS:000241866400003 ER PT J AU Chen, SH Liu, L Faraone, A AF Chen, Sow-Hsin Liu, Li Faraone, A. TI Chen, Liu, and Faraone reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPERCOOLED WATER; CROSSOVER; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 AR 189803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.189803 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 101RH UT WOS:000241757600077 ER PT J AU Lara, M Bohn, JL Potter, D Soldan, P Hutson, JM AF Lara, Manuel Bohn, John L. Potter, Daniel Soldan, Pavel Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Ultracold Rb-OH collisions and prospects for sympathetic cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE; MOLECULES; SCATTERING; TRAPS; ATOMS; IONS AB We compute ab initio cross sections for cold collisions of Rb atoms with OH radicals. We predict collision rate constants of order 10(-11) cm(3)/s at temperatures in the range 10-100 mK at which molecules have already been produced. However, we also find that in these collisions the molecules have a strong propensity for changing their internal state, which could make sympathetic cooling of OH in a Rb buffer gas problematic in magnetostatic or electrostatic traps. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Czech Tech Univ, Doppler Inst, Dept Phys, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, Prague 11519 1, Czech Republic. RP Lara, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Soldan, Pavel/C-2256-2008; Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012 OI Soldan, Pavel/0000-0002-6281-7599; Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622 NR 28 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 AR 183201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.183201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 101RH UT WOS:000241757600022 PM 17155539 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Wieman, CE AF Papp, S. B. Wieman, C. E. TI Observation of heteronuclear feshbach molecules from a Rb-85-Rb-87 gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE AB We report on the observation of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. Starting with a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate and a cold atomic gas of Rb-85, we utilize previously unobserved interspecies Feshbach resonances to create up to 25 000 molecules. Even though the Rb-85 gas is nondegenerate, we observe a large molecular conversion efficiency due to the presence of a quantum degenerate Rb-87 gas; this represents a key feature of our system. We compare the molecule creation at two different Feshbach resonances with different magnetic-field widths. The two Feshbach resonances are located at 265.44 +/- 0.15 G and 372.4 +/- 1.3 G. We also directly measure the small binding energy of the molecules through resonant magnetic-field association. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM papp@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 33 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 AR 180404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.180404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 101RH UT WOS:000241757600004 PM 17155521 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Collier, SL Ostashev, VE Aldridge, DF Symon, NP Marlin, DH AF Wilson, D. Keith Collier, Sandra L. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Aldridge, David F. Symon, Neill P. Marlin, David H. TI Time-domain modeling of the acoustic impedance of porous surfaces SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; GROUND SURFACES; MEDIA; SIMULATION; REFLECTION; TORTUOSITY; EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY AB A time-domain boundary condition (TDBC) for acoustic reflections from a rigid-frame porous material is derived. The TDBC is the time-domain counterpart of the familiar, linear, frequency-dependent surface impedance for locally reacting surfaces. Although the TDBC is developed from a rather simple, two-parameter phenomenological model, it is shown to apply to a broad range of frequencies and to agree closely with predictions from more sophisticated models that do not have readily derivable time-domain formulas. The TDBC gives the pressure as the sum of two terms involving the particle velocity normal to the surface of the material: one term is directly proportional to the particle velocity at the present time, whereas the other involves a convolution of the particle velocity with a slowly decaying response function. Numerical implementation of the TDBC is discussed and illustrated with example finite-difference, time-domain calculations involving propagation over a porous ground surface. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 92 IS 6 BP 965 EP 975 PG 11 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 139EQ UT WOS:000244415500016 ER PT J AU Cahn, JW Mishin, Y Suzuki, A AF Cahn, John W. Mishin, Yuri Suzuki, Akira TI Coupling grain boundary motion to shear deformation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary motion; shear deformation; dislocations; molecular dynamics; copper ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; SLIDING BEHAVIOR; CUBIC METALS; MIGRATION; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISMS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DIFFUSION; STEPS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirm that normal grain boundary (GB) motion must often be coupled to tangential translation of grains and will then produce shear deformation of the lattice traversed by the GB. Conversely, shear stresses applied to a GB can induce its normal motion. Using [0 0 1] symmetrical tilt GBs in copper as a model, the coupling factor beta between the GB motion and grain translations has been calculated by MD simulations over the entire misorientation range and a wide range of temperatures. The coupling factor is multivalued, can be positive or negative, and shows an abrupt switch from one branch to another at a tilt angle of about 35 degrees. At high temperatures the response of high-angle GBs to shear changes from coupling to sliding until coupling disappears. No sliding is observed for low-angle GBs up to near the melting point. A geometric model of coupling proposed in this work predicts the misorientation dependence of beta in excellent agreement with MD results and relates the multivalued character of beta to the point symmetry of the crystal. Two kinct; of low-angle GBs with different dislocations occur when the tilt angle is small and again when it approaches 90 degrees. In these limits, the multiplicity of beta is explained by different Burgers vectors of the dislocations. The results of this work are summarized as a temperature-misorientatioti diagram of mechanical responses of GBs. Unsolved problems and future work in this area are discussed. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 69 TC 336 Z9 339 U1 20 U2 167 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 4953 EP 4975 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.004 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 105AX UT WOS:000242002800001 ER PT J AU Boulter, JE Cziczo, DJ Middlebrook, AM Thomson, DS Murphy, DM AF Boulter, J. E. Cziczo, D. J. Middlebrook, A. M. Thomson, D. S. Murphy, D. M. TI Design and performance of a pumped counterflow virtual impactor SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION NUCLEUS COUNTER; EFFICIENCY; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; CLOUDS AB Counterflow virtual impaction uses a flow of gas in a direction opposite the motion of the particles to separate them from gas and smaller particles. In the past such devices have used aircraft flight or wind tunnel flow to impart momentum to the particles. Here we describe the design and performance of an apparatus, termed a pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), which uses a vacuum pump to provide the flow. We show that this device is capable of inertial separation with a sub-micrometer cutoff diameter, particle enhancement approaching the ratio of the output to the input flow, and replacement of the ambient gas in the output flow with another gas that may be more suitable for downstream analysis techniques. Rejection of input gas and particles smaller than the cutoff diameter can exceed 99.9%. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Daniel.M.Murphy@noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1080/02786820600840984 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 088UE UT WOS:000240835800002 ER PT J AU Mellinger, DK Clark, CW AF Mellinger, David K. Clark, Christopher W. TI MobySound: A reference archive for studying automatic recognition of marine mammal sounds SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics CY NOV 16-18, 2005 CL MONACO SP Oceanog Museum DE sound archive; call recognition; SNR ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; FREQUENCY WHALE SOUNDS; BLUE WHALE; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; HYDROPHONE ARRAY; BRYDES WHALES; PHYSALUS; ALASKA; OCEAN AB A reference archive has been constructed to facilitate research on automatic recognition of marine mammal sounds. The archive enables researchers to have access to recorded sounds from a variety of marine species, sounds that can be very difficult to obtain in the field. The archive also lets researchers use different sound-recognition methods on a common set of sounds, making it possible to compare directly the effectiveness of the different methods. In recognizing sounds in a given recording, the type and frequency of noise present has a strong effect on the difficulty of the recognition problem; a measure of the amount of interference was devised, the "time-local, in-band, signal-to-noise ratio", and was applied to each sound in the archive. Current entries in the archive comprise low-frequency sounds of large whales, and have about 14,000 vocalizations from eight species of baleen whales. MobySound may be accessed at http://hmsc.oregonstate.edu/projects/MobySound/. Contributions to the archive are welcomed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Mellinger, DK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM David.Mellinger@oregonstate.edu; cwc2@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1226 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.06.002 PG 17 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 156JF UT WOS:000245643200015 ER PT J AU Wilson, AE Wilson, WA Hay, ME AF Wilson, Alan E. Wilson, Whitney A. Hay, Mark E. TI Intraspecific variation in growth and morphology of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; COLONIES; BACTERIA; STRAINS; LIGHT; RATES AB In the laboratory, we documented large variation in the morphology, toxicity, and maximum population growth rates for 32 Microcystis aeruginosa strains isolated from 12 lakes. Growth rates and mean colony sizes varied significantly across strains and were positively correlated. However, growth rates were unrelated to toxin production. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Wilson, AE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, NOAA, GLERL,Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM alan.e.wilson@gmail.com RI Hay, Mark/D-9752-2011 OI Hay, Mark/0000-0002-6130-9349 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 11 BP 7386 EP 7389 DI 10.1128/AEM.00834-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 105BH UT WOS:000242003800069 PM 16963555 ER PT J AU Hodges, JT Lisak, D AF Hodges, J. T. Lisak, D. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer for high-sensitivity measurements of water vapor concentration SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE MOISTURE; MODE; SENSOR; AIR AB We present a portable spectrometer that uses the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique capable of high-precision measurements of trace water vapor concentration. Measuring one of the strongest rovibrational transitions in the nu(1)+nu(3) water vapor combination band near (v) over tilde =7181.156 cm(-1), we compare spectroscopic and thermodynamic determinations of trace water vapor in N-2, and find systematic differences attributable to water vapor background effects and/or uncertainties in line intensities. We also compare the frequency-stabilized ring-down method with other cavity ring-down approaches that are based on unstabilized probe lasers and unstabilized ring-down cavities. We show that for the determination of water vapor concentration, the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down method has the minimum measurement uncertainty of these techniques. The minimum noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of the spectrometer was 1.2x10(-10) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) , which further corresponds to a minimum detectable water vapor mole fraction equal to 0.7x10(-9) for an absorption spectrum of 10 minutes duration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2411-y PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 087EG UT WOS:000240724900030 ER PT J AU Holmberg, DG Bender, J Galler, M AF Holmberg, David G. Bender, Joel Galler, Mike TI Using the BACnet (R) firewall router SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cornell Univ, Utilities Dept, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Holmberg, DG (reprint author), NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 11 BP B12 EP B16 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 105DP UT WOS:000242009900011 ER PT J AU Ritter, D Isler, B Mundt, HJ Treado, S AF Ritter, David Isler, Bernhard Mundt, Hans-Joachim Treado, Stephen TI Access control in BACnet SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Delta Controls, Surrey, BC, Canada. Siemens Bldg Technol, Fire Safety & Secur Prod, Zug, Switzerland. Siemens Bldg Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritter, D (reprint author), Delta Controls, Surrey, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 11 BP B28 EP B32 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 105DP UT WOS:000242009900016 ER PT J AU Shanmugaraju, A Moon, YJ Kim, YH Cho, KS Dryer, M Umapathy, S AF Shanmugaraju, A. Moon, Y. -J. Kim, Y. -H. Cho, K. -S. Dryer, M. Umapathy, S. TI X-ray plasma ejections associated with coronal type II shocks SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : radio radiation; Sun : flares; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA; RADIO-BURSTS; FLARE; ORIGIN; WAVE; RECONNECTION; CMES AB Context. Recent observations suggest that X-ray plasma ejections can drive coronal shocks and metric type IIs that are also generated in close association with the X-ray erupting features. Aims. The physical relationship between the plasma ejections and metric type II radio bursts are studied by analyzing the characteristics of ejecta and type IIs. Methods. We present the first comprehensive analysis of a set of 18 events of X-ray plasma ejections associated with coronal shocks inferred from metric type II radio bursts. For this study, we have utilized a list of 137 limb X-ray plasma ejection events and multiwavelength observations from GOES X-ray, Yohkoh SXT, SOHO/LASCO, and SOHO/EIT. Results. ( i) type IIs are reported only for about 15% of the 137 limb ejections; ( ii) there exists a close temporal relationship among the starting time of type IIs, the hard X-ray flare peak, and the ejecta time; ( iii) there exist negative correlations between X-ray loop length and starting frequency, and between the ejecta height and starting frequency of type IIs; ( iv) the type II formation height computed using the starting frequency and 1 x Newkirk electron density model is in close association with or above the height of X-ray ejecta; and ( v) while there is no correlation between the speeds of type II and ejecta, there seems to be a weak correlation between the speeds of type II and CME. Conclusions. Though the results suggest that some type IIs are generated in close association with the X-ray erupting features, it is not likely that X-ray plasma ejections are the main drivers of all coronal shocks and metric type II radio bursts due to the absence of correlation between both speeds and mostly sub-Alfenic speeds of the ejections. C1 Arul Anandar Coll, Dept Phys, Madurai 625514, Tamil Nadu, India. Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, KASI, Taejon 305348, South Korea. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Shanmugaraju, A (reprint author), Arul Anandar Coll, Dept Phys, Madurai 625514, Tamil Nadu, India. EM shanmugaraju_a@yahoo.com RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 458 IS 2 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064969 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093IO UT WOS:000241162200035 ER PT J AU Kim, J Yoon, SC Kim, SW Brechtel, F Jefferson, A Dutton, EG Bower, KN Cliff, S Schauer, JJ AF Kim, Jiyoung Yoon, Soon-Chang Kim, Sang-Woo Brechtel, Fred Jefferson, Anne Dutton, Ellsworth G. Bower, Keith N. Cliff, Steven Schauer, James J. TI Chemical apportionment of shortwave direct aerosol radiative forcing at the Gosan super-site, Korea during ACE-Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE surface aerosol radiative forcing; extinction; closure study; chemical apportionment; aerosol; ACE-Asia ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; JEJU ISLAND; CLIMATE; MODEL; CAMPAIGN AB Shortwave direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) at the surface as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) were estimated and chemically apportioned on the basis of ground-based aerosol and radiation measurements at the Gosan super-site in Korea during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) in April 2001. An aerosol optical model and a radiative transfer model (RTM) were employed to calculate the aerosol extinction coefficient and radiative flux at the surface, respectively. The calculated scattering and absorption coefficients for D(p) < 10 mu m aerosols agreed well with measured scattering and absorption coefficients with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 23.6 and 3.0 Mm(-1), respectively. The modeled direct and diffuse irradiances at the surface were also in good agreement with the measured direct and diffuse irradiances. In this study we found that the 17-day mean aerosol radiative forcing of -38.3 W m(-2) at the surface is attributable to mineral dust (45.7%), water-soluble components (sum of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)) (26.8%), and elemental carbon (EC) (26.4%). However, sea salt does not play a major role. For the cases of Asian dust and smoke episodic events on 26 April 2001, a diurnal averaged forcing of -36.2 W m(-2) was contributed by mineral dust (-18.8 W m(-2)), EC (-6.7 W m(-2)), and water-soluble components (-10.7 W m(-2)). The results of this study suggest that water-soluble and EC components as well as a mineral dust component are responsible for a large portion of the aerosol radiative forcing at the surface in the continental outflow region of East Asia. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul 156720, South Korea. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM yoon@snu.ac.kr RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 40 IS 35 BP 6718 EP 6729 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099PH UT WOS:000241607000004 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M AF Pagowski, Mariusz TI An iterative solution of flux-profile relationships in the surface layer for regional model applications SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE similarity theory; iterative solution; regional modeling ID ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; STRONG STABILITY; PARAMETERIZATION; EXTENSION AB Due to the implicit character of flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer, in mesoscale modeling it is common practice to calculate fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture with approximate formulas. The study presented here shows that a Newton-Raphson iterative procedure to calculate surface fluxes using broadly accepted formulations for universal stability functions is always convergent when an interval for the solution is properly specified. Independent of surface type (z(0), z(H)/z(0)), iterations converge to a solution for Obukhov stability parameter zeta with an accuracy of 1 x 10(-3) within three iterations for the unstable stratification, and within four iterations for the stable stratification. Thus, this investigation suggests that a proper iterative procedure to obtain surface fluxes is not only always convergent but is also computationally efficient and remains a practical alternative to approximate explicit methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, RGSDI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, RGSDI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mariusz.Pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 40 IS 35 BP 6892 EP 6897 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.027 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099PH UT WOS:000241607000019 ER PT J AU Benz, RW Nanda, H Castro-Roman, F White, SH Tobias, DJ AF Benz, Ryan W. Nanda, Hirsh Castro-Roman, Francisco White, Stephen H. Tobias, Douglas J. TI Diffraction-based density restraints for membrane and membrane-peptide molecular dynamics simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; LIPID-BILAYERS; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYER; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; CONSTANT-PRESSURE; DOUBLE-BONDS; DIOLEOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; MELITTIN AB We have recently shown that current molecular dynamics (MD) atomic force fields are not yet able to produce lipid bilayer structures that agree with experimentally-determined structures within experimental errors. Because of the many advantages offered by experimentally validated simulations, we have developed a novel restraint method for membrane MD simulations that uses experimental diffraction data. The restraints, introduced into the MD force field, act upon specified groups of atoms to restrain their mean positions and widths to values determined experimentally. The method was first tested using a simple liquid argon system, and then applied to a neat dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayer at 66% relative humidity and to the same bilayer containing the peptide melittin. Application of experiment-based restraints to the transbilayer double-bond and water distributions of neat DOPC bilayers led to distributions that agreed with the experimental values. Based upon the experimental structure, the restraints improved the simulated structure in some regions while introducing larger differences in others, as might be expected from imperfect force fields. For the DOPC-melittin system, the experimental transbilayer distribution of melittin was used as a restraint. The addition of the peptide caused perturbations of the simulated bilayer structure, but which were larger than observed experimentally. The melittin distribution of the simulation could be fit accurately to a Gaussian with parameters close to the observed ones, indicating that the restraints can be used to produce an ensemble of membrane-bound peptide conformations that are consistent with experiments. Such ensembles pave the way for understanding peptide-bilayer interactions at the atomic level. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tobias, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM stephen.white@uci.edu; dtobias@uci.edu RI White, Stephen/B-1053-2009; Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 OI White, Stephen/0000-0001-8540-7907; FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR014812, RR14812]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46823, GM68002, R01 GM046823, R01 GM068002]; NLM NIH HHS [5 T15 LM00744] NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 3617 EP 3629 DI 10.1529/bipohysj.106.084483 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 100XC UT WOS:000241702500008 PM 16950837 ER PT J AU Collette, BB McDowell, JR Graves, JE AF Collette, Bruce B. McDowell, Jan R. Graves, John E. TI Phylogeny of recent billfishes (Xiphioidei) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID MARKERS AB Billfishes are genetically and morphologically distinct enough from scombroids to merit placement in a separate suborder, Xiphioidei. Two extant families are usually recognized: Xiphiidae (swordfish, Xiphias) and Istiophoridae, currently containing three genera, Istiophorus (sailfishes), Makaira (marlins), and Tetrapturus (spearfishes, white, and striped marlins). Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (mitochondrial control region, ND2, 12S, and nuclear MN 32 regions) show a different picture of relationships. Makaira is not monophyletic: blue marlin cluster with sailfish and placement of black marlin is unstable. Accepting the molecular phylogeny gives two possible classifications: (1) two genera: blue marlin + sailfish (as Istiophorus) and all the rest (as Tetrapturus), or (2) five genera: blue marlin (Makaira), sailfish (Istiophorus), black marlin (Istiompax), striped and white marlin (Kajikia), and four spearfishes (Tetrapturus). We prefer the latter possibility. There is no genetic evidence to support recognition of separate species of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific sailfishes or blue marlins. Atlantic white marlin, Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) is closely related to Indo-Pacific striped marlin, Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887). The four spearfishes are closely related: the three Atlantic species, longbill (Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins and de Sylva, 1963), Mediterranean (Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, 1810), and roundscale (Tetrapturus georgii Lowe, 1841), and the one Indo-Pacific species, shortbill (Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1915). The roundscale is the most divergent of the spearfishes. A fifth putative Tetrapturus sp., the "hatchet marlin" clusters with roundscale Spearfish but these two "species" could not be differentiated in this analysis. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, MRC-0153, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM collettb@si.edu NR 35 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 455 EP 468 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300003 ER PT J AU Shivji, MS Magnussen, JE Beerkircher, LR Hinteregger, G Lee, DW Serafy, JE Prince, ED AF Shivji, Mahmood S. Magnussen, Jennifer E. Beerkircher, Lawrence R. Hinteregger, George Lee, Dennis W. Serafy, Joseph E. Prince, Eric D. TI Validity, identification, and distribution of the roundscale spearfish, Tetrapturus georgii (Teleostei : Istiophoridae): Morphological and molecular evidence SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council AB The roundscale Spearfish, Tetrapturus georgii Lowe, 1840, is known only from four specimens from the Mediterranean and eastern North Atlantic. Additional specimens have not been identified since 1961, making the validity and distribution of this species unclear. Analysis of 16 billfish specimens from the western North Atlantic on the basis of scale morphology, anus position, and mitochondrial DNA confirms the validity of this species and extends its distribution. Mid-lateral scales are soft, notably rounded anteriorly, and bear 2-3 points distinct from those of the sympatric longbill Spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins and de Sylva, 1963) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860). Position of anus relative to first anal fin and a related morphometric ratio (distance from anus to first anal fin origin: height of first anal fin) are intermediate between T pfluegeri and T albidus. These characteristics match those described by Robins (1974) from the four eastern North Atlantic specimens of T georgii. The mitochondrial ND4L, ND4, and cyt b gene sequences strongly support reciprocal monophyly of the western North Atlantic specimens relative to other Atlantic istiophorids. The difficulty in distinguishing between morphologically similar T georgii and T albidus in the field and the previously unrecognized presence of T georgii in the western North Atlantic has implications for stock assessments of T albidus, a species that is severely overfished. C1 Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shivji, MS (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM mahmood@nova.edu NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 483 EP 491 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300005 ER PT J AU Bremer, JRA Hinton, MG Greig, HW AF Bremer, Jaime R. Alvarado Hinton, Michael G. Greig, Thomas W. TI Evidence of spatial genetic heterogeneity in Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius) revealed by the analysis of ldh-A sequences SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID DNA CONTROL REGION; GLOBAL POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RARE ALLELES; DIFFERENTIATION; VARIABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; MIGRATION; NUCLEAR; OCEAN AB DNA sequence polymorphisms contained in intron 6 of the lactate dehydrogenase-A (ldh-A) gene were used to examine the genetic population structure of Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758). Seven alleles defined by five polymorphic sites were identified among 305 swordfish. Comparisons of allele frequency were conducted for 11 samples, including Chile (multiple years), Ecuador (multiple years), Mexico, Hawaii (multiple years), eastern Australia, and western Australia. Although there was evidence of genic differentiation, global differentiation was low (F-st = 0.001). To increase the power of the tests of differentiation, samples within each region were pooled into four regional samples. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed, and the global fixation index increased more than tenfold (F-st = 0.013). Global exact tests of genic and genotypic differentiation were significant, and so were the pair-wise comparisons between the south-eastern Pacific Ocean (SEPO) sample from Chile, and all other regions. In addition, the north-eastern Pacific Ocean (NEPO; Ecuador to Mexico) was different from the north-central Pacific Ocean (NCPO; Hawaii), which in turn was different from the south-western Pacific Ocean (SWPO; pooled eastern and western Australia). These results may have important implications for the fishery management of Pacific swordfish, particularly because of the heterogeneity observed between SEPO and NEPO. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bremer, JRA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM alvaradj@tamug.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 493 EP 503 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300006 ER PT J AU Orrell, TM Collette, BB Johnson, GD AF Orrell, Thomas M. Collette, Bruce B. Johnson, G. David TI Molecular data support separate scombroid and xiphioid clades SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID CICHLID FISHES; CYTOCHROME-B; EVOLUTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERCIFORMES; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TELEOSTEI; DNA; MACKERELS AB Molecular data (single copy nuclear DNA Tmo-4C4 and combined Tmo-4C4 and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b) lead to the following conclusions about the interrelationships of "scombroid" fishes. In both the single copy nuclear DNA (scnDNA) and combined molecular data sets, billfishes (Xiphioidei) and tunas and mackerels (Scombroidei) are separate clades. In the scnDNA parsimony clade, Pomatomus is basal to other scombroids. Sphyraena is excluded from the scombroids in all analyses, but only in the scnDNA analysis is Gasterochisma the basal scombrid. The subfamilies Gasterochismatinae and Scombrinae and the tribe Scombrini (mackerels) are supported by both data sets, but the tribes Scomberomorini, Sardini, and Thunnini do not have molecular support. Morphological data place Allothunnus at the base of the Thunnini but the molecular data do not support this. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, NMFS, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Orrell, TM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM orrellt@si.edu NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 505 EP 519 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300007 ER PT J AU Maunder, MN Hinton, MG Bigelow, KA Langley, AD AF Maunder, Mark N. Hinton, Michael G. Bigelow, Keith A. Langley, Adam D. TI Developing indices of abundance using habitat data in a statistical framework SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; PELAGIC FISHES; DEPTH; GEAR AB We describe the statistical application of the habitat-based standardization (statHBS) of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data to derive indices of relative abundance. The framework is flexible, including multiple component models to accommodate factors such as habitat, sampling, and animal behavior. It allows the use of prior information or the completely independent estimation of model components (e.g., habitat preference). The integration with a general linear model framework allows convenient comparison with traditional methods used to standardize CPUE data. The statistical framework allows model selection and estimation of uncertainty. The statHBS model is applied to bigeye tuna in the western and central Pacific Ocean. We describe several additional improvements to the methodology. C1 Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. RP Maunder, MN (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mmaunder@iattc.org NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 545 EP 559 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300010 ER PT J AU Hoolihan, JP AF Hoolihan, John P. TI Estimating survival and recovery probabilities for Arabian Gulf sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) from tag recovery studies SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SPORTFISHING GEAR; ATLANTIC SAILFISH; MARKED ANIMALS; TELEMETRY; MARLIN; AGE; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; MODELS AB Conventional tagging mark-recovery data for 1686 releases and 85 dead recoveries from Arabian Gulf sailfish [Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792)] were used to estimate conditional survival (S) and tag recovery (f) probabilities in program mark. An a priori approach was used to construct seven plausible models wherein the S and f parameter probabilities were constrained to be constant or allowed to vary over years. Models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion weights (AIC(c)) and model probabilities were computed. There was some model selection uncertainty and the best model had a 0.619 probability of being the so-called true model for the parameters estimated. The best model produced the best estimated average annual survival over the 5 yr study at 0.375 (SE = 0.324, 95% CI = 0.252-0.516. A more robust multimodel inference was made by averaging the seven models, producing an estimated average annual survival of 0.382 (SE = 0.068, 95%Cl = 0.246-0.518). Post hoc analyses of five additional models incorporating Iranian sailfish catch data as covariates showed no relationship between the Iranian catch and survival probability, but did show a positive relationship between the Iranian catch and recovery probability, suggesting that if catch was high then recovery probability was also high. C1 NOAA, NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hoolihan, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.hoolihan@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300012 ER PT J AU Walsh, WA Howell, EA Bigelow, KA McCracken, ML AF Walsh, William A. Howell, Evan A. Bigelow, Keith A. McCracken, Marti L. TI Analyses of observed longline catches of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, using generalized additive models with operational and environmental predictors SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID FISHERY; RATES AB Five generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed and evaluated to analyze blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacepede, 1802 catches reported by fishery observers in the Hawaii-based longline fishery from March 1994 through February 2004. The coefficients from three GAMs were applied to the corresponding predictor variables in logbooks from unobserved fishing trips to predict catches (n = 97,557 longline sets). Results demonstrated that application of an overparameterized GAM (7 predictors, 40 degrees of freedom per predictor) yielded an inaccurate (26.6% greater than corrected logbook data) and imprecise (breadth of 95% prediction interval (PI): 105% of the point estimate) unobserved catch estimate. The same operational and environmental predictors allotted 66%-70% fewer degrees of freedom predicted unobserved catches accurately (apparent error: -3.4%, 6.5%) and with reasonable precision (breadth of 95% prediction intervals: 21%, 24% of the estimated catch). Several extrinsic factors (e.g., hooks per float) not previously evaluated were significantly associated with blue marlin catches when used in another explanatory GA.M. Results are discussed relative to the need to utilize fishery observer data effectively with billfishes, which are generally taken as by-catch or incidental catch in longline fisheries, because observer data are likely to be the most accurate available information. C1 Univ Hawaii, Fisheries Pacifis Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res,Pelag Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Walsh, WA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Fisheries Pacifis Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res,Pelag Fisheries, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM William.Walsh@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 607 EP 622 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300014 ER PT J AU Jesien, RV Barse, AM Smyth, S Prince, ED Serafy, JE AF Jesien, Roman V. Barse, Ann M. Smyth, Steven Prince, Eric D. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Characterization of the white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) recreational fishery off Maryland and New Jersey SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID RELEASE FISHERIES; CIRCLE; HOOKS C1 Maryalnd Coastal Bays Natl Estuary Program, Ocean City, MD USA. Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Jesien, RV (reprint author), Maryalnd Coastal Bays Natl Estuary Program, 9919 Stephen Decatur Highway,Suite 4, Ocean City, MD USA. EM science@mdcoast-albays.org NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 647 EP 657 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300017 ER PT J AU Kitchell, JF Martell, SJD Walters, CJ Jensen, OP Kaplan, IC Watters, J Essington, TE Boggs, CH AF Kitchell, James F. Martell, Steven J. D. Walters, Carl J. Jensen, Olaf P. Kaplan, Issac C. Watters, Jeffrey Essington, Timothy E. Boggs, Christopher H. TI Billfishes in an ecosystem context SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHANK J HOOKS; LONGLINE FISHERIES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; FISHING METHODS; BY-CATCH; TUNA; PREDATION; COMMUNITY AB There is a rising tenor of calls for ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management. Many billfishes are apex predators in pelagic food webs and, therefore, of potential ecological significance as keystone predators. Most billfishes are vulnerable to exploitation effects, especially those taken as by-catch where longline fishing occurs. We developed a series of ecosystem models that serve as tools for evaluating the role of billfishes and their fisheries across a range of scales. One of those models addressed ecological questions about responses to large marine protected areas. Another developed ecological and economic forecasts of billfish responses to reduced by-catch through specific changes in longline gear. A third posits the outcome of mandatory use of circle hooks by longline fisheries as a means for reducing sea turtle mortality. Changing to circle hooks in commercial fisheries has profound effects on catch rates for many fishes and, therefore, evokes substantial changes in food web dynamics. Enhanced catch-release practices for billfishes produce an ameliorative response that reduces mortality rates and furthers the economic benefits of recreational fisheries. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kitchell, JF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Kitchell@wisc.edu RI Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011; Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 669 EP 682 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300019 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Humphreys, R Musyl, M Lynn, E Vetter, R AF Hyde, John R. Humphreys, Robert Musyl, Mike Lynn, Eric Vetter, Russell TI A central north pacific spawning ground for striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID BLUE MARLIN; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; IDENTIFICATION; LARVAE; FISH; BILLFISH; CURRENTS; EDDIES; MODEL; PCR AB Istiophorid billfishes are notoriously difficult to identify to species, especially early life history stages. Traditional use of morphology and pigment based characters for species separation of larvae can fail when faced with moderate levels of intra-specific phenotypic plasticity. Unfortunately, as the early life history of marine fishes can play an important role in reproductive success and management strategies, we are potentially missing or confounding valuable data by misidentifying specimens. We recently presented a DNA based method of identification for near real-time processing of ichthyoplankton samples. Using this method we have unambiguously identified seven striped marlin larvae from Hawaiian waters. Additional analysis of DNA sequence data shows that these larvae all have unique mitochondrial haplotypes indicating they each had different mothers and were not the result of a single chance event. This represents the first detection of spawning activity in an area that historically has been regarded as only nursery habitat for this species. This finding has important ramifications for fishery management as striped marlin represent a significant portion of the billfish catch in the Hawaii-based longline fishery. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr W Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Ctrv, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jrhyde@ucsd.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 683 EP 690 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300020 ER PT J AU Luckhurst, BE Prince, ED Llopiz, JK Snodgrass, D Brothers, EB AF Luckhurst, Brian E. Prince, Eric D. Llopiz, Joel K. Snodgrass, Derke Brothers, Edward B. TI Evidence of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) spawning in Bermuda waters and elevated mercury levels in large specimens SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID OFFSHORE WATERS; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; FREQUENCY; FECUNDITY; GROWTH; FISHERY; FLORIDA; TISSUE; TUNA AB The gonads of 11 adult female blue marlin (Makaira nigricans Lacepede, 1803) caught mostly in July in Bermuda waters (2002-2005), and ranging in weight from 242-465 kg, were evaluated histologically for reproductive status. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of these specimens ranged from 0.70%-6.22%; specimens with a GSI >= 3 were reproductively active. Based on gonad histology, 70% of the females caught in July were actively spawning or in spawning condition, with post-ovulatory follicles (POFs) or in final stages of oocyte maturation. These observations confirm that active spawning occurs in Bermuda waters in July and significantly extends the known northern spawning range of blue marlin in the western Atlantic Ocean. In addition, our largest specimen (465 kg) examined histologically was in spawning condition. This appears to be the first reproductively active specimen of this size ever reported. For the first time, a juvenile blue marlin (256 mm lower jaw fork length) was collected at Bermuda's northerly latitude (32 degrees N). The estimated age of this specimen (42 d), obtained by counting daily growth increments on the sagitta, produced an estimated birth date in mid-July. White muscle tissue samples from 13 blue marlin (50-545 kg) specimens from the western North Atlantic (four from Bermuda), were analyzed for total mercury (THg) and had values from 1.77-12.7 ppm. These values are amongst the highest THg concentrations reported in any teleost. The high reproductive potential of the largest females, as well as their questionable food value due to THg contamination, suggests that consideration be given to reducing fishing mortality. C1 NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Dept Environm Protect, Marine Resources Div, Crawl, Bermuda. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EFS Consultants, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov OI Llopiz, Joel/0000-0002-7584-7471 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 691 EP 704 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300021 ER PT J AU Prince, ED Holts, DB Snodgrass, D Orbesen, ES Luo, JG Domeier, ML Serafy, JE AF Prince, Eric D. Holts, David B. Snodgrass, Derke Orbesen, Eric S. Luo, Jiangang Domeier, Michael L. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Transboundary movement of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, off the pacific coast of Central America SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council AB The sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792), is one of the most frequently caught istiophorids along the Pacific coast of Central America. Although conventional constituent-based tagging of sailfish in this region has been ongoing for several decades, little insight has emerged regarding their movements among multinational territorial waters. We used pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to evaluate questions of management unit for sailfish in this region. A total of 41 PSATs were deployed on sailfish caught with recreational gear off Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama. The 32 deployments that transmitted data yielded displacements (point of release to point of first pop-up transmission) that ranged from 21 to 572 nmi (39-1059 km). Monitoring durations ranged from 5 to 118 d, for a total aggregate of 1571 d. More than half of the deployments (22 of 32, or 68%) resulted in displacement vectors outside the EEZ or territorial waters of the country of tagging (lower bounds estimate). In addition, upper bounds estimates of tracks using two algorithms ranged from 57 to 65 transboundary crossings; average days to make a transboundary crossing ranged from 12 to 20 d, respectively. Given the relatively short residence time in the national waters of tagging, these movements strongly suggest that this resource requires management at the regional rather than national level. C1 NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 827 EP 838 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300031 ER PT J AU van der Straten, KM Collette, BB Leung, LKP Johnston, SD AF van der Straten, Kaye M. Collette, Bruce B. Leung, Luke K. -P. Johnston, Stephen D. TI Sperm morphology of the black marlin (Makaira indica) differs from scombroid sperm SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID ULTRASTRUCTURE; FISHES AB To assess the relationships of billfishes with other scombroids, sperm morphology of the black marlin, Makaira indica (Cuvier, 1832), was compared with that of published data for scombroids such as bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) and sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792). Testicular tissue samples were collected from four spawning black marlin from the Coral Sea, Australia, and processed for standard transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of black marlin (and sailfish) sperm revealed morphological features characteristic of the simple type I teleost sperm. In contrast, the more advanced type 11 sperm ultrastructure is exhibited by the bluefin tuna, little tunny, and other scombroids. This lends support to the hypothesis that the billfishes are distinct enough from tunas and other scombroids (Scombroidei) to warrant placement in a separate suborder: Xiphioidei. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP van der Straten, KM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. EM k.vanderstraten@uq.edu.au NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 839 EP 845 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300032 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Capo, TR Kelble, CR AF Serafy, Joseph E. Capo, Thomas R. Kelble, Christopher R. TI Live capture of larval billfishes: Design and field testing of the continuous access neuston observation net (CANON) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID SAILFISH ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BLUE MARLIN; IDENTIFICATION C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM joe.serafy@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 853 EP 857 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300034 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Perez, NF Snodgrass, D Serafy, JE Prince, ED Arocha, F Capo, TR Tan, CK AF Schultz, Duane R. Perez, Nereida F. Snodgrass, Derke Serafy, Joseph E. Prince, Eric D. Arocha, Freddy Capo, Thomas R. Tan, Cheng-Keat TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and billfish gender: Testing muscle tissue and surface mucus in tagging studies SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID VITELLOGENIN; ATLANTIC; PLASMA; FISH; SEX; INDUCTION; GONADS C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Oriente, Inst Oceanog Venezuela, Cumana, Venezuela. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM dschultz@med.miami.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 859 EP 864 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300035 ER PT J AU Stuart, NA Market, PS Tielfeyan, B Lackmann, GM Carey, K Brooks, HE Nietfeld, D Motta, BC Reeves, K AF Stuart, Neil A. Market, Partick S. Tielfeyan, Bruce Lackmann, Gary M. Carey, Kenneth Brooks, Harold E. Nietfeld, Daniel Motta, Brian C. Reeves, Ken TI The future of humans in an increasingly automated forecast process SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE C1 Natl Weather Serv, Wakefield, VA USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mitretek Syst Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Omaha, NE USA. Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. AccuWeather Inc, State Coll, PA USA. RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 251 Fuller Rd,Suite B300, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM neil.stuart@noaa.gov RI Motta, Brian/D-7521-2015 OI Motta, Brian/0000-0002-9048-6432 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1497 EP 1502 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1497 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108HT UT WOS:000242231600013 ER PT J AU Houze, RA Chen, SS Lee, WC Rogers, RF Moore, JA Stossmeister, GJ Bell, MM Cetrone, J Zhao, W Brodzik, SR AF Houze, Robert A., Jr. Chen, Shuyi S. Lee, Wen-Chau Rogers, Robert F. Moore, James A. Stossmeister, Gregory J. Bell, Michael M. Cetrone, Jasmine Zhao, Wei Brodzik, S. Rita TI The hurricane rainband and intensity change experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; SPIRAL BANDS; VERTICAL SHEAR AB The Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) used three P3 aircraft aided by high-resolution numerical modeling and satellite communications to investigate the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina, Ophelia, and Rita. The aim was to increase the understanding of tropical cyclone intensity change by interactions between a tropical cyclone in-ner core and rainbands. All three aircraft had dual-Doppler radars, with the Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) on board the Naval Research Laboratory's P3 aircraft, providing particularly detailed Doppler radar data. Numerical forecasts helped plan the aircraft missions, and innovative communications and data transfer in real time allowed the flights to coordinated from a ground based operations center. The P3 aircraft released approximately 600 dropsondes in locations targeted for optimal coordination with the Doppler radar data, as guided by the operations center. The storms were observed in all stages of development, from tropical depression to category 5 hurricane data from RAINEX are readily available through an online Field Catalog and RAINEX Data Archive. The RAINEX dataset is illustrated in this article by a preliminary analysis of Hurricane Rita, which was documented by multiaircraft flights on five days 1) while a tropical storm, 2) while rapidly intensifying to a category 5 hurricane, 3) during an eyewall replacement, 4) when the hurricane became asymmetric upon encountering environmental shear, and 5) just prior to landfall. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. RP Houze, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM houze@atmos.washington.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Zhao, Wei/K-7846-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; NR 71 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1521 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1503 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108HT UT WOS:000242231600014 ER PT J AU Rogers, R Aberson, S Black, M Black, P Cione, J Dodge, P Dunion, J Gamache, J Kaplan, J Powell, M Shay, N Surgi, N Uhlhorn, E AF Rogers, Robert Aberson, Sim Black, Michael Black, Peter Cione, Joe Dodge, Peter Dunion, Jason Gamache, John Kaplan, John Powell, Mark Shay, Nick Surgi, Naomi Uhlhorn, Eric TI The intensity forecasting experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; WIND FIELDS; INNER CORE; HURRICANES; LAYER; GULF AB In 2005, NOAA`s Hurricane Research Division (HRD), part of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, began a multiyear experiment called the Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX). By emphasizing a partnership among NOAA:s HRD, Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), National Hurricane Center (NHC), Aircraft Operations Center (AOC), and National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service (NESDIS), IFEX represents a new approach for conducting hurricane field program operations. IFEX is intended to improve the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change by 1) collecting observations that span the TC life cycle in a variety of environments; 2) developing and refining measurement technologies that provide improved real-time monitoring of TC intensity, structure, and environment; and 3) improving the understanding of the physical processes important in intensity change for a TC at all stages of its life cycle. This paper presents a summary of the accomplishments of IFEX during the 2005 hurricane season. New and refined technologies for measuring such fields as surface and three-dimensional wind, fields, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, were achieved in a variety of field experiments that spanned the life cycle of several tropical cyclones, from formation and early organization to peak intensity and subsequent landfall or extratropical transition. Partnerships with other experiments during 2005 also expanded the spatial and temporal coverage of the data collected in 2005. A brief discussion of the plans for IFEX in 2006 is also provided. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.Rogers@noaa.gov RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014; CIONE, JOSEPH/B-2973-2014; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014; dodge, peter/A-9808-2017 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378; Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342; CIONE, JOSEPH/0000-0002-2011-887X; Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888; NR 27 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1523 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1523 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108HT UT WOS:000242231600015 ER PT J AU Businger, S Johnson, R Talbot, R AF Businger, S. Johnson, R. Talbot, R. TI Scientific insights from four generations of Lagrangian smart balloons in atmospheric research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS TRANSITION EXPERIMENT; EXPERIMENT MARINE AEROSOL; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; AIR-MASS TRACKING; GAS-EXCHANGE; ASTEX; EVOLUTION; ENTRAINMENT AB This paper provides an overview of the trials and successes in the development of an autonomous balloon instrument platform (smart balloon) and reviews scientific insights gained through its employment as a marker in a Lagrangian strategy during recent field experiments. The smart balloons are designed and constructed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory Field Research Division in collaboration with the University of Hawaii. In a 2004 field deployment a smart balloon carrying a miniature ozone sensor successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Long Island, New York, to the African coast of Morocco. Significant progress has been made through field experiments such as this in our understanding of the relationships between the evolution of marine boundary layers and the chemistry of aerosol and gaseous constituents in clean and polluted air masses. Innovation in design and advances in instrument and communication technology have opened a dramatic new range of applications for the smart balloon in atmospheric research, including, for example, the interesting prospect of making observations very near the ocean surface in hurricanes and typhoons, which are not possible with research aircraft. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, ARLFRD, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Businger, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM businger@hawaii.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1539 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1539 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108HT UT WOS:000242231600016 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM Greene, CM Hall, JE Davies, JR AF Kiffney, P. M. Greene, C. M. Hall, J. E. Davies, J. R. TI Tributary streams create spatial discontinuities in habitat, biological productivity, and diversity in mainstem rivers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM CONCEPT; FOOD WEBS; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; HETEROGENEITY; DISTURBANCE; PERIPHYTON; LANDSCAPE AB Lotic ecosystems are made up of numerous tributary streams forming a complex branching network. The point where smaller tributaries flow into larger rivers, or tributary junctions, may be sites in the network where spatial discontinuities or "hot spots" are created and maintained, because small streams funnel important materials captured from the surrounding landscape and carry them by gravity downstream. We hypothesized that habitat complexity, environmental productivity, and abundance of primary consumers and predators peak in mainstem rivers at or downstream of tributary junctions. We conducted surveys in three river basins and 13 reaches to examine interdependence between tributary streams and the larger rivers they enter. Wood abundance and volume, variability in median substrate size (i.e., substrate heterogeneity), concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, algal biomass, and abundance of consumers and predators peaked with a higher frequency at or downstream of tributary junctions. For several variables, the size of the tributary relative to the main stem contributed to the strength of tributary affect. These findings suggest that some tributary streams have fundamental effects on the larger rivers they enter. We argue that maintaining the integrity of connections among and between ecosystems is essential for promoting habitat complexity and community structure within river networks. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 36 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 2518 EP 2530 DI 10.1139/F06-138 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104NL UT WOS:000241965000011 ER PT J AU Sun, R Jenkins, MA Krueger, SK Mell, W Charney, JJ AF Sun, Ruiyu Jenkins, Mary Ann Krueger, Steven K. Mell, William Charney, Joseph J. TI An evaluation of fire-plume properties simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled wildfire model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SPREAD; MEDIA AB Before using a fluid dynamics physically based wildfire model to study wildfire, validation is necessary and model results need to be systematically and objectively analyzed and compared to real fires, which requires suitable data sets. Observational data from the Meteotron experiment are used to evaluate the fire-plume properties simulated by two fluid dynamics numerical wildfire models, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled atmosphere-fire model. Comparisons based on classical plume theory between numerical model and experimental Meteotron results show that plume theory, because of its simplifying assumptions, is a fair but restricted rendition of important plume-averaged properties. The study indicates that the FDS, an explicit and computationally demanding model, produces good agreement with the Meteotron results even at a relatively coarse horizontal grid size of 4 m for the FDS, while the coupled atmosphere-fire model, a less explicit and less computationally demanding model, can produce good agreement, but that the agreement is sensitive to surface vertical-grid sizes and the method by which the energy released from the fire is put into the atmosphere. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. United States Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sun, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rsun@met.utah.edu RI Sun, Ruiyu/H-9595-2012 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2894 EP 2908 DI 10.1139/X06-138 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142KE UT WOS:000244647500018 ER PT J AU Zhang, CD Dong, M Gualdi, S Hendon, HH Maloney, ED Marshall, A Sperber, KR Wang, WQ AF Zhang, Chidong Dong, Min Gualdi, Silvio Hendon, Harry H. Maloney, Eric D. Marshall, Andrew Sperber, Kenneth R. Wang, Wanqiu TI Simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SUMMER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; COMPOSITE LIFE-CYCLE; CONVECTION PARAMETERIZATION; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MOISTURE CONVERGENCE AB The status of the numerical reproduction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) by current global models was assessed through diagnoses of four pairs of coupled and uncoupled simulations. Slow eastward propagation of the MJO, especially in low-level zonal wind, is realistic in all these simulations. However, the simulated MJO suffers from several common problems. The MJO signal in precipitation is generally too weak and often eroded by an unrealistic split of an equatorial maximum of precipitation into a double ITCZ structure over the western Pacific. The MJO signal in low-level zonal wind, on the other hand, is sometimes too strong over the eastern Pacific but too weak over the Indian Ocean. The observed phase relationship between precipitation and low-level zonal wind associated with the MJO in the western Pacific and their coherence in general are not reproduced by the models. The seasonal migration in latitude of MJO activity is missing in most simulations. Air-sea coupling generally strengthens the simulated eastward propagating signal, but its effects on the phase relationship and coherence between precipitation and low-level zonal wind, and on their geographic distributions, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability are inconsistent among the simulations. Such inconsistency cautions generalization of results from MJO simulations using a single model. In comparison to observations, biases in the simulated MJO appear to be related to biases in the background state of mean precipitation, low-level zonal wind, and boundary-layer moisture convergence. This study concludes that, while the realistic simulations of the eastward propagation of the MJO are encouraging, reproducing other fundamental features of the MJO by current global models remains an unmet challenge. C1 MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, Bologna, Italy. BMRC, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, CPC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhang, CD (reprint author), MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM czhang@rsmas.miami.edu RI Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Gualdi, Silvio/F-3061-2015; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 OI Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Gualdi, Silvio/0000-0001-7777-8935; NR 93 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 573 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0148-2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 085OP UT WOS:000240613700002 ER PT J AU Sandwell, DT Smith, WHF Gille, S Kappel, E Jayne, S Soofi, K Coakley, B Geli, L AF Sandwell, David T. Smith, Walter H. F. Gille, Sarah Kappel, Ellen Jayne, Steven Soofi, Khalid Coakley, Bernard Geli, Louis TI Bathymetry from space: Rationale and requirements for a new, high-resolution altimetric mission SO COMPTES RENDUS GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bathymetry from space; high-resolution altimetry; seafloor topography; major current systems; ocean mixing rate; topography/gravity ratio (T/G); bathymetric models ID ERS-1 GEODETIC MISSION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; OCEAN; GEOSAT; PREDICTION; TOPOGRAPHY; PROVINCES; SEAMOUNTS AB Bathymetry is foundational data, providing basic infrastructure for scientific, economic, educational, managerial, and political work. Applications as diverse as tsunami hazard assessment, communications cable and pipeline route planning, resource exploration, habitat management, and territorial claims under the Law of the Sea all require reliable bathymetric maps to be available on demand. Fundamental Earth science questions, such as what controls seafloor shape and how seafloor shape influences global climate, also cannot be answered without bathymetric maps having globally uniform detail. Current bathymetric, charts are inadequate for many of these applications because only a small fraction of the seafloor has been surveyed. Modern multibeam echosounders provide the best resolution, but it would take more than 200 ship-years and billions of dollars to complete the job. The seafloor topography can be charted globally, in five years, and at a cost under $100M. A radar altimeter mounted on an orbiting spacecraft can measure slight variations in ocean surface height, which reflect variations in the pull of gravity caused by seafloor topography. A new satellite altimeter mission, optimized to map the deep ocean bathymetry and gravity field, will provide a global map of the world's deep oceans at a resolution of 6-9 kin. This resolution threshold is critical for a large number of basic science and practical applications, including: determining the effects of bathymetry and seafloor roughness on ocean circulation, mixing, climate, and biological communities, habitats, and mobility; understanding the geologic processes responsible for ocean floor features unexplained by simple plate tectonics, such as abyssal hills, seamounts, microplates, and propagating rifts;. improving tsunami hazard forecast accuracy by mapping the deep-ocean topography that steers tsunami wave energy; mapping the marine gravity field to improve inertial navigation and provide homogeneous coverage of continental margins; providing bathymetric maps for numerous other practical applications, including reconnaissance for submarine cable and pipeline routes, improving tide models, and assessing potential territorial claims to the seabed under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Because ocean bathymetry is a fundamental measurement of our planet, there is a broad spectrum of interest from government, the research community, industry, and the general public. Mission requirements. The resolution of the altimetry technique is limited by physical law, not instrument capability. Everything that can be mapped from space can be achieved now, and there is no gain in waiting for technological advances. Mission requirements for Bathymetry from Space are much less stringent and less costly than typical physical oceanography missions. Long-term sea-surface height accuracy is not needed; the fundamental measurement is the slope of the ocean surface to an accuracy of similar to 1 prad (1 mm km(-1)). The main mission requirements are: improved range precision (a factor of two or more improvement in altimeter range precision with respect to current altimeters is needed to reduce the noise due to ocean waves); - fine cross-track spacing and long mission duration (a ground track spacing of 6 km or less is required. A six-year mission would reduce the error by another factor of two); moderate inclination (existing satellite altimeters have relatively high orbital inclinations, thus their resolution of east-west components of ocean slope is poor at low latitudes. The new mission should have an orbital inclination close to 60 degrees or 120 degrees so as to resolve north-south and east-west components almost equally while still covering nearly all the world's ocean area); near-shore tracking (for applications near coastlines, the ability of the instrument to track the ocean surface close to shore, and acquire the surface soon after leaving land, is desirable). C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Geosci Profess Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Conoco Inc, Houston, TX 77252 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. IFREMER, Marine Geosci Dept, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Sandwell, DT (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707; Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0713 J9 CR GEOSCI JI C. R. Geosci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 338 IS 14-15 BP 1049 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.crte.2006.05.014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 116GX UT WOS:000242791600011 ER PT J AU Boyce, DE Dawson, R Sidle, B Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Boyce, D. E. Dawson, P. R. Sidle, B. Gnaupel-Herold, T. TI A multiscale methodology for deformation modeling applied to friction stir welded steel SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finite element; friction stir welding; polycrystal; multiscale ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; STRAIN; STRESSES; TEXTURE; METALS; SPACE AB This paper presents a multiscale simulation methodology for the study of texture and residual strain development applied to deformation of friction stir welded material and includes a coordinated experimental program for model initialization and verification. Based on elastoviscoplastic polycrystal plasticity implemented in a finite element framework, the simulation methodology involves detailed tracking of selected elements in a relatively coarse macroscopic model followed by highly resolved simulations of the selected elements at the microscopic level. The results are compared with neutron diffraction data obtained by subjecting friction stir welded specimens to a program of in situ loadings and unloadings. The model performs well for three different specimen geometries-both at the macroscopic level in predicting deformed shape, hardness and extension, and at the microscopic level in predicting lattice strain and intensity changes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dawson, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM prd5@cornell.edu OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 158 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.01.021 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 095IA UT WOS:000241300200019 ER PT J AU Domart-Coulon, IJ Traylor-Knowles, N Peters, E Elbert, D Downs, CA Price, K Stubbs, J McLaughlin, S Cox, E Aeby, G Brown, PR Ostrander, GK AF Domart-Coulon, Isabelle J. Traylor-Knowles, Nikki Peters, Esther Elbert, David Downs, Craig A. Price, Kathy Stubbs, Joanne McLaughlin, Shawn Cox, Evelyn Aeby, Greta Brown, P. Randy Ostrander, Gary K. TI Comprehensive characterization of skeletal tissue growth anomalies of the finger coral Porites compressa SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE hyperplasia; coral disease; skeletal tissue; chromophore cells; Porites compressa ID CARIBBEAN SEA FANS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ACROPORA-PALMATA; TUMOR FORMATIONS; REEF; METALLOTHIONEIN; PROTEIN; FUNGI; REGENERATION; CIRCULATION AB The scleractinian finger coral Porites compressa has been documented to develop raised growth anomalies of unknown origin, commonly referred to as "tumors". These skeletal tissue anomalies (STAs) are circumscribed nodule-like areas of enlarged skeleton and tissue with fewer polyps and zooxanthellae than adjacent tissue. A field survey of the STA prevalence in Oahu, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, was complemented by laboratory analysis to reveal biochemical, histological and skeletal differences between anomalous and reference tissue. MutY, Hsp90a1, GRP75 and metallothionein, proteins known to be up-regulated in hyperplastic tissues, were over expressed in the STAs compared to adjacent normal-appearing and reference tissues. Histological analysis was further accompanied by elemental and micro-structural analyses of skeleton. Anomalous skeleton was of similar aragonite composition to adjacent skeleton but more porous as evidenced by an increased rate of vertical extension without thickening. Polyp structure was retained throughout the lesion, but abnormal polyps were hypertrophied, with increased mass of aboral tissue lining the skeleton, and thickened areas of skeletogenic calicoblastic epithelium along the basal floor. The latter were highly metabolically active and infiltrated with chromophore cells. These observations qualify the STAs as hyperplasia and are the first report in poritid corals of chromophore infiltration processes in active calicoblastic epithelium areas. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, UMR 5178, BOME, F-75005 Paris, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. NOAA, NOS Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ostrander, GK (reprint author), 2500 Campus Rd,Hawaii Hall 211, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM gko@hawaii.edu RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013 OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009 NR 60 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0133-6 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 105US UT WOS:000242058400006 ER PT J AU Zerbini, AN Waite, JM Laake, JL Wade, PR AF Zerbini, Alexandre N. Waite, Janice M. Laake, Jeffrey L. Wade, Paul R. TI Abundance, trends and distribution of baleen whales off Western Alaska and the central Aleutian Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE distribution; population number; population density; conservation; whales; North Pacific; Aleutian Islands; Gulf of Alaska ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BERING-SEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BLUE; CALIFORNIA; CETACEANS; GROUNDS; SUMMER AB Large whales were extensively hunted in coastal waters off Alaska, but current distribution, population sizes and trends are poorly known. Line transect surveys were conducted in coastal waters of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula in the summer of 2001-2003. Abundances of three species were estimated by conventional and multiple covariate distance sampling (MCDS) methods. Time series of abundance estimates were used to derive rates of increase for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Fin whales occurred primarily from the Kenai Peninsula to the Shumagin Islands, but were abundant only near the Semidi Islands and Kodiak. Humpback whales were found from the Kenai Peninsula to Umnak Island and were more abundant near Kodiak, the Shumagin Islands and north of Unimak Pass. Minke whales (B. acutorostrata) occurred primarily in the Aleutian Islands, with a few sightings south of the Alaska Peninsula and near Kodiak Island. Humpback whales were observed in large numbers in their former whaling grounds. In contrast, high densities of fin whales were not observed around the eastern Aleutian Islands, where whaling occurred. Average abundance estimates (95% CI) for fin, humpback and minke whales were 1652 (1142-2389), 2644 (1899-3680), and 1233 (656-2315), respectively. Annual rates of increase were estimated at 4.8% (95% CI = 4.1-5.4%) for fin and 6.6% (5.2-8.6%) for humpback whales. This study provides the first estimate of the rate of increase of fin whales in the North Pacific Ocean. The estimated trends are consistent with those of other recovering baleen whales. There were no sightings of blue or North Pacific right whales, indicating the continued depleted status of these species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fishery Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zerbini, AN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM azerbini@u.washington.edu RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 66 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1772 EP 1790 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2006.08.009 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 118GE UT WOS:000242929600004 ER PT J AU Wilson, KS Antonucci, JM AF Wilson, Kristen S. Antonucci, Joseph M. TI Interphase structure-property relationships in thermoset dimethacrylate nanocomposites SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental restorative material; mechanical properties; nanocomposite; photo-polymerization; silica; silane ID RESIN COMPOSITES; DENTAL RESINS; SILANE; SILICA; CONVERSION; MODULUS; SURFACE; FILLER AB Objectives. The aim of this research was to better understand the relationships between interphase composition and the resultant mechanical properties of thermoset methacrylate nanocomposites, ultimately for the purpose of improving the properties of dental restorative materials through manipulation of the interphase. Methods. Silica nanoparticles were silanized with three different silanes and blends of those silanes to generate six different interphase compositions. The silanes varied in their relative polarity, flexibility, and reactivity towards photo-polymerization. Composites containing 60% by mass of the silanized fillers were prepared and analyzed for uncured paste handling characteristics, vinyl conversion, biaxial flexure strength (BFS), modulus, and Knoop hardness. Results. Dual silanization of the fillers improved the handling characteristics of the uncured composite pastes compared to those containing fillers silanized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. To obtain high BFS, functional groups reactive in free radical polymerization were needed in the composite interphase, but a high concentration of those groups was not necessary. Moduli were highest for composites with interphases that contained styrylethyltrimethoxysilane, a reactive aromatic silane. The hardness values of the composites with reactive interphases were all comparable. Methacrylate conversion was only modestly influenced by silane interphase composition. Significance. This study suggests that dual silanization is a practical method for improving the handling characteristics of uncured dental restorative nanocomposites while maintaining or improving the mechanical properties of the cured composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Antonucci, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8545, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y1-DE-1021-04] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 11 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.022 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 101NG UT WOS:000241746900003 PM 16368131 ER PT J AU Prager, MH Shertzer, KW AF Prager, Michael H. