FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kuligowski, DR Ford, MJ Berejikian, BA AF Kuligowski, DR Ford, MJ Berejikian, BA TI Breeding structure of steelhead inferred from patterns of genetic relatedness among nests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE; WILD AB Ten polylmorphic microsatellite loci were used to infer kinship among steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss sampled from nest sites in the Hamma Hamma River, Washington. Fertilized eggs were removed from 8 of 11 redds (i.e., individual nests within redds) surveyed in 1998, tagged with unique identifiers, and reared until adulthood as part of a conservation program. On average, individuals sampled from the same redd were more closely related than individuals sampled from different redds, and a tree generated from the pairwise relatedness estimates shows clear clustering of individuals by redd. Despite this general pattern, there was substantial overlap in the pairwise relatedness estimates within and among most redds. Of the eight redds, seven contained more than four alleles at a minimum of one locus and five contained more than six alleles, indicating that most redds were the result of matings by more than a single pair of parents. In total, the eight redds were created by a minimum of 21 parents, which we inferred to consist of at least 5 females and 16 males based on the location and timing of redd construction. The male-biased sex ratio is probably due to matings by either male resident trout or precocial steelhead part with female steelhead. The results of this study indicate that although multiple matings by both sexes are common in this population, the variance in reproductive success is much higher for males than females. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Kuligowski, DR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM david.kuligowski@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1212 DI 10.1577/T04-187.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300011 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Clabough, TS Bennett, DH Bjornn, TC Peery, CA Caudill, CC Stuehrenberg, LC AF Johnson, EL Clabough, TS Bennett, DH Bjornn, TC Peery, CA Caudill, CC Stuehrenberg, LC TI Migration depths of adult spring and summer Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia and Snake Rivers in relation to dissolved gas supersaturation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE TRAUMA SIGNS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; WATER; STEELHEAD; TROUT; DAM; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL; BASIN AB High spill volume at dams can create supersaturated dissolved gas conditions that may have negative effects on fish. Water spilling over Columbia and Snake River dams during the spring and summer creates plumes with high dissolved gas that extend downstream of dam spillways and throughout reservoirs and creates gas-supersaturated conditions throughout the water column. During the spring and summer of 2000, 228 adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were tagged at Bonneville Dam with archival radio data storage transmitters (RDSTs) that recorded depth and water temperature as the fish migrated through dams and reservoirs of the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. Swimming depths from 131 of the 228 adult spring and summer Chinook salmon tagged with RDSTs were used to estimate the potential for gas bubble formation given in-river dissolved gas concentrations and hydrostatic compensation. We found that adult spring and summer Chinook salmon spent a majority of the time at depths that would have provided adequate hydrostatic compensation for in-river dissolved gas conditions during this study, which were at or slightly below long-term averages. Adult spring and summer Chinook salmon spent a majority of their time at depths deeper than 2 in, interspersed with periods lasting minutes at depths shallower than 2 m. Statistical associations were weak between the percent and duration of time fish occupied depths near the surface and dissolved gas concentrations, suggesting a lack of behavioral avoidance. Collectively, these data suggest little potential for negative effects of gas supersaturation on adult spring and summer Chinook salmon under average river conditions, despite the fact that fish tissues were probably supersaturated with dissolved gases. However, additional research over a broader range of dissolved gas conditions is needed to confirm that short, but frequent, exposure to conditions conducive to gas bubble formation does not affect survival and reproductive potential. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ejohnson@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1227 DI 10.1577/T04-166.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300012 ER PT J AU Berejikian, B Van Doornik, D LaRae, A Tezak, S Lee, J AF Berejikian, B Van Doornik, D LaRae, A Tezak, S Lee, J TI The effects of exercise on behavior and reproductive success of captively reared steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; BREEDING SUCCESS; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON AB Steel head Oncorhynchus mykiss collected as eyed eggs from the Hamma Hamma River, Washington, and reared in high (similar to 1 body length/s) or low current velocity (similar to 0.25 body lengths/s) were tested for differences in reproductive behavior in both an experimental spawning channel and their natal river. We conducted continuous (24-h/d) behavioral observations in the spawning channel and applied DNA pedigree analyses to explain the variation in individual reproductive success. Female steelhead reared in high and low current velocities did not exhibit differences in reproductive behavior in the spawning channel, but females reared in low current velocity were snore frequently observed constructing nests in the Hamma Hamma River. Males reared in low-velocity tanks were more frequently observed courting females in the spawning channel and in the river. A pedigree analysis revealed no significant differences in reproductive success between the rearing treatments. Male reproductive success in the spawning channel was significantly correlated (r(2) = 0.602; P < 0.001) and the dominant male was identified by the frequency of spawning in both treatments. There was no apparent effect of male or female body mass on breeding behavior or reproductive success in the spawning channel. All 24 females and 23 out of 24 males produced free-swimming offspring in a 5.5% subsample of the fry population. This study suggests that releasing captively reared steelhead reared under conventional (i.e., low current velocity) culture conditions should be considered (along with other options) as a potentially viable component of captive rearing and breeding programs. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Gladstone, OR 97027 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Ultilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. Long Live Kings, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Berejikian, B (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1236 EP 1252 DI 10.1057/T04-192.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300014 ER PT J AU Williamson, KS May, B AF Williamson, KS May, B TI Inheritance studies implicate a genetic mechanism for apparent sex reversal in Chinook salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOMAL DNA MARKERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; Y-CHROMOSOME; COLUMBIA-RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; ALL-FEMALE; FISH; POPULATIONS; LINKAGE AB The apparent increase in altered sexual differentiation in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is a growing concern. Previous studies suggest that incongruence between genetic and phenotypic sex in Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha may be a result of altered sexual differentiation through exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Artificial crosses between genotypically normal Chinook salmon, or between genotypically normal males and apparent sex-reversed males (XY females), were performed to test the validity of OtYl and growth hormone pseudogene (GH Psi) genetic markers as indicators of phenotypic sex in fall-run Chinook salmon. The offspring produced were genotyped with the Y-chromosome-specific markers and were dissected to observe gonad morphology. The results of the breeding experiments indicate that approximately half of the phenotypic female offspring of XY females have a male genotype according to both Y-chromosome markers. These results refute an earlier hypothesis that phenotypic female Chinook salmon with a male genotype (XY females) are the result of altered sexual differentiation caused by EDC exposure. Instead, either the OtYl and GH Psi markers have recombined between the Y and X chromosomes or an autosome, or a mutation has inactivated the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome. In none of the 2,384 Chinook salmon evaluated did the genetic markers contradict one another in a single individual. These results present evidence that both OtYl and the GH Psi genetic markers appear to not be diagnostic for sex in fall-run Chinook salmon in the Central Valley of California. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Williamson, KS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kevin.willitttnson@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.1577/T04-208.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300015 ER PT J AU Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA Cross, AD Myers, KW Farley, EV Murphy, JM Helle, JH AF Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA Cross, AD Myers, KW Farley, EV Murphy, JM Helle, JH TI Evidence for size-selective mortality after the first summer of ocean growth by pink salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; MARINE MORTALITY; BACK-CALCULATION; KODIAK ISLAND AB Pink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha with identifiable thermal otolith marks from Prince William Sound hatchery release groups during 2001 were used to test the hypothesis that faster-growing fish during their first summer in the ocean had higher survival rates than slower-growing fish. Marked juvenile pink salmon were sampled monthly in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska, and adults that survived to maturity were recovered at hatchery release sites the following year. Surviving fish exhibited significantly wider circuli spacing on the region of the scale formed during early marine residence than did juveniles collected at sea during their first ocean summer, indicating that marine survival after the first growing season was related to increases in early marine growth. At the same circuli, a significantly larger average scale radius for returning adults than for juveniles from the same hatchery would suggest that larger, faster-growing juveniles had a higher survival rate and that significant size-selective mortality occurred after the juveniles were sampled. Growth patterns inferred from intercirculi spacing on scales varied among hatchery release groups, suggesting that density-dependent processes differed among release groups and occurred across Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska. These observations support other studies that have found that larger, faster-growing fish are more likely to survive until maturity. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moss, JH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jamal.moss@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1322 DI 10.1577/T05-054.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300021 ER PT J AU Dickerson, BR Willson, MF Bentzen, P Quinn, TP AF Dickerson, BR Willson, MF Bentzen, P Quinn, TP TI Heritability of life history and morphological traits in a wild pink salmon population assessed by DNA parentage analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ARRIVAL DATE; ARCTIC CHAR; EGG SIZE AB Heritability estimates were calculated for body size and shape, day of entry onto the spawning grounds, and egg size for two brood years (1997 and 1998) of a wild population of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha based on parentage analysis of DNA samples from breeding adults and their mature offspring in a small creek in Southeast Alaska. The majority of heritability estimates for size and shape were not significantly different from zero, probably as a result of the close association of these variables with fitness. The even- and odd-year brood lines are genetically isolated but heritability estimates from the two lines were significantly correlated, suggesting similar selection histories. Consistent with heritability estimates from controlled breeding and captive rearing of pink and other species of salmon, day of entry onto the spawning grounds had the highest heritabilities of the traits examined in this study, especially for males (h(2) = 0.6-1.38). One plausible method for the maintenance of genetic variation in entry timing (a trait important to fitness) is variation in the optimal spawning and emigration date from year to year owing to changes in flow rate, predation pressure, ocean conditions, and food availability for progeny. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dickerson, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bobette.dickerson@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1323 EP 1328 DI 10.1577/T04-006.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300022 ER PT J AU Reinsel, GC Miller, AJ Weatherhead, EC Flynn, LE Nagatani, RM Tiao, GC Wuebbles, DJ AF Reinsel, GC Miller, AJ Weatherhead, EC Flynn, LE Nagatani, RM Tiao, GC Wuebbles, DJ TI Trend analysis of total ozone data for turnaround and dynamical contributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; COLUMN OZONE; RECOVERY AB Statistical trend analyses have been performed for monthly zonal average total ozone data from both TOMS and SBUV satellite sources and ground-based instruments over the period 1978-2002 for detection of a "turnaround'' in the previous downward trend behavior and hence evidence for the beginning of an ozone recovery. Since other climatic and geophysical changes can impact ozone behavior and can influence the detection of turnaround and recovery, we also focus on accounting for ozone variations that may be ascribed to various physical and chemical influences. Thus we include in the statistical trend modeling and analysis the effects of various dynamical and circulation variations in the atmosphere, including those associated with the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), and Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux influences, as well as influences of solar cycle. A notable result of the analysis is that for latitude zones of 40 degrees and above in both hemispheres, large positive and significant estimates of a change in trend (since 1996) are obtained (on the order of 1.5 to 3 DU per year). The dynamic index series, AO/AAO and EP flux, are found to have a substantial influence on total ozone for these higher latitudes, and significant influences of lesser magnitude are also found for lower latitudes. The feature of positive significant change in trend in total ozone over recent years, however, is obtained both without and with the dynamical index terms included in the statistical models. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Chicago, Grad Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Weatherhead, EC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alvin.miller@noaa.gov; betsy.weatherhead@noaa.gov; lawrence.e.ynn@noaa.gov; ronald.nagatani@noaa.gov; gct@gsb.uchicago.edu; wuebbles@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Weatherhead, Elizabeth/I-7091-2015 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Weatherhead, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9252-4228 NR 19 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D16 AR D16306 DI 10.1029/2004JD004662 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962JK UT WOS:000231727400001 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI DeLucia, FC Dagdigian, PJ Miziolek, AW AF Babushok, VI DeLucia, FC Dagdigian, PJ Miziolek, AW TI Experimental and kinetic modeling study of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy plume from metallic lead in argon SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2004 CL Torremolinos, SPAIN SP Soc Espectroscop Aplicada, Univ Malaga DE LIBS; modeling; kinetics; metals; Pb ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; INDUCED PLASMAS; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; ABLATION; GASES; ATOMS; MICROANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; IONIZATION AB A kinetic model of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) plume of lead in argon has been developed to gain an understanding of the physical and chemical factors controlling the LIBS signature. This model includes processes involving ion chemistry, excitation, ionization, and other processes affecting the concentrations of argon and lead atoms (in 9 different electronic states) and their ions. A total of 15 chemical species and 90 reactions are included in the model. Experimental measurements of the temporal dependence of a number of lead emission lines in the LIBS plume of metallic lead have been made in argon and air. The modeling results are compared with these observations and with previous modeling of LIBS of lead in air. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dagdigian, PJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM pjdagdigian@jhu.edu RI De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 60 IS 7-8 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2005.03.012 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 975DH UT WOS:000232640700008 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Middlebrook, AM Warneke, C Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Roberts, JM Fehsenfeld, FC Worsnop, DR Canagaratna, MR Pszenny, AAP Keene, WC Marchewka, M Bertman, SB Bates, TS AF de Gouw, JA Middlebrook, AM Warneke, C Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Roberts, JM Fehsenfeld, FC Worsnop, DR Canagaratna, MR Pszenny, AAP Keene, WC Marchewka, M Bertman, SB Bates, TS TI Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; 1999 SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; LOWER FRASER VALLEY; GAS-PHASE; HYDROCARBON RATIOS; ACETIC-ACIDS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES AB [1] An extensive set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate organic matter (POM) was measured in polluted air during the New England Air Quality Study in 2002. Using VOC ratios, the photochemical age of the sampled air masses was estimated. This approach was validated ( 1) by comparing the observed rates at which VOCs were removed from the atmosphere with the rates expected from OH oxidation, ( 2) by comparing the VOC emission ratios inferred from the data with the average composition of urban air, and ( 3) by the ability to describe the increase of an alkyl nitrate with time in terms of the chemical kinetics. A large part of the variability observed for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and POM could be explained by a description that includes the removal of the primary anthropogenic emissions, the formation and removal of secondary anthropogenic species, and a biogenic contribution parameterized by the emissions of isoprene. The OVOC sources determined from the data are compared with the available literature, and a satisfactory agreement is obtained. The observed sub-mu m POM was highly correlated with secondary anthropogenic gas- phase species, strongly suggesting that the POM was from secondary anthropogenic sources. The results are used to describe the speciation and total mass of gas- and particle-phase organic carbon as a function of the photochemical age of an urban air mass. Shortly after emission the organic carbon mass is dominated by primary VOCs, while after two days the dominant contribution is from OVOCs and sub-mu m POM. The total measured organic carbon mass decreased by about 40% over the course of two days. The increase in sub-mu m POM could not be explained by the removal of aromatic precursors alone, suggesting that other species must have contributed and/or that the mechanism for POM formation is more efficient than previously assumed. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Mt Washington Observ, N Conway, NH USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jdegouw@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 81 TC 342 Z9 342 U1 19 U2 141 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D16 AR D16305 DI 10.1029/2004JD005623 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962JJ UT WOS:000231727300003 ER PT J AU Price, WJ Kuo, PK Lee, TR Colorado, R Ying, ZC Liu, GY AF Price, WJ Kuo, PK Lee, TR Colorado, R Ying, ZC Liu, GY TI Probing the local structure and mechanical response of nanostructures using force modulation and nanofabrication SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; IMAGING VISCOELASTICITY; ELASTICITY MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-SCALE; THIN-FILMS; MICROSCOPY; GOLD; FRICTION; SURFACE AB Nanostructures of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are designed and produced using coadsorption and nanografting techniques. Because the structures of these artificially engineered domains are predesigned and well-characterized, a systematic investigation is possible to study the mechanical responses to force modulation under atomic force microscope tips. Force modulation imaging reveals characteristic contrast sensitivity to changes in molecular-level packing, molecule chain lengths, domain boundaries, and surface chemical functionalities in SAMs. By means of actively tuning the driving frequency, the resonances at the tip-surface contact are selectively activated. Therefore, specific surface features, such as the edges of the domains and nanostructures or desired chemical functionalities, can be selectively enhanced in the amplitude images. These observations provide a new and active approach in materials characterization and the study of nanotribology using atomic force microscopy. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Lee, T. Randall/0000-0001-9584-8861 NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 18 BP 8422 EP 8428 DI 10.1021/la047520i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 959WM UT WOS:000231550000050 PM 16114952 ER PT J AU Al-Sheikhly, M Poster, DL Neta, P Huie, RE Chaychian, M Silverman, J AF Al-Sheikhly, M Poster, DL Neta, P Huie, RE Chaychian, M Silverman, J TI Reductive-based fast kinetics of reduction-induced dechlorination of PCBs using ionizing radiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohamad@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 41-ENVR BP U1519 EP U1519 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303041 ER PT J AU Anderson, NA Briggman, KA Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ AF Anderson, NA Briggman, KA Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ TI In situ investigation of transmembrane polypeptides using sum frequency generation spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neil.anderson@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 127-ANYL BP U236 EP U236 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300450 ER PT J AU Barnes, SE Bur, AJ Cygan, ZT Beers, KL Amis, EJ AF Barnes, SE Bur, AJ Cygan, ZT Beers, KL Amis, EJ TI Spectroscopic monitoring of polymerization in microfluidic channels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Sbarnes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 360-PMSE BP U3674 EP U3674 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307355 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK Becker, ML Blair, WR AF Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK Becker, ML Blair, WR TI Measurement of nanotube dispersion by scattering, chromatography and microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 29-PMSE BP U3514 EP U3514 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307029 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Gallant, ND Henderson, L Amis, EJ AF Becker, ML Gallant, ND Henderson, L Amis, EJ TI Bioactive surface gradients to control surface adhesion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mlbecker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 671-POLY BP U4305 EP U4305 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308658 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Bailey, LO Stephens, LS Rege, A Kohn, J Amis, EJ AF Becker, ML Bailey, LO Stephens, LS Rege, A Kohn, J Amis, EJ TI Cellular response to phase-separated blends of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM mlbecker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 599-PMSE BP U3786 EP U3786 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307590 ER PT J AU Bedner, M MacCrehan, WA AF Bedner, M MacCrehan, WA TI Transformations of pharmaceutical compounds by chlorination and dechlorination processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 35-ENVR BP U1516 EP U1516 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303035 ER PT J AU Beebe, JM Engelkes, VB Kim, BS Batteas, JD van Zee, RD Frisbie, CD AF Beebe, JM Engelkes, VB Kim, BS Batteas, JD van Zee, RD Frisbie, CD TI Measurement of charge transport through self-assembled monolayers of organothiols by conducting probe atomic force microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jeremy.beebe@nist.gov RI Frisbie, C Daniel/F-3995-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 175-COLL BP U1121 EP U1121 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302255 ER PT J AU Beers, KL Wu, T Xu, C AF Beers, KL Wu, T Xu, C TI ATRP in microchannels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 633-POLY BP U4288 EP U4288 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308623 ER PT J AU Bencherif, SA Antonucci, JM Wilson, KS Wilder, EA Liu, DW AF Bencherif, SA Antonucci, JM Wilson, KS Wilder, EA Liu, DW TI Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of methacrylate derivatives of oligo-ether carbonate diols SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabenche@andrew.cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 710-POLY BP U4322 EP U4323 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308695 ER PT J AU Benner, BA MacCrehan, WA AF Benner, BA MacCrehan, WA TI Development and characterization of a prototype explosives-contaminated soil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bruce.benner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 384-ANYL BP U358 EP U359 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300699 ER PT J AU Blair, WR Wallace, WE Byrd, HCM Quintavalle, JS Guttman, CM AF Blair, WR Wallace, WE Byrd, HCM Quintavalle, JS Guttman, CM TI High-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers: Combinatorial sample preparation with automated data analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM william.blair@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 295-PMSE BP U3645 EP U3645 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307290 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA Anderson, N Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ AF Briggman, KA Anderson, N Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ TI Optical spectroscopies for biological structure at interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kbriggma@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 294-ANYL BP U316 EP U317 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300610 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Jacques, TL Hess, NJ Daemen, LL Mamontov, E Linehan, JC Stowe, AC Autrey, T AF Brown, CM Jacques, TL Hess, NJ Daemen, LL Mamontov, E Linehan, JC Stowe, AC Autrey, T TI Dynamics of amineborane using neutron scattering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Smith Coll, Dept Chem, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 424-ANYL BP U378 EP U378 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300738 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Bluhm, H Brown, BA Chaka, AM Constantz, B Fendorf, S Foster, AL Myneni, SCB Nilsson, A Rosso, KM Salmeron, M Saltzman, J Spormann, AM Trainor, TP AF Brown, GE Bluhm, H Brown, BA Chaka, AM Constantz, B Fendorf, S Foster, AL Myneni, SCB Nilsson, A Rosso, KM Salmeron, M Saltzman, J Spormann, AM Trainor, TP TI Year-one activities at the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Educ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 7-GEOC BP U1714 EP U1715 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303441 ER PT J AU Butler, PD AF Butler, PD TI Structures and interactions in complex systems: Small angle neutron scattering 102 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM butler@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 392-ANYL BP U363 EP U363 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300707 ER PT J AU Camara, JE Nelson, BC Welch, MJ Satterfield, MB AF Camara, JE Nelson, BC Welch, MJ Satterfield, MB TI Quantitative analysis of disaccharide content in heparin and low molecular weight heparin by direct-infusion electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.camara@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 115-ANYL BP U230 EP U230 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300438 ER PT J AU Can, SZ Mago, D Esenturk, O Walker, RA AF Can, SZ Mago, D Esenturk, O Walker, RA TI Alcohol monolayers formed by linear and branched isomers at the air/water interface: Vibrational structure and thermodynamic behavior SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM scan@umd.edu RI Esenturk, Okan/C-1187-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 226-COLL BP U1146 EP U1146 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302305 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM AF Chaka, AM TI How computational chemistry fits into the problem solving process: What it can and cannot do SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 68-PHYS BP U2803 EP U2803 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305527 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Lo, CS AF Chaka, AM Lo, CS TI Thermodynamic thresholds for structural changes on metal oxide surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 64-GEOC BP U1745 EP U1745 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303498 ER PT J AU Chang, X Tao, W Beers, KL AF Chang, X Tao, W Beers, KL TI Microchannel confined surface-initiated polymerization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chang.xu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 521-PMSE BP U3752 EP U3752 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307515 ER PT J AU Chen, LJ Gu, XH Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, MJ Martin, J Nguyen, T AF Chen, LJ Gu, XH Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, MJ Martin, J Nguyen, T TI Humidity effects on adhesion force and chemical contrast measured with AFM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldd & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 167-COLL BP U1117 EP U1118 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302247 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM Kawaguchi, D Stafford, CM AF Chiang, MYM Kawaguchi, D Stafford, CM TI Combinatorial approaches for characterizing thin film bond strength SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 480-PMSE BP U3732 EP U3733 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307474 ER PT J AU Cho, BM Jimenez, R AF Cho, BM Jimenez, R TI Photon echo spectroscopy of hemes and heme proteins: Effects of quasi-degenerate electronic structure and axial ligation on the peak shift decay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bmcho@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 361-PHYS BP U2939 EP U2940 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305819 ER PT J AU Choquette, SJ Benner, BA Schantz, MM Porter, B Kearsely, AJ AF Choquette, SJ Benner, BA Schantz, MM Porter, B Kearsely, AJ TI Development of validated, instrument-corrected Raman spectral databases for homeland security applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.choquette@Nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 389-ANYL BP U362 EP U362 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300704 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, E TI Influence of vacancies on the dielectric properties of HfO2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 120-PHYS BP U2827 EP U2828 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305579 ER PT J AU Coursey, B Greenlaw, PD Coughlin, J AF Coursey, B Greenlaw, PD Coughlin, J TI Building confidence in analytical methods for homeland security SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20528 USA. EM coursey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 449-ANYL BP U390 EP U391 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300762 ER PT J AU Cremer, PS Lim, SM Gurau, M Kataoka, S Castellana, ET Zhang, YJ AF Cremer, PS Lim, SM Gurau, M Kataoka, S Castellana, ET Zhang, YJ TI Behavior of langmuir monolayers monitored by VSFS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cremer@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Sho, Kataoka/L-2940-2016 OI Sho, Kataoka/0000-0003-3954-7292 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 45-ANYL BP U196 EP U197 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300371 ER PT J AU Cygan, ZT Barnes, SE Beers, KL Amis, EJ AF Cygan, ZT Barnes, SE Beers, KL Amis, EJ TI Microfluidic platform for combinatorial measurements of polymer properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zuzanna.cygan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 561-PMSE BP U3770 EP U3770 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307553 ER PT J AU Dalosto, SD AF Dalosto, SD TI Theoretical study of the structure of the yeast metallo-chaperone Cu(I)-Atx1 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dalosto@u.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 371-PHYS BP U2944 EP U2944 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305829 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Vergne, MJ Welch, MJ AF Dodder, NG Vergne, MJ Welch, MJ TI Reproducibility of peptide mass spectra generated by tryptic digestion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.dodder@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 503-ANYL BP U416 EP U416 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300815 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Muzny, CD Chirico, RD Diky, VV Magee, JW Widegren, JA Marsh, KN Frenkel, M AF Dong, Q Muzny, CD Chirico, RD Diky, VV Magee, JW Widegren, JA Marsh, KN Frenkel, M TI IUPAC ionic liquids database, ILThermo SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Sci Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80241 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 74-CINF BP U1031 EP U1031 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302070 ER PT J AU Epps, TH Fasolka, MJ AF Epps, TH Fasolka, MJ TI Surface energy effects on triblock copolymer thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 518-PMSE BP U3750 EP U3751 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307512 ER PT J AU Fasolka, MJ Julthongpiput, D Zhang, WH Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Fasolka, MJ Julthongpiput, D Zhang, WH Karim, A Amis, EJ TI Gradient micropatterns for surface nanometrology and thin film nanomaterials development SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mfasolka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 307-POLY BP U4140 EP U4141 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308304 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Reyes, DR Gaitan, M Locascio, LE AF Forry, SP Reyes, DR Gaitan, M Locascio, LE TI Generating cell arrays inside microfluidic networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, EEEL, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 438-ANYL BP U384 EP U385 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300751 ER PT J AU Forster, AL Scierka, SJ AF Forster, AL Scierka, SJ TI Spectrophotometric assays for TiO2 photoreactivity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amanda.forster@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 138-ANYL BP U241 EP U241 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300461 ER PT J AU Gibson, EA Jimenez, R AF Gibson, EA Jimenez, R TI Femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy in microfluidic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM emily.gibson@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 473-ANYL BP U401 EP U401 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300786 ER PT J AU Gifford, IA Zhang, X Wang, C Lu, DR Poster, DL Silverman, J Al-Sheikhly, M AF Gifford, IA Zhang, X Wang, C Lu, DR Poster, DL Silverman, J Al-Sheikhly, M TI Enhanced boron neutron capture therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer using new boron-containing cholesteryl carborane ester compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Pharm, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 95-ANYL BP U219 EP U219 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300418 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CA Allison, TC Gonzalez, I Lim, EC AF Gonzalez, CA Allison, TC Gonzalez, I Lim, EC TI Van der Waals interactions in aromatic clusters: Investigation with quantum chemical methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 188-PHYS BP U2858 EP U2858 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305646 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, I Gonzalez, CA Lim, EC AF Gonzalez, I Gonzalez, CA Lim, EC TI Identifying and extracting the sources of errors in the calculation of binding energies of van der Waals clusters of aromatic molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igonzalezarraga@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 75-COMP BP U1287 EP U1287 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302588 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Nguyen, T Raghavan, D AF Gu, XH Nguyen, T Raghavan, D TI Heterogeneity in polymer coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Polymer Program, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM draghavan@howard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 310-POLY BP U4142 EP U4142 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308307 ER PT J AU Guthrie, WF Vocke, RD Mann, JL Kelly, WR AF Guthrie, WF Vocke, RD Mann, JL Kelly, WR TI Chemical blank corrections using a linear regression approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Life Sci Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM will.guthrie@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 498-ANYL BP U413 EP U413 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300810 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA Liu, P Vanderah, DJ Richter, CA Richter, LJ AF Hacker, CA Liu, P Vanderah, DJ Richter, CA Richter, LJ TI Ethylene oxide molecules covalently bonded to silicon and resulting protein resistance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanalysis Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 43-COLL BP U1057 EP U1058 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302123 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B Ho, D Chen, WR AF Hammouda, B Ho, D Chen, WR TI Solvation of poly(ethylene oxide) in d-water/d-methanol solvent mixtures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 142-PMSE BP U3569 EP U3570 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307139 ER PT J AU Harries, D Petrache, HI Danino, D Kesselman, E Parsegian, VA AF Harries, D Petrache, HI Danino, D Kesselman, E Parsegian, VA TI Osmotic pressure probes interactions in lipid-DNA complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Lab Phys & Struct Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Food Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM harriesd@mail.nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 277-COLL BP U1171 EP U1172 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302355 ER PT J AU Heilweil, EJ Plusquellic, D Fraser, GT Esenturk, O Korter, TM Beard, MC Campbell, MB DeWitt, M Balu, R AF Heilweil, EJ Plusquellic, D Fraser, GT Esenturk, O Korter, TM Beard, MC Campbell, MB DeWitt, M Balu, R TI Terahertz spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging of molecular systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Opt Technol Div, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov RI Esenturk, Okan/C-1187-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 326-ANYL BP U332 EP U332 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300642 ER PT J AU Heller, SR Stein, SE Tchekhovskoi, DV AF Heller, SR Stein, SE Tchekhovskoi, DV TI InChI: Open access/open source and the IUPAC international chemical identifier SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM srheller@nist.gov RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 60-CINF BP U1025 EP U1026 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302057 ER PT J AU Helz, GR Bedner, M MacCrehan, WA AF Helz, GR Bedner, M MacCrehan, WA TI Why does some oxidative chlorine resist reduction by sulfite? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gh17@umail.umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 27-ENVR BP U1512 EP U1512 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303027 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Brown, CM Daemen, LL Mamontov, E Scott Smith, R Kay, BD Shaw, WJ Linehan, JC Schmid, BA Stowe, AC Gutowski, M Autrey, T AF Hess, NJ Brown, CM Daemen, LL Mamontov, E Scott Smith, R Kay, BD Shaw, WJ Linehan, JC Schmid, BA Stowe, AC Gutowski, M Autrey, T TI Spectroscopic studies of hydrogen formation from amineborane complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 54-FUEL BP U1651 EP U1652 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303307 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EK Bauer, BJ AF Hobbie, EK Bauer, BJ TI Colloidal particles coated and stabilized by DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 22-COLL BP U1047 EP U1047 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302102 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Kim, JH AF Holmes, GA Kim, JH TI Combinatorial approach for quantifying the effect of fiber-fiber interactions on interfacial shear strength in composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 478-PMSE BP U3731 EP U3732 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307472 ER PT J AU Howerton, SB AF Howerton, SB TI Benefits of a postdoctoral experience in a government facility SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.howerton@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 3-PROF BP U1808 EP U1808 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303625 ER PT J AU Hu, H AF Hu, H TI Multi-layer microfluidic device to assemble uniform nano-colloidal clusters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 284-COLL BP U1175 EP U1175 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302362 ER PT J AU Hudson, SD Cabral, JT Zhang, WH Pathak, JA Beers, KL AF Hudson, SD Cabral, JT Zhang, WH Pathak, JA Beers, KL TI Microfluidic interfacial tensiometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 562-PMSE BP U3770 EP U3770 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307554 ER PT J AU Huie, RE Poskrebyshev, GA Neta, P AF Huie, RE Poskrebyshev, GA Neta, P TI Reactions of monochloramine with OH and e(aq)(-) and subsequent reactions of center dot NH2 and (NHCI)-N-center dot with O-2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Crest Inst Sci, Baldwin Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 8-ENVR BP U1503 EP U1503 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303008 ER PT J AU Hutchison, JB Brazhnik, K Locascio, L AF Hutchison, JB Brazhnik, K Locascio, L TI Construction of integrated micro- and nanofluidic components by photo polymerization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Mol Spectrometry & Microfluid Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Brian.Hutchison@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 435-ANYL BP U383 EP U383 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300748 ER PT J AU Icenogle, TB Regnault, WF Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Icenogle, TB Regnault, WF Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D TI Physical and chemical characterization of bioactive polymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Food & Drug Adm, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tbi@cdrh.fda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 346-POLY BP U4159 EP U4159 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308343 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Johnson, RD AF Irikura, KK Johnson, RD TI Bimolecular reactions in the decomposition of the nitramine RDX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 344-ORGN BP U3222 EP U3222 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797306340 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, ME Thompson, WE TI Infrared spectra of nitrosamine and its cation trapped in solid neon SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 300-PHYS BP U2912 EP U2912 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305758 ER PT J AU Jarvis, EAA Chaka, AM AF Jarvis, EAA Chaka, AM TI Structure and reactivity of a-Fe2O3 (0001) in the presence of oxygen SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emily.jarvis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 405-PHYS BP U2959 EP U2960 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305862 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD Irikura, KK Kacker, RN AF Johnson, RD Irikura, KK Kacker, RN TI Uncertainties in scaling factors for ab initio vibrational frequencies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.johnson@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 282-PHYS BP U2903 EP U2904 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305740 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD AF Johnson, RD TI NIST Computational chemistry comparison and benchmark database SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.johnson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 36-CINF BP U1015 EP U1015 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302034 ER PT J AU Karabiyik, U Satija, SK Esker, AR AF Karabiyik, U Satija, SK Esker, AR TI Surface glass transition temperature of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) filled poly(t-butyl acrylate) films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ukarabiy@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 108-POLY BP U4049 EP U4050 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308108 ER PT J AU Karim, A Ashley, KM Douglas, JF Raghavan, D AF Karim, A Ashley, KM Douglas, JF Raghavan, D TI Mapping wetting/dewetting transition line in ultrathin polystyrene films combinatorially SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Polymer Program, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 519-PMSE BP U3751 EP U3751 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307513 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Stanford, VM Misakian, MM Henrickson, SE Nguyen, T Gussio, R Halverson, KM Bavari, S Panchal, RG AF Kasianowicz, JJ Stanford, VM Misakian, MM Henrickson, SE Nguyen, T Gussio, R Halverson, KM Bavari, S Panchal, RG TI Structure-function relationships of transmembrane nanopore toxins: Mechanisms of action and new applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 429-ANYL BP U380 EP U381 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300743 ER PT J AU Kee, TW Becker, ML Zhao, HX Kohn, J Cicerone, MT AF Kee, TW Becker, ML Zhao, HX Kohn, J Cicerone, MT TI Broadband CARS microscopy as a tool for probing protein adsorption on biocompatible surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Wright Rieman Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM keex0003@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 269-ANYL BP U305 EP U305 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300586 ER PT J AU Kelly, WR Mann, JL Turk, GC Vocke, RD AF Kelly, WR Mann, JL Turk, GC Vocke, RD TI Determination of sulfur in ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel: Current status based on an international comparison SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Life Sci Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bob.kelly@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 73-ANYL BP U210 EP U210 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300399 ER PT J AU Kinsinger, CR MacKerell, AD Irikura, KK AF Kinsinger, CR MacKerell, AD Irikura, KK TI CHARMM force field for peptide ions in the gas phase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM christopher.kinsinger@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 241-PHYS BP U2884 EP U2884 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305699 ER PT J AU Langley, D Kapur, AJO Tenney, DI Rose, BE Levine, SM Pokornowski, KA Plym, MJ Yu, CF Baldick, CJ Zhang, S Walsh, AW Discotto, L Mazzucco, C Fang, J Colonno, RJ AF Langley, D Kapur, AJO Tenney, DI Rose, BE Levine, SM Pokornowski, KA Plym, MJ Yu, CF Baldick, CJ Zhang, S Walsh, AW Discotto, L Mazzucco, C Fang, J Colonno, RJ TI BARACLUDE (TM) (Entecavir), a potent and selective inhibitor of HBV-RT: Molecular mechanism(s) of resistance in viruses with pre-existing lamivudine resistance substitutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Comp Assisted Drug Design, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Infect Dis, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.langley@bms.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 313-COMP BP U1398 EP U1399 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302821 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Nguyen, T Sung, LP Clerici, C Martin, J AF Lee, HJ Nguyen, T Sung, LP Clerici, C Martin, J TI Chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes by metal coordination SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM hajin.lee@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 140-COLL BP U1104 EP U1105 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302220 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Wilder, EA Landis, FA Votrubadrzal, PL AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Wilder, Elizabeth A. Landis, Forrest A. Votrubadrzal, Peter L. TI Combinatorial methods for the characterization of dental materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 558-PMSE BP U3769 EP U3769 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307550 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Paul, RL AF Lindstrom, RM Paul, RL TI Preparation and certification of hydrogen in titanium alloy standard reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Richard.Lindstrom@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 76-ANYL BP U211 EP U212 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300402 ER PT J AU Lippa, KA Sander, LC AF Lippa, KA Sander, LC TI Investigation of order and disorder in liquid chromatographic stationary phases by molecular dynamics simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 236-ANYL BP U289 EP U290 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300557 ER PT J AU Liu, H Guthrie, WF Lu, J Soto, J AF Liu, H Guthrie, WF Lu, J Soto, J TI Open source software for the statistical analysis of complex measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 466-ANYL BP U398 EP U398 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300779 ER PT J AU Lo, CS Chaka, AM Trainor, TP AF Lo, CS Chaka, AM Trainor, TP TI Structure and reactivity of clean and hydrated a-Fe2O3 (1-102), studied via density functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM cynthia.lo@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 406-PHYS BP U2960 EP U2960 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305863 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA Bedner, M Benner, BA AF MacCrehan, WA Bedner, M Benner, BA TI Development of NIST reference materials supporting explosives measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 347-ANYL BP U342 EP U342 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300663 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Greenberg, RR Downing, RG Lamaze, GP Lindstrom, RM Oflaz, RD Paul, RL Zeisler, RL AF Mackey, EA Greenberg, RR Downing, RG Lamaze, GP Lindstrom, RM Oflaz, RD Paul, RL Zeisler, RL TI Overview of nuclear analytical chemistry in the NIST Analytical Chemistry Division SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liz.mackey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 3-NUCL BP U2277 EP U2277 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797304555 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA AF Mackey, EA TI Development of a new Standard Reference Material: SRM 695 Trace Elements Multi-nutrient Fertilizer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liz.mackey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 144-AGRO BP U172 EP U173 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300325 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF AF Majkrzak, CF TI Neutron reflectivity for determining thin film structures with nanometer resolution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 393-ANYL BP U364 EP U364 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300708 ER PT J AU Mallapragada, SK Vogel, B Eidelman, N Narasimhan, B AF Mallapragada, SK Vogel, B Eidelman, N Narasimhan, B TI Combinatorial synthesis and dissolution testing of polyanhydride copolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM suryakm@iastate.edu RI Mallapragada, Surya/F-9375-2012; Narasimhan, Balaji/A-5487-2008 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0002-7955-5353 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 475-PMSE BP U3730 EP U3730 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307469 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E AF Mamontov, E TI "Bulk" spectroscopy technique employed in surface science: Quasielastic neutron scattering studies of water mobility on oxide surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mamontov@nist.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 425-ANYL BP U378 EP U379 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300739 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Kelly, WR AF Mann, JL Kelly, WR TI Measurement of sulfur isotopic signatures in two high elevation snow pits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlmann@geol.umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 133-ENVR BP U1564 EP U1564 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303133 ER PT J AU Martinez, CJ Semancik, S Hockey, B AF Martinez, CJ Semancik, S Hockey, B TI AEI: Engineering of porous, tin oxide nanoparticle microshells for chemical sensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjm@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 278-INOR BP U2147 EP U2147 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797304275 ER PT J AU McCormick, A Zachariah, MR AF McCormick, A Zachariah, MR TI Kinetic monte carlo of gelling/microstructure development in nanostructured aerosols SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mccormic@cems.umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 33-COMP BP U1268 EP U1269 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302547 ER PT J AU McGillivray, DJ Valincius, G Vanderah, DJ Woodward, JT Febo, W Kasianowicz, JJ Losche, M AF McGillivray, DJ Valincius, G Vanderah, DJ Woodward, JT Febo, W Kasianowicz, JJ Losche, M TI Solid-supported lipid membranes for protein incorporation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Vilnius Gedimino Tech Univ, Inst Biochem, Vilnius, Lithuania. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 70-COLL BP U1071 EP U1071 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302150 ER PT J AU Mei, Y Wu, T Xu, C Langenbach, K Elliott, JT Beers, KL Amis, EJ Washburn, NR Henderson, L AF Mei, Y Wu, T Xu, C Langenbach, K Elliott, JT Beers, KL Amis, EJ Washburn, NR Henderson, L TI Control of protein absorption and cell adhesion: Effect of polymer graft density SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ying.mei@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 328-POLY BP U4151 EP U4151 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308325 ER PT J AU Mei, Y Wu, T Xu, C Langenbach, K Elliott, JT Vogt, BD Beers, KL Amis, EJ Washburn, NR AF Mei, Y Wu, T Xu, C Langenbach, K Elliott, JT Vogt, BD Beers, KL Amis, EJ Washburn, NR TI Combinatorial studies of the effect of polymer grafting density on protein absorption and cell adhesion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ying.mei@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 294-POLY BP U4134 EP U4135 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308291 ER PT J AU Meier, D Evju, J Boger, Z Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Semancik, S AF Meier, D Evju, J Boger, Z Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Semancik, S TI Detecting hazardous chemicals with temperature-programmed MEMS microsensors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmeier@nist.gov; steves@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 286-ANYL BP U312 EP U313 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300602 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Wheeler, D Josell, D AF Moffat, TP Wheeler, D Josell, D TI Superconformal film growth: Mechanism and quantification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 249-COLL BP U1157 EP U1157 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302327 ER PT J AU Murphy, KE Long, SE Vocke, RD Mackey, EA Zeisler, RL Sharpless, KE Sander, LC AF Murphy, KE Long, SE Vocke, RD Mackey, EA Zeisler, RL Sharpless, KE Sander, LC TI Determination of toxic elements in dietary supplement standard reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.murphy@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 74-ANYL BP U210 EP U211 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300400 ER PT J AU Muzny, CD Lemmon, EW Chirio, RD Diky, V Dong, Q Frenkel, M AF Muzny, CD Lemmon, EW Chirio, RD Diky, V Dong, Q Frenkel, M TI Dynamic equation of state evaluation with ThermoData Engine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.muzny@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 20-CINF BP U1008 EP U1008 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302020 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Deskevich, MP Zolot, A Ziemkiewicz, M AF Nesbitt, DJ Deskevich, MP Zolot, A Ziemkiewicz, M TI Landscapes in elementary F+ diatom and triatom reactions: Potential surfaces and state-resolved experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 410-PHYS BP U2962 EP U2962 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305867 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ AF Nesbitt, DJ TI Long range electron ejection dynamics in quantum dots: To blink or not to blink SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 222-PHYS BP U2874 EP U2875 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305680 ER PT J AU Neumann, DA AF Neumann, DA TI Polymer research at the NIST center for neutron research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dan.neumann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 68-PMSE BP U3533 EP U3533 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307066 ER PT J AU Neumann, DA Brown, CM Yildirim, T Hartman, M Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Neumann, DA Brown, CM Yildirim, T Hartman, M Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ TI Neutron metrologies for hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dan.neumann@nist.gov RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 32-FUEL BP U1641 EP U1642 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303285 ER PT J AU Ni, S Satija, SK Esker, AR AF Ni, S Satija, SK Esker, AR TI Surface patterns of poly(L-lactic acid) 10(3) helices at the air/water interface and on solid substrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sni@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 259-PMSE BP U3628 EP U3629 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307255 ER PT J AU Norman, AI Alessi, ML Knowlton, SE Ho, DL Greer, SC AF Norman, AI Alessi, ML Knowlton, SE Ho, DL Greer, SC TI Helical and coil conformations of poly(ethylene glycol) in iso-butyric acid and water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anorman1@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 149-PMSE BP U3572 EP U3573 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307146 ER PT J AU Nyden, MR Stoliarov, SI Westmoreland, PR AF Nyden, MR Stoliarov, SI Westmoreland, PR TI Modeling the thermal decomposition of large molecules and nanostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Galaxy Sci Corp, Amherst, MA USA. EM marc.nyden@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 131-COMP BP U1313 EP U1313 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302643 ER PT J AU Oliver-Kapur, AJ Chaka, AM Gilson, MK Schwarz, FP AF Oliver-Kapur, AJ Chaka, AM Gilson, MK Schwarz, FP TI Standard reference simulations for docking and scoring: Enabling robust computational screening for drug design SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jaynekapur@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 196-COMP BP U1344 EP U1345 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302706 ER PT J AU Opdahl, AM Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ AF Opdahl, AM Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ TI Controlling the grafting density of single stranded DNA on gold by adenine nucleotide adsorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 40-COLL BP U1056 EP U1056 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302120 ER PT J AU Park, ES Ro, HW Sim, JH Yoon, DY AF Park, ES Ro, HW Sim, JH Yoon, DY TI Microstructure and properties of bridged poly(silsesquioxane) copolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM suntree9@snu.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 199-POLY BP U4091 EP U4092 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308196 ER PT J AU Pathak, JA Berg, RF Beers, KL AF Pathak, JA Berg, RF Beers, KL TI Development of a microfluidic rheometer for complex fluids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 559-PMSE BP U3769 EP U3769 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307551 ER PT J AU Paul, RL Mackey, EA Lindstrom, RM AF Paul, RL Mackey, EA Lindstrom, RM TI Evaluation of uncertainties in prompt gamma-ray activation analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 501-ANYL BP U415 EP U415 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300813 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Opdahl, AM Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Opdahl, AM Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Probing DNA-DNA and DNA-Au interactions by exposure to mercaptolhexanol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 41-COLL BP U1056 EP U1057 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302121 ER PT J AU Picraux, LB Robey, SW Sita, LR van Zee, RD AF Picraux, LB Robey, SW Sita, LR van Zee, RD TI Valence electronic structure of oligio(phenylene vinylene)thiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM laura.picraux@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 254-COLL BP U1159 EP U1160 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302332 ER PT J AU Plant, AL Elliottt, JT Langenbach, K McDaniel, D Woodward, JT AF Plant, AL Elliottt, JT Langenbach, K McDaniel, D Woodward, JT TI Thin films of self-assembled collagen fibrils: Effect of mechanical properties on cell response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 13-COLL BP U1042 EP U1043 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302093 ER PT J AU Poster, DL Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Poster, DL Schantz, MM Wise, SA TI Performance-based quality assurance program for the determination of organic species in air particulate samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM poster@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 75-ANYL BP U211 EP U211 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300401 ER PT J AU Pratt, KW Duewer, DL AF Pratt, KW Duewer, DL TI Visualizing uncertainty budgets: Peeling the onion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.pratt@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 467-ANYL BP U398 EP U399 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300780 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Howerton, SB Sander, LC AF Rimmer, CA Howerton, SB Sander, LC TI Determination of ginkgolides and flavonol glycosides in Ginkgo biloba standard reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 72-ANYL BP U209 EP U210 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300398 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Char, K Lee, HJ Lee, JK Rhee, HW Soles, CL Yoon, DY AF Ro, HW Char, K Lee, HJ Lee, JK Rhee, HW Soles, CL Yoon, DY TI High-strength and low-expansion glassy materials for interlayer dielectric applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Nanosyst Inst, Natl Core Res Ctr, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151, South Korea. Sogang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hyunwook.ro@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 91-PMSE BP U3545 EP U3546 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307089 ER PT J AU Ross, D Balss, KM Hoebel, SJ Jones, BJ Malliaris, C Vreeland, WN AF Ross, D Balss, KM Hoebel, SJ Jones, BJ Malliaris, C Vreeland, WN TI Scanning temperature gradient focusing for simultaneous concentration and separation of complex samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 440-ANYL BP U386 EP U386 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300753 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Kucklick, JR Poster, D Stapleton, HM Wise, SA AF Schantz, MM Kucklick, JR Poster, D Stapleton, HM Wise, SA TI Certification of a house dust standard reference material for determination of organic contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 71-ANYL BP U209 EP U209 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300397 ER PT J AU Shin, K Chen, JT Ryu, D Leach, KA Thiyagarajan, P Soles, CL Jones, RL Russell, TP AF Shin, K Chen, JT Ryu, D Leach, KA Thiyagarajan, P Soles, CL Jones, RL Russell, TP TI Static conformation of chain molecules in nanoscopic cylinders SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kyusoons@mail.pse.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 172-PMSE BP U3586 EP U3586 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307169 ER PT J AU Siegrist, K Balu, R Gregurick, SK Mandelbaum, I Walker, ARH Plusquellic, DF AF Siegrist, K Balu, R Gregurick, SK Mandelbaum, I Walker, ARH Plusquellic, DF TI CW THz spectroscopy of polypeptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM karen.siegrist@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 19-ANYL BP U185 EP U186 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300348 ER PT J AU Soles, CL Jones, RL Ro, HW Lin, EK Karim, A Wu, WL Reano, RM Hu, W Pang, SW Casa, DM AF Soles, CL Jones, RL Ro, HW Lin, EK Karim, A Wu, WL Reano, RM Hu, W Pang, SW Casa, DM TI Melting behavior of imprinted polymer nanostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Sci Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov RI Pang, Stella/A-7770-2012; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016; Reano, Ronald/J-9286-2014 OI Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 89-PMSE BP U3544 EP U3545 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307087 ER PT J AU Stephens, JS Roy, TD Dunkers, JP Becker, ML Rege, A Kohn, J AF Stephens, JS Roy, TD Dunkers, JP Becker, ML Rege, A Kohn, J TI Investigation of 3-D tyrosine-derived polycarbonate scaffolds for tissue engineering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM jeans@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 342-POLY BP U4157 EP U4157 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308339 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Chaka, AM Levine, L AF Tavazza, F Chaka, AM Levine, L TI A hybrid quantum-classical approach to the study of dislocation properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ftavazza@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 31-COMP BP U1268 EP U1268 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302545 ER PT J AU Teague, LC Drain, CM Batteas, JD AF Teague, LC Drain, CM Batteas, JD TI Self assembly and nanoscale patterning of porphyrins on surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 268-COLL BP U1166 EP U1167 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302346 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Rimmer, CA Sharpless, KE Sander, LC AF Thomas, JB Rimmer, CA Sharpless, KE Sander, LC TI Determination of carotenoids in SRM 3276 carrot extract in sunflower oil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jbthomas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 98-AGFD BP U51 EP U51 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300098 ER PT J AU Tinte, S Cockayne, E Burton, BP AF Tinte, S Cockayne, E Burton, BP TI Generation of lattice Wannier functions for PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 solid solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ceram Div, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 24-PHYS BP U2782 EP U2782 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305483 ER PT J AU Tseng, IH Scierka, SJ AF Tseng, IH Scierka, SJ TI In situ EPR study of UV irradiated TiO2 suspensions with spin traps SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ihsiang.tseng@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 148-ANYL BP U246 EP U246 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300471 ER PT J AU Turner, LL Becker, ML Li, XX Taylor, JSA Wooley, KL AF Turner, LL Becker, ML Li, XX Taylor, JSA Wooley, KL TI PNA-directed solution- and surface-assembly of shell crosslinked (SCK) nanoparticle conjugates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM klwooley@artsci.wustl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 86-COLL BP U1078 EP U1079 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302166 ER PT J AU Urban, BJ Avedisian, CT Tsang, W AF Urban, BJ Avedisian, CT Tsang, W TI The film boiling reactor: A new environment for chemical processing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 171-FUEL BP U1704 EP U1705 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303421 ER PT J AU Vergne, MJ Bunk, DM Welch, MJ AF Vergne, MJ Bunk, DM Welch, MJ TI Mass spectrometry studies on the reproducibility of protein digestion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.vergne@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 113-ANYL BP U229 EP U229 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300436 ER PT J AU Vetter, T Guthrie, WF Lindstrom, RM AF Vetter, T Guthrie, WF Lindstrom, RM TI Simplify your uncertainty estimate using the Kragten spreadsheet SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.vetter@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 465-ANYL BP U397 EP U398 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300778 ER PT J AU Vetter, T AF Vetter, T TI Importance and application of a uniform approach to estimating measurement uncertainty SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.vetter@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 463-ANYL BP U397 EP U397 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300776 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Satija, SK Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Satija, SK Lin, EK Wu, WL TI Measurement and control of moisture at buried polymer/metal interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov; wenli@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 206-PMSE BP U3602 EP U3603 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307202 ER PT J AU Wagner, NJ Liberatore, M Nettesheim, F Porcar, L AF Wagner, NJ Liberatore, M Nettesheim, F Porcar, L TI Small angle neutron scattering under flow in the 1-2 plane: Rheo-SANS of phase-separating self-assembled wormlike surfactants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Rockville, MD USA. EM wagner@che.udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 462-ANYL BP U396 EP U396 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300775 ER PT J AU Wilder, EA Guo, S Chiang, MYM Stafford, CM AF Wilder, EA Guo, S Chiang, MYM Stafford, CM TI High throughput modulus measurements of soft polymer networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.wilder@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 477-PMSE BP U3731 EP U3731 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307471 ER PT J AU Wooley, KL Turner, JL Becker, ML Li, XX Rossin, R Sun, XK Taylor, JSA Welch, MJ AF Wooley, KL Turner, JL Becker, ML Li, XX Rossin, R Sun, XK Taylor, JSA Welch, MJ TI Peptide nucleic acid-decorated shell crosslinked nanoparticles and their intracellularly-directed molecular recognition in vitro and in vivo SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Washington Univ St Louis, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ St Louis, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM klwooley@artsci.wusti.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 61-POLY BP U4027 EP U4028 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308061 ER PT J AU Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Beers, KL AF Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Beers, KL TI Microchip for a kinetics study of controlled polymerization using stoichiometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tao.wu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 474-PMSE BP U3730 EP U3730 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307468 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Butler, T Turk, GC AF Yu, LL Butler, T Turk, GC TI Effect of arsenic valence state on the certification measurements of primary calibration solutions by ICP-OES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Spectrochem Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 143-ANYL BP U243 EP U244 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300466 ER PT J AU Zachariah, MR Park, K Rai, A Kittelson, DB Miller, A AF Zachariah, MR Park, K Rai, A Kittelson, DB Miller, A TI Quantitative single particle mass spectrometry characterization of nanoaerosol composition and reactivity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Park, Kihong/F-8366-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 68-ENVR BP U1532 EP U1532 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303068 ER PT J AU Zachariah, MR Kim, SH AF Zachariah, MR Kim, SH TI Quantifying the role of metals in the carbon-based nanostructures: From soot to carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20754 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 6-ENVR BP U1502 EP U1502 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303006 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Briber, RM Kashiwagi, T AF Zhang, X Briber, RM Kashiwagi, T TI Molecular weight and filler dispersion on the flammability of PMMA/layered silicate nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 341-PMSE BP U3666 EP U3667 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307336 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Kiehl, JT Hess, PG Collins, WD Emmons, LK Ginoux, P Luo, C Tie, XX AF Lamarque, JF Kiehl, JT Hess, PG Collins, WD Emmons, LK Ginoux, P Luo, C Tie, XX TI Response of a coupled chemistry-climate model to changes in aerosol emissions: Global impact on the hydrological cycle and the tropospheric burdens of OH, ozone, and NOx SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERE; OXIDANTS AB In this study, we analyze the response of the coupled chemistry- climate system to changes in aerosol emissions in fully coupled atmospheric chemistry- climate- slab ocean model simulations; only the direct radiative effect of aerosols and their uptake of chemical species are considered in this study. We show that, at the global scale, a decrease in emissions of the considered aerosols ( or their precursors) produces a warmer and moister climate. In addition, the tropospheric burdens of OH and ozone increase when aerosol emissions are decreased. The ozone response is a combination of the impact of reduced heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 and increased ozone loss in a moister atmosphere. Under reduced aerosol emissions, the tropospheric burden of NOx ( NO + NO2) is strongly reduced by an increase in nitric acid formation but also increased by the reduced N2O5 uptake. Finally, we discuss the significant difference found between the combined impact of all aerosols emissions and the sum of their individual contributions. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80350 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80350 USA. EM lamar@ucar.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16809 DI 10.1029/2005GL023419 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960CU UT WOS:000231568600003 ER PT J AU Hogarth, W AF Hogarth, W TI Complex research on sea lions is worth the expense SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Fisheries Serv, NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hogarth, W (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, NOAA, US Dept Commerce, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7054 BP 1088 EP 1088 DI 10.1038/4361088c PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 958AK UT WOS:000231416600020 PM 16121153 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Bhartia, PK DeLuisi, J AF Petropavlovskikh, I Bhartia, PK DeLuisi, J TI New Umkehr ozone profile retrieval algorithm optimized for climatological studies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVERSION AB We present a new Umkehr ozone profile retrieval algorithm (UMK04) that has been optimized for the study of monthly mean anomalies (MMA) to assess climate variability in multi-year time series. Although the Umkehr technique is too noisy to monitor short-term variability in atmospheric ozone, it is capable of monitoring long-term changes in MMA with less then 5% uncertainty in the stratosphere, and with no influence from a priori information. By examining the information content of UMK04 we conclude that Umkehr data contain useful information about long-term ozone trend down to the surface, provided the data are analyzed as column ozone amounts in 8-layers, consisting of two similar to 9.6 km layers in the lower atmosphere ( 253 - 1013, 63 - 253 hPa), five similar to 4.8 km layers ( 32 - 63, 16 - 32, 8 - 16, 4 - 8, 2 - 4 hPa) in the stratosphere, plus a broad top layer spanning from 0 - 4 hPa. C1 NOAA, ARL, REAR 1, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, REAR 1, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM irini.petro@noaa.gov RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16808 DI 10.1029/2005GL023323 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960CT UT WOS:000231568500001 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Soloninin, AV Buzlukov, AL Voyevodina, LS Cook, JC Udovic, TJ Hempelmann, R AF Skripov, AV Soloninin, AV Buzlukov, AL Voyevodina, LS Cook, JC Udovic, TJ Hempelmann, R TI Hydrogen motion in C14-type HfCr2Hx: quasielastic neutron scattering and NMR studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C15-TYPE COMPOUNDS ZRCR2HX; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PROTON NMR; DIFFUSION; HYDRIDE; RELAXATION; MOBILITY; ATOMS AB In order to study the mechanism and parameters of hydrogen diffusion in the hexagonal (C14-type) Laves phase HfCr2, we have performed quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements in HfCr2H0.74 and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate in HfCr2Hchi(0.30 <= x <= 1.62) over the temperature range 11-424 K. It is found that the diffusive motion of hydrogen in this system can be described in terms of at least two jump processes: a fast localized H motion with the jump rate tau(l)(-1) and a slower process with the rate tau(d)(-1) associated with H jumps leading to long-range diffusion. In the interval 175-400 K, the temperature dependences of both tau(l)(-1) and tau(d)(-1) are reasonably described by an Arrhenius law. For HfCr2H0.74 the corresponding activation energies derived from the QENS data are 122 +/- 7 meV for tau(l)(-1) and 148 +/- 7 meV for tau(d)(-1); the ratio tau(d)/tau(l) at room temperature is close to 16. The long-range hydrogen mobility is found to decrease with increasing H content. C1 Acad Sci Ekaterinburg, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Saarland, Inst Phys Chem, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Acad Sci Ekaterinburg, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Buzlukov, Anton/J-8078-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Buzlukov, Anton/0000-0002-2728-0503; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 24 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 33 BP 5011 EP 5025 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/33/006 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 964GL UT WOS:000231867100008 ER PT J AU Grodsky, SA Carton, JA Provost, C Servain, J Lorenzzetti, JA McPhaden, MJ AF Grodsky, SA Carton, JA Provost, C Servain, J Lorenzzetti, JA McPhaden, MJ TI Tropical instability waves at 0 degrees N, 23 degrees W in the Atlantic: A case study using Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; COLD-TONGUE; CURRENTS; ENERGETICS; MODEL; HEAT; CIRCULATION AB Temperature, salinity, velocity, and wind from a mooring at 0 degrees N, 23 degrees W are used along with satellite data for sea surface temperature and sea level to examine the contribution of tropical instability waves ( TIWs) to the energy and heat balance of the equatorial Atlantic mixed layer. The TIWs appear as periodic 20 - 30 day fluctuations of currents, temperature, and salinity, which intensify beginning in June and peak in late boreal summer. The intensification occurs in phase with strengthening of the southeasterly trade winds and the seasonal appearance of the equatorial tongue of cold mixed layer temperatures. In 2002 these waves, which warm the mixed layer by 0.35 degrees C during summer months, are maintained by both barotropic and baroclinic conversions that are of comparable size. Salinity fluctuations, previously neglected, increase the magnitude of baroclinic energy conversion. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris, France. Inst Rech Dev, UR 065, Brest, France. INPE, Remote Sensing Div, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Grodsky, SA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 224 Comp & Space Sci Bldg,Room 2409, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM senya@atmos.umd.edu RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; Grodsky, Semyon/F-4929-2010; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Grodsky, Semyon/0000-0002-0670-1356; NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C8 AR C08010 DI 10.1029/2005JC002941 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 960DM UT WOS:000231570400001 ER PT J AU Noda, N Lee, YH Bur, AJ Prabhu, VM Snyder, CR Roth, SC McBrearty, M AF Noda, N Lee, YH Bur, AJ Prabhu, VM Snyder, CR Roth, SC McBrearty, M TI Dielectric properties of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites from on-line process monitoring and off-line measurements SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE clay nanocomposites; DC conductivity; dielectric properties ID DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; RELAXATION PROCESSES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; DIPOLAR RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Nylon 6/clay nanocomposites were studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) to correlate morphology and microstructure with relaxation behavior of the polymer matrix at the molecular level. Partially exfoliated clay microstructure was achieved by extruding nylon 6 with surfactant-treated montmorillonite clays. A new on-line dielectric slit die sensor was used to examine the melt state properties during extrusion compounding. Solid state properties were probed by off-line DRS over a temperature range from -50 to 180 degrees C in a frequency range from 10(-3) to 10(6) Hz. Using non-linear regression methods in conjunction with the temperature-frequency positions of relaxations observed in the dielectric loss data, the experimental data were fit with the Havriliak-Negami and Cole-Cole dielectric relaxation functions corrected for electrode polarization and DC conductivity. Characteristic frequency, relaxation strength, and DC conductivities were extracted from curves with overlapping relaxation modes. Two dielectric relaxations were observed in the composite melt: the a relaxation associated with molecular segmental motion, and a Maxwell-Wagner relaxation (MW) resulting from interfacial polarization at the resin/clay interface. Analysis of the solid-state data yielded a comprehensive master plot of dielectric relaxations attributed to segmental and local molecular dynamics and other relaxations resulting from water and Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The impact of clay fillers is seen in nearly all relaxation processes changing both characteristic frequency and strength of the relaxation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chem Electrophys Corp, Hockessin, DE 19707 USA. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM abur@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 66 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 23 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 18 BP 7201 EP 7217 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.046 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 957TW UT WOS:000231397200047 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Takeuchi, I Chang, KS AF Booth, JC Takeuchi, I Chang, KS TI Microwave-frequency loss and dispersion in ferroelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PERMITTIVITY; BAND AB We report on broadband microwave-frequency measurements of epitaxial ferroelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films that reveal systematic increases in the loss and dispersion as the frequency increases toward 40 GHz. Our analysis provides evidence that the origin of this increased loss and dispersion is the direct coupling of microwave energy into a broad distribution of damped soft-phonon modes. We believe that nanometer-sized polar regions in the thin films play a role in this process, resulting in lattice-dynamical loss mechanisms that extend several decades in frequency below the frequency of the soft mode in these thin-film materials. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 8 AR 082908 DI 10.1063/1.2033139 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956OW UT WOS:000231310700045 ER PT J AU Cage, B Russek, SE Zipse, D North, JM Dalal, NS AF Cage, B Russek, SE Zipse, D North, JM Dalal, NS TI Resonant microwave power absorption and relaxation of the energy levels of the molecular nanomagnet Fe-8 using superconducting quantum interference device-based magnetometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; IRON(III) CATION; MAGNETS; CLUSTERS; COMPLEX; V-15 AB Energy levels and saturation of molecular nanomagnet Fe-8 crystals were investigated using a 95 and 141 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique based on a standard superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The technique provides quantitative determination of the dc magnetic moment as a function of microwave power, magnetic field, and temperature. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cage, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bcage@boulder.nist.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 8 AR 082501 DI 10.1063/1.2011793 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956OW UT WOS:000231310700029 ER PT J AU Hudson, SD Cabral, JT Goodrum, WJ Beers, KL Amis, EJ AF Hudson, SD Cabral, JT Goodrum, WJ Beers, KL Amis, EJ TI Microfluidic interfacial tensiometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPARABLE DIAMETER; CREEPING MOTION; CIRCULAR TUBE; LIQUID-DROPS; FLOW-FIELDS; SHEAR FLOWS; SURFACTANT AB A microfluidic approach to measure interfacial tension sigma of immiscible fluids rapidly is reported. This method rests upon quantitative real-time analysis of two-phase flow and drop-shape dynamics. Drops of prescribed dimension and spacing are produced, accelerated, and deformed under extensional flow. These measurements compare well with existing published data and demonstrate a wide range of accessible interfacial tension (e.g., from 2.5 to 60 mN/m). C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 8 AR 081905 DI 10.1063/1.2034098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956OW UT WOS:000231310700021 ER PT J AU Deskevich, MP Nesbitt, DJ AF Deskevich, MP Nesbitt, DJ TI Large amplitude quantum mechanics in polyatomic hydrides. I. A particles-on-a-sphere model for XHn SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SYSTEM; HYDRONIUM ION; MU-M; GROUND-STATE; WATER DIMERS; DIODE-LASER; CH5+; SPECTRUM AB A framework is presented for converged quantum mechanical calculations on large amplitude dynamics in polyatomic hydrides (XHn) based on a relatively simple, but computationally tractable, "particles-on-a-sphere" (POS) model for the intramolecular motion of the light atoms. The model assumes independent two-dimensional (2D) angular motion of H atoms imbedded on the surface of a sphere with an arbitrary interatomic angular potential. This assumption permits systematic evolution from "free rotor" to "tunneling" to "quasi-rigid" polyatomic molecule behavior for small, but finite, values of total angular momentum J. This work focuses on simple triatom (n=2) and tetratom (n=3) systems as a function of interatomic potential stiffness, with explicit consideration of H2O, NH3, and H3O+ as limiting test cases. The POS model also establishes the necessary mathematical groundwork for calculations on dynamically much more challenging XHn species with n > 3 (e.g., models of CH5+) where such a reduced dimensionality approach offers prospects for being quantum mechanically tractable at low J values (i.e., J=0, 1, 2) characteristic of supersonic jet expansion conditions. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 8 AR 084304 DI 10.1063/1.1940613 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 960MU UT WOS:000231598600014 PM 16164288 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM Chan, KS Belgrano, A Stenseth, NC AF Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM Chan, KS Belgrano, A Stenseth, NC TI Climate change causing phase transitions of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) recruitment dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phase transition; regime shift; climate; walleye pollock; Gulf of Alaska; recruitment ID REGIME SHIFTS; DEMERSAL FISH; MARINE FISH; MECHANISMS; FISHERIES; LARVAL; ALASKA; OCEAN; GULF; MULTIMODALITY AB In 1976 the North Pacific climate shifted, resulting in an average increase of the water temperature. In the Gulf of Alaska the climate shift was followed (i.e. early 1980s) by a gradual but dramatic increase in the abundance of groundfish species that typically prey on pre-recruitment stages of walleye pollock. In the present study we used a previously parameterized model to investigate the effect of these climate and biological changes on the recruitment dynamics of walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska. Simulations covered the 1970-2000 time frame and emphasized the medium-to-long temporal scale (i.e. about 5-10 years) of environmental variability. Results showed that during periods characterized by high sea surface temperature and high predation on juvenile pollock stages, recruitment variability and magnitude were below average, and recruitment control was delayed to stages older than the 0-group. Opposite dynamics (i.e. high abundance and variability, and early recruitment control) occurred during periods characterized by low temperature and predation. These results are in general agreement with empirical observations, and allowed us to formulate causal explanations for their occurrence. We interpreted the delay of recruitment control and the reduction of variability as an effect of increased constraint on the abundance of post age-0 stages, in turn imposed by high density dependence and predation mortality. On the other hand, low density-dependence and predation favoured post age-0 survival, and allowed for an unconstrained link between larval and recruitment abundance. Our findings demonstrate that the dominant mechanisms of pollock survival change over contrasting climate regimes. Such changes may in turn cause a phase transition of recruitment dynamics with profound implications for the management of the entire stock. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NCGR, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM n.c.stenseth@bio.uio.no RI Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1573 BP 1735 EP 1743 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3136 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 962AM UT WOS:000231703400015 PM 16087430 ER PT J AU Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ Xu, HL Pickering, JC Nave, G Lundberg, H AF Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ Xu, HL Pickering, JC Nave, G Lundberg, H TI Experimental oscillator strengths for the spectrum of neutral manganese SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; techniques : spectroscopic; stars : abundances ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; FERRUM PROJECT; MN-I; ULTRAVIOLET; LIFETIMES; VALUES; LINES AB We report laboratory measurements of oscillator strengths for 44 transitions in the Mn T spectrum covering the wavelength range 209-2780 nm. Nine energy level lifetimes have been measured using time resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The lifetimes have been combined with branching fractions measured by Fourier transform spectroscopy to obtain absolute oscillator strengths. In total, 24 of these oscillator strengths are measured for the first time, including transitions in the previously unobserved infrared region above 2.0 mu m. C1 Imperial Coll Sch Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ (reprint author), Imperial Coll Sch Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM r.blackwell@imperial.ac.uk RI Xu, Huailiang/A-6011-2008 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2005 VL 361 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09264.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958PF UT WOS:000231459500018 ER PT J AU Volkovitsky, P Gilliam, DM AF Volkovitsky, P Gilliam, DM TI Possible PET isotope production using linear deuteron accelerators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE PET isotopes; deuteron-induced reactions; linear accelerators AB PET isotopes like C-11 and F-18 maybe produced in deuteron-induced reactions using linear deuteron accelerators for energies 2-2.5 MeV. It is shown that the yield of PET isotopes in reactions B-10(d,n) C-11 and Ne-20(d,a) F-18 may be higher than the yield of the same isotopes in proton-induced reactions at higher energies, where protons are accelerated by a cyclotron. The lower cost and smaller size of linear accelerators make deuteron-induced reactions very promising for industrial PET production. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Volkovitsky, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.volkovitsky@nist.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2005 VL 548 IS 3 BP 571 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.061 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 957ZF UT WOS:000231411400026 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Lee, EJ Mulholland, GW AF Manzello, SL Lee, EJ Mulholland, GW TI Use of laser-induced ionization to detect soot inception in premixed flames SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS; ETHYLENE FLAMES; PARTICLES; SIZE AB Experimental measurements of laser-induced ionization were performed for ethene-air premixed flames operated near the soot inception point. Soot was ionized with a pulsed laser operated at 532 run. The ionization signal was collected with a tungsten electrode located in the postflame region. Ionization signals were collected by use of both single-electrode and dual-electrode configurations. Earlier laserinduced-ionization studies focused on the use of a single biased electrode to generate the electric field, with the burner head serving as the path to ground. In many practical combustion systems, a path to ground is not readily available. To apply the laser-induced-ionization diagnostic to these geometries, a dual-electrode geometry must be employed. The influence of electrode configuration, flame equivalence ratio, and flame height on ionization signal detection was determined. The efficacy of the laser-induced-ionization diagnostic in detecting soot inception in the postflame region of a premixed flame by use of a dual-electrode configuration was investigated. Of the dual-electrode configurations tested, the dual-electrode geometry oriented parallel to the laser beam was observed to be most sensitive for detecting the soot inception point in a premixed flame. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kores Inst Construct & Technol, Res Dept, Fire & Engn Serv, Ilsan City, South Korea. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 24 BP 5105 EP 5111 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005105 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 956ID UT WOS:000231292500014 PM 16121796 ER PT J AU Larkin, NK Harrison, DE AF Larkin, NK Harrison, DE TI Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Nino autumn and winter SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; US TEMPERATURE; WARM AB One of the consequences of the new NOAA definition of El Nino is the identification of a number of boreal autumns and winters as El Nino seasons that are not conventionally so identified. In these periods SST anomalies are concentrated significantly more toward the International Dateline than usual. We show here that the seasonal weather anomalies typically associated with these additional "Dateline El Nino'' seasons are different in useful respects over much of the world, and suggest that it is useful to treat these as different types of "El Nino'' for purposes of seasonal weather forecasting. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larkin, NK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 400 N 34th St,201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM larkin@fs.fed.us RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 17 TC 286 Z9 286 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16705 DI 10.1029/2005GL022860 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WQ UT WOS:000231404400002 ER PT J AU Wang, DX Wang, CZ Yang, XY Lu, J AF Wang, DX Wang, CZ Yang, XY Lu, J TI Winter Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variability associated with the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANNULAR MODES; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; NAO; TELECONNECTIONS; SIGNATURE; PATTERNS; TRENDS; TRUE AB The interannual variability of winter surface air temperature ( SAT) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is studied. The AO and the NAO show different impacts on winter NH SAT variations. The AO affects the SAT over the Euro-Asian and African continents, whereas the NAO is more regional with the major effect on the SAT in the western North Africa. This discrepancy can be reflected in other atmospheric variables such as sea level pressure and geopotential height fields as well. The analyses in this paper also suggest that the AO-related signal can penetrate deeply into the stratosphere while the NAO one is largely a tropospheric phenomenon. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Climate Dynam & Predict Grp, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam LED, 164 W Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. EM dxwang@scsio.ac.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; NR 26 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16706 DI 10.1029/2005GL022952 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WQ UT WOS:000231404400003 ER PT J AU Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Oates, CW Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Oates, CW Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L TI Observation and absolute frequency measurements of the S-1(0)-P-3(0) optical clock transition in neutral ytterbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND OSCILLATOR; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; LASER; POWER AB We report the direct excitation of the highly forbidden (6s(2))S-1(0)<->(6s6p)P-3(0) optical transition in two odd isotopes of neutral ytterbium. As the excitation laser frequency is scanned, absorption is detected by monitoring the depletion from an atomic cloud at similar to 70 mu K in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency in Yb-171 (F=1/2) is 518 295 836 591.6 +/- 4.4 kHz. The measured frequency in Yb-173 (F=5/2) is 518 294 576 847.6 +/- 4.4 kHz. Measurements are made with a femtosecond-laser frequency comb calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology cesium fountain clock and represent nearly a 10(6)-fold reduction in uncertainty. The natural linewidth of these J=0 to J=0 transitions is calculated to be similar to 10 mHz, making them well suited to support a new generation of optical atomic clocks based on confinement in an optical lattice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hoycha@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 26 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 AR 083003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.083003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 956OY UT WOS:000231310900020 PM 16196856 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Harris, AB Jonas, S Broholm, C Schefer, J Kim, SB Zhang, CL Cheong, SW Vajk, OP Lynn, JW AF Kenzelmann, M Harris, AB Jonas, S Broholm, C Schefer, J Kim, SB Zhang, CL Cheong, SW Vajk, OP Lynn, JW TI Magnetic inversion symmetry breaking and ferroelectricity in TbMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB TbMnO3 is an orthorhombic insulator where incommensurate spin order for temperature T-N< 41 K is accompanied by ferroelectric order for T < 28 K. To understand this, we establish the magnetic structure above and below the ferroelectric transition using neutron diffraction. In the paraelectric phase, the spin structure is incommensurate and longitudinally modulated. In the ferroelectric phase, however, there is a transverse incommensurate spiral. We show that the spiral breaks spatial inversion symmetry and can account for magnetoelectricity in TbMnO3. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctrt Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 14 TC 547 Z9 552 U1 20 U2 126 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 AR 087206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.087206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 956OY UT WOS:000231310900063 PM 16196899 ER PT J AU Lawes, G Harris, AB Kimura, T Rogado, N Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Yildirim, T Kenzelmann, M Broholm, C Ramirez, AP AF Lawes, G Harris, AB Kimura, T Rogado, N Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Yildirim, T Kenzelmann, M Broholm, C Ramirez, AP TI Magnetically driven ferroelectric order in Ni3V2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO3V2O8 AB We show that long-range ferroelectric and incommensurate magnetic order appear simultaneously in a single phase transition in Ni3V2O8. The temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the spontaneous polarization show a strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orders. We determine the magnetic symmetry using Landau theory for continuous phase transitions, which shows that the spin structure alone can break spatial inversion symmetry leading to ferroelectric order. This phenomenological theory explains our experimental observation that the spontaneous polarization is restricted to lie along the crystal b axis and predicts that the magnitude should be proportional to a magnetic order parameter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 16 TC 434 Z9 439 U1 10 U2 65 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 AR 087205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.087205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 956OY UT WOS:000231310900062 PM 16196898 ER PT J AU Levitus, S Antonov, JI Boyer, TP Garcia, HE Locarnini, RA AF Levitus, S Antonov, JI Boyer, TP Garcia, HE Locarnini, RA TI Linear trends of zonally averaged thermosteric, halosteric, and total steric sea level for individual ocean basins and the world ocean, (1955-1959)-(1994-1998) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; ANOMALIES AB We present estimates of the linear trends of zonally averaged fields of thermosteric, halosteric, and steric sea level by pentads ( 1955 - 1959) -( 1994 - 1998) for individual ocean basins and the world ocean. The Atlantic is characterized by density compensating linear trends in the thermosteric and halosteric components of steric sea level change. Northward of approximately 45 degrees N the halosteric trend acts to increase steric sea level and the thermosteric trend acts to decrease sea level. Southward of 45 degrees N these two terms are reversed in sign. Similar to the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean is characterized by density compensating trends at most latitudes, a major exception being 28 degrees S - 38 degrees S. The Pacific is different from the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The two components act in concert to change sea level in the same way with the exception of the 34 degrees N - 45 degrees N and 22 degrees S - 38 degrees S regions. C1 NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP NOAA, World Data Ctr Oceanog, NODC, EOC5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sydney.levitus@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 620 Z9 642 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16601 DI 10.1029/2005GL023761 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WO UT WOS:000231404200009 ER PT J AU Xie, L Yan, TZ Pietrafesa, LJ Karl, T Xu, XD AF Xie, L Yan, TZ Pietrafesa, LJ Karl, T Xu, XD TI Relationship between western North Pacific typhoon activity and Tibetan Plateau winter and spring snow cover SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EL-NINO; STORM FORMATION; ENSO; RAINFALL; EVENTS AB The annual frequency of western North Pacific (WNP) typhoons and the number of landfall typhoons in China are shown to negatively correlate with the Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TP-SC) during the preceding winter and spring. When TP-SC was above normal, fewer typhoons formed in the WNP and made landfall in China, and vice versa. The observed seasonal lag correlation between the TP-SC and the WNP typhoon activity suggests the existence of a seasonal memory of the East Asia - West Pacific regional climate system which provides a means for the seasonal prediction of WNP typhoon activity and typhoon landfall frequency in China. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Date Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China. RP Xie, L (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lian_xie@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16703 DI 10.1029/2005GL023237 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WO UT WOS:000231404200003 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Delworth, TL AF Findell, KL Delworth, TL TI A modeling study of dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms for summer drying in response to global warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRYNESS; INCREASE; SENSITIVITY; DROUGHT AB Past studies have suggested that increasing atmospheric CO2 will lead to a significant reduction of soil moisture during summer in the extratropics. These studies showed an increase in wintertime rainfall over most mid-latitude continental regions when CO2 is doubled, an earlier snowmelt season and onset of springtime evaporation, and a higher ratio of evaporation to precipitation in summer. These factors led to large-scale increases in soil moisture in winter and decreases in summer. We find that the above processes are important in simulated summer drying in a newly developed climate model. In addition to these thermodynamic processes, we find that changes in atmospheric circulation play an important role in regional hydroclimatic changes. Additional experiments show that the atmospheric circulation changes are forced by the CO2-induced warming of the ocean, particularly the tropical ocean. These results highlight the importance of sea surface temperature changes for regional hydroclimatic changes. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16702 DI 10.1029/2005GL023414 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WN UT WOS:000231404100003 ER PT J AU Kiselev, SB Ely, JF Abdulagatov, IM Huber, ML AF Kiselev, SB Ely, JF Abdulagatov, IM Huber, ML TI Generalized SAFT-DFT/DMT model for the thermodynamic, interfacial, and transport properties of associating fluids: Application for n-alkanols SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; EXTENDED CRITICAL REGION; HOT-WIRE METHOD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PURE FLUIDS; BINARY-MIXTURES; 70 MPA; 600 K; CROSSOVER-BEHAVIOR; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS AB We have developed a "global" crossover (GC) statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) equation of state (EOS) for associating fluids that incorporates nonanalytic scaling laws in the critical region and in the limit of low densities, rho -> 0, is transformed into the ideal-gas equation EOS. Unlike the crossover SAFT EOS developed earlier, the new GC SAFT EOS contains a so-called kernel term and reproduces the asymptotic scaling behavior of the isochoric heat capacity in the one- and two-phase regions. In addition, we develop on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) a GC SAFT-DFT model for the surface tension. In the second step, using the GC SAFT EOS and the decoupled-mode theory (DMT), we have developed a generalized GC SAFT-DMT model for transport coefficients that reproduces the singular behavior of the thermal conductivity of pure fluids in the critical region. Unlike the DMT model based on the asymptotic crossover EOS, the GC SAFT-DMT model is valid in the entire fluid state region at T >= T-b (where T-b is the binodal temperature), and at rho -> 0 reproduces the dilute gas contributions for the transport coefficients. A comparison was made with experimental data for methanol, ethanol, and higher n-alkanols. For n-alkanols, the GC SAFT-DFT/DMT model contains the same number of the adjustable parameters as the original classical SAFT EOS but reproduces with high accuracy the PVT, VLE, isochoric, and isobaric specific heats, surface tension, and thermal conductivity data close to and far from the critical point. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kiselev, SB (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM skiselev@mines.edu NR 94 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6916 EP 6927 DI 10.1021/ie050010e PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 954WO UT WOS:000231186200045 ER PT J AU Martinez, CJ Hockey, B Montgomery, CB Semancik, S AF Martinez, CJ Hockey, B Montgomery, CB Semancik, S TI Porous tin oxide nanostructured microspheres for sensor applications SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSORS; HOLLOW SPHERES; NANOPARTICLE; ARRAYS; SILICA; LAYER; FILM; SNO2 AB We have sought to enhance the sensitivity of conductometric gas microsensors through the design and fabrication of porous, three-dimensional tin oxide nanoparticle structures. Electrostatically controlled layer-by-layer processing in aqueous solutions was used to decorate sacrificial latex microspheres with Sb:SnO2 nanoparticles. To evaluate their sensing performance, these structures were then deposited as films, via micropipetting, on MEMS micro-hot-plate platforms with interdigitated electrodes. Prior to gas testing, rapid heating of the micro-hot-plates was used to remove the sacrificial latex templates, thereby revealing a 3-D structure composed of interconnected spherical tin oxide nanoparticle shells with porous ultrathin walls. Changes in film conductance, caused by exposure to test gases (methanol, carbon monoxide, benzene, water) in a dry air background, were measured at different temperatures. Hollow nanoparticle microsphere films exhibited partial selectivity for these different gases, good dynamic range at different temperatures and gas concentrations, and good repeatability and stability over long runs. These films also yielded approximately 3-fold and 5-fold increases in sensitivity to methanol when compared to SnO2 polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition films and Sb:SnO2 microporous nanoparticle films, respectively. Gains in sensitivity are attributed to the multiscale porous architecture of the hollow microsphere films. This architecture promotes gas diffusion and increases the active surface area. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martinez, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 7 U2 130 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 17 BP 7937 EP 7944 DI 10.1021/la050118z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 957QU UT WOS:000231389200044 PM 16089402 ER PT J AU Li, JH Levin, I Slutsker, J Provenzano, V Schenck, PK Ramesh, R Ouyang, J Roytburd, AL AF Li, JH Levin, I Slutsker, J Provenzano, V Schenck, PK Ramesh, R Ouyang, J Roytburd, AL TI Self-assembled multiferroic nanostructures in the CoFe2O4-PbTiO3 system SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; INCLUSION AB The effect of substrate orientation on the morphologies of epitaxial self-assembled nanostructures was demonstrated using multiferroic 0.67PbTiO(3)-0.33CoFe(2)O(4) thin films. The two-phase composite films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates having (001) and (110) orientations. The nanostructures of both orientations consisted of vertical rod- or platelet-like columns of CoFe2O4 dispersed in a PbTiO3 matrix. For the (001) orientation the platelet habits were parallel to the {110} planes, whereas for the (110) orientation the platelets were parallel to the {111} planes. The differences were explained using a thermodynamic theory of heterophase structures. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 14 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 7 AR 072909 DI 10.1063/1.2031939 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 955RU UT WOS:000231246000049 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Goldberg, BB Ippolito, SB Vamivakas, AN Unlu, MS Mirin, R AF Liu, ZH Goldberg, BB Ippolito, SB Vamivakas, AN Unlu, MS Mirin, R TI High resolution, high collection efficiency in numerical aperture increasing lens microscopy of individual quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID IMMERSION LENS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We demonstrate the application of a subsurface solid immersion technique to the photoluminescence spectroscopy of individual quantum dots. Contrasted with the conventional solid immersion microscopy, we used a numerical aperture increasing lens and moved the interface between the sample and the solid immersion lens away from the focal plane, thus diminished the influence of interface artifacts on the images obtained in a two-dimensional scan. Meanwhile, our technique has achieved a high spatial resolution of lambda/3 that is capable of resolving the spectroscopic features of single QDs. We also demonstrate that the collection efficiency of our system is six times better than that of a conventional confocal microscope with a high NA objective. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Vamivakas, Nick/E-7854-2010; Unlu, Selim/B-4244-2013 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 7 AR 071905 DI 10.1063/1.2012532 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 955RU UT WOS:000231246000018 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Gerrits, T Kos, AB Silva, TJ AF Schneider, ML Gerrits, T Kos, AB Silva, TJ TI Gyromagnetic damping and the role of spin-wave generation in pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM PERMALLOY; FREQUENCY AB The dependence of the magnetodynamic response of thin permalloy films was measured with a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer as a function of varying width of the coplanar waveguide center conductor (220 to 990 mu m), frequency (0.6 to 2 GHz) and film thickness (25 to 93 nm) to ascertain the role of magnetostatic spin-wave generation in the low-frequency enhancement of the measured decay rate. A component of the decay rate depends on delta(w), the ratio of film thickness to center conductor width as theoretically predicted. However, there is an anomalous contribution to the frequency dependence of the decay rate exists that cannot be attributed to the generation of spin-waves. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 7 AR 072509 DI 10.1063/1.2031944 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 955RU UT WOS:000231246000040 ER PT J AU Laursen, A Seitzinger, S AF Laursen, A Seitzinger, S TI Limitations to measuring riverine denitrification at the whole reach scale: effects of channel geometry, wind velocity, sampling interval, and temperature inputs of N-2-enriched groundwater SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE denitrification; groundwater; limits of detection; N-2-accumulation ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; STREAM SEDIMENT; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; NITRATE DEPLETION; RABIS-BAEK; WATER; NITRIFICATION; MICROSENSOR; MINERALIZATION AB A model-based approach was recently introduced for measuring riverine denitrification based on measured changes in dissolved N-2 concentration during riverine transport (Laursen & Seitzinger, 2002a). Inputs to the model, including water temperature, channel depth, wind velocity, and time-of-travel between sampling locations, vary greatly among natural systems. Simulations were run by varying the values of these inputs and determining rates of N-2 accumulation in river water and the detection limits for measuring denitrification using this method. Dinitrogen was found to accumulate most rapidly in streams that were shallow, particularly under conditions of low wind velocity. Dissolved N-2 concentrations, modeled in rivers with a diurnal temperature variation of 5 degrees C and under conditions of no denitrification or 1 mmol N m(-2) h(-1), showed that sensitivity of the method can vary as temperatures change. Under low wind conditions and in rivers < 1m, in depth, this method is capable of detecting denitrification rates as low as 30-100 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1). This limit of detection should be adequate to measure in situ rates in many North American streams, particularly in agricultural watersheds. In deeper rivers N-2 accumulated more slowly and the method became less sensitive. The results of this study should guide decisions regarding the application of this method based on the specific characteristics of a study reach (channel geometry) and the physical conditions (i.e. wind velocity and water temperature) under which measurements are to be made. The input of N-2-enriched groundwater along a study reach can result in N-2 accumulation that could be misinterpreted as denitrification. Some knowledge of the inputs of groundwater along a reach should also guide decisions regarding the application of this method. C1 Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, NOAA, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Laursen, A (reprint author), Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, 350 Victoria Ave, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. EM alaursen@ryerson.ca NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 545 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-2743-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NZ UT WOS:000231958700018 ER PT J AU Clement, AC Soden, B AF Clement, AC Soden, B TI The sensitivity of the tropical-mean radiation budget SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; POSITIVE CLOUD FEEDBACK; CLIMATE MODEL; IRIS HYPOTHESIS; INFRARED IRIS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY AB A key disagreement exists between global climate model (GCM) simulations and satellite observations of the decadal variability in the tropical-mean radiation budget. Measurements from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) over the period 1984-2001 indicate a trend of increasing longwave emission and decreasing shortwave reflection that no GCM can currently reproduce. Motivated by these results, a series of model sensitivity experiments is performed to investigate hypotheses that have been advanced to explain this discrepancy. Specifically, the extent to which a strengthening of the Hadley circulation or a change in convective precipitation efficiency can alter the tropical-mean radiation budget is assessed. Results from both model sensitivity experiments and an empirical analysis of ERBE observations suggest that the tropical-mean radiation budget is remarkably insensitive to changes in the tropical circulation. The empirical estimate suggests that it would require at least a doubling in strength of the Hadley circulation in order to generate the observed decadal radiative flux changes. In contrast, rather small changes in a model's convective precipitation efficiency can generate changes comparable to those observed, provided that the precipitation efficiency lies near the upper end of its possible range. If, however, the precipitation efficiency of tropical convective systems is more moderate, the model experiments suggest that the climate would be rather insensitive to changes in its value. Further observations are necessary to constrain the potential effects of microphysics on the top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Clement, AC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM aclement@rsmas.Miami.edu NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3189 EP 3203 DI 10.1175/JCLI3456.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 966VT UT WOS:000232051600007 ER PT J AU Rong, WR Fan, ZY Yu, Y Bu, HS Wang, M AF Rong, WR Fan, ZY Yu, Y Bu, HS Wang, M TI Influence of entanglements on glass transition of atactic polystyrene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atactic polystyrene; entanglement; freeze-dried; glass transition; single-chain particles ID MOLECULE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION BEHAVIORS; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE; INTERMOLECULAR ENTANGLEMENTS; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; PARTICLES AB Freeze-dried samples were prepared from dilute solutions of atactic polystyrene (a-Ps) in benzene in a concentration range of 1 x 10(-1) to 2 x 10(-5) g/mL, and their glass transition temperatures (T-g) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that below a critical concentration (C-g(*)), the Tg of samples decreases linearly with decreasing logarithmic concentration of solutions. The freeze-dried samples were annealed at a constant temperature for various times or at various temperatures for the same period of time. The Tg of samples prepared from solutions of concentration below C-g(*) was observed to shift to higher temperature with increasing annealing temperature or annealing time, finally approaching that of the bulk sample. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the freeze-dried samples were determined and were compared with the bulk sample. Significant changes in line width and absorption intensity were observed in the spectra of the freeze-dried samples, indicating that the packing of segments is in a more dilatant state. During annealing, the packing of segments in the samples gradually approaches that of the bulk sample, diminishing the differences in FTIR spectra between the freeze-dried sample and the bulk sample. The experimental observations are discussed, and it is assumed that intrachain and interchain entanglements may play an important role in glass transition. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bu, HS (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM hsbo@srcap.stc.sh.cn NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 16 BP 2243 EP 2251 DI 10.1002/polb.20513 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 950RV UT WOS:000230876000013 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Embley, RW Johnson, PD Merle, SG Ristau, S Bobbitt, A AF Chadwick, WW Embley, RW Johnson, PD Merle, SG Ristau, S Bobbitt, A TI The submarine flanks of Anatahan volcano, commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Anatahan volcano; Mariana arc; seafloor mapping; submarine volcano morphology; multibeam and sidescan sonar surveys ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; LAVA FLOWS; ERUPTION; GALAPAGOS; SEGMENT AB The submarine flanks of Anatahan volcano were surveyed comprehensively for the first time in 2003 and 2004 with multibeam and sidescan sonar systems. A geologic map based on the new bathymetry and backscatter data shows that 67% of the volcano's submarine flanks are covered with volcaniclastic debris and 26% is lava flows, cones, and bedrock outcrops. The island of Anatahan is only 1% of the volume of the entire volcano, which has a height from its submarine base of 3700 in and an average diameter of similar to 35 km. NE Anatahan is a prominent satellite volcano located 10 km NE of the island, but it is only 6% of Anatahan's volume (40 km(3) vs. 620 km(3)). Seventy-eight submarine eruptive vents are mapped associated with lava flows and cones between depths of 350 and 2950 in, and 80% of these vents are located in a cluster on the east flank of the volcano. The distribution of cones and lava flows vs. depth suggests a possible change in eruptive style from explosive to effusive between 1500 and 2000 in. Eruptive vents below 2000 in have produced mostly lava flows. There is no evidence of major landslides on the submarine flanks of Anatahan volcano, in contrast to many basaltic islands and seamounts, suggesting that mass wasting at felsic oceanic arc volcanoes may be characterized by sediment flows of unconsolidated volcaniclastic debris instead of mass movements of relatively large intact blocks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, HMRG, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 8 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.032 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500002 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Park, M Matsumoto, H Byun, SK AF Dziak, RP Park, M Matsumoto, H Byun, SK TI Hydroacoustic records and a numerical model of the source mechanism from the first historical eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE hydrophone; earthquakes; tremor; seismo-acoustic propagation ID FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; DE-FUCA RIDGE; T-WAVES; EARTHQUAKES; TREMOR; SEISMICITY; EXCITATION; SCATTERING; PHASES; EVENT AB Anatahan Volcano in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) erupted for the first time in recorded history on 10 May 2003. The underwater acoustic records (T-waves) of earthquakes, explosions, and tremor produced during the eruption were recorded on a sound channel hydrophone deployed in February 2003. Acoustic propagation models show that the seismic to acoustic conversion at Anatahan is particularly efficient, aided by the upward slope of the seamount toward the hydrophone. The hydrophone records confirm the onset of earthquake activity between 0100 and 0200Z on 10 May, with a substantial increase in seismicity beginning at similar to 0620Z. In addition, the onset of continuous, low-frequency (3-40 Hz) acoustic energy that is likely volcanic tremor related to magma intrusion was also observed at 0620Z. The hydrophone recorded 1401 earthquakes during the first 3 days of the eruption. A histogram of seismicity indicates two main periods of explosion/eruption activity, the first beginning at similar to 0620Z on 10 May and the second at similar to 0000Z on I I May. Relative earthquake depth estimates indicate that both eruption periods were accompanied by earthquake activity from deep within the Anatahan volcanic edifice. A numerical representation of the Anatahan volcano-seismic source was developed to examine the character of acoustic signals generated from the eruption governed by the geometry of the source and the physical properties of the magma. A magma pipe source mechanism is used to compute the seismo-acoustic wavefield on the flank of the Anatahan volcanic edifice (on the seafloor and in the water column) due to mode conversion by roughness scattering. A fluid-filled pipe model was chosen because it allows for a more straightforward relation between volcano geometry and spectral features of harmonic tremor as well as its morphologic similarity to a submerged volcanic edifice. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan, South Korea. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 86 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.009 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500006 ER PT J AU Guffanti, M Ewert, JW Gallina, GM Bluth, GJS Swanson, GL AF Guffanti, M Ewert, JW Gallina, GM Bluth, GJS Swanson, GL TI Volcanic-ash hazard to aviation during the 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE volcanic hazards; volcanic-ash clouds; aviation safety; remote-sensing surveillance; SO2 ID EMISSIONS AB Within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Anatahan is one of nine active subaerial volcanoes that pose hazards to major air-traffic routes from airborne volcanic ash. The 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano affected the region's aviation operations for 3 days in May 2003. On the first day of the eruption (10 May 2003), two international flights from Saipan to Japan were cancelled, and several flights implemented ash-avoidance procedures. On 13 May 2003, a high-altitude flight through volcanic gas was reported, with no perceptible damage to the aircraft. TOMS and MODIS analysis of satellite data strongly suggests that no significant ash and only minor amounts Of SO2 were involved in the incident, consistent with crew observations. On 23 May 2003, airport operations were disrupted when tropical-cyclone winds dispersed ash to the south, dusting Saipan with light ashfall and causing flight cancellations there and at Guam 320 kin south of the volcano. Operational (near-real-time) monitoring of ash clouds produced by Anatahan has been conducted since the first day of the eruption on 10 May 2003 by the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). The VAAC was among the first groups outside of the immediate area of the volcano to detect and report on the unexpected eruption of Anatahan. After being contacted about an unusual cloud by National Weather Service forecasters in Guam at 1235 UTC on 10 May 2003, the VAAC analyzed GOES 9 images, confirming Anatahan as the likely source of an ash cloud and estimating that the eruption began at about 0730 UTC. The VAAC issued its first Volcanic Ash Advisory for Anatahan at 1300 UTC on 10 May 2003 more than 5 h after the start of the eruption, the delay reflecting the difficulty of detecting and confirming a surprise eruption at a remote volcano with no in situ real-time geophysical monitoring. The initial eruption plume reached 10.7-13.4 kin (35,000-44,000 ft), well into jet cruise altitudes; thereafter, the maximum plume height decreased and during the rest of the eruption usually did not exceed similar to 5 kin (similar to 17,000 ft), which lessened the potential hazard to aircraft at higher cruise altitudes. Drifting ash clouds commonly extended hundreds of kilometers from the volcano, occasionally as far west as the Philippines. Over the course of the eruptive activity in 2003-2004, the VAAC issued 323 advisories (168 with graphical depictions of ash clouds) for Anatahan, serving as a reliable source of ash-cloud information for aviation-related meteorological offices and air carriers. With a record of frequent eruptions in the CNMI, continued satellite and in situ real-time geophysical monitoring is needed at Anatahan and other Marianas volcanoes so that potential hazards to aviation from any future eruptive activity can be quickly and correctly assessed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NOAA, Satellite Anal Branch, Washington, DC 20233 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov; jwewert@usgs.gov; greg.gallina@noaa.gov; gbluth@mtu.edu; grace.swanson@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500014 ER PT J AU Maus, S Macmillan, S Chernova, T Choi, S Dater, D Golovkov, V Lesur, V Lowes, F Luhr, H Mai, W McLean, S Olsen, N Rother, M Sabaka, T Thomson, A Zvereva, T AF Maus, S Macmillan, S Chernova, T Choi, S Dater, D Golovkov, V Lesur, V Lowes, F Luhr, H Mai, W McLean, S Olsen, N Rother, M Sabaka, T Thomson, A Zvereva, T TI The 10th generation international geomagnetic reference field SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic field model; geomagnetic reference fields; IGRF; secular variation AB The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) on 12 December 2004 released the 10th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF)-the latest version of a standard mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field and used widely in studies of the Earth's deep interior, its crust, ionosphere and magnetosphere. The coefficients were finalised by a task force of IAGA. The IGRF is the product of a large collaborative effort between magnetic field modellers and the institutes involved in collecting and disseminating magnetic field data from satellites and observatories around the world. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; Lesur, Vincent/H-1031-2012; OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Lesur, Vincent/0000-0003-2568-320X; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 3 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 320 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2005.03.006 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953LP UT WOS:000231078100010 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Taylor, C Carder, KL Kelble, C Johns, E Heil, CA AF Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Taylor, C Carder, KL Kelble, C Johns, E Heil, CA TI Red tide detection and tracing using MODIS fluorescence data: A regional example in SW Florida coastal waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Harmful Algal Bloom; red tide; Karenia brevis; ocean color; remote sensing; MODIS; SeaWiFS; chlorophyll; CDOM; fluorescence line height; water-leaving radiance ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; SEAWIFS; PHYTOPLANKTON; ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; DINOFLAGELLATE; IMAGERY AB Near real-time data from the MODIS satellite sensor was used to detect and trace a harmful algal bloom (HAB), or red tide, in SW Florida coastal waters from October to December 2004. MODIS fluorescence line height (FLH in W m(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1)) data showed the highest correlation with near-concurrent in situ chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl in mg m(-3)). For Chl ranging between 0.4 to 4 mg m(-3) the ratio between MODIS FLH and in situ Chl is about 0.1 W m(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1) per mg m(-3) chlorophyll (Chl = 1.255 (FLH x 10)(0.86), r = 0.92, n = 77). In contrast, the band-ratio chlorophyll product of either MODIS or SeaWiFS in this complex coastal environment provided false information. Errors in the satellite Chl data can be both negative and positive (3 - 15 times higher than in situ Chl) and these data are often inconsistent either spatially or temporally, due to interferences of other water constituents. The red tide that formed from November to December 2004 off SW Florida was revealed by MODIS FLH imagery, and was confirmed by field sampling to contain medium (10(4) to 10(5) cells L-1) to high (> 10(5) cells L-1) concentrations of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. The FLH imagery also showed that the bloom started in mid-October south of Charlotte Harbor, and that it developed and moved to the south and southwest in the subsequent weeks. Despite some artifacts in the data and uncertainty caused by factors such as unknown fluorescence efficiency, our results show that the MODIS FLH data provide an unprecedented tool for research and managers to study and monitor algal blooms in coastal environments. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 43 TC 149 Z9 173 U1 8 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 959CV UT WOS:000231495400004 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Warr, GG Hamilton, WA Butler, PD AF Porcar, L Warr, GG Hamilton, WA Butler, PD TI Shear-induced collapse in a lyotropic lamellar phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; UNDULATION INSTABILITY; FLOW; FLUCTUATIONS; MEMBRANES; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS AB An entropically stabilized cetylpyridinium chloride, hexanol, and heavy brine lyotropic lamellar phase subjected to shear flow has been observed here by small angle neutron scattering to undergo collapse of smectic order above a threshold shear rate. The results are compared with theories predicting that such a lamellar phase sheared above a critical rate should lose its stability by a loss of resistance to compression due to the suppression of membrane fluctuations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 AR 078302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.078302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 955SG UT WOS:000231247300068 ER PT J AU Ebihara, Y Fok, MC Sazykin, S Thomsen, MF Hairston, MR Evans, DS Rich, FJ Ejiri, M AF Ebihara, Y Fok, MC Sazykin, S Thomsen, MF Hairston, MR Evans, DS Rich, FJ Ejiri, M TI Ring current and the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling during the superstorm of 20 November 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MAGNETIC STORM; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; CURRENT DYNAMICS; MILLSTONE HILL; PLASMA SHEET; SOLAR-CYCLE AB [1] We investigated the impact on the terrestrial ring current of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and the associated magnetic cloud that severely disturbed the Earth's magnetosphere on 20 November 2003. This CME decreased the Dst index to - 472 nT, which makes it the second largest storm, based on the minimum Dst index values, observed between 1957 and 2004. Data from the DMSP, NOAA, and LANL satellites showed the unique characteristics of this storm; a polar cap potential that increased to at least 200 kV, a polar cap boundary that moved as low as about 60 degrees MLAT, a plasma sheet density that increased to 5 cm(-3) at L = 6.6 when the Dst index was near its minimum, and the inner edge of the plasma sheet ion population that penetrated into a region for which L <= 1.5. In order to study the dynamics of the ring current and the associated magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, we performed a ring current simulation that computed the evolution of the phase space density of the ring current ions and the closure of the electric current between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Major results were as follows: ( 1) The ring current, in terms of the Dst index and the inner edge of the plasma sheet, can result from the enhancement of the convection electric field, given the polar cap potentials used in the model; ( 2) The solar wind particles probably penetrated quickly into the geosynchronous altitude on the nightside with a lag of about 80 min, resulting in further enhancement of the ring current; ( 3) Dense geocoronal neutral hydrogen or a large coefficient of pitch angle diffusion (> 10(-4) s(-1)) is probably needed to account for the rapid motion of the inner edge of the plasma sheet ( or the ring current) population to a higher L value; ( 4) Both the simulated and observed field-aligned current (FAC) distributions show multiple current sheets, rather than the normally expected two current sheets. Fluctuations in the polar cap potential and the plasma sheet density are believed to cause the multiple sheets of field-aligned currents; ( 5) The equatorward edge of the Region 2 type field-aligned currents was observed to expand as low as 40 degrees MLAT, which is consistent with the simulation; and ( 6) The convection pattern can be much more complicated than an average one due to a strong Region 2 FAC. A noticeable feature was the reversal of the zonal ionospheric plasma flow that emerged on the dawnside. In particular, a westward flow was observed in the equatorial region of the eastward plasma flow at dawn. Its speed had a local maximum of about 5 degrees equatorward of the flow reversal. The flow reversal is thought to have resulted from the relatively strong shielding electric field. C1 Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, 1-9-10 Kaga, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. EM ebihara@nipr.ac.jp; mei-ching.h.fok@nasa.gov; sazykin@rice.edu; mthomsen@lanl.gov; hairston@utdallas.edu; david.s.evans@noaa.gov; frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil; ejiri@nipr.ac.jp RI Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; Ebihara, Yusuke/D-1638-2013; Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Ebihara, Yusuke/0000-0002-2293-1557; Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 73 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S22 DI 10.1029/2004JA010924 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 957PT UT WOS:000231383700001 ER PT J AU Li, QP Zhang, JZ Millero, FJ Hansell, DA AF Li, QP Zhang, JZ Millero, FJ Hansell, DA TI Continuous colorimetric determination of trace ammonium in seawater with a long-path liquid waveguide capillary cell SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ammonium; seawater; automated analysis; liquid waveguide ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; ANTICYCLONIC EDDY; ABSORBENCY SPECTROSCOPY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MIXED-LAYER; NITRATE; KINETICS; NITRITE AB An automated method for routine determination of nanomolar ammonium in seawater has been developed using segmented flow analysis coupled with a 2-m-long liquid waveguide capillary cell. Conventional photometric detector and autosampler were modified for this method. The optimal concentrations of the reagents and parameters for the development of indophenol blue are discussed. The method has low detection limit (5 nM), high precision (5% at 10-100 nM) and the advantage of rapid analysis of a large number of samples. The method has been used to examine the distribution of ammonium in Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Li, QP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, MAC, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM qli@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.12.001 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 938XY UT WOS:000230037900006 ER PT J AU Anderson, JJ Gurarie, E Zabel, RW AF Anderson, JJ Gurarie, E Zabel, RW TI Mean free-path length theory of predator-prey interactions: Application to juvenile salmon migration SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE predator-prey; juvenile salmon; migration; survival; mean free-path length ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; REACTIVE DISTANCE; TRAVEL-TIME; TURBIDITY; MODEL; CONSUMPTION AB Ecological theory traditionally describes predator-prey interactions in terms of a law of mass action in which the prey mortality rate depends on the density of predators and prey. This simplifying assumption makes population-based models more tractable but ignores potentially important behaviors that characterize predator-prey dynamics. Here, we expand traditional predator-prey models by incorporating directed and random movements of both predators and prey. The model is based on theory originally developed to predict collision rates of molecules. The temporal and spatial dimensions of predators-prey encounters are determined by defining movement rules and the predator's field of vision. These biologically meaningful parameters can accommodate a broad range of behaviors within an analytically tractable framework suitable for population-based models. We apply the model to prey (juvenile salmon) migrating through a field of predators (piscivores) and find that traditional predator-prey models were not adequate to describe observations. Model parameters estimated from the survival of juvenile chinook salmon migrating through the Snake River in the northwestern United States are similar to estimates derived from independent approaches and data. For this system, we conclude that survival depends more on travel distance than travel time or migration velocity. Crown Copyright (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anderson, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Basin Res Puget Sound Plaza, 1325 4th Ave,Ste 1820, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jim@cbr.washington.edu RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015; OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 186 IS 2 BP 196 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.014 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947IJ UT WOS:000230636400004 ER PT J AU Lufaso, MW Hopkins, E Bell, SM Llobet, A AF Lufaso, MW Hopkins, E Bell, SM Llobet, A TI Crystal chemistry and microwave dielectric properties of Ba3MNb2-xSbxO9 (M = Mg, Ni, Zn) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITES; CERAMICS; OXIDES; SR; PERMITTIVITY; CATIONS; BA; NB; CA AB The effect of Sb5+ substitution on the crystal chemistry and dielectric properties of Ba3MNb2-xSbxO9 (M = Mg, Zn, Ni) was investigated using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, and dielectric property measurements at microwave frequencies. Rietveld refinements were carried out to characterize the crystal structures of Ba3ZnSb2O9 and Ba3MgSb2O9, which have a 6H-BaTiO3-type structure. Analyses of X-ray diffraction data of intermediate compositions evolve from a 2:1 ordered perovskite solid solution, to a two-phase ordered perovskite and 6H region, and also a 6H solid-solution for increasing Sb-content. Analysis of the bond distances indicates that the significant strain present in the 2:1 ordered perovskites is relieved in the 6H structure. Differences in the bonding preferences between the Nb5+ (do) and Sb5+ (d(10)), combined with small changes in the ionic radii, influence the observed crystal chemistry. The magnitude and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant were lowest for compounds in the perovskite solid solution range with intermediate Sb5+ contents. Ba3MgNb1.75Sb0.25O9 (epsilon > 25, tau(f) approximate to 6 ppm K-1, and Qf > 96 000 GHz) and Ba3ZnNb1.625Sb0.375O9 (epsilon > 33, tau(f) approximate to-3 ppm K-1, and Qf > 44 900 GHz) display useful dielectric properties, rendering these materials suitable as lower-cost and lower-processing-temperature alternatives to perovskite tantalate ceramics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. TSI Ceram Inc, Hagerstown, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lufaso, MW (reprint author), Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC USA. EM lufaso@mail.chem.sc.edu RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lufaso, Michael/A-8400-2009 OI Lufaso, Michael/0000-0001-7842-6982 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 16 BP 4250 EP 4255 DI 10.1021/cm050631y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 952YU UT WOS:000231043200033 ER PT J AU Karl, T Harren, F Warneke, C de Gouw, J Grayless, C Fall, R AF Karl, T Harren, F Warneke, C de Gouw, J Grayless, C Fall, R TI Senescing grass crops as regional sources of reactive volatile organic compounds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; PEROXYCARBOXYLIC NITRIC ANHYDRIDES; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; ION-TRAP; ONLINE ANALYSIS; FLUXES; LEAVES; ACETALDEHYDE AB [1] Grass crop species, rice and sorghum, that are widely grown in the southeastern Texas region were analyzed for release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated leaf-drying/senescence experiments. VOC release was measured by both online proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and proton transfer ion trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) methods, and it was demonstrated that these two grass crops release a large variety of oxygenated VOCs upon drying under laboratory conditions primarily from leaves and not from stems. VOC release from paddy rice varieties was much greater than from sorghum, and major VOCs identified by gas chromatography PTR-MS included methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, n-pentanal, methyl propanal, hexenol, hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, and trans-2-hexenal. The latter four VOCs, all C6 compounds known to be formed in wounded leaves, were the major volatiles released from drying rice leaves; smaller but substantial amounts of acetaldehyde were observed in all drying experiments. Online detection of VOCs using PIT-MS gave results comparable to those obtained with PTR-MS, and use of PIT-MS with collision-induced dissociation of trapped ions allowed unambiguous determination of the ratios of cis- and trans-hexenals during different phases of drying. As rice is one of the largest harvested crops on a global scale, it is conceivable that during rice senescence releases of biogenic VOCs, especially the reactive C6 wound VOCs, may contribute to an imbalance in regional atmospheric oxidant formation during peak summer/fall ozone formation periods. A county-by-county estimate of the integrated emissions of reactive biogenic VOCs from sorghum and rice production in Texas suggests that these releases are orders of magnitude lower than anthropogenic VOCs in urban areas but also that VOC emissions from rice in southeastern coastal Texas may need to be included in regional air quality assessments during periods of extensive harvesting. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Karl, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fall@cires.colorado.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Harren, Frans/A-1729-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15302 DI 10.1029/2005JD005777 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957OY UT WOS:000231381200001 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, ME Thompson, WE TI Infrared spectra of NH2NO, NH2NO+, and NNOH+ and of the N-2 center dot center dot center dot H2O complex trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MOLECULAR-IONS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; GAS-PHASE; PROTONATED N2O; TRANSITION-STATES; MATRIX-ISOLATION; RATE CONSTANTS; NITROUS-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB When a Ne:H-2:N2O mixture is codeposited at 4.3 K with a beam of neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, NH2NO+ is stabilized in sufficient concentration for detection of five of its vibrational fundamentals. Their assignments are supported by isotopic substitution studies and by the results of unrestricted B3LYP/cc-pVTZ calculations. Electron recombination results in the stabilization of NH2NO, for which the previously reported argon-matrix assignments are confirmed and extended. The OH-stretching fundamental of NNOH+ also is present in the spectrum of the initial sample deposit, but because of proton sharing with the neon matrix is shifted 43.3 cm(-1) from the gas-phase band center. The OD-stretching fundamental of NNOD+ is identified for the first time in the present study. An absorption at 2311.1 cm(-1) is contributed by the NN-stretching vibration of a complex of N-2, probably with an ionic species. On prolonged visible and near-ultraviolet irradiation of the deposit, absorptions of the binary N(2)center dot H2O complex become increasingly prominent. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 6 AR 064501 DI 10.1063/1.1993591 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 956OU UT WOS:000231310500036 PM 16122320 ER PT J AU Langer, C Ozeri, R Jost, JD Chiaverini, J DeMarco, B Ben-Kish, A Blakestad, RB Britton, J Hume, DB Itano, WM Leibfried, D Reichle, R Rosenband, T Schaetz, T Schmidt, PO Wineland, DJ AF Langer, C Ozeri, R Jost, JD Chiaverini, J DeMarco, B Ben-Kish, A Blakestad, RB Britton, J Hume, DB Itano, WM Leibfried, D Reichle, R Rosenband, T Schaetz, T Schmidt, PO Wineland, DJ TI Long-lived qubit memory using atomic ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; TRAPPED IONS; FREQUENCY STANDARD; SPECTROSCOPY; ENTANGLEMENT AB We demonstrate experimentally a robust quantum memory using a magnetic-field-independent hyperfine transition in Be-9(+) atomic ion qubits at a magnetic field B similar or equal to 0.01194 T. We observe that the single physical qubit memory coherence time is greater than 10 s, an improvement of approximately 5 orders of magnitude from previous experiments with Be-9(+). We also observe long coherence times of decoherence-free subspace logical qubits comprising two entangled physical qubits and discuss the merits of each type of qubit. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Langer, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clanger@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; DeMarco, Brian/0000-0002-2791-0413 NR 30 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 AR 060502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.060502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952PJ UT WOS:000231017700007 PM 16090932 ER PT J AU Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE Katine, JA AF Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE Katine, JA TI Injection locking and phase control of spin transfer nano-oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; POLARIZED CURRENT; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; DRIVEN; EXCITATION; WAVES; GENERATION AB We have directly measured phase locking of spin transfer oscillators to an injected ac current. The oscillators lock to signals up to several hundred megahertz away from their natural oscillation frequencies, depending on the relative strength of the input. As the dc current varies over the locking range, time-domain measurements show that the phase of the spin transfer oscillations varies over a range of approximately +/- 90 degrees relative to the input. This is in good agreement with general theoretical analysis of injection locking of nonlinear oscillators. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Rippard, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 28 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 AR 067203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.067203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952PJ UT WOS:000231017700059 PM 16090984 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Neumann, DA Livingston, RA AF Peterson, VK Neumann, DA Livingston, RA TI Hydration of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate mixtures studied using quasielastic neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PASTES; CEMENT AB Quasielastic neutron scattering was used to study the hydration reaction of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate mixtures by following the fixation of hydrogen into the reaction products, and by applying hydration models to the data. The reaction kinetics were well-described by an Avrami-derived model for the nucleation and growth regime during early hydration times and a diffusion-limited model for later periods. This study showed that the hydration reaction is not a simple linear combination of the reactions for the individual components. Compressive strength tests correlated with the neutron scattering data, suggesting that the details of the interaction affect the microstructure and therefore the strength of the product. Results suggest that favorable reaction mechanics provide optimal strength when an 80-95% tricalcium silicate and 20-5% dicalcium silicate mixture is used. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Fed Highway Adm, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vanessa.peterson@nist.gov NR 13 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 30 BP 14449 EP 14453 DI 10.1021/jp052147o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 950YY UT WOS:000230896500031 PM 16852819 ER PT J AU Friedlingstein, P Solomon, S AF Friedlingstein, P Solomon, S TI Contributions of past and present human generations to committed warming caused by carbon dioxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate; greenhouse; radiative forcing ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEFORESTATION; SENSITIVITY; FORCINGS; RISE AB We developed a highly simplified approach to estimate the contributions of the past and present human generations to the increase of atmospheric CO2 and associated global average temperature increases. For each human generation of adopted 25-year length, we use simplified emission test cases to estimate the committed warming passed to successive children, grandchildren, and later generations. We estimate that the last and the current generation contributed approximately two thirds of the present-day CO2-induced warming. Because of the long time scale required for removal of CO2 from the atmosphere as well as the time delays characteristic of physical responses of the climate system, global mean temperatures are expected to increase by several tenths of a degree for at least the next 20 years even if CO2 emissions were immediately cut to zero; that is, there is a commitment to additional CO2-induced warming even in the absence of emissions. If the rate of increase Of CO2 emissions were to continue up to 2025 and then were cut to zero, a temperature increase of approximate to 1.3 degrees C compared to preindustrial conditions would still occur in 2100, whereas a constant-CO2-emissions scenario after 2025 would more than double the 2100 warming. These calculations illustrate the manner in which each generation inherits substantial climate change caused by CO2 emissions that occurred previously, particularly those of their parents, and shows that current CO2 emissions will contribute significantly to the climate change of future generations. C1 CEA Saclay, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Friedlingstein, P (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM pierre.friedlingstein@cea.fr RI Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 2 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 31 BP 10832 EP 10836 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504755102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 953TC UT WOS:000231102400019 PM 16037209 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Kopycinska-Muller, M Kos, AB Geiss, RH AF Hurley, DC Kopycinska-Muller, M Kos, AB Geiss, RH TI Quantitative elastic-property measurements at the nanoscale with atomic force acoustic microscopy SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MODULUS AB We are developing metrology for rapid, quantitative assessment of elastic properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) methods enable measurements of modulus at either a single point or as a map of local property variations. The information obtained furthers our understanding of nanopatterned surfaces, thin films, and nanoscale structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov OI Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata/0000-0001-7033-3095 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 8 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1002/adem.200500039 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 961GW UT WOS:000231650900009 ER PT J AU Mo, L Avci, B James, D Simpson, B Van Wyngaardt, WM Cessna, JT Baldock, C AF Mo, L Avci, B James, D Simpson, B Van Wyngaardt, WM Cessna, JT Baldock, C TI Development of activity standard for Y-90 microspheres SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Y-90; solution; microspheres; SIR-spheres((R)); activity measurement; chemical digestion; ionisation chamber calibration factor AB Y-90 microspheres are important therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals used in the treatment of liver cancer through a process known as selective internal radiation therapy. SIR-spheres((R)) is a radiopharmaceutical product that is comprised of Y-90 microspheres suspended in sterile, pyrogen-free water for injection into patients. It is necessary to establish for the SIR-spheres((R)) production the capability of accurately measuring the activity of this product to a traceable national measurement standard. An activity standard for SIR-spheres((R)) was developed from a standard for Y-90 solution, employing a highly quantifiable chemical digestion process. Calibration factors for the manufacturer's ionisation chambers were determined for 1 and 5 ml of the SIR-spheres((R)) product placed in Wheaton vials, for both 34% and 44% of Y-90 microsphere concentration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Sydney, Inst Med Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. SIRTeX Med Ltd, Lane Cove, NSW 2066, Australia. CSIR, Natl Metrol Lab, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mo, L (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, New Illawarra Rd,Lucas Heights, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM lmx@ansto.gov.au RI Baldock, Clive/B-2893-2008; OI Baldock, Clive/0000-0001-7559-3769 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.02.002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 947IS UT WOS:000230637400005 PM 15963429 ER PT J AU Sorensen, M Storebakken, T Shearer, KD AF Sorensen, M Storebakken, T Shearer, KD TI Digestibility, growth and nutrient retention in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets extruded at two different temperatures SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE apparent digestibility; energy retention; extrusion temperature; feed conversion; feed technology extrusion; nitrogen retention; rainbow trout ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; AMINO-ACIDS; FEED INGREDIENTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PROTEIN; FISH; ENERGY; GAIRDNERI; STARCH; SALAR AB Digestibility and utilization of a fishmeal-based diet extruded at 103 or 137 degrees C were examined. Each of the diets was fed to 0.5-kg rainbow trout in nine tanks supplied with freshwater. Specific growth rate was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated for trout fed the feed extruded at 137 degrees C. The apparent digestibilities of protein and energy, feed conversion ratio, retentions of nitrogen and energy were not significantly affected by extrusion temperature. Digestibility of ash was significantly reduced in the diets produced at 137 degrees C. C1 Ctr Excellence, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, N-1432 As, Norway. AKVAFORSK, Inst Aquaculture Res AS, As, Norway. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Storebakken, T (reprint author), Ctr Excellence, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, POB 5003, N-1432 As, Norway. EM ts@apc-coe.no RI storebakken, trond/E-8050-2011 OI storebakken, trond/0000-0002-4525-2098 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2005.00347.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944MN UT WOS:000230433200003 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Muller, HR Zank, GP Linsky, JL Redfield, S AF Wood, BE Muller, HR Zank, GP Linsky, JL Redfield, S TI New mass-loss measurements from astrospheric Ly alpha absorption SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : winds, outflows; ultraviolet : stars ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ATMOSPHERIC EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN WALL; SOLAR-WIND; STARS; HELIOSPHERE; WATER; MARS; GAS AB Measurements of stellar mass-loss rates are used to assess how wind strength varies with coronal activity and age for solar-like stars. Mass loss generally increases with activity, but we find evidence that winds suddenly weaken at a certain activity threshold. Very active stars are often observed to have polar starspots, and we speculate that the magnetic field geometry associated with these spots may be inhibiting the winds. Our inferred mass-loss/age relation represents an empirical estimate of the history of the solar wind. This result is important for planetary studies as well as solar/stellar astronomy, since solar wind erosion may have played an important role in the evolution of planetary atmospheres. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woodb@origins.colorado.edu; hans.mueller@dartmouth.edu; zank@ucrac1.ucr.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; sredfield@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 21 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/432716 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VY UT WOS:000230817400015 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Washburn, NR Simon, CG AF Zhang, K Washburn, NR Simon, CG TI Cytotoxicity of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous sol-gel bioactive glass (3DOM-BG) SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE porosity; sol-gel; bioactive glass; apatite; cell culture ID IN-VITRO; IONIC PRODUCTS; OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BONE; MINERALIZATION; PROLIFERATION; DISSOLUTION; CERAMICS; TEMPLATE AB In this study, 80% SiO2-20% CaO (mole fraction) three-dimensionally ordered macroporous sol-gel bioactive glass (3DOM-BG, average pore size: 345 nm) particles were prepared and characterized. Since the 3DOM-BGs have a novel microstructure and ion-releasing profile, the cytotoxicity of 3DOM-BG particles was tested. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells: (1) Wst-1 assay for cell viability after culture in extracts from 3DOM-BG particles; (2) phase contrast microscopy for cell morphology after culture with 3DOM-BG particles; and (3) fluorescence microscopy for imaging cells cultured directly on 3DOM-BG particles. The results Showed that 3DOM-BG particles were not cytotoxic, and that cells attached, spread and proliferated on and around 3DOM-BG particles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Zimmer Inc, Polymer Res, Warsaw, IN 46580 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y1-DE-1021] NR 25 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 22 BP 4532 EP 4539 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 907UK UT WOS:000227743300005 PM 15722122 ER PT J AU Carey, LE Xu, HHK Simon, CG Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Carey, LE Xu, HHK Simon, CG Takagi, S Chow, LC TI Premixed rapid-setting calcium phosphate composites for bone repair SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE premixed calcium phosphate cement; rapid setting; hydroxyapatite; strength; cell culture cytotoxicity; bone repair ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; IN-VITRO; REINFORCEMENT; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; PROLIFERATION; AUGMENTATION; SUBSTITUTE AB Although calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for bone repair, its clinical use requires on site powder liquid mixing. To shorten surgical time and improve graft properties, it is desirable to develop premixed CPC in which the paste remains stable during storage and hardens only after placement into the defect. The objective of this study was to develop premixed CPC with rapid setting when immersed in a physiological solution. Premixed CPCs were formulated using the following approach: Premixed CPC = CPC powder + nonaqueous liquid + gelling agent + hardening accelerator. Three premixed CPCs were developed: CPC-monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), CPC-chitosan, and CPC-tartaric. Setting time for these new premixed CPCs ranged from 5.3 to 7.9 min, significantly faster than 61.7 min for a premixed control CPC reported previously (p < 0.05). SEM revealed the formation of nano-sized needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals after 1d immersion and crystal growth after 7d. Diametral tensile strength for premixed CPCs at 7d ranged from 2.8 to 6.4MPa, comparable to reported strengths for cancellous bone and sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants. Osteoblast cells attained a normal polygonal morphology on CPC-MCPM and CPC-chitosan with cytoplasmic extensions adhering to the nano-hydroxyapatite crystals. In summary, fast-setting premixed CPCs were developed to avoid the powder liquid mixing in surgery. The pastes hardened rapidly once immersed in physiological solution and formed hydroxyapatite. The cements had strengths matching those of cancellous bone and sintered porous hydroxyapatite and noncytotoxicity similar to conventional non-premixed CPC. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE012476, DE11789, DE14190, R01 DE011789, R01 DE014190, R01 DE014190-03, R29 DE012476-05] NR 52 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 24 BP 5002 EP 5014 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 919KQ UT WOS:000228617300013 PM 15769536 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Fairall, CW Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS AF Grachev, AA Fairall, CW Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS TI Stable boundary-layer scaling regimes: The Sheba data SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Coriolis effect; Ekman layer; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; Richardson number; stable boundary layer ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; FLUX-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; INHOMOGENEOUS LAND-SURFACE; TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; HEAT-BUDGET; WEDDELL SEA; ICE; TEMPERATURE; SIMILARITY AB Turbulent and mean meteorological data collected at five levels on a 20-m tower over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) are analyzed to examine different regimes of the stable boundary layer (SBL). Eleven months of measurements during SHEBA cover a wide range of stability conditions, from the weakly unstable regime to very stable stratification. Scaling arguments and our analysis show that the SBL can be classified into four major regimes: (i) surface-layer scaling regime (weakly stable case), (ii) transition regime, (iii) turbulent Ekman layer, and (iv) intermittently turbulent Ekman layer (supercritical stable regime). These four regimes may be considered as the basic states of the traditional SBL. Sometimes these regimes, especially the last two, can be markedly perturbed by gravity waves, detached elevated turbulence ('upside down SBL'), and inertial oscillations. Traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory works well in the weakly stable regime. In the transition regime, Businger-Dyer formulations work if scaling variables are re-defined in terms of local fluxes, although stability function estimates expressed in these terms include more scatter compared to the surface-layer scaling. As stability increases, the near-surface turbulence is affected by the turning effects of the Coriolis force (the turbulent Ekman layer). In this regime, the surface layer, where the turbulence is continuous, may be very shallow (< 5 m). Turbulent transfer near the critical Richardson number is characterized by small but still significant heat flux and negligible stress. The supercritical stable regime, where the Richardson number exceeds a critical value, is associated with collapsed turbulence and the strong influence of the earth's rotation even near the surface. In the limit of very strong stability, the stress is no longer a primary scaling parameter. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Russian Acad Sci, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. USA, Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 75 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 201 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-2729-0 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969AA UT WOS:000232204600005 ER PT J AU Davis, RJ Paxton, CH AF Davis, RJ Paxton, CH TI How the swells of Hurricane Isabel impacted southeast Florida SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Natl Weather Serv, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. RP Davis, RJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Tampa Bay Area,2525 14th Ave SE, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1068 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-8-1065 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 954YV UT WOS:000231192300010 ER PT J AU Cifelli, R Doesken, N Kennedy, P Carey, LD Rutledge, SA Gimmestad, C Depue, T AF Cifelli, R Doesken, N Kennedy, P Carey, LD Rutledge, SA Gimmestad, C Depue, T TI The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cifelli, R (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM robert.cifelli@colostate.edu NR 8 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-8-1069 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 954YV UT WOS:000231192300011 ER PT J AU Schmit, TJ Gunshor, MM Menzel, WP Gurka, JJ Li, J Bachmeier, AS AF Schmit, TJ Gunshor, MM Menzel, WP Gurka, JJ Li, J Bachmeier, AS TI Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on goes-R SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS; MODIS CLOUD PRODUCTS; GOES SOUNDER DATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-VAPOR; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; WIND INFORMATION; INFRARED IMAGERY; PART I AB The ABI will begin a new era in U.S. environmental remote sensing with more spectral bands, faster imaging, and higher spatial resolution than the current imager. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res Applicat, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Tim.J.Schmit@noaa.gov RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 NR 91 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1079 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-8-1079 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 954YV UT WOS:000231192300012 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, B TI Tornado-warning performance in the past and future - Another perspective SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; LIGHTNING DETECTION NETWORK; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; FORECAST VERIFICATION; WSR-88D; SKILL; EVENT; 1ST C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-8-1135 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 954YV UT WOS:000231192300015 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IC AF Kaplan, IC TI A risk assessment for Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; MARINE DEBRIS; FISHERIES; LOGGERHEAD; PATTERNS; IMPACT AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are critically endangered in the eastern and western Pacific Ocean. Here, I estimate the magnitude of two likely causes of their decline: (i) bycatch by longline fishing vessels and (ii) coastal sources of mortality. I calculate point estimates of longline bycatch based on turtle catch rates from the US Hawaii-based fleet and effort data for the international Pacific longline fleet. I estimate the intrinsic growth rate of the population and the magnitude of coastal mortality by fitting a simple logistic model. In the western and central Pacific, coastal sources lead to a 13% annual mortality rate, compared with a point estimate of 12% from longlining. In the eastern Pacific, coastal sources account for a 28% annual mortality rate, compared with a point estimate of only 5% from longlining. A Bayesian risk assessment reveals the importance of reducing coastal sources of mortality, as well as longline bycatch, if the populations are to avoid extinction. International efforts to protect the leatherback should expand beyond focusing solely on longline bycatch and should attempt to reduce coastal harvest of adult females and eggs, as well as reduce bycatch by inshore gears such as gillnets. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM isaac.kaplan@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1710 EP 1719 DI 10.1139/F05-121 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964NU UT WOS:000231888600003 ER PT J AU Jacobson, LD Bograd, SJ Parrish, RH Mendelssohn, R Schwing, FB AF Jacobson, LD Bograd, SJ Parrish, RH Mendelssohn, R Schwing, FB TI An ecosystem-based hypothesis for climatic effects on surplus production in California sardine (Sardinops sagax) and environmentally dependent surplus production models SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SARDINE; ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; EGG-PRODUCTION; CURRENT SYSTEM; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; FISHERY; HISTORY AB We used environmentally dependent surplus production (EDSP) models to test hypotheses linking changes in habitat area, carrying capacity and surplus production in California sardine (Sardinops sagax). Habitat area (with mean sea surface temperatures of 14-16 degrees C) was centered off Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia during July-December and off southern and central California during January-June. Habitat area increased during El Nino and decreased during La Nina events. EDSP models fit better than a conventional Fox surplus production model without environmental data. Our estimated fishing mortality rate at maximum sustained yield F-MSY = 0.099 center dot year(-1) was consistent with other estimates. Maximum sustained yield (MSY) and stock biomass for MSY (B-MSY) depend on habitat area and environmental conditions. Negative surplus production occurred when biomass was high and habitat area declined abruptly. Managers might monitor habitat area to anticipate changes in the California sardine stock and changes in the California Current ecosystem. Periods of high productivity appear easier to identify than periods of negative productivity. Models that incorporate environmental effects on both recruitment and survival and mortality of adult fish appear useful in studying climatic effects on fishery surplus production. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Jacobson, LD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM larry.Jacobson@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1782 EP 1796 DI 10.1139/F05-095 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964NU UT WOS:000231888600009 ER PT J AU Jurado-Molina, J Livingston, PA Ianelli, JN AF Jurado-Molina, J Livingston, PA Ianelli, JN TI Incorporating predation interactions in a statistical catch-at-age model for a predator-prey system in the eastern Bering Sea SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES AB Virtual population analysis and the statistical catch-at-age methods are common stock assessment models used for management advice. The difference between them is the statistical assumptions allowing the fitting of parameters by considering how errors enter into the models and the data sources for the estimation. Fishery managers are being asked to consider multispecies interactions in their decisions. One option to achieve this goal is the multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA); however, its lack of statistical assumptions does not allow the use of tools used in single-species stock assessment. We chose to use a two-species system, walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), to incorporate the predation equations from MSVPA into an age-structured multispecies statistical model (MSM). Results suggest that both models produced similar estimates of suitability coefficients and predation mortalities. The adult population estimates from the single-species stock assessment and MSM were also comparable. MSM provides a measure of parameter uncertainty, which is not available with the MSVPA technologies. MSM is an important advancement in providing advice to fisheries managers because it incorporates the standard tools such as Bayesian methods and decision analysis into a multispecies context, helping to establish useful scenarios for management in the Bering Sea. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jurado-Molina, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jjurado@u.washington.edu NR 25 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1865 EP 1873 DI 10.1139/F05-110 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964NU UT WOS:000231888600015 ER PT J AU Oosterhout, GR Huntington, CW Nickelson, TE Lawson, PW AF Oosterhout, GR Huntington, CW Nickelson, TE Lawson, PW TI Potential benefits of a conservation hatchery program for supplementing Oregon coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations: a stochastic model investigation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WINTER REARING HABITAT; WILD STEELHEAD TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STREAMS; SURVIVAL; WASHINGTON; VIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; SUMMER AB This study developed a stochastic life cycle model to simulate idealized supplementation strategies to investigate the following question: under what circumstances could hatchery fish stocking contribute to the recovery of Oregon coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)? Simulations were used to find a solution space, defined by the attributes of wild and hatchery-bred salmon, their offspring, and their environments, where hatchery fish could supplement natural production without further depressing it until natural or human factors restricting production were relieved. These simulations suggest that short-duration, tightly controlled, low-intensity conservation hatchery programs designed to minimize genetic and ecological risks may yield minor short-term increases in adult coho salmon abundance while posing significant ecological and genetic risks. No solution space was found that indicated clear long-term benefits from such a supplementation program. Of all the management actions modeled, habitat restoration offered by far the largest and only permanent gains in coho salmon abundance while posing no genetic or ecological risk to the fish. The modeled benefits of habitat restoration were significant regardless of assumptions made about the fitness of hatchery fish and their offspring. C1 Decis Matrix Inc, Eagle Point, OR 97524 USA. Clearwater Biostudies Inc, Canby, OR 97013 USA. Oregon Dept Fish Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Oosterhout, GR (reprint author), Decis Matrix Inc, 142 W Dutton Rd, Eagle Point, OR 97524 USA. EM gretchen@decisionmatrix.net NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1920 EP 1935 DI 10.1139/F05-080 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964NU UT WOS:000231888600019 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Schemm, JKE Jones, C Moorthi, S AF Seo, KH Schemm, JKE Jones, C Moorthi, S TI Forecast skill of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP GFS dynamical extended range forecasts SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; BOREAL-SUMMER; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; CONVECTIVE ANOMALIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; TIME SCALES AB This study examines the forecast performance of tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in recent dynamical extended range forecast (DERF) experiments conducted with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) model. The present study extends earlier work by comparing prediction skill of the northern winter ISO (Madden-Julian Oscillation) between the current and earlier experiments. Prediction skill for the northern summer ISO is also investigated. Since the boreal summer ISO exhibits northward propagation as well as eastward propagation along the equator, forecast skill for both components is computed. For the 5-year period from 1 January, 1998 through 31 December, 2002, 30-day forecasts were made once a day. Compared to the previous DERF experiment, the current model has shown some improvements in forecasting the ISO during winter season so that the skillful forecasts (anomaly correlation > 0.6) for upper-level zonal wind anomaly extend from the previous shorter-than 5 days out to 7 days lead-time. A similar level of skill is seen for both northward and eastward propagation components during the summer season as in the winter case. Results also show that forecasts from extreme initial states are more skillful than those from null phases for both seasons, extending the skillful range by 3-6 days. For strong ISO convection phases, the GFS model performs better during the summer season than during the winter season. In summer forecasts, large-scale circulation and convection anomalies exhibit northward propagation during the peak phase. In contrast, the GFS model still has difficulties in sustaining ISO variability during the northern winter as in the previous DERF run. That is, the forecast does not maintain the observed eastward propagating signals associated with large-scale circulation; rather the forecast anomalies appear to be stationary at their initial location and decay with time. The NCEP Coupled Forecast System produces daily operational forecasts and its predication skill of the MJO will be reported in the future. C1 NOAA, RSIS, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP NOAA, RSIS, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kyong-hwan.seo@noaa.gov RI Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s00382-005-0035-2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964BM UT WOS:000231853700009 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Barker, PE Wang, W Srivastava, S Atha, DH AF Jakupciak, JP Barker, PE Wang, W Srivastava, S Atha, DH TI Preparation and characterization of candidate reference materials for telornerase assays SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; REAL-TIME; CANCER; CELLS; VALIDATION; COMPONENTS; VARIANT AB Background: Telomerase has been measured in body fluids of cancer patients, and clinical tests for telomerase may have utility as noninvasive, cost-effective methods for the early detection of cancer. However, telomerase activity measured by common methods such as the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and telornerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (hTERT) mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) varies among laboratories. Methods: We prepared a CHAPS buffer lysate from cultured A549 cells and stored it at -80 degrees C. Telomerase activity was measured by TRAP/PCR and real-time TRAP/RCR in conjunction with RT-PCR measurements of hTERT mRNA. Activity measured with use of the robot-assisted TRAP (RApidTRAP) multicapillary electrophoresis system was compared with single-capillary and slab-gel measurements in the range 10 to 10 000 cell equivalents. Results: Preparations made after flash freezing and sonication of cells were similar to 3-fold more active. Although the slab-gel and capillary instruments detected telomerase activity, the multicapillary instrument was better suited for high-throughput studies. Measurements of telomerase by TRAP/real-time PCR and hTERT mRNA/RT-PCR yielded reproducible titrations in the range 10 to 10 000 cell equivalents (CVs, 1%-8% and 1%-3%, respectively). Conclusions: We have prepared and characterized a candidate reference material that appears to be suitable for use in a wide range of assays of telomerase activity and expression. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Sr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.atha@nist.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1443 EP 1450 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.044727 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 949DV UT WOS:000230766000017 PM 15951318 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Deyhim, A Krueger, S Gregurick, SK AF Zhou, J Deyhim, A Krueger, S Gregurick, SK TI LORES: Low resolution shape program for the calculation of small angle scattering profiles for biological macromolecules in solution SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE small angle neutron scattering; computer modeling; biomolecules ID PEPTIDE NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; RIBONUCLEASE-S; DNA; BINDING; PNA AB A program for determining the low resolution shape of biological macromolecules, based on the optimization of a small angle neutron scattering profile to experimental data, is presented. This program, termed LORES, relies on a Monte Carlo optimization procedure and will allow for multiple scattering length densities of complex structures. It is therefore more versatile than utilizing a form factor approach to produce low resolution structural models. LORES is easy to compile and use, and allows for structural modeling of biological samples in real time. To illustrate the effectiveness and versatility of the program, we present four specific biological examples, Apoferritin (shell model), Ribonuclease S (ellipsoidal model), a 10-mer dsDNA (duplex helix) and a construct of a 10-mer DNA/PNA duplex helix (heterogeneous structure). These examples are taken from protein and nucleic acid SANS studies, of both large and small scale structures. We find, in general, that our program will accurately reproduce the geometric shape of a given macromolecule, when compared with the known crystallographic structures. We also present results to illustrate the lower limit of the experimental resolution which the LORES program is capable of modeling. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gregurick, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, 100 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM greguric@umbc.edu NR 58 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 186 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.12.016 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 949UM UT WOS:000230813600007 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM AF Prabhu, VM TI Counterion structure and dynamics in polyelectrolyte solutions SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE counterion; counterion condensation; Poisson-Boltzmann; polyelectrolyte; scattering; spectroscopy ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ROD-LIKE POLYELECTROLYTES; POISSON-BOLTZMANN THEORY; FLEXIBLE POLYELECTROLYTES; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENT; DIVALENT-CATIONS; SALT; SIMULATION; GELS; CONDENSATION AB Investigations of the counterion distribution and correlations to polyelectrolytes have seen increased activity to understand intrinsically stiff and flexible polyelectrolytes in good solvents as functions of ionic strength, charge valence, and concentration. In particular, anomalous (resonant) small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering have provided new insights on counterion association/ condensation. An area of expected growth is counterion dynamics studied via techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance and neutron-spin echo spectroscopy where the counterion can be labeled along with pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, which can examine a wide range of time and length scales. Along with these experimental studies, theory and simulations provide important predictions and insight. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2005.04.002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 964AH UT WOS:000231847700002 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Wagner, T Congleton, JL Smith, SG Williams, JG AF Zabel, RW Wagner, T Congleton, JL Smith, SG Williams, JG TI Survival and selection of migrating salmon from capture-recapture models with individual traits SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE behavioral variability; capture-recapture; chinook salmon; individual covariates; mark-recapture; model averaging; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; PIT tag; selection; steelhead; survival ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; MARKED ANIMALS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATIONS; SIZE; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE AB Capture-recapture studies are powerful tools for studying animal population dynamics, providing information on population abundance, survival rates, population growth rates, and selection for phenotypic traits. In these studies, the probability of observing a tagged individual reflects both the probability of the individual surviving to the time of recapture and,the probability of recapturing an animal, given that it is alive. If both of these probabilities are related to the same phenotypic trait, it can be difficult to distinguish effects, on survival probabilities from effects on recapture probabilities. However, when animals are individually tagged and have multiple opportunities for recapture, we can properly partition observed trait-related variability into survival and recapture components. We present an overview of capture-recapture models that incorporate individual variability and develop methods to incorporate results from these models into estimates of population survival and selection for phenotypic traits. We conducted a series of simulations to understand the performance of these estimators and to assess the consequences of ignoring individual variability when it exists. In addition, we analyzed a large data set of >153 000 juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) of known length that were PIT-tagged during their seaward migration. Both our simulations and the case study indicated that the ability to precisely estimate selection for phenotypic' traits was greatly compromised when differential recapture probabilities were ignored. Estimates of population survival, however, were far more robust. In the chinook salmon and steelhead study, we consistently found that smaller fish had a greater probability of recapture. We also uncovered length-related survival relationships in over half of the release group/river segment combinations that we observed, but we found both. positive and negative relationships between length and survival probability. These results have important implications for the management of salmonid populations. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1439 DI 10.1890/04-0940 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900029 ER PT J AU Bartz, KK Naiman, RJ AF Bartz, KK Naiman, RJ TI Effects of salmon-borne nutrients on riparian soils and vegetation in southwest Alaska SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE salmon; marine-derived nutrients; fertilization; boreal; riparian ecosystems; soils; stable isotopes ID ELEMENTS TRANSPORTED UPSTREAM; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; REPEATED N FERTILIZATION; JACK PINE FOREST; PACIFIC SALMON; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BOREAL FOREST; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB Spawning Pacific salmon (oncorhynchus spp.) contribute marine-derived nutrients to riparian ecosystems, potentially affecting characteristics of the associated soils and vegetation. We quantified these effects by comparing soil and vegetative characteristics upstream and downstream of natural migratory barriers on ten spawning streams in southwest Alaska. Mean delta(15)N values-indicative of salmon-borne nutrients-were significantly higher in the O horizon and surface mineral soils downstream of barriers (near spawning reaches) than in soils upstream of barriers (near non-spawning reaches). However, the mean total N concentration in surface mineral soil was lower downstream than upstream. Mean foliar delta(15)N values were higher downstream for three plant species (Picea glauca, Salix alaxensis and Arctagrostis latifolia) with contrasting physiognomies. Mean overstory stem density was 100% higher downstream, primarily due to a fivefold difference in the density of largediameter willows (Salix spp.). Mean understory stem density was 47% lower downstream, also driven by a difference in willow density. Mean ground layer non-vascular and dwarf shrub species covers were 28% and 73% lower downstream, respectively. of the ten soil and vegetative characteristics that differed upstream to downstream, two (O horizon and Picea glauca delta(15)N) were correlated with the density of spawning salmon. Collectively, the data suggest that salmon-borne nutrients alter riparian soils and vegetation, while factors unrelated to salmon are responsible for the ultimate expression of many community characteristics. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bartz, KK (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Krista.Bartz@noaa.gov RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 89 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0064-z PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900007 ER PT J AU Fregene, K Kennedy, D Madhavan, R Parker, LE Wang, D AF Fregene, K Kennedy, D Madhavan, R Parker, LE Wang, D TI A class of intelligent agents for coordinated control of outdoor terrain mapping UGVs SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE autonomous agents; terrain mapping; hybrid systems; intelligent control ID SYSTEMS AB This article develops a systems- and control-oriented intelligent agent framework called the hybrid intelligent control agent (HICA) and describes its composition into multiagent systems. It is essentially developed around a hybrid control system core so that knowledge-based planning and coordination can be integrated with verified hybrid control primitives to achieve the coordinated control of multiple multi-mode dynamical systems. The scheme is applied to the control of a team of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) engaged in an outdoor terrain mapping task. Results are demonstrated experimentally. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Honeywell Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. Ryerson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Honeywell Labs, 3660 Technol Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. EM kocfrege@ieee.org; dkennedy@ee.ryerson.ca; raj.madhavan@ieee.org; parker@cs.utk.edu; dwang@kingcong.uwaterloo.ca NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 EI 1873-6769 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.engappai.2004.12.007 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 938OV UT WOS:000230013600001 ER PT J AU Beckvar, N Dillon, TM Read, LB AF Beckvar, N Dillon, TM Read, LB TI Approaches for linking whole-body fish tissue residues of mercury or DDT to biological effects thresholds SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; DDT; residue effects; critical body burden; threshold effects ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; NOEC TOXICITY DATA; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MATERNAL TRANSFER; EGGS AB A variety of methods have been used by numerous investigators attempting to link tissue concentrations with observed adverse biological effects. This paper is the first to evaluate in a systematic way different approaches for deriving protective (i.e., unlikely to have adverse effects) tissue residue-effect concentrations in fish using the same datasets. Guidelines for screening papers and a set of decision rules were formulated to provide guidance on selecting studies and obtaining data in a consistent manner. Paired no-effect (NER) and low-effect (LER) whole-body residue concentrations in fish were identified for mercury and DDT from the published literature. Four analytical approaches of increasing complexity were evaluated for deriving protective tissue residues. The four methods were: Simple ranking, empirical percentile, tissue threshold-effect level (t-TEL), and cumulative distribution function (CDF). The CDF approach did not yield reasonable tissue residue thresholds based on comparisons to synoptic control concentrations. Of the four methods evaluated, the t-TEL approach best represented the underlying data. A whole-body mercury t-TEL of 0.2 mg/kg wet weight, based largely on sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, development, behavior), was calculated to be protective of juvenile and adult fish. For DDT, protective whole-body concentrations of 0.6 mg/kg wet weight in juvenile and adult fish, and 0.7 mg/kg wet weight for early life-stage fish were calculated. However, these DDT concentrations are considered provisional for reasons discussed in this paper (e.g., paucity of sublethal studies). C1 NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. TerraStat, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Beckvar, N (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nancy.beckvar@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 36 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2094 EP 2105 DI 10.1897/04-284R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400033 PM 16152984 ER PT J AU Kelble, CR Ortner, PB Hitchcock, GL Boyer, JN AF Kelble, CR Ortner, PB Hitchcock, GL Boyer, JN TI Attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) in Florida Bay: Potential for light limitation of primary producers SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INNER-SHELF LAGOON; LONG-TERM TRENDS; WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHWESTERN FLORIDA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARLOTTE HARBOR; COASTAL WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB Light attenuation in marine ecosystems can limit primary production and determine the species composition and abundance of primary producers. In Florida Bay, the importance of understanding the present light environment has heightened as major upstream water management restoration projects have been proposed and some are already being implemented. We analyzed a 2-yr (2001-2003) data set of the light attenuation coefficient (Kt) and its principal components (water, chromophoric dissolved organic matter [CDOM], tripton, phytoplankton) obtained at 40 stations within Florida Bay, calibrated synoptic underway data to produce high spatial resolution maps, examined the potential for light limitation, and quantified the individual effect of each component upon tight attenuation. Tripton was the dominant component controlling tight attenuation throughout Florida Bay, whereas the contribution of chlorophyll a and CDOM to Kt was much smaller in all regions of Florida Bay. It was possible to accurately estimate the light attenuation coefficient from component concentrations, using either a mechanistic or a statistical model with root mean square errors of 0.252 or 0.193 m(-1), respectively. Compared to other estuaries, Florida Bay had the lowest overall Kt and the greatest relative contribution from tripton. Comparing the recent data to a study of Florida Bay's light environment conducted in 1993-1994, we found that overall water clarity in the Bay increased significantly, indicated by a nearly 3-fold decrease in Kt, as a result of lower tripton concentrations, although the percent contribution of each of the components to K, is unchanged. Only the northwest corner of Florida Bay, an area comprised of approximately 8% of the Bay's total area, was found on average to have sufficient light attenuation to limit the growth of seagrasses. This is much less extensive than in 1993-1994, when seagrass growth was potentially limited by light at over 50% of the stations sampled. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kelble, CR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chris.Kelble@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 20 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 560 EP 571 DI 10.1007/BF02696067 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965QD UT WOS:000231964400008 ER PT J AU Sigleo, AC Mordy, CW Stabeno, P Frick, WE AF Sigleo, AC Mordy, CW Stabeno, P Frick, WE TI Nitrate variability along the Oregon coast: Estuarine-coastal exchange SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrate; coastal upwelling; tidal plume; Yaquina Bay; NE Pacific Ocean ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CAPE BLANCO; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; CADMIUM; PROGRAM; BAY AB Coastal upwelling along the Eastern Pacific provides a major source of nutrients to nearby bays and estuaries during the summer months. To quantify the coastal ocean nitrogen input to Yaquina Bay, Oregon, nitrate concentrations were measured hourly from a moored sensor during summer upwelling in August 2000 outside the jetties to the estuary. Nitrate concentrations associated with coastal upwelling were generally high (up to 34 mu mol 1(-1)). The high-temporal resolution of the nitrate data clearly showed variations with a period of similar to 12 h. The nitrate variations were tightly coupled with temperature variations, with warmer water corresponding to lower nitrate values (5-20 mu mol 1(-1)). Discretely-collected samples defined the estuarine conditions during the same period. The estuarine samples also varied from 5 to 20 mu mol 1(-1) dissolved nitrate, suggesting that the lower nitrate values were associated with water ebbing from Yaquina estuary. Model calculations, used to estimate the amount of nitrate received by the estuary, indicate that the flux of nitrate into the bay averaged 12,900 kg day(-1) during upwelling. The water chemistry at the nitrate sensor was a complex product of tidal forcing, wind-induced currents and biological utilization of nutrients. A discharge model was used to examine the ebbing tide entrainment hypothesis when ocean currents were steady. Where ocean currents change rapidly in a few hours, the plume trajectories, however, will meander horizontally, fractionate or become patchy. The model analysis supports the tidal Yaquina Bay outflow premise as a cause for nitrate and water property variations near the Yaquina Bay entrance jetties. High-temporal resolution nitrate analyses indicate that near shore coastal waters were influenced by nearby estuarine outflow as well as by coastal upwelling. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sigleo, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM sigleo.anne@epa.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.018 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 950QV UT WOS:000230873200007 ER PT J AU Spencer, ML Stoner, AW Ryer, CH Munk, JE AF Spencer, ML Stoner, AW Ryer, CH Munk, JE TI A towed camera sled for estimating abundance of juvenile flatfishes and habitat characteristics: Comparison with beam trawls and divers SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE survey technique; video; fish; habitat ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; CANCER-MAGISTER; ENGLISH SOLE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DUNGENESS CRABS; VISUAL CENSUS; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; TRANSECT; VETULUS AB An inexpensive towed video camera sled was developed to provide abundance estimates for juvenile flatfishes and other benthic taxa, and to characterize habitat features. The camera sled was compared with beam trawls and diver survey methods in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, and in bays of Kodiak Island, Alaska. In Yaquina Bay the camera sled with a tickler chain (to induce flatfish movement) yielded density estimates for juvenile flatfish (English sole, Pleuronectes vetulus) that were equivalent to those of the divers, but greater than with a I in beam trawl or the camera sled without a tickler chain. Crab (Cancer magister) density estimates were similar between the divers and the camera sled (with or without the tickler chain), but were underestimated with the beam trawl. In Kodiak, densities of juvenile flatfish (northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra) were similar between the camera sled with a tickler chain, divers, and a 2 in beam trawl. Density estimates from the camera sled were obtainable for flatfish as small as 20 mm. Habitat features, such as empty bivalve shells, were underestimated with the beam trawl compared with the divers and the camera sled. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of an inexpensive, simple to operate, towed camera sled in surveying abundance and habitat associations of juvenile flatfishes, crabs, and other taxa. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Spencer, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mara.spencer@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 2-3 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.03.012 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 950QV UT WOS:000230873200034 ER PT J AU von Szalay, PG Somerton, DA AF von Szalay, PG Somerton, DA TI The effect of net spread on the capture efficiency of a demersal survey trawl used in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trawl surveys; bottom trawls; capture efficiency; net spread; catch-per-unit effort; footrope; bottom contact; relative abundance estimates ID SPEED AB Relative abundance estimates generated from the National Marine Fisheries Service's annual groundfish trawl surveys in the eastern Bering Sea shelf are based on mean catch per area swept. In the calculation of these estimates, the capture efficiency is assumed to be independent of net spread, which, in turn, increases with depth throughout the depth range of the survey area, and also varies substantially with bottom type and currents, The validity of this assumption was tested using a linear model of catch-per-unit-towed distance versus net spread and depth that was fit to 14 years of survey data for seven species. Catch rates decreased significantly with increasing net spreads for six of the seven species despite the larger area swept at greater net spreads. The magnitude of the downward trends varied considerably by species, Purple sea star (Asterias amurensis) and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) exhibited the strongest negative relationships between catch rate and net spread, while Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) exhibited the weakest relationship. We attribute this decrease in catch rate to a decrease in capture efficiency. For the benthic species we consider, the decrease in capture efficiency is likely due to increased escapement under the footrope, because calibrated bottom contact sensors indicate that footrope clearance with the bottom increases with net spread. The current assumption of constant capture efficiency at all net spreads may result in biased size distributions and sex ratios for species displaying size and sex segregation by depth, This assumption may also have negative implications for the assessment of highly patchily distributed species as well as those whose depth distribution changes with environmental conditions. Controlling trawl geometry by means of restrictor cables oil the warps is a feasible method to address this problem. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Szalay, PG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.von.szalay@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.04.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 941XY UT WOS:000230248700008 ER PT J AU Cai, JN Leung, PS Pan, ML Pooley, S AF Cai, JN Leung, PS Pan, ML Pooley, S TI Economic linkage impacts of Hawaii's longline fishing regulations SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaii longline fisheries; economic impacts; input-output modeling; backward linkages; forward linkage ID INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; PLAUSIBILITY AB Fisheries regulations driven by environmental concerns would not only directly affect fisheries sectors but also tend to indirectly influence other sectors through intersectoral input-output linkages. This paper examines both backward and forward linkages of Hawaii's fisheries sectors to the rest of the economy, and based on this evaluates the potential economic impacts of longline fishing regulations in Hawaii. We find that Hawaii's fisheries sectors have strong linkages it) the rest of the economy, regulations on them will thus have profound economic impacts. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Econ, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Leung, PS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, 3050 Maile Way,Gilmore 111, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM psleung@hawaii.edu NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.02.006 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 941XY UT WOS:000230248700020 ER PT J AU Swartzman, G Winter, A Coyle, K Brodeur, R Buckley, T Ciannelli, L Hunt, G Ianelli, J Macklin, A AF Swartzman, G Winter, A Coyle, K Brodeur, R Buckley, T Ciannelli, L Hunt, G Ianelli, J Macklin, A TI Relationship of age-0 pollock abundance and distribution around the Pribilof Islands, to other shelf regions of the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age-0 pollock; Pribilof Islands; inner front; eastern Bering Sea ID GULF-OF-ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INNER FRONT; VARIABILITY; GROWTH; ZOOPLANKTON; RECRUITMENT AB The Pribilof Islands region is recognized to be a major nursery for age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea. However, the Pribilof Islands' importance for the recruitment of pollock in the Bering Sea has not been quantified. In this paper, we define the geographic extent of the Pribilof Islands region based on ocean circulation, location of major fronts, and trophic interactions. The abundance and distribution by oceanographic habitat (nearshore, frontal and offshore), of acoustically determined age-0 pollock are compared between the Pribilof Islands and the Inner Front of the eastern Bering Sea, for the summers of 1997-1999. Net samples collected during surveys in 1995-2002 are used to compare the abundance of age-0 pollock in the Pribilof Islands region to locations eastward along the Bering Sea shelf. We found densities of age-0 pollock near the Pribilof Islands to be generally higher than on the surrounding shelf, and higher or non-significantly different from the Inner Front. Through synthesis of our data and inferences of pollock growth and mortality, we estimate the Pribilof Islands region to have comprised 12.5% (1997), 53.7% (1998), and 24.7% (1999) of the total stock of age-0 pollock in the eastern Bering Sea. Since the Pribilof Islands region comprises only 14% of the total eastern Bering Sea area, evidence is given that a disproportion ally large fraction of the age-0 pollock population inhabits the Pribilof Islands nursery. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Swartzman, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM gordie@apl.washington.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.01.023 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 941XY UT WOS:000230248700024 ER PT J AU Goslin, J Lourenco, N Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Haxel, J Luis, J AF Goslin, J Lourenco, N Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Haxel, J Luis, J TI Long-term seismicity of the Reykjanes Ridge (North Atlantic) recorded by a regional hydrophone array SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE earthquake sequences; long-term observations; mid-ocean ridges; seismicity ID EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; OMORI FORMULA; TECTONICS; ICELAND; MODEL; LAW AB The seismicity of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge was recorded by two hydrophone networks moored in the sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel, on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, north and south of the Azores. During its period of operation (05/2002-09/2003), the northern 'SIRENA' network, deployed between latitudes 40 degrees 20'N and 50 degrees 30'N, recorded acoustic signals generated by 809 earthquakes on the hotspot-influenced Reykjanes Ridge. This activity was distributed between five spatio-temporal event clusters, each initiated by a moderate-to-large magnitude (4.0-5.6 M) earthquake. The rate of earthquake occurrence within the initial portion of the largest sequence (which began on 2002 October 6) is described adequately by a modified Omori law aftershock model. Although this is consistent with triggering by tectonic processes, none of the Reykjanes Ridge sequences are dominated by a single large-magnitude earthquake, and they appear to be of relatively short duration (0.35-4.5 d) when compared to previously described mid-ocean ridge aftershock sequences. The occurrence of several near-equal magnitude events distributed throughout each sequence is inconsistent with the simple relaxation of main shock-induced stresses and may reflect the involvement of magmatic or fluid processes along this deep (>2000 m) section of the Reykjanes Ridge. C1 Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UMR 6538, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Univ Algarve, Ctr Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Univ Nova Lisboa, Ctr Geofis, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UMR 6538, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM goslin@univ-brest.fr; lourenco@fc.ul.pt; robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov; del@ldeo.columbia.edu; joe.haxel@noaa.gov; jluis@ualg.pt RI Lourenco, Nuno/A-4177-2009; Luis, Joaquim/A-1112-2009; Goslin, Jean/A-7184-2010; Lourenco, Nuno/A-5361-2013 OI Luis, Joaquim/0000-0002-9035-4069; Lourenco, Nuno/0000-0002-8038-677X NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 162 IS 2 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02678.