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Remembering the future: A commentary on "Intergenerational discounting: A new intuitive approach" SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE discount factor; natural resources; net present value C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Prager, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, SE Fisheries Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Mike.Prager@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.01.003 PG 3 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 105MM UT WOS:000242034300004 ER PT J AU Baums, IB Miller, MW Hellberg, ME AF Baums, Iliana B. Miller, Margaret W. Hellberg, Michael E. TI Geographic variation in clonal structure in a reef-building Caribbean coral, Acropora palmata SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; asexual reproduction; Caribbean coral; clonality; coral reef; extinction risk; genotypic diversity; microsatellite; phylogeography; recruitment ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WHITE-BAND DISEASE; LONG-TERM DECLINE; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MARINE ANGIOSPERM AB Species that build the physical structure of ecosystems often reproduce clonally, both in terrestrial (e.g., grasses, trees) and marine (e.g., corals, seagrasses) environments. The degree of clonality may vary over a species' range in accordance with the relative success of sexual and asexual recruitment. High genotypic (clonal) diversity of structural species may promote the species diversity and resilience of ecosystems in the face of environmental extremes. Conversely, low genotypic diversity may indicate an asexual strategy to maintain resources and genetic variation during population decline. Here, we use microsatellite markers to assess geographic variation in clonality in the coral Acropora palmata sampled from 26 reefs in eight regions spanning its tropical western Atlantic range (n=751). Caribbean-wide, the ratio (+/- SD) of genets (N-g) to sampled ramets (N) was 0.51 +/- 0.28. Within reefs (30-70 m) and among reefs (10-100 km) within regions, clonal structure varied from being predominantly asexual (N-g/N approaching 0) to purely sexual (N-g/N=1). However, two genetically isolated regions (western and eastern Caribbean) differed in clonal structure: genotypically depauperate populations (N-g/N=0.43 +/- 0.31) with lower densities (0.13 +/- 0.08 colonies/m(2)) characterized the western region, while denser (0.30 +/- 0.21 colonies/m(2)), genotypically rich stands (N-g/N=0.64 +/- 0.17) typified the eastern Caribbean. Genotypic richness (standardized to sample size; N-g/N) and genotypic diversity (G(o)/G(e)) were negatively related to colony density within each province (r(2)=0.49-0.66, P < 0.001), indicating that dense stands have higher rates of asexual recruitment than less dense populations. Asexual recruitment was not correlated with large-scale disturbance history or abundance of large colonies (potential fragment sources) but was negatively correlated with shelf area (r(2)=0.57, P < 0.01). We argue that sexual recruitment is more prevalent in the eastern range of A. palmata than the west, and that these geographic differences in the contribution of reproductive modes to population structure may be related to habitat characteristics. The two populations of the threatened A. palmata differ fundamentally in reproductive character and may respond differently to environmental change. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ibaums@rsmas.miami.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 NR 95 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 4 BP 503 EP 519 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0503:GVICSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104VS UT WOS:000241989300003 ER PT J AU Lawton, JC Pennington, PL Chung, KW Scott, GI AF Lawton, Jennifer C. Pennington, Paul L. Chung, Katy W. Scott, Geoffrey I. TI Toxicity of atrazine to the juvenile hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE juvenile clams; atrazine; aqueous; sediment ID PESTICIDE RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBOFURAN AB The herbicide atrazine is one of the most heavily used pesticides in the United States. The effects of atrazine on the clam Mercenaria mercenaria were evaluated in aqueous and sediment laboratory assays. Juvenile clams of approximately I mm in size were used for all experiments. An acute aqueous bio-assay was used to determine the 96-h LC50 for the juvenile clams. A chronic aqueous bioassay was conducted at lower atrazine concentrations over a 10-day exposure period to examine both lethal and sublethal (dry mass, shell size, and condition index) endpoints. A chronic sediment bioassay examined mortality and sublethal endpoints in a 10-day exposure. The acute 96-h LC50 was 5608 mu g/L with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 5003 to 6287 mu g/L. Results of the chronic aqueous assay indicated both lethal and sublethal (reduced shell size) effects at high atrazine concentrations. In the 10-day chronic aqueous assay, the no observable effect concentration was 500 mu g/L, the lowest observable effect concentration was 1000 mu g/L, and the maximum allowable toxicant concentration (MATC) was 707 mu g/L. There were no significant effects of atrazine in the chronic sediment exposure. Safe concentrations for the aqueous experiments were estimated by applying an uncertainty factor of 10 to the calculated MATC values. While there were adverse effects of atrazine at high concentrations, these results suggest that atrazine is not directly toxic to M. mercenaria at environmentally relevant concentrations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, US Dept Commerce, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Pennington, PL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, US Dept Commerce, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Paul.Pennington@NOAA.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.08.001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 111JD UT WOS:000242446500012 PM 16223525 ER PT J AU Cole, KD Gaigalas, A Akerman, B AF Cole, Kenneth D. Gaigalas, Adolfas Akerman, Bjorn TI Single-molecule measurements of trapped and migrating circular DNA during electrophoresis in agarose gels SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE agarose gel; circular DNA; open-circle DNA; relaxation; trapping ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CYCLIC MIGRATION; MOBILITY; DYNAMICS; POLYMER; BEHAVIOR; CAPTURE; LENGTH; STRAND; CHARGE AB The effect of agarose gel concentration and field strength on the electrophoretic trapping of open (relaxed) circular DNA was investigated using microscopic measurements of individual molecules stained with a fluorescent dye. Three open circles with sizes of 52.5, 115, and 220 kbp were trapped by the electric field (6 V/cm) and found to be predominately fixed and stretched at a single point in the gel. The length of the stretched circles did not significantly change with agarose concentration of the gels (mass fractions of 0.0025, 0.01, and 0.02). The relaxation kinetics of the trapped circles was also measured in the gels. The relaxation of the large open circles was found to be a slow process, taking several seconds. The velocity and average length of the 52.5 kbp open circles and 48.5 kbp linear DNA were measured during electrophoresis in the agarose gels. The velocity increased when the agarose concentrations were lowered, but the average length of the open-circle DNA (during electrophoresis) did not significantly change with agarose gel concentrations. The circles move through the gels by cycles of stretching and relaxation during electrophoresis. Linear dichroism was also used to investigate the trapping and alignment of the 52.5 kbp open circles. The results in this study provide information that can be used to improve electrophoretic separations of circular DNA, an important form of genetic material and commonly used to clone DNA. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chalmers, Dept Phys Chem, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mailstop 8312,100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kenneth.Cole@nist.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 22 BP 4396 EP 4407 DI 10.1002/elps.200600347 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 114WI UT WOS:000242695900002 PM 17117465 ER PT J AU Ramu, K Kajiwara, N Lam, PKS Jefferson, TA Zhou, KY Tanabe, S AF Ramu, Karri Kajiwara, Natsuko Lam, Paul K. S. Jefferson, Thomas A. Zhou, Kaiya Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Temporal variation and biomagnification of organohalogen compounds in finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from the South China Sea SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE South China Sea; finless porpoise; organochlorines; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; temporal variation ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; DIETARY EXPOSURE; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; RESIDUE LEVELS AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber of male finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) collected in 1990 and 2000/01 from the South China Sea. Among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, DDTs and PCBs were the predominant contaminants in the porpoises, ranging from 26,000 to 260,000 and 1400 to 28,000 ng/g lipid wt., respectively. PBDEs ranged from a minimum of 84 ng/g lipid wt., in 1990 to a maximum of 980 ng/g lipid wt., in 2001, showing a significant increase during the time period investigated. Congener profiles in finless porpoises did not shift to higher BDE congeners during these years, implying a continuous discharge of lower BDE commercial mixtures, such as PentaBDE. For OCs, HCHs concentrations decreased significantly, while others did not exhibit any significant temporal variation. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were found to be highest for CHLs and lowest for HCB. PBDEs and PCBs had comparable BMFs, indicating a similar potential for biomagnification through the food web. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Bioresource Technol, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Tanabe, S (reprint author), Ehime Univ, CMES, Bunkyo Cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM shinsuke@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; NR 43 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 144 IS 2 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099EG UT WOS:000241574700019 PM 16540219 ER PT J AU Arhonditsis, GB Adams-VanHarn, BA Nielsen, L Stow, CA Reckhow, KH AF Arhonditsis, George B. Adams-VanHarn, Barbara A. Nielsen, Leah Stow, Craig A. Reckhow, Kenneth H. TI Evaluation of the current state of mechanistic aquatic biogeochemical modeling: Citation analysis and future perspectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; SIMULATION-MODELS; ECOSYSTEM-MODEL; EUTROPHICATION MODEL; BAYESIAN CALIBRATION; OCEAN; UNCERTAINTY; OCEANOGRAPHY; COMPLEXITY AB We examined the factors that determine the citations of 153 mechanistic aquatic biogeochemical modeling papers published from 1990 to 2002. Our analysis provides overwhelming evidence that ocean modeling is a dynamic area of the current modeling practice. Models developed to gain insight into the ocean carbon cycle/marine biogeochemistry are most highly cited, the produced knowledge is exported to other cognitive disciplines, and oceanic modelers are less reluctant to embrace technical advances (e. g., assimilation schemes) and more critically increase model complexity. Contrary to our predictions, model application for environmental management issues on a local scale seems to have languished; the pertinent papers comprise a smaller portion of the published modeling literature and receive lower citations. Given the critical planning information that these models aim to provide, we hypothesize that the latter finding probably stems from conceptual weaknesses, methodological omissions, and an evident lack of haste from modelers to adopt new ideas in their repertoire when addressing environmental management issues. We also highlight the lack of significant association between citation frequency and model complexity, model performance, implementation of conventional methodological steps during model development (e. g., validation, sensitivity analysis), number of authors, and country of affiliation. While these results cast doubt on the rationale of the current modeling practice, the fact that the Fasham et al. (1990) paper has received over 400 citations probably dictates what should be done from the modeling community to meet the practical need for attractive and powerful modeling tools. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Arhonditsis, GB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM georgea@utsc.utoronto.ca RI Arhonditsis, George/C-6980-2009; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737 NR 46 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 21 BP 6547 EP 6554 DI 10.1021/es061030q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099WV UT WOS:000241628800011 PM 17144276 ER PT J AU Reif, J Murdoch, E Mazzoil, M Fair, P Bossart, G AF Reif, J. Murdoch, E. Mazzoil, M. Fair, P. Bossart, G. TI Lobomycosis in bottlenose dolphins: Spatial aggregation of an emerging infectious disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NOS Ctr Coast Environm Hlth & Biomolecular Res, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S434 EP S435 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01164 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443402185 ER PT J AU Presser, C Papadopoulos, G Widmann, JF AF Presser, Cary Papadopoulos, George Widmann, John F. TI PIV measurements of water mist transport in a homogeneous turbulent flow past an obstacle SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE droplet-laden flows; droplet transport; fire suppression; grid-generated turbulence; heated cylinder; high boiling point suppressants; homogeneous turbulent flow; obstructed spaces; particle image velocimetry; spray impingement ID PARTICLE-IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; SPRAY IMPACT; DROPLET; CYLINDER; SIMULATIONS; VELOCITY; SURFACE; LAYER AB To obtain a better understanding of the physical processes involved in liquid suppressant transport in cluttered spaces, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were carried out in the droplet-laden, grid-generated, homogeneous turbulent flow over both an unheated and heated cylinder, and a body-centered cube (BCC) arrangement of spheres. Transport of both water droplets and aerosol particles was characterized upstream and downstream of these obstacles. Data were recorded for the cylinder at ambient and elevated temperatures (at 423 K) to estimate the effects of the hot cylinder surface on droplet transport. The results indicated that smaller droplets are entrained into the recirculation region behind the cylinder while the larger droplets impact the cylinder surface, accumulate and drip off, and/or rebound off the surface and disperse into the free stream. The flow over the heated cylinder resulted in the formation of a vapor layer on the downstream side of the cylinder in the shear region between the recirculation zone and free stream. Thus, vaporization of larger droplets impinging on the heated cylinder surface suggests an increased probability of vapor. For the BCC (with a blockage ratio of about 64%), there was both transport of droplets and seed particles around and through the BCC, as well as significantly more liquid accumulation and dripping than for the cylinder. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ATK GASL, Ronkonkoma, NY 11779 USA. Fluent Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 BP 580 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.05.003 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 106FT UT WOS:000242087100002 ER PT J AU Saunders, R Hachey, MA Fay, CW AF Saunders, Rory Hachey, Michael A. Fay, Clem W. TI Maine's diadromous fish community: Past, present, and implications for Atlantic salmon recovery SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; FRESH-WATER; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SALAR; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; STREAM AB Co-evolved diadromous fishes may play important roles in key life history events of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in northeastern U.S. riverine ecosystems. We reviewed available information on the historic and current abundance of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aesavalis), American shad (Alosa sapidissima), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) for several rivers in Maine. Historically, these diadromous fishes were substantially more abundant and were able to travel much farther inland to spawning and rearing areas in comparison to contemporary conditions. At historic abundance levels, these diadromous fishes likely provided several important functions for Atlantic salmon such as providing alternative prey for predators of salmon (i.e., prey buffering), serving as prey for juvenile and adult salmon, nutrient cycling, and habitat conditioning. Restoring the co-evolved suite of diadromous fishes to levels that sustain these functions may be required for successful recovery of the last native Atlantic salmon populations in the United States. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME USA. Penobscot Nat, Dept Nat Resources, Indian Isl, ME USA. RP Saunders, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME USA. EM Rory.Saunders@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[537:MDFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108GW UT WOS:000242229300003 ER PT J AU Mueter, FJ Megrey, BA AF Mueter, Franz J. Megrey, Bernard A. TI Using multi-species surplus production models to estimate ecosystem-level maximum sustainable yields SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Graham-Schaefer model; Pella-Tomlinson model; productivity; ecosystem-based fisheries management; Bering Sea; Gulf of Alaska ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; FISHERIES; STOCKS; MSY AB We used time series of biomass and catches for the major commercial groundfish stocks in the Eastern Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands region and in the Gulf of Alaska to compute annual surplus production for 1977-2004. Annual surplus production and average annual biomass were aggregated across stocks within each region to examine the relationship between total surplus production and total aggregated biomass. We fit two surplus production models (Graham-Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson) to the observed relationships to estimate maximum multi-species surplus production (equivalent to maximum sustainable yield) of the groundfish complexes in these ecosystems. Maximum multi-species surplus production was estimated to be approximately 2.5 x 10(6) t in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and 330 x 10(3) t in the Gulf of Alaska. These point estimates were smaller than the sum of single-species MSY proxies from recent stock assessments, and estimates for the Gulf of Alaska were much smaller than earlier estimates that were used to specify optimum yield ranges for the Gulf of Alaska groundfish complex. Therefore, optimum yield ranges for the Gulf of Alaska may need to be re-assessed to reflect more recent conditions. We further estimated the effects of environmental variability on annual surplus production using correlations and generalized surplus production models with environmental covariates. Results suggest that surplus production in the Bering Sea may be lower during conditions associated with the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which is characterized by warmer temperatures, reduced ice, and reduced wind mixing over the shelf. Similarly, surplus production on the Gulf of Alaska shelf was lower during years with warm bottom temperatures coupled with low salinities in late winter. If maximum multi-species surplus production varies as a result of environmental variability, optimum yield ranges for the groundfish complexes in these ecosystems should take such fluctuations into account. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mueter, FJ (reprint author), 697 Fordham Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM fmueter@alaska.net NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.010 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097CW UT WOS:000241425000010 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML Hurst, TP AF Stoner, Allan W. Ottmar, Michele L. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Temperature affects activity and feeding motivation in Pacific halibut: Implications for bait-dependent fishing SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE feeding motivation; temperature; olfaction; Pacific halibut; stock assessment ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; STOCK ASSESSMENT; HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LONGLINE GEAR; GADUS-MORHUA; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; RESPONSES AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that temperature (2-10 degrees C) and recent feeding history (1-14 days food deprivation) influence the activity and feeding motivation of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). Activity was examined before and after presentation of a chemical cue prepared from squid (Loligo opalescens). Spontaneous activity in 2 degrees C was essentially zero and increased with temperature. Searching behavior increased with cue introduction in all treatments and search intensity was closely correlated with temperature. Food deprivation did not significantly affect either pre- or post-cue activity. The number of baits located, attacked and consumed increased with temperature, and the times required to accomplish those behaviors decreased significantly with temperature. In most cases, very slow responses occur-red at 2 degrees C, differences between 4 and 6 degrees C were small and not significant, and times were shortest in 10 degrees C. Temperature did not have a significant effect on latency in attack or bait handling time, and feeding history had no significant effects on any of the timed measures. These results indicate a large potential impact of temperature on Pacific halibut catchability in longline surveys. Stock size could be significantly underestimated in a cold season or cold year and in deep water environments where temperatures are low. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.005 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097CW UT WOS:000241425000011 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Barnett, LAK AF Ryer, Clifford H. Barnett, Lewis A. K. TI Influence of illumination and temperature upon flatfish reactivity and herding behavior: Potential implications for trawl capture efficiency SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fish behavior; capture; burial; bycatch ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; US WEST-COAST; DIEL VARIATION; SWIMMING ENDURANCE; BRIDLE EFFICIENCY; VISUAL-STIMULUS; FISH CAPTURE; GEAR; BOTTOM; LIGHT AB For both survey and commercial trawls, selection of flatfish species and sizes is strongly influenced by fish behavioral reactions to the ground-gear. Herding begins with initial disturbance, where flatfish are flushed from the sediment by ground-gear. Yet this initial behavioral reaction is poorly understood, especially relative to effects of environmental parameters such as light and temperature. The goal of this study was to examine disturbance and herding behavior in English sole, northern rock sole and Pacific halibut using a simulated trawl footrope, in both light and darkness at 9 degrees C, and additionally, for rock sole, at 2 degrees C. In the light, all species exhibited a disturbance response consistent with the initiation of herding; directed swimming in close proximity to the substrate. This response was diminished in darkness, with fish hopping or slowly rising off the bottom, such that the footrope quickly passed beneath them (precluding herding). Low temperature also influenced rock sole behavior, increasing the likelihood that fish would simply hop off the bottom, rather than initiate herding. These results help lay a behavioral framework for understanding such phenomenon as diel and seasonal variations in flatfish catches and fish size composition, and why diel patterns for survey and commercial trawls often differ. Further, difference in behavior between rock sole and Pacific halibut suggest possible avenues of reducing halibut bycatch at night. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.001 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097CW UT WOS:000241425000016 ER PT J AU Watters, DL Kline, DE Coale, KH Cailliet, GM AF Watters, Diana L. Kline, Donna E. Coale, Kenneth H. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Radiometric age confirmation and growth of a deep-water marine fish species: The bank rockfish, Sebastes rufus SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sebastes rufus; bank rockfish; otolith; age validation; Pb-210/Ra-226 disequilibria; isotope ID PB-210/RA-226 DISEQUILIBRIA; BOMB RADIOCARBON; VALIDATION; OTOLITHS; LONGEVITY; PACIFIC; CALIFORNIA; REDFISH; BIOLOGY; RN-222 AB The bank rockfish, Sebastes rufus, is part of a deep-water (31-454 m) rockfish community that is fished commercially off California and has experienced population decline. This species is considered very difficult to age with traditional methods of counting growth increments in otolith cross-sections, creating the need to confirm age estimates with an independent, objective method. We measured the disequilibria of Pb-210/Ra-226 in S. rufus otoliths to compare with ages estimated from traditional methods. Radiometric ages corroborated mean otolith increment counts, with closest agreement for the oldest samples. We conclude that it is appropriate to use traditional cross-section methods to estimate age for S. rufus. Further, our results suggest longevity of 50 years or more for this deep-water rocktish. von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated from these confirmed ages (with 95% confidence limits) were: L-infinity = 488 mm (46.2) TL, K = 0.0482 (0.019), t(o) = -8.372 (4.91), n = 81 males; L-infinity = 594 mm (89.5) TL, K = 0.039 (0.018), t(o) = -6.96 (4.97), n = 86 females. Comparison of age data from our study with length at maturity data from other researchers indicates that S. rufus reach sexual maturity at approximately 15 years of age. Like other deep-water members of this genus, S. rufus is slow growing and matures at an advanced age, important characteristics to consider for management of the species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. RP Watters, DL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Diana.Watters@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.019 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097CW UT WOS:000241425000017 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Nichols, KM DeKoning, JJ Morasch, MR Keadey, KA Rexroad, C Gahr, SA Danzmann, RG Drew, RE Thorgaard, GH AF Phillips, Ruth B. Nichols, Krista M. DeKoning, Jenefer J. Morasch, Matthew R. Keadey, Kimberly A. Rexroad, Caird, III Gahr, Scott A. Danzmann, Roy G. Drew, Robert E. Thorgaard, Gary H. TI Assignment of rainbow trout linkage groups to specific chromosomes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; BAC LIBRARY; MAP; GENOME; REGION; GENE; POLYMORPHISM AB The rainbow trout genetic linkage groups have been assigned to specific chromosomes in the OSU (2N = 60) strain using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC probes containing genes mapped to each linkage group. There was a tough correlation between chromosome size and size of the genetic linkage map in centimorgans for the genetic maps based on recombination from the female parent. Chromosome size and structure have a major impact on the female:male recombination ratio, which is much higher (up to 10: 1 near the centromeres) on the larger metacentric chromosomes compared to smaller acrocentric chromosomes. Eight), percent of the BAC clones containing duplicate genes mapped to a single chromosomal location, suggesting that diploidization resulted in substantial divergence of intergenic regions. The BAC clones that hybridized to both duplicate loci were usually located in the distal portion of the chromosome. Duplicate genes were almost always found at a similar location on the chromosome arm of two different chromosome pairs, suggesting that most of the chromosome rearrangements following tetraploidization were centric fusions and did not involve homeologous chromosomes. The set of BACs compiled for this research will be especially useful in construction of genome maps and identification of QTL for important traits in other salmonid fishes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM plillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 34 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 18 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1661 EP 1670 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.055269 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 112NH UT WOS:000242532600049 PM 16951085 ER PT J AU Davey, CA Pielke, RA Gallo, KP AF Davey, Christopher A. Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Gallo, Kevin P. TI Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States - Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE climate change; heating trends; near-surface air temperature; moist enthalpy; equivalent temperature; microclimate ID LAND-USE CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; COVER; SATELLITE; STATIONS; NETWORK; IMPACT; URBAN AB There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are not fully described by temperature alone. Moist enthalpy or, alternatively, equivalent temperature, is more sensitive to surface vegetation properties than is air temperature and therefore more accurately depicts surface heating trends. The microclimates evident at many surface observation sites highlight the influence of land surface characteristics on local surface heating trends. Temperature and equivalent temperature trend differences from 1982-1997 are examined for surface sites in the Eastern U.S. Overall trend differences at the surface indicate equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in the Eastern U.S. Seasonally, equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in winter and are relatively cooler in the fall. These patterns, however, vary widely from site to site, so local microclimate is very important. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. USGS Earth Resources Observ Syst Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Davey, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davey@cira.colostate.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 112PP UT WOS:000242539300003 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, Tomas TI GPS/GNSS current bibliography SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Bibliography C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, NNGS22, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, NNGS22, 1315 East West Highway,Sta 8825, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10291-006-0040-x PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 115KM UT WOS:000242733200005 ER PT J AU Charrier, G Durand, JD Quiniou, L Laroche, J AF Charrier, Gregory Durand, Jean-Dominique Quiniou, Louis Laroche, Jean TI An investigation of the population genetic structure of pollack (Pollachius pollachius) based on microsatellite markers SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic structure; microsatellites; Pollachius pollachius ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; NORTH-SEA; FISH; DIFFERENTIATION; CIRCULATION; COASTAL; SHELF; WATER; L. AB In order to explore the population genetic structure of pollack (Pollachius pollachius) along the European coast, of 282 fish sampled from four locations along the Atlantic French coast and from one location off southern Norway were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. The limited genetic differentiation among samples may be due to high levels of larval dispersal, through passive drift with oceanic currents. Alternatively, populations may have diverged too recently for significant genetic differentiation to have become evident. Furthermore, small sample sizes and the limited number of loci may have hampered the detection of genetic structure. Nevertheless, a weak but significant genetic differentiation was detected between samples originating from the western English Channel and the Bay of Biscay. (c) 2006 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UMR 6539, Lab LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5171, IRD,UR 070,Lab GPIA, F-34200 Sete, France. RP Charrier, G (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM gregory.charrier@noaa.gov RI Durand, Jean-Dominique/G-3713-2016 OI Durand, Jean-Dominique/0000-0002-0261-0377 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1705 EP 1709 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.07.006 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 110JR UT WOS:000242375100013 ER PT J AU Carrera, P Churnside, JH Boyra, G Marques, V Scalabrin, C Uriarte, A AF Carrera, P. Churnside, J. H. Boyra, G. Marques, V. Scalabrin, C. Uriarte, A. TI Comparison of airborne lidar with echosounders: a case study in the coastal Atlantic waters of southern Europe SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE airborne lidar; anchovy; Bay of Biscay; echosounder; recruitment; sardine; West Iberian Peninsula ID FISH SCHOOLS; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; CLASS STRENGTH; FISHERIES; ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; SARDINE; BISCAY; SPAIN AB The feasibility of using airborne lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) was studied to assess the early juvenile fractions of the main pelagic fish species of the coastal Atlantic waters of southern Europe (anchovy, sardine, mackerel, and horse mackerel). Field comparisons with more established echosounder methods were undertaken in the summers of 1998 and 1999 during the recruitment period of sardine and anchovy in the selected areas, in the presence of a variety of oceanographic and environmental conditions. Backscattered energies as well as the types of target recorded by both devices were compared. The distributions of energies and the shape of the targets were generally similar for both techniques, with moderate numerical correlation between sensors, demonstrating the potential of lidar for assessment of anchovy, sardine, and juvenile mackerel. However, differences in received backscattering energy were found, especially in the presence of certain plankton assemblages (to which lidar is more sensitive) and isolated schools with large vertical dimensions (for which shadowing is more significant for light than sound). Experimental ad hoc optical reflectivity measurements of fish and plankton are proposed to discriminate these two types of targets. In addition, an improvement on lidar implementation and data processing is suggested to achieve fish abundance estimates. (c) 2006 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Museo Mar Galicia, Vigo 36208, Spain. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Fundac AZTI, Pasaia 20110, Spain. IPIMAR, P-1400 Lisbon, Portugal. IFREMER, Lab Sete, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Carrera, P (reprint author), Museo Mar Galicia, Ave Atlantida 160, Vigo 36208, Spain. EM pablo.carrera@museodomar.com RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1736 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.07.004 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 110JR UT WOS:000242375100017 ER PT J AU Busby, MS Cartwright, RL AF Busby, Morgan S. Cartwright, Rachael L. TI Redescription of Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert, 1896 (Teleostei : Liparidae), with a description of early life history stages SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Liparidae; Paraliparis holomelas; redescription; larval development ID GENUS PARALIPARIS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CYCLOPTERIDAE; ATLANTIC; FISHES AB The poorly known liparid fish Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert, 1896 is redescribed primarily based on specimens from the Gulf of Alaska, and the first illustration of this species is presented. Originally described from the southeastern Bering Sea and later reported from the Sea of Okhotsk, this material also represents an eastward extension of the species range. Paraliparis holomelas is distinguished from other North Pacific Paraliparis by morphological features and meristic counts. A complete description of the early life history stages of P. holomelas is also presented, which includes the first account and illustration of a yolk-sac larva in the genus Paraliparis. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Busby, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Morgan.Busby@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s10228-006-0357-9 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114HZ UT WOS:000242658600006 ER PT J AU Busby, MS Orr, JW Blood, DM AF Busby, Morgan S. Orr, James W. Blood, Deborah M. TI Eggs and late-stage embryos of Allocareproctus unangas (family Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eggs; Liparidae; Allocareproctus unangas; Primnoa sp; Aleutian Islands ID GOLDEN KING CRAB; LITHODES-AEQUISPINUS; PISCES-CYCLOPTERIDAE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; GENUS; SNAILFISH; PARASITISM; FUCENSIS; ALASKA; FISHES AB Four unusual masses of adhesive fish eggs surrounding limbs of the octocoral Primnoa sp. were collected in Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Island Archipelago at a depth of 397 m. The eggs contained embryos in the flexion stage of development. When dissected and cleared and stained, counts of dorsal and anal fin rays and vertebrae allowed identification of the eggs as those of Allocareproctus unangas Orr and Busby, a newly described snailfish species. This is first report of snailfishes of the genus Allocareproctus, and of liparids other than those in the genus Liparis, spawning outside of lithodid crabs. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Busby, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Morgan.Busby@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s10228-006-0361-3 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114HZ UT WOS:000242658600012 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Hadfield, RH Schwall, RE Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Stevens, Martin J. Hadfield, Robert H. Schwall, Robert E. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. TI Quantum dot single photon sources studied with superconducting single photon detectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; light sources; quantum dots (QDs); superconducting device measurements; superconducting radiation detectors ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TURNSTILE DEVICE; MU-M; STATE; EMISSION; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH; CAVITY; MICROCAVITIES AB We report the observation of photon antibunching from a single, self-assembled InGaAs quantum dot (QD) at temperatures up to 135 K. The second-order intensity correlation, g((2)) (0), is less than 0.260 +/- 0.024 for temperatures up to 100 K. At 120 K, g((2))(0) increases to about 0.471, which is slightly less than the second-order intensity correlation expected from two independent single emitters. In addition, we characterize the performance of a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on a nanopatterned niobium nitride wire that exhibits 68 +/- 3-ps timing jitter and less than 100-Rz dark count rate with a detection efficiency (DE) of up to 2% at 902 nm. This detector is used to measure spontaneous emission lifetimes of semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) emitting light at wavelengths of 935 and 1245 nm. The sensitivity to wavelengths longer than 1 mu m and the Gaussian temporal response of this superconducting detector present clear advantages over the conventional detector technologies. We also use this detector to characterize the emission from a single InGaAs QD embedded in a micropillar cavity, measuring a spontaneous emission lifetime of 370 ps and a g((2))(0) of 0.24 +/- 0.03. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1268 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.885088 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 119LK UT WOS:000243013600022 ER PT J AU Espejo, RJ Svalgaard, M Dyer, SD AF Espejo, R. Joseph Svalgaard, Mikael Dyer, Shellee D. TI Characterizing fiber Bragg grating index profiles to improve the writing process SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs); layer peeling; low coherence interferometry; refractive index profile AB We demonstrate an accurate method for identifying both systematic and random errors in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) writing system and show its application to calibration of the writing process. We first measure the FBG impulse response using low-coherence interferometry, and then we calculate the refractive index profile using layer peeling. This yields the complex longitudinal refractive index profile, which includes both the index modulation amplitude and the effective index as a function of position along the FBG. We demonstrate how this measurement can be applied to the calibration of a scanning-beam dithered phase mask FBG writing system. We demonstrate the ability to identify errors in the writing process that would not likely be found from a measurement of the FBG reflection spectrum alone. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Espejo, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM espejo@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 21-24 BP 2242 EP 2244 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.884740 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 121QY UT WOS:000243173300018 ER PT J AU Mell, P Scarfone, K Romanosky, S AF Mell, Peter Scarfone, Karen Romanosky, Sasha TI Common vulnerability, scoring system SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Mell, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mell@nist.gov; sromanos@cmu.edu; karen.kent@nist.gov NR 1 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 6 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1109/MSP.2006.145 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 112SU UT WOS:000242548200016 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Hill, DA Ladbury, JM Wilson, PF Koepke, G Coder, J AF Holloway, Christopher L. Hill, David A. Ladbury, John M. Wilson, Perry F. Koepke, Galen Coder, Jason TI On the use of reverberation chambers to simulate a Rician radio environment for the testing of wireless devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE K-factor; multipath; multipath environment; Rayleigh distribution; reverberation chamber; Rician distribution ID DIVERSITY GAIN; ANTENNAS; ARRAY; FIELD AB With the proliferation of wireless devices in recent years, there is a growing need to test the operation and functionality of these various devices in different multipath environments, ranging from line-of-sight environment to a pure Rayleigh environment. In this paper we discuss how a reverberation chamber can be used to simulate a controllable Rician radio environment for the testing of a wireless device. We show that by varying the characteristics of the reverberation chamber and/or the antenna configurations in the chamber, any desired Rician K-factor can be obtained. Expressions for the desired K-factor as a function of the chamber and antenna characteristics will be presented. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity of these expressions, to show how the reverberation chamber can be used to simulate different multipath environments, and to show the realization of a controlled K-factor test facility. We present both a one-antenna and a two-antenna test configuration approach. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 40 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3167 EP 3177 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.883987 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 104NT UT WOS:000241965800014 ER PT J AU Maslanik, JA Sturm, M Rivas, MB Gasiewski, AJ Heinrichs, JE Herzfeld, UC Holmgren, J Klein, M Markus, T Perovich, DK Sonntag, JG Stroeve, JC Tape, K AF Maslanik, James A. Sturm, Matthew Rivas, Maria Belmonte Gasiewski, Albin J. Heinrichs, John E. Herzfeld, Ute C. Holmgren, Jon Klein, Marian Markus, Thorsten Perovich, Donald K. Sonntag, John G. Stroeve, Julienne C. Tape, Ken TI Spatial variability of barrow-area shore-fast sea ice and its relationships to passive microwave emissivity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE passive microwave; roughness; sea ice; shore-fast ice; snow depth ID SHEET; LAKES AB Aircraft-acquired passive microwave data, laser radar height observations, RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar imagery, and in situ measurements obtained during the AMSR-Ice03 experiment are used to investigate relationships between microwave emission and ice characteristics over several space scales. The data fusion allows delineation of the shore-fast ice and pack ice in the Barrow area, AK, into several ice classes. Results show good agreement between observed and Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR)-derived snow depths over relatively smooth ice, with larger differences over ridged and rubbled ice. The PSR results are consistent with the effects on snow depth of the spatial distribution and nature of ice roughness, ridging, and other factors such as ice age. Apparent relationships exist between ice roughness and the degree of depolarization of emission at 10, 19, and 37 GHz. This depolarization would yield overestimates of total ice concentration using polarization-based algorithms, with indications of this seen when the NT-2 algorithm is applied to the PSR data. Other characteristics of the microwave data, such as effects of grounding of sea ice and large contrast between sea ice and adjacent land, are also apparent in the PSR data. Overall, the results further demonstrate the importance of macroscale ice roughness conditions such as ridging and rubbling on snow depth and microwave emissivity. C1 Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Maslanik, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM james.maslanik@colorado.edu RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Belmonte Rivas, Maria/C-9383-2015 OI Belmonte Rivas, Maria/0000-0003-0528-3858 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3021 EP 3031 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.879557 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400004 ER PT J AU Markus, T Cavalieri, DJ Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Maslanik, JA Powell, DC Stankov, BB Stroeve, JC Sturm, M AF Markus, Thorsten Cavalieri, Donald J. Gasiewski, Albin J. Klein, Marian Maslanik, James A. Powell, Dylan C. Stankov, B. Boba Stroeve, Julienne C. Sturm, Matthew TI Microwave signatures of snow on sea ice: Observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); passive microwave; sea ice; snow on sea ice; validation ID AMSR-E; ALGORITHM AB Part of the Earth Observing Sysytem Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Arctic sea ice validation campaign in March 2003 was dedicated to the validation of snow depth on sea ice and ice temperature products. The difficulty with validating these two variables is that neither can currently be measured other than in situ. For this reason, two aircraft flights on March 13 and 19, 2003, were dedicated to these products, and flight lines were coordinated with in situ measurements of snow and sea ice physical properties. One flight was in the vicinity of Barrow, AK, covering Elson Lagoon and the adjacent Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The other flight was farther north in the Beaufort Sea (about 73 degrees N, 147.5 degrees W) and was coordinated with a Navy ice camp. The results confirm the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm and its coefficients for first-year ice when it is relatively smooth. For rough first-year ice and for multiyear ice, there is still a relationship between the spectral gradient ratio of 19 and 37 GHz, but a different set of algorithm coefficients is necessary. Comparisons using other AMSR-E channels did not provide a clear signature of sea ice characteristics and, hence, could not provide guidance for the choice of algorithm coefficients. The limited comparison of in situ snow-ice interface and surface temperatures with 6-GHz brightness temperatures, which are used for the retrieval of ice temperature, shows that the 6-GHz temperature is correlated with the snow-ice interface temperature to only a limited extent. For strong temperature gradients within the snow layer, it is clear that the 6-GHz temperature is a weighted average of the entire snow layer. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Show & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Markus, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Thorsten.Markus@nasa.gov RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3081 EP 3090 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883134 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400009 ER PT J AU Powell, DC Markus, T Cavalieri, DJ Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Maslanik, JA Stroeve, JC Sturm, M AF Powell, Dylan C. Markus, Thorsten Cavalieri, Donald J. Gasiewski, Albin J. Klein, Marian Maslanik, James A. Stroeve, Julienne C. Sturm, Mathew TI Microwave signatures of snow on sea ice: Modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); microwave; modeling; polar regions; remote sensing; sea ice; snow ID LAYERED SNOWPACKS; DEPTH ALGORITHM; EMISSION MODEL; SENSITIVITY; COVER AB Accurate knowledge of snow-depth distribution over sea ice is critical for polar climate studies. Current snow-depth-over-sea-ice retrieval algorithms do not sufficiently account for variations in snow and ice physical properties that can affect the accuracy of retrievals. For this reason, airborne microwave observations were coordinated with ground-based measurements of snow depth and snow properties in the vicinity of Barrow, AK, in March 2003. In this paper, the effects of snowpack properties and ice conditions on microwave signatures are examined using detailed surface-based measurements and airborne observations in conjunction with a thermal microwave-emission model. A comparison of the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS) simulations with detailed snowpack and ice data from stakes along the Elson Lagoon and the Beaufort Sea and radiometer data taken from low-level flights using a Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR-A) shows that MEMLS can be used to simulate snow on sea ice and is a useful tool for understanding the limitations of the snow-depth algorithm. Analysis of radiance data taken over the Elson Lagoon and the Beaufort Sea using MEMLS suggests that the radiometric differences between the two locations are due to the differences in sea-ice emissivity. Furthermore, measured brightness temperatures suggest that the current snow-depth retrieval algorithm is sufficient for areas of smooth first-year sea ice, whereas new algorithm coefficients are needed for rough first-year sea ice. Snowpack grain size and density remain an unresolved issue for snow-depth retrievals using passive-microwave radiances. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99703 USA. RP Powell, DC (reprint author), Earth Observing Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM Thorsten.Markus@nasa.gov RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3091 EP 3102 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.882139 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400010 ER PT J AU Stroeve, JC Markus, T Maslanik, JA Cavalieri, DJ Gasiewski, AJ Heinrichs, JE Holmgren, J Perovich, DK Sturm, M AF Stroeve, Julienne C. Markus, Thorsten Maslanik, James A. Cavalieri, Donald J. Gasiewski, Albin J. Heinrichs, John E. Holmgren, Jon Perovich, Donald K. Sturm, Matthew TI Impact of surface roughness on AMSR-E sea ice products SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE passive microwave; remote sensing; sea ice ID PARAMETERS; GREENLAND; SNOW AB This paper examines the sensitivity of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) brightness temperatures (Tbs) to surface roughness by a using radiative transfer model to simulate AMSR-E Tbs as a function of incidence angle at which the surface is viewed. The simulated Tbs are then used to examine the influence that surface roughness has on two operational sea ice algorithms, namely: 1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Team (NT) algorithm and 2) the enhanced NT algorithm, as well as the impact of roughness on the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm. Surface snow and ice data collected during the AMSR-Ice03 field campaign held in March 2003 near Barrow, AK, were used to force the radiative transfer model, and resultant modeled Tbs are compared with airborne passive microwave observations from the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer. Results indicate that passive microwave Tbs are very sensitive even to small variations in incidence angle, which can cause either an over-or underestimation of the true amount of sea ice in the pixel area viewed. For example, this paper showed that if the sea ice areas modeled in this paper were assumed to be completely smooth, sea ice concentrations were underestimated by nearly 14% using the NT sea ice algorithm and by 7% using the enhanced NT algorithm. A comparison of polarization ratios (PRs) at 10.7, 18.7, and 37 GHz indicates that each channel responds to different degrees of surface roughness and suggests that the PR at 10.7 GHz can be useful for identifying locations of heavily ridged or rubbled ice. Using the PR at 10.7 GHz to derive an "effective" viewing angle, which is used as a proxy for surface roughness, resulted in more accurate retrievals of sea ice concentration for both algorithms. The AMSR-E snow depth algorithm was found to be extremely sensitive to instrument calibration and sensor viewing angle, and it is concluded that more work is needed to investigate the sensitivity of the gradient ratio at 37 and 18.7 GHz to these factors to improve snow depth retrievals from spaceborne passive microwave sensors. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Stroeve, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stroeve@kodiak.colorado.edu RI Stroeve, Julienne/D-1525-2010; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3103 EP 3117 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.880619 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400011 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Shi, Wei TI Cloud masking for ocean color data processing in the coastal regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aerosols; cloud masking; ocean color products; ocean near-infrared contributions; remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SEAWIFS; MODIS; WATER; WHITECAPS; RADIANCE; SENSORS AB The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectoradiometer (MODIS) use the near-infrared (NIR) reflectance threshold at 865 nm (869 nm for MODIS) to discriminate clear sky from clouds for processing of the ocean color products. Such a simple scheme generally works well over the open oceans where Case-1 waters and maritime aerosols are usually the case. However, in coastal regions, there are often cases with significant ocean contributions at the NIR wavelengths from the turbid waters. In addition, aerosols are likely to be dominated with small particles (large Angstrom exponent). In these cases, the cloud-masking scheme using the NIR reflectance threshold often mistakenly identifies these scenes as clouds, leading to significant loss of coverage in coastal regions. In this paper, we propose to use the MODIS short wave infrared (SWIR) bands at either 1240 or 1640 nm for detecting clouds. Ocean is black for turbid waters at SWIR wavelengths due to much stronger water absorption. The aerosol contribution in the SWIR bands is also significantly lower for nonabsorbing and weakly absorbing aerosols with small aerosol particle size. Thus, using the SWIR reflectance threshold, the performance of the cloud-masking algorithm in the coastal region is much better than that of using the NIR band. For sensors that do not have SWIR bands (e.g., SeaWiFS), we propose to use the Rayleigh-corrected (RC) reflectance ratio value from two NIR bands in addition to the reflectance threshold at 865 run. The clouds are spectrally flat and have lower reflectance ratio values from two NIR measurements than cases with reflectance contributions from ocean and aerosols. It was found that, corresponding to the RC reflectance threshold of 2.7% at 869 nm, the RC threshold reflectances for 1240 and 1640 mn are 2.35% and 2.15%, respectively. The cloud-masking performance with the SWIR bands in the coastal region can usually be achieved using the RC reflectance ratio value (>= 1.15 as clear atmosphere) between two NIR bands in addition to the reflectance threshold at 869 run. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3196 EP 3205 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876293 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400018 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. TI Closed-form expressions for the current density on the ground plane of a microstrip line, with application to ground plane loss (vol 43, pg 1204, 1995) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder Labs, US Dept Commerce, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder Labs, US Dept Commerce, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 4018 EP 4019 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.883644 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 107QI UT WOS:000242185700028 ER PT J AU Seiler, DG AF Seiler, David G. TI Guest editorial - Special Section on the International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seiler, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1109/TSM.2006.884597 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 105XG UT WOS:000242065000001 ER PT J AU Garner, CM Vogel, EM AF Garner, C. Michael Vogel, Eric M. TI Metrology challenges for emerging research devices and materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE CMOSFETs; ferroelectric materials; ferromagnetic materials; molecular electronics; nanotechnology measurement; quantum dots; quantum wires; semiconductor device fabrication ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SCANNING CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY; DOPANT PROFILES; NANOMETER-SCALE; SPIN INJECTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT; BARRIER; ATOM AB As silicon complimentary metal-oxide-semicondoctor (CMOS) technology approaches its limits, new device structures and computational paradigms will be required to replace and augment standard CMOS devices for ULSI circuits. These possible emerging technologies span the realm from transistors made from silicon nanowires to heteroepitaxial layers for spin transistors to devices made from nanoscale molecules. One theme that pervades these seemingly disparate emerging technologies is that the electronic properties of these nanodevices are extremely susceptible to small perturbations in structural and material properties such as dimension, structure, roughness, and defects. The extreme sensitivity of the electronic properties of these devices to their nanoscale physical properties defines a significant need for precise accurate metrology. This paper will describe some of the most critical metrology required to characterize materials and devices in the research and exploratory stage and how these requirements would potentially change if these research devices were to start into a technology development effort. C1 Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garner, CM (reprint author), Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM mike.c.garner@intel.com; eric.vogel@utdallas.edu RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0894-6507 EI 1558-2345 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1109/TSM.2006.884714 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 105XG UT WOS:000242065000005 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Lu, ZQ Philip, J AF Snyder, K. A. Lu, Z. Q. Philip, J. TI Long-term monitoring strategy for concrete-based structures using nonlinear Kalman filtering SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NUCPERF 2006, International Workshop CY MAR 27-30, 2006 CL Cadarache, FRANCE ID DIFFUSION AB Kalman filtering is introduced as a rational means for developing a monitoring strategy for concrete structures. The mathematics and utility of linear Kalman filters are presented briefly, and the use of linear filters is demonstrated for Fickian diffusion. The nonlinear extended Kalman filter is introduced and its utility in estimating a transport parameter is demonstrated. The concrete service life computer program 4SIGHT is introduced briefly and combined with nonlinear filtering to refine the transport coefficient from a laboratory diffusion experiment. A fictitious monitoring strategy is presented that uses Kalman filtering to both refine estimates and extend the time between monitoring intervals. The advantages of using Kalman filtering, along with the remaining technical difficulties, are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2006 VL 136 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006136020 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 116BO UT WOS:000242777700020 ER PT J AU Sharpless, KE Anderson, DL Betz, JM Butler, TA Capar, SG Cheng, J Fraser, CA Gardner, G Gay, ML Howell, DW Ihara, T Khan, MA Lam, JW Long, SE McCooeye, M Mackey, EA Mindak, WR Mitvalsky, S Murphy, KE NguyenPho, A Phinney, KW Porter, BJ Roman, M Sander, LC Satterfield, MB Scriver, C Sturgeon, R Thomas, JB Vocke, RD Wise, SA Wood, LJ Yang, L Yen, JH Ziobro, GC AF Sharpless, Katherine E. Anderson, David L. Betz, Joseph M. Butler, Therese A. Capar, Stephen G. Cheng, John Fraser, Catharine A. Gardner, Graeme Gay, Martha L. Howell, Daniel W. Ihara, Toshihide Khan, Mansoor A. Lam, Joseph W. Long, Stephen E. McCooeye, Margaret Mackey, Elizabeth A. Mindak, William R. Mitvalsky, Staci Murphy, Karen E. NguyenPho, Agnes Phinney, Karen W. Porter, Barbara J. Roman, Mark Sander, Lane C. Satterfield, Mary B. Scriver, Christine Sturgeon, Ralph Thomas, Jeanice Brown Vocke, Robert D., Jr. Wise, Stephen A. Wood, Laura J. Yang, Lu Yen, James H. Ziobro, George C. TI Preparation and characterization of a suite of ephedra-containing standard reference materials SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; ALKALOIDS; STEREOISOMERS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, are collaborating to produce a series of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. A suite of ephedra materials is the first in the series, and this paper describes the acquisition, preparation, and value assignment of these materials: SRMs 3240 Ephedra sinica Stapf Aerial Parts, 3241 E. sinca Stapf Native Extract, 3242 E. sinica Stapf Commercial Extract, 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder. Values are assigned for ephedrine alkaloids and toxic elements in all 5 materials. Values are assigned for other analytes (e.g., caffeine, nutrient elements, proximates, etc.) in some of the materials, as appropriate. Materials in this suite of SRMs are intended for use as primary control materials when values are assigned to in-house (secondary) control materials and for validation of analytical methods for the measurement of alkaloids, toxic elements, and, in the case of SRM 3244, nutrients in similar materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. Food Prod Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. ChromaDex Inc, Clearwater, FL 33760 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov OI Lam, Joseph/0000-0001-6402-0535; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; McCooeye, Margaret/0000-0001-9424-9111; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1495 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 116SO UT WOS:000242822800006 PM 17225593 ER PT J AU Demuth, JL DeMaria, M Knaff, JA AF Demuth, Julie L. DeMaria, Mark Knaff, John A. TI Improvement of advanced microwave sounding unit tropical cyclone intensity and size estimation algorithms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMSU AB Previous work, in which Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data from the Atlantic Ocean and east Pacific Ocean basins during 1999-2001 were used to provide objective estimates of 1-min maximum sustained surface winds, minimum sea level pressure, and the radii of 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt 0.5144 m s(-1)) winds in the northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest quadrants of tropical cyclones, is updated to reflect larger datasets, improved statistical analysis techniques, and improved estimation through dependent variable transforms. A multiple regression approach, which utilizes best-subset predictor selection and cross validation, is employed to develop the estimation models, where the dependent data (i.e., maximum sustained winds, minimum pressure, wind radii) are from the extended best track and the independent data consist of AMSU-derived parameters that give information about retrieved pressure, winds, temperature, moisture, and satellite resolution. The developmental regression models result in mean absolute errors (MAE) of 10.8 kt and 7.8 hPa for estimating maximum winds and minimum pressure, respectively. The MAE for the 34-, 50-, and 64-kt azimuthally averaged wind radii are 16.9, 13.3, and 6.8 n mi (1 n mi 1852 m), respectively. C1 Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Demuth, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ISSE, RAL, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jdemuth@ucar.edu RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 11 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1573 EP 1581 DI 10.1175/JAM2429.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115EG UT WOS:000242717000008 ER PT J AU Stewart-Pullaro, J Daugomah, JW Chestnut, DE Graves, DA Sobsey, MD Scott, GI AF Stewart-Pullaro, J. Daugomah, J. W. Chestnut, D. E. Graves, D. A. Sobsey, M. D. Scott, G. I. TI F(+)RNA coliphage typing for microbial source tracking in surface waters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coliforms; coliphages; faecal contamination; microbial source tracking; water quality ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION SOURCES; RNA BACTERIOPHAGES; COASTAL WATERS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; SOMATIC COLIPHAGES; INDICATOR BACTERIA; RIBOTYPE PROFILES; NONHUMAN SOURCES AB Aims: The utility of coliphages to detect and track faecal pollution was evaluated using South Carolina surface waters that exceeded State faecal coliform standards. Methods and Results: Coliphages were isolated from 117 surface water samples by single agar layer (SAL) and enrichment presence/absence (EP/A) methods. Confirmed F(+)RNA coliphages were typed for microbial source tracking using a library-independent approach. Concentrations of somatic coliphages using 37 and 44.5 degrees C incubation temperatures were found to be significantly different and the higher temperature may be more specific for faecal contamination. The EP/A technique detected coliphages infecting Escherichia coli Famp in 38 (66%) of the 58 surface water samples negative for F+ coliphages by the SAL method. However, coliphages isolated by EP/A were found to be less representative of coliphage diversity within a sample. Among the 2939 coliphage isolates tested from surface water and known source samples, 813 (28%) were found to be F(+)RNA. The majority (94%) of surface water F(+)RNA coliphage isolates typed as group I. Group II and/or III viruses were identified from 14 surface water stations, the majority of which were downstream of wastewater discharges. These sites were likely contaminated by human-source faecal pollution. Conclusions: The results suggest that faecal contamination in surface waters can be detected and source identifications aided by coliphage analyses. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study supports the premise that coliphage typing can provide useful, but not absolute, information to distinguish human from animal sources of faecal pollution. Furthermore, the comparison of coliphage isolation methods detailed in this study should provide valuable information to those wishing to incorporate coliphage detection into water quality assessments. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Bur Water, SC Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC USA. RP Stewart-Pullaro, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jill.pullaro@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1026 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03011.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093VT UT WOS:000241199100006 PM 17040225 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Feltz, WF Heidinger, AK Gallina, GM AF Pavolonis, Michael J. Feltz, Wayne F. Heidinger, Andrew K. Gallina, Gregory M. TI A daytime complement to the reverse absorption technique for improved automated detection of volcanic ash SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; CLOUD DETECTION; PARTICLE AGGREGATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PHASE DETERMINATION; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; AVHRR; ICE; FIRE AB An automated volcanic cloud detection algorithm that utilizes four spectral channels (0.65, 3.75, 11, and 12 km) that are common among several satellite-based instruments is presented. The new algorithm is physically based and globally applicable and can provide quick information on the horizontal location of volcanic clouds that can be used to improve real-time ash hazard assessments. It can also provide needed input into volcanic cloud optical depth and particle size retrieval algorithms, the products of which can help improve ash dispersion forecasts. The results of this new four-channel algorithm for several scenes were compared to a threshold-based reverse absorption algorithm, where the reverse absorption algorithm is used to identify measurements with a negative 11-12-Am brightness temperature difference. The results indicate that the new four-channel algorithm is not only more sensitive to the presence of volcanic clouds but also generally less prone to false alarms than the standard reverse absorption algorithm. The greatest impact on detection sensitivity is seen in the Tropics, where water vapor can often mask the reverse absorption signal. The four-channel algorithm was able to detect volcanic clouds even when the 11-12-mu m brightness temperature difference was greater than +2 K. In the higher latitudes, the greatest impact seen was the significant reduction in false alarms compared to the reverse absorption algorithm and the improved ability to detect optically thick volcanic clouds. Cloud water can also mask the reverse absorption signal. The four-channel algorithm was shown to be more sensitive to volcanic clouds that have a water (ice or liquid water) component than the reverse absorption algorithm. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Anal Branch, Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Ctr, Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mpav@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X NR 48 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1422 EP 1444 DI 10.1175/JTECH1926.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109FP UT WOS:000242293600003 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY May, PT Shupe, MD AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. May, Peter T. Shupe, Matthew D. TI Rainfall profiling using atmospheric radiation measurement program vertically pointing 8-mm wavelength radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; CLOUD; REFLECTIVITY; PARAMETERS; RAINDROPS AB An attenuation -based method to retrieve vertical profiles of rainfall rate from vertically pointing K.-band radar measurements has been refined and adjusted for use with the U.S. Department of Energy's cloud radars deployed at multiple Atmospheric Radiation Program (ARM) test bed sites. This method takes advantage of the linear relationship between the rainfall rate and the attenuation coefficient, and can account for a priori information about the vertical profile of nonattenuated reflectivity. The retrieval method is applied to a wide variety of rainfall events observed at different ARM sites ranging from stratiform events with low-to-moderate rainfall rates (-5 turn h(-1)) to heavy convective rains with rainfall rates approaching 100 mm h(-1). The K(a)-band attenuation-based retrieval results expressed in both instantaneous rainfall rates and in rainfall accumulations are compared to available surface data and measurements of a scanning C-band precipitation polarimetric radar located near the Darwin, Australia, ARM test bed site. The K(a)-band retrievals are found to be in good agreement with the C-band radar estimates, which are based both on conventional radar reflectivity approaches and on polarimetric differential phase shift measurements. Typically, the C-band-Ka-band radar estimate differences are within the expected retrieval uncertainties. The magnitude of the K(a)-band rainfall-rate estimate error depends on the retrieval resolution, rain intensity, and uncertainties in the profiles of nonattenuated reflectivity. It is shown that reasonable retrieval accuracies (-15%-40%) can be achieved for a large dynamic range of observed rainfall rates (4-100 turn h(-1)) and the effective vertical resolution of about 1 km. The potential enhancements of the K(a)-band attenuation-based method by including a priori information on vertical profiles of nonattenuated reflectivity and increasing the height range of the retrievals by using K(a)-band polarization measurements are also discussed. The addition of the precipitation products to the suite of ARM hydrometeor retrievals can enhance the overall characterization of the vertical atmospheric column. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA Earth Syst Res, Boulder, CO USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Sergey.Matrosov@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1478 EP 1491 DI 10.1175/JTECH1957.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109FP UT WOS:000242293600006 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Spencer, PSJ AF Araujo-Pradere, E. A. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Spencer, P. S. J. TI Consistent features of TEC changes during ionospheric storms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TEC; ionospheric storms; mid latitude ionosphere; ionospheric models ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; ANTARCTIC F-REGION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; CORRECTION MODEL; THERMOSPHERE AB Global position system (GPS) data from the continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network have been used to obtain the ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) values over the continental USA (CONUS), corresponding to a series of 10-day storm periods with good seasonal coverage. The VTEC values have been extracted using the data assimilation algorithm for ionospheric imaging (MAGIC) package, a Kalman filter based code. The storm response of the VTEC was extracted from the data as a ratio to the quiet periods preceding the storms, and sorted as a function of latitude and a storm index defined as the integral, or filtered, a(p) over the previous 33 h. When studying the 10-day periods, consistent features from storm to storm were found, and these features became more apparent when separating the data between the "driven" phase of the storm, when the integral of a(p) is rising, and the "recovery" to the storm, when the integral of a(p) is declining. In this paper the results for three storms are highlighted. The "driven" phase shows, for these storms, a positive phase for the mid latitude region, while the "recovery" shows a negative phase. The existence of the positive phase over CONUS at the beginning of the storm period appears to be related to the timing of the peak of the perturbation; a positive phase will be observed when the peak of the perturbation occurs near midnight UT. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, SEC NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, SEC NOAA, 325 Broadway R-SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eduardo.araujo@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 68 IS 16 BP 1834 EP 1842 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112LV UT WOS:000242528400004 ER PT J AU Tripathi, OP Godin-Beekmann, S Lefevre, F Marchand, M Pazmino, A Hauchecorne, A Goutail, F Schlager, H Volk, CM Johnson, B Konig-Langlo, G Balestri, S Stroh, F Bui, TP Jost, HJ Deshler, T von der Gathen, P AF Tripathi, Om Prakash Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Lefevre, Franck Marchand, Marion Pazmino, Andrea Hauchecorne, Alain Goutail, Florence Schlager, Hans Volk, C. Michael Johnson, B. Koenig-Langlo, G. Balestri, Stefano Stroh, Fred Bui, T. P. Jost, H. J. Deshler, T. von der Gathen, Peter TI High resolution simulation of recent Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric chemical ozone loss compared to observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE comparison with observations; high-resolution 3-D chemical transport model; ozone loss; stratospheric chemistry; polar ozone; sensitivity tests ID MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SIMULATIONS; TOTAL REACTIVE NITROGEN; POLAR VORTEX; TRANSPORT MODEL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; HNO3 OBSERVATIONS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; III OBSERVATIONS; WINTER 1999/2000 AB Simulations of polar ozone losses were performed using the three-dimensional high-resolution (1 degrees x 1 degrees) chemical transport model MIMOSA-CHIM. Three Arctic winters 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2002-2003 and three Antarctic winters 2001, 2002, and 2003 were considered for the study. The cumulative ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002-2003 reached around 35% at 475 K inside the vortex, as compared to more than 60% in 1999-2000. During 1999-2000, denitrification induces a maximum of about 23% extra ozone loss at 475 K as compared to 17% in 2002-2003. Unlike these two colder Arctic winters, the 2001-2002 Arctic was warmer and did not experience much ozone loss. Sensitivity tests showed that the chosen resolution of 1 degrees x 1 degrees provides a better evaluation of ozone loss at the edge of the polar vortex in high solar zenith angle conditions. The simulation results for ozone, ClO, HNO3, N2O, and NOy for winters 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 were compared with measurements on board ER-2 and Geophysica aircraft respectively. Sensitivity tests showed that increasing heating rates calculated by the model by 50% and doubling the PSC (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) particle density (from 5 x 10(-3) to 10(-2) cm(-3)) refines the agreement with in situ ozone, N2O and NOy levels. In this configuration, simulated ClO levels are increased and are in better agreement with observations in January but are overestimated by about 20% in March. The use of the Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections slightly increases further ClO levels especially in high solar zenith angle conditions. Comparisons of the modelled ozone values with ozonesonde measurement in the Antarctic winter 2003 and with Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III) measurements in the Antarctic winters 2001 and 2002, shows that the simulations underestimate the ozone loss rate at the end of the ozone destruction period. A slightly better agreement is obtained with the use of Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections. C1 CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, CNRS, IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Environm Res & Serv, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Dept Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. RP Tripathi, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, 24490 Table Mt Rd,POB 367, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM ompraka@aero.jussieu.fr RI Stroh, Fred/A-6505-2009; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012; OI Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 NR 72 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10874-006-9028-8 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 102FS UT WOS:000241797000002 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. TI (p,rho,T,x) and viscosity measurements of {x(1)n-heptane + (1-x(1)) n-octane} mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE density; excess molar volume; Gibbs free energy of activation; Grunberg-Nissan constant; n-alkane mixtures; n-heptanel n-octane; viscosity ID APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; AQUEOUS NANO3 SOLUTIONS; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; 573 K; 30 MPA; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALKANE MIXTURES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; LII SOLUTIONS AB Density and viscosity measurements are reported for {x(1)n-heptane + (1-x(1))n-octane} mixtures at x(1) = (0.2808, 0.5427, 0.7906). The measurements of density and viscosity were made with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat and a capillary flow technique, respectively. Measurements were made at pressures up to 10 MPa, The range of temperature was (293 to 557) K for the density measurements and (298 to 473) K for the viscosity measurements. The total uncertainty of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and composition measurements was estimated to be less than 0.06%, 1.6%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.02%, respectively. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on density and viscosity of the binary {x(1)n-heptane + (1-x(1))n-octane} mixtures was studied. The measured values of density and viscosity for the pure components and mixtures were compared with those generated by reference equations and prediction techniques for the mixtures. The excess molar volumes V-m(E) and the viscosity deviations Delta eta were derived using the measured values of density and viscosity for the mixtures and pure components, The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of the Grunberg-Nissan equation for binary mixtures. The temperature dependence of the Grunberg-Nissan constant was studied using the present viscosity data. The molar excess Gibbs energy of activation for flow Delta E-a was also calculated from our experimental viscosity data for the (n-heptane + n-octane) mixtures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geothermal Problems Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Russia. Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mangur@xtreem.ru; akamnaz@yahoo.com NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1402 EP 1415 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2006.01.012 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 111EY UT WOS:000242435400020 ER PT J AU Goddard, L Kumar, A Hoerling, MP Barnston, AG AF Goddard, Lisa Kumar, Arun Hoerling, Martin P. Barnston, Anthony G. TI Diagnosis of anomalous winter temperatures over the eastern United States during the 2002/03 El Nino SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SNOW COVER; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEASONAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS AB The eastern United States experienced an unusually cold winter season during the 2002/03 El Nino event. The U. S. seasonal forecasts did not suggest an enhanced likelihood for below-normal temperatures over the eastern United States in that season. A postmortem analysis examining the observed temperatures and the associated forecast is motivated by two fundamental questions: what are these temperature anomalies attributable to, and to what extent were these temperature anomalies predictable? The results suggest that the extreme seasonal temperatures experienced in the eastern United States during December-February (DJF) 2002/03 can be attributed to a combination of several constructively interfering factors that include El Nino conditions in the tropical Pacific, a persistent positive Pacific-North American (PNA) mode, a persistent negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mode, and persistent snow cover over the northeastern United States. According to the simulations and predictions from several dynamical atmospheric models, which were not rigorously included in the U. S. forecast, much of the observed temperature pattern was potentially predictable. C1 Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Goddard, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, 228 Monell Bldg,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM goddard@iri.columbia.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 21 BP 5624 EP 5636 DI 10.1175/JCLI3930.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107II UT WOS:000242163800010 ER PT J AU Held, IM Soden, BJ AF Held, Isaac M. Soden, Brian J. TI Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DOUBLING CO2; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; FEEDBACKS; MOISTURE AB Using the climate change experiments generated for the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this study examines some aspects of the changes in the hydrological cycle that are robust across the models. These responses include the decrease in convective mass fluxes, the increase in horizontal moisture transport, the associated enhancement of the pattern of evaporation minus precipitation and its temporal variance, and the decrease in the horizontal sensible heat transport in the extratropics. A surprising finding is that a robust decrease in extratropical sensible heat transport is found only in the equilibrium climate response, as estimated in slab ocean responses to the doubling of CO(2), and not in transient climate change scenarios. All of these robust responses are consequences of the increase in lower-tropospheric water vapor. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Soden, BJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM b.soden@miami.edu NR 25 TC 1422 Z9 1453 U1 75 U2 407 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 21 BP 5686 EP 5699 DI 10.1175/JCLI3990.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107II UT WOS:000242163800014 ER PT J AU Klinger, BA Huang, BH Kirtman, B Schopf, P Wang, JD AF Klinger, Barry A. Huang, Bohua Kirtman, Ben Schopf, Paul Wang, Jiande TI Monthly climatologies of oceanic friction velocity cubed SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX; NCEP REANALYSES; MOMENTUM FLUXES; TURBULENT HEAT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA; PACIFIC AB Different measures of wind influence the ocean in different ways. In particular, the time-averaged mixed layer turbulent energy production rate is proportional to < u(*)(3)>, where u(*) is the "oceanic friction velocity" that is based on wind stress. Estimating < u(*)(3)> from monthly averages of wind stress or wind speed may introduce large biases due to the day-to-day variability of the direction and magnitude of the wind. The authors create monthly climatologies of < u(*)(3)> from daily wind stress measurements obtained from the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes version 2 (GSSTF2; based on satellite microwave measurements), the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT; based on satellite scatterometry measurements), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis wind. The differences among zonal averages of these climatologies and of a similar climatology based on the da Silva version of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) have a complex dependence on latitude. These differences are typically 10%-30% of the climatological values. The GSSTF2 data confirm that < u(*)(3)> is much larger than estimates from monthly averaged wind stress or wind speed, especially outside the Tropics. C1 Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NOAA, SAIC, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Klinger, BA (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM klinger@cola.iges.org NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 21 BP 5700 EP 5708 DI 10.1175/JCLI3863.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107II UT WOS:000242163800015 ER PT J AU Stevens, BG AF Stevens, Bradley G. TI Timing and duration of larval hatching for blue king crab Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850 held in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMTSCHATICA TILESIUS DECAPODA; LITHODES-AEQUISPINUS ANOMURA; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; EVOLUTIONARY BETS; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; BRACHYURAN CRABS; EMBRYO MASSES; BERING-SEA; RELEASE AB Female blue king crab, Paralithodes platypus, were captured from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in July and October 2003 and shipped to the Kodiak Fisheries Research Center. Crabs were held in chilled seawater at 2, 3.5, or 4 degrees C until hatching, and final counts were 4, 6, and 10 crabs in each treatment, respectively. Mean size of all crabs was 123.9 mra CL and did not differ significantly between treatments. Individual crabs required an average of 29 days for complete hatching, regardless of holding temperature. Earliest hatching began on or before 20 February 2004. Crabs captured in July and held at 4 degrees C hatched significantly earlier, with a mean hatch date of 13 March 2004, than crabs captured in October and held at 2 degrees C or 3.5 degrees C, both of which groups hatched on a mean date of 18 April 2004. Crabs released an average of 416 ml of larvae, and 110,033 first stage zoeae. Excluding two crabs for which complete volumes were not obtained, there were no differences in volume or number of larvae released by crabs held at different temperatures. The pattern, duration and timing of larval release exhibited by blue king crab is similar to that observed for other lithodid crabs including red king crab (P. camtschaticus), golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus), and southern king crab (L. santolla). Extended hatching periods for king crabs may be an adaptation to environmental variability and the uncertainty of adequate food sources for larvae, and represent a reproductive strategy of diversified bet-hedging. C1 Kodiak Fishery Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Kodiak Fishery Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM bradley.g.stevens@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1651/S-2677.1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 109BB UT WOS:000242281800006 ER PT J AU Fogarty, M AF Fogarty, Michael TI Sea Grant 3rd Annual Science Symposium - Lobsters as model organisms for interfacing behavior, ecology, and fisheries: Discussion session summary on metapopulation dynamics and implications for management SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICAN LOBSTER C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fogarty, M (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mfogarty@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 666 EP 667 DI 10.1651/S-2765.1 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 109BB UT WOS:000242281800026 ER PT J AU Mahadik, N Rao, MV Davydov, AV AF Mahadik, Nadeemullah Rao, Mulpuri V. Davydov, Albert V. TI Thermally stable Ge/Cu/Ti ohmic contacts to n-type GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ohmic contacts; GaN; metallization ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; RESISTANCE; CU3GE; DIFFUSION AB The performance of a novel Ge/Cu/Ti metallization scheme on n-type GaN has been investigated for obtaining thermally and electrically stable low-resistance ohmic contacts. Isochronal (2 min.) anneals in the 600-740 degrees C temperature range and isothermal (690 degrees C) anneals for 2-10 min. duration were performed in inert atmosphere. For the 690 degrees C isothermal schedule, ohmic behavior was observed after annealing for 3 min. or longer with a lowest contact resistivity of 9.1 X 10(-5) Omega cm(2) after the 10 min. anneal for a net donor doping concentration of 9.2 X 10(17) cm(-3). Mean roughness (R-a) for anneals at 690 degrees C was almost constant at around 5 nm, up to an annealing duration of 10 min., which indicates a good thermal stability of the contact scheme. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahadik, N (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmulpuri@gmu.edu RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2035 EP 2040 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0310-y PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 112HB UT WOS:000242515300018 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Shimizu, M Felli, L Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, A. L. Shimizu, M. Felli, L. Swanson, P. Dickhoff, W. W. TI Metabolic hormones regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 mRNA levels in primary cultured salmon hepatocytes; lack of inhibition by insulin SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; I IGF-I; RAT HEPATOCYTES; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH; IGFBP-1; AXIS; GH; MODULATION AB IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the effects of the IGFs, major stimulators of vertebrate growth and development. In mammals, IGFBP-1 inhibits the actions of IGF-I. Rapid increases in circulating IGFBP-1 occur during catabolic states. Insulin and glucocorticoids are the primary regulators of circulating IGFBP-1 in mammals. Insulin inhibits and glucocorticoids stimulate hepatocyte IGFBP-1 gene expression and production. A 22 kDa IGFBP in salmon blood also increases during catabolic states and has recently been identified as an IGFBP-1 homolog. We examined the hormonal regulation of salmon IGFBP-1 mRNA levels and protein secretion in primary cultured salmon hepatocytes. The glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone progressively increased hepatocyte IGFBP-1 mRNA levels (eightfold) and medium IGFBP-1 immunoreactivity over concentrations comparable with stressed circulating cortisol levels (10(-9)-10(-6) M). GH progressively reduced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels (0.3-fold) and medium IGFBP-1 immunoreactivity over physiological concentrations (5x10(-11)-5x10(-9) M). Unexpectedly, insulin slightly increased hepatocyte IGFBP-1 mRNA (1.4-fold) and did not change medium IGFBP-1 immunoreactivity over physiological concentrations and above (10(-9)-10(-6) M). Triiodothyronine had no effect on hepatocyte IGFBP-1 mRNA, whereas glucagon increased IGFBP-1 mRNA (2.2-fold) at supraphysiological concentrations (10(-6) M). This study suggests that the major inhibitory role of insulin in the regulation of liver IGFBP-1 production in mammals is not found in salmon. However, regulation of salmon liver IGFBP-1 production by other metabolic hormones is similar to what is found in mammals. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM piercea@hawaii.edu NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 191 IS 2 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1677/joe.1.06986 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 111FC UT WOS:000242435800004 PM 17088407 ER PT J AU Huttula, AS Tordik, PA Imamura, G Eichmiller, FC McClanahan, SB AF Huttula, Andrew S. Tordik, Patricia A. Imamura, Glen Eichmiller, Frederick C. McClanahan, Scott B. TI The effect of ultrasonic post instrumentation on root surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE heat-induced bone degeneration; post removal; root surface temperature changes; ultrasonics ID HEAT-GENERATION; THERMAL-INJURY; GUTTA-PERCHA; REMOVAL; BONE; RISE AB This study measured root surface temperature changes when ultrasonic vibration, with and without irrigation, was applied to cemented endodontic posts. Twenty-six, extracted, single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into two groups. Root lengths were standardized, canals instrumented, obturated, and posts cemented into prepared spaces. Thermocouples were positioned at two locations on the proximal root surfaces. Samples were embedded in plaster and brought to 37 degrees C in a water bath. Posts were ultrasonically vibrated for 4 minutes while continuously measuring temperature. Two-way ANOVA compared effects of water coolant and thermocouple location on temperature change. Root surface temperatures were significantly higher (p < 0.001) when posts were instrumented dry. A trend for higher temperatures was observed at coronal thermocouples of nonirrigated teeth and at apical thermocouples of irrigated teeth (p = 0.057). Irrigation during post removal with ultrasonics had a significant impact on the temperature measured at the external root surface. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tordik, PA (reprint author), 8617 Augusta Farm Lane, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. EM patordik@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1087 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2006.05.005 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 099ML UT WOS:000241598900011 PM 17055912 ER PT J AU Yi, TW Harper, WF Holbrook, RD Love, NG AF Yi, Taewoo Harper, Willie F., Jr. Holbrook, R. David Love, Nancy G. TI Role of particle size and ammonium oxidation in removal of 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol in bioreactors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE biological treatment; membranes; sorption; nitrification; oxidation; waste management ID NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; MONOOXYGENASE AB Laboratory scale bioreactors were used to investigate sorption and biodegradation of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2). EE2 is among many emerging micropollutants that may cause endocrine disruption of aquatic organisms in the environment. Results showed that the sludge taken from the membrane bioreactor (MBR) had a sorption distribution coefficient that was more than twice that of biomass derived from sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The MBR biomass had smaller particles and was more hydrophobic than the SBR biomass. Experiments with nitrifying sludge showed that sorption was more important when the initial ammonia concentration was 48 mg/L or less. but at higher initial ammonia concentrations the role of biodegradation became more important. The ammonium monooxygenase enzyme extracted from a nitrifying mixed culture removed EE2 in batch experiments. These findings are the first that we are aware of to link biomass particle size, hydrophobicity, and sorption capacity. These results also support the notion that cometabolic biodegradation of EE2 can occur in nitrifying sludge. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Yi, TW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yitaewo@auburn.edu; wharper@eng.auburn.edu; dave.holbrook@nist.gov; nlove@vt.edu RI Love, Nancy/A-8056-2008 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 11 BP 1527 EP 1529 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:11(1527) PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099EA UT WOS:000241574100016 ER PT J AU Albus, J Bostelman, R Chang, T Hong, T Shackleford, W Shneier, M AF Albus, Jim Bostelman, Roger Chang, Tommy Hong, Tsai Shackleford, Will Shneier, Michael TI Learning in a hierarchical control system: 4D/RCS in the DARPA LAGR program SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Machine Learning Based Robotics in Unstructured Environments CY DEC, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID MOBILE ROBOT AB The Defense Applied Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles (LAGR) program aims to develop algorithms for autonomous vehicle navigation that learn how to operate in complex terrain. Over many years, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a reference model control system architecture called 4D/RCS that has been applied to many kinds of robot control, including autonomous vehicle control. For the LAGR program, NIST has embedded learning into a 4D/RCS controller to enable the small robot used in the program to learn to navigate through a range of terrain types. The vehicle learns in several ways. These include learning by example, learning by experience, and learning how to optimize traversal. Learning takes place in the sensory processing, world modeling, and behavior generation parts of the control system. The 4D/RCS architecture is explained in the paper, its application to LAGR is described, and the learning algorithms are discussed. Results are shown of the performance of the NIST control system on independently-conducted tests. Further work on the system and its learning capabilities is discussed. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, Inst Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Albus, J (reprint author), NIST, Inst Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM James.Albus@nist.gov; Roger.Bostelman@nist.gov; Tommy.Chang@nist.gov; Tsai.Hong@nist.gov; William.Shackleford@nist.gov; Michael.Shneier@nist.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11-12 BP 975 EP 1003 DI 10.1002/rob.20162 PG 29 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 163GO UT WOS:000246147100003 ER PT J AU Nagai, T Yukimatu, AS Matsuoka, A Asai, KT Green, JC Onsager, TG Singer, HJ AF Nagai, T. Yukimatu, A. S. Matsuoka, A. Asai, K. T. Green, J. C. Onsager, T. G. Singer, H. J. TI Timescales of relativistic electron enhancements in the slot region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC STORMS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ZONE ELECTRONS; RING CURRENT; EXOS-D; ACCELERATION AB We present two event studies of significant enhancements of relativistic electron flux in the slot region of Earth's radiation belts during storms, using electron measurements from the Akebono spacecraft at high altitudes and NOAA 15, 16, 17, and 18 at low altitudes. These flux enhancements take place during the main phase of storms, and occur rapidly on timescales of less than 60 min. In association with storm time substorms, the magnetic field at geosynchronous altitude becomes highly stretched, intensifies, and then returns to a more dipolar configuration. The flux enhancements in the slot region are likely associated with these large changes in the nightside magnetic field configuration. The observations imply that rapid particle acceleration and/or transport processes operate in the inner (L<3) magnetosphere in association with large substorms during the main phase of a storm. C1 Natl Inst Polar Res, Res Org Informat & Syst, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nagai, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol Earth & Planetary Sci, 12-5 Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM nagai@geo.titech.ac.jp; sessai@nipr.ac.jp; matsuoka@stp.isas.jaxa.jp; asaikt@nict.go.jp; Janet.Green@noaa.gov; Terry.Onsager@noaa.gov; Howard.Singer@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11205 DI 10.1029/2006JA011837 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103EI UT WOS:000241868100009 ER PT J AU Grant, WS Spies, IB Canino, MF AF Grant, W. Stewart Spies, Ingrid B. Canino, Michael F. TI Biogeographic evidence for selection on mitochondrial DNA in North Pacific walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID PAN-I LOCUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; BERING-SEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC COD; GENETIC-VARIATION; POSITIVE SELECTION; POLYMORPHISM; ALASKA; FISH AB Three major mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups were identified in 5 data sets for North Pacific and Bering Sea walleye pollock. The common haplogroup A showed mirror-image clines on both sides of the North Pacific with high frequencies in southern areas (P-A > 0.84) and low frequencies in the Bering Sea (P-A < 0.36). Two additional haplogroups showed complimentary, but weaker, clines in the opposite direction. These clines are unlikely to have arisen by chance during postglacial colonizations of coastal waters in the North Pacific and Bering Sea, and they do not appear to reflect isolation by distance. Contrary to these trends, pollock at the western end of the Aleutian Island Archipelago were genetically more similar to Asian than to North American pollock, a pattern likely reflecting postglacial colonization. Haplogroup F-ST values for a given haplotype diversity were significantly larger than expected under the island model of migration and random drift, a result implicating natural selection. Frequencies of haplogroup A were highly correlated with sea surface temperature (r > 0.91), whereas frequencies of groups B and C showed negative correlations with temperature. Selection may be operating directly on mtDNA variability or may be mediated through cytonuclear interactions. This biogeographic evidence adds to a growing body of literature indicating that selection may play a greater role in sculpting mtDNA variability than previously thought. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Grant, WS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM phylogeo@yahoo.com NR 64 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1093/jhered/esl033 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 120FF UT WOS:000243069200005 PM 17038421 ER PT J AU Foreman, MGG Cummins, PF Cherniawsky, JY Stabeno, P AF Foreman, M. G. G. Cummins, P. F. Cherniawsky, J. Y. Stabeno, Phyllis TI Tidal energy in the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATING ALTIMETRIC TIDES; BAROTROPIC OCEAN TIDES; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; GLOBAL OCEANS; MODEL; DISSIPATION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; FRICTION; CURRENTS AB Tidal harmonies computed from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry are assimilated into a barotropic, finite element model of the Bering Sea whose accuracy is evaluated though comparisons with independent bottom pressure gauges. The model is used to estimate energy fluxes through each of the Aleutian Passes and Bering Strait and to construct an energy budget for the major tidal constituents. The finite element model does not conserve mass locally and this is shown to give rise to an additional term in the energy budget whose contribution is significant for the prior model, but which is reduced substantially with the assimilation technique. Though the M, constituent is estimated to have the largest net energy flux into the Bering Sea at 31.2 GW, the K, constituent is not far behind at 24.9 GW and the sum for the three largest diurnal constituents is found to be greater than the sum for the largest three semi-diurnals. Samalga and Amutka Passes are found to be the primary conduits for influx of semi-diurnal energy while Amchitka Pass is the primary conduit for diurnal energy. A significant portion of the diurnal energy is seen to exist in the form of continental shelf waves trapped along Bering Sea slopes. The effect of the 18.6-year nodal modulation is estimated and found to cause basin-wide variations of approximately 19% in the net incoming tidal energy flux. Larger variations in the dissipation occur in subregions that are strongly dominated by the diurnal constituents, such as Seguam Pass, and south of Cape Navarin. These variations should correlate with tidal mixing and may have important consequences for biological productivity, similar to those previously found for Pacific halibut recruitment (Parker et al., 1995) and shrimp, capelin, herring, cod, and haddock biomass in the Barents Sea (Yndestad, 2004). C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foreman, MGG (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM foremanm@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 6 BP 797 EP 818 DI 10.1357/002224006779698341 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 134ZW UT WOS:000244124400002 ER PT J AU Richards, S Berry-Kravis, E Buller, A Casey, B Feldman, GL Jakupciak, JP Johnson, M Matteson, K Muralidharan, K Napolitano, N Richie, KL Rohlis, EM Schaefer, F Sellers, T Spector, E Spector, E Kalman, L AF Richards, S. Berry-Kravis, E. Buller, A. Casey, B. Feldman, G. L. Jakupciak, J. P. Johnson, M. Matteson, K. Muralidharan, K. Napolitano, N. Richie, K. L. Rohlis, E. M. Schaefer, F. Sellers, T. Spector, E. Spector, E. Kalman, L. TI Development of genomic quality control materials for Huntington disease genetic testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Ctr Genet Testing St Francis, Tulsa, OK USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800017 ER PT J AU Wilson, JA Pratt, VM Phansalkar, A Beck, JC Bridgeman, SJ Courtney, EM Epp, L Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Highsmith, WE Hjelm, NL Holtegaard, LM Jama, MA Johnson, MA Labrousse, P Lyon, E Muralidharan, K Prior, TW Richards, CS Richie, KL Roa, BB Rohtfs, EM Sellers, T Sherman, SL Siegrist, KA Silverman, LM Williams, MS Wiszniewska, J Kalman, LV AF Wilson, J. Amos Pratt, V. M. Phansalkar, A. Beck, J. C. Bridgeman, S. J. Courtney, E. M. Epp, L. Ferreira-Gonzalez, A. Highsmith, W. E. Hjelm, N. L. Holtegaard, L. M. Jama, M. A. Johnson, M. A. Labrousse, P. Lyon, E. Muralidharan, K. Prior, T. W. Richards, C. S. Richie, K. L. Roa, B. B. Rohtfs, E. M. Sellers, T. Sherman, S. L. Siegrist, K. A. Silverman, L. M. Williams, M. S. Wiszniewska, J. Kalman, L. V. TI Consensus validation of 16 FMR1 controls: a consortium study by the fragile xperts SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Focus Diagnost Inc, Cypress, CA USA. Quest Diagnost, Nichols Inst, Chantilly, VA USA. ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Assoc Mol Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 623 EP 623 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800022 ER PT J AU Desmarais, E Belkhir, K Garza, JC Bonhomme, F AF Desmarais, Erick Belkhir, Khalid Garza, John Carlos Bonhomme, Francois TI Local mutagenic impact of insertions of LTR retrotransposons on the mouse genome SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mouse genome; LTR retrotransposons; simple tandem repeats; RMER10 ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; DNA-POLYMERASE-LAMBDA; MOBILE ELEMENTS; ALU REPEATS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; REPLICATION FORKS; TRIPLET REPEATS; GENETIC-MARKERS AB Solitary LTR loci are the predominant form of LTR retrotransposons in most eukaryotic genomes. They originate from recombination between the two LTRs of an ancestral retrovirus and are therefore incapable of transposition. Despite this inactivity, they appear to have a substantial impact on the host genome. Here we use the murine RMER10 LTR family as an example to describe how such elements can reshape regions of the genome through multiple mutations on an evolutionary time scale. Specifically, we use phylogenetic analysis of multiple copies of RMER10 in rodent species, as well as comparisons of orthologous pairs in mouse and rat, to argue that insertions of members of this family have locally induced the emergence of tandem repeat loci as well as many indels. Analysis of structural aspects of these sequences (secondary structures and transcription factors signals) may explain why RMER10 can become endogenous "mutagenic" factors through induction of replication fork blockages and/or error-prone repair of aberrant DNA structures. This hypothesis is also consistent with features of other interspersed repeated elements. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IFREMER, Lab Genome Populat Interact Adaptat,UMR5171, F-34095 Montpellier, France. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Desmarais, E (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IFREMER, Lab Genome Populat Interact Adaptat,UMR5171, CC G3 Montpellier Pl E Batiallon, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM desmarais@univ-montp2.fr RI Bonhomme, Francois/C-6290-2012 OI Bonhomme, Francois/0000-0002-8792-9239 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 5 BP 662 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s00239-005-0301-2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 105FE UT WOS:000242014800008 PM 17075698 ER PT J AU Motiyenko, RA Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Lovas, FJ AF Motiyenko, R. A. Alekseev, E. A. Dyubko, S. F. Lovas, F. J. TI Microwave spectrum and structure of furfural SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE furfural; microwave spectrum; rotational spectrum; molecular structure; C-13-isotopologs; O-18-isotopologs ID DEPENDENCE MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; ANHARMONIC-FORCE FIELD; AB-INITIO; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; VON FURFUROL; SUGARS; FURAN AB The microwave spectrum of furfural was investigated in the frequency range 7 GHz-21 GHz and 49 GHz-330 GHz. The ground and first torsional state of trans-furfural and ground state of cis-furfural were assigned and analyzed. A total of 1720 rotational lines with J up to 100 and K-a up to 53 were assigned to the ground state of trans-furfural, 1406 rotational lines with J up to 100 and K-a up to 48 were assigned to the first torsional state of trans-furfural and 2103 rotational lines with J up to 90 and K-a up to 48 to the ground state of cisfurfural. Accurate sets of centrifugal distortion constants for both conformations have been determined for the first time. The spectra of all C-13 and O-18 singly substituted isotopic species were observed in natural abundance in the 7 GHz-21 GHz range. Molecular structure co-ordinates, bond lengths and angles of the Kraitchman substitution type (r(s)) and pseudo-Kraitchman type (r(pKr)) are derived from the isotopic studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASU, Inst Raddio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Motiyenko, RA (reprint author), NASU, Inst Raddio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM motienko@rian.kharkov.ua NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 240 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2006.09.003 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 115LI UT WOS:000242735400012 ER PT J AU Matsumura, K Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ Tanaka, T AF Matsumura, Keiji Suenram, R. D. Lovas, F. J. Tanaka, Takehiko TI Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of isotopically substituted diacetylenes: r(s)-structure, quadrupole coupling, and anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE diacetylene; Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy; deuteration; C-13 substitution; r(s)-structure; equilibrium structure; nuclear quadrupole interaction; anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction; nuclear magnetic dipole-dipole interaction ID VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRUM; LINEAR POLYATOMIC MOLECULE; SCALED MOMENTS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; TRANSITION MOMENTS; BENDING VIBRATIONS; ACETYLENE; INERTIA; CYANOACETYLENE AB Monodeuterated diacetylene (HCCCCD) and its C-13-substituted species (HCCCCD)-C-13, (HCCCCD)-C-13, (HCCCCD)-C-13, and (HCCCCD)-C-13 were investigated by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The D nuclear quadrupole splittings were almost completely resolved. For (HCCCCD)-C-13 hyperfine splittings caused by the anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction between the H and 1 3 C nuclei were also observed. The analysis yielded rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and the constants for the nuclear quadrupole coupling and anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction. The substitution structure of HCCCCD was calculated as follows: r(s)(C-H) = 1.056054(39) angstrom, r(s)(C equivalent to C) = 1.208631(4) angstrom, r(s)(C-C) = 1.374117(6) angstrom, r(s)(C equivalent to C) = 1.208116(4) angstrom, and r(s)(C-D) = 1.056231(17) angstrom, in the order of the arrangement of the bonds. A rough estimate of the equilibrium structure is also presented. The eQq constant for the deuterium nucleus is 0.2061(4) MHz. The anisotropic 13 C-H spin-spin interaction constant was experimentally determined for the first time as b = -29.2(15) kHz, which is defined as the coefficient of (3I(2z)I(3z), - I-2 I-.(3)), where I-2 and I-3 denote the H and C-13 nuclear spins, respectively, and I-2z and I-3z their components along the molecular axis. The observed b constant is not accounted for by the direct magnetic dipole-dipole interaction only, suggesting a significant contribution from indirect anisotropic interaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Seinan Gakuin Univ, Fukuoka 8148511, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Matsumura, K (reprint author), Seinan Gakuin Univ, Fukuoka 8148511, Japan. EM keiji@seinan-gu.ac.jp NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 240 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2006.09.004 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 115LI UT WOS:000242735400015 ER PT J AU Piontkovski, SA O'brien, TD Umani, SF Krupa, EG Stuge, TS Balymbetov, KS Grishaeva, OV Kasymov, AG AF Piontkovski, Sergey A. O'Brien, Todd D. Umani, Serena F. Krupa, Elena G. Stuge, Tamara S. Balymbetov, Kyanish S. Grishaeva, Olga V. Kasymov, Abdul G. TI Zooplankton and the North Atlantic Oscillation: A basin-scale analysis SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS POPULATIONS; PLANKTON RECORDER SURVEY; TIME-SERIES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GULF-STREAM; CASPIAN SEA; BIOMASS; TRENDS; SHELF AB This study examines multiple, long-term zooplankton time series across the Atlantic region and its inland seas. Across a broad range of geographic regions and ecological environments, the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on interannual changes in the zooplankton populations was evident. Across the mid-Atlantic, a correlation between the NAO and zooplankton abundance was present and remained positive from the northwestern Atlantic through the enclosed seas of the far eastern Atlantic. Following high NAO years, these regions experienced higher total zooplankton abundance or biomass. Following low NAO years, this trend was reversed. A time lag in the zooplankton response to the NAO was also evident, influenced more by the scale of the water basin than by latitudinal or longitudinal location. For some regions, the correlation between zooplankton and the NAO was higher when the NAO was substituted with its sub-components: the Azores High (AH) and the Icelandic Low (IL) atmospheric pressure systems. This suggests that decomposition of the NAO into its components might enhance the sensitivity of the analysis of biological time series with regard to climate change. C1 Inst Biol So Seas, UA-99011 Crimea, Ukraine. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Trieste, Lab Biol Marina, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. Inst Zool, Alma Ata 480060, Kazakhstan. Inst Fishery, Alma Ata 480060, Kazakhstan. Inst Zool, Caspian Biol Stn, Baku 370073, Azerbaijan. RP Piontkovski, SA (reprint author), Inst Biol So Seas, UA-99011 Crimea, Ukraine. EM spiontkovski@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Fonda, Serena/H-6753-2012 NR 47 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbl037 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 099XG UT WOS:000241630100006 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, R. M. TI Toolkits for nuclear science: Data and spreadsheets SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT; ELECTRONIC DATABASE; COMPILATION; K(0); NAA AB In the past decade, the combination of readily accessible, reliable data in electronic form with well-tested spreadsheet programs has changed the approach to experiment planning and computation of results. This has led to a flowering of software applications based on spreadsheets, mostly written by scientists, not by professional programmers trained in numerical methods. Formal quality systems increasingly call for verified computational methods and reference data as part of the analytical process, a demand that is difficult to meet with most spreadsheets. Examples are given of utilities used in our laboratory, with suggestions for verification and quality maintenance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 270 IS 2 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0353-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096LX UT WOS:000241379700009 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Kearsley, AJ Hagedorn, JG AF Levine, Zachary H. Kearsley, Anthony J. Hagedorn, John G. TI Bayesian tomography for projections with an arbitrary transmission function with an application in electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian tomography; Beer's Law; maximum likelihood; multiple scattering; photonic band gap; physical transmission function; transmission electron microscope; transmission-thickness relation AB The vast majority of the developments in tomography assume that the transmission of the probe through the sample follows Beer's Law, i.e., the rule of exponential attenuation. However, for transmission electron microscopy of samples a few times their mean free path, Beer's Law is no longer an accurate description of the transmission of the probe as a function of the sample thickness. Recent simulations [Z. H. Levine, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3943 ( 2003)] have demonstrated accounting for the correct transmission function leads to superior tomographic reconstructions for a photonic band gap sample 8 mu m square. Those recent simulations assumed that data was available at all angles, i.e., over 180 degrees. Here, we consider a limited-angle case by generalizing the Bayesian formalism of Bouman and Sauer to allow an arbitrary transmission function. The new formalism is identical to that of Bouman and Sauer when the transmission function obeys Beer's Law. The examples, based on 140 degrees of data, suggest that using the physical transmission function is a requirement for performing limited angle reconstructions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Computat & Math Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.levine@nist.gov; anthony.kearsley@nist.gov; john.hagedorn@nist.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 111 IS 6 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.6028/jres.111.031 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 133EE UT WOS:000243994300001 PM 27274943 ER PT J AU Heimbach, C AF Heimbach, Craig TI NIST calibration of a neutron spectrometer ROSPEC SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; neutron; NIST; ROSPEC; spectroscopy AB A neutron spectrometer was acquired for use in the measurement of National Institute of Standards and Technology neutron fields. The spectrometer included options for the measurement of low and high energy neutrons, for a total measurement range from 0.01 eV up to 17 MeV. The spectrometer was evaluated in calibration fields and was used to determine the neutron spectrum of an Americium-Beryllium neutron source. The calibration fields used included bare and moderated Cf-252, monoenergetic neutron fields of 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV, and a thermal-neutron beam. Using the calibration values determined in this exercise, the spectrometer gives a good approximation of the neutron spectrum, and excellent values for neutron fluence, for all NIST calibration fields. The spectrometer also measured an Americium-Beryllium neutron field in a NIST exposure facility and determined the field quite well. The spectrometer measured scattering effects in neutron spectra which previously could be determined only by calculation or integral measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heimbach, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.heimbach@nist.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 111 IS 6 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.6028/jres.111.032 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 133EE UT WOS:000243994300002 PM 27274944 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH AF Levine, Zachary H. TI Synthetic incoherence via scanned Gaussian beams SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; Gaussian beams; incoherence; synthetic incoherence ID TOMOGRAPHY AB Tomography, in most formulations, requires an incoherent signal. For a conventional transmission electron microscope, the coherence of the beam often results in diffraction effects that limit the ability to perform a 3D reconstruction from a tilt series with conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, an analytic solution is given to a scanned Gaussian beam, which reduces the beam coherence to be effectively incoherent for medium-size ( of order 100 voxels thick) tomographic applications. The scanned Gaussian beam leads to more incoherence than hollow-cone illumination. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.levine@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 111 IS 6 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.6028/jres.111.033 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 133EE UT WOS:000243994300003 PM 27274945 ER PT J AU Fick, SE Ruggles, D AF Fick, Steven E. Ruggles, Dorea TI In-situ attenuation corrections for radiation force measurements of high frequency ultrasound with a conical target SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attenuation correction; conical target; in-situ attenuation; power measurement; radiation force balance; radiation pressure; ultrasonic power; ultrasound power ID ACOUSTIC ENERGY QUANTITIES; HIGHER APPROXIMATION; POWER OUTPUT; PRESSURE; BALANCE; SOUND AB Radiation force balance (RFB) measurements of time-averaged, spatially-integrated ultrasound power transmitted into a reflectionless water load are based on measurements of the power received by the RFB target. When conical targets are used to intercept the output of collimated, circularly symmetric ultrasound sources operating at frequencies above a few megahertz, the correction for in-situ attenuation is significant, and differs significantly from predictions for idealized circumstances. Empirical attenuation correction factors for a 45 degrees (half-angle) absorptive conical RFB target have been determined for 24 frequencies covering the 5 MHz to 30 MHz range. They agree well with previously unpublished attenuation calibration factors determined in 1994 for a similar target. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sch Architecture, Program Architectural Acoust, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Fick, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.fick@nist.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 111 IS 6 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.6028/jres.111.034 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 133EE UT WOS:000243994300004 PM 27274946 ER PT J AU Randa, J AF Randa, J. TI Noise-parameter uncertainties: A Monte Carlo simulation (vol 107, pg 433, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.randa@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 111 IS 6 BP 461 EP 461 DI 10.6028/jres.111.036 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 133EE UT WOS:000243994300006 PM 27274948 ER PT J AU Weiss, R Bahlburg, H AF Weiss, Robert Bahlburg, Heinrich TI A note on the preservation of offshore tsunami deposits SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; SEA; ISLAND; WAVES AB In this contribution we explore the preservation potential of offshore tsunami deposits. The application of linear wave theory and flat-bottom conditions allows a simplified representation of the physical environment. In such an environment it is possible to compute the boundary water depth, below which the influence of storm waves on tsunami deposits is negligible. The majority of the tsunami deposits described in the literature were deposited onshore where the tsunami wave is transformed into bores and rollers. These deposits differ from tsunami sediments of the deeper shelf, where the water-sediment interaction corresponds more to wave influences. We define the boundary depth d(b) as the depth below which tsunami deposits cannot be reworked due to storm waves. This is based on the assumption that the wave base coincides with the seabed. If the wave base is below the bed, a reworking of bed sediments occurs. If it is above, no energy is transferred to the bottom. As an example, we use tide-gauge records at Pointe de La Rue, Seychelles, and ca. 50 km offshore from Brisbane, Australia, at a water depth of 70 in, to derive the major wave parameters of the Sumatra tsunami and a Category 1 Cyclone that occurred from 4-6 March 2004 in Brisbane. The Brisbane storm wave reached the maximum wave height of 14.3 m. Wave periods varied between 6 s and 14 s and the computed maximum wavelength was 237 in. The largest height of the Sumatra tsunami was 3.01 m. Periods of between 24 min and 61 min were computed for the time between two subsequent peaks. The combination of our hydrodynamic considerations with information from a simplified Hjuistrom-Sundborg diagram implies that the most powerful storm and tsunami waves produce conditions near and at the sea bed that allow the transport of sediment grains from decimeters to meters in diameter. That means a sandy tsunami deposit in the area of the Brisbane tide gauge would be reworked by storm waves. Assuming the highest wave amplitude during the 2004 March storm at Brisbane as such a boundary wave, the water depth below which preservation of tsunami deposits is most likely is greater than 65 m. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Munster, Geol Palaeontol Inst & Museum, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Weiss, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM weiszr@u.washington.edu RI Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; OI Weiss, Robert/0000-0002-7168-5401 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11-12 BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.2110/jsr.2006.110 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA 114PK UT WOS:000242677900006 ER PT J AU Vanderah, TA Lufaso, MW Adler, AU Levin, I Nino, JC Provenzano, V Schenck, PK AF Vanderah, T. A. Lufaso, M. W. Adler, A. U. Levin, I. Nino, J. C. Provenzano, V. Schenck, P. K. TI Subsolidus phase equilibria and properties in the system Bi(2)O(3): Mn(2)O(3 +/- x): Nb(2)O(5) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrochlore; displacive disorder; bismuth manganese niobates; Bi-Mn-Nb-O; phase equilibria; phase diagram; dielectric properties; magnetic properties ID BI2O3-NB2O5 SOLID-SOLUTION; CUBIC PYROCHLORE; TRANSITION-METALS; MAGNETIC FERROELECTRICS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH SESQUIOXIDE; OXIDES; BIMNO3; PEROVSKITE; CHEMISTRY AB Subsolidus phase relations have been determined for the Bi-Mn-Nb-O system in air (750-900 degrees C). Phases containing Mn(2+), Mn(3+), and Mn(4+) were all observed. Ternary compound formation was limited to pyrochlore (A(2)B(2)O(6)O') which formed a substantial solid solution region at Bi-deficient stoichiometries (relative to Bi(2)(Mn,Nb)(2)O(7)) suggesting that approximate to 14-30% of the A-sites are occupied by Mn (likely Mn(2+)). X-ray powder diffraction data confirmed that all Bi-Mn-Nb-O pyrochlores form with structural displacements, as found for the analogous pyrochlores with Mn replaced by Zn, Fe, or Co. A structural refinement of the pyrochlore 0.4000:0.3000:0.3000 Bi(2)O(3):Mn(2)O(3 +/- x):Nb(2)O(5) using neutron powder diffraction data is reported with the A and O' atoms displaced (0.36 and 0.33 angstrom, respectively) from ideal positions to 96g sites, and with Mn(2+) on A-sites and Mn(3+) on B-sites (Bi(1.6)Mn(0.4)(2+)(Mn(0.4)(3+)Nb(1.2))O(7), Fd (3) over barm (#227), a = 10.478(1)angstrom); evidence of A or O' vacancies was not found. The displacive disorder is crystallographically analogous to that reported for Bi(1.5)Zn(0.92)Nb(1.5)O(6.92), which has a similar concentration of small B-type ions on the A-sites. EELS spectra for this pyrochlore were consistent with an Mn oxidation between 2+ and 3+. Bi-Mn-Nb-O pyrochlores exhibited overall paramagnetic behavior with negative Curie-Weiss temperature intercepts, slight superparamagnetic effects, and depressed observed moments compared to high-spin, spin-only values. At 300 K and 1 MHz the relative dielectric permittivity of Bi(1.600)Mn(1.200)Nb(1.200)O(7) was approximate to 128 with tan delta = 0.05; however, at lower frequencies the sample was conductive which is consistent with the presence of mixed-valent Mn. Low-temperature dielectric relaxation such as that observed for Bi(1.5)Zn(0.92)Nb(1.5)O(6.92) and other bismuth-based pyrochlores was not observed. Bi-Mn-Nb-O pyrochlores were readily obtained as single crystals and also as textured thin films using pulsed laser deposition. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vanderah, TA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrell.vanderah@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 NR 77 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 179 IS 11 BP 3467 EP 3477 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.07.014 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 088IK UT WOS:000240805200026 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Leong, K Schima, SA Collado, C O'Callaghan, JM Mateu, J AF Booth, James C. Leong, Kenneth Schima, Susan A. Collado, C. O'Callaghan, J. M. Mateu, J. TI Unified description of nonlinear effects in high temperature superconductor microwave devices SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY MAY 26-29, 2004 CL Begur, SPAIN ID THIN-FILMS; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; YBCO FILMS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; TRANSMISSION-LINES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; POWER; IMPEDANCE AB We experimentally demonstrate the equivalence of different manifestations of nonlinear response in high temperature superconductor (HTS) microwave devices. Using a combination of analytical and numerical analysis, we show that the results of intermodulation distortion measurements, harmonic generation measurements, and power-dependent resonator measurements of different coplanar waveguide structures patterned onto the same HTS thin-film sample all yield approximately the same values for the nonlinear penetration depth. The extraction of an underlying nonlinear material parameter that is independent of the specific device geometry and experimental configuration will allow our results to be quantitatively compared with other nonlinear measurements, and will therefore help in determining the dominant source(s) of nonlinear response in HTS microwave devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Tecnol Telecomun Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0126-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139TO UT WOS:000244455700003 ER PT J AU Leong, KT Booth, JC Claassen, JH AF Leong, Kenneth T. Booth, James C. Claassen, J. H. TI Determination of the superconducting penetration depth from coplanar-waveguide measurements SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY MAY 26-29, 2004 CL Begur, SPAIN DE penetration depth; transmission-line resonator; coplanar-waveguide; microwave measurements ID MICROSTRIP RESONATOR TECHNIQUE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; IMPEDANCE; LENGTHS AB We introduce a novel transmission-line method for determining the penetration depth in thin high-temperature superconducting (HTS) films. The method is based on the accurate measurement of the inductance per unit length of a superconducting coplanar-waveguide (CPW) transmission line fabricated on the HTS sample. Using the experimentally obtained inductance per unit length, we interpolate the penetration depth from a table of numerically determined values of inductance (per unit length) as a function of penetration depth, calculated from a coupled transmission-line model. A novelty of our procedure is the utilization of the multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) method and the calibration-comparison method to accurately determine the inductance per unit length of the superconducting transmission line. By measuring different CPW geometries patterned onto the same thin-film sample, we can verify our penetration depth values. We demonstrate this technique by extracting the penetration depth for several different HTS films at 76 K. Estimated uncertainties in the extracted penetration depth are also provided. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leong, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0223-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139TO UT WOS:000244455700015 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Brewer, WA AF Banta, Robert M. Pichugina, Yelena L. Brewer, W. Alan TI Turbulent velocity-variance profiles in the stable boundary layer generated by a nocturnal low-level jet SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; DOPPLER LIDAR; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; CASES-99; SHEAR; MOTIONS; REGIMES; ENERGY; FLOW AB Profiles of mean winds and turbulence were measured by the High Resolution Doppler lidar in the strong-wind stable boundary layer (SBL) with continuous turbulence. The turbulence quantity measured was the variance of the streamwise wind velocity component sigma(2)(u). This variance is a component of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and it is shown to be numerically approximately equal to TKE for stable conditions-profiles of sigma(2)(u) are therefore equivalent to profiles of TKE. Mean-wind profiles showed low-conditions-profiles of sigma(2)(u) level jet (LLJ) structure for most of the profiles, which represented 10-min averages of mean and fluctuating quantities throughout each of the six nights studied. Heights were normalized by the height of the first LLJ maximum above the surface Z(X), and the velocity scale used was the speed of the jet U-X, which is shown to be superior to the friction velocity it, as a velocity scale. The major results were 1) the ratio of the maximum value of the streamwise standard deviation to the LLJ speed sigma(u)/U-X was found to be 0.05, and 2) the three most common sigma(2)(u) profile shapes were determined by stability (or Richardson number Ri). The least stable profile shapes had the maximum sigma(2)(u) at the surface decreasing to a minimum at the height of the LLJ; profiles that were somewhat more stable had constant sigma(2)(u) through a portion of the subjet layer; and the most stable of the profiles had a maximum of a, aloft, although it is important to note that the Ri for even the most stable of the three profile categories averaged less than 0.20. The datasets used in this study were two nights from the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study 1999 campaign (CASES-99) and four nights from the Lamar Low-Level Jet Project, a wind-energy experiment in southeast Colorado, during September 2003. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 53 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 2700 EP 2719 DI 10.1175/JAS3776.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 111HT UT WOS:000242442700002 ER PT J AU Marchand, R Beagley, N Thompson, SE Ackerman, TP Schultz, DM AF Marchand, Roger Beagley, Nathaniel Thompson, Sandra E. Ackerman, Thomas P. Schultz, David M. TI A bootstrap technique for testing the relationship between local-scale radar observations of cloud occurrence and large-scale atmospheric fields SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL SYNOPTIC CLASSIFICATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; COLD SURGES; REGIONAL CLIMATES; REGIMES; PARAMETERIZATION; PATTERNS; FRONT AB A classification scheme is created to map the synoptic-scale (large scale) atmospheric state to distributions of local-scale cloud properties. This mapping is accomplished by a neural network that classifies 17 months of synoptic-scale initial conditions from the rapid update cycle forecast model into 25 different states. The corresponding data from a vertically pointing millimeter-wavelength cloud radar (from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site at Lamont, Oklahoma) are sorted into these 25 states, producing vertical profiles of cloud occurrence. The temporal stability and distinctiveness of these 25 profiles are analyzed using a bootstrap resampling technique. A stable-state-based mapping from synoptic-scale model fields to local-scale cloud properties could be useful in three ways. First, such a mapping may improve the understanding of differences in cloud properties between output from global climate models and observations by providing a physical context. Second, this mapping could be used to identify the cause of errors in the modeled distribution of clouds-whether the cause is a difference in state occurrence (the type of synoptic activity) or the misrepresentation of clouds for a particular state. Third, robust mappings could form the basis of a new statistical cloud parameterization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Marchand, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roj@pnl.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 2813 EP 2830 DI 10.1175/JAS3772.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 111HT UT WOS:000242442700008 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ AF Churnside, James H. Wilson, James J. TI Power spectrum and fractal dimension of laser backscattering from the ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; GULF AB We flew an airborne lidar perpendicular to the coastline along straight-line transects that varied in length between 230 and 280 km. The sample spacing was similar to 3 m, so we sampled almost five decades of spatial scales. Except for the return from right at the surface, the power spectra of backscattered power had a power-law dependence on spatial frequency, with a slope of similar to 1.49. This corresponds to a fractal dimension of 1.76. This implies that the distribution is not as patchy as that of a purely turbulent process. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2829 EP 2833 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.002829 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 097FH UT WOS:000241431900019 PM 17047710 ER PT J AU Edamura, M Benck, EC Wang, YC AF Edamura, Manabu Benck, Eric C. Wang, Yicheng TI Time-resolved measurements of the E-to-H mode transition in electronegative pulse-modulated inductively coupled plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID ION ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-DENSITY CF4; NEGATIVE-ION; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; C-2 RADICALS; PROBE; DIAGNOSTICS; CHLORINE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB Time-resolved measurements of electronegative pulse-modulated inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) were carried out using various measurement techniques. In order to explain the experimentally observed results, it is proposed that the structure of an Ar/CF4 plasma during an afterglow dynamically changes, passing through three stages when the period of the afterglow is long enough: (1) The first stage is the initial afterglow where the electron temperature suddenly decreases due to inelastic collision with CF4. Electron density decreases and the density of fluorine negative ions increases by electron attachment, but the sheath potential still exists and the negative ions are confined in the bulk plasma region. Since charge neutrality should be maintained, the density of positive ions is almost constant during this stage. (2) The second stake is the intermediate afterglow where the plasma consists, mainly of negative and positive ions but sheath potentials remain, reducing the negative ion flux from the plasma. The sheath potential gradually disappears and the densities of all the charged particles (electrons and positive and negative ions) decrease because of increased loss to the wall surface. (3) The third stage is where the sheath structure has disappeared completely, and the plasma consists of mainly positive and negative ions and losses are dominated by ambipolar diffusion. The presence of these stages during the afterglow is very important in understanding the behavior of pulsed ICPs with E-to-H mode transitions. The state of an afterglow plasma at the moment power is reapplied determines the discharge characteristics of the pulsed ICPs (e.g., the appearance of an E mode, the duration of the E mode, stability of the plasma). (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edamura, M (reprint author), Hitachi Kenki FineTech Co Ltd, 650 Kandatsu, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3000013, Japan. EM edamura05@hitachi-kenki.co.jp NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 2151 EP 2158 DI 10.1116/1.2359736 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 111WA UT WOS:000242484900028 ER PT J AU Hanssen, JL Dakin, EA McClelland, JJ Jacka, M AF Hanssen, J. L. Dakin, E. A. McClelland, J. J. Jacka, M. TI Using laser-cooled atoms as a focused ion beam source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofavrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID TECHNOLOGY; PROBE; SIZE AB The authors describe a new method for creating a high quality focused ion beam using laser-cooled neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap as an ion source. They show that this new technique can provide spot resolutions and brightness values that are better than the state of the art in focused ion beams. The source can be used with a range of different ionic species and can be combined with laser cooling techniques to exert unprecedented control over the ion emission, for example, producing single ions "on demand." The beam quality is a result of a high brightness and a narrow energy distribution, both of which stem from the cold temperature (approximate to 100 mu K) of the atoms. The ions are produced by subjecting the cold neutral atoms to a photoionization laser, after which they become a compact source of nearly monoenergetic ions. With the application of a potential gradient, the ions form a. beam that can be focused via standard ion optical techniques. They discuss estimations based on the initial size of the ion cloud and the energy distribution and show that the resulting beam has a low emittance. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Hanssen, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 2907 EP 2910 DI 10.1116/1.2363406 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400075 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Ding, YF Lee, HJ Hines, DR Jones, RL Lin, EK Karim, A Wu, WL Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Ding, Yifu Lee, Hae-Jeong Hines, Daniel R. Jones, Ronald L. Lin, Eric K. Karim, Alamgir Wu, Wen-li Soles, Christopher L. TI Evidence for internal stresses induced by nanoimprint lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofavrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID RESIDUAL LAYER THICKNESS; NANO-IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; CORRUGATION GRATINGS; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SURFACE; DECAY; FABRICATION AB The thermal embossing form of nanoimprint lithography is used to pattern arrays of nanostructures into three different polymer films. The shape of the imprinted patterns is characterized with nanometer precision using both x-ray scattering and reflectivity techniques. The time dependent response of the pattern shape at temperatures near the glass transition temperature reveals large levels of residual stress induced by the imprinting process. During the imprint, large shear fields are generated as the viscous polymer flows into the mold. If these shear distortions do not have time to relax during the imprinting, internal stresses are frozen into the final pattern. At elevated temperatures in the freestanding structures (once the mold has been separated from the imprint), there is an accelerated reduction in pattern height in the reverse direction from which the material originally flowed into the mold. Factors that influence this residual stress include the relative molecular mass or viscosity of the resist and the amount of time the pattern is annealed at high temperature in the presence of the mold. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Polymers Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 2973 EP 2978 DI 10.1116/1.2387157 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400089 ER PT J AU Lavery, KA Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK Choi, KW AF Lavery, Kristopher A. Vogt, Bryan D. Prabhu, Vivek M. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-Li Satija, Sushil K. Choi, Kwang-Woo TI Exposure dose effects on the reaction-diffusion process in model extreme ultraviolet photoresists SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; ACID DIFFUSION; REACTION FRONT; RESISTS; DEPROTECTION; KINETICS; LITHOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB The effect of exposure dose on the latent image deprotection profile in a model extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresist polymer, poly (hydroxystyrene-co-d(9)-tert-butyl acrylate), is measured with neutron reflectometry. As the photoacid concentration is increased by exposure dose, the spatial extent of propagation increases but eventually becomes self-limited by the products of the reaction. A long-range deprotection path occurs with diffusion length between 10 and 100 angstrom, while an additional subnanometer short-range deprotection length scale proceeds monotonically with dose. These measurements show that the photoacid diffusion length into unexposed regions of a photoresist is limited even in the absence of base quencher additives. These fundamental data can be used to highlight materials effects on photoresist processing and to improve quantitative models for EUV photoresists needed at the sub-32-nm half pitch lithography. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov; kwang-woo.choi@intel.com RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 3044 EP 3047 DI 10.1116/1.2375086 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400103 ER PT J AU Cord, B Dames, C Berggren, KK AF Cord, B. Dames, C. Berggren, K. K. TI Robust shadow-mask evaporation via lithographically controlled undercut SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofavrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY AB Suspended shadow-mask evaporation is a simple, robust technique for fabricating Josephson-junction structures using scanning electron-beam lithography. The basic process entails the fabrication of an Undercut structure in a resist bilayer to form a suspended "bridge," followed by two angle evaporations of superconducting material with a brief oxidation step in between. The result is two overlapping wires separated by a thin layer of oxide. Josephson junctions with sub-50-nm diameters are of particular interest in quantum computing research. Unfortunately, standard shadow-mask fabrication techniques are highly variable at linewidths below 100 nm, due to the difficulty of simultaneously fabricating a narrow line and a large undercut region. While most previous processes used poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) for the top (imaging)layer and either lower-molecular-weight PMMA or a PMMA/methacrylic acid copolymer for the bottom (support) layer, the authors' process uses a PMMA/poly(methylglutarimide) (PMGI) bilayer. The advantage of using PMGI as the support layer is that it develops in aqueous base solutions, while PMMA is insensitive to aqueous solutions and only develops in certain organic solvents. This allows the two layers to be developed independently, ensuring that the imaging layer is not biased during the development of the support layer and allowing the process to achieve the full resolution of the PMMA imaging layer, which can be extremely high. Additionally, the extent of the undercut in the support layer can be precisely controlled by defining it lithographically, rather than simply varying the PMGI development time as in previous processes. Although PMGI is sold as a "liftoff resist" and widely assumed to be electron insensitive, their experiments have shown that this is not the case. Instead, when dilute developer and low electron doses are used, PMGI behaves very much like a conventional photoresist. By exploiting this behavior, as well as its high electron sensitivity with respect to PMMA, the authors were able to define undercuts by defining low-dose regions adjacent to their features, exposing the underlying PMGI separately. In this manner, it is possible to create well-controlled undercut regions as large as 600 nm. Extensive modeling of both the exposure and development processes was used to verify their results. By using a Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering to simulate the electron exposure and mass-transfer relationships to simulate the process of developing the undercut region, the authors were able to produce a model that closely matches experimental results. With the process fully characterized, it is possible to produce nearly any linewidth/undercut combination, limited only by PMMA resolution and the mechanical stability of large overhang structures. This robustness, combined with the high resolution of the PMMA imaging layer, will allow the reliable fabrication of many interesting devices and circuits based on nanoscale Josephson junctions. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cord, B (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bcord@mit.edu NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 3139 EP 3143 DI 10.1116/1.2375090 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400121 ER PT J AU Zha, XF Sriram, RD AF Zha, Xuan F. Sriram, Ram D. TI Platform-based product design and development: A knowledge-intensive support approach SO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE product platform; product architecture; product family; modular design; knowledge support ID FAMILY; REPRESENTATION; ARCHITECTURE; DEFINITION; VARIETY; MODEL AB This paper presents a knowledge-intensive support paradigm for platform-based product family design and development. The fundamental issues underlying the product family design and development, including product platform and product family modeling, product family generation and evolution, and product family evaluation for customization, are discussed. A module-based integrated design scheme is proposed with knowledge support for product family architecture modeling, product platform establishment, product family generation, and product variant assessment. A systematic methodology and the relevant technologies are investigated and developed for knowledge supported product family design process. The developed information and knowledge-modeling framework and prototype system can be used for platform product design knowledge capture, representation and management and offer on-line support for designers in the design process. The issues and requirements related to developing a knowledge-intensive support system for modular platform-based product family design are also addressed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zha@cme.nist.gov; xfzha@ieee.org NR 84 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0950-7051 J9 KNOWL-BASED SYST JI Knowledge-Based Syst. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7 BP 524 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.knosys.2006.04.004 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 113ZQ UT WOS:000242636900010 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Beechie, TJ Baker, SE Hall, JE Barnas, KA AF Fullerton, Aimee H. Beechie, Timothy J. Baker, Sarah E. Hall, Jason E. Barnas, Katie A. TI Regional patterns of riparian characteristics in the interior Columbia River basin, Northwestern USA: applications for restoration planning SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coarse-resolution analysis; riparian; Pacific salmon; land use and land cover; conservation plans ID LAND-USE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SALMON HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; STREAMS; WATERSHEDS; MANAGEMENT; FLOODPLAIN; RESPONSES; SEDIMENT AB Recent declines in anadromous Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) have been attributed, in part, to degradation of freshwater habitat. Because riparian areas directly affect instream habitat, assessing riparian characteristics is essential for predicting salmon habitat quality and for prioritizing restoration projects. We quantified land use modification of anadromous fish-bearing streams in the interior Columbia River basin at multiple resolutions. We identified riparian areas in several land use and land cover classes using remotely sensed data. We then interpreted aerial photographs at random locations within each class to quantify riparian modifications at a local (stream reach) scale. Riparian areas in agricultural and urban areas were significantly narrower (similar to 30 m, median) than those in forested or shrub/grass areas (similar to 70 m). The largest proportion of modified riparian areas occurred in low-gradient streams with floodplains in semi-arid ecoreaions. Riparian vegetation in these areas is unlikely to provide adequate in-stream functions. making, these areas a natural starting point for restoration prioritization. We investigated how existing riparian restoration projects were spatially related to riparian land use and found that restoration effort varied among subwatersheds. Effective strategies for restoring high quality salmon habitat will be watershed-specific and must restore natural watershed processes. By using a hierarchical analysis to identify regional strategies, restoration or conservation activity can be focused in specific basins and thereby increase the likelihood that efforts will significantly improve habitat conditions for listed salmonids. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Fullerton@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1347 EP 1360 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-0017-8 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 106GP UT WOS:000242089300013 ER PT J AU Hooff, RC Peterson, WT AF Hooff, Rian C. Peterson, William T. TI Copepod biodiversity as an indicator of changes in ocean and climate conditions of the northern California current ecosystem SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL OREGON COAST; SEA CALANOID COPEPODS; 1997-1999 EL-NINO; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE PLANKTON; CURRENT SYSTEM; REGIME SHIFTS; LA-NINA; PACIFIC AB We evaluated copepod taxonomic diversity as a potential biological indicator of ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific Ocean using data collected biweekly between May 1996 and December 2004 and from 1969 to 1973 and 1983 off Newport, Oregon. During the summer, low copepod biodiversity is accompanied by high biomass, with the opposite patterns prevailing in the winter. High biodiversity, and associated low biomass, is also observed during the summers of major El Nino events (1983, 1997-1998) and during years when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is in a positive phase. From 1996 to the present, seasonally adjusted monthly anomalies of taxa richness and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index were compared to hydrographic and meteorological variables and to basin-wide climatological indices. Correlations of biodiversity with physical variables were strongest during the summer months for the Multivariate El Nino/Southern Oscillation Index, temperatures at a water depth of 50 in, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. During a 4-year cool period (1999-2002), biodiversity was low, likely a result of the increased transport of coastal subarctic waters into the northern California current. In recent years (2002 2005), however, there has been a dramatic increase in biodiversity. These increases may be attributable to the influence of a weak El Nino event in 2003; yet, high biodiversity persisted through the summer of 2005 and at times was higher than during the strongest El Nino events of the 20th century (1983 and 19971998). Our analyses suggest that changes in source waters, driven by remote basin scale forcing and not local environmental events, cause interannual-to-decadal variations in copepod biodiversity in the northern California current. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, 2030 S Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2607 EP 2620 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 108UW UT WOS:000242265700010 ER PT J AU Sanchirico, JN Holland, D Quigley, K Fina, M AF Sanchirico, James N. Holland, Daniel Quigley, Kathryn Fina, Mark TI Catch-quota balancing in multispecies individual fishing quotas SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE natural resources; created markets; tradable permits ID NEW-ZEALAND; TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; MARKETS; ITQS AB Individual fishery quotas (IFQs) are an increasingly prevalent form of fishery management around the world, with more than 170 species currently managed with IFQs. Yet, because of the difficulties in matching quota holdings with catches, many argue that IFQs are not appropriate for multispecies fisheries. Using on-the-ground-experience with multispecies IFQ fisheries in Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, we assess the design and use of catch-quota balancing mechanisms. Our methodology includes a mix of interviews with fishery managers, industry representatives, and brokers, literature review, and data analysis. We find that a combination of incentives and limits on use rates for the mechanisms provide sufficient flexibility to the quota owner without the fishery manager incurring excessive levels of overexploitation risk. Contrary to some opinions, these programs are evidence that it is possible to implement IFQ programs for multispecies fisheries and that they can be profitable and sustainable. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Gulf Marine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Sanchirico, JN (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Sanchirico@rff.org; dholland@gmri.org; Kathryn.Quigley@noaa.gov; Mark.Fina@noaa.gov OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X NR 43 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 767 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2006.02.002 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 084UQ UT WOS:000240560300018 ER PT J AU da Silva, PP Kitts, A AF da Silva, Patricia Pinto Kitts, Andrew TI Collaborative fisheries management in the Northeast US: Emerging initiatives and future directions SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE co-management; Northeast US; decentralized governance; ecosystem-based management ID COMANAGEMENT AB The nature of participation by fishing organizations in fisheries management in the Northeast US is changing. Evidence of this is the number of groups that are actively seeking opportunities for group governance of marine resources. This article explores emerging collaborative or co-management arrangements in this region (a process whereby decision-making is shared between federal/council level and fishery stakeholder groups) and the shift towards an ecosystem-based approach to the management of marine fisheries. This research suggests that it is an opportune time for the development of a regional policy in the Northeast that provides an enabling environment in support of decentralized governance of federally managed marine fisheries. It also suggests that these initiatives can play a key role in operationalizing ecosystem-based management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. RP da Silva, PP (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. EM patricia.pinto.da.silva@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2006.04.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 084UQ UT WOS:000240560300024 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Short, JW Payne, J AF Carls, Mark G. Short, Jeffrey W. Payne, James TI Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Neocalanus copepods in Port Valdez, Alaska SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH; copepod; Neocalanus; bioaccumulation; oil discharge; ballast water ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; OIL-SPILL; SHELL GROWTH; CRUDE-OIL; RESOURCES; PLUMCHRUS; SEDIMENTS; SEAWATER; TISSUES; GULF AB Sampling zooplankton is a useful strategy for observing trace hydrocarbon concentrations in water because samples represent an integrated average over a considerable effective sampling volume and are more representative of the sampled environment than discretely collected water samples. We demonstrate this method in Port Valdez, Alaska, an approximately 100 km(2) basin that receives about 0.5-2.4 kg of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) per day. Total PAH (TPAH) concentrations (0.61-1.31 mu g/g dry weight), composition, and spatial distributions in a lipid-rich copepod, Neocalanus were consistent with the discharge as the source of contamination. Although Neocalanus acquire PAH from water or suspended particulate matter, total PAH concentrations in these compartments were at or below method detection limits, demonstrating plankton can amplify trace concentrations to detectable levels useful for study. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Payne Environm Consultants Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1480 EP 1489 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 112FW UT WOS:000242512100029 PM 16814326 ER PT J AU Lura, P Bentz, DP Lange, DA Kovler, K Bentur, A van Breugel, K AF Lura, Pietro Bentz, Dale P. Lange, David A. Kovler, Konstantin Bentur, Arnon van Breugel, Klaas TI Measurement of water transport from saturated pumice aggregates to hardening cement paste SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL Cooper Mt, CO DE high-performance concrete; shrinkage; curing; autogenous strain ID HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE AB In internal water curing of High Performance Concrete, it is fundamental to know how and when the water contained in the internal curing agent is released into the hydrating cement paste. In this study, X-ray absorption measurements showed that considerable transport of water from saturated pumice stone to hydrating cement paste with water/cement ratio 0.3 took place in the first days after casting and covered a distance of at least 4 mm. As a consequence, the total amount of water released by the lightweight aggregates, rather than the spatial distribution of the aggregates, is in this case the crucial factor to avoid self-desiccation shrinkage at early-age. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. RP Lura, P (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM plu@byg.dtu.dk RI Kovler, Konstantin/F-7241-2011; Lange, David/J-7572-2015; OI Kovler, Konstantin/0000-0002-8227-8975; Lange, David/0000-0002-6517-711X; Lura, Pietro/0000-0002-9472-0417 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 9 BP 861 EP 868 DI 10.1617/s11527-006-9137-5 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 121IQ UT WOS:000243151700007 ER PT J AU Yakubu, AA Fogarty, MJ AF Yakubu, Abdul-Aziz Fogarty, Michael J. TI Spatially discrete metapopulation models with directional dispersal SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE age-structured model; compensatory dynamics; inshore-offshore system; larval transport; migration; overcompensatory dynamics ID AMERICAN LOBSTER; MARINE RESERVES; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; DYNAMICS; POPULATION; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; ATTRACTORS; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB We use an age-structured discrete-time metapopulation model linking two sub-populations through larval transport and directed movements of adults to study the implications of linkages among subpopulations for the stability and resilience of exploited species. Our two-habitat model, a generalization of Fogarty's inshore-offshore lobster population model, includes isolated habitats under compensatory (monotone) or overcompensatory (oscillatory) dynamics [M.J. Fogarty, Implications of migration and larval interchange in American lobster (Hoinarus americanus) stocks: spatial structure and resilience, in: G.S. Jamieson, A. Campbell (Eds.), Proc. of North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 125 (1998) 273]. Pre-migration local dynamics are selected from general classes of functions that capture the effects of competition for resources via contest (compensatory) and scramble (overcompensatory) intraspecific competitions. We explore the implications of these mechanisms on the long-term survival of exploited species. In particular, we use threshold parameters Td' for Habitat 1 and R-d(2) for Habitat 2 together with precise mathematical definitions to prove that species persistence is possible at high levels of fishing in one habitat and low to moderate levels of fishing in the other. Our results support Fogarty's conclusion that conservative management of larval source populations could contribute to the resilience of exploited species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Yakubu, AA (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM ayakubu@howard.edu; mfogarty@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 59 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 204 IS 1 BP 68 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2006.05.007 PG 34 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 111TO UT WOS:000242477900004 PM 16962615 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Iyer, Hari K. TI A generalized confidence interval for a measurand in the presence of type-A and type-B uncertainties SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology CY 2005 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE fiducial inference; ISO GUM; key comparisons; uncertainty analysis AB We consider the problem of estimating a measurand based on a sequence of measurements. Each measurement has both type-A and type-B errors. The measurements may have been obtained from a single experiment or several separate experiments. We investigate the estimation problem under two measurement models having different sets of assumptions on type-B errors. We review commonly used procedures for obtaining a confidence interval for the measurand and discuss an alternative approach based on the principle of generalized inference. We use several examples to illustrate the proposed approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 9 BP 856 EP 863 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2006.04.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 097QW UT WOS:000241464200010 ER PT J AU Zhang, NF AF Zhang, Nien Fan TI The batched moving averages of measurement data and their applications in data treatment SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology CY 2005 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE autocorrelated data; batch means; non-overlapping subgroups; sampling interval ID TIME-SERIES AB We consider the effect of using batched moving averages of measurement data. We show that for a moving average (MA) process the process formed by batched moving averages is again a moving average process but of a lower order. In particular, when the size of the moving step is sufficiently large, the new process is an MA(l) process. Applications are discussed for finding the appropriate amount of averaging such that new process formed by the hatched moving averages will resemble white noise thus permitting the statistical methodologies. A real example is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zhang@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 9 BP 864 EP 875 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2006.04.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 097QW UT WOS:000241464200011 ER PT J AU Gao, J Xue, M Lee, SY Shapiro, A Xu, Q Droegemeier, KK AF Gao, J. Xue, M. Lee, S. -Y. Shapiro, A. Xu, Q. Droegemeier, K. K. TI A three-dimensional variational single-Doppler velocity retrieval method with simple conservation equation constraint SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT-METHOD RETRIEVALS; ALTITUDE WIND FIELDS; RADAR DATA; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOVING-FRAME; PHOENIX-II; PART I; MODEL; TORNADOGENESIS AB In this paper, a new three-dimensional variational analysis scheme capable of retrieving three-dimensional winds from single Doppler observations of convective storms is developed. The method incorporates, in a single cost function, Doppler radar observations, a background field, smoothness and mass continuity constraints, and the residual of reflectivity or radial velocity conservation. By minimizing this cost function, an analysis with the desired fit to these constraints is obtained in a single procedure. In tests with both simulated and real thunderstorm cases, detailed structures of the storms are well retrieved in comparison with reference analysis. Unlike most kinematic retrieval methods, our scheme is capable of directly dealing with data voids. When an analysis background is available, say from a proximity sounding, a wind profiler, or a numerical model forecast, the method naturally blends Doppler radar observations with it. Thus, a smooth transition is obtained between data-rich and data-void areas. These features, among others, are important if the analysis is to be used to initialize storm-scale numerical models or for diagnostic studies of storm structures. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sarkeys Energy Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sarkeys Energy Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 1110,100 E Boyd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jdgao@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Tanamachi, Robin/K-6275-2012 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Tanamachi, Robin/0000-0002-5450-3012 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s00703-005-0170-7 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099RG UT WOS:000241612500002 ER PT J AU Li, X AF Li, X. TI Cloud microphysical and precipitation responses to a large-scale forcing in the tropical deep convective regime SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR; TOGA-COARE; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; CIRCULATION MODEL; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SURFACE PROCESSES AB Cloud microphysical and precipitation responses to a large-scale forcing in the tropical deep convective regime are investigated based on hourly zonally-averaged, vertically-integrated simulation data from a two-dimensional coupled ocean-cloud resolving atmosphere model. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from TOGA COARE for a 50-day period. The accretion of cloud water by graupel induces growth of graupel that enhances raindrops through its melting during a weak-forcing period, whereas the large deposition rate of vapor associated with a large upper-tropospheric upward motion causes growth of snow from the conversion of cloud ice and enhancement of graupel from the accretion of snow during a strong-forcing period. The local changes of raindrops and graupel switch from the negative to positive values as the forcing strengthens in the weak-forcing case, whereas the variations of cloud hydrometeors are not sensitive to the strength of the forcing in the strong-forcing case. Phase analysis indicates that cloud water leads the surface rain rate by 1 hour. The surface rain rate can be calculated based on the conservation of vapor and cloud hydrometeors and the budget of raindrops. The vapor source and local changes of cloud hydrometeors could have impacts in the calculation of the surface rain rate. The vapor source determines the surface rain rate in the strong-forcing case whereas the cloud variations could become important in the weak-forcing case. In the budget of raindrops, the sum of the collection of cloud water by raindrops, the melting of graupel, and the evaporation of raindrops determines the surface rain rate in the strong-forcing case whereas the other rain-related microphysical processes become important in the weak-forcing case. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 703, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofan.Li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s00703-005-0172-5 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099RG UT WOS:000241612500006 ER PT J AU Nosenko, T Lidie, KL Van Dolah, FM Lindquist, E Cheng, JF Bhattacharya, D AF Nosenko, Tetyana Lidie, Kristy L. Van Dolah, Frances M. Lindquist, Erika Cheng, Jan-Fang Bhattacharya, Debashish CA US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst TI Chimeric plastid proteome in the florida "red tide" dinoflagellate Karenia brevis SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic gene transfer; Karenia brevis; proteome; red tide ID LATERAL GENE-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NUCLEAR GENOMES; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE; ORIGIN; ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA AB Current understanding of the plastid proteome comes almost exclusively from studies of plants and red algae. The proteome in these taxa has a relatively simple origin via integration of proteins from a single cyanobacterial primary endosymbiont and the host. However, the most successful algae in marine environments are the chlorophyll c-containing chromalveolates such as diatoms and dinoflagellates that contain a plastid of red algal origin derived via secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis. Virtually nothing is known about the plastid proteome in these taxa. We analyzed expressed sequence tag data from the toxic "Florida red tide" dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that has undergone a tertiary plastid endosymbiosis. Comparative analyses identified 30 nuclear-encoded plastid-targeted proteins in this chromalveolate that originated via endosymbiotic or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from multiple different sources. We identify a fundamental divide between plant/red algal and chromalveolate plastid proteomes that reflects a history of mixotrophy in the latter group resulting in a highly chimeric proteome. Loss of phagocytosis in the "red" and "green" clades effectively froze their proteomes, whereas chromalveolate lineages retain the ability to engulf prey allowing them to continually recruit new, potentially adaptive genes through subsequent endosymbioses and HGT. One of these genes is an electron transfer protein (plastocyanin) of green algal origin in K. brevis that likely allows this species to thrive under conditions of iron depletion. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Genom, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nosenko, T (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Genom, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM debashi-bhattacharya@uiowa.edu NR 73 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2026 EP 2038 DI 10.1093/molbev/msl074 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 092KF UT WOS:000241094700006 PM 16877498 ER PT J AU Carlini, DB Kunkle, LK Vecchione, M AF Carlini, David B. Kunkle, Lynde K. Vecchione, Michael TI A molecular systematic evaluation of the squid genus Illex (Cephalopoda : Ommastrephidae) in the North Atlantic ocean and Mediterranean Sea SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AMPLIFICATION; MOLLUSCA C1 American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Carlini, DB (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Biol, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM carlini@american.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 496 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 097PI UT WOS:000241460000020 PM 16782358 ER PT J AU Corbosiero, KL Molinari, J Aiyyer, AR Black, ML AF Corbosiero, Kristen L. Molinari, John Aiyyer, Anantha R. Black, Michael L. TI The structure and evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part II: Convective Asymmetries and evidence for vortex Rossby waves SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; VERTICAL SHEAR; SPIRAL BANDS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; INTENSITY CHANGES; DOPPLER RADAR; MODEL; EYE; INTENSIFICATION; EYEWALL AB A portable data recorder attached to the Weather Surveillance Radar-1957 (WSR-57) in Apalachicola, Florida. collected 313 radar scans of the reflectivity structure within 150 km of the center of Hurricane Elena (in 1985) between 1310 and 2130 UTC 1 September. This high temporal and spatial (750 m) resolution dataset was used to examine the evolution of the symmetric and asymmetric precipitation structure in Elena as the storm rapidly strengthened and attained maximum intensity. Fourier decomposition of the reflectivity data into azimuthal wavenumbers revealed that the power in the symmetric (wavenumber 0) component dominated the reflectivity pattern at all times and all radii by at least a factor of 2. The wavenumber I asymmetry accounted for less than 20% of the power in the reflectivity field on average and was found to be forced by the environmental vertical wind shear. The small-amplitude wavenumber 2 asymmetry in the core was associated with the appearance and rotation of an elliptical eyewall. This structure was visible for nearly 2 h and was noted to rotate cyclonically at a speed equal to half of the local tangential wind. Outside of the eyewall, individual peaks in the power in wavenumber 2 were associated with repeated instances of cyclonically rotating, outward-propagating inner spiral rainbands. Four separate convective bands were identified with an average azimuthal velocity of 25 m s(-1), or similar to 68% of the local tangential wind speed, and an outward radial velocity of 5.2 m s(-1). The azimuthal propagation speeds of the elliptical eyewall and inner spiral rainbands were consistent with vortex Rossby wave theory. The elliptical eve wall and inner spiral rainbands were seen only in the 6-h period prior to peak intensity, when rapid spinup of the vortex had produced an annular vorticity profile, similar to those that have been shown to support barotropic instability. The appearance of an elliptical eyewall was consistent with the breakdown of eyewall vorticity into mesovortices, asymmetric mixing between the eye and eyewall, and a slowing of the intensification rate. The inner spiral rainbands might have arisen from high eyewall vorticity ejected from the core during the mixing process. Alternatively, because the bands were noted to emanate from the vertical shear-forced deep convection in the northern eyewall, they could have formed through the axisymmetrization of the asymmetric diabatically generated eyewall vorticity. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Corbosiero, KL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM corbosie@ucar.edu RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014; OI Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888; Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X NR 47 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3073 EP 3091 DI 10.1175/MWR3250.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600003 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Gilmore, MS Mansell, ER Wicker, LJ Straka, JM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Gilmore, Matthew S. Mansell, Edward R. Wicker, Louis J. Straka, Jerry M. TI Electrification and lightning in an idealized boundary-crossing supercell simulation of 2 June 1995 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE CHARGES; TORNADIC STORM; ICE CRYSTALS; CLOUD MODEL; COLLISIONS; MECHANISM AB A nonhydrostatic cloud model with electrification and lightning processes was utilized to investigate how simulated supercell thunderstorms respond when they move into environments favorable for storm intensification. One model simulation was initialized with an idealized horizontally varying environment, characteristic of that observed across an outflow boundary in the west Texas Panhandle on 2 June 1995 with larger convective available potential energy (CAPE) and wind shear on the boundary's cool side. That simulation was compared with a control simulation initialized without the boundary. The simulated right-moving supercell rapidly increased in updraft strength and volume, low-level rotation, radar reflectivity, and 40-dBZ echo-top height as it crossed the boundary, whereas the supercell that did not cross the boundary failed to intensify. For the same kinematic and microphysical evolution and the same inductive charging parameterization, four noninductive (NI) charging parameterizations were tested. In all four cases, there was a general tendency for the charge regions to be lofted higher within the updraft after crossing the boundary. Once the precipitation regions between the main storm and a secondary storm started merging farther on the cool side of the boundary, a gradual deepening and strengthening of the lowest charge regions occurred with relatively large increases in hail and graupel volume, charging rates, charge volume, charge density. and intracloud and cloud-to-ground (CG) flash rates. The negative charge present on graupel within the downdraft appeared to have a common origin via strong NI charging within the midlevel updraft in all four NI cases. Positive channels were more consistent in coming closer to the ground with time compared to negative channels within this graupel and hail-filled downdraft (four of four cases). Those NI schemes that also set up a positive dipole (three of four cases) or inverted tripole (two of four cases) above the downdraft had downward-propagating positive channels that reached ground as positive CG (+CG) flashes. The best overall performance relative to the 2 June 1995 CG lightning observations occurred within one of the rime-accretion-rate-based schemes and the Gardiner scheme as parameterized by Ziegler. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gilmore, MS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gilmore@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3149 EP 3172 DI 10.1175/MWR3231.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600007 ER PT J AU Sutton, C Hamill, TM Warner, TT AF Sutton, Christian Hamill, Thomas M. Warner, Thomas T. TI Will perturbing soil moisture improve warm-season ensemble forecasts? A proof of concept SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; BIOSPHERE MODEL AB Current generation short-range ensemble forecast members tend to be unduly similar to each other, especially for components such as surface temperature and precipitation. One possible cause of this is a lack of perturbations to the land surface state. In this experiment, a two-member ensemble of the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (ARW) was run from two different soil moisture analyses. One-day forecasts were conducted for six warm-season cases over the central United States with moderate soil moistures, both with explicit convection at 5-km grid spacing and with parameterized convection at 20-km grid spacing. Since changing the convective parameterization has previously been demonstrated to cause significant differences between ensemble forecast members, 20-km simulations were also conducted that were initialized with the same soil moisture but that used two different convective parameterizations as a reference. At 5 km, the forecast differences due to changing the soil moisture were comparable to the differences in 20-km simulations with the same soil moisture but with a different convective parameterization. The differences of 20-km simulations from different soil moistures were occasionally large but typically smaller than the differences from changing the convective parameterization. Thus, perturbing the state of the land surface for this version of WRF/ARW was judged to be likely to increase the spread of warm-season operational short-range ensemble forecasts of precipitation and surface temperature when soil moistures are moderate in value, especially if the ensemble is comprised of high-resolution members with explicit convection. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3174 EP 3189 DI 10.1175/MWR3248.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600008 ER PT J AU Chen, SYS Knaff, JA Marks, FD AF Chen, Shuyi S. Knaff, John A. Marks, Frank D., Jr. TI Effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries deduced from TRMM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY PREDICTION SCHEME; NORTH PACIFIC; INNER-CORE; HURRICANE; EVOLUTION; VORTICES; ATLANTIC; FLOW; INTENSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION AB Vertical wind shear and storm motion are two of the most important factors contributing to rainfall asymmetries in tropical cyclones (TCs). Global TC rainfall structure, in terms of azimuthal distribution and asymmetries relative to storm motion, has been previously described using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager rainfall estimates. The mean TC rainfall distribution and the wavenumber-1 asymmetry vary with storm intensity and geographical location among the six oceanic basins. This study uses a similar approach to investigate the relationship between the structure of TC rainfall and the environmental flow by computing the rainfall asymmetry relative to the vertical wind shear. The environmental vertical wind shear is defined as the difference between the mean wind vectors of the 200- and 850-hPa levels over an outer region extending from the radius of 200-800 km around the storm center. The wavenumber-1 maximum rainfall asymmetry is downshear left (right) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The rainfall asymmetry decreases (increases) with storm intensity (shear strength). The rainfall asymmetry maximum is predominantly downshear left for shear values >7.5 m s(-1). Large asymmetries are usually observed away from the TC centers. As TC intensity increases, the asymmetry maximum shifts upwind to the left. The analysis is further extended to examine the storm motion and the vertical wind shear and their collective effects on TC rainfall asymmetries. It is found that the vertical wind shear is a dominant factor for the rainfall asymmetry when shear is >5 m s(-1). The storm motion-relative rainfall asymmetry in the outer rainband region is comparable to that of shear relative when the shear is <5 m s(-1), suggesting that TC translation speed becomes an important factor in the low shear environment. The overall TC rainfall asymmetry depends on the juxtaposition and relative magnitude of the storm motion and environmental shear vectors in all oceanic basins. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chen, SYS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM schen@rsmas.miami.edu RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 38 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3190 EP 3208 DI 10.1175/MWR3245.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600009 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts based on reforecast analogs: Theory and application SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; IMPLEMENTATION; REANALYSIS; REFINEMENT; DATABASES; FUTURE; IFPS AB A general theory is proposed for the statistical correction of weather forecasts based on observed analogs. An estimate is sought for the probability density function (pdf) of the observed state, given today's numerical forecast. Assume that an infinite set of reforecasts (hindcasts) and associated observations are available and that the climate is stable. Assume that it is possible to find a set of past model forecast states that are nearly identical to the current forecast state. With the dates of these past forecasts, the asymptoticallv correct probabilistic forecast can be formed from the distribution of observed states on those dates. Unfortunately, this general theory of analogs is not useful for estimating the global pdf with a limited set of reforecasts. for the chance of finding even one effectively identical forecast analog in that limited set is vanishingly small, and the climate is not stable. Nonetheless, approximations can be made to this theory to make it useful for statistically correcting weather forecasts. For instance, when estimating the state in a local region. choose the dates of analogs based on a pattern match of the local weather forecast; with a few decades of reforecasts, there are usually many close analogs. Several approximate analog techniques are then tested for their ability to skillfully calibrate probabilistic forecasts of 24-h precipitation amount. A 25-yr set of reforecasts from a reduced-resolution global forecast model is used. The analog techniques find past ensemble-mean forecasts in a local region that are similar to today's ensemble-mean forecasts in that region. Probabilistic forecasts are formed from the analyzed weather on the dates of the past analogs. All of the analog techniques provide dramatic improvements in the Brier skill score relative to basing probabilities on the raw ensemble counts or the counts corrected for bias. However, the analog techniques did not produce guidance that was much more skillful than that produced by a logistic regression technique. Among the analog techniques tested, it was determined that small improvements to the baseline analog technique that matches ensemble-mean precipitation forecasts are possible. Forecast skill can be improved slightly by matching the ranks of the mean forecasts rather than the raw mean forecasts by using highly localized search regions for shorter-term forecasts and larger search regions for longer forecasts, by matching precipitable water in addition to precipitation amount, and by spatially smoothing the probabilities. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3209 EP 3229 DI 10.1175/MWR3237.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600010 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Kuo, YH Barker, D Rizvi, SRH AF Cucurull, L. Kuo, Y. -H. Barker, D. Rizvi, S. R. H. TI Assessing the impact of simulated COSMIC GPS radio occultation data on weather analysis over the antarctic: A case study SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERE; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION; VALIDATION; CYCLONE; ADJOINT; FILTER; MODEL AB The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission was launched in April 2006. As part of its mission, COSMIC will provide approximately 2500-3000 global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) soundings per day distributed uniformly around the globe. In this study, a series of sensitivity experiments are conducted to assess the potential impact of COSMIC GPS RO data on the regional weather analysis over the Antarctic. Soundings of refractivity are assimilated into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model using its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. First, the sensitivity of the analysis to the background error statistics and balance constraints is analyzed. Then the effects of the data distribution and the observational error of the simulated refractivity observations are examined. In this study, the simulated soundings are based on a realistic set of orbit parameters of the COSMIC constellation. Analysis of the assimilation results indicates the significant potential impact of COSMIC data on regional analyses over the Antarctic. In the one case studied here, the root-mean-square differences between the background and observed values are reduced by 12% in the horizontal wind component, 17% in the temperature variable, 8% in the specific humidity, and 22% in the pressure field when COSMIC GPS RO data are assimilated into the system by using a 6-h assimilation time window. These preliminary results suggest that COSMIC GPS RO data can have a significant impact on operational numerical weather analysis in the Antarctic. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC Project, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, W-NP2,Rm 207,5200 Auth Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM cucurull@ucar.edu RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3283 EP 3296 DI 10.1175/MWR3241.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600014 ER PT J AU Elmore, KL Schultz, DM Baldwin, ME AF Elmore, Kimberly L. Schultz, David M. Baldwin, Michael E. TI The Behavior of synoptic-scale errors in the Eta Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; FORECASTS AB A previous study of the mean spatial bias errors associated with operational forecast models motivated an examination of the mechanisms responsible for these biases. One hypothesis for the cause of these errors is that mobile synoptic-scale phenomena are partially responsible. This paper explores this hypothesis using 24-h forecasts from the operational Eta Model and an experimental version of the Eta run with Kain-Fritsch convection (EtaKF). For a sample of 44 well-defined upper-level short-wave troughs arriving on the west coast of the United States, 70% were underforecast (as measured by the 500-hPa geopotential height), a likely result of being undersampled by the observational network. For a different sample of 45 troughs that could be tracked easily across the country, consecutive model runs showed that the height errors associated with 44% of the troughs generally decreased in time, 11% increased in time, 18% had relatively steady errors, 2% were uninitialized entering the West Coast, and 24% exhibited some other kind of behavior. Thus, landfalling short-wave troughs were typically underforecast (positive errors, heights too high), but these errors tended to decrease as they moved across the United States, likely a result of being better initialized as the troughs became influenced by more upper-air data. Nevertheless, some errors in short-wave troughs were not corrected as they fell under the influence of supposedly increased data amount and quality. These results indirectly show the effect that the amount and quality of observational data has on the synoptic-scale errors in the models. On the other hand, long-wave ridges tended to be underforecast (negative errors, heights too low) over a much larger horizontal extent. These results are confirmed in a more systematic manner over the entire dataset by segregating the model output at each grid point by the sign of the 500-hPa relative vorticity. Although errors at grid points with positive relative vorticity are small but positive in the western United States, the errors become large and negative farther east. Errors at grid points with negative relative vorticity, on the other hand, are generally negative across the United States. A large negative bias observed in the Eta and EtaKF over the southeast United States is believed to be due to an error in the longwave radiation scheme interacting with water vapor and clouds. This study shows that model errors may be related to the synoptic-scale flow, and even large-scale features such as long-wave troughs can be associated with significant large-scale height errors. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, FRDD, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, FRDD, Room 4360,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3355 EP 3366 DI 10.1175/MWR3238.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600018 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Stensrud, DJ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Stensrud, David J. TI Prediction of near-surface variables at independent locations from a bias-corrected ensemble forecasting system SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NEW-ENGLAND; TEMPERATURE; MESOSCALE; TERRAIN; MODEL AB The ability of a multimodel short-range bias-corrected ensemble (BCE) forecasting system, created as part of NOAA's New England High Resolution Temperature Program during the summer of 2004, to obtain accurate predictions of near-surface variables at independent locations within the model domain is explored. The original BCE approach produces bias-corrected forecasts only at National Weather Service (NWS) observing surface station locations. To extend this approach to obtain bias-corrected forecasts at any given location, an extended BCE technique is developed and applied to the independent observations provided by the Oklahoma Mesonet. First, a Cressman weighting scheme is used to interpolate the bias values of 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint temperature, and 10-m wind speeds calculated from the original BCE approach at the NWS observation station locations to the Oklahoma Mesonet locations. These bias values are then added to the raw numerical model forecasts bilinearly interpolated to this same specified location. This process is done for each forecast member within the ensemble and at each forecast time. It is found that the performance of the extended BCE is very competitive with the original BCE approach across the state of Oklahoma. Therefore, a simple postprocessing scheme like the extended BCE system can be used as part of an operational forecasting system to provide reasonably accurate predictions of near-surface variables at any location within the model domain. C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, FRDD,Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, FRDD,Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3415 EP 3424 DI 10.1175/MWR3258.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109EV UT WOS:000242291600022 ER PT J AU Levin, ED Pang, WG Harrison, J Williams, P Petro, A Ramsdell, JS AF Levin, Edward D. Pang, Wyki Gina Harrison, Jerry Williams, Paul Petro, Ann Ramsdell, John S. TI Persistent neurobehavioral effects of early postnatal domoic acid exposure in rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; neonatal; learning; memory; locomotor activity; radial-arm maze ID KAINIC ACID; NEONATAL-RATS; BINDING-SITES; HIGH-AFFINITY; KAINATE; BRAIN; RECEPTORS; AGONISTS; MODEL; NEUROGENESIS AB Domoic acid (DA) is a marine biotoxin, produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzchia spp., which has been shown to cause cognitive impairment in adults who are exposed via contaminated seafood. The neurobehavioral consequences of developmental exposure are much less well understood. In a previous study, we showed that a single prenatal exposure to DA in rats at mid-gestation caused neurobehavioral changes that persist into adulthood including increased susceptibility to the benchmark amnestic drug scopolamine. In the current study, we examined the lasting neurobehavioral consequences of DA exposure on the first day of postnatal life, a time in rats marking the completion of the major phase of neuroproliferation and corresponding to week 24 of human gestation. The effects of DA exposure at doses from 0.025-0.1 mg/kg (s.c.) twice per day on each of postnatal days I and 2 were compared with vehicle-treated controls and rats treated by the same protocol with I mg/kg of kainic acid. Following kainic acid exposure, a sex-selective effect was seen with females but not males showing a significant slowing of response latency in the radial-arm maze. The high DA dose of 0.1 mg/kg was quite toxic causing lethality in all of the offspring exposed and this group was excluded from further analysis. When the offspring in the 0.05 mg/kg DA dose group were tested, significant hypoactivity in the Figure-8 maze was observed during adolescence. No significant DA effects were seen in response latency or choice accuracy on the radial-arm maze during either acquisition or with challenge of the amnestic drug scopolamine. Early postnatal DA exposure in the rat can be lethal and sublethal exposure can cause neurobehavioral effects manifest in modest hypoactivity during the adolescent period. However, the sublethal persistent neurobehavioral toxicity appears to be less pervasive than reported effects following DA administered mid-gestation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. RP Levin, ED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM edlevin@duke.edu NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.08.005 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 121OY UT WOS:000243168100005 PM 17046199 ER PT J AU Cole, JG Gallaway, BJ Martin, LR Nance, JM Longnecker, M AF Cole, John G. Gallaway, Benny J. Martin, Larry R. Nance, James M. Longnecker, Michael TI Spatial allocation of shrimp catch based on fishing effort: Adjusting for the effects of the Texas opening SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC LOGBOOK; FISHERY AB Estimates of fishing effort for the Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp fishery depend on the ability of National Marine Fisheries Service port agents to accurately assign fractional catches within a fishing trip to 5-fathom-depth bins within 21 Gulf of Mexico statistical areas. In previous studies. we showed that the method used for assigning landings was inaccurate and developed an algorithm for assigning landings based up observer and captain's logbook data on fishing effort and catch. The resulting algorithm explained over 92% of the variance in actual catch. Results of regression analyses of new observer data collected for over 7,700 tows confirm that the algorithm provides reliable estimates of fractional catches associated with the different subareas fished within a trip (adjusted r(2) = 0. 96 when I I outliers are removed front 1,845 observations). Nine of the I I outliers occurred within a month of the Texas opening, a period when catches are initially high but then decay rapidly. Here. we have incorporated this decay as part of the allocation algorithm for this period. The agreement of expected and actual shrimp catch declined slightly from the regression with outliers removed (adjusted r(2) = 0.95). Nevertheless, we suggest that data front this period should be modeled separately to better evaluate the consequences of management actions that might be taken during the Texas opening time frame. C1 LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, Btyan, TX 77801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cole, JG (reprint author), LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, 1410 Cavitt St, Btyan, TX 77801 USA. EM cole@lgl.com NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.1577/M05-182.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 119JR UT WOS:000243009100001 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Legault, CM Beland, KF Trial, J Millard, MJ AF Sweka, John A. Legault, Christopher M. Beland, Kenneth F. Trial, Joan Millard, Michael J. TI Evaluation of removal sampling for basinwide assessment of Atlantic salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STREAMS; SIZE AB Removal estimators for stream fish abundance are widely used but can result in biased population estimates at the site level. We conducted computer simulations to examine how the Carle and Strub (1978) estimator, coupled with variation in catchability, influences the accuracy of population estimates at the site level. Site-level population estimates were then used to examine what effect potential bias in the population estimate at a site had on basinwide abundance estimates. Historic electrofishing data collected from Atlantic salmon Salmo solar in the Narraguagus River, Maine, were used as the baseline for construction of these simulations. At the site level, mean percent bias of population estimates was -23% when catchability was low (0.30-0.40) and when the true population was low (1-20 fish). Bias was reduced as the true population size increased and catchability increased. The negative bias at the site level affected total population estimates for the entire river basin. Under current sampling methodology in the Narraguagus River, basinwide population estimates are probably 11-17% lower than the true population. Confidence intervals (95%) would be expected to cover the true population between 65% and 79% of the time. Increasing the amount of sampling had little effect on the negative bias of basinwide population estimates but did reduce the error around the estimate, as expected. These results should serve as a reference point for gauging the effectiveness of current sampling efforts in providing reliable estimates of Atlantic salmon parr in the Narraguagus River. The methodology employed by this simulation study can also be applied to other Atlantic salmon rivers to evaluate current sampling programs. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Maine Atlantic Salmon Commiss, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75,308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM John_Sweka@fws.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1002 DI 10.1577/M05-079.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 119JR UT WOS:000243009100025 ER PT J AU Chen, LS Hall, JL Ye, J Yang, T Zang, EJ Li, TC AF Chen, Lisheng Hall, John L. Ye, Jun Yang, Tao Zang, Erjun Li, Tianchu TI Vibration-induced elastic deformation of Fabry-Perot cavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND LASER; HERTZ-LEVEL; YAG LASER; STABILIZATION; TRANSITION; SYSTEM; CLOCK; PHASE; HG-199(+) AB We perform a detailed numerical analysis of Fabry-Perot cavities used for state-of-the-art laser stabilization. Elastic deformation of Fabry-Perot cavities with various shapes and mounting methods is quantitatively analyzed using finite-element analysis. We show that with a suitable choice of mounting schemes it is feasible to minimize the susceptibility of the resonator length to vibrational perturbations. This investigation offers detailed information on stable optical cavities that may benefit the development of ultrastable optical local oscillators in optical atomic clocks and precision measurements probing the fundamental laws of physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Metrol, Quantum Div, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Chen, LS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. EM lchen@wipm.ac.cn; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 47 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053801 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900142 ER PT J AU Clade, P de Mirandes, E Cadoret, M Guellati-Khelifa, S Schwob, C Nez, F Julien, L Biraben, F AF Clade, Pierre de Mirandes, Estefania Cadoret, Malo Guellati-Khelifa, Saida Schwob, Catherine Nez, Francois Julien, Lucile Biraben, Francois TI Precise measurement of h/m(Rb) using Bloch oscillations in a vertical optical lattice: Determination of the fine-structure constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOM INTERFEROMETRY; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; RYDBERG CONSTANT; HYDROGEN; TRANSITION; PARTICLES; DEUTERIUM; SHIFTS; LIMIT; TRAP AB Bloch oscillations in a frequency-chirped optical lattice are a powerful tool to transfer coherently many photon momenta to atoms. We have used this method to measure accurately the ratio h/m(Rb). In this paper we detail the experimental procedure and we present a complete analysis of the different systematic effects. They yield a global relative uncertainty of 13 parts per 10(9) (ppb). The measured value of h/m(Rb) is 4.591 359 29 (6)x10(-9) m(2) s(-1). The deduced value of the fine-structure constant is alpha(-1)=137.035 998 84 (91) with a relative uncertainty of 6.7 ppb. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, INM, F-93210 La Plaine St Denis, France. RP Clade, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8424, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 42 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 052109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.052109 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900025 ER PT J AU Guzman, JS Wojciechowski, A Stalnaker, JE Tsigutkin, K Yashchuk, VV Budker, D AF Guzman, J. S. Wojciechowski, A. Stalnaker, J. E. Tsigutkin, K. Yashchuk, V. V. Budker, D. TI Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation and Zeeman and hyperfine relaxation of potassium atoms in a paraffin-coated cell SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOMETRY AB Nonlinear magneto-optical Faraday rotation (NMOR) on the potassium D1 and D2 lines was used to study Zeeman relaxation rates in an antirelaxation paraffin-coated 3-cm-diameter potassium vapor cell. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation rates of gamma(NMOR)/2 pi=2.0(6) Hz were observed. The relatively small hyperfine intervals in potassium lead to significant differences in NMOR in potassium compared to rubidium and cesium. Using laser optical pumping, widths and frequency shifts were also determined for transitions between ground-state hyperfine sublevels of K-39 atoms contained in the same paraffin-coated cell. The intrinsic hyperfine relaxation rate of gamma(hf)(expt)/2 pi=10.6(7) Hz and a shift of -9.1(2) Hz were observed. These results show that adiabatic relaxation gives only a small contribution to the overall hyperfine relaxation in the case of potassium, and the relaxation is dominated by other mechanisms similar to those observed in previous studies with rubidium. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Ctr Badan Magnetoopt, Inst Fiz M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guzman, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM budker@berkeley.edu RI Wojciechowski, Adam/F-8434-2011; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Wojciechowski, Adam/0000-0003-1805-6718; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053415 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900110 ER PT J AU Iigaya, K Konabe, S Danshita, I Nikuni, T AF Iigaya, Kiyohito Konabe, Satoru Danshita, Ippei Nikuni, Tetsuro TI Landau damping: Instability mechanism of superfluid Bose gases moving in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FINITE TEMPERATURES; LIQUID-HELIUM; EXCITATIONS; DYNAMICS AB We investigate Landau damping of Bogoliubov excitations in a dilute Bose gas moving in an optical lattice at finite temperatures. Using a one-dimensional tight-binding model, we explicitly obtain the Landau damping rate, the sign of which determines the stability of the condensate. We find that the sign changes at a certain condensate velocity, which is exactly the same as the critical velocity determined by the Landau criterion of superfluidity. This coincidence of the critical velocities reveals the microscopic mechanism of the Landau instability. This instability mechanism shows that a thermal cloud plays a crucial role in the breakdown of superfluids, since the thermal cloud is a vital source of Landau damping. We also examine the possibility of simultaneous disappearance of all damping processes. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iigaya, K (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM iigaya@kh.phys.waseda.ac.jp RI Konabe, Satoru/F-7029-2010 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053611 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900126 ER PT J AU Kadio, D Band, YB AF Kadio, D. Band, Y. B. TI Analysis of a magnetically trapped atom clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLLISION FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; PROJECTION NOISE; BOSE; CHIP; RB-87; SEPARATION; SCATTERING; COHERENCE; STABILITY; FOUNTAIN AB We consider optimization of a rubidium atom clock that uses magnetically trapped Bose condensed atoms in a highly elongated trap, and determine the optimal conditions for minimum Allan variance of the clock using microwave Ramsey fringe spectroscopy. Elimination of magnetic field shifts and collisional shifts are considered. The effects of spin-dipolar relaxation are addressed in the optimization of the clock. We find that for the interstate interaction strength equal to or larger than the intrastate interaction strengths, a modulational instability results in phase separation and symmetry breaking of the two-component condensate composed of the ground and excited hyperfine clock levels, and this mechanism limits the clock accuracy. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem & Electroopt, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Nanosci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kadio, D (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem & Electroopt, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053609 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900124 ER PT J AU Tasgal, RS Menabde, G Band, YB AF Tasgal, Richard S. Menabde, G. Band, Y. B. TI Molecule condensate production from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate via Feshbach scattering in an optical lattice: Gap solitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKETS; FERMI GAS; RESONANCES; CREATION; MEDIA AB We propose a scheme for making a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules from a BEC of atoms in a strongly confining two-dimensional optical lattice and a weak one-dimensional optical lattice in the third dimension. The stable solutions obtained for the order parameters take the form of a different type of gap soliton, with both atomic and molecular BECs, and also standard gap solitons with only a molecular BEC. The strongly confining dimensions of the lattice stabilize the BEC against inelastic energy transfer in atom-molecule collisions. The solitons with atoms and molecules may be obtained by starting with an atomic BEC, and gradually tuning the resonance by changing the external magnetic-field strength until the desired atom-molecule soliton is obtained. A gap soliton of a BEC of only molecules may be obtained nonadiabatically by starting from an atom-only gap soliton, far from a Feshbach resonance and adjusting the magnetic field to near Feshbach resonance. After a period of time in which the dimer field grows, change the magnetic field such that the detuning is large and negative and Feshbach effects wash out, turn off the optical lattice in phase with the atomic BEC, and turn on an optical lattice in phase with the molecules. The atoms disperse, leaving a gap soliton composed of a molecular BEC. Regarding instabilities in the dimension of the weak optical lattice, the solitons which are comprised of both atoms and molecules are sometimes stable and sometimes unstable-we present numerically obtained results. Gap solitons comprised of only molecules have the same stability properties as the standard gap solitons: stable from frequencies slightly below the middle of the band gap to the top, and unstable below that point. Instabilities are only weakly affected by the soliton velocities, and all instabilities are oscillatory. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept electroopt, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tasgal, RS (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053613 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900128 ER PT J AU Bowman, RC Adolphi, NL Hwang, SJ Kulleck, JG Udovic, TJ Huang, Q Wu, H AF Bowman, R. C., Jr. Adolphi, Natalie L. Hwang, Son-Jong Kulleck, J. G. Udovic, T. J. Huang, Q. Wu, H. TI Deuterium site occupancy and phase boundaries in ZrNiDx (0.87 <= x <= 3.0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SORPTION CRYOCOOLERS; SPACE APPLICATIONS; LEAD NITRATE; H SYSTEM; HYDROGEN; HYDRIDE; OCCUPATION AB ZrNiDx samples with compositions between x=0.87 and x=3.0 were investigated by H-2 magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS-NMR), powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS), and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). The rigid-lattice MAS-NMR spectrum for a ZrNiD0.88 sample in the triclinic beta phase shows a single phase with two well-resolved resonances at +11.5 and -1.7 ppm, indicating that two inequivalent D sites are occupied, as was observed previously in ZrNiD1.0. For ZrNiD0.88, the ratio of spectral intensities of the two lines is 1:0.76, indicating that the D site corresponding to the +11.5 ppm line has the lower site energy and is fully occupied. Similarly, the neutron vibrational spectra for ZrNiD0.88 clearly confirm that at least two sites are occupied. For ZrNiD1.0, XRD indicates that similar to 5% of the metal atoms are in the gamma phase, corresponding to an upper composition for the beta phase of x=0.90 +/- 0.04, consistent with the MAS-NMR and neutron vibrational spectra indicating that x=0.88 is single phase. The MAS-NMR and NVS of ZrNiD1.87 indicate a mixed-phase sample (beta+gamma) and clearly show that the two inequivalent sites observed at x=0.88 cannot be attributed to the sites normally occupied in the gamma phase. For ZrNiD2.75, NPD results indicate a gamma-phase boundary of x=2.86 +/- 0.03 at 300 K, increasing to 2.93 +/- 0.02 at 180 K and below, in general agreement with the phase boundary estimated from the NVS and MAS-NMR spectra of ZrNiD1.87. Rigid-lattice H-2 MAS-NMR spectra of ZrNiD2.75 and ZrNiD2.99 show a ratio of spectral intensities of 1.8 +/- 0.1:1 and 2.1 +/- 0.1:1 (Zr3Ni:Zr3Ni2), respectively, indicating complete occupancy of the lower-energy Zr3Ni2 site, consistent with the NPD results. For each composition, the correlation time for deuterium hopping was determined at the temperature where resolved peaks in the MAS-NMR spectrum coalesce due to motion between inequivalent D sites. The measured correlation times are consistent with previously determined motional parameters for ZrNiHx. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bowman, RC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 184109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.184109 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100020 ER PT J AU Diaz, JG Zielinski, M Jaskolski, W Bryant, GW AF Diaz, J. G. Zielinski, M. Jaskolski, W. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Tight-binding theory of ZnS/CdS nanoscale heterostructures: Role of strain and d orbitals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOT QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CDS NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; ZNS PARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTALLITES; CDS/HGS/CDS; PARAMETERS; DEPENDENCE AB The electronic and optical properties of colloidal multishell ZnS/CdS nanoscale heterostructures have been studied in the framework of empirical tight-binding models. Our approach takes into account the effects of the strain caused by the large lattice mismatch at the interface between the two materials. We show that the inclusion of d orbitals into a minimal basis set is necessary to provide a correct description of the ZnS and CdS clads that are only a few monolayers (MLs) thick. The role of strain is also important. Strain shifts of the electron energy levels are highly dependent on the thickness of the core and shell materials. The effects of strain in the valence band are more complex. In CdS/ZnS structures, strain can change the symmetry of the ground hole state. In ZnS/CdS systems, strain lowers the energy of the ground hole state of P symmetry with respect to the first S symmetry state. Lattice relaxation also redistributes the charge densities of electron and hole states. The predicted absorption onsets resulting from our model are in good agreement with the experimental data and in better agreement with data than previous theories without strain and d orbitals. C1 Inst Fizyki UMK, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Diaz, JG (reprint author), Inst Fizyki UMK, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Zielinski, Michal/C-2587-2013; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014 OI Zielinski, Michal/0000-0002-7239-2504; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 20 AR 205309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.205309 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VM UT WOS:000242409400053 ER PT J AU Jaskolski, W Zielinski, M Bryant, GW Aizpurua, J AF Jaskolski, W. Zielinski, M. Bryant, Garnett W. Aizpurua, J. TI Strain effects on the electronic structure of strongly coupled self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots: Tight-binding approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; STATES AB We present an atomistic tight-binding study of the electronic structure and optical properties of vertically stacked, double, self-assembled, InAs/GaAs quantum dots. The investigated dots are lens-shaped and are situated on wetting layers. We study coupling and strain effects for closely spaced dots. For intermediate separation distances between the dots, the tight-binding theory confirms the effect of strain-induced localization of the ground hole state in the lower dot, as predicted in other approaches. However, the tight-binding calculations predict weaker localization at large separation distances and no localization for closely spaced and overlapping dots, which have not been investigated so far. An anomalous reversal of the bonding character of the ground hole state for large separation distances, found previously by us for unstrained systems, is present also for strained dots. We also show that in double quantum dots there may exist bound and localized electron and hole states with energies above the edge of the wetting layer continuum. The calculated redshift of the lowest optical transition for decreasing distance between the interacting dots agrees qualitatively with experimental data. C1 Inst Fiz UMK, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Jaskolski, W (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Zielinski, Michal/C-2587-2013 OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Zielinski, Michal/0000-0002-7239-2504 NR 47 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 19 AR 195339 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195339 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VK UT WOS:000242409200115 ER PT J AU Yamaura, K Huang, Q Akaishi, M Takayama-Muromachi, E AF Yamaura, K. Huang, Q. Akaishi, M. Takayama-Muromachi, E. TI Superconductivity in the hexagonal-layered molybdenum carbide eta-Mo3C2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHORT COHERENCE LENGTH; TEMPERATURE; BORIDE; LIQUID; SPIN AB The hexagonal-layered superconductor eta-Mo3C2 (T-c=8.5 K) was investigated by neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and specific-heat measurements. A significant layered character was found in the structure, which comprises edge-sharing CMo6 octahedra sheets and similar to 50% carbon occupied blocks. Magnetic characterization revealed the Ginzburg-Landau parameter of eta-Mo3C2 is similar to 26, which is close to that for the comparable T-c compound Li2Pd3B (similar to 21), but less than a half of that for MgCNi3 (similar to 54). The molybdenum carbide would provide valuable opportunities to deepen understanding of those unconventional superconductors. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Nano Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Nano Mat Lab, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM YAMAURA.Kazunari@nims.go.jp NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 184510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.184510 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100091 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Zhou, W. Yildirim, T. TI Lattice dynamics of metal-organic frameworks: Neutron inelastic scattering and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB By combining neutron inelastic scattering (NIS) and first-principles calculations, we have investigated the lattice dynamics of metal-organic framework-5 (MOF5). The structural stability of MOF5 was evaluated by calculating the three cubic elastic constants. We find that the shear modulus, c(44)=1.16 GPA, is unusually small, while two other moduli are relatively large (i.e., c(11)=29.42 GPa and c(12)=12.56 GPa). We predict that MOF5 is very close to structural instability and may yield interesting phases under high pressure and strain. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states were directly calculated and our simulated NIS spectrum agrees very well with our experimental data. Several interesting phonon modes are discussed, including the softest twisting modes of the organic linker. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 180301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.180301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100002 ER PT J AU Lietor-Santos, JJ Fernandez-Nieves, A Marquez, M AF Lietor-Santos, J. J. Fernandez-Nieves, A. Marquez, M. TI Particle migration induced by confinement of colloidal suspensions along the gravitational direction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMALL ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITIES; ANALYSIS LIGHT-SCATTERING; NON-BROWNIAN SPHERES; VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; PLANAR SLIT; SEDIMENTATION; DNA; COMPLEXES; EQUATION; DELIVERY AB We confine charged spheres in cells with the smallest dimension along the direction of gravity g. The particles are density mismatched with the surrounding medium and sediment along g with typical Peclet numbers of Pe approximate to 10(-3). After a certain time, we find that the number of particles N increases near both upper and lower plates until a characteristic time tau is reached; above this time N plateaus. We attribute the observed phenomenology to collective particle motions driven by gravity and mediated by hydrodynamic interactions; these could yield formation of swirls made of particles with correlated velocities that could eventually drive the particles towards the upper plate. The characteristic time for these migrations scales with plate-to-plate separation L-z as tau similar to L-z(1.2), exactly as the characteristic decay time of velocity fluctuations in sedimentation processes [S. Y. Tee , Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 054501 (2002)], despite that in these experiments the smallest cell dimension is perpendicular to g and 7 < Pe < 50. In the absence of gravitational field, the observed particle migrations disappear, emphasizing the key role played by gravity in these experiments. C1 Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Kazakhstan. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, INEST, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lietor-Santos, JJ (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Kazakhstan. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 051404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.051404 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110VF UT WOS:000242408700044 PM 17279906 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Shirley, EL AF Mohr, Peter J. Shirley, Eric L. TI Straight-edge diffraction of Planck radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TOTAL IRRADIANCE; PRIMARY STANDARD; RADIOMETRY; LIGHT AB The irradiance diffraction profile of a straight edge is given as a Taylor series in powers of the distance from the geometrical shadow boundary to any point in the profile for monochromatic radiation. The coefficients of the series, which are obtained as simple analytic expressions, are proportional to the real part of a complex number whose phase cycles through a complete period every eight terms in the series. Integration of this series over a Planck distribution of radiation yields the power series for the Planck profile; this derived series has a finite radius of convergence. The asymptotic series for the Planck profile far from the shadow boundary and beyond the radius of convergence of its power series is obtained by analytic continuation of the power series with the aid of a Barnes type of integral representation. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 056606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.056606 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110VG UT WOS:000242408800047 PM 17280005 ER PT J AU Gavrin, VN Abdurashitov, JN Barsanov, VI Bowles, TJ Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Haxton, WC Ibragimova, TV Janelidze, AA Kalikhov, AV Karpenko, AI Khairnasov, NG Khomyakov, YS Knodel, TV Korenkova, AV Kotelnikov, NA Lande, K Maltsev, VV Markov, SY Matveev, VA Mirmov, IN Mishin, OV Nico, JS Oshkanov, NN Petrov, AN Poplavsky, VM Popov, VV Selin, VV Shakirov, ZN Shikhin, AA Suzuki, A Teasdale, WA Tuchkov, AM Vasiliev, BA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Voronov, SA Wilkerson, JF Yants, VE Zamyatina, AA Zatsepin, GT Zlokazov, SB AF Gavrin, V. N. Abdurashitov, J. N. Barsanov, V. I. Bowles, T. J. Cleveland, B. T. Elliott, S. R. Girin, S. V. Gorbachev, V. V. Gurkina, P. P. Haxton, W. C. Ibragimova, T. V. Janelidze, A. A. Kalikhov, A. V. Karpenko, A. I. Khairnasov, N. G. Khomyakov, Yu. S. Knodel, T. V. Korenkova, A. V. Kotelnikov, N. A. Lande, K. Maltsev, V. V. Markov, S. Yu. Matveev, V. A. Mirmov, I. N. Mishin, O. V. Nico, J. S. Oshkanov, N. N. Petrov, A. N. Poplavsky, V. M. Popov, V. V. Selin, V. V. Shakirov, Z. N. Shikhin, A. A. Suzuki, A. Teasdale, W. A. Tuchkov, A. M. Vasiliev, B. A. Veretenkin, E. P. Vermul, V. M. Voronov, S. A. Wilkerson, J. F. Yants, V. E. Zamyatina, A. A. Zatsepin, G. T. Zlokazov, S. B. TI Measurement of the response of a Ga solar neutrino experiment to Ar-37 source SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID ORBITAL-ELECTRON-CAPTURE; INNER BREMSSTRAHLUNG; CALIBRATION SOURCE; GALLIUM; DECAY; DETECTORS; CHLORINE AB An intense Ar-37 source was produced by the (n, alpha) reaction on Ca-40 by irradiating 330 kg of calcium oxide in the fast neutron breeder reactor at Zarechny, Russia. The Ar-37 was released from the solid target by dissolution in acid, collected from this solution, purified, sealed into a small source, and brought to the Baksan Neutrino Observatory, where it was used to irradiate 13 t of gallium metal in the Russian-American solar neutrino experiment SAGE. Ten exposures of the gallium to the source, whose initial strength was similar to 409 +/- 2kCi, were carried out during the period from April to September 2004. The Ge-71s produced by the reaction Ga-71(nu(e), e(-))Ge-71 was extracted, purified, and counted. The measured production rate was 11.0(-0.9)(+1.0) (stat.) +/- 0.6 (syst.) atoms of Ge-71/d, which is 0.79(-0.10)(+0.09) of the theoretically calculated production rate. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Inst Nucl Mat, Zarechnyi 624250, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Beloyarsk Nucl Power Plant, Zarechnyi 624250, Russia. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Oblast, Russia. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OKB Mech Engn, Nizhnii Novgorod 603074, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Gavrin, VN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Pr Shestidesyatiletiya Oktyabrya 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. EM gavrin@dionis.iasnet.ru RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1820 EP 1828 DI 10.1134/S1063778806110032 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 105VU UT WOS:000242061200003 ER PT J AU Peacor, SD Allesina, S Riolo, RL Pascual, M AF Peacor, Scott D. Allesina, Stefano Riolo, Rick L. Pascual, Mercedes TI Phenotypic plasticity opposes species invasions by altering fitness surface SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; TRADE-OFF; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; DEPENDENT SELECTION; IMPATIENS-CAPENSIS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FOOD WEBS AB Understanding species invasion is a central problem in ecology because invasions of exotic species severely impact ecosystems, and because invasions underlie fundamental ecological processes. However, the influence on invasions of phenotypic plasticity, a key component of many species interactions, is unknown. We present a model in which phenotypic plasticity of a resident species increases its ability to oppose invaders, and plasticity of an invader increases its ability to displace residents. Whereas these effects are expected due to increased fitness associated with phenotypic plasticity, the model additionally reveals a new and unforeseen mechanism by which plasticity affects invasions: phenotypic plasticity increases the steepness of the fitness surface, thereby making invasion more difficult, even by phenotypically plastic invaders. Our results should apply to phenotypically plastic responses to any fluctuating environmental factors including predation risk, and to other factors that affect the fitness surface such as the generalism of predators. We extend the results to competition, and argue that phenotypic plasticity's effect on the fitness surface will destabilize coexistence at local scales, but stabilize coexistence at regional scales. Our study emphasizes the need to incorporate variable interaction strengths due to phenotypic plasticity into invasion biology and ecological theory on competition and coexistence in fragmented landscapes. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Peacor, SD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM peacor@msu.edu RI Allesina, Stefano/A-2255-2009 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2112 EP 2120 AR e372 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040372 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 114EJ UT WOS:000242649200022 PM 17076585 ER PT J AU Garris, MD Tabassi, E Wilson, CL AF Garris, Michael D. Tabassi, Elham Wilson, Charles L. TI NIST fingerprint evaluations and developments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE biometric; consolidation; evaluation; fingerprints; identification; performance testing; standards; verification AB This paper presents an R&D framework used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for biometric technology testing and evaluation. The focus of this paper is on fingerprint-based verification and identification. Since 9/11 the NIST Image Group has been mandated by Congress to run a program for biometric technology assessment and biometric systems certification. Four essential areas of activity are discussed: 1) developing test datasets; 2) conducting performance assessment; 3) technology development; and 4) standards participation. A description of activities and accomplishments are provided for each of these areas. in the process, methods of performance testing are described and results from specific biometric technology evaluations are presented. This framework is anticipated to have broad applicability to other technology and application domains. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garris, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mgarris@nist.gov; tabassi@nist.gov; cwilson@nist.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1915 EP 1926 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2006.885130 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 125MH UT WOS:000243445500004 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Atkin, R Back, CA Henins, A Holland, GE Seely, JF Szabo, CI AF Hudson, L. T. Atkin, R. Back, C. A. Henins, A. Holland, G. E. Seely, J. F. Szabo, C. I. TI X-ray spectroscopy at next-generation inertial confinement fusion sources: Anticipating needs and challenges SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melbourne DE X-ray spectroscopy; laser-produced plasmas; curved-crystal optics; plasma diagnostics; high energy density physics ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETERS; PLASMAS; REGION; LASER AB The inertial confinement fusion community is actively preparing for the transition from kilojoule- to megajoule-class lasers. To assess laser and target performance, a sophisticated array of diagnostics that can operate in increasingly harsh environments is required. In this paper, we overview some of the needs and challenges related to performing X-ray spectroscopy with very intense and highly energetic X-ray sources. To illustrate issues that will be broadly applicable to diagnostics at high energy density facilities, we relate lessons learned during early testing of the high-energy electronic X-ray spectrometer (HENEX), a core-level diagnostic commissioned by the National Ignition Facility. A spectrometer design employing symmetric Laue diffraction has proven to be particularly well suited for the high energy density environment and will extend existing diagnostic techniques to high-Z, K-shell spectroscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1784 EP 1798 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.050 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 107QH UT WOS:000242185600068 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Hudson, LT Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Seely, JF AF Szabo, C. I. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Holland, G. E. Atkin, R. Seely, J. F. TI Mitigation of fluorescence and scattering in reflection convex-crystal X-ray spectrometers SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melbourne DE X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence; crystal spectrometer; X-ray scattering AB X-ray diagnostics in today's high-energy density environments must contend with intense and energetic X-ray background levels. In this work, we address the issues of X-ray fluorescence and scattering in reflection-geometry X-ray crystal spectrometers. In this geometry, the detector can capture not only a dispersed X-ray spectrum but also fluorescence and/or scattered X-rays from the diffracting crystal and crystal mounts. Studies to optimally reduce these sources of spectral contamination have been performed using the HENEX spectrometer. Variables that mitigate such unwanted background include filtration, collimation and judicious selection of crystal and detector materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csilla@nist.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1824 EP 1829 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.11.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 107QH UT WOS:000242185600073 ER PT J AU Datta, K Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Neumann, RD Winters, TA AF Datta, Kamal Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Neumann, Ronald D. Winters, Thomas A. TI Molecular analysis of base damage clustering associated with a site-specific radiation-induced DNA double-strand break SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; SYNTHETIC OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; I-125 DECAY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; EXCISION-REPAIR AB Base damage flanking a radiation-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) may contribute to DSB complexity and affect break repair. However, to date, an isolated radiation-induced DSB has not been assessed for such structures at the molecular level. In this study, an authentic site-specific radiation-induced DSB was produced in plasmid DNA by triplex forming oligonucleotide-targeted I-125 decay. A restriction fragment terminated by the DSB was isolated and probed for base damage with the E. coli DNA repair enzymes endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase. Our results demonstrate base damage clustering within 8 bases of the I-125-targeted base in the DNA duplex. An increased yield of base damage (purine > pyrimidine) was observed for DSBs formed by irradiation in the absence of DMSO. An internal control fragment 1354 bp upstream from the targeted base was insensitive to enzymatic probing, indicating that the damage detected proximal to the DSB was produced by the I-125 decay that formed the DSB. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified three types of damaged bases in the similar to 32-bp region proximal to the DSB. These base lesions were 8-hydroxyguanine, 8-hydroxyadenine and 5-hydroxycytosine. Finally, evidence is presented for base damage > 24 bp upstream from the I-125-decay site that may form via a charge migration mechanism. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIH, Dept Nucl Med, Warren Grant Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Winters, TA (reprint author), NIH, Dept Nucl Med, Warren Grant Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bldg 10,Room 1C401,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM twinters@mail.cc.nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 CL060001-13, Z99 CL999999] NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 166 IS 5 BP 767 EP 781 DI 10.1667/RR0628.1 PG 15 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 099UM UT WOS:000241621700007 PM 17067210 ER PT J AU Roni, P Bennett, T Morley, S Pess, GR Hanson, K Van Slyke, D Olmstead, P AF Roni, Phil Bennett, Todd Morley, Sarah Pess, George R. Hanson, Karrie Van Slyke, Dan Olmstead, Pat TI Rehabilitation of bedrock stream channels: The effects of boulder weir placement on aquatic habitat and biota SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE restoration; rehabilitation; boulders; weirs; habitat structures; salmonids; macroinvertebrates; coho salmon ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; RESTORATION TECHNIQUES; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WASHINGTON STREAMS; GIANT SALAMANDERS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN OREGON; URBAN STREAMS AB The placement of boulder weirs is a popular method to improve fish habitat, though little is known about the effectiveness of these structures at increasing fish and biota abundance. We examined the effectiveness of boulder weir placement by comparing physical habitat, chemical and biotic metrics in 13 paired treatment (boulder weir placement) and control reaches in seven southwest Oregon watersheds in the summer of 2002 and 2003. Pool area, the number of boulders, total large woody debris (LWD) and LWD forming pools were all significantly higher in treatment than control reaches (p < 0.05). No differences in water chemistry (total N, total P, dissolved organic carbon) or macroinvertebrate metrics (richness, total abundance, benthic index of biotic integrity etc.) were detected. Abundance of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchuskisutch) and trout (O. mykiss and O. clarki) were higher in treatment than control reaches (p < 0.05), while dace (Rhinichthys spp.; p < 0.09) were more abundant in control reaches and no significant difference was detected for young-of-year trout (p > 0.20). Both coho salmon and trout response to boulder weir placement were positively correlated with difference in pool area; p < 0.10), while dace and young-of-year trout response to boulder weir placement were negatively correlated with difference in LWD (p < 0.05). The placement of boulder weirs appears to be an effective technique for increasing local abundance of species that prefer pools (juvenile coho and trout > 100 mm). Based on our results and previous studies on bedrock and incised channels, we suggest that the placement of boulder structures is a useful first step in attempting to restore these types of stream channels. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NOAA, Watershed Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Bur Land Management, North Bend, OR 97459 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, Watershed Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd,E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov NR 85 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 9 BP 967 EP 980 DI 10.1002/rra.954 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 109RC UT WOS:000242325200002 ER PT J AU Irwin, KD AF Irwin, Kent D. TI Seeing with superconductors SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 295 IS 5 BP 86 EP + PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 095OF UT WOS:000241316500032 PM 17076088 ER PT J AU Arcas, D Titov, V AF Arcas, Diego Titov, Vasily TI Sumatra tsunami: lessons from modeling SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE tsunami; Deep-Ocean Assesment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART); run-up; altimetry data ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; WAVE; EARTHQUAKE; RUNUP AB The need for the combination of seismic data with real-time wave height information for an effective prediction of tsunami impact is emphasized in the paper. A preliminary, but comprehensive study of arrival times, wave heights and run-up values at a number of locations and tide gage stations throughout the Indian Ocean seaboard is presented. Open ocean wave height data from satellite observations are analyzed and used in the reconstruction of a tsunami source mechanism for the December 26, 2004 event. The reconstructed source is then used to numerically estimate tsunami impact along the Indian Ocean seaboard, including wave height, and arrival times at 12 tide gage stations, and inundation at 3 locations on the coast of India. The December 2004, as well as the March 28, 2005 tsunamis are investigated and their differences in terms of tsunami generation are analyzed and presented as a clear example of the need for both, seismic and real-time tsunami data for a reliable tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Titov, V (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Vasily.Titov@noaa.gov OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 679 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s10712-006-9012-5 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110GN UT WOS:000242366400006 ER PT J AU Lin, JC Gerbig, C Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Matross, DM Chow, VY Gottlieb, E Andrews, AE Pathmathevan, M Munger, JW AF Lin, J. C. Gerbig, C. Wofsy, S. C. Daube, B. C. Matross, D. M. Chow, V. Y. Gottlieb, E. Andrews, A. E. Pathmathevan, M. Munger, J. W. TI What have we learned from intensive atmospheric sampling field programmes of CO2? SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID CARBON-DIOXIDE DATA; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; INVERSIONS; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The spatial and temporal gradients in atmospheric CO2 contain signatures of carbon fluxes, and as part of inverse studies, these signatures have been combined with atmospheric models to infer carbon sources and sinks. However, such studies have yet to yield finer-scale, regional fluxes over the continent that can be linked to ecosystem processes and ground-based observations. The reasons for this gap are twofold: lack of atmospheric observations over the continent and model deficiencies in interpreting such observations. This paper describes a series of intensive atmospheric sampling field programmes designed as pilot experiments to bridge the observational gap over the continent and to help test and develop models to interpret these observations. We summarize recent results emerging from this work, outlining the role of the intensive atmospheric programmes in collecting CO2 data in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions. These data: (1) quantitatively establish the spatial variability of CO2 and the associated errors from neglecting this variability in models; (2) directly measure regional carbon fluxes from airmass-following experiments and (3) challenge models to reduce and account for uncertainties in atmospheric transport. We conclude with a look towards the future, outlining ways in which intensive atmospheric sampling can contribute towards advancing carbon science. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM jcl@uwaterloo.ca RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00202.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500003 ER PT J AU Matross, DM Andrews, A Pathmathevan, M Gerbig, C Lin, JC Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Gottlieb, EW Chow, VY Lee, JT Zhao, CL Bakwin, PS Munger, JW Hollinger, DY AF Matross, Daniel M. Andrews, Arlyn Pathmathevan, Mahadevan Gerbig, Christoph Lin, John C. Wofsy, Steven C. Daube, Bruce C. Gottlieb, Elaine W. Chow, Victoria Y. Lee, John T. Zhao, Conglong Bakwin, Peter S. Munger, J. William Hollinger, David Y. TI Estimating regional carbon exchange in New England and Quebec by combining atmospheric, ground-based and satellite data SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID TRANSPORT; DIOXIDE; MODEL; CLIMATE; FLUXES; CO2; INVERSIONS; VEGETATION; IMAGES; SINKS AB We derive regional-scale (similar to 10(4) km(2)) CO2 flux estimates for summer 2004 in the northeast United States and southern Quebec by assimilating extensive data into a receptor-oriented model-data fusion framework. Surface fluxes are specified using the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), a simple, readily optimized biosphere model driven by satellite data, AmeriFlux eddy covariance measurements and meteorological fields. The surface flux model is coupled to a Lagrangian atmospheric adjoint model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport Model (STILT) that links point observations to upwind sources with high spatiotemporal resolution. Analysis of CO2 concentration data from the NOAA-ESRL tall tower at Argyle, ME and from extensive aircraft surveys, shows that the STILT-VPRM framework successfully links model flux fields to regionally representative atmospheric CO2 data, providing a bridge between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' methods for estimating regional CO2 budgets on timescales from hourly to monthly. The surface flux model, with initial calibration to eddy covariance data, produces an excellent a priori condition for inversion studies constrained by atmospheric concentration data. Exploratory optimization studies show that data from several sites in a region are needed to constrain model parameters for all major vegetation types, because the atmosphere commingles the influence of regional vegetation types, and even high-resolution meteorological analysis cannot disentangle the associated contributions. Airborne data are critical to help define uncertainty within the optimization framework, showing for example, that in summertime CO2 concentration at Argyle (107 m) is similar to 0.6 ppm lower than the mean in the planetary boundary layer. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3GL, Canada. Univ Maine, Environm Phys Grp, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Matross, DM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM matross@fas.harvard.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00206.x PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500004 ER PT J AU Crevoisier, C Gloor, M Gloaguen, E Horowitz, LW Sarmiento, JL Sweeney, C Tans, PP AF Crevoisier, Cyril Gloor, Manuel Gloaguen, Erwan Horowitz, Larry W. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Sweeney, Colm Tans, Pieter P. TI A direct carbon budgeting approach to infer carbon sources and sinks. Design and synthetic application to complement the NACP observation network SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID DIOXIDE AB In order to exploit the upcoming regular measurements of vertical carbon dioxide (CO(2)) profiles over North America implemented in the framework of the North American Carbon Program (NACP), we design a direct carbon budgeting approach to infer carbon sources and sinks over the continent using model simulations. Direct budgeting puts a control volume on top of North America, balances air mass in- and outflows into the volume and solves for the surface fluxes. The flows are derived from the observations through a geostatistical interpolation technique called Kriging combined with transport fields from weather analysis. The use of CO(2) vertical profiles simulated by the atmospheric transport model MOZART-2 at the planned 19 stations of the NACP network has given an estimation of the error of 0.39 GtC yr(-1) within the model world. Reducing this error may be achieved through a better estimation of mass fluxes associated with convective processes affecting North America. Complementary stations in the north-west and the north-east are also needed to resolve the variability of CO(2) in these regions. For instance, the addition of a single station near 52 degrees N; 110 degrees W is shown to decrease the estimation error to 0.34 GtC yr(-1). C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Crevoisier, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ccrevois@princeton.edu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00214.x PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500006 ER PT J AU Waugh, DW Hall, TM McNeil, BI Key, R Matear, RJ AF Waugh, D. W. Hall, T. M. McNeil, B. I. Key, R. Matear, R. J. TI Anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans estimated using transit time distributions SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; TRANSPORT; INCREASE; CARBON; MODELS; AGE AB The distribution of anthropogenic carbon (C-ant) in the oceans is estimated using the transit time distribution (TTD) method applied to global measurements of chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC12). Unlike most other inference methods, the TTD method does not assume a single ventilation time and avoids the large uncertainty incurred by attempts to correct for the large natural carbon background in dissolved inorganic carbon measurements. The highest concentrations and deepest penetration of anthropogenic carbon are found in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. The estimated total inventory in 1994 is 134 Pg-C. To evaluate uncertainties the TTD method is applied to output from an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and compared the results to the directly simulated C-ant. Outside of the Southern Ocean the predicted C-ant closely matches the directly simulated distribution, but in the Southern Ocean the TTD concentrations are biased high due to the assumption of 'constant disequilibrium'. The net result is a TTD overestimate of the global inventory by about 20%. Accounting for this bias and other centred uncertainties, an inventory range of 94-121 Pg-C is obtained. This agrees with the inventory of Sabine et al., who applied the Delta C* method to the same data. There are, however, significant differences in the spatial distributions: The TTD estimates are smaller than Delta C* in the upper ocean and larger at depth, consistent with biases expected in Delta C* given its assumption of a single parcel ventilation time. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Waugh, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; OI Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; McNeil, Ben/0000-0001-5765-7087 NR 43 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 20 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 376 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00222.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500007 ER PT J AU Lai, CT Schauer, AJ Owensby, C Ham, JM Helliker, B Tans, PP Ehleringer, JR AF Lai, Chun-Ta Schauer, Andrew J. Owensby, Clenton Ham, Jay M. Helliker, Brent Tans, Pieter P. Ehleringer, James R. TI Regional CO2 fluxes inferred from mixing ratio measurements: estimates from flask air samples in central Kansas, USA SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER-VAPOR; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; CONCENTRATION PROFILES; SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONS; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; C-13/C-12 RATIO AB We estimated regional fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) using mixing ratios measured in a tallgrass prairie in central Kansas, USA over 3 yr (2002-2004). Glass flasks were used to collect whole air samples in the midafternoon for determining CO2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotopic composition. Regional CO2 fluxes were calculated assuming atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) approaches an equilibrium state on a monthly basis. CO2 mixing ratios derived from the marine boundary layer data were used as a proxy to represent those in the free troposphere, which allowed for determining a boundary layer CO2 gradient primarily resulting from surface exchange. We estimated temporal changes in the ABL height for this region on a monthly basis (600-1700 m asl for a 5-yr average between 1997 and 2001) from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model data. Accordingly, we estimated the rate of entrainment (flux density) by interpolating NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data to the estimated ABL height. Our study differentiates from previous studies in several aspects: (1) we used flask-based mixing ratio measurements; (2) only discrete midday CO2 mixing ratio data were used to construct weekly CO2 gradients between free troposphere and the ABL and (3) we propose a new means for estimating monthly values of vertical transport. Modelled regional CO2 fluxes were compared to net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 fluxes measured by eddy covariance method. Assuming negligible vertical CO2 gradients between mid-ABL and the surface layer and with no correction applied, calculated NEE showed a general agreement with measured NEE fluxes throughout the growing season. Using CO mixing ratio data, we show that fossil fuel burning contributed negligible CO2 fluxes in summer but partially explained the discrepancy between modelled regional CO2 fluxes and measured NEE in winter. This wintertime fossil fuel input was consistent with carbon isotope measurements of CO2. We demonstrate in this study that CO2 mixing ratios subsampled at midday in the surface layer can be used to gain insights into regional CO2 flux exchange in the U.S. Great Plains area. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lai, CT (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lai@biology.utah.edu NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00203.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500018 ER PT J AU Chen, BZ Chen, JM Tans, PP Huang, L AF Chen, Baozhang Chen, Jing M. Tans, Pieter P. Huang, Lin TI Simulating dynamics of-C-13 of CO2 in the planetary boundary layer over a boreal forest region: covariation between surface fluxes and atmospheric mixing SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON METABOLISM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CANADA; OCEAN; DISCRIMINATION; TEMPERATURE; DELTA-C-13; NETWORK; CYCLE AB Stable isotopes of CO2 contain unique information on the biological and physical processes that exchange CO2 between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Ecosystem exchange of carbon isotopes with the atmosphere is correlated diurnally and seasonally with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics. The strength of this kind of covariation affects the vertical gradient of delta C-13 and thus the global delta C-13 distribution pattern. We need to understand the various processes involved in transport/diffusion of carbon isotope ratio in the PBL and between the PBL and the biosphere and the troposphere. In this study, we employ a one-dimensional vertical diffusion/transport atmospheric model (VDS), coupled to an ecosystem isotope model (BEPS-EASS) to simulate dynamics of (CO2)-C-13 in the PBL over a boreal forest region in the vicinity of the Fraserdale (FRD) tower (49 degrees 52 ' 29.9 '' N, 81 degrees 34 ' 12.3 '' W) in northern Ontario, Canada. The data from intensive campaigns during the growing season in 1999 at this site are used for model validation in the surface layer. The model performance, overall, is satisfactory in simulating the measured data over the whole course of the growing season. We examine the interaction of the biosphere and the atmosphere through the PBL with respect to delta C-13 on diurnal and seasonal scales. The simulated annual mean vertical gradient of delta C-13 in the PBL in the vicinity of the FRD tower was about 0.25 parts per thousand in 1999. The delta C-13 vertical gradient exhibited strong diurnal (29%) and seasonal (71%) variations that do not exactly mimic those of CO2. Most of the vertical gradient (96.5% +/-) resulted from covariation between ecosystem exchange of carbon isotopes and the PBL dynamics, while the rest (3.5% +/-) was contributed by isotopic disequilibrium between respiration and photosynthesis. This disequilibrium effect on delta C-13 of CO2 dynamics in PBL, moreover, was confined to the near surface layers (less than 350 m). C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Chen, BZ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, 100 St George St,Room 5047, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. EM chenb@geog.utoronto.ca NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 537 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00213.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500019 ER PT J AU Hofmann, DJ Butler, JH Dlugokencky, EJ Elkins, JW Masarie, K Montzka, SA Tans, P AF Hofmann, D. J. Butler, J. H. Dlugokencky, E. J. Elkins, J. . W. Masarie, K. Montzka, S. A. Tans, P. TI The role of carbon dioxide in climate forcing from 1979 to 2004: introduction of the Annual Greenhouse Gas Index SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; BURDEN; FOREST AB High-precision measurements of CO(2), CH(4), N(2)O, CFC-12, CFC-11 (major greenhouse gases) and 10 minor halogenated gases from a globally distributed network of air sampling sites are used to calculate changes in radiative climate forcing since the pre-industrial era (1750) for the period of measurement, 1979-2004. The five major greenhouse gases account for about 97% of the direct radiative forcing by long-lived gases. The fraction of the sum of radiative forcings by all long-lived gases that is due to CO(2) has grown from 60% to 63% over this time. Though the long-term increase in this sum is due primarily to increased anthropogenic emissions of these radiatively important gases, interannual variations in the growth rate of radiative forcing due to CO(2) are large and likely related to natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and ENSO events. The annual value of the total global radiative forcing of the long-lived gases is used to define an Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI). The AGGI is normalized to 1990, the Kyoto Protocol baseline year. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hofmann, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.J.Hofmann@noaa.gov OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 12 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00201.x PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500026 ER PT J AU Pauluis, O Frierson, DMW Garner, ST Held, IM Vallis, GK AF Pauluis, Olivier Frierson, Dargan M. W. Garner, Stephen T. Held, Isaac M. Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI The hypohydrostatic rescaling and its impacts on modeling of atmospheric convection SO THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE moist convection; general circulation of the atmosphere; climate model ID ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; MOIST CONVECTION; CLOUD SYSTEMS; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; GRADIENTS; GATE AB The atmospheric circulation spans a wide range of spatial scales, including the planetary scale (similar to 10,000 km), synoptic scale (similar to 2,000 km), mesoscale (similar to 200 km), and convective scales (< 20 km). The wide scale separation between convective motions, responsible for the vertical energy transport, and the planetary circulation, responsible for the meridional energy transport, has prevented explicit representation of convective motions in global atmospheric models. Kuang et al. (Geophys. Res. Lett. 32: L02809, 2005) have suggested a way to circumvent this limitation through a rescaling that they refer to as Diabatic Acceleration and REscaling (DARE). We focus here on a modified version of the procedure that we refer to as hypohydrostatic rescaling. These two strategies are equivalent for inviscid and adiabatic flow in the traditional meteorological setting in which the vertical component of the Coriolis acceleration is ignored, but they differ when atmospheric physics is taken into account. It is argued here that, while the hypohydrostatic rescaling preserves the dynamics of the planetary scale circulation, it increases the horizontal scale of convective motions. This drastically reduces the computational cost for explicit simulation of hypohydrostatic convection in a global atmospheric model. A key question is whether explicit simulations of hypohydrostatic convection could offer a valid alternative to convective parameterization in global models. To do so, radiative-convective equilibrium is simulated with a high-resolution non-hydrostatic model using different model resolutions and values of the rescaling parameter. When the behavior of hypohydrostatic convection is compared with coarse-resolution simulations of convection, the latter set of simulations reproduce more accurately the result from a reference high-resolution simulation. This is particularly true for the convective velocity and cloud ice distributions. Scaling arguments show that hypohydrostatic rescaling increases the convective overturning time. In particular, this convective slowdown associated with the hypohydrostatic rescaling is more significant than the slowdown resulting from under-resolving the convective elements. These results cast doubt on the practical value of the hypohydrostatic rescaling as an alternative to convective parameterization. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pauluis, O (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM pauluis@cims.nyu.edu RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-4964 J9 THEOR COMP FLUID DYN JI Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 485 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s00162-006-0026-x PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 096UB UT WOS:000241401200011 ER PT J AU Dechraoui, MYB Wacksman, JJ Ramsdell, JS AF Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Wacksman, Jeremy J. Ramsdell, John S. TI Species selective resistance of cardiac muscle voltage gated sodium channels: Characterization of brevetoxin and ciguatoxin binding sites in rats and fish SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE ciguatoxin; ciguatera; brevetoxin; voltage gated sodium channel; isoform; mammals; teleost fish; marine toxins ID FLORIDA RED TIDE; BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; DEVELOPING NEURONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; RECEPTOR-SITE; CIGUATERA; EXPRESSION; MEMBRANES; TOXINS AB Brevetoxins (PbTxs) and ciguatoxins (CTXs) are two suites of dinoflagellate derived marine polyether neurotoxins that target the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC). PbTxs are commonly responsible for massive fish kills and unusual mortalities in marine mammals. CTXs, more often noted for human intoxication, are suspected causes of fish and marine mammal intoxication, although this has never been reported in the field. VGSCs, present in the membrane of all excitable cells including those found in skeletal muscle, nervous and heart tissues, are found as isoforms with differential expression within species and tissues. To investigate the tissue and species susceptibility to these biotoxins, we determined the relative affinity of PbTx-2 and -3 and P-CTX-1 to native VGSCs in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of rat and the marine teleost fish Centropristis striata by competitive binding in the presence of [H-3]PbTx-3. No differences between rat and fish were observed in the binding of PbTxs and CTX to either brain or skeletal muscle. However, [3 H]PbTx-3 showed substantial lower affinity to rat heart tissue while in the fish it bound with the same affinity to heart than to brain or skeletal muscle. These new insights into PbTxs and CTXs binding in fish and mammalian excitable tissues indicate a species related resistance of heart VGSC in the rat; yet, with comparable sensitivity between the species for brain and skeletal muscle. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD NOV PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 702 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.032 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 104DU UT WOS:000241937200011 PM 16973200 ER PT J AU Muir, WD Marsh, DM Sandford, BP Smith, SG Williams, JG AF Muir, William D. Marsh, Douglas M. Sandford, Benjamin P. Smith, Steven G. Williams, John G. TI Post-hydropower system delayed mortality of transported snake river stream-type Chinook salmon: Unraveling the mystery SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; EARLY MARINE SURVIVAL; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COHO SALMON AB Past research indicates that on an annual basis, smolts of stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha collected at Snake River dams and transported by barge to below Bonneville Dam have greater post-hydropower system mortality than smolts that migrate in-river. To date, this difference has most commonly been attributed to stress from collection and transportation, leading to decreased disease resistance or predator avoidance ability. Using both hatchery and wild passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged Chinook salmon, we explored two mechanisms that either separately or jointly contributed to an alternative explanation: altered timing of ocean entry and lost growth opportunity leading to size-selective predation. Based on weekly estimates of in-river survival and adult return rates of smolts that were transported or that migrated in-river between Lower Granite and Bonneville dams, we found greater post-hydropower system mortality for smolts transported early in the season but greater mortality for in-river migrating smolts later in the season. Migrants took 2-4 weeks to travel between the two dams, while transported fish took less than 2 d. Thus, fish leaving Lower Granite Dam under the two transit modes encountered different conditions downstream from Bonneville Dam. Further, wild and hatchery migrants grew 6-8 and 5-6 mm, respectively, while transported fish had no apparent growth in the less than 2-d barge ride. Using length data and regression equations of size selectivity, we found that transported smolts were more vulnerable to predation by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis (freshwater) and Pacific hake Merluccius productus (marine) than were migrants; this was particularly true for the smaller wild smolts transported early in the season. We concluded that the most parsimonious explanation for differential post-hydropower system mortality of transported Chinook salmon smolts related not to effects of stress but to differential size and timing of ocean entry. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Muir, WD (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM bill.muir@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1534 DI 10.1577/T06-049.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500009 ER PT J AU Koehler, ME Fresh, KL Beauchamp, DA Cordell, JR Simenstad, CA Seiler, DE AF Koehler, Michele E. Fresh, Kurt L. Beauchamp, David A. Cordell, Jeffery R. Simenstad, Charles A. Seiler, David E. TI Diet and bioenergetics of lake-rearing juvenile Chinook salmon in Lake Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TYPES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RIVER ESTUARY; HABITAT; GROWTH; STREAM AB Use of lake habitats by ocean-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is rare under natural conditions. We studied aspects of the trophic ecology of naturally and hatchery-produced juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the littoral zone of highly urbanized Lake Washington in Washington State. During February through May, naturally produced juvenile Chinook salmon occupied littoral habitats and consumed mostly epibenthic prey, primarily chironomid pupae (Diptera). In June, they switched to a diet dominated by plankton. specifically Daphnia spp. This diet shift from littoral prey to limnetic prey coincided with increasing temperature, a shift by the fish from littoral to linmetic habitats, the spring bloom of Daphnia, and increasing fish size. Bioenergetics modeling for these populations estimated that naturally produced juvenile Chinook salmon had high consumption rates and were generally feeding close to their maximum ration, even after large numbers of hatchery-produced Chinook salmon entered the lake. The feeding rates, growth rates, and proportions of maximum daily ration from the modeling suggested that under current conditions, both naturally produced and hatchery-produced juvenile Chinook salmon were finding ample food in littoral habitats of Lake Washington. These results further reveal that hatchery-produced Chinook salmon did not compete with naturally produced fish and that this was probably a result of hatchery juveniles entering the lake during the spring Daphnia bloom when this prey is abundant. Our results suggest that managers should focus Chinook salmon recovery efforts in the Lake Washington basin on other aspects of the species' lake use, such as predation or disease. or on other life stages (e.g., spawning adults). C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Koehler, ME (reprint author), Limno Tech Inc, 1326 Birch Pk Ridge, Houlton, WI 54082 USA. EM mkoehler@limno.com NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1591 DI 10.1577/T05-178.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500014 ER PT J AU Petrie, ME Ryer, CH AF Petrie, Megan E. Ryer, Clifford H. TI Laboratory and field evidence for structural habitat affinity of young-of-the-year lingcod SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE REEF FISH; OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; TAGGED LINGCOD; SEAGRASS BEDS; ABUNDANCE; RECRUITMENT; FLATFISHES; ALASKA; COMMUNITIES; COMPLEXITY AB Lingcod Ophiodon elongatus are an overexploited fisheries species in the Pacific Northwest. Although there has been extensive study of the habitat requirements of adults, particularly during spawning, relatively little is known about the habitat requirements of juveniles. Many juvenile fish use structural components of habitat to alleviate the risk of predation as well as for foraging. Laboratory experiments and a field tagging study were performed to investigate habitat preference in juvenile lingcod. Initial laboratory experiments demonstrated an affinity for structure (rock, shell, or seagrass) over bare sand habitats. An acoustic tagging study conducted in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, corroborated the basic habitat preferences seen in laboratory experiments. Juvenile lingcod showed a high degree of site fidelity, remaining in discreet areas of significant structural complexity, as evidenced by underwater video of benthic habitat. Results from both laboratory and field studies establish that juvenile lingeod preferentially use structurally complex habitats. With this information, we can start to identify what constitutes essential fish habitat for juveniles of this important fisheries species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Petrie, ME (reprint author), Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM megpetrie@yahoo.com RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1630 DI 10.1577/T05-164.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500017 ER PT J AU Sheer, MB Steel, EA AF Sheer, M. B. Steel, E. A. TI Lost watersheds: Barriers, aquatic habitat connectivity, and salmon persistence in the Willamette and Lower Columbia River basins SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHINOOK SALMON; ABUNDANCE; STEELHEAD; USA AB Large portions of watersheds and streams are lost to anadromous fishes because of anthropogenic barriers to migration. The loss of these streams and rivers has shifted the distribution of accessible habitat, often reducing the diversity of accessible habitat and the quantity of high-quality habitat. We combined existing inventories of barriers to adult fish passage in the Willamette and Lower Columbia River basins and identified 1,491 anthropogenic barriers to fish passage blocking 14,931 km of streams. We quantified and compared the stream quality, land cover, and physical characteristics of lost versus currently accessible habitat by watershed, assessed the effect of barriers on the variability of accessible habitats, and investigated potential impacts of habitat reduction on endangered or threatened salmorrid populations. The majority of the study watersheds have lost more than 40% of total fish stream habitat. Overall, 40% of the streams with spawning gradients suitable for steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss), 60% of streams with riparian habitat in good condition, and 30% of streams draining watersheds with all coniferous land cover are no longer accessible to anadromous fish. Across watersheds, hydrologic and topographic watershed characteristics were correlated with barrier location, barrier density, and the impacts of barriers on habitat. Population-based abundance scores for spring Chinook salmon 0. tshawytscha were strongly correlated with the magnitude of habitat lost and the number of lowland fish passage barriers. The characteristics of barrier and habitat distribution presented in this paper indicate that barrier removal projects and mitigation for instream barriers should consider both the magnitude and quality of the lost habitat. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Sheer, MB (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM mindi.sheer@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1654 EP 1669 DI 10.1577/T05-221.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500020 ER PT J AU Cook, R Touma, JS Beidler, A Strum, M AF Cook, R. Touma, J. S. Beidler, A. Strum, M. TI Preparing highway emissions inventories for urban scale modeling: A case study in Philadelphia SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE emissions inventories; urban models; evaluation tools ID AIR TOXICS; POLLUTANTS AB Highway emissions represent a major source of many pollutants. Use of local data to model these emissions can have a large impact on the magnitude and distribution of emissions predicted and can significantly improve the accuracy of local scale air quality modeling assessments. This paper provides a comparison of top-down and bottom-up approaches for developing emission inventories for modeling in one urban area, Philadelphia, in calendar year 1999. A bottom-up approach relies on combining motor vehicle emission factors and vehicle activity data from a travel demand model estimated at the road link level to generate hourly emissions data. This approach can result in better estimates of levels and spatial distribution of on-road motor vehicle emissions than a top-down approach that relies on more aggregated information and default modeling inputs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Cook.Rich@epamail.epa.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2006.08.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 112JL UT WOS:000242521800002 ER PT J AU Abdulaev, NG Ngo, T Ramon, E Brabazon, DM Marino, JP Ridge, KD AF Abdulaev, Najmoutin G. Ngo, Tony Ramon, Eva Brabazon, Danielle M. Marino, John P. Ridge, Kevin D. TI The receptor-bound "empty pocket" state of the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit is conformationally dynamic SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-ACTIVATED RHODOPSIN; EF-TS COMPLEX; GTP-GAMMA-S; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COUPLED RECEPTORS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; TRANSDUCIN BINDING; BOVINE RHODOPSIN AB Heterotrimeric G-protein activation by a G-protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR) requires the propagation of structural signals from the receptor-interacting surfaces to the guanine nucleotide-binding pocket. To probe conformational changes in the G-protein alpha-subunit (G alpha) associated with activated GPCR ( R*) interactions and guanine nucleotide exchange, high-resolution solution NMR methods are being applied in studying signaling of the G-protein, transducin, by light-activated rhodopsin. Using these methods, we recently demonstrated that an isotope-labeled GR reconstituted heterotrimer forms functional complexes under NMR experimental conditions with light-activated, detergent-solubilized rhodopsin and a soluble mimic of R*, both of which trigger guanine nucleotide exchange [ Ridge, K. D., et al. ( 2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 7635-7648]. Here, it is shown that both light-activated rhodopsin and the soluble mimic of R* form trapped intermediate complexes with a GDP-released '' empty pocket '' state of the heterotrimer in the absence of GTP ( or GTP-S). In contrast to guanine nucleotide-bound forms of GR, the NMR spectra of the GDP-released, R*-bound empty pocket state of GR display severe line broadening suggestive of a dynamic intermediate state. Interestingly, the conformation of a GDP-depleted, Mg2+-bound state of GR generated in a manner independent of R* does not exhibit a similar degree of line broadening but rather appears structurally similar to the GDP/Mg2+-bound form of the protein. Taken together, these results suggest that R*-mediated changes in the receptor-interacting regions of GR, and not the absence of bound guanine nucleotide, are the predominant factors which dictate GR conformation and dynamics in this R*-bound state of the heterotrimer. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Membrane Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM john.marino@nist.gov; kevin.d.ridge@uth.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR015744]; NEI NIH HHS [EY013286, EY016493] NR 55 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 43 BP 12986 EP 12997 DI 10.1021/bi061088h PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 100LH UT WOS:000241670100007 PM 17059215 ER PT J AU Teplyakov, A Lim, K Zhu, PP Kapadia, G Chen, CCH Schwartz, J Howard, A Reddy, PT Peterkofsky, A Herzberg, O AF Teplyakov, Alexey Lim, Kap Zhu, Peng-Peng Kapadia, Geeta Chen, Celia C. H. Schwartz, Jennifer Howard, Andrew Reddy, Prasad T. Peterkofsky, Alan Herzberg, Osnat TI Structure of phosphorylated enzyme I, the phosphoenolpyruvate : sugar phosphotransferase system sugar translocation signal protein SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE sugar transport; phosphorylation; x-ray crystallography ID PYRUVATE PHOSPHATE DIKINASE; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MONOMER/DIMER TRANSITION; CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY; TRANSPORT; DIMERIZATION AB Bacterial transport of many sugars, coupled to their phosphorylation, is carried out by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system and involves five phosphoryl group transfer reactions. Sugar translocation initiates with the Mg(2+-)dependent phosphorylation of enzyme I (El) by PEP. Crystals of Escherichia coli El were obtained by mixing the protein with Mg2+ and PEP, followed by oxalate, an El inhibitor. The crystal structure reveals a dimeric protein where each subunit comprises three domains: a domain that binds the partner PEP:sugar phosphotransferase system protein, HPr; a domain that carries the phosphorylated histidine residue, His-189; and a PEP-binding domain. The PEP-binding site is occupied by Mg2+ and oxalate, and the phosphorylated His-189 is in-line for phosphotransfer to/from the ligand. Thus, the structure represents an enzyme intermediate just after phosphotransfer from PEP and before a conformational transition that brings His-189 similar to P in proximity to the phosphoryl group acceptor, His-15 of HPr. A model of this conformational transition is proposed whereby swiveling around an a-helical linker disengages the His domain from the PEP-binding domain. Assuming that HPr binds to the HPr-binding domain as observed by NMR spectroscopy of an El fragment, a rotation around two linker segments orients the His domain relative to the HPr-binding domain so that His-189 similar to P and His-15 are appropriately stationed for an in-line phosphotransfer reaction. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@carb.nist.gov OI Teplyakov, Alexey/0000-0003-0296-0016 NR 48 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 44 BP 16218 EP 16223 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607587103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 103IS UT WOS:000241879500030 PM 17053069 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Lovejoy, ER Barth, MC O'Brien, K AF Kazil, J. Lovejoy, E. R. Barth, M. C. O'Brien, K. TI Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIDLATITUDE UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CHANGING SOLAR IRRADIANCE; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; PARTICLE FORMATION; EXPERIMENTAL THERMODYNAMICS; TERNARY NUCLEATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB We investigate formation of sulfate aerosol in the marine troposphere from neutral and charged nucleation of H2SO4 and H2O. A box model of neutral and charged aerosol processes is run on a grid covering the oceans. Input data are taken from a model of galactic cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and from global chemistry and transport models. We find a weak aerosol production over the tropical oceans in the lower and middle troposphere, and a stronger production at higher latitudes, most notably downwind of industrial regions. The strongest aerosol production however occurs in the upper troposphere over areas with frequent convective activity, in particular in the tropics. This finding supports the proposition by which non-sea salt marine boundary layer aerosol in tropical regions does not form in situ, but nucleates in the upper troposphere from convectively lifted and cloud processed boundary layer air rich in aerosol precursor gases, from where it descends in subsiding air masses compensating convection. Convection of boundary layer air also appears to drive the formation of condensation nuclei in the tropical upper troposphere which maintains the stratospheric aerosol layer in the absence of volcanic activity. Neutral nucleation contributes only marginally to aerosol production in our simulations. This highlights the importance of other mechanisms, including charged binary and ternary, and neutral ternary nucleation for aerosol formation. Our analysis indicates that the variation of ionization by galactic cosmic rays over the decadal solar cycle does not entail a response in aerosol production and cloud cover via the second indirect aerosol effect that would explain observed variations in global cloud cover. We estimate that the variation in radiative forcing resulting from a response of clouds to the change in galactic cosmic ray ionization and subsequent aerosol production over the decadal solar cycle is smaller than the concurrent variation of total solar irradiance. C1 [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lovejoy, E. R.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Atmospher Chem, Atmospher Chem Proc Grp, Boulder, CO USA. [Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM ACD, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [O'Brien, K.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; NR 86 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 4905 EP 4924 DI 10.5194/acp-6-4905-2006 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100CA UT WOS:000241643600003 ER PT J AU Dentener, F Drevet, J Lamarque, JF Bey, I Eickhout, B Fiore, AM Hauglustaine, D Horowitz, LW Krol, M Kulshrestha, UC Lawrence, M Galy-Lacaux, C Rast, S Shindell, D Stevenson, D Van Noije, T Atherton, C Bell, N Bergman, D Butler, T Cofala, J Collins, B Doherty, R Ellingsen, K Galloway, J Gauss, M Montanaro, V Muller, JF Pitari, G Rodriguez, J Sanderson, M Solmon, F Strahan, S Schultz, M Sudo, K Szopa, S Wild, O AF Dentener, F. Drevet, J. Lamarque, J. F. Bey, I. Eickhout, B. Fiore, A. M. Hauglustaine, D. Horowitz, L. W. Krol, M. Kulshrestha, U. C. Lawrence, M. Galy-Lacaux, C. Rast, S. Shindell, D. Stevenson, D. Van Noije, T. Atherton, C. Bell, N. Bergman, D. Butler, T. Cofala, J. Collins, B. Doherty, R. Ellingsen, K. Galloway, J. Gauss, M. Montanaro, V. Mueller, J. F. Pitari, G. Rodriguez, J. Sanderson, M. Solmon, F. Strahan, S. Schultz, M. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Wild, O. TI Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; ECOSYSTEMS; EMISSION; CYCLE; AEROCOM; AMMONIA; EUROPE; FUTURE; MODEL AB [1] We use 23 atmospheric chemistry transport models to calculate current and future (2030) deposition of reactive nitrogen (NOy, NHx) and sulfate (SOx) to land and ocean surfaces. The models are driven by three emission scenarios: ( 1) current air quality legislation (CLE); ( 2) an optimistic case of the maximum emissions reductions currently technologically feasible ( MFR); and ( 3) the contrasting pessimistic IPCC SRES A2 scenario. An extensive evaluation of the present-day deposition using nearly all information on wet deposition available worldwide shows a good agreement with observations in Europe and North America, where 60 - 70% of the model-calculated wet deposition rates agree to within +/- 50% with quality-controlled measurements. Models systematically overestimate NHx deposition in South Asia, and underestimate NOy deposition in East Asia. We show that there are substantial differences among models for the removal mechanisms of NOy, NHx, and SOx, leading to +/- 1 sigma variance in total deposition fluxes of about 30% in the anthropogenic emissions regions, and up to a factor of 2 outside. In all cases the mean model constructed from the ensemble calculations is among the best when comparing to measurements. Currently, 36 - 51% of all NOy, NHx, and SOx is deposited over the ocean, and 50 - 80% of the fraction of deposition on land falls on natural (nonagricultural) vegetation. Currently, 11% of the world's natural vegetation receives nitrogen deposition in excess of the "critical load'' threshold of 1000 mg(N) m(-2) yr(-1). The regions most affected are the United States (20% of vegetation), western Europe ( 30%), eastern Europe ( 80%), South Asia (60%), East Asia 40%), southeast Asia (30%), and Japan (50%). Future deposition fluxes are mainly driven by changes in emissions, and less importantly by changes in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The global fraction of vegetation exposed to nitrogen loads in excess of 1000 mg(N) m(-2) yr(-1) increases globally to 17% for CLE and 25% for A2. In MFR, the reductions in NOy are offset by further increases for NHx deposition. The regions most affected by exceedingly high nitrogen loads for CLE and A2 are Europe and Asia, but also parts of Africa. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabl, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, WUR, Wageningen, Netherlands. Indian Inst Technol, Analyt & Environm Chem Div, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Atmosph & Environm Sci, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, Atmospher Composit Climate Res & Seismol Dept, De Bilt, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Laxenburg, Austria. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Atmospher Composit Res Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Dentener, F (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabl, TP290, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM frank.dentener@jrc.it; jerome.drevet@epfl.ch; lamar@ucar.edu; bey@epfl.ch; bas.eickhout@mnp.nl; arlene.fiore@noaa.gov; didier@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; krol@phys.uu.nl; umesh_iict@rediffmail.com; lawrence@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; lacc@aero.obs-mip.fr; rast@dkrz.de; dshindell@giss.nasa.gov; davids@met.ed.ac.uk; twan.van.noije@knmi.nl; atherton2@llnl.gov; nbell@giss.nasa.gov; dbergmann@llnl.gov; tmb@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; cofala@iiasa.ac.at; bill.collins@metoffice.com; ruth.doherty@ed.ac.uk; kjerstin.ellingsen@geo.uio.no; jng@virginia.edu; michael.gauss@geo.uio.no; veronica.montanaro@aquila.infn.it; jean-francois.muller@bira-iasb.oma.be; pitari@aquila.infn.it; jrodriguez@hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov; michael.sanderson@metoffice.com; solf@aero.obs-mip.fr; strahan@prometheus.gsfc.nasa.gov; m.schultz@fz-juelich.de; kengo@jamstec.go.jp; sophie.szopa@cea.fr; oliver.wild@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; NR 48 TC 335 Z9 347 U1 83 U2 349 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 AR GB4003 DI 10.1029/2005GB002672 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100WF UT WOS:000241700200001 ER PT J AU Tracey, KL Watts, DR Meinen, CS Luther, DS AF Tracey, K. L. Watts, D. R. Meinen, C. S. Luther, D. S. TI Synoptic maps of temperature and velocity within the Subantarctic Front south of Australia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; GULF-STREAM; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; SURFACE CIRCULATION; ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; VERTICAL MOTION; LOW-FREQUENCY; OCEAN FRONTS AB [ 1] From April 1995 to March 1997 a 450-km array of inverted echo sounders, horizontal electric field recorders, and current meters measured the horizontal and vertical structure of the current, temperature, and salinity fields associated with the Subantarctic Front (SAF) south of Australia. Synoptic maps of the temperature and velocity fields often show the SAF divided into two zonally separated jets, which are also found in the mean. These jets were in close proximity yet directed toward different azimuths. The daily maps also show that the SAF often flowed as a single strong jet, during which times it underwent vigorous meandering, with crest-to-trough meridional distances similar to 250 km. These meanders stalled within the array and contorted to form "S''-shaped paths. In one case a cold-core ring was formed. Propagating meanders have periods of 20 - 70 days, wavelengths of 240 - 420 km, and phase speeds of 12 - 6 km d(-1). Deep currents reveal strong cyclones and anticyclones propagating primarily eastward through the array beneath the meandering jet. Thus, at times the deep flow is aligned with the upper flow, whereas at other times, significant barotropic flows cross the upper front. Occasionally, the northern Polar Front was also found within the array. The observed variability illustrates how the interaction of a meandering current with transient features such as meanders and eddies makes the identification of a front difficult when a single isotherm or isopycnal is utilized as the definition. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tracey, KL (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ktracey@gso.uri.edu RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C10 AR C10016 DI 10.1029/2005JC002905 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 100WP UT WOS:000241701200001 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Zhang, JZ AF Huang, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Surfactant-sensitized malachite green method for trace determination of orthophosphate in aqueous solution SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE orthophosphate determination; malachite green; interference; organic phosphorus; hydrolysis; silicate; arsenate; spectrophotometry; surfactant ID PHOSPHOANTIMONYLMOLYBDENUM BLUE METHOD; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; NATURAL-WATERS; DETERMINING PHOSPHATE; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; MOLYBDENUM BLUE; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; ULTRATRACE ANALYSIS; LAKE WATER AB A surfactant-sensitized spectrophotometric method for determination of trace orthophosphate has been developed using anion surfactant (Ultrawet 60 L) with molybdate and malachite green in low acidic medium (pH(T) 1.0). The method detection limit (3 x standard deviation of blank, n = 10) was 8 nM and the calibration curve was linear over a range of 10-400 nM (r(2) = 0.997). The molar absorptivity was 1.26 x 105 L mol(-1) cm(-1) at 600 nm with the background correction at 530 nm. The precision of method was 3.4% at 50 nM and 2.4% at 100 nM orthophosphate (n = 10). The hydrolysis of eight organic phosphorus and polyphosphate compounds was less than 2% of the total phosphorus present (5-10 mu M). This method showed less arsenate interference than previous methods, with only 3% even in the presence of orthophosphate in the samples. No interference of silicate up to 40 mu M was observed. Background anions (in an order Of SO42- > NO3- > Cl-) have greater effects than cations (Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+) on the reagent blank and the molar absorptivity of the color product. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xiaolan.huang@noaa.gov RI Huang, Xiao-Lan/A-9867-2008; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 580 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.046 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 100YM UT WOS:000241706100009 PM 17723756 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Shpyrko, OG Pershan, PS Shin, K Russell, TP AF Alvine, Kyle J. Shpyrko, Oleg G. Pershan, Peter S. Shin, Kyusoon Russell, Thomas P. TI Capillary filling of anodized alumina nanopore arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURE; LIQUID-FILMS; X-RAY; CONDENSATION; PORE; PERFORMANCE AB The filling behavior of a room temperature solvent, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, in approximately 20 nm nanoporous alumina membranes was investigated in situ with small angle x-ray scattering. Adsorption in the pores was controlled reversibly by varying the chemical potential between the sample and a liquid reservoir via a thermal offset, Delta T. The system exhibited a pronounced hysteretic capillary filling transition as liquid was condensed into the nanopores. These results are compared with Kelvin-Cohan theory, with a modified Derjaguin approximation, as well as with predictions by Cole and Saam. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Alvine, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalvine@post.harvard.edu RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 17 AR 175503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.175503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 099IL UT WOS:000241586800039 PM 17155482 ER PT J AU Andersen, MF Ryu, C Clade, P Natarajan, V Vaziri, A Helmerson, K Phillips, WD AF Andersen, M. F. Ryu, C. Clade, Pierre Natarajan, Vasant Vaziri, A. Helmerson, K. Phillips, W. D. TI Quantized rotation of atoms from photons with orbital angular momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LIGHT; LASER; PARTICLES; VORTICES; STATES AB We demonstrate the coherent transfer of the orbital angular momentum of a photon to an atom in quantized units of h, using a 2-photon stimulated Raman process with Laguerre-Gaussian beams to generate an atomic vortex state in a Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium atoms. We show that the process is coherent by creating superpositions of different vortex states, where the relative phase between the states is determined by the relative phases of the optical fields. Furthermore, we create vortices of charge 2 by transferring to each atom the orbital angular momentum of two photons. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natarajan, V (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Andersen, Mikkel/B-3806-2012; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 37 TC 260 Z9 261 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 17 AR 170406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.170406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 099IL UT WOS:000241586800007 PM 17155450 ER PT J AU Theodore, M Sobczyk, M Simons, J AF Theodore, Magali Sobczyk, Monika Simons, Jack TI Cleavage of thymine N-3-H bonds by low-energy electrons attached to base pi* orbitals SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thymine; DNA damage; shape resonance; metastable anion ID MODEL DNA FRAGMENTS; STRAND BREAKS; DAMAGE AB In this work, we extend our earlier studies on single strand break (SSB) formation in DNA to consider the possibility of cleaving a thymine N-3-H bond to generate a nitrogen-centered anion and a hydrogen radical which might proceed to induce further bond cleavages. In earlier studies, we considered SSBs induced by low-energy electrons that attach to DNA bases' pi* orbitals or to phosphate P=O pi* orbitals to cleave sugar-phosphate C-O bonds or base-sugar NI-C bonds. We also studied the effects of base pi-stacking oil the rates of such bond cleavages. To date, our results suggest that sugar phosphate C-O bonds have the lowest barriers to cleavage, that attachment of electrons with energies below 2 eV most likely occurs at the base pi* orbitals, that electrons with energy above 2 eV can also attach to phosphate P=O pi* orbitals, and that base pi stacking has a modest but slowing effect on the rates of SSB formation. However, we had not yet examined the possibility that base N-3-H bonds could rupture subsequent to base pi* orbital capture. In the present work, the latter possibility is considered and it is found that the barrier to cleavage of the N-3-H bond in thymine is considerably higher than for cleaving sugar-phosphate C-O bonds, so our prediction that SSB formation is dominated by C-O bond cleavage remains intact. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Henry Eyring Ctr Theoret Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simons, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM simons@chemistry.utah.