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 950FU UT WOS:000230843800020 ER PT J AU Jurado-Molina, J Livingston, PA Gallucci, VF AF Jurado-Molina, J Livingston, PA Gallucci, VF TI Testing the stability of the suitability coefficients from an eastern Bering Sea multispecies virtual population analysis SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; predation mortality; stability; suitability coefficients AB Suitability coefficients are important for the estimation of predation mortality in a multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) and subsequent use in the multispecies forecasting model (MSFOR). Testing the assumption of the stability of the suitability coefficients is important in assessing the robustness of the predictions made with MSFOR. We used different statistical methods to partially test this assumption for the eastern Bering Sea MSVPA model with eight species, using stomach content data for the years 1985-1989. Comparison of the estimates from two different sets of stomach content data (set one with all data and set two mainly with data from 1985) suggested that the differences between the two types of estimates were much reduced when the number of predator stomachs sampled increased. In a second approach, we contrasted the residual variances of partial data sets with the results from the fit of the total data set. Results suggested a small increase (similar to 10.8%) in the variation of the suitability coefficients. Comparison of the means of the suitability coefficients associated with each predator species suggests that only 13 of the 50 possible pairwise contrasts were significantly different (alpha = 0.05). In general, results suggested. that the predator preferences and prey vulnerabilities remained stable over the time period studied. Therefore, MSFOR could be considered as a toot to advise fisheries managers within a multispecies context. (c) 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jurado-Molina, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 503520, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jurado@u.washington.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.03.005 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 952JD UT WOS:000230998900009 ER PT J AU Conti, SG Demer, DA Brierley, AS AF Conti, SG Demer, DA Brierley, AS TI Broad-bandwidth, sound scattering, and absorption from krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), mysids (Praunus flexuosus and Neomysis integer), and shrimp (Crangon crangon) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic scatter; Born approximation model; distorted-wave; modelling; stochastic; total cross-section; total target strength ID WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; TOTAL TARGET STRENGTH; ANTARCTIC KRILL; SCOTIA SEA; REVERBERATION; ORIENTATION; BIOMASS; CAVITY; MODEL; TANK AB Sound scattering and absorption by Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) were measured over the acoustic bandwidth of 30-210 kHz and compared with similar scattering measurements for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The measurements of total target strength (TTS; energy scattered in all directions, averaged over all angles of incidence) match the SDWBA model (stochastic distorted-wave Born approximation) recently developed for Antarctic krill, indicating its validity for other euphausiid species with similar size and shape. However, the TTS of crustaceans with markedly different shapes are not well predicted by SDWBA derived with the generic krill shape and scaled to animal length (L). Therefore, crustacean target strength (TS) may not be estimated accurately by a linear function of log(10)(L), irrespective of shape, questioning the validity of the current TS relationship used for Antarctic krill derived from data measured from multiple crustaceans. TTS and TS are dependent upon both L and shape, and different crustaceans have significantly different shapes and width-to-length relationships. In contrast, modelled TTS and TS spectra for gravid and non-gravid krill appear to have differing amplitudes, but similar shapes. Additionally, measurements of absorption spectra from decapods indicate that the absorption cross-section increases with the volume of the animal. (c) 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Conti, SG (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stephane.conti@noaa.gov RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 956 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.01.024 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 952JD UT WOS:000230998900012 ER PT J AU Lee, S Sriram, K Kim, H Song, J AF Lee, S Sriram, K Kim, H Song, J TI Contention-based limited deflection routing protocol in optical burst-switched networks SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE burst contention; burst loss mitigation; deflection routing; optical burst switching (OBS); optical Internet; performance ID VOICE AB Optical burst switching (OBS) is a very promising switching technology for realization of an economical optical Internet. In OBS networks, when contention occurs at an intermediate switch, two or more bursts that are in contention can be lost because a forwarding path reservation is not made for a burst until a control message for the burst arrives. That is the reason why one of the critical design issues in OBS is finding ways to minimize burst dropping resulting from resource contention. In this paper, we propose and analyze a novel deflection routing protocol, which mitigates and. resolves contention with significantly better performance as compared with techniques currently known in the literature. While several variants of the basic deflection routing scheme have been proposed before, they all lacked the ability to determine the alternate route based on clear performance objectives. In this paper, we present an on-demand deflection routing scheme, which sequentially performs the following: 1) based on certain performance criteria, dynamically determines if the burst should be deflection routed or retransmitted from source and 2) if the decision is to deflection route, then the same is done using a path that is based on minimization of a performance measure that combines distance and blocking due to contention. The proposed contention-based limited deflection routing scheme prevents injudicious deflection routing. Our simulation results show that the scheme proposed here has much superior performance both in terms of burst loss probability and increased network throughput. Through analytical and simulation modeling, a number of useful insights into the OBS network protocols and performance are provided. C1 Sejong Univ, Grad Sch Informat & Commun, Seoul 143747, South Korea. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Photon & Networking Res Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Grad Sch Informat & Commun, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM sklee@sejong.ac.kr RI Sriram, Kotikalapudi/B-3294-2009; Song, Jooseok/G-8615-2012 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1596 EP 1611 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2005.851742 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 955AD UT WOS:000231196100015 ER PT J AU Bousquet, RR Chu, PM DaBell, RS Grabow, JU Suenram, RD AF Bousquet, RR Chu, PM DaBell, RS Grabow, JU Suenram, RD TI Trends in microwave spectroscopy for the detection of chemical agents SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chemical agent detection; microwave spectral database; microwave spectroscopy for quantitative analysis ID FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETRY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; PULSED-MOLECULAR-BEAM; JET-COOLED FTMW; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; CONFORMATIONAL STRUCTURES; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AB Recent developments in microwave spectroscopy have encouraged researchers to develop this technique for analytical applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and homeland defense. This paper presents a general overview of microwave spectroscopy with a focus on aspects relevant for detecting chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their surrogates. In particular, the high spectral resolution of microwave methods provides exceptional selectivity which is critical for detecting and identifying CWAs given the complex environments and numerous interferents that may obscure measurements by instruments with poor specificity. Ongoing efforts to develop a microwave spectral database of CWAs and improve the quantitative capabilities of Fourier transform microwave spectrometers are discussed. Additionally, future improvements to achieve a field-deployable sensor are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem, Rexburg, ID 83460 USA. Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Bousquet, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.bousquet@nist.gov; pamela.chu@nist.gov; dabellr@byui.edu; uwe.grabow@pci.uni-hannover.de; richard.suenram@nist.gov NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.851000 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 946KU UT WOS:000230571800014 ER PT J AU Meier, DC Taylor, CJ Cavicchi, RE White, VE Ellzy, MW Sumpter, KB Semancik, S AF Meier, DC Taylor, CJ Cavicchi, RE White, VE Ellzy, MW Sumpter, KB Semancik, S TI Chemical warfare agent detection using MEMS-compatible microsensor arrays SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chemical microsensors; chemical vapor deposition (CVD); chemical warfare (CW) agent; conductometric; metal oxide; thin film ID HOTPLATE GAS SENSORS; TIN OXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILM; CO; CLASSIFICATION; RESPONSES AB Microsensors have been fabricated consisting of TiO2 and SnO2 sensing films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on microelectromechanical systems array platforms. Response measurements from these devices to the chemical warfare (CW) agents GA (tabun), GB (sarin), and HD (sulfur mustard) at concentrations between 5 nmol/mol (ppb) and 200 ppb in dry air, as well as to CW agent simulants CEES (chloroethyl ethyl sulfide) and DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate) between 250 and 3000 ppb, are reported. The microsensors exhibit excellent signal-to-noise and reproducibility. The temperature of each sensor element is independently controlled by embedded microheaters that drive both the CVD process (375 degrees C) and sensor operation at elevated temperatures (325 degrees C-475 degrees C). The concentration-dependent analyte response magnitude is sensitive to conditions under which the sensing films are grown. Sensor stability studies confirm little signal degradation during 14 h of operation. Use of pulsed (200 ms) temperature-programmed sensing over a broad temperature range (20 degrees C-480 degrees C) enhances analyte selectivity, since the resulting signal trace patterns contain primarily kinetic information that is unique for each agent tested. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Meier, DC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmeier@nist.gov; chuck.taylor@pomona.edu; rcav@nist.gov; edward.white@nist.gov; michael.ellzy@us.army.mil; kenneth.sumpter@us.army.mil; steves@nist.gov NR 47 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 712 EP 725 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.848139 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 946KU UT WOS:000230571800022 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ Banner, ML Churnside, JH Shaw, JA Vandemark, DC Wright, CW Jensen, JB Lee, S AF Walsh, EJ Banner, ML Churnside, JH Shaw, JA Vandemark, DC Wright, CW Jensen, JB Lee, S TI Visual demonstration of three-scale sea-surface roughness under light wind conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE light wind; mean square slope (MSS); microwave; optical; sea surface ID MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; OCEAN WAVES EXPERIMENT; GENERATED WAVES; RADAR ALTIMETER; AIRBORNE LIDAR; MODEL; SCATTERING; SCATTEROMETRY; BACKSCATTER AB During the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (SOWEX) an aircraft carried a down-looking video camera to help document the sea surface. Reflected images of the aircraft were intermittently observed in the video recorded at 15-30-m height under light and variable wind conditions. A numerical simulation was developed to relate image contrast to the gravity-capillary wave contribution to sea-surface mean square slope (mss). "Carnival fun-house" mirror-type distortions of the image in the absence of the gravity-capillary waves relate to intermediate-scale wave persistence when wind forcing stops. Video image estimates of mss correlated better with 36-GHz scanning radar altimeter estimates than with the wind speed measured at 30-m height. When the gravity-capillary waves disappeared in the absence of wind forcing, about one-third of the 0.0015 residual mss was contributed by the dominant waves, and about two-thirds was contributed by the 1-10-m wavelength region. Near the shores of a lake in Alaska, reflected aircraft images were also observed, indicating that the gravity-capillary wave contribution to mss was only about 0.000001, even though the wind speed at the 160-m aircraft height was 10 m/s. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM Edward.Walsh@nasa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; OI Banner, Michael/0000-0002-0799-5341 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1751 EP 1762 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.851633 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949BX UT WOS:000230761000006 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DE Kerr, EA Castells, A Carswell, JR Frasier, SJ Chang, PS Black, PG Marks, FD AF Fernandez, DE Kerr, EA Castells, A Carswell, JR Frasier, SJ Chang, PS Black, PG Marks, FD TI IWRAP: The imaging wind and rain airborne profiler for remote sensing of the ocean and the atmospheric boundary layer within tropical cyclones SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric boundary layer (ABL); cyclone; ocean remote sensing; precipitation; scatterometry ID HURRICANE ANDREW LANDFALL; GENERATED WAVES; SOUTH FLORIDA; ROSSBY-WAVES; MODEL; SCATTEROMETRY; FIELDS AB The Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) is the first high-resolution dual-band airborne Doppler radar designed to study the inner core of tcyclones (TCs). IWRAP is operated from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft during missions through TCs and severe ocean storms. The system is designed to provide high-resolution dual-polarized G and Ku-band reflectivity and Doppler velocity profiles of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) within the inner core precipitation bands of TCs and to study the effects precipitation has on ocean wind scatterometry as it applies to TCs. IWRAP implements a very unique measurement strategy; it profiles simultaneously at four separate incidence angles (approximately 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, and 50 degrees) while conically scanning at 60 rpm. A summary of the principles of operation and the design of the instrument is given, followed by examples of IWRAPs unique imaging capability. To our knowledge, these examples include the highest resolution measurements of the ABL winds in a hurricane ever obtained. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Fernandez, DE (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1775 EP 1787 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.851640 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949BX UT WOS:000230761000008 ER PT J AU Larson, DR Paulter, NG Bergman, DI AF Larson, DR Paulter, NG Bergman, DI TI Pulse parameter dependence on transition occurrence instant and wayeform epoch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 18-20, 2004 CL Como, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE picosecond; pulse parameter; sampling oscilloscope; settling error; transition duration AB The pulse parameters of amplitude and transition duration are dependent on the waveform epoch and transition occurrence instant of the pulse transition in the waveform epoch. The primary explanations for the observed variations are the pulse aberrations and settling behavior of both the pulse generator and the measurement instrument (sampling oscilloscope). Measurement results are included for three pulse generators and two sampling oscilloscopes. C1 NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Larson, DR (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 SI SI BP 1520 EP 1526 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.851076 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 947FK UT WOS:000230628600028 ER PT J AU Lee, KB Song, EY AF Lee, KB Song, EY TI Object-oriented application framework for IEEE 1451.1 standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 18-20, 2004 CL Como, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE IEEE 1451.1; network capable application processor (NCAP); object-oriented application; object-oriented framework; smart transducer; Unified Modeling Language (UML) AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, smart sensor project focuses on the development and support of the IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standard for Sensors and Actuators. One of the main objectives of this project is to provide reference implementations and applications of the IEEE 1451 family of standards. This paper describes an object-oriented application framework for the IEEE 1451.1 standard. This framework consists of four layers-the operating system, middleware and tools, the 1451.1 layer, and the application layer. The 1451.1 layer focuses on the class hierarchy of the IEEE 1451.1 standard. It consists of the neutral model and middleware-based 1451.1 model. The application layer focuses on the application system design that is the composition or aggregation among the objects of the 1451.1 application systems. The initial implementation of the object-oriented application framework for IEEE 1451.1 is provided using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) tools and Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE) middleware. The wastewater treatment system is used as an example to initially customize this framework. IEEE 1451.1 application developers can customize their specific applications with the help of this framework, and the time-to-market for 1451.1 applications can be reduced significantly. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov; ysong@nist.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 SI SI BP 1527 EP 1533 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.851225 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 947FK UT WOS:000230628600029 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Kano, K AF Obrzut, J Kano, K TI Impedance and nonlinear dielectric testing at high ac voltages using waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 18-20, 2004 CL Como, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE ac harmonics; complex impedance; dielectric breakdown voltage; dielectric hybrid materials; nonlinear dielectric response; waveform measurements AB This paper presents the application of a waveform technique that can determine the complex impedance and non-linear response of dielectric composite films at high ac voltages using a data acquisition (DAQ) card and virtual instrumentation. The voltage waveforms are Fourier transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain the fundamental and higher order harmonic responses as complex phasor quantities. The specimen impedance is determined by performing complex algebraic calculations. It was found that the conventional fiber-glass reinforced epoxy resin laminates exhibit a flat impedance characteristic, nearly independent of voltage, up to near breakdown conditions. At near breakdown conditions, the second-harmonic response starts to decrease, indicating a dielectric softening of the material. At higher voltages, nonlinear dielectric behavior is dominated by the third-harmonic response. In contrast, the impedance of dielectric hybrid materials made of organic resins and high-dielectric constant ceramics decreases continuously with increasing voltage. The drop in impedance is accompanied by a reversible transformation from a dielectric to resistive character. The field-induced nonlinear dielectric effects are mainly due to polarization reversal of the high-k filler, which is manifested by a large third-harmonic response. The near breakdown conditions in such materials can be inferred from the second-harmonic response, which diminishes when the ac electric field erases the residual static polarization. The presented testing procedure represents a compatible extension of the existing standard test methods for dielectric breakdown but is better suited for testing thin-film materials with a high-dielectric constant. The results demonstrate that the voltage withstanding condition can be inferred from the impedance characteristic and the nonlinear dielectric response without ambiguity. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 SI SI BP 1570 EP 1574 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.851414 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 947FK UT WOS:000230628600036 ER PT J AU Howe, DA Beard, RL Greenhall, CA Vernotte, F Riley, WJ Peppler, TK AF Howe, DA Beard, RL Greenhall, CA Vernotte, F Riley, WJ Peppler, TK TI Enhancements to GPS operations and clock evaluations using a "total" Hadamard deviation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILITY; ALLAN VARIANCE; ESTIMATORS AB We describe a method based on the total deviation approach whereby we improve the confidence of the estimation of the Hadamard deviation that is used primarily in global positioning system (GPS) operations. The Hadamard-total deviation described in this paper provides a significant improvement in confidence indicated by an increase of 1.3 to 3.4 times the one degree of freedom of the plain Hadamard deviation at the longest averaging time. The new Hadamard-total deviation is slightly negatively biased with respect to the usual Hadamard deviation, and tau values are restricted to less than or equal to T/3, to be consistent with the usual Hadamard's definition. We give a method of automatically removing bias by a power-law detection scheme. We review the relationship between Kalman filter parameters and the Hadamard and Allan variances, illustrate the operational problems associated with estimating these parameters, and discuss how the Hadamard-total variance can improve management of present and future GPS satellite clocks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Besancon, Besancon, France. Hamilton Tech Serv, Beaufort, SC 29907 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dhowe@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1509784 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 961BK UT WOS:000231636700007 PM 16245595 ER PT J AU Opstvedt, J Miller, R Groninger, H AF Opstvedt, J Miller, R Groninger, H TI The effect of oxygen pressure and the addition of KBrO3 and H2O2 on the oxidation of sulphydryl groups to disulphide bonds in raw and heated fish SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; oxygen pressure; pro-oxidants; sulphydryl groups ID PROTEIN; FLOUR C1 Norwegian Inst Fisheries & Aquaculture Res, N-5141 Bergen, Norway. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOOA, NW & Alaska Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Opstvedt, J (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Fisheries & Aquaculture Res, N-5141 Bergen, Norway. EM joh-opst@online.no NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01021.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 947EZ UT WOS:000230627500013 ER PT J AU Kwon, DH Rhee, YJ Kim, YK AF Kwon, DH Rhee, YJ Kim, YK TI Cross sections for ionization of Mo and Mo+ by electron impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization cross sections; Mo and Mo+; autoioniztion ID EXCITATION; ATOMS AB Theoretical cross sections for electron-impact ionization of the neutral Mo atom and Mo+ ion are reported. Both Mo and Mo+ have many metastable levels near the ground level. We calculated ionization cross sections from the ground and two lowest metastable levels for both Mo and Mo+. The total ionization cross sections for each initial state consist of direct and indirect ionization cross sections. The direct ionization cross sections were calculated by using the binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) model. The indirect ionization cross sections resulting from numerous excitation-autoionization processes were calculated by using scaled Born cross sections for the excitation of 5s electrons to 5p, 4d electrons to 5p, and 4p electrons to 4d or 5s, whose excitation energies exceeded the lowest ionization energy of the initial states of Mo and Mo+. For the ground-state Mo, indirect processes contribute only about 5%, while for metastable Mo, indirect processes contribute almost 30% to the total ionization cross section. Unlike our experience with light atoms, contributions to indirect ionization from spin-forbidden and Delta n = 1 excitations, where n is the principal quantum number, are noticeable. For Mo+ indirect processes contribute less than 15%. There are no experimental data to compare for Mo. The distorted-wave Born cross sections for Mo available in the literature accounted for direct ionization only, and hence are lower than in the present work at higher incident electron energies where excitation-autoionization contributes significantly. Our total cross section for the single ionization of Mo+ is in good agreement with two sets of experimental data available in the literature, while the distorted-wave Born cross section reported with one of the experiments is almost a factor of two higher than the experiments at the cross section peak. circle star 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Kim, YK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kim@nist.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 245 IS 1-3 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.06.007 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 969MT UT WOS:000232239000003 ER PT J AU Yang, B Tewary, VK AF Yang, B Tewary, VK TI Green's function-based multiscale modeling of defects in a semi-infinite silicon substrate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT AB We have developed a Green's function (GF) based multiscale modeling of defects in a semi-infinite silicon substrate. The problem-including lattice defects and substrate surface, i.e., an extended defect, at different length scales-is first formulated within the theory of lattice statics. It is then reduced and solved by using a scale-bridging technique based on the Dyson's equation that relates a defect GF to a reference GF and on the asymptotic relationship of the reference lattice-statics GF (LSGF) to the continuum GF (CGF) of the semi-infinite substrate. The reference LSGF is obtained approximately by solving the boundary-value problem of a super-cell of lattice subject to a unit point force and under a boundary condition given by the reference CGF. The Tersoff potential of silicon, germanium and their compounds is used to derive the lattice-level force system and force constants and further to derive the continuum-level elastic constants (of the bulk silicon, needed in the reference CGF). We have applied the method to solve for the lattice distortion of a single vacancy and a single germanium substitution. We have further calculated the relaxation energy in these cases and used it to examine the interaction of the point defects with the (traction-free) substrate surface and the interaction of a single vacancy with a relatively large germanium cluster in the presence of the substrate surface. In the first case, the point defects are found to be attracted to the substrate surface. In the second case, the single vacancy is attracted to the germanium cluster as well as to the substrate surface. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 16-17 BP 4722 EP 4737 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.01.019 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 933VB UT WOS:000229659900011 ER PT J AU Hackley, VA Stoimenov, PK Ho, DL Sung, LP Klabunde, KJ AF Hackley, VA Stoimenov, PK Ho, DL Sung, LP Klabunde, KJ TI Structure development in aerogel-processed nanocrystalline alkaline earth oxides as revealed by SANS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE-SCATTERING; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; UNIQUE SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; ENHANCED ADSORPTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHEMICAL REAGENTS; MASS FRACTALS AB Nanocrystalline MgO, CaO and SrO were prepared according to a modified aerogel process (AP). Small-angle neutron scattering ( SANS) was used to probe the nanoscale structural features of these materials after each stage of the synthetic process, including hydrolysis, supercritical drying and calcining. SANS data were interpreted using a classical analysis involving power-law and Guinier regimes, and by application of the maximum entropy method. Results are compared with previously published structural data based on X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and gas adsorption. It is found that the gel hydrolysis product suspended in methanol and toluene exhibits rod-like scattering at small length scales. This is consistent with a filiform morphology previously reported for air-dried Mg(OH)(2) alcogel, yet SANS data for air-dried alcogels tested in this study indicate no evidence for low-dimensional structure on any length scale. A previous assertion of mass fractal structure in the AP aerogels and oxides was not confirmed by the present data. Instead, surface fractal scattering was found to be the most dominant characteristic feature associated with the SANS data for all AP powders examined. Additionally, MgO and CaO exhibited a correlation peak that corresponds to liquid-like ordering at Bragg length scales of 5.9 nm and 20.3 nm, respectively. These values are roughly consistent with previous independent estimates of primary particle size, suggesting that local packing of primary crystallites is facilitated by the calcination/dehydration process. An alternative interpretation treats these features as Guinier scattering regions. Fitting of results using the unified Guinier/power-law equation yields sphere-equivalent radii for the primary particles that are nearly identical to the Bragg lengths calculated from the positions of the maxima. Air-dried alcogels produced very weak maxima that could be interpreted either as correlation peaks or as Guinier regions. No maxima were observed for aerogel samples. Maximum entropy analysis using a spherical shape factor produced interesting but complex results for the calculated volume size distributions of these materials. Overall, the observed trend shows an increase in structural feature size with increasing metal cation size. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 38 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1107/S0021889805015244 PN 4 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 946UH UT WOS:000230598200006 ER PT J AU Zhang, PF Liu, S Xu, Q AF Zhang, PF Liu, S Xu, Q TI Identifying Doppler velocity contamination caused by migrating birds. Part I: Feature extraction and quantification SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D AB Radar echoes from migrating birds can severely contaminate Doppler velocity measurements. For meteorological applications, especially quantitative applications in radar data assimilation, it is necessary to remove bird-contaminated velocity scans by using an automated identification technique. Such a technique should be also useful for ornithologists in selecting bird echoes automatically from radar scans. This technique can be developed in two steps: (i) extract the main features of migrating-bird echoes from reflectivity and Doppler velocity images and find proper parameters to quantify these features; (ii) utilize these parameters to develop an automated quality control procedure to identify and flag migrating-bird-contaminated Doppler velocity scans (sweeps). The first step is accomplished in this study (Part I) by identifying possible migrating-bird echoes in the level II data collected from the Oklahoma KTLX radar during the 2003 spring migrating season. The identifications are further verified by polarimetric radar measurements from the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) KOUN radar, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) IR images, and rawinsonde measurements. Three proper parameters are found, and their histograms are prepared for the second step of development (reported in Part II). C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1175/JTECH1757.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000001 ER PT J AU Liu, S Xu, Q Zhang, PF AF Liu, S Xu, Q Zhang, PF TI Identifying Doppler velocity contamination caused by migrating birds. Part II: Bayes identification and probability tests SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D AB Based on the Bayesian statistical decision theory, a probabilistic quality control (QC) technique is developed to identify and flag migrating-bird-contaminated sweeps of level II velocity scans at the lowest elevation angle using the QC parameters presented in Part I. The QC technique can use either each single QC parameter or all three in combination. The single-parameter QC technique is shown to be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of each QC parameter based on the smallness of the tested percentages of wrong decision by using the ground truth information (if available) or based on the smallness of the estimated probabilities of wrong decision (if there is no ground truth information). The multiparameter QC technique is demonstrated to be much better than any of the three single-parameter QC techniques, as indicated by the very small value of the tested percentages of wrong decision for no-flag decisions (not contaminated by migrating birds). Since the averages of the estimated probabilities of wrong decision are quite close to the tested percentages of wrong decision, they can provide useful information about the probability of wrong decision when the multiparameter QC technique is used for real applications (with no ground truth information). C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Cooper Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1114 EP 1121 DI 10.1175/JTECH1758.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000002 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, SE Melnikov, VM Schuur, TJ AF Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, SE Melnikov, VM Schuur, TJ TI Calibration issues of dual-polarization radar measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISDROMETER; RAINDROPS; SHAPE AB Techniques for the absolute calibration of radar reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity Z(DR) measured with dual-polarization weather radars are examined herein. Calibration of Z is based on the idea of self-consistency among Z, Z(DR), and the specific differential phase K-DP in rain. Extensive spatial and temporal averaging is used to derive the average values of Z(DR) and K-DP for each 1 dB step in Z. Such averaging substantially reduces the standard error of the K-DP estimate so the technique can be used for a wide range of rain intensities, including light rain. In this paper, the performance of different consistency relations is analyzed and a new self-consistency methodology is suggested. The proposed scheme substantially reduces the impact of variability in the drop size distribution and raindrop shape on the quality of the Z calibration. The Pew calibration technique was tested on a large polarimetric dataset obtained during the Joint Polarization Experiment in Oklahoma and yielded an accuracy of Z calibration within 1 dB. Absolute calibration of ZDR is performed using solar measurements at orthogonal polarizations and polarimetric properties of natural targets like light rain and dry aggregated snow that are probed at high elevation angles. Because vertical sounding is prohibited for operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars because of mechanical constraints, the existing methodology for ZDR calibration is mod ified for nonzenith elevation angles. It is shown that the required 0.1-0.2-dB accuracy of the ZDR calibration is potentially achievable. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 32 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1138 EP 1155 DI 10.1175/JTECH1772.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000004 ER PT J AU Giangrande, SE Ryzhkov, AV AF Giangrande, SE Ryzhkov, AV TI Calibration of dual-polarization radar in the presence of partial beam blockage SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER RADAR; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; PROPAGATION AB In the presence of partial beam blockage (PBB), weather radar measurements can experience significant bias that directly compromises the accuracy of the hydrologic applications. Techniques for the calibration of the radar reflectivity factor Z and differential reflectivity Z(DR,) measured with dual-polarization weather radars in the presence of partial beam obstruction, are examined in this paper. The proposed ZDR calibration technique utilizes radar measurements of ZDR in light rain and dry aggregated snow at unblocked and blocked elevations. This calibration technique was tested for the National Severe Storms Laboratory's (NSSL's) Cimarron radar that suffers from PBB, and a polarimetric prototype of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) that does not experience PBB. Results indicate that the ZDR bias that is associated with PBB can be calibrated with an accuracy of 0.2-0.3 dB, provided that the dataset is sufficiently large. Calibration of Z in the presence of PBB is based on the idea of self-consistency among Z, ZDR, and the specific differential phase K-DP in rain. The self-consistency calibration of Z from the Cimarron radar is performed following an area-time integral method. Integration is partitioned into small azimuthal sectors to assess the azimuthal modulation of the Z bias. The suggested technique is validated by direct comparisons of reflectivity factors that are measured by the Cimarron radar and the unobstructed operational WSR-88D radar. It is shown that the azimuthal modulation of Z that is caused by PBB is well captured, and the accuracy of the Z calibration is within 2-3 dB. C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Giangrande, SE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM scott.giangrande@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1156 EP 1166 DI 10.1175/JTECH1766.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000005 ER PT J AU Adachi, A Kobayashi, T Gage, KS Carter, DA Hartten, LM Clark, WL Fukuda, M AF Adachi, A Kobayashi, T Gage, KS Carter, DA Hartten, LM Clark, WL Fukuda, M TI Evaluation of three-beam and four-beam profiler wind measurement techniques using a five-beam wind profiler and collocated meteorological tower SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR MEASUREMENTS; VERTICAL VELOCITIES; RADIAL-VELOCITY; MOTION; REFLECTIVITY; STATISTICS; SCATTERING; GRADIENTS; ERRORS; RASS AB In this paper a five-beam wind profiler and a collocated meteorological tower are used to estimate the accuracy of four-beam and three-beam wind profiler techniques in measuring horizontal components of the wind. In the traditional three-beam technique, the horizontal components of wind are derived from two orthogonal oblique beams and the vertical beam. In the less used four-beam method, the horizontal winds are found from the radial velocities measured with two orthogonal sets of opposing coplanar beams. In this paper the observations derived from the two wind profiler techniques are compared with the tower measurements using data averaged over 30 min. Results show that, while the winds measured using both methods are in overall agreement with the tower measurements, some of the horizontal components of the three-beam-derived winds are clearly spurious when compared with the tower-measured winds or the winds derived from the four oblique beams. These outliers are partially responsible for a larger 30-min, three-beam standard deviation of the profiler/tower wind speed differences (2.2 m s(-1)), as opposed to that from the four-beam method (1.2 m s(-1)). It was also found that many of these outliers were associated with periods of transition between clear air and rain, suggesting that the three-beam technique is more sensitive to small-scale variability in the vertical Doppler velocity because of its reliance on the point measurement from the vertical beam, while the four-beam method is surprisingly robust. Even after the removal of the rain data, the standard deviation of the wind speed error from the three-beam method (1.5 m s(-1)) is still much larger than that from the four-beam method. Taken together, these results suggest that the spatial variability of the vertical airflow in nonrainy periods or hydrometeor fall velocities in rainy periods makes the vertical beam velocities significantly less representative over the area across the three beams, and decreases the precision of the three-beam method. It is concluded that profilers utilizing the four-beam wind profiler technique have better reliability than wind profilers that rely on the three-beam wind profiler technique. C1 Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM aadachi@mri-jma.go.jp RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1167 EP 1180 DI 10.1175/JTECH1777.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000006 ER PT J AU Teplyakov, A Obmolova, G Toedt, J Galperin, MY Gilliland, GL AF Teplyakov, A Obmolova, G Toedt, J Galperin, MY Gilliland, GL TI Crystal structure of the bacterial YhcH protein indicates a role in sialic acid catabolism SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID; MENINGITIDIS GROUP-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; QUERCETIN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; RHAMNOSE PATHWAY; SUPERFAMILY AB The yhcH gene is part of the nan operon in bacteria that encodes proteins involved in sialic acid catabolism. Determination of the crystal structure of YhcH from Haemophilus influenzae was undertaken as part of a structural genomics effort in order to assist with the functional assignment of the protein. The structure was determined at 2.2-angstrom resolution by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction. The protein fold is a variation of the double-stranded beta-helix. Two antiparallel beta-sheets form a funnel opened at one side, where a putative active site contains a copper ion coordinated to the side chains of two histidine and two carboxylic acid residues. A comparison to other proteins with a similar fold and analysis of the genomic context suggested that YhcH may lie a sugar isomerase involved in processing of exogenous sialic acid. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Teplyakov, A (reprint author), Centocor Inc, 145 King Prussia Rd, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. EM ATeplyak@cntus.jnj.com RI Galperin, Michael/B-5859-2013; OI Galperin, Michael/0000-0002-2265-5572; Teplyakov, Alexey/0000-0003-0296-0016 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 LM999999]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM057890, P01-GM57890] NR 63 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 187 IS 16 BP 5520 EP 5527 DI 10.1128/JB.187.16.5520-5527.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 952SQ UT WOS:000231026200002 PM 16077096 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Leetmaa, A Nath, MJ Wang, HL AF Lau, NC Leetmaa, A Nath, MJ Wang, HL TI Influences of ENSO-induced Indo-Western Pacific SST anomalies on extratropical atmospheric variability during the boreal summer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; OCEAN; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; TELECONNECTIONS; BRIDGE; MODEL; PROJECT AB The causes for the observed occurrence of anomalous zonally symmetric upper-level pressure ridges in the midlatitude belts of both hemispheres during the year after warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have been investigated. Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indo-western Pacific (IWP) sector were simulated by allowing an oceanic mixed layer model for that region to interact with local atmospheric changes forced remotely by observed ENSO episodes in the eastern/central tropical Pacific. The spatiotemporal evolution of these SST conditions through a composite ENSO cycle was then inserted as lower boundary conditions within the IWP domain in an ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) integrations. This experimental setup is seen to reproduce zonally symmetric geopotential height anomalies with maximum amplitudes being attained over the extratropics in the boreal summer after the peak phase of ENSO. The model evidence hence supports the notion that these global-scale atmospheric changes are primarily responses to SST perturbations in IWP, which are in turn linked to ENSO variability in the equatorial Pacific by the "atmospheric bridge" mechanism. Experimentation with a stationary wave model indicates that the Eastern Hemisphere portion of the aforementioned atmospheric signals are attributable to forcing by tropical heat sources and sinks associated with precipitation anomalies in the IWP region, which are closely related to the underlying SST changes. Diagnosis of the output from the GCM integrations reveals that these circulation changes due to diabatic heating are accompanied by alterations of the propagation path and intensity of the high-frequency eddies at locations farther downstream. The geopotential tendencies associated with the latter disturbances bear some resemblance to the anomalous height pattern in the Western Hemisphere. Such local eddy-mean flow feedbacks hence contribute to the zonal symmetry of the atmospheric response pattern to forcing in the IWP region. Analysis of zonally averaged circulation statistics indicates that the mean meridional circulation induced by divergence of anomalous transient eddy momentum fluxes in ENSO events could also generate zonally symmetric perturbations in midlatitudes. The model-simulated precipitation and surface temperature anomalies in the North American sector in response to SST changes in IWP suggest an increased frequency of droughts and heat waves in that region during the summer season after warm ENSO events. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2922 EP 2942 DI 10.1175/JCLI3445.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962NA UT WOS:000231738300008 ER PT J AU Wylie, D Jackson, DL Menzel, WP Bates, JJ AF Wylie, D Jackson, DL Menzel, WP Bates, JJ TI Trends in global cloud cover in two decades of HIRS observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE SOUNDERS 3I; IMAGERS ISCCP AB The frequency of cloud detection and the frequency with which these clouds are found in the upper troposphere have been extracted from NOAA High Resolution Infrared Radiometer Sounder (HIRS) polar-orbiting satellite data from 1979 to 2001. The HIRS/2 sensor was flown on nine satellites from the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-Next Generation (TIROS-N) through NOAA-14, forming a 22-yr record. Carbon dioxide slicing was used to infer cloud amount and height. Trends in cloud cover and high-cloud frequency were found to be small in these data. High clouds show a small but statistically significant increase in the Tropics and the Northern Hemisphere. The HIRS analysis contrasts with the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), which shows a decrease in both total cloud cover and high clouds during most of this period. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, ETL, Asheville, NC USA. RP Wylie, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Don.Wylie@ssec.wisc.edu RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 11 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 15 BP 3021 EP 3031 DI 10.1175/JCLI3461.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962NA UT WOS:000231738300014 ER PT J AU Norman, AI Ho, DL Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Norman, AI Ho, DL Karim, A Amis, EJ TI Phase behavior of block co-poly (ethylene oxide-butylene oxide), E18B9 in water, by small angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE micelles; SANS; block copolymers; PDDF; aqueous ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER GEL; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; 1,2-BUTYLENE OXIDE; SHEAR-FLOW; OXYETHYLENE; MESOPHASES; MICELLIZATION; ASSOCIATION AB We present a small angle neutron scattering (SANS) study into the micellar structures of diblock copolymer E18B9 (where E denotes a ethylene oxide unit and B denotes a butylene oxide unit, 18 and 9 being the number of repeat units respectively) in aqueous solution over a range of five different concentrations (0.2, 1.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 40.0% (by mass fraction)) and eight temperatures (10 to 90 degrees C). The NG7 30 m SANS instrument provides a q range of 0.0009 to 0.5548 angstrom(-1), thus probing the structure over a very broad length scale. At low temperature and low concentration, spherical micelles exist, elongating into worm-like structures at higher temperatures. This transition is observed by the scaling of the scattered intensity at low q and confirmed upon fitting to an appropriate model. Upon increasing concentration, the micelles pack into ordered arrays of either hexagonally packed rod-like micelles or lamellar sheets, again dependent on temperature. Both concentration and temperature effects of this block copolymer have been discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Norman, AI (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anorman1@umd.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 288 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.02.091 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 936NB UT WOS:000229861600021 PM 15927574 ER PT J AU Goldstein, T Mazet, JAK Lowenstine, LJ Gulland, FMD Rowles, TK King, DP Aldridge, BM Stott, JL AF Goldstein, T Mazet, JAK Lowenstine, LJ Gulland, FMD Rowles, TK King, DP Aldridge, BM Stott, JL TI Tissue distribution of phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) in infected harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the central Californian coast and a comparison of diagnostic methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE harbour seal; Phoca vitulina; phocine herpesvirus-1; viral infection ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CANINE HERPESVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; RICHARDSII; OUTBREAK; GANGLIA; HORSES AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the tissue distribution of phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) DNA in 20 stranded Pacific harbour seals (17 pups and three seals older than one year) that died during rehabilitation. The aim was to begin to define stages of infection and to investigate the relation between the presence of PhHV-1 in tissues, histological lesions and serology. PhHV-1 DNA was detected in a wide range of tissues from 10/17 pups and 3/3 subadults or adults. Different clinical patterns emerged from the examination of ante- and post-mortem samples. These patterns probably represented pups with active PhHV-1 infection, pups recovering from infection, and older harbour seals with chronic, reactivated infection. As PhHV-1 DNA was detected in tissues in the absence of typical histological lesions in seven seals and in the absence of PhHV-1 specific antibodies in four seals, it is clear that both histological examination and serology underestimate the presence of infection. These results showed that infection can occur in the absence of obvious disease and that seroconversion may be associated with clinical recovery. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Goldstein, T (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 1065 Ft Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; OI King, Donald/0000-0002-6959-2708 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG-OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.04.006 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 960DL UT WOS:000231570300010 PM 16045920 ER PT J AU Neer, JA Thompson, BA Carlson, JK AF Neer, JA Thompson, BA Carlson, JK TI Age and growth of Carcharhinus leucas in the northern Gulf of Mexico: incorporating variability in size at birth SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age and growth; bull shark; Carcharhinus leucas; life history; parameter estimation; Monte-Carlo simulation ID LIFE-HISTORY; SHARPNOSE SHARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; BULL SHARK; CALIFORNICA; PRECISION; CURVE; TESTS AB Age and growth rates of bull shark Carcharhinus lettcas [n = 255; 555-2230 mm fork length (L-F)] from the northern Gulf of Mexico were estimated from ring counts on vertebral sections collected from fishery-dependent and -independent surveys. Two growth models were fitted to observed data: the von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) with to as the third parameter and a modified version of the VBGM using a fixed size-at-birth intercept as the third parameter. To address the variability in size-at-birth, a Monte Carlo simulation was incorporated into the size-at-birth intercept. The sex-specific growth models were not significantly different, allowing a sexes combined model to be generated. The traditional VBGM predicted a theoretical maximum size (L-infinity) of 3007(.)1 mm L-F, a growth coefficient (K) of 0(.)042 year(-1) and a theoretical age at zero length (t(0)) of -6(.)844 years. The modified VBGM with a fixed size-at-birth intercept of 565 mm LF predicted an L-infinity of 2289(.)2 mm L-F and a K value of 0(.)089 year(-1). When comparing model estimates to previously published information, the traditional VBGM predicted a significantly lower theoretical maximum size and a higher growth coefficient than those produced using data collected during the 1980s. Overall, results obtained using the VBGM with a fixed size-at-birth produced more biologically realistic parameters than that of the VBGM with to. The Monte-Carlo simulation incorporating variability in size-at-birth produced similar results to the VBGM using a fixed size-at-birth. This study provides the first attempt to incorporate variability at size-at-birth and provide measurements of variability around the individual parameter estimates for an elasmobranch. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Neer, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jneer1@lsu.edu NR 38 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 370 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00743.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960OT UT WOS:000231603700003 ER PT J AU Hulbert, LB Aires-Da-Silva, AM Gallucci, VF Rice, JS AF Hulbert, LB Aires-Da-Silva, AM Gallucci, VF Rice, JS TI Seasonal foraging movements and migratory patterns of female Lamna ditropis tagged in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Lamna ditropis; migration; movements; salmon shark; satellite tagging ID SHARKS; GULF; ELASMOBRANCHS AB Conventional and electronic tags were used to investigate social segregation, distribution, movements and migrations of salmon sharks Lamna ditropis in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Sixteen salmon sharks were tagged with satellite transmitters and 246 with conventional tags following capture, and were then released in Prince William Sound during summer 1999 to 2001. Most salmon sharks sexed during the study were female (95%), suggesting a high degree of sexual segregation in the region. Salmon sharks congregated at adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. migration routes and in bays near Pacific salmon spawning grounds in Prince William Sound during July and August. Adult Pacific salmon were the principal prey in 51 salmon shark stomachs collected during summer months in Prince William Sound, but the fish appeared to be opportunistic predators and consumed sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, gadids, Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, rockfish Sebastes spp. and squid (Teuthoidea) even when adult Pacific salmon were locally abundant. As Pacific salmon migrations declined in late summer, the salmon sharks dispersed; some continued to forage in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska into autumn and winter months, while others rapidly moved south-east thousands of kilometres toward the west coasts of Canada and the U.S. Three movement modes are proposed to explain the movement patterns observed in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern North Pacific Ocean: 'focal foraging' movements, 'foraging dispersals' and 'direct migrations'. Patterns of salmon shark movement are possibly explained by spatio-temporal changes in prey quality and density, an energetic trade-off between prey availability and water temperature, intra-specific competition for food and reproductive success. Transmissions from the electronic tags also provided data on depth and water temperatures experienced by the salmon sharks. The fish ranged from the surface to a depth of 668 m, encountered water temperatures from 4(.)0 to 16(.)8 degrees C and generally spent the most time above 40 m depth and between 6 and 14 degrees C (60 and 73%, respectively). (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hulbert, LB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, POB 25526,1255 W 8th St, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM lee_hulbert@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 490 EP 509 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00757.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960OT UT WOS:000231603700011 ER PT J AU Sakuma, KM Taylor, CA Watson, W AF Sakuma, KM Taylor, CA Watson, W TI Pigment variability in larval Sebastes jordani off central California SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE early life history; pigmentation; Sebastes larvae ID GENUS SEBASTES; ROCKFISH; SCORPAENIDAE; JUVENILES; SEQUENCE; OREGON AB Atypical pigment was observed in pre-flexion, flexion and post-flexion larval Sebastes collected off central California in 1991 and 1992 that otherwise resembled Sebastes jordani. Atypical pigment occurred on the axillary region at the base of the pectoral fin (most prominent on the inner edge of the pectoral fin base adjacent to the gut), on the median and distal regions of the pectoral fin and on the median and distal regions of the pelvic fin. In addition, lower and upper jaw pigment was observed at a much smaller size in these specimens than previously described in the literature. Identifications of these atypical specimens as S. jordani were confirmed using meristic and otolith characters as well as mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The ontogenetic variability of S. jordani is described. Specimens collected north of Point Conception were more pigmented than larval S. jordani described in the literature (collected predominately south of Point Conception), suggesting geographic variation in pigment development during the larval stage. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sakuma, KM (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM keith.sakuma@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 510 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00758.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960OT UT WOS:000231603700012 ER PT J AU Buchheister, A Wilson, MT AF Buchheister, A Wilson, MT TI Shrinkage correction and length conversion equations for Theragra chalcogramma, Mallotus villosus and Thaleichthys pacificus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass loss; capelin; eulachon; length conversion; shrinkage; walleye pollock ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; YELLOW PERCH; FORMALIN; WEIGHT; LARVAE; PRESERVATION; ETHANOL; ALCOHOL; BODY; FORMALDEHYDE AB Preservation of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, capelin Mallottts villosus and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus by freezing decreased fork length (L-F) up to 1(.)8, 5(.)6 and 2(.)7% and reduced mass by up to 8(.)4, 3(.)5 and 1.1%, respectively. Shrinkage of walleye pollock standard length (L-S) was greater for fish in 95% ethanol v. 5% formalin and for fish in 10% formalin nu. frozen. Equations describing the shrinkage and loss in mass for these species are presented as well as conversions between different length measurements (L-S, L-F and total length, L-T) for fishes that were frozen. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Buchheister, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andre.buchheister@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00741.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960OT UT WOS:000231603700015 ER PT J AU Leftwich, TE von Frese, RRB Potts, LV Kim, HR Roman, DR Taylor, PT Barton, M AF Leftwich, TE von Frese, RRB Potts, LV Kim, HR Roman, DR Taylor, PT Barton, M TI Crustal modeling of the North Atlantic from spectrally correlated free-air and terrain gravity SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic; Iceland; Greenland-Scotland Ridge; gravity; crust; moho ID ICELAND RIDGE EXPERIMENT; BANK CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; HEAT-FLOW; PARTIAL MELT; UPPER-MANTLE; RIFT-ZONE; SKAERGAARD INTRUSION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; BENEATH ICELAND AB We investigate the use of the correlations between free-air and terrain gravity for extending critical, but spatially restricted seismic constraints on the crust of the North Atlantic region. In this tectonically complicated area, we spectrally correlate spherical coordinate free-air gravity anomalies against computed gravity effects of the terrain at 20 km altitude for regional crustal thickness variations. However, at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, thermal plume, and rift zones of Iceland, our gravity Moho estimates are deeper than the seismic estimates to suggest local reductions of upper mantle density. Invoking thermal expansion, partial melting, and related mantle depletion effectively accounts for the reductions that range up to a few percent of mantle density. The resultant North Atlantic crustal model conforms well to regional seismic constraints. Crustal thickness estimates for Iceland ranging from 25 to 35 km are consistent with seismic predictions of a thickened crust. However, about the plume and rift zones, temperatures approaching the basalt solidus may reach depths up to about 20 km. Continental crust extending from the Jan Mayen Platform to the eastern Iceland Plateau appears to have rifted off eastern Greenland by magnetic chron 7 (ca. 2628 Ma). A now obscure transform boundary on the Iceland Plateau that may include a rift or fault separating the southeastern Iceland Plateau from the rest of the plateau transformed Reykjanes Ridge spreading from the extinct Aegir Ridge. Thickened crust extends up to 500 km across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. Prominent necking of our crustal thickness estimates for the Greenland-Iceland Ridge immediately west and east of the Iceland Plateau may reflect the reduction in the strength of the Icelandic Plume at ca. 26-28 Ma. However, our results also map the broad, thickened crust of the Iceland Plateau and prominent Reykjanes Ridge that developed with the resurgence of the Icelandic Plume at ca. 25 Ma. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Leftwich, TE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM leftwich.12@osu.edu; vonfrese@osu.edu; potts.3@osu.edu; kimhr@cored.gsfc.nasa.gov; droman@ngs.noaa.gov; Patrick.Taylor@nasa.gov; barton.2@osu.edu RI Taylor, Patrick/D-4707-2012 OI Taylor, Patrick/0000-0002-1212-9384 NR 86 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 23 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jog.2005.05.001 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 988UJ UT WOS:000233626200002 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Gotoda, H Kashiwagi, T AF Manzello, SL Gotoda, H Kashiwagi, T TI Non-piloted ignition visualization on a thin poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) surface SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Heat Transfer Photogallery CY NOV 13-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP IMECE, K 22 Heat Transfer Visualizat Comm C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2005 VL 127 IS 8 BP 811 EP 811 DI 10.1115/1.2033317 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 963XL UT WOS:000231839600015 ER PT J AU Luo, Y Berbery, EH Mitchell, KE AF Luo, Y Berbery, EH Mitchell, KE TI The operational eta model precipitation and surface hydrologic cycle of the Columbia and Colorado basins SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; RIVER-BASIN; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION; NATIONAL CENTERS; REGIONAL CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES AB The surface hydrology of the United States' western basins is investigated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Eta Model forecasts. During recent years the model has been subject to changes and upgrades that positively affected its performance. These effects on the surface hydrologic cycle are discussed by analyzing the period June 1995-May 2003. Prior to the model assessment, three gauge-based precipitation analyses that are potential sources of model validation are appraised. A fairly large disparity between the gridded precipitation analyses is found in the long-term area averages over the Columbia basin (similar to 23% difference) and over the Colorado basin (similar to 12% difference). These discrepancies are due to the type of analysis scheme employed and whether an orographic correction was applied. The basin-averaged Eta Model precipitation forecasts correlate well with the observations at monthly time scales and, after 1999, show a small bias. Over the Columbia basin, the model precipitation bias is typically positive. This bias is significantly smaller with respect to orographically corrected precipitation analyses, indicating that the model's large-scale precipitation processes respond reasonably well to orographic effects, though manifesting a higher bias during the cool season. Over the Colorado basin. the model precipitation bias is typically negative, and notably more so with respect to 1) the orographically corrected precipitation analyses and 2) the warm season, indicating shortfalls in the convection scheme over arid high mountains. The mean fields of the hydrological variables in the Eta Model are in qualitative agreement with those from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrologic model at regional-to-large scales. As expected, the largest differences are found near mountains and the western coastline. While the mean fields of precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and normalized soil moisture are in general agreement, important differences arise in their mean annual cycle over the two basins: snowmelt in the Eta Model precedes that of VIC by 2 months, and this phase shift is also reflected in the other variables. In the last 3-4 yr of the study period, notable improvements are evident in the quality of the model's precipitation forecast and in the reduction of the residual term of the surface water balance, suggesting that at least similar (or better) quality will be found in studies based on NCEP's recently completed Eta Model-based North American regional reanalysis. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Berbery, EH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, ESSIC, 3427 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM berbery@atmos.umd.edu RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010 OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 341 EP 370 DI 10.1175/JHM435.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970JR UT WOS:000232304500001 ER PT J AU Lu, CH Kanamitsu, M Roads, JO Ebisuzaki, W Mitchell, KE Lohmann, D AF Lu, CH Kanamitsu, M Roads, JO Ebisuzaki, W Mitchell, KE Lohmann, D TI Evaluation of soil moisture in the NCEP-NCAR and NCEP-DOE global reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; WATER; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; HYDROLOGY; PROJECT; PHASE; PREDICTABILITY AB This study compares soil moisture analyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) global reanalysis (R-1) and the later NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) global reanalysis (R-2). The R-1 soil moisture is strongly controlled by nudging it to a prescribed climatology, whereas the R-2 soil moisture is adjusted according to differences between in model-generated and observed precipitation. While mean soil moisture fields from R-I and R-2 show many geographic similarities, there are some major differences. This study uses in situ observations from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank to evaluate the two global reanalysis products. In general, R-2 does a better job of simulating interannual variations, the mean seasonal cycle, and the persistence of soil moisture, when compared to observations. However. the R-2 reanalysis does not necessarily represent observed soil moisture characteristics well in all aspects. Sometimes R-I provides a better soil moisture analysis on monthly time scales, which is likely a consequence of the deficiencies in the R-2 surface water balance. C1 NOAA NWS NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Campinas, MD 20746 USA. RP Lu, CH (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Campinas, MD 20746 USA. EM Sarah.Lu@noaa.gov RI Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu/N-6998-2014 OI Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu/0000-0002-3918-1166 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1175/JHM427.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970JR UT WOS:000232304500003 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Sun, SF Lau, KM Ji, JJ Poccard, I Zhang, RH Kang, HS Wu, GX Schaake, JC Zhang, JY Jiao, YJ AF Xue, YK Sun, SF Lau, KM Ji, JJ Poccard, I Zhang, RH Kang, HS Wu, GX Schaake, JC Zhang, JY Jiao, YJ TI Multiscale variability of the river runoff system in China and its long-term link to precipitation and sea surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; EL-NINO; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB This is an exploratory study to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of east China's (EC) river runoff and their relationship with precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) at the continental scale. Monthly mean data from 72 runoff stations and 160 precipitation stations in EC, covering a period between 1951 and 1983, are used for this study. The station river runoff data have been spatially interpolated onto 1 degrees grid boxes as runoff depth based on an extracted drainage network. Comparing runoff depth with precipitation shows that seasonal variation in runoff is consistent with the development of the summer monsoon, including the delayed response of runoff in several subregions. The dominant spatial scales and temporal patterns of summer runoff and precipitation are studied with empirical orthogonal function.(EOF) analysis and wavelet analyses. The analyses show interannual, biennial, and longer-term variations in the EOF modes. South-north dipole anomaly patterns for the first two runoff EOF's spatial distributions have been identified. The first/second runoff principal components (PCs) are highly correlated with the second/ first precipitation PCs, respectively. The summer runoff's EOF PCs also show significant correlations with the multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation index (MEI) of the summer and winter months, while the summer precipitation PCs do not. Statistic analysis shows that EOF1 of runoff and EOF2 of precipitation are related to El Nino, while EOF2 of runoff and EOF1 of precipitation are related to a dipole SST anomaly over the northwestern Pacific. The interdecadal relationship between summer runoff, precipitation, and SST variability is further studied by singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. Pronounced warming (SST) and drying (runoff) trends in first SVD PCs have been identified. These SVDs are used to reconstruct a decadal anomaly pattern, which produces flooding in part of the Chang Jiang River basin and dryness in the northern EC, consistent with observations. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Minist Hydraul Engn & Water Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 550 EP 570 DI 10.1175/JHM439.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970JR UT WOS:000232304500013 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Bhowmick, S Lawn, BR AF Zhang, Y Bhowmick, S Lawn, BR TI Competing fracture modes in brittle materials subject to concentrated cyclic loading in liquid environments: Monoliths SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HERTZIAN CONTACT DAMAGE; LAYER STRUCTURES; STATIC FATIGUE; CERAMICS; INDENTATION; SPHERES; DESIGN; CRACKS; GLASS AB The competition between fracture modes in monolithic brittle materials loaded in cyclic contact in aqueous environments with curved indenters is examined. Three main modes are identified: conventional outer cone cracks, which form outside the maximum contact; inner cone cracks, which form within the contact; and median-radial cracking, which form below the contact. Relations describing short-crack initiation and long-crack propagation stages as a function of number of cycles, based on slow crack growth within the Hertzian field, are presented. Superposed mechanical driving forces-hydraulic pumping in the case of inner cone cracks and quasiplasticity in the case of median-radials-are recognized as critically important modifying elements in the initial and intermediate crack growth. Ultimately, at large numbers of cycles, the cracks enter the far field and tend asymptotically to a simple, common relation for center-loaded pennylike configurations driven by slow crack growth. Crack growth data illustrating each mode are obtained for thick soda-lime glass plates indented with tungsten carbide spheres in cyclic loading in water, for a range of maximum contact loads and sphere radii. Generally in the glass, outer cone cracks form first but are subsequently outgrown in depth as cycling proceeds by inner cones and, especially, radial cracks. The latter two crack types are considered especially dangerous in biomechanical applications (dental crowns, hip replacements) where ceramic layers of finite thickness are used as load-bearing components. The roles of test variables (contact load, sphere radius) and material properties (hardness, modulus, toughness) in determining the relative importance of each fracture mode are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2021 EP 2029 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0276 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 953CW UT WOS:000231054800012 ER PT J AU Aldener, M Brown, SS Stark, H Daniel, JS Ravishankara, AR AF Aldener, M Brown, SS Stark, H Daniel, JS Ravishankara, AR TI Near-IR absorption of water vapor: Pressure dependence of line strengths and an upper limit for continuum absorption SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE water vapor; linestrength; continuum; near-IR; cavity ringdown ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY RING; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTRUM; DATABASE; REGION; NM; COEFFICIENTS; CM(-1); AIR AB Water vapor absorption cross-sections in the near-infrared region (10500-10800 cm(-1)) were measured using cavity ringdown spectroscopy. Linestrengths were measured for several absorption lines around 10604 cm(-1) (943 nm) between 500 and 850 Torr of N-2 and found to be independent of pressure. Our measured linestrengths of these individual lines agree well with values from databases such as HITRAN and the ESA-WVR, which are currently used for atmospheric calculations, but the integrated strength over the entire measured spectral region is slightly larger than that contained in these databases. Water vapor pressure-broadening coefficients due to nitrogen were also estimated from these measurements. The absorption due to water vapor continuum was determined to be less than (9.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-27) cm(2) molecule(-1) at 11500 cm(-1). This measured upper limit, though larger than the estimated values from continuum models, would not contribute significantly to the calculated radiation absorption in this wavelength region. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.R.Ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 232 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2005.04.011 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 949EW UT WOS:000230768700010 ER PT J AU Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA AF Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA TI September 11, 2001, airliner crash into the Pentagon SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE terrorism; Virginia; buildings; office; collisions; aircraft; fires AB The Pentagon was constructed between September 1941 and January 1943. A substantial renovation of the entire 6.6 million sq ft (610,000 sq m) facility began in 1999 and is scheduled for completion in 2010. On September 11, 2001, a hijacked commercial airliner crashed into the building. One-hundred eighty-nine persons were killed and a portion of the building was damaged by the associated impact, deflagration, and fire. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Arson & Explos Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mlakar, PF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM paul.f.mlakar@erdc.usace.army.mil; dodusenberry@sgh.com; jim.harris@jrharrisandco.com; gahaynes@atfhq.atf.treas.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; sozen@cerico.ecn.purdue.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1061/(ACSE)0887-3828(2005)19:3(189) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HQ UT WOS:000230707100003 ER PT J AU Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA AF Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA TI Description of structural damage caused by the terrorist attack on the Pentagon SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE terrorism; damage assessment; Virginia; buildings; office; structural analysis AB On September 11, 2001, an airliner was intentionally crashed into the Pentagon. It struck at the first elevated slab on the west wall, and slid approximately 310 ft (94.5 m) diagonally into the building. The force of the collision demolished numerous columns and the facade of the exterior wall, and induced damage to first-floor columns and the first elevated slab over an area approximately 90 ft (27.4 m) wide and 310 ft (94.5 m) long. None of the building collapsed immediately. The portion that remained standing, even after an intense fire, sustained substantial damage at the first-floor level. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Arson & Explos Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mlakar, PF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM paul.f.mlakar@erdc.usace.army.mil; dodusenberry@sgh.com; jim.harris@jrharrisandco.com; gahaynes@atfhq.atf.treas.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; sozen@cerico.een.purdue.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1061/(ACSE)0887-3828(2005)19:3(197) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HQ UT WOS:000230707100004 ER PT J AU Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA AF Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA TI Toughness of the Pentagon structure SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE terrorism; Virginia; buildings; office; collisions; structural analysis; structural reliability AB On September 11, 2001, the reinforced concrete structure of the Pentagon Building was able to resist, without collapse, the impact of a large commercial airliner despite the total loss of 26 columns and severe damage to 15 columns at the ground level. The ensuing fire and related fire-fighting activities led to the collapse of a portion of the building approximately one-half hour after the impact. In this paper, the reasons for the demonstrated toughness of the reinforced concrete structure are examined and attributed to use of spiral columns, effective splicing of reinforcing bars, strong girders, and short span lengths. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Arson & Explos Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mlakar, PF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM paul.f.mlakar@erde.usace.army.mil; dodusenberry@sgh.com; jim.harris@jrharrisandco.com; gahaynes@atfhq.atf.treas.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; sozen@cerico.ecn.purdue.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1061/(ACSE)0887-3828(2005)19:3(206) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HQ UT WOS:000230707100005 ER PT J AU Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA AF Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA TI Response to fire exposure of the Pentagon structural elements SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE terrorism; Virginia; buildings; office; structural analysis; structural elements; damage assessment AB An overview of fire damage sustained by the Pentagon structural elements in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack is provided. The fire intensity in some compartments of the affected areas inside the Pentagon was approximated to be between those of the two standard fire exposures ASTM E119 and E1529, based on the observed fire damage and estimated fuel load. Thermal analyses of the structural columns and beams were performed using the standard fire exposures to demonstrate the increased vulnerability of these structural elements once the concrete cover was lost. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Arson & Explos Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mlakar, PF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM paul.f.mlakar@erdc.usace.army.mil; dodusenberry@sgh.com; jim.harris@jrharrisandco.com; gahaynes@atfhq.atf.treas.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; sozen@cerico.ecn.purdue.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2005)19:3(212) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HQ UT WOS:000230707100006 ER PT J AU Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA AF Mlakar, PF Dusenberry, DO Harris, JR Haynes, G Phan, LT Sozen, MA TI Conclusions and recommendations from the Pentagon crash SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE terrorism; Virginia; buildings; office; collisions; remedial action; structural reliability AB The devastation in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the Pentagon was reduced by the building's resilient structural system. The continuity, redundancy, and energy-absorbing capacity embodied in this system should be incorporated in structures whose resistance to progressive collapse is important. Research should be conducted in the practical implementation of these measures for mitigation. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. JR Harris & Co, Denver, CO 80203 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco o& Firearms, Arson & Explos Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mlakar, PF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM paul.f.mlakar@erdc.usace.army.mil; dodusenberry@sgh.com; jim.harris@jrharrisandco.com; gahaynes@atfhq.atf.treas.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; sozen@cerico.ecn.purdue.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1061/(ACSE)0887-3828(2005)19:3(220) PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 948HQ UT WOS:000230707100007 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A Alexander, MA Deser, C Miller, AJ AF Capotondi, A Alexander, MA Deser, C Miller, AJ TI Low-frequency pycnocline variability in the northeast Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC TRANSPORT; ALASKAN STREAM; ROSSBY WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN; MODEL; CIRCULATION; DRIVEN; ANOMALIES AB The output from an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) driven by observed surface forcing is used in conjunction with simpler dynamical models to examine the physical mechanisms responsible for interannual to interdecadal pycnocline variability in the northeast Pacific Ocean during 1958-97, a period that includes the 1976-77 climate shift. After 1977 the pycnocline deepened in a broad band along the coast and shoaled in the central part of the Gulf of Alaska. The changes in pycnocline depth diagnosed from the model are in agreement with the pycnocline depth changes observed at two ocean stations in different areas of the Gulf of Alaska. A simple Ekman pumping model with linear damping explains a large fraction of pycnocline variability in the OGCM. The fit of the simple model to the OGCM is maximized in the central part of the Gulf of Alaska, where the pycnocline variability produced by the simple model can account for similar to 70%-90% of the pycnocline depth variance in the OGCM. Evidence of westward-propagating Rossby waves is found in the OGCM, but they are not the dominant signal. On the contrary, large-scale pycnocline depth anomalies have primarily a standing character, thus explaining the success of the local Ekman pumping model. The agreement between the Ekman pumping model and OGCM deteriorates in a large band along the coast, where propagating disturbances within the pycnocline, due to either mean flow advection or boundary waves, appear to play an important role in pycnocline variability. Coastal propagation of pycnocline depth anomalies is especially relevant in the western part of the Gulf of Alaska, where local Ekman pumping-induced changes are anticorrelated with the OGCM pycnocline depth variations. The pycnocline depth changes associated with the 1976-77 climate regime shift do not seem to be consistent with Sverdrup dynamics, raising questions about the nature of the adjustment of the Alaska Gyre to low-frequency wind stress variability. C1 NOAA, CORES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), NOAA, CORES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1403 EP 1420 DI 10.1175/JPO2757.