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 329 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.05.012 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 099EE UT WOS:000241574500015 ER PT J AU Jordanova, VK Miyoshi, YS Zaharia, S Thomsen, MF Reeves, GD Evans, DS Mouikis, CG Fennell, JF AF Jordanova, V. K. Miyoshi, Y. S. Zaharia, S. Thomsen, M. F. Reeves, G. D. Evans, D. S. Mouikis, C. G. Fennell, J. F. TI Kinetic simulations of ring current evolution during the Geospace Environment Modeling challenge events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC ION COMPOSITION; RICE CONVECTION MODEL; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; CYCLOTRON WAVES; PROTON AB [ 1] We investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the ring current during two storms selected for study by the Geospace Environment Modeling ( GEM) program using our kinetic drift-loss model coupled with a time-dependent plasmasphere model. We use geosynchronous data from LANL satellites to model the inflow of plasma from the magnetotail. We compare results from simulations using either Volland-Stern ( VS) or Weimer (W01) model of the convection electric field and investigate the relative effect of magnetospheric convection and radial diffusion on the storm-time injection and trapping of energetic particles and ring current asymmetry. Model comparisons with in situ Cluster, NOAA, and Polar energetic particle observations show overall better agreement with W01 than with VS model. On the other hand, VS model reproduced better the evolution of the plasmapause as observed by IMAGE. Additional ring current ion injections caused by radial diffusion near Dst minima improved the agreement with observations. Radial diffusion did not affect much ring current buildup during the main phase of the storms and the ring current fluxes remained asymmetric, in good agreement with NOAA data. We calculated the excitation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves self-consistently with the evolving plasma populations, and the resulting precipitating fluxes of resonant protons. These fluxes increased significantly within regions of enhanced plasma wave excitation near the plasmapause or inside plasmaspheric plumes and reduced the total H+ energy by similar to 10% during the storm recovery phase. Initial results from self-consistent magnetic field calculations are presented as well. We found that while the magnitude of the ring current fluxes was reduced when adiabatic drifts in a self-consistent magnetic field were calculated, their morphology was not affected significantly and the local time of the equatorial flux peaks remained almost unchanged. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Jordanova, VK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vania@lanl.gov RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 64 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11S10 DI 10.1029/2006JA011644 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 100WX UT WOS:000241702000001 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Reyes, DR Gaitan, M Locascio, LE AF Forry, Samuel P. Reyes, Darwin R. Gaitan, Michael Locascio, Laurie E. TI Cellular immobilization within microfluidic microenvironments: Dielectrophoresis with polyelectrolyte multilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE CELLS; YEAST-CELLS; SEPARATION; GROWTH; CHIP; MICROPARTICLES; MANIPULATION; MOLECULES; CULTURE; DESIGN C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 42 BP 13678 EP 13679 DI 10.1021/ja0627951 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 096EL UT WOS:000241360100014 PM 17044682 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. TI Distinguishability of N composition profiles in SiON films on Si by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON OXYNITRIDE FILMS; DEPTH-PROFILE; DIELECTRIC LAYERS; ELECTRON-SPECTRA; XPS; MICROELECTRONICS; SIMULATION; SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN AB Photoelectron intensities of N 1s and O 1s peaks at selected emission angles are reported for a SiON film on Si with different assumed amounts and distributions of N in the film. The intensities were determined from an efficient simulation tool for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that incorporates appropriate values of elastic- and inelastic-scattering parameters in each region of the specimen as well as the finite angular acceptance of the analyzer. Appreciable dispersion of the intensities was found only for the N 1s peak at an emission angle of 75 degrees (with respect to the surface normal). Conventional analyses of angle-resolved XPS data that include such large emission angles are unlikely to be valid due to angle-dependent changes of the attenuation length. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 17 AR 172101 DI 10.1063/1.2363955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099IB UT WOS:000241585800049 ER PT J AU Andronache, C Gronholm, T Laakso, L Phillips, V Venalainen, A AF Andronache, C. Gronholm, T. Laakso, L. Phillips, V. Venalainen, A. TI Scavenging of ultrafine particles by rainfall at a boreal site: observations and model estimations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; WATER DROPS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; HYGROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR; PARTICULATE MATTER; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; TRACE GASES AB Values of the scavenging coefficient determined from observations of ultrafine particles ( with diameters in the range 10 - 510 nm) during rain events at a boreal forest site in Southern Finland between 1996 and 2001 were reported by Laakso et al. (2003a). The estimated range of the median values of the scavenging coefficient was [ 7 x 10(-6)- 4 x 10(-5)] s(-1), which is generally higher than model calculations based only on below-cloud processes (Brownian diffusion, interception, and typical phoretic and charge effects). In the present study, in order to interpret these observed data on scavenging coefficients from Laakso et al. ( 2003a), we use a model that includes below-cloud scavenging processes, mixing of ultrafine particles from the boundary layer (BL) into cloud, followed by cloud condensation nuclei activation and in-cloud removal by rainfall. The range of effective scavenging coefficient predicted by the new model, corresponding to wide ranges of values of its input parameters, are compared with observations. Results show that ultrafine particle removal by rain depends on aerosol size, rainfall intensity, mixing processes between BL and cloud elements, in-cloud scavenged fraction, in-cloud collection efficiency, and in-cloud coagulation with cloud droplets. The scavenging coefficients predicted by the new model are found to be significantly sensitive to the choice of representation of: ( 1) mixing processes; ( 2) raindrop size distribution; ( 3) phoretic effects in aerosol-raindrop collisions; and ( 4) cloud droplet activation. Implications for future studies of BL ultrafine particles scavenging are discussed. C1 Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Andronache, C (reprint author), Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM andronac@bc.edu RI Andronache, Constantin/C-4431-2011 OI Andronache, Constantin/0000-0001-5375-7056 NR 72 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 23 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 4739 EP 4754 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098RW UT WOS:000241541500002 ER PT J AU Sydeman, WJ Bradley, RW Warzybok, P Abraham, CL Jahncke, J Hyrenbach, KD Kousky, V Hipfner, JM Ohman, MD AF Sydeman, William J. Bradley, Russell W. Warzybok, Pete Abraham, Christine L. Jahncke, Jaime Hyrenbach, K. David Kousky, Vernon Hipfner, J. Mark Ohman, Mark D. TI Planktivorous auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus responses to ocean climate, 2005: Unusual atmospheric blocking? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; MARINE BIRDS; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES; SEABIRD; DIET AB [ 1] In spring-summer 2005, anomalous atmospheric-oceanographic coupling caused unprecedented reproductive failures and redistribution of a planktivorous marine bird in both central California ( 37 degrees N) and southern British Columbia ( 50 degrees N). At SE Farallon Island, CA, the birds abandoned the breeding colony en masse between 10-20 May, a unique behavioral response; for the first time in 35 years, reproductive success was zero. At Triangle Island, B. C., only 8% of the nesting pairs were successful, the worst year on record. Surveys of birds at sea revealed a peak in relative abundance south of Point Conception ( 34 degrees N) in summer and fall, suggestive of emigration from the north. Prey ( euphausiid crustacean) biomass in the Gulf of the Farallones was reduced, but remained high south of Point Conception. Change in predator and prey may be explained, in part, by unusual atmospheric blocking in the Gulf of Alaska in May, which caused the jet stream to shift southwards resulting in poor upwelling-favorable winds and anomalously warm SST. This study demonstrates the deleterious consequences of this climate event for a top marine predator in the central-northern California Current System. C1 PRBO Conservat Serv, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sydeman, WJ (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Serv, Marine Ecol Div, 3820 Cypress Dr No 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM wsydeman@prbo.org RI Ohman, Mark/C-8763-2009 NR 26 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22S09 DI 10.1029/2006GL026736 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 100UQ UT WOS:000241695200001 ER PT J AU Monti, OLA Baker, TA Nesbitt, DJ AF Monti, Oliver L. A. Baker, Thomas A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Imaging nanostructures with scanning photoionization microscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ORGANIC THIN-FILMS; 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; MULTIQUANTUM PHOTOCURRENT; ELECTRON TRANSMISSION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE MOLECULES; METAL-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES AB We report detailed studies of local electronic properties in nanostructured thin metallic films using scanning photoionization microscopy. This novel form of microscopy combines the advantages of diffraction-limited optical excitation with the ability to detect both photons and low kinetic energy photoelectrons, permitting sensitive characterization of heterogeneous surfaces under vacuum conditions. Using this technique, correlated measurements of multiphoton photoemission cross section and optical penetration depth are reported for Au films supported on Pt. These results present a first step toward combining confocal fluorescence or Raman microscopy with time-resolved photoelectron imaging spectroscopy in complex metal film environments, which should be ideally suited to investigating local plasmonic effects in nanostructures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Monti, OLA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, 1306 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 15 AR 154709 DI 10.1063/1.2354478 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 096VQ UT WOS:000241405300056 PM 17059285 ER PT J AU Li, B Brody, HD Black, DR Burdette, HE Rau, C AF Li, B. Brody, H. D. Black, D. R. Burdette, H. E. Rau, C. TI Real time observation of dendritic solidification in alloys by synchrotron microradiography SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY TRANSMISSION MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-COPPER ALLOYS; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; GROWTH; SITU; TIN AB A third generation synchrotron x-ray source and advanced imaging facilities were used to study dendritic solidification in metallic alloys in real time. A digital camera and a video camera with different time and spatial resolution were tested to capture growing dendrites during solidification of Sn-13 wt% Bi and Al-25 wt% Cu alloys. The captured digital images show that the morphology of the dendrites can be resolved with satisfactory resolution and contrast. The trade-off between spatial resolution and time resolution was discussed. The effect of beam characteristics such as intensity, parallelism and coherency on both spatial and time resolution was analysed, and potential improvements with higher image quality with reduced exposure time were also discussed. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 20 BP 4450 EP 4456 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/20/023 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 098SK UT WOS:000241542900024 ER PT J AU Chigbu, P Suchar, VA AF Chigbu, Paulinus Suchar, Vasile A. TI Isolation and culture of the marine rotifer, Colurella dicentra (Gosse, 1887), from a Mississippi Gulf Coast estuary SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colurella dicentra; culture; growth rate; salinity; Mississippi ID SYNCHAETA-CECILIA-VALENTINA; LIFE-HISTORY; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS; FOOD-LEVEL; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; MONOGONONTA; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; NIGERIA AB Few marine rotifer species (e.g. Encentrum linheii and Synchaeta cecilia) have been cultured successfully besides Brachionus plicatilis and B. rotundiformis, commonly used to rear larvae of many marine fish species. The development of culture techniques for marine rotifers smaller in size than the Brachionus species may be useful for rearing fish species for which the currently used prey are too large. We evaluated the possibility of culturing Colurella dicentra isolated from a Mississippi Gulf Coast estuary. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity (10-35 g L-1) on its population growth rate. Rotifers were fed Nannochloropsis oculata at a density of 100 000 cells mL(-1) for 15 days. Colurella dicentra survived in water with a salinity of 10-47 g L-1. Densities of up to 300 rotifers mL(-1) were sometimes attained in cultures. Salinity influenced C. dicentra production (P < 0.001). The mean rotifer numbers at 10 g L-1 (22 840 +/- 2604 SD), 15 g L-1 (25 980 +/- 7071 SD) and 20 g L-1 (19 780 +/- 1029 SD) at the end of the experiment were similar (P > 0.05), but were higher (P=0.05) than numbers at 25 g L-1 (4240 +/- 1783), 30 g L-1 (1300 +/- 264 SD) and 35 g L-1 (100 +/- 101 SD). The population growth rate (r) of the rotifers was the highest at 15 g L-1 (0.37-0.42 day(-1)), and the lowest at 35 g L-1 (-0.33-0.06 day(-1)). This is the first report of C. dicentra in the estuarine waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and also the first time it has been cultured successfully. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Sci Program, Jackson, MS USA. RP Chigbu, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Carver Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM pchigbu@umes.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 14 BP 1400 EP 1405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01572.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 092PT UT WOS:000241110500002 ER PT J AU Beletsky, D Schwab, D McCormick, M AF Beletsky, Dmitry Schwab, David McCormick, Michael TI Modeling the 1998-2003 summer circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GREAT-LAKES; WAVES; LAYER AB [1] A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to Lake Michigan on a 2 km grid for 6 consecutive years to study interannual variability of summer circulation and thermal structure in 1998-2003. The model results were compared to long-term observations of currents and temperature at seven moorings and two NOAA buoys. The accuracy of modeled currents improved considerably relative to previous summer circulation modeling done on a 5 km grid, while the accuracy of temperature simulations remained the same. Particle trajectory model results were also compared with satellite-tracked surface drifter observations. Large-scale circulation patterns tend to be more cyclonic (counterclockwise) toward the end of summer as the thermocline deepens and density effects become more important. Circulation in southern Lake Michigan appears to be more variable than circulation in northern Lake Michigan. An important new feature not previously seen in observations was found in southern Lake Michigan: an anticyclonic gyre extending northward from the southern shore of Lake Michigan, sometimes occupying the entire southern basin. C1 Univ Michigan, CILER, SNRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CILER, SNRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dima.beletsky@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C10 AR C10010 DI 10.1029/2005JC003222 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 100UX UT WOS:000241696000002 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Paik, U Hackley, VA Choi, YM AF Lee, Jin-Hyon Paik, Ungyu Hackley, Vincent A. Choi, Young-Min TI Effect of poly(acrylic acid) on adhesion strength and electrochemical performance of natural graphite negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium-ion battery; aqueous dispersion; graphite anode; adhesion strength; polyacrylic acid; tape-casting ID CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; ADSORPTION AB High-capacity natural graphite negative electrodes for use in prismatic lithium-ion batteries are fabricated from an aqueous suspension precursor. The effects of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on suspension stability and the resulting mechanical properties of the electrodes are investigated. Precursor suspensions consisting of graphite particles, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), emulsified styrene-butadiene (SB) copolymer latex and PAA are prepared in an aqueous medium and tape-cast on to a copper foil. The addition of PAA enhances the stability of the suspension at low shear rates without compromising the solvent-thickening effect of CMC. Peel test results showed that the adhesion strength of the graphite electrode on the copper substrate is significantly improved by PAA. Graphite negative electrodes fabricated using PAA are characterized by gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of more than 340 mAh g(-1) and 560 mAh cm(-3), respectively. The PAA formulation also leads to improved cycle life, with a discharge capacity exceeding 90% of initial capacity after 500 cycles. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Div Adv Mat Sci Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mat Lab, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Paik, U (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Div Adv Mat Sci Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM upaik@hanyang.ac.kr OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 11 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 10 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 1 BP 612 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.087 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 096YE UT WOS:000241412000077 ER PT J AU Bortolotti, DCE Ronen, S Bohn, JL Blume, D AF Bortolotti, D. C. E. Ronen, S. Bohn, J. L. Blume, D. TI Scattering length instability in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We predict a new kind of instability in a Bose-Einstein condensate composed of dipolar particles. Namely, a comparatively weak dipole moment can produce a large, negative two-body scattering length that can collapse the Bose-Einstein condensate. To verify this effect, we validate mean-field solutions to this problem using exact, diffusion Monte Carlo methods. We show that the diffusion Monte Carlo energies are reproduced accurately within a mean-field framework if the variation of the s-wave scattering length with the dipole strength is accounted for properly. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. INFM, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Univ Florence, LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. RP Bortolotti, DCE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ronen, Shai/B-7940-2008 OI Ronen, Shai/0000-0002-2239-2397 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 16 AR 160402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.160402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 096VR UT WOS:000241405400003 PM 17155376 ER PT J AU Fortier, TM Le Coq, Y Stalnaker, JE Ortega, D Diddams, SA Oates, CW Hollberg, L AF Fortier, T. M. Le Coq, Y. Stalnaker, J. E. Ortega, D. Diddams, S. A. Oates, C. W. Hollberg, L. TI Kilohertz-resolution spectroscopy of cold atoms with an optical frequency comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; REPETITION RATE; LIGHT-PULSES; STABILIZATION; GENERATION; ABSORPTION; LINEWIDTHS; METROLOGY AB We have performed sub-Doppler spectroscopy on the narrow intercombination line of cold calcium atoms using the amplified output of a femtosecond laser frequency comb. Injection locking of a 657-nm diode laser with a femtosecond comb allows for two regimes of amplification, one in which many lines of the comb are amplified, and one where a single line is predominantly amplified. The output of the laser in both regimes was used to perform kilohertz-level spectroscopy. This experiment demonstrates the potential for high-resolution absolute-frequency spectroscopy over the entire spectrum of the frequency comb output using a single high-finesse optical reference cavity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys P23, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 16 AR 163905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.163905 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 096VR UT WOS:000241405400025 PM 17155398 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Anomalous transparency of water-air interface for low-frequency sound SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SONIC-BOOM PENETRATION; VARIABLE DEPTH; OCEAN; NOISE; TRANSMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT; LAYER AB Sound transmission through a water-air interface is normally weak because of a strong mass density contrast. We show that the transparency of the interface increases dramatically at low frequencies. Almost all acoustic energy emitted by a sufficiently shallow monopole source under water is predicted to be radiated into air. Increased transparency at lower frequencies is due to the increasing role of inhomogeneous waves. For sources symmetric with respect to a horizontal plane, transparency is further increased by a destructive interference of direct and surface-reflected waves under water. The phenomenon of anomalous transparency has significant geophysical and biological implications. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 16 AR 164301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.164301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 096VR UT WOS:000241405400027 ER PT J AU Baum, HR Fendell, F AF Baum, Howard R. Fendell, Frank TI Operational hurricane intensity forecasting SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Baum, HR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5798 BP 419 EP 419 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096MW UT WOS:000241382500018 PM 17053129 ER PT J AU Kartalev, M Dryer, M Grigorov, K Stoimenova, E AF Kartalev, M. Dryer, M. Grigorov, K. Stoimenova, E. TI Solar wind polytropic index estimates based on single spacecraft plasma and interplanetary magnetic field measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SHOCK; FLUCTUATIONS; MODELS; CLOUDS; WAVE; THERMODYNAMICS; PROTONS; FLUID AB [1] We propose an approach for estimating the polytropic index in the solar wind. This is an artificially introduced parameter simplifying essentially the gasdynamic or magnetogasdynamic modeling of the interplanetary plasma. The problem in the straightforward utilization of the polytropic equation is to find sufficient homogeneous fragments of the solar wind flow, observed by single spacecraft only, where the application of this polytropic equation is correct. We propose an algorithm for following the plasma data time series to ensure the separation of data segments that belong, with high probability, to the same plasma flow flux tube. A linear regression model between logarithms of plasma density and temperature within such a segment provides an estimate for the polytropic index. Some preliminary applications of the algorithm to real data from spacecraft crossings of different solar wind structures are performed for the Bastille event of 14 - 16 July 2000. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Geospace Hydrodynam Lab, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Math, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Kartalev, M (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Geospace Hydrodynam Lab, Acad G Bontchev Str,Block 4, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM kartalev@geospace4.imbm.bas.bg NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A10 AR A10107 DI 10.1029/2006JA011760 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 100VK UT WOS:000241697500015 ER PT J AU Reichle, R Leibfried, D Knill, E Britton, J Blakestad, RB Jost, JD Langer, C Ozeri, R Seidelin, S Wineland, DJ AF Reichle, R. Leibfried, D. Knill, E. Britton, J. Blakestad, R. B. Jost, J. D. Langer, C. Ozeri, R. Seidelin, S. Wineland, D. J. TI Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-STATE; TELEPORTATION; CHANNELS; IONS AB Entanglement is a necessary resource for quantum applications entanglement established between quantum systems at different locations enables private communication(1) and quantum teleportation(2), and facilitates quantum information processing(3). Distributed entanglement is established by preparing an entangled pair of quantum particles in one location, and transporting one member of the pair to another location. However, decoherence during transport reduces the quality ( fidelity) of the entanglement. A protocol to achieve entanglement 'purification' has been proposed(4) to improve the fidelity after transport. This protocol uses separate quantum operations at each location and classical communication to distil high-fidelity entangled pairs from lower-fidelity pairs. Proof-of-principle experiments distilling entangled photon pairs have been carried out(5-9). However, these experiments obtained distilled pairs with a low probability of success and required destruction of the entangled pairs, rendering them unavailable for further processing. Here we report efficient and non-destructive entanglement purification(4) with atomic quantum bits. Two noisy entangled pairs were created and distilled into one higher-fidelity pair available for further use. Success probabilities were above 35 per cent. The many applications of entanglement purification make it one of the most important techniques in quantum information processing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 22 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7113 BP 838 EP 841 DI 10.1038/nature05146 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096FJ UT WOS:000241362700047 PM 17051214 ER PT J AU Hsieh, CH Reiss, CS Hunter, JR Beddington, JR May, RM Sugihara, G AF Hsieh, Chih-hao Reiss, Christian S. Hunter, John R. Beddington, John R. May, Robert M. Sugihara, George TI Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AGE STRUCTURE; GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE FISH; COD; RECRUITMENT; IMPACTS AB The separation of the effects of environmental variability from the impacts of fishing has been elusive, but is essential for sound fisheries management(1-7). We distinguish environmental effects from fishing effects by comparing the temporal variability of exploited versus unexploited fish stocks living in the same environments. Using the unique suite of 50-year-long larval fish surveys from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations(4) we analyse fishing as a treatment effect in a long-term ecological experiment. Here we present evidence from the marine environment that exploited species exhibit higher temporal variability in abundance than unexploited species. This remains true after accounting for life-history effects, abundance, ecological traits and phylogeny. The increased variability of exploited populations is probably caused by fishery-induced truncation of the age structure, which reduces the capacity of populations to buffer environmental events(1,5,8,9). Therefore, to avoid collapse, fisheries must be managed not only to sustain the total viable biomass but also to prevent the significant truncation of age structure(1,5,8,9). The double jeopardy of fishing to potentially deplete stock sizes and, more immediately, to amplify the peaks and valleys of population variability(7), calls for a precautionary management approach(10,11). C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Nat Sci, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Sugihara, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsugihara@ucsd.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 NR 30 TC 265 Z9 273 U1 3 U2 80 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7113 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1038/nature05232 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096FJ UT WOS:000241362700052 PM 17051218 ER PT J AU Akman, N Durgun, E Yildirim, T Ciraci, S AF Akman, N. Durgun, E. Yildirim, T. Ciraci, S. TI Hydrogen storage capacity of titanium met-cars SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO; METALLO-CARBOHEDRENES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TI8C12; TI; METALLOCARBOHEDRENES; CLUSTERS AB The adsorption of hydrogen molecules on the titanium metallocarbohedryne (met-car) cluster has been investigated by using the first-principles plane wave method. We have found that, while a single Ti atom at the corner can bind up to three hydrogen molecules, a single Ti atom on the surface of the cluster can bind only one hydrogen molecule. Accordingly, a Ti8C12 met-car can bind up to 16 H-2 molecules and hence can be considered as a high-capacity hydrogen storage medium. Strong interaction between two met-car clusters leading to the dimer formation can affect H-2 storage capacity slightly. Increasing the storage capacity by directly inserting H-2 into the met-car or by functionalizing it with an Na atom have been explored. It is found that the insertion of neither an H-2 molecule nor an Na atom could further promote the H-2 storage capacity of a Ti8C12 cluster. We have also tested the stability of the H-2-adsorbed Ti8C12 metcar with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations which have been carried out at room temperature. C1 Mersin Univ, Dept Phys, TR-33342 Mersin, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Akman, N (reprint author), Mersin Univ, Dept Phys, TR-33342 Mersin, Turkey. EM ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 41 BP 9509 EP 9517 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/41/017 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 094ZL UT WOS:000241277900022 ER PT J AU Vecchione, M Young, RE AF Vecchione, Michael Young, Richard E. TI The squid family Magnapinnidae (Mollusca : Cephalopoda) in the Atlantic Ocean, with a description of a new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB We describe here Magnapinna. atlantica, a new species of oegopsid squid in the Magnapinnidae. This is the second described species in the family. The new species is based on two specimens, one of which is in excellent condition. This species has the following characters that are unique within the family: Tentacles more slender than adjacent arms, and proximal region of tentacles without suckers and bearing large glandular swellings. A third species is described but not named due to the poor condition of the squid. We also transfer Mastigoteuthis talismani to the Magnapinnidae, along with another squid, long known in the literature but incorrectly identified. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu; ryoung@hawaii.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 3 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[365:TSFMMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 101AA UT WOS:000241710100004 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, A Cefali, E Spadaro, S Patane, S Allegrini, M Albert, D Oesterschulze, E AF Ambrosio, A. Cefali, E. Spadaro, S. Patane, S. Allegrini, M. Albert, D. Oesterschulze, E. TI Noncontact tuning fork position sensing for hollow-pyramid near-field cantilevered probes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; ETCHED FIBER TIPS; APERTURE TIPS; SILICON; LIGHT; FABRICATION; EXPANSION; SCALE; FILMS; SNOM AB We demonstrate that tuning fork sensing provides a stable, noncontact mode of operation when applied to near-field optical microscopy employing cantilevered probes. Detrimental damping effects that have so far limited the practical use of these otherwise very advantageous probes are totally overcome. We validate our tuning fork setup featuring hollow-pyramid probes by an optical nanolithography application. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, CNR, INFM, CRS COHERENTIA, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fisiche Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Kashmir, Phys Tech Inst, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Ambrosio, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, CNR, INFM, CRS COHERENTIA, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM tony@na.infn.it; patanes@unime.it RI Patane, Salvatore/F-3894-2011; Ambrosio, Antonio/C-7802-2014; OI Ambrosio, Antonio/0000-0002-8519-3862; Spadaro, Salvatore/0000-0002-4100-1726; Patane, Salvatore/0000-0003-2517-0236 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 16 AR 163108 DI 10.1063/1.2362588 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096VP UT WOS:000241405200087 ER PT J AU Zhou, XB Kapteyn, H Murnane, M AF Zhou, Xibin Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret TI Positive-dispersion cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire laser oscillator and its application to white light generation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LOCKED TI-AL2O3 LASER; MULTIPLE-PASS CAVITY; REPETITION-RATE; MICROJOULE FRONTIER; PULSES; AMPLIFIER AB We demonstrate for the first time that up to 0.45 mu J pulses can be obtained from a cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire oscillator stably operating in the positive dispersion regime. The output pulse can be compressed to 60 fs and used to generate a white light continuum through self-filamentation in a thin sapphire plate. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhou, XB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu RI Zhou, Xibin/C-1316-2011; Zhou, Xibin/B-5544-2009; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 21 BP 9750 EP 9757 DI 10.1364/OE.14.009750 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098JS UT WOS:000241517400023 PM 19529365 ER PT J AU Romero, I Aizpurua, J Bryant, GW de Abajo, FJG AF Romero, Isabel Aizpurua, Javier Bryant, Garnett W. Garcia de Abajo, F. Javier TI Plasmons in nearly touching metallic nanoparticles: singular response in the limit of touching dimers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; PARTICLE PAIRS; SCATTERING; SPHERES; DIELECTRICS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES AB The response of gold nanoparticle dimers is studied theoretically near and beyond the limit where the particles are touching. As the particles approach each other, a dominant dipole feature is observed that is pushed into the infrared due to interparticle coupling and that is associated with a large pileup of induced charge in the interparticle gap. The redshift becomes singular as the particle separation decreases. The response weakens for very small separation when the coupling across the interparticle gap becomes so strong that dipolar oscillations across the pair are inhibited. Lower-wavelength, higher-order modes show a similar separation dependence in nearly touching dimers. After touching, singular behavior is observed through the emergence of a new infrared absorption peak, also accompanied by huge charge pileup at the interparticle junction, if initial interparticle-contact is made at a single point. This new mode is distinctly different from the lowest mode of the separated dimer. When the junction is made by contact between flat surfaces, charge at the junction is neutralized and mode evolution is continuous through contact. The calculated singular response explains recent experiments on metallic nanoparticle dimers and is relevant in the design of nanoparticle-based sensors and plasmon circuits. C1 DIPC, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, Inst Opt, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Romero, I (reprint author), DIPC, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. RI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; NR 44 TC 452 Z9 454 U1 11 U2 148 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 21 BP 9988 EP 9999 DI 10.1364/OE.14.009988 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098JS UT WOS:000241517400051 PM 19529393 ER PT J AU Hoebel, SJ Balss, KM Jones, BJ Malliaris, CD Munson, MS Vreeland, WN Ross, D AF Hoebel, Stacey J. Balss, Karin M. Jones, Barbara J. Malliaris, Constantin D. Munson, Matthew S. Vreeland, Wyatt N. Ross, David TI Scanning temperature gradient focusing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; PROTEINS; ANALYTES AB Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently developed technique for the simultaneous concentration and electrophoretic separation of ionic analytes in microfluidic channels. One drawback to TGF as it has previously been described is the limited peak capacity; only a small number of analyte peaks ( similar to 2- 3) can be simultaneously focused and separated. In this paper, we report on a variation of the TGF method whereby the bulk flow rate is varied over time so that a large number of analytes can be sequentially focused, moved past a fixed detection point, and flushed to waste. In addition to improved peak capacity, the detection limits of the scanning TGF method can be adjusted on-the-fly, as needed for different samples. Finally, scanning TGF provides a technique by which high-resolution, high-peak-capacity electrophoretic separations can be performed in simple, straight, and short microfluidic channels. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 20 BP 7186 EP 7190 DI 10.1021/ac060934r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 094DO UT WOS:000241219800015 PM 17037919 ER PT J AU Gledhill, DK Morse, JW AF Gledhill, Dwight K. Morse, John W. TI Calcite solubility in Na-Ca-Mg-Cl brines SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcite; brine; solubility; carbonate; carbon sequestration ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ELECTROLYTES; 25-DEGREES-C; THERMODYNAMICS; 90-DEGREES-C; ARAGONITE; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB This study investigated calcite solubility approached from undersaturation in geologically relevant Na-Ca-Mg-Cl synthetic brines (35 to 200g 1(-1) TDS) at CO2 partial pressures of similar to 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0bar at 25 degrees C. Total carbon dioxide content, total alkalinity and total calcium content were measured and the carbonic acid species distribution and ion activities calculated using the Pitzer equation-based program EQPITZER. Stoichiometric (pK*(sp)) equilibrium constants ranged from 6.4 to 4.8, decreasing with increasing brine TDS. In general, good agreement was found between measured and predicted solubility data. Evaluation of the Ca2+ and CO32- activity coefficients with EQPITZER in brines < 100 g 1(-1) TDS yields a mean value of the thermodynamic pK(sp) = 8.41 +/- 0.12 in good agreement with literature data (8.48 +/- 0.02). However, in more concentrated brines the values systematically decreased to 8.11 +/- 0.02 in the most calcium-rich brines. The deviation was strongly correlated with calcium ion activity and was also observed in magnesium-free solutions. The error can be interpreted as the result of an uncertainty in the calculated activity of the carbonate ion, which occurs in exceedingly low concentrations in these calcium-lich, high pCO(2) brines. As a result, calculated calcite saturation states may erroneously suggest in excess of a 2-fold supersaturation in the most concentrated brines. This should be a consideration in kinetic studies where precise knowledge of near-equilibrium saturation states is critical in evaluating reaction rate constants and reaction orders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gledhill, DK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, E-RA3 SSMC 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dwight.gledhill@NOAA.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.03.006 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093FY UT WOS:000241154700005 ER PT J AU You, J Landrum, PF Lydy, MJ AF You, Jing Landrum, Peter F. Lydy, Michael J. TI Comparison of chemical approaches for assessing bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LABORATORY-SPIKED SEDIMENTS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; CONTACT TIME; TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS; DESORPTION-KINETICS; OLIGOCHAETE; EXTRACTION AB Two chemical approaches, Tenax extraction and matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME), were compared to assess the bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants from sediment. Hexachlorobiphenyl, DDE, permethrin, chlorpyrifos, and phenanthrene were individually spiked into two sediments differing in physical characteristics. Bioaccumulation was determined by exposing the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, to the spiked sediments. The rapidly desorbing fraction from Tenax extraction at 6 h and fiber concentration at 14 d from the matrix-SPME were compared for predicting bioaccumulation. Further, a comparison between laboratory-spiked and field-contaminated sediments was conducted. A regression between the rapidly desorbed sediment concentration at 6 h and the amount bioaccumulated across compounds and sediments described 94% of the variation in the data when phenanthrene was excluded. Phenanthrene was excluded because of complications due to a combination of biotransformation and rapid elimination during the sampling process. Contaminant accumulation by L. variegatus also correlated well with matrix-SPME fiber concentrations, accounting for 92% of the variation in the data, again excluding phenanthrene. Both chemical methods provided matrix- and chemical-independent estimations of bioaccumulation for hydrophobic contaminants without extensive biotransformation. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 171 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu RI You, Jing/A-6201-2009 OI You, Jing/0000-0002-4006-8339 NR 32 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 6348 EP 6353 DI 10.1021/es060830y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093TM UT WOS:000241192600030 PM 17120564 ER PT J AU Vera, C Higgins, W Amador, J Ambrizzi, T Garreaud, R Gochis, D Gutzler, D Lettenmaier, D Marengo, J Mechoso, CR Nogues-Paegle, J Dias, PLS Zhang, C AF Vera, C. Higgins, W. Amador, J. Ambrizzi, T. Garreaud, R. Gochis, D. Gutzler, D. Lettenmaier, D. Marengo, J. Mechoso, C. R. Nogues-Paegle, J. Silva Dias, P. L. Zhang, C. TI Toward a unified view of the American Monsoon Systems SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Climate Variability and Predictability Science Conference (CLIVAR) CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP World Climat Res Program ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; LOW-LEVEL JET; PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN AB An important goal of the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) research on the American monsoon systems is to determine the sources and limits of predictability of warm season precipitation, with emphasis on weekly to interannual time scales. This paper reviews recent progress in the understanding of the American monsoon systems and identifies some of the future challenges that remain to improve warm season climate prediction. Much of the recent progress is derived from complementary international programs in North and South America, namely, the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) and the Monsoon Experiment South America (MESA), with the following common objectives: 1) to understand the key components of the American monsoon systems and their variability, 2) to determine the role of these systems in the global water cycle, 3) to improve observational datasets, and 4) to improve simulation and monthly-to-seasonal prediction of the monsoons and regional water resources. Among the recent observational advances highlighted in this paper are new insights into moisture transport processes, description of the structure and variability of the South American low-level jet, and resolution of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in the core monsoon regions. NAME and MESA are also driving major efforts in model development and hydrologic applications. Incorporated into the postfield phases of these projects are assessments of atmosphere-land surface interactions and model-based climate predictability experiments. As CLIVAR research on American monsoon systems evolves, a unified view of the climatic processes modulating continental warm season precipitation is beginning to emerge. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, CIMA, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAP, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. INPE, CPTEC, Cochoeira Paulista, Brazil. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vera, C (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, CIMA, Pab 2,2do Piso,Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM carolina@cima.fcen.uba.ar RI Marengo, Jose /J-9382-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Ambrizzi, Tercio/A-4636-2008; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016; Garreaud, Rene/I-6298-2016; OI Marengo, Jose /0000-0002-8154-2762; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962; Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443 NR 167 TC 263 Z9 278 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 20 BP 4977 EP 5000 DI 10.1175/JCLI3896.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101QQ UT WOS:000241755900002 ER PT J AU Hegerl, GC Karl, TR Allen, M Bindoff, NL Gillett, N Karoly, D Zhang, XB Zwiers, F AF Hegerl, Gabriele C. Karl, Thomas R. Allen, Myles Bindoff, Nathaniel L. Gillett, Nathan Karoly, David Zhang, Xuebin Zwiers, Francis TI Climate change detection and attribution: Beyond mean temperature signals SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Climate Variability and Predictability Science Conference (CLIVAR) CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP World Climat Res Program ID SOUTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLES; FINGERPRINT METHOD; CHANGE SIMULATIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB A significant influence of anthropogenic forcing has been detected in global- and continental-scale surface temperature, temperature of the free atmosphere, and global ocean heat uptake. This paper reviews outstanding issues in the detection of climate change and attribution to causes. The detection of changes in variables other than temperature, on regional scales and in climate extremes, is important for evaluating model simulations of changes in societally relevant scales and variables. For example, sea level pressure changes are detectable but are significantly stronger in observations than the changes simulated in climate models, raising questions about simulated changes in climate dynamics. Application of detection and attribution methods to ocean data focusing not only on heat storage but also on the penetration of the anthropogenic signal into the ocean interior, and its effect on global water masses, helps to increase confidence in simulated large-scale changes in the ocean. To evaluate climate change signals with smaller spatial and temporal scales, improved and more densely sampled data are needed in both the atmosphere and ocean. Also, the problem of how model-simulated climate extremes can be compared to station-based observations needs to be addressed. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Climate Dynam Grp, Oxford, England. Univ Tasmania, CSIRO Marine Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Antarct Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Climate Monitoring & Data Interpretat Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. Meteorol Serv Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Hegerl, GC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM hegerl@duke.edu RI LU, C/C-6598-2008; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519 NR 124 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 20 BP 5058 EP 5077 DI 10.1175/JCLI3900.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101QQ UT WOS:000241755900006 ER PT J AU Hurrell, JW Visbeck, M Busalacchi, A Clarke, RA Delworth, TL Dickson, RR Johns, WE Koltermann, KP Kushnir, Y Marshall, D Mauritzen, C McCartney, MS Piola, A Reason, C Reverdin, G Schott, F Sutton, R Wainer, I Wright, D AF Hurrell, J. W. Visbeck, M. Busalacchi, A. Clarke, R. A. Delworth, T. L. Dickson, R. R. Johns, W. E. Koltermann, K. P. Kushnir, Y. Marshall, D. Mauritzen, C. McCartney, M. S. Piola, A. Reason, C. Reverdin, G. Schott, F. Sutton, R. Wainer, I. Wright, D. TI Atlantic climate variability and predictability: A CLIVAR perspective SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Climate Variability and Predictability Science Conference (CLIVAR) CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP World Climat Res Program ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SOUTHERN AFRICAN RAINFALL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DEEP-WATER PRODUCTION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS; ARCTIC-OCEAN AB Three interrelated climate phenomena are at the center of the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Atlantic research: tropical Atlantic variability (TAV), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). These phenomena produce a myriad of impacts on society and the environment on seasonal, interannual, and longer time scales through variability manifest as coherent fluctuations in ocean and land temperature, rainfall, and extreme events. Improved understanding of this variability is essential for assessing the likely range of future climate fluctuations and the extent to which they may be predictable, as well as understanding the potential impact of human-induced climate change. CLIVAR is addressing these issues through prioritized and integrated plans for short-term and sustained observations, basin-scale reanalysis, and modeling and theoretical investigations of the coupled Atlantic climate system and its links to remote regions. In this paper, a brief review of the state of understanding of Atlantic climate variability and achievements to date is provided. Considerable discussion is given to future challenges related to building and sustaining observing systems, developing synthesis strategies to support understanding and attribution of observed change, understanding sources of predictability, and developing prediction systems in order to meet the scientific objectives of the CLIVAR Atlantic program. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Anal Sect, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Leibniz Inst Meereswissenschaften, Kiel, Germany. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. The Lab, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. Bundesant Seeschiffahrt & Hydrog, Hamburg, Germany. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Serv Hidrog Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Paris 06, LODYC, Paris, France. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hurrell, JW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Anal Sect, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jhurrell@ucar.edu RI Marshall, David/B-6767-2009; Wainer, Ilana/B-4540-2011; McCartney, Michael/A-3922-2009; Visbeck, Martin/G-2461-2011; Kushnir, Yochanan/B-4472-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013; Koltermann, Klaus Peter/D-4817-2014; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016; OI Marshall, David/0000-0002-5199-6579; Wainer, Ilana/0000-0003-3784-623X; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583; Koltermann, Klaus Peter/0000-0002-6038-7599 NR 181 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 20 BP 5100 EP 5121 DI 10.1175/JCLI3902.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101QQ UT WOS:000241755900008 ER PT J AU Chang, P Yamagata, T Schopf, P Behera, SK Carton, J Kessler, WS Meyers, G Qu, T Schott, F Shetye, S Xie, SP AF Chang, P. Yamagata, T. Schopf, P. Behera, S. K. Carton, J. Kessler, W. S. Meyers, G. Qu, T. Schott, F. Shetye, S. Xie, S. -P. TI Climate fluctuations of tropical coupled systems - The role of ocean dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Climate Variability and Predictability Science Conference (CLIVAR) CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP World Climat Res Program ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EDDIES AB The tropical oceans have long been recognized as the most important region for large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions, giving rise to coupled climate variations on several time scales. During the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) decade, the focus of much tropical ocean research was on understanding El Nino-related processes and on development of tropical ocean models capable of simulating and predicting El Nino. These studies led to an appreciation of the vital role the ocean plays in providing the memory for predicting El Nino and thus making seasonal climate prediction feasible. With the end of TOGA and the beginning of Climate Variability and Prediction (CLIVAR), the scope of climate variability and predictability studies has expanded from the tropical Pacific and ENSO-centric basis to the global domain. In this paper the progress that has been made in tropical ocean climate studies during the early years of CLIVAR is discussed. The discussion is divided geographically into three tropical ocean basins with an emphasis on the dynamical processes that are most relevant to the coupling between the atmosphere and oceans. For the tropical Pacific, the continuing effort to improve understanding of large- and small-scale dynamics for the purpose of extending the skill of ENSO prediction is assessed. This paper then goes beyond the time and space scales of El Nino and discusses recent research activities on the fundamental issue of the processes maintaining the tropical thermocline. This includes the study of subtropical cells (STCs) and ventilated thermocline processes, which are potentially important to the understanding of the low-frequency modulation of El Nino. For the tropical Atlantic, the dominant oceanic processes that interact with regional atmospheric feedbacks are examined as well as the remote influence from both the Pacific El Nino and extratropical climate fluctuations giving rise to multiple patterns of variability distinguished by season and location: The potential impact of Atlantic thermohaline circulation on tropical Atlantic variability (TAV) is also discussed. For the tropical Indian Ocean, local and remote mechanisms governing low-frequency sea surface temperature variations are examined. After reviewing the recent rapid progress in the understanding of coupled dynamics in the region, this study focuses on the active role of ocean dynamics in a seasonally locked east-west internal mode of variability, known as the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). Influences of the IOD on climatic conditions in Asia, Australia, East Africa, and Europe are discussed. While the attempt throughout is to give a comprehensive overview of what is known about the role of the tropical oceans in climate, the fact of the matter is that much remains to be understood and explained. The complex nature of the tropical coupled phenomena and the interaction among them argue strongly for coordinated and sustained observations, as well as additional careful modeling investigations in order to further advance the current understanding of the role of tropical oceans in climate. C1 George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. CSIRO, Marine Res Labs, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schopf, P (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 5C3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pschopf@gmu.edu RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Behera, Swadhin/B-7839-2009; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; carton, james/C-4807-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Behera, Swadhin/0000-0001-8692-2388; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198 NR 401 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 20 BP 5122 EP 5174 DI 10.1175/JCLI3903.1 PG 53 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101QQ UT WOS:000241755900009 ER PT J AU Roundy, PE Kiladis, GN AF Roundy, Paul E. Kiladis, George N. TI Observed relationships between oceanic kelvin waves and atmospheric forcing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; EASTERN PACIFIC; ENSO; THERMOCLINE; VARIABILITY AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) has been implicated as a major source of the wind stress variability that generates basin-scale Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. One source of debate concerning this relationship is the apparent difference in the frequencies of the two processes. This work utilizes data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array of moored buoys along with outgoing longwave radiation data to show by means of a multiple linear regression model and case studies that the frequency discrepancy is due to a systematic decrease in the phase speeds of the Kelvin waves and an increase in the period of the waves toward the east as conditions adjust toward El Nino. Among the potential contributing factors to this phase speed decrease is an apparent air-sea interaction that enhances the wind forcing of some of the Kelvin waves, allowing them to continue to amplify because the propagating wind stress anomaly decelerates to the speed of the developing Kelvin wave instead of the significantly faster speed of the typical MJO. Kelvin waves appear to be most effectively amplified during periods when the temperature gradient above the thermocline across the equatorial central Pacific is strong, the thermocline shoals steeply toward the east in the central Pacific, and/or when the phase speed of the propagating wind stress forcing is closest to that of the Kelvin wave. These conditions tend to occur as the ocean adjusts toward El Nino. Since Kelvin waves are instrumental to the development of El Nino events, isolating the detailed relationship between the waves and the MJO will lead to a better understanding of interannual ocean-atmosphere interactions. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roundy, PE (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM roundv@atmos.albany.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 20 BP 5253 EP 5272 DI 10.1175/JCLI3893.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101QQ UT WOS:000241755900013 ER PT J AU Swann, WC McFerran, JJ Coddington, I Newbury, NR Hartl, I Fermann, ME Westbrook, PS Nicholson, JW Feder, KS Langrock, C Fejer, MM AF Swann, W. C. McFerran, J. J. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. Hartl, I. Fermann, M. E. Westbrook, P. S. Nicholson, J. W. Feder, K. S. Langrock, C. Fejer, M. M. TI Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND; METROLOGY; JITTER; SIGNAL AB We investigate the comb linewidths of self-referenced, fiber-laser-based frequency combs by measuring the heterodyne beat signal between two independent frequency combs that are phase locked to a common cw optical reference. We demonstrate that the optical comb lines can exhibit instrument-limited, subhertz relative linewidths across the comb spectra from 1200 to 1720 nm with a residual integrated optical phase jitter of similar to 1 rad in a 60 mHz to 500 kHz bandwidth. The projected relative pulse timing jitter is similar to 1 fs. This performance approaches that of Ti:sapphire frequency combs. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov; ihartl@imra.com RI McFerran, John/B-7445-2011 OI McFerran, John/0000-0002-8662-0467 NR 18 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 20 BP 3046 EP 3048 DI 10.1364/OL.31.003046 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092RY UT WOS:000241116200031 PM 17001395 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Musgrave, A Ayles, VL Gammon, RT Silber, JAE Wright, TG AF Bergeron, Denis E. Musgrave, Adam Ayles, Victoria L. Gammon, Robert T. Silber, James A. E. Wright, Timothy G. TI Electronic spectroscopy of NO-(Rg)(x) complexes (Rg=Ne,Ar) via the 4s and 3d Rydberg states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-SHELL MOLECULES; RARE-GAS CLUSTERS; CONDENSED-PHASE; SOLID ARGON; NO; ENERGY; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; KR; COHERENCES AB We have employed (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy to investigate the 3d and 4s Rydberg states of the NO molecule when bound to the surface of Rg(x) clusters (Rg=rare gas). We observe that the spectra of the NO-Ar-x species converge in appearance as x increases, and this is discussed in terms of two Rg atoms interacting with the NO+ core, with other Rg atoms being "outside" the Rydberg orbital. We show that the interaction of each of the Rg atoms with the NO is essentially independent for the NO-Rg(2) complexes: both by comparing our spectra for Rydberg states of NO-Rg and NO-Rg(2), and from the results of ab initio calculations on NO+-Rg and NO+-Rg(2). In addition, we discuss the disappearance of some electronic bands upon complexation in terms of Franck-Condon factors that are very sensitive to the angular coordinate. We relate our results to those of the bulk by comparing to the previously reported electronic spectroscopy of NO in both Rg matrices and He nanodroplets. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Wright, TG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tim.wright@nottingham.ac.uk RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 14 AR 144319 DI 10.1063/1.2348873 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 094OI UT WOS:000241248400033 PM 17042602 ER PT J AU Dong, F Nesbitt, DJ AF Dong, Feng Nesbitt, David J. TI Jet cooled spectroscopy of H2DO+: Barrier heights and isotope-dependent tunneling dynamics from H3O+ to D3O+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION; SIDE-BAND SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRONIUM ION; MOLECULAR-IONS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; INVERSION SPECTRUM; RESOLUTION AB The first high resolution spectroscopic data for jet cooled H2DO+ are reported, specifically via infrared laser direct absorption in the OH stretching region with a slit supersonic jet discharge source. Transitions sampling upper (0(-)) and lower (0(+)) tunneling states for both symmetric (nu(+)(1)<- 0(+), nu(-)(1)<- 0(-), and nu(-)(1)<- 0(+)) and antisymmetric (nu(+)(3)<- 0(+) and nu(-)(3)<- 0(-)) OH stretching bands are observed, where +/- refers to wave function reflection symmetry with respect to the planar umbrella mode transition state. The spectra can be well fitted to a Watson asymmetric top Hamiltonian, revealing band origins and rotational constants for benchmark comparison with high-level ab initio theory. Of particular importance are detection and assignment of the relatively weak band (nu(-)(1)<- 0(+)) that crosses the inversion tunneling gap, which is optically forbidden in H3O+ or D3O+, but weakly allowed in H2DO+ by lowering of the tunneling transition state symmetry from D-3h to C-2v. In conjunction with other H2DO+ bands, this permits determination of the tunneling splittings to within spectroscopic precision for each of the ground [40.518(10) cm(-1)], nu(1)=1 [32.666(6) cm(-1)], and nu(3)=1 [25.399(11) cm(-1)] states. A one-dimensional zero-point energy corrected potential along the tunneling coordinate is constructed from high-level ab initio CCSD(T) calculations (AVnZ, n=3,4,5) and extrapolated to the complete basis set limit to extract tunneling splittings via a vibrationally adiabatic treatment. Perturbative scaling of the potential to match splittings for all four isotopomers permits an experimental estimate of Delta V-0=652.9(6) cm(-1) for the tunneling barrier, in good agreement with full six-dimensional ab initio results of Rajamaki, Miani, and Halonen (RMH) [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 10929 (2003)]. (Delta V-0(RMH)=650 cm(-1)). The 30%-50% decrease in tunneling splitting observed upon nu(1) and nu(3) vibrational excitations arises from an increase in OH stretch frequencies at the planar transition state, highlighting the transition between sp(2) and sp(3) hybridizations of the OH/D bonds as a function of inversion bending angle. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dong, F (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 14 AR 144311 DI 10.1063/1.2338520 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 094OI UT WOS:000241248400025 PM 17042594 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF AF Douglas, Jack F. Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. TI Does equilibrium polymerization describe the dynamic heterogeneity of glass-forming liquids? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; GIBBS-DIMARZIO THEORY; LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CORRELATED MOTION AB A significant body of evidence indicates that particles with excessively high or low mobility relative to Brownian particles form in dynamic equilibrium in glass-forming liquids. We examine whether these "dynamic heterogeneities" can be identified with a kind of equilibrium polymerization. This correspondence is first checked by demonstrating the presence of a striking resemblance between the temperature dependences of the configurational entropy s(c) in both the theory of equilibrium polymerization and the generalized entropy theory of glass formation in polymer melts. Moreover, the multiple characteristic temperatures of glass formation are also shown to have analogs in the thermodynamics of equilibrium polymerization, supporting the contention that both processes are varieties of rounded thermodynamic transitions. We also find that the average cluster mass (or degree of polymerization) varies in nearly inverse proportionality to s(c). This inverse relation accords with the basic hypothesis of Adam-Gibbs that the number of particles in the cooperatively rearranging regions (CRR) of glass-forming liquids scales inversely to s(c) of the fluid. Our identification of the CRR with equilibrium polymers is further supported by simulations for a variety of glass-forming liquids that verify the existence of stringlike or polymeric clusters exhibiting collective particle motion. Moreover, these dynamical clusters have an exponential length distribution, and the average "string" length grows upon cooling according to the predictions of equilibrium polymerization theory. The observed scale of dynamic heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids is found to be consistent with this type of self-assembly process. Both experiments and simulations have revealed remarkable similarities between the dynamical properties of self-assembling and glass-forming liquids, suggesting that the development of a theory for the dynamics of self-assembling fluids will also enhance our understanding of relaxation in glass-forming liquids. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM k-freed@uchicago.edu NR 138 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 14 AR 144907 DI 10.1063/1.2356863 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 094OI UT WOS:000241248400081 PM 17042650 ER PT J AU Larson, VE Smith, AJ Falk, MJ Kotenberg, KE Golaz, JC AF Larson, Vincent E. Smith, Adam J. Falk, Michael J. Kotenberg, Kurt E. Golaz, Jean-Christophe TI What determines altocumulus dissipation time? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODEL EVALUATION; DIURNAL CYCLE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; LIQUID WATER; IN-SITU; PART I; STRATOCUMULUS; PRECIPITATION AB This paper asks what factors influence the dissipation time of altocumulus clouds. The question is addressed using three-dimensional, large-eddy simulations of a thin, midlevel cloud that was observed by aircraft. The cloud might be aptly described as "altostratocumulus" because it was overcast and contained radiatively driven turbulence. The simulations are used to construct a budget equation of cloud water. This equation allows one to directly compare the four processes that diminish liquid: diffusional growth of ice crystals, large-scale subsidence, radiative heating, and turbulent mixing of dry air into the cloud. Various sensitivity studies are used to find the "equivalent sensitivity" of cloud decay time to changes in various parameters. A change from no sunlight to direct overhead sunlight decreases the lifetime of our simulated cloud as much as increasing subsidence by 1.2 cm s(-1), increasing ice number concentration by 780 m(-3), or decreasing above-cloud total water mixing ratio by 0.60 g kg(-1). Finally, interactions among the terms in the cloud water budget are summarized in a "budget term feedback matrix." It is able to diagnose, for instance, that in our particular simulations, the diffusional growth of ice is a negative feedback. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Princeton Univ, Univ Corp Atmospher Res Visiting Scientist Progra, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Larson, VE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19207 DI 10.1029/2005JD007002 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095GY UT WOS:000241297400002 ER PT J AU Market, PS Oravetz, AM Gaede, D Bookbinder, E Lupo, AR Melick, CJ Smith, LL Thomas, R Redburn, R Pettegrew, BP Becker, AE AF Market, Patrick S. Oravetz, Angela M. Gaede, David Bookbinder, Evan Lupo, Anthony R. Melick, Christopher J. Smith, Larry L. Thomas, Rashida Redburn, Rachel Pettegrew, Brian P. Becker, Amy E. TI Proximity soundings of thundersnow in the central United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL VORTICITY; INSTABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; SNOWSTORMS; CYCLONES AB Proximity balloon soundings for snow events with lightning and thunder during the period 1961 through 1990 reveal a less statically stable environment than similar nonthundering snow events. When thundersnow is present, a less stable environment (and in some cases subsequent upright convection) is found aloft in all of the thundering cases examined here; all of the events feature their most unstable parcel originating above a frontal inversion. In fact, only events in the cold air north of an extratropical cyclone are included in this study. Events with a lake effect or orographic enhancement are eliminated from the sample. The basic composite derived by averaging temperatures at an established interval reveals a nearly saturated lower atmosphere, below 0 degrees C throughout its depth, with the frontal inversion present and its most unstable parcel occurring just above the top of the inversion. The feature-preserving composite approach of R. A. Brown (1993) better defines the frontal inversion bottom and top as well as the level and temperature of the most unstable parcel; these are the features in need of preservation, and a less statically stable environment emerges by doing so. Other salient features include the most unstable parcel originating some 30-50 mbar above the top of the frontal inversion and significant drying similar to 100 mbar above the level of the most unstable parcel. The bulk sounding characteristics also favor the existence of lightning. The composite temperature at the level of the most unstable parcel is -8.7 degrees C, which allows for enhanced amounts of supercooled water to enter any updraft that may form. The temperature of the most unstable parcel at its origin is also warmer than the charge reversal temperature; therefore convection of any appreciable depth will span that level. Moreover, the height of the composited -10 degrees C level is 2959 m above ground level, which previous investigators have shown is sufficiently high to favor lightning production. Yet no convective available potential energy (CAPE) appears with either composite approach, which concurs with previous studies. While several of the composite members feature CAPE for elevated layers, the majority do not, suggesting that other processes (e.g., the release of symmetric instability), which are difficult to assess from a single sounding, tend to be at work. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Weather Serv Off, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. Natl Weather Serv Off, Pleasant Hill, MO 64080 USA. RP Market, PS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 331 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM marketp@missouri.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19208 DI 10.1029/2006JD007061 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095GY UT WOS:000241297400003 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Faluvegi, G Stevenson, DS Krol, MC Emmons, LK Lamarque, JF Petron, G Dentener, FJ Ellingsen, K Schultz, MG Wild, O Amann, M Atherton, CS Bergmann, DJ Bey, I Butler, T Cofala, J Collins, WJ Derwent, RG Doherty, RM Drevet, J Eskes, HJ Fiore, AM Gauss, M Hauglustaine, DA Horowitz, LW Isaksen, ISA Lawrence, MG Montanaro, V Muller, JF Pitari, G Prather, MJ Pyle, JA Rast, S Rodriguez, JM Sanderson, MG Savage, NH Strahan, SE Sudo, K Szopa, S Unger, N van Noije, TPC Zeng, G AF Shindell, D. T. Faluvegi, G. Stevenson, D. S. Krol, M. C. Emmons, L. K. Lamarque, J. -F. Petron, G. Dentener, F. J. Ellingsen, K. Schultz, M. G. Wild, O. Amann, M. Atherton, C. S. Bergmann, D. J. Bey, I. Butler, T. Cofala, J. Collins, W. J. Derwent, R. G. Doherty, R. M. Drevet, J. Eskes, H. J. Fiore, A. M. Gauss, M. Hauglustaine, D. A. Horowitz, L. W. Isaksen, I. S. A. Lawrence, M. G. Montanaro, V. Mueller, J. -F. Pitari, G. Prather, M. J. Pyle, J. A. Rast, S. Rodriguez, J. M. Sanderson, M. G. Savage, N. H. Strahan, S. E. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Unger, N. van Noije, T. P. C. Zeng, G. TI Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AIRCRAFT MOZAIC DATA; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; OZONE SIMULATIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; 3-D MODELS AB We analyze present-day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models run to study future air quality and climate change. In comparison with near-global satellite observations from the MOPITT instrument and local surface measurements, the models show large underestimates of Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical CO, while typically performing reasonably well elsewhere. The results suggest that year-round emissions, probably from fossil fuel burning in east Asia and seasonal biomass burning emissions in south-central Africa, are greatly underestimated in current inventories such as IIASA and EDGAR3.2. Variability among models is large, likely resulting primarily from intermodel differences in representations and emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and in hydrologic cycles, which affect OH and soluble hydrocarbon intermediates. Global mean projections of the 2030 CO response to emissions changes are quite robust. Global mean midtropospheric (500 hPa) CO increases by 12.6 +/- 3.5 ppbv (16%) for the high-emissions (A2) scenario, by 1.7 +/- 1.8 ppbv (2%) for the midrange (CLE) scenario, and decreases by 8.1 +/- 2.3 ppbv (11%) for the low-emissions (MFR) scenario. Projected 2030 climate changes decrease global 500 hPa CO by 1.4 +/- 1.4 ppbv. Local changes can be much larger. In response to climate change, substantial effects are seen in the tropics, but intermodel variability is quite large. The regional CO responses to emissions changes are robust across models, however. These range from decreases of 10-20 ppbv over much of the industrialized NH for the CLE scenario to CO increases worldwide and year-round under A2, with the largest changes over central Africa (20-30 ppbv), southern Brazil (20-35 ppbv) and south and east Asia (30-70 ppbv). The trajectory of future emissions thus has the potential to profoundly affect air quality over most of the world's populated areas. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Rdscientific, Newbury RG14 6LH, Berks, England. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21228 USA. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; OI Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100; Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X NR 74 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19306 DI 10.1029/2006JD007100 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095GY UT WOS:000241297400004 ER PT J AU Zou, CZ Goldberg, MD Cheng, ZH Grody, NC Sullivan, JT Cao, CY Tarpley, D AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi Goldberg, Mitchell D. Cheng, Zhaohui Grody, Norman C. Sullivan, Jerry T. Cao, Changyong Tarpley, Dan TI Recalibration of microwave sounding unit for climate studies using simultaneous nadir overpasses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS; MSU CHANNEL-2; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; SATELLITE; CALIBRATION; PRECISION; ANOMALIES; SURFACE AB The measurements from microwave sounding unit (MSU) on board different NOAA polar-orbiting satellites have been extensively used for detecting atmospheric temperature trend during the last several decades. However, temperature trends derived from these measurements are under significant debate, mostly caused by calibration errors. This study recalibrates the MSU channel 2 observations at level 0 using the postlaunch simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) matchups and then provides a well-merged new MSU 1b data set for climate studies. The calibration algorithm consists of a dominant linear response of the MSU raw counts to the Earth-view radiance plus a smaller quadratic term. Uncertainties are represented by a constant offset and errors in the coefficient for the nonlinear quadratic term. A SNO matchup data set for nadir pixels with criteria of simultaneity of less than 100 s and within a ground distance of 111 km is generated for all overlaps of NOAA satellites. The simultaneous nature of these matchups eliminates the impact of orbital drifts on the calibration. A radiance error model for the SNO pairs is developed and then used to determine the offsets and nonlinear coefficients through regressions of the SNO matchups. It is found that the SNO matchups can accurately determine the differences of the offsets as well as the nonlinear coefficients between satellite pairs, thus providing a strong constraint to link calibration coefficients of different satellites together. However, SNO matchups alone cannot determine the absolute values of the coefficients because there is a high degree of colinearity between satellite SNO observations. Absolute values of calibration coefficients are obtained through sensitivity experiments, in which the percentage of variance in the brightness temperature difference time series that can be explained by the warm target temperatures of overlapping satellites is a function of the calibration coefficient. By minimizing these percentages of variance for overlapping observations, a new set of calibration coefficients is obtained from the SNO regressions. These new coefficients are significantly different from the prelaunch calibration values, but they result in bias-free SNO matchups and near-zero contaminations by the warm target temperatures in terms of the calibrated brightness temperature. Applying the new calibration coefficients to the Level 0 MSU observations, a well-merged MSU pentad data set is generated for climate trend studies. To avoid errors caused by small SNO samplings between NOAA 10 and 9, observations only from and after NOAA 10 are used. In addition, only ocean averages are investigated so that diurnal cycle effect can be ignored. The global ocean-averaged intersatellite biases for the pentad data set are between 0.05 and 0.1 K, which is an order of magnitude smaller than that obtained when using the unadjusted calibration algorithm. The ocean-only anomaly trend for the combined MSU channel 2 brightness temperature is found to be 0.198 K decade(-1) during 1987-2003. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, Ctr Sci, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 NR 24 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19114 DI 10.1029/2005JD006798 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095GY UT WOS:000241297400001 ER PT J AU Lohmann, MS AF Lohmann, Martin S. TI Dynamic error estimation for radio occultation bending angles retrieved by the full spectrum inversion technique SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; VALIDATION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; PROFILES; SIGNALS AB Application of any measurement requires reliable error estimates; this is particularly the case when meteorological observations are assimilated into numerical weather prediction models. Radio occultation measurement errors vary considerably between different observations. It is therefore desirable to estimate these errors dynamically on a profile-to-profile basis. In this study it is demonstrated that fluctuations in the full spectrum inversion (FSI) log amplitude can be mapped into profiles of error standard deviations for FSI retrieved bending angles on a profile-to-profile basis without using any external data. The performance of this technique is assessed by applying it to simulated GPS radio occultation signals sampled at 50 Hz with both severe additive noise and significant phase noise. In both cases, good agreement between predicted error profiles and the "true" error profiles is achieved. Comparisons between power spectra of predicted errors and "true" errors also show good agreement. However, a small part of the simulated signals is distorted by aliasing due to the downsampling to 50 Hz, which affects bending angles retrieved for a narrow range of impact parameters. For these bending angles, the predicted errors are too small as compared with the "true" errors. This shows that the proposed technique cannot predict errors related to poor signal acquisition. C1 NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Date Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, UCAR, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lohmann, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Date Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Rm 702,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM martinlohmann@gmail.com NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 AR RS5005 DI 10.1029/2005RS003396 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 095JB UT WOS:000241302900001 ER PT J AU Chapados, R Abe, K Ihida-Stansbury, K McKean, D Gates, AT Kern, M Merklinger, S Elliott, J Plant, A Shimokawa, H Jones, PL AF Chapados, Rene Abe, Khotaro Ihida-Stansbury, Kaori McKean, David Gates, Adam T. Kern, Michael Merklinger, Sandra Elliott, John Plant, Anne Shimokawa, Hiroaki Jones, Peter Lloyd TI ROCK controls matrix synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells - Coupling vasoconstriction to vascular remodeling SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tenascin-C; smooth muscle; ROCK; pulmonary hypertension ID CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TENASCIN-C EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOSKELETAL TENSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE; PULMONARY-ARTERIES; NEOINTIMAL LESIONS; DISEASE; PROLIFERATION AB Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expressed within remodeling systemic and pulmonary arteries (PAs), where it supports vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Previously, we showed that A10 SMCs cultivated on native type I collagen possess a spindle-shaped morphology and do not express TN-C, whereas those on denatured collagen possess a well-defined F-actin stress fiber network, a spread morphology, and they do express TN-C. To determine whether changes in cytoskeletal architecture control TN-C, SMCs on denatured collagen were treated with cytochalasin D, which decreased SMC spreading and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signaling effectors required for TN-C transcription. Next, to determine whether cell shape, dictated by the F-actin cytoskeleton, regulates TN-C, different geometries of SMCs (ranging from spread to round) were engineered on denatured collagen: as SMCs progressively rounded, ERK1/2 activity and TN-C transcription declined. Because RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK) regulate cell morphology by controlling cytoskeletal architecture, we reasoned that these factors might also regulate TN-C. Indeed, SMCs on denatured collagen possessed higher levels of RhoA activity than those on native collagen, and blocking RhoA or ROCK activities attenuated SMC spreading, ERK1/2 activity, and TN-C expression in SMCs on denatured collagen. Thus, ROCK controls the configuration of the F-actin cytoskeleton and SMC shape in a manner that is permissive for ERK1/2-dependent production of TN-C. Finally, we showed that inhibition of ROCK activity suppresses SMC TN-C expression and disease progression in hypertensive rat PAs. Thus, in addition to its role in regulating vasoconstriction, ROCK also controls matrix production. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Med & Engn, Vagelos Res Labs 1010, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Anat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, PL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Med & Engn, Vagelos Res Labs 1010, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jonespl@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 R01 HL68798-01, P50 HL57144-06] NR 41 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD OCT 13 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1161/01.RES.0000246172.77441.f1 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 094CN UT WOS:000241217000009 PM 16990566 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Festa-Bianchet, M Provenzale, A von Hardenberg, A Bassano, B AF Jacobson, Andrew R. Festa-Bianchet, Marco Provenzale, Antonello von Hardenberg, Achaz Bassano, Bruno TI Comment on Lima & Berryman (2006): the Alpine ibex revisited SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATION; AGE C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-10133 Turin, Italy. Alpine Wildlife Res Ctr, I-10123 Turin, Italy. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andy.jacobson@noaa.gov RI von Hardenberg, Achaz/C-7313-2008 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD OCT 13 PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 137 EP 137 DI 10.3354/cr032137 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119VM UT WOS:000243042400006 ER PT J AU Hu, M Petrova, H Sekkinen, AR Chen, JY McLellan, JM Li, ZY Marquez, M Li, XD Xia, YN Hartland, GV AF Hu, Min Petrova, Hristina Sekkinen, Andrew R. Chen, Jingyi McLellan, Joseph M. Li, Zhi-Yuan Marquez, Manuel Li, Xingde Xia, Younan Hartland, Gregory V. TI Optical properties of Au-Ag nanoboxes studied by single nanoparticle spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; GOLD-SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENT; METAL NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; CONSTANTS; APPROXIMATION; ABSORPTION; NANOCUBES AB The optical properties of two Au - Ag nanobox samples with average edge lengths of 44 and 58 nm and wall thicknesses of 6 and 8 nm, respectively, have been studied by single particle spectroscopy. The measurements gave an average line width of <(Gamma)over bar > = 306 +/- 7 meV with a standard deviation of o = 30 meV for the 44-nm boxes, and <(Gamma)over bar > = 350 +/- 9 meV with o = 35 meV for the 58-nm boxes. These line widths are much broader than those of gold nanorods with comparable resonance energies. The increased broadening is attributed to a combination of surface scattering of electrons, as well as increased radiation damping for the nanoboxes. Discrete dipole approximation calculations have been performed with and without surface scattering of electrons to compare with the experimental spectra. The calculations confirm that both electron-surface scattering and radiation damping are important effects in this system. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Philip Morris Inc, INEST Grp, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. NIST, NCTCN Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu; hartland.1@nd.edu RI Li, Xingde/F-7663-2012; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Chen, Jingyi/E-7168-2010 OI Chen, Jingyi/0000-0003-0012-9640 NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 40 BP 19923 EP 19928 DI 10.1021/jp0621068 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 091UI UT WOS:000241053400023 PM 17020378 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Laesecke, A Friend, DG AF Huber, Marcia L. Laesecke, Arno Friend, Daniel G. TI Correlation for the vapor pressure of mercury SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CRITICAL-POINT; BOILING-POINT; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; TRIPLE POINT; CONSTANTS; EQUATIONS; ELEMENTS; HG; OPTIMIZATION AB We present a new correlation for the vapor pressure of mercury that is valid from the triple point to the critical point. The equation is a Wagner-type form, where the terms of the equation are selected using a simulated annealing optimization algorithm. To improve the reliability of the equation at low temperatures, heat-capacity data were used in addition to vapor-pressure data. We present comparisons with available experimental data and existing correlations. The estimated uncertainty at a coverage factor of 2 varies from 3% near the triple point to 1% for temperatures from 273 to 400 K; 0.15% for the intermediate temperature region from 400 K to the normal boiling point at 629.77 K; for temperatures above the normal boiling point but below similar to 900 K, it is 0.5%; and for temperatures between 900 K and the critical point, we estimate that the uncertainty is 5%. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov NR 132 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 21 BP 7351 EP 7361 DI 10.1021/ie060560s PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 091LQ UT WOS:000241030700058 ER PT J AU Reader, J Feldman, U Brown, CM AF Reader, Joseph Feldman, Uri Brown, Charles M. TI Measurement of wavelengths with phosphor storage image plates on a grazing incidence spectrograph SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ENERGY-LEVELS; MO-VII; SPECTRUM; NEII; IV AB We recorded the spectra emitted by a Ne/Mg Penning discharge and by sliding spark discharges of Y and Mo in the 150-450 angstrom range with phosphor storage image plates on a 10.7 m grazing incidence spectrograph. To obtain better conformance of the image plates to the focal surface of the concave grating, the plates were mounted on the curved surface with a backing of flexible steel plates. The exposed plates were read by a rotary drum scanner. With these techniques we achieved a wavelength accuracy of approximately 0.003 angstrom. This is comparable to what is normally obtained with photographic plates on this instrument. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cbbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 29 BP 7657 EP 7660 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007657 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092GF UT WOS:000241084300015 PM 17068600 ER PT J AU Evan, AT Dunion, J Foley, JA Heidinger, AK Velden, CS AF Evan, Amato T. Dunion, Jason Foley, Jonathan A. Heidinger, Andrew K. Velden, Christopher S. TI New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG ASSOCIATION; HURRICANES; METEOROLOGY; INTENSITY; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB It is well known that Atlantic tropical cyclone activity varies strongly over time, and that summertime dust transport over the North Atlantic also varies from year to year, but any connection between tropical cyclone activity and atmospheric dust has been limited to a few case studies. Here we report new results that demonstrate a strong relationship between interannual variations in North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and atmospheric dust cover as measured by satellite, for the years 1982 - 2005. While we cannot conclusively demonstrate a direct causal relationship, there appears to be robust link between tropical cyclone activity and dust transport over the Tropical Atlantic. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Evan, AT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM atevan@wisc.edu; jason.dunion@noaa.gov; jfoley@wisc.edu; andrew.heidinger@ssec.wisc.edu; chris.velden@ssec.wisc.edu RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 22 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19813 DI 10.1029/2006GL026408 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 095FU UT WOS:000241294400001 ER PT J AU Shepherd, RF Conrad, JC Rhodes, SK Link, DR Marquez, M Weitz, DA Lewis, JA AF Shepherd, Robert F. Conrad, Jacinta C. Rhodes, Summer K. Link, Darren R. Marquez, Manuel Weitz, David A. Lewis, Jennifer A. TI Microfluidic assembly of homogeneous and janus colloid-filled hydrogel granules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WET GRANULATION; PARTICLES; SHEAR; FLOW; GENERATION; AGGLOMERATION; DISPERSIONS; FABRICATION; DEVICES; SPHERES AB The microfluidic assembly of colloid-filled hydrogel granules of varying shape and composition is described. First, drops are formed by shearing a concentrated colloidal microsphere-acrylamide suspension in a continuous oil phase using a sheath-flow device. Both homogeneous and Janus (hemispherically distinct) spheres and disks are produced by confining the assembled drops in microchannels of varying geometry. Next, photopolymerization is carried out shortly after drop breakup to preserve their morphology. Representative wet and dried granules are characterized using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Our approach offers a facile route for assembling colloid-filled hydrogel granules with controlled shape and composition. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Sci & Engn Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Philip Morris Inc, INEST Grp, Postgrad Program, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jalewis@uiuc.edu RI Conrad, Jacinta/D-6432-2013 OI Conrad, Jacinta/0000-0001-6084-4772 NR 37 TC 172 Z9 178 U1 14 U2 145 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 21 BP 8618 EP 8622 DI 10.1021/la060759+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 090MB UT WOS:000240954300002 PM 17014093 ER PT J AU Lisiansky, M Heiman, A Kovler, M Fenigstein, A Roizin, Y Levin, I Gladkikh, A Oksman, M Edrei, R Hoffman, A Shnieder, Y Claasen, T AF Lisiansky, M. Heiman, A. Kovler, M. Fenigstein, A. Roizin, Y. Levin, I. Gladkikh, A. Oksman, M. Edrei, R. Hoffman, A. Shnieder, Y. Claasen, T. TI SiO2/Si3N4/Al2O3 stacks for scaled-down memory devices: Effects of interfaces and thermal annealing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE-OXIDE STACKS; SILICON; 2-BIT; CELL AB Effects of interfaces and thermal annealing on the electrical performance of the SiO2/Si3N4/Al2O3 (ONA) stacks in nonvolatile memory devices were investigated. The results demonstrated the principal role of Si3N4/Al2O3 and Al2O3/metal-gate interfaces in controlling charge retention properties of memory cells. Memory devices that employ both electron and hole trappings were fabricated using a controlled oxidation of nitride surface prior to the Al2O3 growth, a high-temperature annealing of the ONA stack in the N-2+O-2 atmosphere, and a metal gate electrode having a high work function (Pt). These devices exhibited electrical performance superior to that of their existing SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 analogs. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tower Semicond Ltd, IL-23105 Migdal Haemeq, Israel. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Wolfson Appl Mat Res Ctr, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Lisiansky, M (reprint author), Tower Semicond Ltd, POB 619, IL-23105 Migdal Haemeq, Israel. EM michaelx@towersemi.com RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 15 AR 153506 DI 10.1063/1.2360197 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OD UT WOS:000241247900130 ER PT J AU Shah, V Gerginov, V Schwindt, PDD Knappe, S Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Shah, V. Gerginov, V. Schwindt, P. D. D. Knappe, S. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. TI Continuous light-shift correction in modulated coherent population trapping clocks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE FREQUENCY STANDARD; ATOMIC CLOCKS; VAPOR; STABILIZATION AB The authors demonstrate a simple technique to significantly improve the long-term frequency stability of atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT). In this technique, the CPT fields are created by a modulated diode laser and a slow servo is used to actively tune the laser modulation index to a value where the light shift vanishes. The observed clock frequency at this modulation index is given by the rubidium hyperfine frequency when no light fields are present, and this makes the clock frequency largely insensitive to variations in laser properties. In addition to reducing stringent requirements on the long-term stabilities of laser temperature, laser frequency, and rf modulation power, this technique may also significantly reduce frequency drifts related to laser aging. In the experiment, they demonstrate improvement by over one order of magnitude in the stability of a clock that is limited by light-shift-induced frequency drifts. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Shah, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vshah@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 15 AR 151124 DI 10.1063/1.2360921 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OD UT WOS:000241247900024 ER PT J AU Wang, WY Richter, CA AF Wang, Wenyong Richter, Curt A. TI Spin-polarized inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of a molecular magnetic tunnel junction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; NI(111); NICKEL AB Molecular electronic devices with spin-dependent tunneling transport behavior offer an innovative and extremely enticing direction towards spin electronics, both from fundamental and technological points of view. In this work, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy provides unambiguous experimental evidence of the existence of molecular species in the fabricated molecular magnetic tunnel devices. Tunneling spectroscopy is also utilized to investigate the spin-polarized inelastic electron tunneling processes in the molecular device. The results show that inelastic scattering due to molecular vibrations, instead of magnon excitations, may be the main cause of the observed junction magnetoresistance bias dependence. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, WY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenyong.wang@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 15 AR 153105 DI 10.1063/1.2360908 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OD UT WOS:000241247900097 ER PT J AU Schwing, FB Bond, NA Bograd, SJ Mitchell, T Alexander, MA Mantua, N AF Schwing, Franklin B. Bond, Nicholas A. Bograd, Steven J. Mitchell, Todd Alexander, Michael A. Mantua, Nathan TI Delayed coastal upwelling along the US West Coast in 2005: A historical perspective SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; EL-NINO; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CHANGING SEASONALITY; ECOSYSTEM; SHIFTS AB The timing of the onset of coastal upwelling in spring and its intensity over the upwelling season are critical factors in the productivity and structure of the California Current ecosystem (CCE). We use an index of coastal upwelling to characterize physical forcing over the latitudinal extent of the CCE, and compare the evolution of the upwelling season in 2005 with previous years. The onset of coastal upwelling in 2005 in the northern California Current was delayed by 2 - 3 months. Upwelling was stronger than normal in the latter part of the upwelling season, allowing the cumulative upwelling to reach the climatological mean by fall. Although physical conditions were unusual in 2005, they were not unprecedented in the historical record. However, the timing and strength of coastal upwelling is a critical ecological factor, particularly for species whose life histories are closely tuned to the annual cycle. The unusual physical and biological conditions observed in spring 2005 illustrate the sensitivity of the CCE to possible future climate extremes. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM franklin.schwing@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22S01 DI 10.1029/2006GL026911 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092TA UT WOS:000241119000001 ER PT J AU Jiang, XN Lau, NC Klein, SA AF Jiang, Xianan Lau, Ngar-Cheung Klein, Stephen A. TI Role of eastward propagating convection systems in the diurnal cycle and seasonal mean of summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great Plains SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; MODEL AB By diagnosing the 3-hourly North American Regional Reanalysis rainfall data set for the 1979 - 2003 period, it is illustrated that the eastward propagation of convection systems from the Rockies to the Great Plains plays an essential role for the warm season climate over the central U. S. This eastward propagating mode could be the deciding factor for the observed nocturnal rainfall peak over the Great Plains. The results also suggest that nearly half of the total summer mean rainfall over this region is associated with these propagating convection systems. For instance, the extreme wet condition of the 1993 summer may be attributed to the frequent occurrence of propagating convection events and enhanced diurnal rainfall amplitude over the Great Plains. Thus, proper representation of this important propagating component in GCMs is essential for simulating the diurnal and seasonal mean characteristics of summertime rainfall over the central US. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Jiang, XN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM xianan.jiang@noaa.gov RI Jiang, Xianan/A-2283-2012; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19809 DI 10.1029/2006GL027022 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SU UT WOS:000241118400004 ER PT J AU Pierce, SD Barth, JA Thomas, RE Fleischer, GW AF Pierce, Stephen D. Barth, John A. Thomas, Rebecca E. Fleischer, Guy W. TI Anomalously warm July 2005 in the northern California Current: Historical context and the significance of cumulative wind stress SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL OCEAN; EL-NINO; OREGON; SHELF AB In the northern California Current, the onset of the 2005 upwelling season was five weeks later than usual, and well-established upwelling with a cold surface signature did not occur until about seven weeks after this. As part of the joint US-Canada Pacific hake survey, from 14 - 16 July 2005 we occupied the Newport Hydrographic line at 44.65 degrees N, from the Oregon coast to 83 km offshore. Instead of the cold surface layer expected in July, we observed anomalously warm water. For example, 10-m temperature at the shelf station NH-5 was the warmest ever recorded in July at this location: 6.2 degrees C above average, with observations back to 1961. We explore the pivotal role played by cumulative (time-integrated) wind forcing in the development of upwelling, in both 2005 and previous years. We find that 80% of July surface layer ( 0 - 30 m) interannual temperature variance can be explained by cumulative upwelling index from the spring transition. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pierce, SD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM spierce@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 22 AR L22S04 DI 10.1029/2006GL027149 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SX UT WOS:000241118700002 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Kirby, K Silver, E Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Chen, G. X. Kirby, K. Silver, E. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. TI The 3C/3D line ratio in Ni xix: New ab initio theory and experimental results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; IA SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; BEAM ION-TRAP; FE-XVII; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SHOCKED EJECTA; ACTIVE-REGION; SPECTRUM; MICROCALORIMETER AB We report a fully relativistic close-coupling calculation of the electron impact excitation of Ni XIX to derive the 3C/3D line intensity ratio, with an uncertainty of 5%. Convergence of the calculation with respect to both channel coupling effects and the many interacting Rydberg series of resonances has been achieved. New measurements in an electron beam ion trap agree with our calculation. We show that the 3C/3D x-ray line ratio depends sensitively on both electron energy and beamwidth in an optically thin plasma. Accounting for this dependence improves the accuracy of the Ni abundance determination in astrophysical sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 AR 143201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.143201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091VT UT WOS:000241057100025 PM 17155246 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Govorov, AO Bryant, GW AF Zhang, Wei Govorov, Alexander O. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Semiconductor-metal nanoparticle molecules: Hybrid excitons and the nonlinear Fano effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE AB Modern nanotechnology opens the possibility of combining nanocrystals of various materials with very different characteristics in one superstructure. Here we study theoretically the optical properties of hybrid molecules composed of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. Excitons and plasmons in such a hybrid molecule become strongly coupled and demonstrate novel properties. At low incident light intensity, the exciton peak in the absorption spectrum is broadened and shifted due to incoherent and coherent interactions between metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. At high light intensity, the absorption spectrum demonstrates a surprising, strongly asymmetric shape. This shape originates from the coherent internanoparticle Coulomb interaction and can be viewed as a nonlinear Fano effect which is quite different from the usual linear Fano resonance. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 22 TC 292 Z9 297 U1 6 U2 95 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 AR 146804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146804 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091VT UT WOS:000241057100061 PM 17155282 ER PT J AU Kumar, KK Rajagopalan, B Hoerling, M Bates, G Cane, M AF Kumar, K. Krishna Rajagopalan, Balaji Hoerling, Martin Bates, Gary Cane, Mark TI Unraveling the mystery of Indian monsoon failure during El Nino SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; RAINFALL; OCEAN AB The 132-year historical rainfall record reveals that severe droughts in India have always been accompanied by El Nino events. Yet El Nino events have not always produced severe droughts. We show that El Nino events with the warmest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific are more effective in focusing drought-producing subsidence over India than events with the warmest SSTs in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The physical basis for such different impacts is established using atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced with idealized tropical Pacific warmings. These findings have important implications for Indian monsoon forecasting. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 NR 18 TC 236 Z9 240 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5796 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1126/science.1131152 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 091LU UT WOS:000241031200048 PM 16959975 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; RAINFALL; MODEL; SST; FLUX AB The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active and destructive on record. One of the factors that likely contributed to this record-breaking season was the presence of exceptionally warm sea surface temperatures (SST) in the tropical North Atlantic. Two long term moored buoys were well positioned to record the anomalous atmospheric and oceanic conditions associated with this warm event. Here we present results from a mixed layer heat budget analysis based on measurements from these buoys. We find that the primary cause of the anomalous warming was a weakening of the northeasterly trade winds and an associated decrease in latent heat loss from the ocean. Important secondary factors include changes in shortwave radiation and horizontal oceanic heat advection. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19703 DI 10.1029/2006GL027394 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SR UT WOS:000241118100007 ER PT J AU Lee, K Tong, LT Millero, FJ Sabine, CL Dickson, AG Goyet, C Park, GH Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA Key, RM AF Lee, Kitack Tong, Lan T. Millero, Frank J. Sabine, Christopher L. Dickson, Andrew G. Goyet, Catherine Park, Geun-Ha Wanninkhof, Rik Feely, Richard A. Key, Robert M. TI Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters of the world's oceans SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC CARBON; CO2 AB A simple function of sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST) in the form A(T) = a + b (SSS - 35) + c (SSS - 35)(2) + d (SST - 20) + e (SST - 20)(2) fits surface total alkalinity (A(T)) data for each of five oceanographic regimes within an area-weighted uncertainty of +/- 8.1 mu mol kg(-1) (1 sigma). Globally coherent surface A(T) data (n = 5,692) used to derive regional correlations of A(T) with SSS and SST were collected during the global carbon survey in the 1990s. Such region-specific A(T) algorithms presented herein enable the estimation of the global distribution of surface A(T) when observations of SSS and SST are available. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Perpignan, F-66860 Perpignan, France. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, San 31,Hyoja Dong, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Park, Geun-Ha/A-5705-2011; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 NR 12 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19605 DI 10.1029/2006GL027207 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SR UT WOS:000241118100006 ER PT J AU Tirumala, VR Caneba, GT Mancini, DC Wang, HH AF Tirumala, Vijay R. Caneba, Gerard T. Mancini, Derrick C. Wang, H. H. TI Microfabrication by X-ray-induced polymerization above the lower critical solution temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogels; polymerization; X-ray; scattering; lithography ID COIL-GLOBULE TRANSITION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; SINGLE-CHAIN COLLAPSE; POOR-SOLVENT; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); PHASE-TRANSITION; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; MIXED-SOLVENT; FRRPP PROCESS; TO-GLOBULE AB A polymer synthesis method is presented in which chain growth driven by exothermic reaction stimulates a gradual chain collapse. The globular precipitates in such systems can be restrained from coalescing by polymerizing in a quiescent environment. Time-resolved small-angle scattering study of the methacrylic acid polymerization kinetics in a quiescent system above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water reveals the following features of this method: (a) growing oligomers remain as rigid chains until a critical chain length is reached, at which they undergo chain collapse, (b) radius of gyration increases linearly with time until a critical conversion is reached, and (c) radius of gyration remains constant after the critical conversion, even while conversion is gradually increasing. Following this self-stabilizing growth mechanism, we show that nanoparticles can be directly synthesized by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamicle above its LCST in water. The average size of nanoparticles obtained from a polymer-solvent system is expected to be the maximum extent of reaction spread at that monomer concentration. This hypothesis was then verified by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide above their LCST in water, but by initiating the reaction with X-rays shielded by a mask. The microfabricated patterns conform well to the size and shape of the mask used confirming that the growing chains do not propagate beyond the exposed regions as long as the reaction temperature is maintained above the LCST. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tirumala, VR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM vijay@aps.anl.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1002/app.24073 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 077QO UT WOS:000240045000055 ER PT J AU Morey, SL Baig, S Bourassa, MA Dukhovskoy, DS O'Brien, JJ AF Morey, Steven L. Baig, Stephen Bourassa, Mark A. Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S. O'Brien, James J. TI Remote forcing contribution to storm-induced sea level rise during Hurricane Dennis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND; SHELF; OCEAN AB Numerical model experiments are conducted to address the previously unexplained anomalously high storm surge along the Florida coast of Apalachee Bay during Hurricane Dennis (2005). The 2-3 m surge observed during this storm cannot be obviously explained by the relatively weak local winds over this bay 275 km east of the storm center. Realistic and idealized numerical experiments demonstrate that the along-shore winds to the east of the storm center built a high sea level anomaly along the coast which traveled northward to Apalachee Bay as a topographic Rossby wave. The wave was amplified as the storm moved nearly parallel to the shelf and at comparable speed to the wave phase speed. These results suggest that enlarging the domain of the storm surge forecasting models can improve the surge forecast for a storm moving along a similar track, and have now been applied to operational use. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Morey, SL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM morey@coaps.fsu.edu OI Morey, Steven/0000-0002-6585-1688 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19603 DI 10.1029/2006GL027021 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SQ UT WOS:000241118000004 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Moore, C Stribling, P Van Dolah, F Luber, G Wenck, MA AF Villareal, T. A. Moore, C. Stribling, P. Van Dolah, Fran Luber, G. Wenck, M. A. TI Ciguatera fish poisoning - Texas, 1998, and South Carolina, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 935-937, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TEMPERATURE C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, N Charleston, SC USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 13 BP 1581 EP 1582 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 090JS UT WOS:000240948200007 ER PT J AU Aagaard, K Weingartner, TJ Danielson, SL Woodgate, RA Johnson, GC Whitledge, TE AF Aagaard, Knut Weingartner, Thomas J. Danielson, Seth L. Woodgate, Rebecca A. Johnson, Gregory C. Whitledge, Terry E. TI Some controls on flow and salinity in Bering Strait SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; CHUKCHI SEA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; ALASKA AB During 1993-1994, steric forcing of flow through Bering Strait represented a northward sea level drop of similar to 0.7 m from the Bering Sea Basin to the adjacent deep Arctic Ocean, of which similar to 2/3 was due to the salinity difference between the basins. Seasonal variability of steric forcing appears small (<0.05 m), in contrast to large seasonal wind effects. Interannual changes in steric forcing may exceed 20%, however, and warm inflow from the North Atlantic, accumulation of freshwater in the southwest Canada Basin, and temperature and salinity changes in the upper Bering Sea have all contributed to recent changes. The mean salinity balance in Bering Strait is primarily maintained by large runoff to the Bering shelf, dilute coastal inflow from the Gulf of Alaska, and on-shelf movement of saline and nutrient-rich oceanic waters from the Bering Sea Basin. In Bering Strait, therefore, both the throughflow and its salinity are affected by remote events. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Aagaard, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM aagaard@apl.washington.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19602 DI 10.1029/2006GL026612 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SO UT WOS:000241117800004 ER PT J AU Dutton, EG Nelson, DW Stone, RS Longenecker, D Carbaugh, G Harris, JM Wendell, J AF Dutton, Ellsworth G. Nelson, Donald W. Stone, Robert S. Longenecker, David Carbaugh, Gloria Harris, Joyce M. Wendell, James TI Decadal variations in surface solar irradiance as observed in a globally remote network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; CLIMATE; CLOUD; SATELLITE; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ISCCP AB [ 1] Twenty-eight years ( 1977 - 2004) of surface solar irradiance observations at five remote climate observatories are analyzed for long-term temporal variations and spatial representativeness. Autocorrelated temporal variations are suggested in the annual mean irradiance records at some of the sites and in normalized anomaly records for various combinations of the surface sites. These variations are illustrated by first-, second-, and third-degree polynomials as well as by a sinusoidal fit, all of which are used as data smoothers not necessarily representative of any related physical processes, although some fits yield statistically significant coefficients. In general, there is an indication of a decreasing tendency in the early portion of the records and then an increasing tendency until toward the very end of the record. Variations among field sites are seen, with the one Arctic site showing the most departure from the others, with primarily a downward trend for most of the record. The spatial representativeness of each site's annual mean record is investigated using spatial cross correlation with satellite-derived global estimates of the surface solar irradiance. These cross correlations show significant correlations with relatively large areas both contiguous and noncontiguous with the sites. C1 NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dutton, EG (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ellsworth.g.dutton@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19101 DI 10.1029/2005JD006901 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 092TD UT WOS:000241119300001 ER PT J AU Stone, PA Hudson, SD Dalhaimer, P Discher, DE Amis, EJ Migler, KB AF Stone, Philip A. Hudson, Steven D. Dalhaimer, Paul Discher, Dennis E. Amis, Eric J. Migler, Kalman B. TI Dynamics of wormlike micelles in elongational flows SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-POLYMER DYNAMICS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); EXTENSIONAL FLOW; SHEAR-FLOW; CHAIN; MOLECULE; DNA; SIMULATIONS; BIREFRINGENCE AB Wormlike micelles provide an opportunity to study the behavior of semiflexible macromolecules in elongational flows. We constructed a microfluidic cross-flow device coupled with fluorescence microscopy to image individual wormlike micelles and measure their dynamics in planar elongational flow. These polymer micelles prove stable in elongational flow and exhibit a sharp transition between regimes where Brownian motion dominates the micellar dynamics and where the micelles stretch with the flow. The coil-stretch transition and micellar relaxation time were identified by examining a distribution of micelle lengths at various flow rates. The relationship between micellar relaxation time and length is consistent with hydrodynamic theory. At higher Weissenberg number, micelle stretching is nearly as rapid as the rate of stretching of the surrounding fluid, yet also results more frequently in sharply folded conformations. In contrast to DNA in extensional flow, these relatively more stiff macromolecules exhibit fewer alignment modes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 20 BP 7144 EP 7148 AR MA0611016 DI 10.1021/ma0611016 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 087OY UT WOS:000240752900048 ER PT J AU Lawrence, WE Wybourne, MN Carr, SM AF Lawrence, W. E. Wybourne, M. N. Carr, S. M. TI Compressional mode softening and Euler buckling patterns in mesoscopic beams SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; QUANTUM; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATORS; INSTABILITY; CASCADE; SILICON; MEMORY; STATES AB We describe a sequence of Euler buckling instabilities associated with the transverse modes of a mesoscopic beam subjected to compressional strain. As the strain is increased, successively higher normal mode frequencies are driven to zero; each zero signals an instability in the corresponding normal mode that can be realized if all lower instabilities are suppressed by constraints. When expressed in terms of the critical buckling modes, the potential energy functional takes the form of a multimode Ginzburg - Landau system that describes static equilibria in the presence of symmetry breaking forces. This model is used to analyse the complex equilibrium shapes that have been observed experimentally in strained mesoscopic beams. Theoretically predicted critical strain values agree with the appearances of higher order mode structures as the length-to-width aspect ratio increases. The theory also predicts upper bounds on the individual mode amplitudes that are consistent with the data. Based on insights from the theory, we suggest possible origins of the buckling patterns. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Quantum Proc & Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawrence, WE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM jay.lawrence@dartmouth.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 223 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/10/223 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 093YW UT WOS:000241207200005 ER PT J AU Chang, KS Green, ML Suehle, J Vogel, EM Xiong, H Hattrick-Simpers, J Takeuchi, I Famodu, O Ohmori, K Ahmet, P Chikyow, T Majhi, P Lee, BH Gardner, M AF Chang, K. -S. Green, M. L. Suehle, J. Vogel, E. M. Xiong, H. Hattrick-Simpers, J. Takeuchi, I. Famodu, O. Ohmori, K. Ahmet, P. Chikyow, T. Majhi, P. Lee, B. -H. Gardner, M. TI Combinatorial study of Ni-Ti-Pt ternary metal gate electrodes on HfO(2) for the advanced gate stack SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRICS; SI AB The authors have fabricated combinatorial Ni-Ti-Pt ternary metal gate thin film libraries on HfO(2) using magnetron co-sputtering to investigate flatband voltage shift (Delta V(fb)), work function (Phi(m)), and leakage current density (J(L)) variations. A more negative Delta V(fb) is observed close to the Ti-rich corner than at the Ni- and Pt-rich corners, implying smaller Phi(m) near the Ti-rich corners and higher Phi(m) near the Ni- and Pt-rich corners. In addition, measured J(L) values can be explained consistently with the observed Phi(m) variations. Combinatorial methodologies prove to be useful in surveying the large compositional space of ternary alloy metal gate electrode systems. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Chang, KS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kao-shuo.chang@nist.gov RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008; Ohmori, Kenji/M-6291-2014 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361; Ohmori, Kenji/0000-0002-5312-319X NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 14 AR 142108 DI 10.1063/1.2357011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091VR UT WOS:000241056900053 ER PT J AU Gaudiosi, DM Gagnon, E Lytle, AL Fiore, JL Gibson, EA Kane, S Squier, J Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Jimenez, R Backus, S AF Gaudiosi, David M. Gagnon, Etienne Lytle, Amy L. Fiore, Julie L. Gibson, Emily A. Kane, Steve Squier, Jeff Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Jimenez, Ralph Backus, Sterling TI Multi-kilohertz repetition rate Ti : sapphire amplifier based on down-chirped pulse amplification SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REGENERATIVE AMPLIFICATION; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; LASER SYSTEM; 1 KHZ; GENERATION AB We present a novel ultrafast multipass laser amplifier design optimized for sub-millijoule output energy and capable of being operated at repetition rates exceeding 40 kHz. This ti: sapphire based system makes use of a grism based stretcher, a cryogenically cooled ti: sapphire crystal and an astigmatically compensated multipass amplifier design that allows for pumping with significantly lower pump pulse energies than has been demonstrated to date. We also make use of the downchirped pulse amplification scheme to minimize loss in the pulse compression process. Preliminary experiments demonstrate an output pulse energy of 290 mu J at 10 kHz and 270 mu J at 15 kHz with a pulse duration of 36 fs. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Horiba Jobin Yvon, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gaudiosi, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM David.Gaudiosi@colorado.edu RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 2 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 20 BP 9277 EP 9283 DI 10.1364/OE.14.009277 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 090VP UT WOS:000240981000040 PM 19529310 ER PT J AU Kirchner, MS Fortier, TM Bartels, A Diddams, SA AF Kirchner, M. S. Fortier, T. M. Bartels, A. Diddams, S. A. TI A low-threshold self-referenced Ti: Sapphire optical frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REPETITION-RATE; LASER SYSTEM; FEMTOSECOND; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILIZATION AB We demonstrate an octave-spanning, self-referenced optical frequency comb produced with a high-repetition- rate (frep=585 MHz) femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser that requires less than 1 W of 532 nm pump power. The frequency comb was stabilized to a CW laser as required for optical clocks and low noise frequency synthesis. These results should be relevant for applications that require more-compact and efficient frequency combs. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gigaopt GMBH, D-78462 Constance, Germany. RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mkirchne@boulder.nist.gov RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 2 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 20 BP 9531 EP 9536 DI 10.1364/OE.14.009531 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 090VP UT WOS:000240981000070 PM 19529340 ER PT J AU Jee, CSY Guo, ZX Stoliarov, SI Nyden, MR AF Jee, C. S. Y. Guo, Z. X. Stoliarov, S. I. Nyden, M. R. TI Experimental and molecular dynamics studies of the thermal decomposition of a polyisobutylene binder SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE powder processing; injection moulding; molecular dynamics simulations; polymer debinding; polyisobutylene ID DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; REMOVAL; OPTIMIZATION; DEPENDENCE; OLIGOMERS; MECHANISM; PRODUCTS; BURNOUT AB Polymer debinding is involved in many powder metallurgy processes, where clean removal of the binder is essential to ensure a sound product. This investigation focuses on polyisobutylene (PIB) as a fugitive binder, with titanium powder as a model system. The kinetics and products of debinding were evaluated using thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared evolved gas analyses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The monomer isobutylene was identified as the most abundant decomposition product; however, other species including 2.2,4-trimethylpentane and oligomers of isobutylene were also observed. Computer simulations were carried out using a reactive molecular dynamics code, to clarify further the decomposition mechanisms, reaction paths and the possible effect of titanium on decomposition. Both computer and experimental results indicate that the presence of the titanium does not affect the kinetics of the decomposition of I'IB, but does influence secondary reactions, e.g., further dissociation of the monomer. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. Galaxy Sci Corp, Egg Harbor Twp, NJ 08234 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, ZX (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Mat, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM x.guo@qmul.ac.uk RI Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009 OI Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4803 EP 4813 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.014 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900016 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Barcelo, D Garrigues, P Turle, R AF Wise, Stephen A. Barcelo, Damia Garrigues, Philippe Turle, Richard TI Advances in analytical techniques for environmental analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5472, LPTC, F-33405 Talence, France. Nat Resources Canada, CANMET Energy Technol Ctr Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, Canada. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov OI Barcelo, Damia/0000-0002-8873-0491 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 765 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0768-8 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200001 PM 17019584 ER PT J AU Kucklick, JR Helm, PA AF Kucklick, John R. Helm, Paul A. TI Advances in the environmental analysis of polychlorinated naphthalenes and toxaphene SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE chiral analysis; separations; instrumentation; GC; organic compounds/trace organic compounds; pesticides; endocrine disruptors ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; ENANTIOMER SELECTIVE SEPARATION; CONGENER-SPECIFIC DETERMINATION; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION AB Recent advances in the analysis of the chlorinated environmental pollutants polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and toxaphene are highlighted in this review. Method improvements have been realized for PCNs over the past decade in isomer-specific quantification, peak resolution, and the availability of mass-labeled standards. Toxaphene method advancements include the application of new capillary gas chromatographic (GC) stationary phases, mass spectrometry (MS), especially ion trap MS, and the availability of Standard Reference Materials that are value-assigned for total toxaphene and selected congener concentrations. An area of promise for the separation of complex mixtures such as PCNs and toxaphene is the development of multidimensional GC techniques. The need for continued advancements and efficiencies in the analysis of contaminants such as PCNs and toxaphene remains as monitoring requirements for these compound classes are established under international agreements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Ontario Minist Environm, Environm Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.kucklick@nist.gov NR 188 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 819 EP 836 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0757-y PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200005 PM 17019585 ER PT J AU Poster, DL Schantz, MM Sander, LC Wise, SA AF Poster, Dianne L. Schantz, Michele M. Sander, Lane C. Wise, Stephen A. TI Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; gas chromatography; capillary columns; mass spectrometry; environmental samples ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; LARGE-VOLUME INJECTION; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYSILOXANE; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION THERMAL-DESORPTION; SORPTIVE EXTRACTION SBSE; ION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; OF-THE-ART AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently measured in the atmosphere for air quality assessment, in biological tissues for health-effects monitoring, in sediments and mollusks for environmental monitoring, and in foodstuffs for safety reasons. In contemporary analysis of these complex matrices, gas chromatography (GC), rather than liquid chromatography (LC), is often the preferred approach for separation, identification, and quantification of PAHs, largely because GC generally affords greater selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity than LC. This article reviews modern-day GC and state-of-the-art GC techniques used for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples. Standard test methods are discussed. GC separations of PAHs on a variety of capillary columns are examined, and the properties and uses of selected mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are presented. PAH literature on GC with MS techniques, including chemical ionization, ion-trap MS, time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS), and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), is reviewed. Enhancements to GC, for example large-volume injection, thermal desorption, fast GC, and coupling of GC to LC, are also discussed with regard to the determination of PAHs in an effort to demonstrate the vigor and robustness GC continues to achieve in the analytical sciences. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poster, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM poster@nist.gov NR 193 TC 150 Z9 161 U1 24 U2 149 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 859 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0771-0 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200007 PM 17019586 ER PT J AU Peck, AM AF Peck, Aaron M. TI Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE HHCB; sunscreen agents; triclosan; triclocarban; DEET; emerging compounds ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC MUSK FRAGRANCES; FILTER 4-METHYLBENZYLIDENE CAMPHOR; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION AB Concern about the environmental fate and potential effects of synthetic organic chemicals used in soaps, lotions, toothpaste, and other personal care products continues to increase. This review describes procedures used for the analysis of five classes of these compounds-synthetic musk fragrances, antimicrobials, ultraviolet filters, insect repellents, and parabens-in water, sediment, sewage sludge, air, and aquatic biota. The primary focus is on sample extraction and preparation methods for these compounds. Instrumental methods commonly used for these compounds are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Peck, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 St Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM aaron.peck@nist.gov NR 166 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 11 U2 110 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 907 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0728-3 PG 33 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200010 PM 17047946 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM AF Schantz, Michele M. TI Pressurized liquid extraction in environmental analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE pressurized liquid extraction; pressurized fluid extraction; accelerated solvent extraction; PLE; PFE; ASE ID ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION AB A critical evaluation of recent literature utilizing pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for environmental analysis is presented by compound class. Overall, the extraction efficiency of PLE, using the appropriate solvent, temperature and pressure for extraction, is similar to that of Soxhlet extraction. PLE has been used for some classes of compounds that are thermally labile (e.g., explosives) and may require acidic conditions for extraction (e.g., organometallic compounds). References to recent applications are presented emphasizing studies which utilize unspiked, natural matrices and studies that compare PLE to alternate extraction techniques. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov NR 57 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0648-2 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200018 PM 16896622 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Murphy, KE Becker, DA Davis, WC Kelly, WR Long, SE Sieber, JR AF Zeisler, Rolf Murphy, Karen E. Becker, Donald A. Davis, W. Clay Kelly, W. Robert Long, Stephen E. Sieber, John R. TI Standard Reference Materials (R) (SRMs) for measurement of inorganic environmental contaminants SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE cryogenic processing; homogeneity; instrumental neutron-activation analysis; isotope-dilution mass spectrometry; mercury; optical-emission spectrometry; sulfur; trace elements; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; ACCURATE DETERMINATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FOSSIL-FUELS; MERCURY; SULFUR; CERTIFICATION; INAA AB NIST has developed an extensive collection of environmental SRMs, starting with fuel and biologically related materials in the late 1960s and now encompassing all sectors of environmental research. Advances in analytical methodology, including multi-element isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and expanded instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) capabilities, enable value assignment based on fewer but better-characterized independent analytical techniques. The special advantages of IDMS for determination of S and Hg and for multi-element characterization of small-sample air particulate matter (SRM 2783) by IDMS and INAA are emphasized. Developments in materials production include the issuance of fresh-frozen biological materials and of jet-milled natural-matrix materials with improved homogeneity, including highly homogeneous air particulate matter and sediment SRMs for small-sample analytical techniques. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov; karen.murphy@nist.gov; dbecker99@isp.com; Clay.Davis@noaa.gov; bob.kelly@nist.gov; stephen.long@nist.gov; john.sieber@nist.gov NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1151 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0785-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200025 PM 17019587 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Poster, DL Kucklick, JR Keller, JM VanderPol, SS Sander, LC Schantz, MM AF Wise, Stephen A. Poster, Dianne L. Kucklick, John R. Keller, Jennifer M. VanderPol, Stacy S. Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. TI Standard reference materials (SRMs) for determination of organic contaminants in environmental samples SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE reference materials; standard reference materials; hydrocarbons (halogenated vertical bar polycyclic); organic compounds/trace organic compounds; certified reference materials ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; POLYSILOXANE STATIONARY PHASES; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; AIR PARTICULATE MATTER; COAL-TAR AB For the past 25 years the National Inst of Standards and Technology (NIST)has developed certified reference materials (CRMs), known as standard reference materials (SRMs), for determination of organic contaminants in environmental matrices. Assignment of certified concentrations has usually been based on combining results from two or more independent analytical methods. The first-generation environmental-matrix SRMs were issued with certified concentrations for a limited number (5 to 10) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Improvements in the analytical certification approach significantly expanded the number and classes of contaminants determined. Environmental-matrix SRMs currently available include air and diesel particulate matter, coal tar, marine and river sediment, mussel tissue, fish oil and tissue, and human serum, with concentrations typically assigned for 50 to 90 organic contaminants, for example PAHs, nitro-substituted PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 142 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 386 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1190 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0719-4 PG 38 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 098SN UT WOS:000241543200026 PM 17047949 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JW Carpenter, S AF Mitchell, James W. Carpenter, Steve TI Parts per billion doping and characterization of uranium distribution in an epoxy polymer matrix SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION; TRACKS AB Fromulating an epoxy polymer provides a broadly applicable method for homogeneously doping a chemically stable, particulate-resistant, and radiation-hardened matrix with virtually any trace elements of interest. In the example reported, control of uranium levels over the range, 15 mu g/g-15 ng/g, is demonstrated. Fission track density determinations, referenced to NIST SRMs, indicate (+/- 5% variations in lateral uranium distributions. Determinations of levels of uranium impurities in commercially available high-purity samples of graphite, fused silica, and aluminum show respective nanogram per gram ranges of 3 +/- 0.1-5 +/- 0.3, 3 +/- 0.8-27 +/- 2, and 113 +/- 11-546 +/- 11. The prepared polymer materials cover 3 orders of magnitude of uranium levels in an ideal matrix. This accomplishes the prerequisite for subsequent investigations of the chemistry occurring at fission fragment-induced damage sites of selected track registering materials as a function of controlled reactive site densities. The matrix also serves as a source of swift heavy ions for creating nanoscale features in dielectric materials. C1 Howard Univ, CREST Nanomat Characterizat Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, JW (reprint author), Howard Univ, CREST Nanomat Characterizat Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM jwm@msrce.howard.edu; scarpenter@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 19 BP 6955 EP 6958 DI 10.1021/ac061371m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 089DY UT WOS:000240861700043 PM 17007520 ER PT J AU Pahlow, M Muller, D Tesche, M Eichler, H Feingold, G Eberhard, WL Cheng, YF AF Pahlow, Markus Mueller, Detlef Tesche, Matthias Eichler, Heike Feingold, Graham Eberhard, Wynn L. Cheng, Ya-Fang TI Retrieval of aerosol properties from combined multiwavelength lidar and sunphotometer measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PARTICLE PARAMETERS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BACKSCATTER LIDAR; INVERSION ALGORITHM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REGULARIZATION; EXTINCTION; NETWORK; AERONET AB Simulation studies were carried out with regard to the feasibility of using combined observations from sunphotometer (SPM) and lidar for microphysical characterization of aerosol particles, i.e., the retrieval of effective radius, volume, and surface-area concentrations. It was shown that for single, homogeneous aerosol layers, the aerosol parameters can be retrieved with an average accuracy of 30% for a wide range of particle size distributions. Based on the simulations, an instrument combination consisting of a lidar that measures particle backscattering at 355 and 1574 nm, and a SPM that measures at three to four channels in the range from 340 to 1020 nm is a promising tool for aerosol characterization. The inversion algorithm has been tested for a set of experimental data. The comparison with the particle size distribution parameters, measured with in situ instrumentation at the lidar site, showed good agreement. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Pahlow, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM markus.pahlow@rub.de RI Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015; MUELLER, DETLEF/F-1010-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; MUELLER, DETLEF/0000-0002-0203-7654; Pahlow, Markus/0000-0001-8673-2509; Tesche, Matthias/0000-0003-0096-4785 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 7429 EP 7442 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007429 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MZ UT WOS:000240886000029 PM 16983432 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong TI Combined Henyey-Greenstein and Rayleigh phase function SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PART I; ASSIMILATION AB The phase function is an important parameter that affects the distribution of scattered radiation. In Rayleigh scattering, a scatterer is approximated by a dipole, and its phase function is analytically related to the scattering angle. For the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) approximation, the phase function preserves only the correct asymmetry factor (i.e., the first moment), which is essentially important for anisotropic scattering. When the HG function is applied to small particles, it produces a significant error in radiance. In addition, the FIG function is applied only for an intensity radiative transfer. We develop a combined HG and Rayleigh (HG-Rayleigh) phase function. The HG phase function plays the role of modulator extending the application of the Rayleigh phase function for small asymmetry scattering. The HG-Rayleigh phase function guarantees the correct asymmetry factor and is valid for a polarization radiative transfer. It approaches the Rayleigh phase function for small particles. Thus the HG-Rayleigh phase fauction has wider applications for both intensity and polarimetric radiative transfers. For microwave radiative transfer modeling in this study, the largest errors in the brightness temperature calculations for weak asymmetry scattering are generally below 0.02 K by using the HG-Rayleigh phase function. The errors can be much larger, in the 1-3 K range, if the Rayleigh and HG functions are applied separately. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 7475 EP 7479 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007475 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MZ UT WOS:000240886000033 PM 16983436 ER PT J AU Wilpers, G Oates, CW Hollberg, L AF Wilpers, G. Oates, C. W. Hollberg, L. TI Improved uncertainty budget for optical frequency measurements with microkelvin neutral atoms: Results for a high-stability Ca-40 optical frequency standard SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER; CALCIUM ATOMS; CLOCK; SPECTROSCOPY; TIME; INTERFEROMETER; STRONTIUM; SHIFTS; LEVEL; NOISE AB Using a Ca optical frequency standard at 657 nm, we demonstrate a method that reduces uncertainties in absolute frequency measurements of optical transitions using freely expanding neutral atoms. Working with atoms that have been laser cooled to 10 mu K, we have developed and employed a new technique that combines launching of cold atom clouds with atom interferometry to measure and optimise spectroscopy beam parameters. When applied to a frequency standard with laser beams of high spatial quality, this approach can potentially reduce residual Doppler effect uncertainties to well below one part in 10(16). With Doppler uncertainties greatly suppressed, we investigate other potential shifts at the 1-Hz level with a multiplexed measurement system that takes advantage of the low instability of the calcium frequency standard (4x10(-15) at 1 s). The resultant fractional frequency uncertainty for the standard is 6.6x10(-15), the lowest uncertainty reported to date for a neutral atom optical standard. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oates@boulder.nist.gov NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2400-1 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 084GA UT WOS:000240519300007 ER PT J AU Outola, I Filliben, J Inn, KGW La Rosa, J McMahon, CA Peck, GA Twining, J Tims, SG Fifield, LK Smedley, P Anton, MP Gasco, C Povinec, P Pham, MK Raaum, A Wei, HJ Krijger, GC Bouisset, P Litherland, AE Kieser, WE Betti, M Heras, LADL Hong, GH Holm, E Skipperud, L Harms, AV Arinc, A Youngman, M Arnold, D Wershofen, H Sill, DS Bohrer, S Dahlgaard, H Croudace, IW Warwick, PE Ikaheimonen, TK Klemola, S Vakulovsky, SM Sanchez-Cabeza, JA AF Outola, I. Filliben, J. Inn, K. G. W. La Rosa, J. McMahon, C. A. Peck, G. A. Twining, J. Tims, S. G. Fifield, L. K. Smedley, P. Anton, M. P. Gasco, C. Povinec, P. Pham, M. K. Raaum, A. Wei, H. -J. Krijger, G. C. Bouisset, P. Litherland, A. E. Kieser, W. E. Betti, M. Heras, L. Aldave de las Hong, G. H. Holm, E. Skipperud, L. Harms, A. V. Arinc, A. Youngman, M. Arnold, D. Wershofen, H. Sill, D. S. Bohrer, S. Dahlgaard, H. Croudace, I. W. Warwick, P. E. Ikaheimonen, T. K. Klemola, S. Vakulovsky, S. M. Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A. TI Characterization of the NIST Seaweed Standard Reference Material SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE reference material; seaweed; intercomparison AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) for seaweed was developed through an interlaboratory comparison with 24 participants from 16 countries. After evaluating different techniques to calculate certified values for the radionuclides, the median method was found to be the most representative technique. The certified values were provided for 13 radionuclides and information values were given for 15 more radionuclides. Results for the natural decay series showed disequilibrium in both the uranium and thorium series. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. IAEA Marine Environm Lab, Monaco, Monaco. Inst Energy Technol, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Inst Nucl Energy Res, Lungtan 32500, Taiwan. Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Orsay, France. IsoTrace, Toronto, ON, Canada. Inst Transuranium Elements, CEC JRC, Karlsruhe, Germany. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan, South Korea. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Agr Univ Norway, N-1432 As, Norway. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Sci Prod Assoc Typhoon, Obninsk, Russia. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. RP Outola, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iisa.outola@nist.gov RI Gasco Leonarte, Catalina/A-3041-2010; Tims, Stephen/P-6505-2015; Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A./Q-2394-2016; OI Gasco Leonarte, Catalina/0000-0003-2409-6716; Tims, Stephen/0000-0001-6014-0126; Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A./0000-0002-3540-1168; Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X; Skipperud, Lindis/0000-0001-5249-0409; Warwick, Phillip/0000-0001-8774-5125; Croudace, Ian/0000-0003-1547-5650 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.029 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900032 PM 16549359 ER PT J AU Volkovitsky, P AF Volkovitsky, Peter TI NIST Rn-222 emission standards SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE radon; standards; emanation factor; radon diffusion ID EMANATION STANDARDS; CALIBRATION; DIFFUSION; MONITORS AB NIST radon standards are hermetically sealed polyethylene capsules filled with 226 Ra solution. Recently, four new series of standards with activities 5, 50, 500, and 5000 Bq were prepared. The measured emanation fraction agrees with a calculation that accounts for the radon accumulated inside the polyethylene walls of the capsule. Obtained solubility of radon in polyethylene is approximately 4 of the solubility of radon in water. The radon diffusion coefficient in low-density polyethylene is 7.2 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Volkovitsky, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.volkovitsky@nist.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1249 EP 1252 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.031 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900033 PM 16545958 ER PT J AU Pibida, L Unterweger, M Karam, L AF Pibida, L. Unterweger, M. Karam, L. TI Development of gamma-ray emitting test sources for portal monitors SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE gamma-ray sources; ANSI N42.35; ANSI N42.38; source design; source preparation; radioactivity AB A new set of gamma-ray emitting test sources was designed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for testing of radiation portal monitors for homeland security applications. This paper provides a description of the construction and characterization of these new sources that were designed and built to meet the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) N42.35-2004 and N42.38 standards' requirements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1271 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.074 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900037 PM 16567097 ER PT J AU Pibida, L Hsieh, E Fuentes-Figueroa, A Hammond, MM Karam, L AF Pibida, L. Hsieh, E. Fuentes-Figueroa, A. Hammond, M. M. Karam, L. TI Software studies for germanium detectors data analysis SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE germanium detectors; gamma-ray spectrometry; data analysis; efficiency measurements AB Efficiency calibrations of multiple high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are being maintained at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Four generally available software packages for HPGe detector gamma-ray spectrum analysis, including the one currently used at NIST, were tested on spectra collected from two HPGe detectors at different source-to-detector distances and using point sources and ampoules as calibration geometries. The resulting efficiency curves were inter-compared. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Montgomery Blair High Sch, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1313 EP 1318 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.076 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900045 PM 16564692 ER PT J AU Schultz, MK Hammond, M Cessnaa, JT Plascjak, P Norman, B Szajek, L Garmestani, K Zimmerman, BE Unterweger, M AF Schultz, Michael K. Hammond, Michelle Cessnaa, Jeffrey T. Plascjak, Paul Norman, Bruce Szajek, Lawrence Garmestani, Kayhan Zimmerman, Brian E. Unterweger, Michael TI Assessing the At-210 impurity in the production of At-211 for radiotherapy by Po-210 analysis via isotope dilution alpha spectrometry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE astatine-211; cyclotron production; radiotherapy; impurity analysis; astatine-210; polonium-210; isotope dilution; alpha spectrometry ID CYCLOTRON PRODUCTION AB A method for assessing the impurity At-210 in cyclotron-produced At-211 via isotope dilution alpha spectrometry is presented. The activity of At-210 is quantified by measuring the activity of daughter nuclide Po-210. Counting sources are prepared by spontaneous deposition of Po on a silver disc. Activity of At-210 (at the time of Po-210 maximum activity) is found to be 83.5 +/- 9.0 Bq, corresponding to an atom ratio (At-210:At-211 at the time of distillation) of 0.010 +/- 0.007% (k = 2). The method produces high-quality alpha spectra, with baseline alpha-peak resolution and chemical yields of greater than 85%. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 21702 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Cyclotron Facil, Bethesda, MD USA. IAEA, Dosimetry & Radiat Phys Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Schultz, MK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 21702 USA. EM michael.schultz@nist.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.046 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900054 PM 16563782 ER PT J AU Schultz, ZD Gurau, MC Richter, LJ AF Schultz, Zachary D. Gurau, Marc C. Richter, Lee J. TI Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy characterization of polymer thin films SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy; CARS; broadband CARS; nonlinear spectroscopy; Raman; thin films ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MULTIPLEX CARS SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; POLYTHIOPHENE FILM; INTERFACES; SPECTRA; SURFACE; SERS; PULSES AB Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is demonstrated as an effective probe of polymer thin film materials. A simple modification to a 1 kHz broad bandwidth sum frequency generation (SFG) spectrometer permits acquisition of CARS spectra for polymer thin films less than 100 nm thick, a dimension relevant to organic electronic device applications. CARS spectra are compared to the conventional Raman spectra of polystyrene and the resonance-enhanced Raman spectra of poly(3-hexylthiophene). The CARS spectra obtained under these conditions consistently demonstrate enhanced signal-to-noise ratio compared to the spontaneous Raman scattering. The sensitivity of the CARS measurement is limited by the damage threshold of the samples. The dielectic properties of the substrate have a dramatic effect on the detected signal intensity. For ultrathin films, the strongest signals are obtained from fused silica surfaces. Similar to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), An also gives a large signal, but contrary to SERS, no surface roughening is necessary. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schultz, ZD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.schultz@nist.gov RI Schultz, Zachary/L-5724-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Schultz, Zachary/0000-0003-1741-8801; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1097 EP 1102 DI 10.1366/000370206778664680 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 093CE UT WOS:000241144000002 PM 17059660 ER PT J AU Colt, J Plesha, P Huguenin, J AF Colt, John Plesha, Paul Huguenin, John TI Impact of net positive suction head on the design and operation of seawater pumping systems for use in aquaculture SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE marine intakes; pumps; net positive suction head; engineering design AB There are a number of different types of pumping systems that can be used for marine aquaculture systems. Five common types include: (a) pier mounted pumps, (b) package pump stations, (c) submersible pumps, (d) float mounted pumps, and (e) pumps that only operated over part of the tidal cycle. The ability of these systems to successfully operate under tidal conditions at 48 sites along the United States coasts was evaluated as a function of pump elevation, suction side head losses, water temperature, and salinity. This analysis provides insight into the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach and presents procedures to assist in the engineering analysis for specific applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Massachusetts Maritime Acad, Dept Engn, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.03.001 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 089SD UT WOS:000240900100004 ER PT J AU Talbot, SL Wyllie-Echeverria, S Ward, DH Rearick, JR Sage, GK Chesney, B Phillips, RC AF Talbot, S. L. Wyllie-Echeverria, S. Ward, D. H. Rearick, J. R. Sage, G. K. Chesney, B. Phillips, R. C. TI Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Zostera marina; Z. japonica; Z. asiatica; ITS; matK ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWERING TIME; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE DATA; DNA BARCODES; MARINA L.; SEAGRASSES; EELGRASS; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS AB We gathered sequence information from the nuclear 5.8S rDNA gene and associated internal transcribed spacers, ITS-1 and ITS-2 (5.8S rDNA/ ITS), and the chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene, from Zostera samples collected from subfidal habitats in Monterey and Santa Barbara (Isla Vista) bays, California, to test the hypothesis that these plants are conspecific with Z asiatica Miki of Asia. Sequences from approximately 520 base pairs of the nuclear 5.8S rDNA/ITS obtained from the subtidal Monterey and Isla Vista Zostera samples were identical to homologous sequences obtained from Z marina collected from intertidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California. Similarly, sequences from the matK gene from the subfidal Zostera samples were identical to matK sequences obtained from Z marina collected from interfidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California, but differed from Z asiatica sequences accessioned into GenBank. This suggests the subtidal plants are conspecific with Z marina, not Z asiatica. However, we found that herbarium samples accessioned into the Kyoto University Herbarium, determined to be Z asiatica, yielded 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequences consistent with either Z japonica, in two cases, or Z marina, in one case. Similar results were observed for the chloroplast matK gene; we found haplotypes that were inconsistent with published matK sequences from Z asiatica collected from Japan. These results underscore the need for closer examination of the relationship between Z marina along the Pacific Coast of North America, and Z asiatica of Asia, for the retention and verification of specimens examined in scientific studies, and for assessment of the usefulness of morphological characters in the determination of taxonomic relationships within Zosteraceae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resouces, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. Inst Biol So Seas, UA-99011 Crimea, Ukraine. RP Talbot, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 701, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sandy_talbot@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.03.011 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 072YG UT WOS:000239708500001 ER PT J AU Buzitis, J Ylitalo, GM Krahn, MM AF Buzitis, J. Ylitalo, G. M. Krahn, M. M. TI Rapid method for determination of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and other congeners in marine sediments using sonic extraction and photodiode array detection SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; RIVER; PCBS; CONTAMINANTS; CHLOROBIPHENYLS; TISSUES; CHINA AB A rapid method has been developed to measure dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners as well as other selected PCBs in sediment. The analytes were extracted from sediment by sonication with dichloromethane, and the PCBs were separated from interfering compounds on a gravity-flow cleanup column packed with acidic, basic, and neutral silica gels eluted with 1:1 hexane:pentane (v/v). Subsequently, the dioxin-like PCB congeners were resolved from nonplanar PCBs and other chlorinated compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two important advantages of PDA over conventional UV detection are the ability to identify individual analytes by comparing their UV spectra with those of reference standards and the ability to establish the spectral homogeneity (purity) of the analytes by comparing spectra within a peak to the apex spectrum. The HPLC-PDA method was tested with reference and marine sediment samples. Concentrations of selected dioxin-like PCBs, selected nonplanar PCBs, and summed PCBs in sediments and National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials determined by our rapid HPLC-PDA method were comparable with the levels in the same samples analyzed by alternative comprehensive methods (i.e., gas chromatography-electron capture detection or high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry). C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Buzitis, J (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jon.buzitis@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0162-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 078JH UT WOS:000240098500003 PM 16832717 ER PT J AU Karoly, DJ Stott, PA AF Karoly, David J. Stott, Peter A. TI Anthropogenic warming of central England temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; Central England temperature; detection and attribution; climate variability; climate modelling; North Atlantic Oscillation AB The variability of central England temperature (CET) at inter annual, decadal and 50-year time scales, as simulated by the HadCM3 model, agrees well with its observed variability over the period 1700-1900. The observed warming in annual-mean CET of about 1.0 degrees C since 1950 is very unlikely to be due to natural climate variations and is consistent with the response to anthropogenic (ANT) forcing, demonstrating a significant human influence on this warming. (C) Crown Copyright 2006. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Karoly, David J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Stott, Peter A.] Univ Reading, Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Reading Unit, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. RP Karoly, DJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dkaroly@ou.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 FU Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [PECD 7/12/37] FX This research was completed in part while DJK was a Visiting Scientist at the Hadley Centre (Reading Unit) in June-July 2005. DJK was supported by the Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation. PAS was funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under contract PECD 7/12/37. The comments from two anonymous reviewers led to significant improvements in this paper. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1002/asl.136 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V19DJ UT WOS:000208052800002 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Curtis, JE Azzam, S Novikov, VN Peral, I Chowdhuri, Z Gregory, RB Sokolov, AP AF Roh, J. H. Curtis, J. E. Azzam, S. Novikov, V. N. Peral, I. Chowdhuri, Z. Gregory, R. B. Sokolov, A. P. TI Influence of hydration on the dynamics of lysozyme SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTON MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYCRYSTALLINE AMINO-ACIDS; INTERNAL MOLECULAR MOTIONS; VERY-LOW HYDRATION; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; SOLID-STATE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE AB Quasielastic neutron and light-scattering techniques along with molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the influence of hydration on the internal dynamics of lysozyme. We identified three major relaxation processes that contribute to the observed dynamics in the picosecond to nanosecond time range: 1) fluctuations of methyl groups; 2), fast picosecond relaxation; and 3), a slow relaxation process. A low-temperature onset of anharmonicity at T similar to 100 K is ascribed to methyl-group dynamics that is not sensitive to hydration level. The increase of hydration level seems to first increase the fast relaxation process and then activate the slow relaxation process at h similar to 0.2. The quasielastic scattering intensity associated with the slow process increases sharply with an increase of hydration to above h similar to 0.2. Activation of the slow process is responsible for the dynamical transition at T similar to 200 K. The dependence of the slow process on hydration correlates with the hydration dependence of the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, whereas the dependence of the fast process seems to correlate with the hydration dependence of hydrogen exchange of lysozyme. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH USA. RP Sokolov, AP (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 74 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 38 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2573 EP 2588 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.082214 PG 16 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 082EE UT WOS:000240368700019 PM 16844746 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Bell, MM Aberson, SD Black, ML AF Montgomery, Michael T. Bell, Michael M. Aberson, Sim D. Black, Michael L. TI Hurricane Isabel (2003): New insights into the physics of intense storms. Part I - Mean vortex structure and maximum intensity estimates SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; EYE DYNAMICS; BONNIE 1998; INNER-CORE; MESOVORTICES; LAYER; SIMULATION; ENERGETICS; STABILITY AB An unprecedented observational analysis of a category-5 hurricane suggests a mechanism by which high-entropy air inside the low-level eye can sustain the storm at an intensity above the currently formulated upper bound for tangential wind speed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Root Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 44 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1335 EP 1347 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1335 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400012 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD Montgomery, MT Bell, M Black, M AF Aberson, Sim D. Montgomery, Michael T. Bell, Michael Black, Michael TI Hurricane Isabel (2003): New insights into the physics of intense storms. Part II - Extreme localized wind SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; EYEWALL; BUOYANCY; RADAR AB A dropwindsonde released into a misoscale feature on the inner edge of the eyewall of Hurricane Isabel measured the strongest documented horizontal wind in a tropical cyclone, consistent with the mechanism described in Part I. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1349 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400013 ER PT J AU Jech, JM Michaels, WL AF Jech, J. Michael Michaels, William L. TI A multifrequency method to classify and evaluate fisheries acoustics data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; HIGH-FREQUENCIES; FISH; PLANKTON; BACKSCATTERING; ABUNDANCE AB Acoustic surveys have been conducted on Georges Bank from 1998 to present to estimate Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) population abundance. Acoustic data were collected with a 12 or 18, 38, and 120 kHz Simrad EK500 scientific echo sounder. A pelagic trawl and underwater video images were used to collect biological information and to verify the species composition of acoustic backscatter. A multifrequency classification method was developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of classifying species from acoustic echograms. In this method, a volume backscatter (S-v) threshold was applied equivalently to all echograms, and then a composite echogram was created based on which frequencies had S-v greater than or less than the S-v threshold. The results of this method were compared with the standard method of visually scrutinizing regions, and metrics were developed to evaluate the accuracy of classification algorithms relative to current methods, as well as to assess the effects of classification methods on population abundance estimates. In general, this method matched visually scrutinized Atlantic herring regions, but with consistent biases in classifying 38 kHz backscatter. The metrics highlighted spatial and temporal changes in the acoustic landscape, which may be indicative of intra- and inter-annual biological changes. C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.jech@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2225 EP 2235 DI 10.1139/F06-126 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400009 ER PT J AU O'Farrell, MR Botsford, LW AF O'Farrell, Michael R. Botsford, Louis W. TI The fisheries management implications of maternal-age-dependent larval survival SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEBASTES-MELANOPS; REFERENCE POINTS; SIZE; FECUNDITY; VIABILITY; GROWTH; RATES; EGGS; FISH; COD AB A common goal of conventional fisheries management is to maintain fishing mortality at a rate that ensures an adequate level of lifetime egg production (LEP) for population sustainability. However, larvae from young spawners can experience higher mortality rates than larvae of older spawners, reducing the effect of egg production by young females (hereafter, maternal age effects). This reduction leads to an error in LEP that can be accounted for by reducing the fishing mortality rate, but raises the question of the magnitude of these errors if they are present but not accounted for. Calculations using parameters from a typical long-lived fish demonstrated that maternal age effects resulted in large errors in estimates of lifetime reproduction when there was a large contrast in the larval mortality rate extending over the reproductive life span. Errors were small when maternal age effects reduced the reproductive potential of only the very youngest spawners, at ages when a small fraction of females are mature. A specific example using the empirically derived maternal age effect for black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) indicated that errors in traditional management would be small for this species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP O'Farrell, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Clara, CA 95060 USA. EM michael.ofarrell@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2249 EP 2258 DI 10.1139/F06-130 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400011 ER PT J AU Fujioka, JT AF Fujioka, Jeffrey T. TI A model for evaluating fishing impacts on habitat and comparing fishing closure strategies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SEA; SHELF; ALASKA AB In response to increasing concern with the effects of fishing on benthic habitat, I show a mathematical model using state transition equations to compute habitat reduction by unifying the processes of fishing impact and habitat recovery. The model assumes habitat is either in an unimpacted state or in an impacted state. The state transition equations describe that fishing decreases unimpacted habitat and the recovery process decreases impacted habitat. The equations are integrated under constant fishing effort for habitat trajectories over time, and the equilibrium habitat level is derived. A difference equation is also derived to model habitat trajectories under varying fishing effort. An exploration of the joint properties of the habitat reduction and catch equations provides guidance in choosing or designing habitat protection measures. Illustrations with the model demonstrate that when harvest levels are maintained, closing heavily fished areas rather than lightly fished areas can result in increased habitat reduction. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fujioka, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jeff.fujioka@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2330 EP 2342 DI 10.1139/F06-120 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400018 ER PT J AU Ford, MJ Fuss, H Boelts, B LaHood, E Hard, J Miller, J AF Ford, Michael J. Fuss, Howard Boelts, Brant LaHood, Eric Hard, Jeffrey Miller, Jason TI Changes in run timing and natural smolt production in a naturally spawning coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population after 60 years of intensive hatchery supplementation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WILD STEELHEAD TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA-RIVER; MICROSATELLITES; SELECTION; MARKERS; TSHAWYTSCHA AB Supplementing natural fish populations with artificially propagated (hatchery) fish is a common practice. In evaluating supplementation, it is important to assess the relative fitness of both hatchery-produced and naturally produced fish when they spawn together in the wild and to evaluate how the absolute fitness of the natural population changes after many generations of supplementation. We evaluated the relative fitness of naturally produced and hatchery-produced coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Minter Creek, Washington, USA. We also evaluated long-term changes in natural smolt production in this stream after several decades of intensive hatchery supplementation. Total smolt production was estimated to be 14 660 and 19 415 in 2002 and 2003, respectively, compared with the average value of 28 425 from 1940 to 1955. We found no significant difference in relative fitness between hatchery and natural fish, probably because the natural population consists largely of fish produced from the hatchery a generation or two previously. There has been a long-term trend for adults to return to the stream earlier in the spawning season. We estimated standardized selection differentials on run timing, with results indicating stabilizing selection with an optimum run timing later than the mean contemporary run timing but earlier than the historical mean run timing. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2343 EP 2355 DI 10.1139/F06-119 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400019 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Sommers, FC Ylitalo, GM Sloan, CA AF Meador, J. P. Sommers, F. C. Ylitalo, G. M. Sloan, C. A. TI Altered growth and related physiological responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PINK SALMON; CRUDE-OIL; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; TELEOST FISH; SURVIVAL; ELIMINATION; ABSORPTION; MORTALITY; GORBUSCHA AB A dietary feeding study with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted with juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to mimic exposure from urban estuaries during their transition from freshwater to seawater. A significant reduction in mean fish dry weight was observed only for the highest doses; however, analysis of variance (ANOVA) using standard deviations and examination of the cumulative frequency plots revealed high variability among all treatments. The skewed fish weight distribution revealed a large number of small fish in several treatments compared with control fish. Analyses of whole-body lipids and several parameters in blood plasma related to growth and metabolism indicated alterations for most treatments. These results and trends in growth, plasma chemistry, and lipids as a consequence of PAH exposure were similar to those in fish exhibiting starvation, which we have termed "toxicant-induced starvation". Based on these results, we conclude that PAHs are toxic to salmonids at this life stage and the reduction in biomass and lipid stores observed here would have the potential to cause increased mortality for individuals during their first winter. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Assessment Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2364 EP 2376 DI 10.1139/F06-127 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400021 ER PT J AU Rago, PJ Weinberg, JR Weidman, C AF Rago, Paul J. Weinberg, James R. Weidman, Christopher TI A spatial model to estimate gear efficiency and animal density from depletion experiments SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION; REMOVAL METHOD; DELURY METHOD; VARIABLE CATCHABILITY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-SIZE; FISHERY; DREDGE; SEA; MORTALITY AB Depletion experiments are conducted to estimate efficiency of sampling gear and density of organisms. Traditional models for analyzing these experiments make restrictive assumptions that are often violated. We present a new spatial model, suitable for sessile benthic invertebrates, that does not depend on these restrictive assumptions. The new model (i) allows flexibility during the experiment in choosing the spatial location of successive samples, (ii) does not require organisms or successive samples to be randomized over the entire area of the experiment, and (iii) permits target organisms to be lost or added during the experiment. The model treats total catch per sample as a sum of catches from smaller cells with different, but known, sampling histories. A negative binomial model is used to describe the distribution of catches from tows made during the depletion experiment. Maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate parameters, derive confidence regions for parameters, and evaluate goodness of fit between data and the model. Data from an experiment involving Atlantic surfclams (Spisula solidissima) are used to demonstrate the model. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Waquoit Nay Natl Estuarine Res Serv, Waquoit, MA 02536 USA. RP Rago, PJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM paul.rago@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2377 EP 2388 DI 10.1139/F06-121 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400022 ER PT J AU Barsugli, JJ Shin, SI Sardeshmukh, PD AF Barsugli, Joseph J. Shin, Sang-Ik Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Sensitivity of global warming to the pattern of tropical ocean warming SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SST ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; MODEL; FEEDBACKS; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM AB The current generations of climate models are in substantial disagreement as to the projected patterns of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Tropics over the next several decades. We show that the spatial patterns of tropical ocean temperature trends have a strong influence on global mean temperature and precipitation and on global mean radiative forcing. We identify the SST patterns with the greatest influence on the global mean climate and find very different, and often opposing, sensitivities to SST changes in the tropical Indian and West Pacific Oceans. Our work stresses the need to reduce climate model biases in these sensitive regions, as they not only affect the regional climates of the nearby densely populated continents, but also have a disproportionately large effect on the global climate. C1 CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barsugli, JJ (reprint author), CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.barsugli@noaa.gov RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396 NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0143-7 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076KM UT WOS:000239956700003 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, CA Lukas, JJ AF Woodhouse, Connie A. Lukas, Jeffrey J. TI Multi-century tree-ring reconstructions of Colorado streamflow for water resource planning SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RIVER FLOW; VARIABILITY; SNOWPACK; DROUGHT; BASIN AB Water resource management requires knowledge of the natural variability in streamflow over multiple time scales. Reconstructions of streamflow derived from moisture-sensitive trees extend, in both time and magnitude, the variability provided by relatively short gage records. In this study, we present a network of 14 annual streamflow reconstructions, 300-600 years long, for gages in the Upper Colorado and South Platte River basins in Colorado generated from new and existing tree-ring chronologies. Gages for the reconstruction were selected on the basis of their importance to two of the largest Colorado Front Range water providers, who provided the natural flow data for the calibration with tree-ring data. The reconstruction models explain 63-76% of the variance in the gage records and capture low flows particularly well. Analyses of the reconstructions indicate that the 20th century gage record does not fully represent the range of streamflow characteristics seen in the prior two to five centuries. Multi-year drought events more severe than the 1950s drought have occurred, notably in the 19th century, and the distribution of extreme low flow years is markedly uneven over the past three centuries. When the 14 reconstructions are grouped into Upper Colorado, northern South Platte, and southern South Platte regional flow reconstructions, the three time series show a high degree of coherence, but also time-varying divergences that may reflect the differential influence of climatic features operating in the western U.S. These reconstructions are currently being used by water managers to assess the reliability of water supply systems under a broader range of conditions than indicated by the gage records alone. C1 NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Connie.Woodhouse@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2-4 BP 293 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9055-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 089RM UT WOS:000240898300003 ER PT J AU Yang, B Tewary, VK AF Yang, B. Tewary, V. K. TI Efficient Green's function modeling of line and surface defects in multilayered anisotropic elastic and piezoelectric materials SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; defects; dislocations; elasticity; Fourier transforms; Green's function; multilayers; piezoelectricity; semiconductors; steps; Stroh formalism ID MOVING DISLOCATIONS; THIN-FILMS; BIMATERIALS; SOLIDS; FIELDS; GAN; DYNAMICS; LATTICE; STEPS AB Green's function (GF) modeling of defects may take effect only if the GF as well as its various integrals over a line, a surface and/or a volume can be efficiently evaluated. The GF is needed in modeling a point defect, while integrals are needed in modeling line, surface and volumetric defects. In a matrix of multi-layered, generally anisotropic and linearly elastic and piezoelectric materials, the GF has been derived by applying 2D Fourier transforms and the Stroh formalism. Its use involves another two dimensions of integration in the Fourier inverse transform. A semi-analytical scheme has been developed previously for efficient evaluation of the GF. In this paper, an efficient scheme for evaluation of the line and surface integrals of the GF is presented. These integrals are obtained by carrying out the integration over the physical domain analytically and then over the transform domain numerically. The efficiency is thus comparable to that in the evaluation of the GF. The high efficiency in the evaluation of the surface integral is of particular value to the modeling of dislocations due to the lack of a line-defect treatment of this group of defects (originally, of uniform planar distribution of force dipoles) in a multilayered heterogeneous matrix. Numerical examples of nitride semiconductors with strong piezoelectric effect are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present scheme. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 EI 1526-1506 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 165 EP 177 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 111UO UT WOS:000242480700004 ER PT J AU Knight, S Dixson, R Jones, RL Lin, EK Orji, NG Silver, R Villarrubia, JS Vladar, AE Wu, WL AF Knight, Stephen Dixson, Ronald Jones, Ronald L. Lin, Eric K. Orji, Ndubuisi G. Silver, R. Villarrubia, John S. Vladar, Andras E. Wu, Wen-li TI Advanced metrology needs for nanoelectronics lithography SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE CD-SEM; CD-AFM; scatterfield microscopy; CD-SAXS ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; EDGE ROUGHNESS CHARACTERIZATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CD-AFM; NANOMETER UNCERTAINTY; OVERLAY METROLOGY; LINE EDGE; RESOLUTION; CALIBRATION; ANGLE AB The semiconductor industry has exploited productivity improvements through aggressive feature size reduction for over four decades. While enormous effort has been expended in developing the optical lithography tools to print ever finer features, significant advances have also been required to measure the printed features. In this article we will discuss the current state of the art in the metrology for measuring critical dimensions of printed features for scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and describe work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology advancing these tools as well as exploratory work on two new promising techniques, scatterfield microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Line width roughness critical dimension and overlay metrology and control are two of the most significant industry needs mentioned in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (2005). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Academic des sciences. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knight, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.knight@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 BP 931 EP 941 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 120EB UT WOS:000243065400009 ER PT J AU Casal, TGD Beal, LM Lumpkin, R AF Casal, Tania G. D. Beal, Lisa M. Lumpkin, Rick TI A North Atlantic deep-water eddy in the Agulhas Current System SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE circulation; Indian Ocean; boundary currents; Agulhas Current; deep water; Oceanic eddies ID EASTERN SOUTH-ATLANTIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; EDDIES; RETROFLECTION; CIRCULATION; EXCHANGE; DYNAMICS; AFRICA; GYRE AB One hundred and twelve stations of CTDO2 and LADCP were collected in the Agulhas Current system as part of the Agulhas Undercurrent experiment (AUCE) in March 2003. Along an offshore section, at approximately 35.6 degrees S and 27.3 degrees E to the northwest of the tip of the Agulhas Plateau, an unusual feature was revealed between 2200 and 3500m depth, imbedded in the northward moving NADW layer. An anomalously high salinity of 34.83, 0.03 saltier than the surrounding water, was observed. Maximums in the potential temperature and oxygen were also found, with isotherms dropping by about 250 m over 50 km and a doming of the oxygen layers. From the convex lens structure of the neutral surfaces, we conclude that we sampled an anticyclonic eddy of NADW. Since the LADCP data reveal deep velocities up to 20 cm s(-1) yet no anticyclonic circulation, whereas the geostrophic velocity referenced to the bottom shows a weak anticyclonic circulation, we inferred that we sampled the outer edge of the eddy and not its core. From an analysis of the water properties within the eddy and a comparison with known properties in the SE Atlantic Ocean and SW Indian Ocean, we conclude that the eddy was formed in the Agulhas Retroflection region. We speculate that the eddy was the result of an instability in the NADW slope current, which flows from the SE Atlantic around the Agulhas Bank. A deeply penetrating Agulhas Ring spun up the deep waters, pinching off an eddy, which later detached from the slope current and was carried southward. Once offshore, it coupled with the surface Agulhas Return Current, whose meandering path advected the eddy northeastward and ejected it over the Agulhas Plateau. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, AOML, PhOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Casal, TGD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tcasal@rsmas.miami.edu RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1718 EP 1728 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2006.08.007 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 116HW UT WOS:000242794200008 ER PT J AU Fulton, M Key, P Wirth, E Leight, AK Daugomah, J Bearden, D Sivertsen, S Scott, G AF Fulton, M. Key, P. Wirth, E. Leight, A. K. Daugomah, J. Bearden, D. Sivertsen, S. Scott, G. TI An evaluation of contaminated estuarine sites using sediment quality guidelines and ecological assessment methodologies SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contaminants; grass shrimp; estuarine; sediment quality guidelines ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; TIDAL CREEK; METALS AB Toxic contaminants may enter estuarine ecosystems through a variety of pathways. When sediment contaminant levels become sufficiently high, they may impact resident biota. One approach to predict sediment-associated toxicity in estuarine ecosystems involves the use of sediment quality guidelines (ERMs, ERLs) and site-specific contaminant chemistry while a second approach utilizes site-specific ecological sampling to assess impacts at the population or community level. The goal of this study was to utilize an integrated approach including chemical contaminant analysis, sediment quality guidelines and grass shrimp population monitoring to evaluate the impact of contaminants from industrial sources. Three impacted sites and one reference site were selected for study. Grass shrimp populations were sampled using a push-netting approach. Sediment samples were collected at each site and analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Contaminant levels were then compared to sediment quality guidelines. In general, grass shrimp population densities at the sites decreased as the ERM quotients increased. Grass shrimp densities were significantly reduced at the impacted site that had an ERM exceedance for chromium and the highest Mean ERM quotient. Regression analysis indicated that sediment chromium concentrations were negatively correlated with grass shrimp density. Grass shrimp size was reduced at two sites with intermediate levels of contamination. These findings support the use of both sediment quality guidelines and site-specific population monitoring to evaluate the impacts of sediment-associated contaminants in estuarine systems. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Fulton, M (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM mike.fulton@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s10646-006-0092-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 099PN UT WOS:000241607700002 PM 17031607 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Butler, JM AF Duewer, David L. Butler, John M. TI Multiplex_QA: An exploratory quality assessment tool for multiplexed electrophoretic assays SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE electropherograms; exploratory data analysis; quality assessment; resolution ID PCR AMPLIFICATION KIT; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; TWGDAM VALIDATION; SYSTEM; CASEWORK AB Multiplex-QA is a data analysis tool for visualizing short- and long-term changes in the performance of multiplexed electrophoretic assays, particularly the commercial short tandem repeat (STR) kits used by the human forensic identity community. A number of quality metrics are calculated from the signal collected for the internal size standard included in nearly all multiplex assays. These quality metrics are related to the signal intensity, symmetry, retention, resolution, and noise of data collected by capillary electrophoresis systems. Interlocking graphical displays enable the identification of changes in the quality metrics with time, evaluation of relationships among the metrics, and detailed examination of electropherographic features of particularly interesting analyses. While primarily intended for exploring which metrics are most useful for documenting data quality, the current version of the tool is sufficiently robust for use by forensic scientists with an interest in data analysis and access to a fast desktop computer. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 19 BP 3735 EP 3746 DI 10.1002/elps.200600116 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 099UF UT WOS:000241621000006 PM 16960834 ER PT J AU Shah, JJ Geist, J Locascio, LE Gaitan, M Rao, MV Vreeland, WN AF Shah, Jayna J. Geist, Jon Locascio, Laurie E. Gaitan, Michael Rao, Mulpuri V. Vreeland, Wyatt N. TI Surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) for improved adsorption of wall coating polymers for microchip electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microchip DNA electrophoresis; microfluidic device; physically adsorbed coating; surface modification; wall coatings ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SEPARATION; SYSTEMS; DNA; MICROCHANNELS; FABRICATION; RADIATION; NETWORKS AB The development of rapid and simple wall coating strategies for high-efficiency electrophoretic separation of DNA is of crucial importance for the successful implementation of miniaturized polymeric DNA analysis systems. In this report, we characterize and compare different methods for the chemical modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces for the application of wall coating polymers. PMMA surfaces coated with 40 mol% diethylacrylamide and 60 mol% dimethylacrylamide are compared to the PMMA surfaces first oxidized and then coated with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PMMA oxidation was accomplished with UW ozone or an aqueous solution of HNO3 to yield hydrogen-bond donors for the spontaneous adsorption of the coating polymers. Contact angle measurements of UV/ozone exposed PMMA surfaces indicate increase in hydrophilicity, and polymer coated surfaces show a strong dependence on the coating polymer and the oxidation method. Fast and repeatable electrophoretic separations of a 10-base and 20-base DNA ladder were performed in PMMA micro CE devices. All analyses were completed in less than 10 min, resulting in the number of theoretical plates as high as 583 000 in a 7.7 cm long separation channel. The duration of UV/ozone treatment was found to have a considerable impact on separation performance. The microchips irradiated with UV for 10 min and coated with PVA as well as the microchips treated with HNO3 and coated with HPMC were found to have the best separation performance. These results demonstrate facile and robust methods for the surface modification of PMMA enabling low-cost single use devices for electrophoretic DNA separations. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Sequoyah Technol LLC, Olney, MD USA. RP Vreeland, WN (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wyatt.vreeland@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 19 BP 3788 EP 3796 DI 10.1002/elps.200600118 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 099UF UT WOS:000241621000012 PM 16960835 ER PT J AU Hestekin, CN Jakupciak, JP Chiesl, TN Kan, CW O'Connell, CD Barron, AE AF Hestekin, Christa N. Jakupciak, John P. Chiesl, Thomas N. Kan, Cheuk Wai O'Connell, Catherine D. Barron, Annelise E. TI An optimized microchip electrophoresis system for mutation detection by tandem SSCP and heteroduplex analysis for p53 gene exons 5-9 SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE heteroduplex analysis; linear polyacrylamide; microchip electrophoresis; mutation detection; p53 ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; POLYMORPHISM/HETERODUPLEX ANALYSIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; POINT MUTATIONS; DNA; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB With the complete sequencing of the human genome, there is a growing need for rapid, highly sensitive genetic mutation detection methods suitable for clinical implementation. DNA-based diagnostics such as single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis (HA) are commonly used in research laboratories to screen for mutations, but the slab gel electrophoresis (SGE) format is ill-suited for routine clinical use. The translation of these assays from SGE to microfluidic chips offers significant speed, cost, and sensitivity advantages; however, numerous parameters must be optimized to provide highly sensitive mutation detection. Here we present a methodical study of system parameters including polymer matrix, wall coating, analysis temperature, and electric field strengths on the effectiveness of mutation detection by tandem SSCP/HA for DNA samples from exons 5-9 of the p53 gene. The effects of polymer matrix concentration and average molar mass were studied for linear polyacrylamide (LPA) solutions. We determined that a matrix of 8% w/v 600 kDa LPA provides the most reliable SSCP/HA mutation detection on chips. The inclusion of a small amount of the dynamic wall-coating polymer poly-N-hydroxyethylacrylamide in the matrix substantially improves the resolution of SSCP conformers and extends the coating lifetime. We investigated electrophoresis temperatures between 17 and 35 degrees C and found that the lowest temperature accessible on our chip electrophoresis system gives the best condition for high sensitivity of the tandem SSCP/HA method, especially for the SSCP conformers. Finally, the use of electrical fields between 350 and 450 W cm provided rapid separations (< 10 min) with well-resolved DNA peaks for both SSCP and HA. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tetracore Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Barron, AE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM a-barron@northwestern.edu RI Barron, Annelise/B-7639-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA090386, 1R21CA92752-01] NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 19 BP 3823 EP 3835 DI 10.1002/elps.200600358 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 099UF UT WOS:000241621000016 PM 16972304 ER PT J AU Landsberg, JH Hall, S Johannessen, JN White, KD Conrad, SM Abbott, JP Flewelling, LJ Richardson, RW Dickey, RW Jester, ELE Etheridge, SM Deeds, JR Van Dolah, FM Leighfield, TA Zou, YL Beaudry, CG Benner, RA Rogers, PL Scott, PS Kawabata, K Wolny, JL Steidinger, KA AF Landsberg, Jan H. Hall, Sherwood Johannessen, Jan N. White, Kevin D. Conrad, Stephen M. Abbott, Jay P. Flewelling, Leanne J. Richardson, R. William Dickey, Robert W. Jester, Edward L. E. Etheridge, Stacey M. Deeds, Jonathan R. Van Dolah, Frances M. Leighfield, Tod A. Zou, Yinglin Beaudry, Clarke G. Benner, Ronald A. Rogers, Patricia L. Scott, Paula S. Kawabata, Kenji Wolny, Jennifer L. Steidinger, Karen A. TI Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dinoflagellate; Florida; harmful algae; puffer fish; Pyrodinium bahamense; saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning; saxitoxins; Sphoeroides spp. ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; FRESH-WATER PUFFERS; GENUS SPHOEROIDES; MARINE PUFFER; SHELLFISH; FLORIDA; TOXICITY; NORTHERN; COAST AB BACKGROUND: From January 2002 to May 2004, 28 puffer fish poisoning (PFP) cases in Florida, New Jersey, Virginia, and New York were linked to the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) in Florida. Saxitoxins (STXs) of unknown source were first identified in fillet remnants from a New Jersey PFP case in 2002. METHODS: We used the standard mouse bioassay (MBA), receptor binding assay (RBA), mouse neuroblastoma cytotoxicity assay (MNCA), Ridascreen ELISA, MIST Alert assay, HPLC, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to determine the presence of STX, decarbamoyl STX (dc-STX), and N-sulfocarbamoyl (B1) toxin in puffer fish tissues, clonal cultures, and natural bloom samples of Pyrodinium bahamense from the IRL. RESULTS: We found STXs in 516 IRL southern (Sphoeroides nephelus), checkered (Sphoeroides testudineus), and handrail (Sphoeroides spengleri) puffer fish. During 36 months of monitoring, we detected STXs in skin, muscle, and viscera, with concentrations up to 22,104 jig STX equivalents (eq)/100 g tissue (action level, 80 mu g STX eq/100 g tissue) in ovaries. Puffer fish tissues, clonal cultures, and natural bloom samples of A bahmense from the IRL tested toxic in the MBA, RBA, MNCA, Ridascreen ELISA, and MIST Alert assay and positive for STX, dc-STX, and B1 toxin by HPLC and LC-MS. Skin mucus of IRL southern puffer fish captive for 1-year was highly toxic compared to Florida Gulf coast puffer fish. Therefore, we confirm puffer fish to be a hazardous reservoir of STXs in Florida's marine waters and implicate the dinoflagellate P. bahamense as the putative toxin source. CONCLUSIONS: Associated with fatal paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in the Pacific but not known to be toxic in the western Atlantic, P. bahmense is an emerging public health threat. We propose characterizing this food poisoning syndrome as saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning (SPFP) to distinguish it from PFP, which is traditionally associated with tetrodotoxin, and from PSP caused by STXs in shellfish. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. US FDA, Off Commissioner, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Key Lab Sci & Engn Marine Ecol & Environm, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33620 USA. RP Landsberg, JH (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jan.landsberg@myfwc.com OI Wolny, Jennifer L./0000-0002-3556-5015; DeGrasse, Stacey/0000-0001-7808-4193 NR 60 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1502 EP 1507 DI 10.1289/ehp.8998 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090RW UT WOS:000240969700024 PM 17035133 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Peters-Lidard, CD Tian, Y Houser, PR Geiger, J Olden, S Lighty, L Eastman, JL Doty, B Dirmeyer, P Adams, J Mitchell, K Wood, EF Sheffield, J AF Kumar, S. V. Peters-Lidard, C. D. Tian, Y. Houser, P. R. Geiger, J. Olden, S. Lighty, L. Eastman, J. L. Doty, B. Dirmeyer, P. Adams, J. Mitchell, K. Wood, E. F. Sheffield, J. TI Land information system: An interoperable framework for high resolution land surface modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE land surface modeling; high performance computing; object-oriented frameworks; interoperability; earth system studies ID RADIATION; DESIGN AB Knowledge of land surface water, energy, and carbon conditions are of critical importance due to their impact on many real world applications such as agricultural production, water resource management, and flood, weather, and climate prediction. Land Information System (LIS) is a software framework that integrates the use of satellite and ground-based observational data along with advanced land surface models and computing tools to accurately characterize land surface states and fluxes. LIS employs the use of scalable, high performance computing and data management technologies to deal with the computational challenges of high resolution land surface modeling. To make the LIS products transparently available to the end users, LIS includes a number of highly interactive visualization components as well. The LIS components are designed using object-oriented principles, with flexible, adaptable interfaces and modular structures for rapid prototyping and development. In addition, the interoperable features in LIS enable the definition, intercomparison, and validation of land surface modeling standards and the reuse of a high quality land surface modeling and computing system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, Camp Springs, MD USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM sujay@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Sheffield, Justin/0000-0003-2400-0630; NR 34 TC 177 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1402 EP 1415 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.004 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069RU UT WOS:000239466700002 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI Hameedi, MJ AF Hartwell, S. Ian Hameedi, M. Jawed TI Habitat conditions and correlations of sediment quality triad indicators in Delaware Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE contamination; Delaware Bay; indicators; sediment quality triad; toxicity ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; AMBIENT TOXICITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARIES; CONTAMINATION; GUIDELINES; DIVERSITY; BIOMARKER; CRITERIA AB This paper summarizes sampling results from NOAA's National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program for marine environmental quality in Delaware Bay. A stratified-random design was used to determine the spatial extent of sediment contamination and toxicity in Delaware Bay from offshore stations in the coastal zone, the lower estuary, the upper estuary, the fresh/salt mixing zone, and tidal fresh areas. Sediment samples were taken for chemical analyses of major classes of environmental contaminants, a suite of toxicity bioassays, and benthic macrofaunal community assessment to identify patterns of resident species. The tidal-fresh areas and portions of the mixing zone of the study area were heavily contaminated. Contaminant concentrations were frequently above the 90th percentile of EMAP Virginian Province levels. PAHs in the sediment were higher than previously documented, with a major component of PAHs being pyrogenic in origin. Bioassay results were highly variable. Toxicity and contaminant levels were correlated when aggregated into indices, but were only marginally correlated with benthic community impacts. High and low abundance stations were found in all zones. Most of the tidal fresh stations were dominated by pollution tolerant species. Species diversity and abundance were generally lowest in the fresh/salt mixing zone. C1 NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 E W Hwy,SSMC4,NSCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9115-3 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097NA UT WOS:000241453500012 PM 16741790 ER PT J AU Houde, M Pacepavicius, G Wells, RS Fair, PA Letcher, RJ Alaee, M Bossart, GD Hohn, AA Sweeney, J Solomon, KR Muir, DCG AF Houde, Magali Pacepavicius, Grazina Wells, Randall S. Fair, Patricia A. Letcher, Robert J. Alaee, Mehran Bossart, Gregory D. Hohn, Aleta A. Sweeney, Jay Solomon, Keith R. Muir, Derek C. G. TI Polychlorinated biphenyls and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Western Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CHLORINATED PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PCB METABOLITES; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; DETROIT RIVER; WHOLE-BLOOD; COAST AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated metabolic products (OH- PCBs) were measured in plasma collected from live-captured and released bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from five different locations in the Western Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico in 2003 and 2004. In 2004, the sum (Sigma) of concentration of PCBs in plasma of dolphins sampled off Charleston, SC [geometric mean: 223 ng/g of wet weight (w. w.)] was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than concentrations detected in animals from the Indian River Lagoon, FL (Sigma PCBs: 122 ng/g w.w.) and the Sarasota Bay, FL (Sigma PCBs: 111 ng/g w.w.). The PCB homolog profiles were similar among locations. Concentrations of OH-PCBs were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in plasma of dolphins from Charleston, SC (Sigma OH-PCBs for 2003: 126 ng/g w.w.; 2004: 138 ng/g w.w.) than animals from Florida (Sigma OH- PCBs ranged from 6 to 47 ng/g w.w.) and Bermuda (8.3 ng/g w.w.); however, concentrations in the Charleston samples did not differ from animals captured in Delaware Bay, NJ (57 ng/g w.w.). The Sigma OH-PCBs constituted 2-68% of the total PCB concentrations in plasma. Dichloro- to nonachloro-OH-PCBs were quantified using high-resolution gas chromatography mass spectrometry, but only around 20% of OH-PCBs could be identified by comparison to authentic standards. Results from this study show that OH-PCB are important environmental contaminants in dolphins and suggest that PCBs, decades after their ban, may still constitute a threat to wildlife. C1 Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Dolphin Quest, San Diego, CA 92307 USA. RP Muir, DCG (reprint author), Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM derek.muir@ec.gc.ca RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5860 EP 5866 DI 10.1021/es060629n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000013 PM 17051771 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Sereno, DM Burau, JR Schraga, TS Lopez, CB Stacey, MT Parchevsky, KV Parchevsky, VP AF Lucas, Lisa V. Sereno, Deanna M. Burau, Jon R. Schraga, Tara S. Lopez, Cary B. Stacey, Mark T. Parchevsky, Konstantin V. Parchevsky, Vladimir P. TI Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID GOVERNING PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; FOOD WEBS; ESTUARIES; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; HABITATS; ECOLOGY; DELTA; TIME AB Although surface water quality and its underlying processes vary over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, they have historically been studied at the lower (weekly to interannual) frequencies. The aim of this study was to investigate intradaily variability of three water quality parameters in a small freshwater tidal lagoon (Mildred Island, California). High frequency time series of specific conductivity, water temperature, and chlorophyll a at two locations within the habitat were analyzed in conjunction with supporting hydrodynamic, meteorological, biological, and spatial mapping data. All three constituents exhibited large amplitude intradaily (e.g., semidiurnal tidal and diurnal) oscillations, and periodicity varied across constituents, space, and time. Like other tidal embayments, this habitat is influenced by several processes with distinct periodicities including physical controls, such as tides, solar radiation, and wind, and biological controls, such as photosynthesis, growth, and grazing. A scaling approach was developed to estimate individual process contributions to the observed variability. Scaling results were generally consistent with observations and together with detailed examination of time series and time derivatives, revealed specific mechanisms underlying the observed periodicities, including interactions between the tidal variability, heating, wind, and biology. The implications for monitoring were illustrated through subsampling of the data set. This exercise demonstrated how quantities needed by scientists and managers (e.g., mean or extreme concentrations) may be misrepresented by low frequency data and how short-duration high frequency measurements can aid in the design and interpretation of temporally coarser sampling programs. The dispersive export of chlorophyll a from the habitat exhibited a fortnightly variability corresponding to the modulation of semidiurnal tidal currents with the diurnal cycle of phytoplankton variability, demonstrating how high frequency interactions can govern long-term trends. Process identification, as through the scaling analysis here, can help us anticipate changes in system behavior and adapt our own interactions with the system. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Biol So Seas, UA-99011 Crimea, Ukraine. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 711 EP 730 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102TY UT WOS:000241837400001 ER PT J AU Love, JW Johnson, AK May, EB AF Love, Joseph W. Johnson, Andrea K. May, Eric B. TI Spatial and temporal differences of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) recruitment across major Drainages (1966-2004) of the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; POPULATION; STREAMS; RATES; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) is well known for its commercial and ecological importance and has been historically declining in the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), one of its principal nursery habitats along the eastern coast. Using data from the Striped Bass Seine Survey of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2003), we evaluated how the distribution of Atlantic menhaden has changed from 1966 to 2004 for 12 river drainages. We observed significant or marginally significant declines in 42% of the drainages, with drainages of the northern Bay showing the majority of those declines. Continued recruitment to several drainages of the Bay may partly explain why the adult spawning population is not declining. We determined if temporal changes in abundance were related to changes in salinity or water quality for five major drainages of the watershed. For one of these drainages, the Patuxent River, differences in productivity across sites largely explained differences in abundance. For the four remaining drainages, differences in recruitment could not be explained by productivity or salinity gradients. While reducing nitrogen loading and enhancing water clarity may improve Atlantic menhaden production, we suggest that the role of offshore processes on large-scale declines has been largely neglected and studies on larval ingression are necessary for further elucidation of spatial and temporal patterns of juvenile distribution in the Chesapeake Bay. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Backbone Rd, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 794 EP 801 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102TY UT WOS:000241837400008 ER PT J AU Christian, RR DiGiacomo, PM Malone, TC Talaue-McManus, L AF Christian, Robert R. DiGiacomo, Paul M. Malone, Thomas C. Talaue-McManus, Liana TI Opportunities and challenges of establishing coastal observing systems SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article AB Some of the challenges to establishing and sustaining environmental monitoring are potentially overcome under the framework of global observing systems. Observing systems go beyond monitoring by enabling links between user needs and observations and by providing valued information products to user groups at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. The United Nations established three global observing systems; for climate, oceans, and land and freshwater. Initiatives have also begun to address important issues within coastal ecosystems. Recent socio-political awareness and technical advances have improved the opportunities for establishing these observing systems and ensuring their sustainability. Awareness and current technology alone are not enough, and ongoing implementation of these systems is still stymied by a variety of factors. We make several recommendations to promote their success now and in the future. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Ocean US Off Integrated & Sustained Ocean Observa, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Christian, RR (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM christianr@ecu.edu RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 871 EP 875 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102TY UT WOS:000241837400016 ER PT J AU Dean, KM Cook, WD Lin, MY AF Dean, Katherine M. Cook, Wayne D. Lin, Min Y. TI Small angle neutron scattering and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of dimethacrylate/epoxy IPNs SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SANS; IPN; DMTA; phase separation; epoxy; dimethacrylate ID INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS; UNSATURATED POLYESTER; RELAXATION MECHANISM; BETA-RELAXATION; EPOXY; BEHAVIOR AB Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) have been performed on a number of dimethacrylate (or mono-methacrylate)/diepoxy (or mono-epoxy) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and semi-IPNs to probe their phase structure. The DMTA behaviour ranged from IPNs that produce one tan 6 peak, indicative of a single-phase system, to systems that are clearly phase separated, showing two tan 6 peaks. These results were correlated with the SANS data - samples that showed two tan 6 peaks also showed scattering in the SANS spectrum. Fitting of the scattering data to the Debye-Bueche scattering model for a phase-separated structure gave a scale to this phase separation of about 180 angstrom. DMTA analysis of the rubbery region of the semi-IPNs revealed that they either had a co-continuous morphology or a matrix phase that was crosslinked. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. CSIRO, Highett, Vic 3190, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, WD (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, POB 69M, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. EM wayne.cook@eng.monash.edu.au RI Cook, Wayne/A-4787-2012 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2872 EP 2887 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.04.013 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 097PJ UT WOS:000241460100072 ER PT J AU McGrattan, K Hamins, A AF McGrattan, Kevin Hamins, Anthony TI Numerical simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel fire SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire modeling; Howard Street Tunnel fire; tunnel fires AB The paper presents numerical simulations of a fire in the Howard Street Tunnel, Baltimore, Maryland, following the derailment of a freight train in July, 2001. The model was validated for this application using temperature data collected during a series of fire experiments conducted in a decommissioned highway tunnel in West Virginia. The peak predicted temperatures within the Howard Street Tunnel were approximately 1,000 degrees C (1,800 degrees F) within the flaming regions, and approximately 500 degrees C (900 degrees F) averaged over a length of the tunnel equal to about four rail cars. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGrattan, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10694-006-7506-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 084RF UT WOS:000240551400002 ER PT J AU Sasso, CR Epperly, SP AF Sasso, Christopher R. Epperly, Sheryan P. TI Seasonal sea turtle mortality risk from forced submergence in bottom trawls SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea turtles; mortality; trawl; logistic regression ID CARETTA-CARETTA; FISHERY AB The risk of mortality to sea turtles with increasing trawl tow time was assessed in two seasons, summer and winter. Tows of 10 min or less had negligible mortality in both seasons while intermediate tow times resulted in rapid escalations in mortality before reaching a plateau of high mortality. Mortality increased more quickly in winter than in summer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sasso, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.sasso@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.05.016 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 083BR UT WOS:000240431400011 ER PT J AU Richards, A Hendrickson, L AF Richards, Anne Hendrickson, Lisa TI Effectiveness of the Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE northern shrimp; Nordmore grate; by-catch ID BY-CATCH; REDUCTION; BYCATCH AB The Nordmore grate is a by-catch excluder device that has been required in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis trawl fishery since April 1992. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp fishery using data collected by fishery observers before and after the Nordmore grate was required. The percentage of by-catch (kg) in observed tows declined from nearly 50% before the Nordmore grate was required to about 15% after the Nordmore grate was required. The Nordmore grate significantly (P <= 0.001) reduced by-catch (kg/h) of eight of nine groundfish species examined and of two species groups (flatfish and roundfish). However, the magnitude of the reductions in the fishery was about 35% less than obtained in controlled experimental studies in the Gulf of Maine [Kenney, J.F., Blott, AJ., Nulk, VE., 1992. Experiments with a Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine shrimp fishery. In: Proceedings of the Marine Technology Society Conference, pp. 328-335]. Catch rates of Northern shrimp (kg/h) increased using the Nordmore grate (+37%) possibly due to higher catch rates of large shrimp. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richards, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Anne.Richards@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.05.019 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 083BR UT WOS:000240431400014 ER PT J AU Chen, KS Crone, P Hsu, CC AF Chen, Kuo-Shu Crone, Paul Hsu, Chien-Chung TI Reproductive biology of female Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis from south-western North Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE batch fecundity; oocyte stage; Pacific bluefin tuna; sex ratio; spawning frequency; spawning season; Thunnus orientalis AB Pacific bluefin is a highly valuable pelagic species that inhabits a broad range in the North Pacific Ocean. The reproductive biology, especially for the spawning aggregation in the south-western North Pacific Ocean, is not well understood. Thus, a total of 119 paired ovary specimens were collected from the Taiwanese longline fleet during the 1999 fishing season (late April through June) to gain a better understanding of important reproductivity-related stock parameters associated with this species. The following conclusions were made: (i) condition factor decreased from late May to early June; (ii) the sex ratio might be 1:1 for spawners; (iii) the gonadosomatic index stayed at a relatively high level and markedly increased from late May to early June; (iv) histological examination of oocytes indicated that all specimens were sexually mature; (v) spawning activity appeared to start in May and peak in late May to early June; (vi) batch fecundity increased with fork length; and (vii) preliminary estimates of spawning frequency between batches ranged 2-4.5 days based on analysis of postovulatory follicles. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 93027 USA. RP Hsu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, POB 23-13, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hsucc@ntu.edu.tw NR 25 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 985 EP 994 DI 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01247.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087LF UT WOS:000240743200010 ER PT J AU Butler, J Neuman, M Pinkard, D Kvitek, R Cochrane, G AF Butler, John Neuman, Melissa Pinkard, Deanna Kvitek, Rikk Cochrane, Guy TI The use of multibeam sonar mapping techniques to refine population estimates of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL-ISLANDS; CALIFORNIA; HABITAT AB Multibeam sonar mapping techniques provide detailed benthic habitat information that can be combined with the data on species-specific habitat preferences to provide highly accurate calculations of populations in a particular area. The amount of suitable habitat available for the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) was quantified to aid in obtaining an accurate estimate of the number of remaining individuals at two offshore banks and one island site off the coast of southern California. Habitat was mapped by using multibeam sonar survey techniques and categorized by using rugosity and topographic position analysis. Abalone densities were evaluated by using a remotely operated vehicle and video transect methods. The total amount of suitable habitat at these three sites was far greater than that previously estimated. Therefore, although present estimates of white abalone densities are several orders of magnitude lower than historic estimates, the total population is likely larger than previously reported because of the additional amount of habitat surveyed in this study. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. US Geol Serv, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Butler, J (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM John.Butler@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 104 IS 4 BP 521 EP 532 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101QG UT WOS:000241754900004 ER PT J AU Shepherd, GR Moser, J Deuel, D Carlsen, P AF Shepherd, Gary R. Moser, Joshua Deuel, David Carlsen, Pam TI The migration patterns of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatfix) along the Atlantic coast determined from tag recoveries SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; GROWTH; WATERS AB Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) were tagged and released in Atlantic coastal areas between Massachusetts and Florida from 1963 through 2003 as part of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) project and a volunteer program sponsored by the American Littoral Society (ALS). A total of 15,699 bluefish were tagged by NMFS and 20,398 by ALS volunteers and 4.3% (1075 NMFS tags and 464 ALS tags) were recaptured and reported. Time-at-large was limited; 65.8% of the recaptured tags were returned within two months of tagging, although nineteen of the returned tags remained at large for two years or more. Tag returns indicated seasonal migrations of fish between the Middle Atlantic Bight and Florida. Three groups of bluefish are proposed for Atlantic coastal waters on the basis of tag return data and are defined by the seasonal occurrence of fish between 30 and 45 cm fork length. The northern group occupied the area from Massachusetts to Delaware between late spring and late fall. Bluefish in the central region between Maryland and North Carolina represented a combination of seasonal transient and resident fish, as did the southern group in Florida. Mixing occurs among all three groups; and larger fish (> 45 cm) spend winters in offshore areas. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters from tagging data were comparable to scale-based estimates. Swimming speeds between point of release and recapture averaged 2.6 km per day, and seasonal spikes greater than 5 km per day corresponded with periods of migration in spring and autumn. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Amer Littoral Society, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Shepherd, GR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Gary.Shepherd@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 104 IS 4 BP 559 EP 570 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101QG UT WOS:000241754900008 ER PT J AU Burks, CM Driggers, WB Mullin, KD AF Burks, Carolyn M. Driggers, William B., III Mullin, Keith D. TI Abundance and distribution of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; NINGALOO REEF; BEHAVIOR; WATERS; MOVEMENTS; FISHES; SHELF; SLOPE AB Information on the seasonal abundance and distribution of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) is largely unknown throughout range of the species. Between 1989 and 1998, three spatially and temporally intensive aerial surveys were conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Mississippi Laboratories that provided information on seasonality, distribution, and aggregations of whale sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Transects totaling 89,369 km were surveyed over the course of the study and a total of 119 whale sharks were counted during 81 sighting events. There was no statistical difference in the sightings per unit of effort (SPUE) of whale sharks between the eastern and western continental slope waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In the continental slope waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, whale sharks were more abundant during the summer than in the winter. In the western Gulf of Mexico, whale shark SPUE was significantly greater in the summer than during the fall or winter; there was no significant difference between summer and spring. There was also no significant difference in whale shark SPUE among spring, fall, and winter in the western Gulf of Mexico. Aggregations of whale sharks were seen only during the winter and summer, and there were significantly more individuals per aggregation during the summer. The largest aggregation of whale sharks observed during the study consisted of 23 individuals. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmsopher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmsopher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. EM William.Driggers@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 104 IS 4 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101QG UT WOS:000241754900010 ER PT J AU Davis, ML Berkson, J AF Davis, Michelle L. Berkson, Jim TI Effects of a simulated fishing moratorium on the stock assessment of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; POPULATION; FISHERY; CATCHES; SNAPPER; REEF AB Much of the information available on the population status of a harvested fish species is obtained from landings data. When fishing restrictions are in place, fishery-dependent data are reduced and assessments rely more heavily on fishery-independent data. Stock assessments of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) have shown a declining population and have led to a number of management measures, including a moratorium on fishing this species. To investigate how a lack of fishery-dependent data during a moratorium would affect stock assessment results for red porgy, we conducted simulations representing a range of periods of moratorium. As data were removed from the model, stock status indicators and projections became increasingly variable. Projections estimated that a 12-year moratorium would be needed for stock rebuilding, but simulations showed that uncertainty surrounding stock assessment estimates would increase after three years without fishery-dependent data. Unless additional data are collected during periods of strict fishing regulations, it may be difficult to accurately assess the length of time needed for the stock to rebuild and to assess the population status. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Davis, ML (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM midavis1@vt.edu RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 104 IS 4 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101QG UT WOS:000241754900011 ER EF