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 961ZS UT WOS:000231701400008 ER PT J AU Tai, CK Fu, LL AF Tai, CK Fu, LL TI The 25-day-period large-scale oscillations in the Argentine Basin revisited SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; WAVES AB From sea surface height measurements made by the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellite, Fu et al. found and described large-scale oscillations at the period of 25 days in the Argentine Basin of the South Atlantic Ocean. These oscillations were previously hinted at by in situ observations. Only the extensive space-time sampling capability of TOPEX/Poseidon, however, was able to give a complete description of the phenomenon as a counterclockwise-rotating dipole centered at 45 degrees S, 317 degrees E over the Zapiola Rise. Fu et al. also undertook theoretical and numerical studies to suggest that the phenomenon is a resonantly excited barotropic normal mode of the locally closed f/H contour. In a simulation study, however, they also found that the space-time smoothing scheme employed would probably lower the amplitude of the estimated phenomenon by 30%-40%. By reprocessing the data using a different method and showing the amplitude to be almost 2 times as large, in this note it is confirmed that this is indeed the case. The original 5-yr study has also been extended to nearly 10 yr, demonstrating that the same phenomenon has persisted for almost 10 yr. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Tai, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, 5200 Auth Rd,E-RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ek.tai@noaa.gov RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1473 EP 1479 DI 10.1175/JPO2766.1 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 961ZS UT WOS:000231701400012 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM Anderson, DL Greenberg, RR AF Mackey, EA Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM Anderson, DL Greenberg, RR TI Sources of uncertainties in prompt gamma activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYPERMET-PC; HYDROGEN; SENSITIVITIES AB Two prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research have been used routinely to perform elemental analyses of a variety of materials. Results from these analyses are usually expressed as mass fraction values with expanded uncertainties. The expanded uncertainty consists of the combined uncertainty multiplied by the appropriate coverage factor (k) required to achieve a 95% confidence interval. The combined uncertainty includes the uncertainties associated with preparation, irradiation, and gamma-ray spectrometry of samples and standards, and corrections for gamma-rays from the background or blanks where necessary. To determine the combined uncertainty, each component of uncertainty associated with each variable and constant in the basic measurement equation is evaluated. In this paper we present the PGAA measurement equation, a description of the potential sources of uncertainty for each component of the equation, and three examples of uncertainty evaluation. The examples are for determination of H in standard reference material (SRM) 2454, hydrogen in titanium alloy using the cold neutron PGAA facility, Cd in SRM 2702 Inorganics in Marine Sediment using the original thermal neutron PGAA facility, and N in SRM 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder using the recently designed thermal neutron PGAA facility. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Elemental Res Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Mackey, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 265 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0820-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 948CD UT WOS:000230692700016 ER PT J AU Dougherty, BP Fanney, AH Davis, MW AF Dougherty, BP Fanney, AH Davis, MW TI Measured performance of building integrated photovoltaic panels - Round 2 SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Architects, building designers, and building owners presently lack sufficient resources for thoroughly evaluating the economic impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing this deficiency by evaluating computer models used to predict the electrical performance of BIPV components. To facilitate this evaluation, NIST is collecting long-term BIPV performance data that can be compared against predicted values. The long-term data, in addition, provides insight into the relative merits of different building integrated applications, helps to identify performance differences between cell technologies, and reveals seasonal variations. This paper adds to the slowly growing database of long-term performance data on BIPV components. Results from monitoring eight different building-integrated panels over a 12-month period are summarized. The panels are installed vertically, face trite south, and are an integral part of the building's shell. The eight panels comprise the second set of panels evaluated at the NIST test facility Cell technologies evaluated as part of this second round of testing include single-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and two thin film materials: tandem-junction amorphous silicon (2-a-Si) and copper-indium-diselenide (CIS). Two 2-a-Si panels and two CIS panels were monitored. For each pair of BIPV panels, one was insulated on its back side while the back side of the second panel was open to the indoor conditioned space. The panel with the back side thermal insulation experienced higher midday operating temperatures. The higher operating temperatures caused a greater dip in maximum power voltage. The maximum power current increased slightly for the 2-a-Si panel but remained virtually unchanged for the CIS panel. Three of the remaining four test specimens were custom-made panels having the same polycrystalline solar cells but different glazings. Two different polymer materials were tested along with 6 mm-thick, low-iron float glass. The two panels having the much thinner polymer front covers consistently outperformed the panel having the glass front. When compared on an annual basis, the energy production of each polymer-front panel was 8.5% higher than the glass-front panel. Comparison of panels of the same cell technology and comparisons between panels of different cell technologies are made on daily, monthly, and annual bases. Efficiency based on coverage area, which excludes the panels inactive border is used for most "between" panel comparisons. Annual coverage-area conversion efficiencies for the vertically-installed BIPV panels range from a low of 4.6% for the 2-a-Si panels to a high of 12.2% for the two polycrystalline panels having the polymer front covers. The insulated single crystalline panel only slightly outperformed the insulated CIS panel, 10.1% versus 9.7%. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dougherty, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,BR-B320,MS 8632, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Brian.Dougherty@nist.gov; Hunter.Fanney@nist.gov; Mark.Davis@nist.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 314 EP 323 DI 10.1115/1.1883237 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 958MM UT WOS:000231452400003 ER PT J AU Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Lovejoy, ER Murphy, PC Kuster, WC Fall, R AF Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Lovejoy, ER Murphy, PC Kuster, WC Fall, R TI Development of proton-transfer ion trap-mass spectrometry: On-line detection and identification of volatile organic compounds in air SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; PTR-MS; CHEMISTRY; FOOD AB We present a newly developed instrument that uses proton-transfer ion trap-mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The instrument is based on the principle of proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): VCCs are ionized using PTRs and detected with a mass spectrometer. As opposed to a quadrupole mass filter in a PTR-MS, the PIT-MS instrument uses an IT-MS, which has the following advantages: (1) the ability to acquire a full mass spectrum in the same time as one mass with a quadrupole and (2) extended analytical capabilities of identifying VOCs by performing collision-induced dissociation (CID) and ion molecule reactions in the IT. The instrument described has, at its current status, limits of detection between 0.05 and 0.5 pbbv for 1-min measurements for all tested VCCs. The PIT-MS was tested in an ambient air measurement in the urban area of Boulder, Colorado, and intercompared with PTR-MS. For all measured compounds the degree of correlation between the two measurements was high (r(2) > 0.85), except for acetonitrile (CH3CN), which was close to the limit of detection of the PIT-MS instrument. The two measurements agreed within less than 25%, which was within the combined measurement uncertainties. Automated CID measurements on m/z 59 during the intercomparison were used to determine the contributions of acetone and propanal to the measured signal; both are detected at m/z 59 and thus are indistinguishable in PTR-MS. It was determined that m/z 59 was mainly composed of acetone. An influence of propanal was detected only during a high pollution event. The advantages and future developments of PIT-MS are discussed. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 17 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1324 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.03.025 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 952BF UT WOS:000230975700013 ER PT J AU Morrison, I Businger, S Marks, F Dodge, P Businger, JA AF Morrison, I Businger, S Marks, F Dodge, P Businger, JA TI An observational case for the prevalence of roll vortices in the hurricane boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; DYNAMICS; RADAR; CONVECTION; INTENSITY; RAINBANDS; SPRAY; WAVES; STORM AB Doppler velocity data from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars during four hurricane landfalls are analyzed to investigate the presence of organized vortices in the hurricane boundary layer (HBL). The wavelength, depth, magnitude, and track of velocity anomalies were compiled through analysis of Doppler velocity data. The analysis reveals alternating bands of enhanced and reduced azimuthal winds closely aligned with the mean wind direction. Resulting statistics provide compelling evidence for the presence of organized secondary circulations or boundary layer rolls across significant areas during four hurricane landfalls. The results confirm previous observations of the presence of rolls in the HBL. A potential limitation of the study presented here is the resolution of the WSR-88D data. In particular, analysis of higher-resolution data (e.g., from the Doppler on Wheels) is needed to confirm that data aliasing has not unduly impacted the statistics reported here. Momentum fluxes associated with the secondary circulations are estimated using the covariance between the horizontal and vertical components of the wind fluctuations in rolls, with resulting fluxes 2-3 times greater than estimated by parameterizations in numerical weather prediction models. The observational analysis presented here, showing a prevalence of roll vortices in the HBL, has significant implications for the vertical transport of energy in hurricanes, for the character of wind damage, and for improvements in numerical simulations of hurricanes. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Businger, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM businger@hawaii.edu RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 37 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 2662 EP 2673 DI 10.1175/JAS3508.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 961OS UT WOS:000231672300002 ER PT J AU Kiladis, GN Straub, KH Haertel, PT AF Kiladis, GN Straub, KH Haertel, PT TI Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; TOGA COARE IOP; PLANETARY-SCALE CIRCULATIONS; EASTWARD-MOVING DISTURBANCES; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AB A statistical study of the three-dimensional structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is carried out by projecting dynamical fields from reanalysis and radiosonde data onto space-time filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. MJO convection is generally preceded by low-level convergence and upward motion in the lower troposphere, while subsidence, cooling, and drying prevail aloft. This leads to moistening of the boundary layer and the development of shallow convection, followed by a gradual and then more rapid lofting of moisture into the middle troposphere at the onset of deep convection. After the passage of the heaviest rainfall, a westerly wind burst region is accompanied by stratiform precipitation, where lower tropospheric subsidence and drying coincide with continuing upper tropospheric upward motion. The evolution of the heating field leads to a temperature structure that favors the growth of the MJO. The analysis also reveals distinct differences in the vertical structure of the MJO as it evolves, presumably reflecting changes in its vertical heating profile, phase speed, or the basic-state circulation that the MJO propagates through. The dynamical structure and the evolution of cloud morphology within the MJO compares favorably in many respects with other propagating convectively coupled equatorial waves. One implication is that the larger convective envelopes within the Tropics tend to be composed of more shallow convection along their leading edges, a combination of deep convection and stratiform rainfall in their centers, and then a preponderance of stratiform rainfall along their trailing edges, regardless of scale or propagation direction. While this may ultimately be the factor that governs the dynamical similarities across the various wave types, it raises questions about how the smaller-scale, higher-frequency disturbances making up the MJO conspire to produce its heating and dynamical structures. This suggests that the observed cloud morphology is dictated by fundamental interactions with the large-scale circulation. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Susquehanna Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gkiladis@al.noaa.gov NR 122 TC 277 Z9 278 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 2790 EP 2809 DI 10.1175/JAS3520.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 961OS UT WOS:000231672300009 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Wyman, B Zhang, SQ Hoar, T AF Anderson, JL Wyman, B Zhang, SQ Hoar, T TI Assimilation of surface pressure observations using an ensemble filter in an idealized global atmospheric prediction system SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; ERROR STATISTICS; ANALYSIS SCHEME; COVARIANCES; ADJUSTMENT AB An ensemble filter data assimilation system is tested in a perfect model setting using a low resolution Held-Suarez configuration of an atmospheric GCM. The assimilation system is able to reconstruct details of the model's state at all levels when only observations of surface pressure (PS) are available. The impacts of varying the spatial density and temporal frequency of PS observations are examined. The error of the ensemble mean assimilation prior estimate appears to saturate at some point as the number of PS observations available once every 24 h is increased. However, increasing the frequency with which PS observations are available from a fixed network of 1800 randomly located stations results in an apparently unbounded decrease in the assimilation's prior error for both PS and all other model state variables. The error reduces smoothly as a function of observation frequency except for a band with observation periods around 4 h. Assimilated states are found to display enhanced amplitude high-frequency gravity wave oscillations when observations are taken once every few hours, and this adversely impacts the assimilation quality. Assimilations of only surface temperature and only surface wind components are also examined. The results indicate that, in a perfect model context, ensemble filters are able to extract surprising amounts of information from observations of only a small portion of a model's spatial domain. This suggests that most of the remaining challenges for ensemble filter assimilation are confined to problems such as model error, observation representativeness error, and unknown instrument error characteristics that are outside the scope of perfect model experiments. While it is dangerous to extrapolate from these simple experiments to operational atmospheric assimilation, the results also suggest that exploring the frequency with which observations are used for assimilation may lead to significant enhancements to assimilated state estimates. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jla@ucar.edu NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 2925 EP 2938 DI 10.1175/JAS3510.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 961OS UT WOS:000231672300017 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ Coniglio, MC Davies-Jones, RP Evans, JS AF Stensrud, DJ Coniglio, MC Davies-Jones, RP Evans, JS TI Comments on "A theory for strong long-lived squall lines' revisited" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIMULATION; STORMS C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73609 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73609 USA. EM David.Stensrud@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 2989 EP 2996 DI 10.1175/JAS3514.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 961OS UT WOS:000231672300022 ER PT J AU Swann, WC Gilbert, SL AF Swann, WC Gilbert, SL TI Line centers, pressure shift, and pressure broadening of 1530-1560 nm hydrogen cyanide wavelength calibration lines SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; ABSOLUTE-FREQUENCY; HCN; ACETYLENE; REGION; LASER AB We have measured the line centers and pressure-induced shift and broadening of 25 lines in the 2 nu(3) rotational-vibrational band of hydrogen cyanide (HC)-C-13 N-14. These lines can be used as wavelength references in the optical fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing C-band (approximately 1530-1565 nm). We find that the pressure shift varies with line number from +0.09 pm/kPa to -0.15 pm/kPa (approximately -1.5 to +2.5 MHz/Torr). The pressure broadening also varies with line number and is typically between 1 and 5.4 pm/kPa (17-90 MHz/Torr). We determined the line centers of 21 lines with an expanded uncertainty (2 sigma) of 0.01 pm (approximate to 1 MHz), an improvement of more than 1 order of magnitude over previous line center measurements of this band. We also calculate the molecular constants for the band, yielding improved determination of the band origin frequency and the excited-state molecular constants. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1749 EP 1756 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.001749 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 954MA UT WOS:000231158000021 ER PT J AU Powell, M Soukup, G Cocke, S Gulati, S Morisseau-Leroy, N Hamid, S Dorst, N Axe, L AF Powell, M Soukup, G Cocke, S Gulati, S Morisseau-Leroy, N Hamid, S Dorst, N Axe, L TI State of Florida hurricane loss projection model: Atmospheric science component SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE hurricane; risk; insured loss; damage; catastrophe ID SURFACE WIND FIELDS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; LAYER; SIMULATION; SPEEDS; VORTEX; FLOW AB The State of Florida has developed an open, public model for the purpose of probabilistic assessment of risk to insured residential property associated with wind damage from hurricanes. The model comprises atmospheric science, engineering, and financial/actuarial components and is planned for submission to the Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology. The atmospheric component includes modeling the track and intensity life cycle of each simulated hurricane within the Florida threat area. When a model storm approaches within a damage threshold distance of a Florida zip code location, the wind field is computed by a slab model of the hurricane boundary layer coupled with a surface layer model based on the results of recent GPS sonde research. A time series of open terrain surface winds is then computed for each zip code in the threatened area. Depending on wind direction, an effective roughness length is assigned to each zip code based on the upstream fetch roughness as determined from remotely sensed land cover/land use products. Based on historical hurricane statistics, thousands of storms are simulated allowing determination of the wind risk for all residential zip code locations in Florida. The wind risk information is then provided to the engineering and loss models to assess damage and average annual loss, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Powell, M (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. EM mark.powell@noaa.gov RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Dorst, Neal/C-3668-2014 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Dorst, Neal/0000-0002-2618-1992 NR 40 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 93 IS 8 BP 651 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2005.05.008 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 978GO UT WOS:000232861800004 ER PT J AU Fellmuth, B Wolber, L Hermier, Y Pavese, F Steur, PPM Peroni, I Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A Lipinski, L Tew, WL Nakano, T Sakurai, H Tamura, O Head, D Hill, KD Stelle, AG AF Fellmuth, B Wolber, L Hermier, Y Pavese, F Steur, PPM Peroni, I Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A Lipinski, L Tew, WL Nakano, T Sakurai, H Tamura, O Head, D Hill, KD Stelle, AG TI Isotopic and other influences on the realization of the triple point of hydrogen SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID POROUS VYCOR GLASS; EQUILIBRIUM-HYDROGEN; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; NATURAL-WATERS; FIXED-POINTS; DEUTERIUM; SCALE; RATIO AB Within an international collaboration of the eight metrological institutes represented by the authors, the dependence of the triple-point temperature of equilibrium hydrogen on the deuterium content at low concentrations has been precisely determined so that the uncertainty in realizing the triple point as a temperature fixed point might be reduced by nearly one order of magnitude. To investigate the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen-deuterium mixtures and to elucidate the factors that influence the melting temperature, 28 sealed fixed-point cells have been filled and measured, and some of these have been compared with an open-cell system. Hydrogen gas with a deuterium content ranging from 27.2 mu mol D/mol H to 154.9 mu mol D/mol H was studied using cells containing five different types of spin-conversion catalyst, with different catalyst-to-liquid volume ratios (a few per cent to more than 100%) and of different designs. The latter consideration is especially influential in determining the thermal behaviour of the cells and, thus, the temperature-measurement errors. The cells were measured at the eight participating institutes in accordance with a detailed protocol that facilitates a direct comparison of the results. Through analysis of the measurements, significant inter-institute deviations due to different measurement facilities and methods have been ruled out with respect to the determination of both the melting temperatures and the thermal parameters of the cells. The uncertainty estimates for the determination of the deuterium content have been verified by including isotopic analysis results from four different sources. The slope of the dependence of the triple-point temperature of equilibrium hydrogen isotopic mixtures on the deuterium content has been deduced from the melting temperatures of those sample portions not in direct contact with the catalysts. Evaluation of the data using different mathematical methods has yielded an average value of 5.4(2) mu K per mu mol D/mol H, with an upper bound of the standard uncertainty of 0.3(1) mu K per mu mol D/mol H. This is close to the literature value of 5.6 mu K per pmol D/mol H that was obtained at higher deuterium concentrations. C1 Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Bur Natl Metrol, INM, CNAM, Paris, France. CNR, UMGC, Ist Metrol G Colonnetti, I-10126 Turin, Italy. INTiBS, Polska Akad Nauk, Wroclaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Fellmuth, B (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM Bemd.Fellmuth@PTB.de OI Pavese, Franco/0000-0001-9261-6862 NR 96 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 171 EP 193 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/4/001 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 967FS UT WOS:000232077500003 ER PT J AU Ray, J Senior, K AF Ray, J Senior, K TI Geodetic techniques for time and frequency comparisons using GPS phase and code measurements SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CARRIER-PHASE AB We review the development and status of GPS geodetic methods for high-precision global time and frequency comparisons. A comprehensive view is taken, including hardware effects in the transmitting satellites and tracking receiver stations, data analysis and interpretation, and comparisons with independent results. Other GPS techniques rely on single-frequency data and/or assume cancellation of most systematic errors using differences between simultaneous observations. By applying the full observation modelling of modem geodesy to dual-frequency observations of GPS carrier phase and pseudorange, the precision of timing comparisons can be improved from the level of several nanoseconds to near 100 ps. For an averaging interval of one day, we infer a limiting Allan deviation of about 1.4 x 10(-15) for the GPS geodetic technique. The accuracy of time comparisons is set by the ability to calibrate the absolute instrumental delays through the GPS receiver and antenna chain, currently about 3 ns. Geodetic clock measurements are available for most of the major timing laboratories, as well as for many other tracking stations and the satellites, via the routine products of the International GPS Service. C1 NOAA, NNGS6, US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NOAA, NNGS6, US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 55 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/4/005 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 967FS UT WOS:000232077500007 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, CM Iyer, HK TI Detection of influential observations in the determination of the weighted-mean KCRV SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID EXCLUSIVE STATISTICS AB Since the signing of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement, national metrology institutes (NMIs) have carried out many key comparisons in a wide range of metrological areas to establish the equivalence of their measurement standards. The determination of a key comparison reference value (KCRV) and its-associated uncertainty is the central task in the evaluation of key comparison data. One, of the most popular ways to estimate the KCRV is to use a weighted mean of the NMI's reported values, with weights inversely proportional to the variances of the reported value. One potential problem with the use of the weighted mean is its reliance on weights, which may vary greatly across NMIs. Consequently, some of the NMIs can be influential in the determination of the weighted-mean KCRV. Thus it is of interest to identify the influential NMIs based on some simple and well-defined criteria. In this paper, we present several easy-to-use criteria for detecting influential data in the calculation of the weighted-mean KCR. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/4/010 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 967FS UT WOS:000232077500012 ER PT J AU Pires, LMD Ibelings, BW Brehm, M Van Donk, E AF Pires, LMD Ibelings, BW Brehm, M Van Donk, E TI Comparing grazing on lake seston by Dreissena and Daphnia: Lessons for biomanipulation SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION; MICROCYSTIN-LR; NONTOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; EUTROPHIC LAKE; SHALLOW LAKES; SAGINAW BAY; POLYMORPHA AB Biomanipulation measures in lakes, taken to diminish algal blooms, have mainly been restricted to the reduction of zooplanktivorous fish with the aim to stimulate the grazing pressure by native filter feeders such as Daphnia. However, larger filter feeders like the exotic zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, have been suggested as an optional tool because of their high filtering capacity. We compared grazing by two filter feeders, D. polymorpha and Daphnia galeata, offered seston from Lake IJsselmeer, the Netherlands in two consecutive years: 2002 and 2003. The seston in both years was dominated by the colony-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The grazing studies were performed under controlled conditions in the laboratory and samples were analyzed on a flow cytometer, making it possible to quantify grazing on different seston components and size fractions, including cyanobacteria, other phytoplankton (green algae, diatoms, etc.), and detritus. No differences in clearance rates, on a per weight basis, were found between the two grazer species. The clearance rate on cyanobacteria (especially < 20 mu m) was lower in 2003 than in 2002. In 2003, the microcystin concentration of cyanobacteria was higher than in 2002, suggesting that the observed lower clearance rate in 2003 was due to the enhanced toxin content of the cyanobacteria. Zebra mussels, although indiscriminately filtering all seston groups out of the water, positively selected for phytoplankton in their mantle cavity, irrespective of its toxicity, and rejected detritus. Since no differences in clearance rates were found between the two grazer species, we conclude that for biomanipulation purposes of shallow lakes, native species like the daphnids should be preferred over exotic species like zebra mussels. When the seston is dominated by phytoplankton that cannot be filtered out of the water column by Daphnia, however, the use of zebra mussels may be considered. Care should be taken, however, in the choice of the lakes since the mussels may have severe ecological and economic impacts. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, Dept Foodweb Studies, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. RP Pires, LMD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM miguel.dionisio-pires@noaa.gov RI van Donk, Ellen/B-7272-2008; Ibelings, Bas/B-4237-2011 OI van Donk, Ellen/0000-0003-3279-4936; Ibelings, Bas/0000-0002-7213-7407 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0147-6 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 986WX UT WOS:000233481500011 ER PT J AU Arsene, C Lancrajan, I Burkitt, W Pang, S O'Connor, G Bunk, D Henrion, A AF Arsene, C. Lancrajan, I. Burkitt, W. Pang, S. O'Connor, G. Bunk, D. Henrion, A. TI Prerequisites to accuracy in absolute protein quantification by mass spectrometry SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arsene, C.; Lancrajan, I.; Henrion, A.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Burkitt, W.; Pang, S.; O'Connor, G.] LGC, Teddington, Middx, England. [Bunk, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI O'Connor, Gavin/D-9767-2016 OI O'Connor, Gavin/0000-0002-7812-6717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 8 SU 1 BP S315 EP S315 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V44IB UT WOS:000202995300809 ER PT J AU Stein, S Kilpatrick, L Mautner, M Neta, P Roth, J AF Stein, S. Kilpatrick, L. Mautner, M. Neta, P. Roth, J. TI Reference libraries of peptide mass spectra SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stein, S.; Kilpatrick, L.; Mautner, M.; Neta, P.; Roth, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 8 SU 1 BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V44IB UT WOS:000202995300087 ER PT J AU Askelson, MA Pauley, PM Straka, JM AF Askelson, MA Pauley, PM Straka, JM TI Response functions for arbitrary weight functions and data distributions. Part II: Response function derivation and verification SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; SUCCESSIVE CORRECTIONS; INTERPOLATION; COMPUTATION; DISCRETE; IMPACT AB Distance-dependent weighted averaging (DDWA) is a process that is fundamental to most of the objective analysis schemes that are used in meteorology. Despite its ubiquity, aspects of its effects are still poorly understood. This is especially true for the most typical situation of observations that are discrete, bounded, and irregularly distributed. To facilitate understanding of the effects of DDWA schemes, a framework that enables the determination of response functions for arbitrary weight functions and data distributions is developed. An essential element of this approach is the equivalent analysis, which is a hypothetical analysis that is produced by using, throughout the analysis domain, the same weight function and data distribution that apply at the point where the response function is desired. This artifice enables the derivation of the response function by way of the convolution theorem. Although this approach requires a bit more effort than an alternative one, the reward is additional insight into the impacts of DDWA analyses. An important insight gained through this approach is the exact nature of the DDWA response function. For DDWA schemes the response function is the complex conjugate of the normalized Fourier transform of the effective weight function. In facilitating this result, this approach affords a better understanding of which elements (weight functions, data distributions, normalization factors, etc.) affect response functions and how they interact to do so. Tests of the response function for continuous, bounded data and discrete, irregularly distributed data verify the validity of the response functions obtained herein. They also reinforce previous findings regarding the dependence of response functions on analysis location and the impacts of data boundaries and irregular data spacing. Interpretation of the response function in terms of amplitude and phase modulations is illustrated using examples. Inclusion of phase shift information is important in the evaluation of DDWA schemes when they are applied to situations that may produce significant phase shifts. These situations include those where data boundaries influence the analysis value and where data are irregularly distributed. By illustrating the attendant movement, or shift, of data, phase shift information also provides an elegant interpretation of extrapolation. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Askelson, MA (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM askelson@aero.und.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2132 EP 2147 DI 10.1175/MWR2963.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500002 ER PT J AU McPherson, RA Stensrud, DJ AF McPherson, RA Stensrud, DJ TI Influences of a winter wheat belt on the evolution of the boundary layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-HYDROLOGY MODEL; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SOIL HYDROLOGY; LAND-USE; PART II; VEGETATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; PARAMETERIZATION AB Evidence exists that a large-scale alteration of land use by humans can cause changes in the climatology of the region. The largest-scale transformation is the substitution of native landscape by agricultural crop-land. This modeling study examines the impact of a direct substitution of one type of grassland for another-in this case, the replacement of tallgrass prairie with winter wheat. The primary difference between these grasses is their growing season: native prairie grasses of the U.S. Great Plains are warm-season grasses whereas winter wheat is a cool-season grass. Case study simulations were conducted for 27 March 2000 and 5 April 2000-days analyzed in previous observational studies. The simulations provided additional insight into the physical processes involved and changes that occurred throughout the depth of the planetary boundary layer. Results indicate the following: 1) with the proper adjustment of vegetation parameters, land-use type, fractional vegetation coverage, and soil moisture, the numerical simulations were able to capture the overall patterns measured near the surface across a growing wheat belt during benign springtime conditions in Oklahoma; 2) the impacts of the mesoscale belt of growing wheat included increased values of latent heat flux and decreased values of sensible heat flux over the wheat, increased values of atmospheric moisture near the surface above and downstream of the wheat, and a shallower planetary boundary layer (PBL) above and downstream of the wheat; 3) in the sheared environments that were examined, a shallower PBL that resulted from growing wheat (rather than natural vegetation) led to reduced entrainment of higher momentum air into the PBL and, thus, weaker winds within the PBL over and downwind from the growing wheat; 4) for the cases studied, gradients in sensible heat were insufficient to establish an unambiguous vegetation breeze or its corresponding mesoscale circulation; 5) the initialization of soil moisture within the root zone aided latent heat fluxes from growing vegetation; and 6) reasonable specification of land surface parameters was required for the correct simulation and prediction of surface heat fluxes and resulting boundary layer development. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP McPherson, RA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, 100 E Boyd St,Suite 1210, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM renee@ou.edu RI McPherson, Renee/H-6256-2016 OI McPherson, Renee/0000-0002-1497-9681 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2178 EP 2199 DI 10.1175/MWR2968.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500005 ER PT J AU Atkins, NT Bouchard, CS Przybylinski, RW Trapp, RJ Schmocker, G AF Atkins, NT Bouchard, CS Przybylinski, RW Trapp, RJ Schmocker, G TI Damaging surface wind mechanisms within the 10 June 2003 Saint Louis Bow Echo during BAMEX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; SQUALL LINES; PART I; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; TORNADOES; DOWNBURSTS; EVOLUTION; DOPPLER; RADAR; DEPENDENCE AB Detailed radar and damage survey analyses of a severe bow echo event that occurred on 10 June 2003 during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex (MCV) Experiment are presented. A bow echo formed just east of Saint Louis, Missouri, and produced a continuous straight-line wind damage swath approximately 8 km in width and 50 km in length along with five F0-F1 tornadoes. Careful superposition of the damage survey analysis and Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from Saint Charles, Missouri (KLSX), showed that the primary straight-line wind damage swath was not collocated with the bow echo apex as has been suggested in previous studies. Rather, the primary damage swath was found north of the bow apex, collocated with a low-level vortex that formed on the leading edge of the bow echo. Much of the primary damage swath appeared to have been created by the low-level vortex. Moreover, most of the surface straight-line wind damage was generated during the early stages of bow echo morphology prior to when the radar-detected bow echo attributes were best defined. Detailed analysis of the KLSX radar data revealed the genesis of 11 low-level meso-gamma-scale vortices within the convective system. Superposition of the damage survey data showed that five of the vortices were tornadic. Careful analysis of the radar data suggests that it may be possible to distinguish between the tornadic and nontornadic vortices. Consistently, the tornadic vortices were longer-lived and stronger at low levels [0-3 km above ground level (AGL)] and rapidly deepened and intensified just prior to tornadogenesis. Similar evolution was not observed with the nontornadic vortices. All of the tornadic vortices formed coincident with or after the genesis time of the rear-inflow jet. These results suggest that the rear-inflow jet may be important for creating tornadic vortices within bow echoes. The detection and warning implications of these results are discussed. C1 Lyndon State Coll, Dept Meteorol, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA. Natl Weather Serv, St Charles, MO USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Atkins, NT (reprint author), Lyndon State Coll, Dept Meteorol, 1001 Coll Rd, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA. EM nolan.atkins@lyndonstate.edu NR 43 TC 29 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2275 EP 2296 DI 10.1175/MWR2973.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500011 ER PT J AU Borovikov, A Rienecker, MM Keppenne, CL Johnson, GC AF Borovikov, A Rienecker, MM Keppenne, CL Johnson, GC TI Multivariate error covariance estimates by Monte Carlo simulation for assimilation studies in the Pacific Ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; ATLANTIC AB One of the most difficult aspects of ocean-state estimation is the prescription of the model forecast error covariances. The paucity of ocean observations limits our ability to estimate the covariance structures from model-observation differences. In most practical applications, simple covariances are usually prescribed. Rarely are cross covariances between different model variables used. Here a comparison is made between a univariate optimal interpolation (UOI) scheme and a multivariate OI algorithm (MvOI) in the assimilation of ocean temperature profiles. In the UOI case only temperature is updated using a Gaussian covariance function. In the MvOL salinity, zonal, and meridional velocities as well as temperature are updated using an empirically estimated multivariate covariance matrix. Earlier studies have shown that a univariate 01 has a detrimental effect on the salinity and velocity fields of the model. Apparently, in a sequential framework it is important to analyze temperature and salinity together. For the MvOI an estimate of the forecast error statistics is made by Monte Carlo techniques from an ensemble of model forecasts. An important advantage of using an ensemble of ocean states is that it provides a natural way to estimate cross covariances between the fields of different physical variables constituting the model-state vector, at the same time incorporating the model's dynamical and thermodynamical constraints as well as the effects of physical boundaries. Only temperature observations from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean array have been assimilated in this study. To investigate the efficacy of the multivariate scheme, two data assimilation experiments are validated with a large independent set of recently published subsurface observations of salinity, zonal velocity, and temperature. For reference, a control run with no data assimilation is used to check how the data assimilation affects systematic model errors. While the performance of the UOI and MvOI is similar with respect to the temperature field, the salinity and velocity fields are greatly improved when the multivariate correction is used, as is evident from the analyses of the rms differences between these fields and independent observations. The MvOI assimilation is found to improve upon the control run in generating water masses with properties close to the observed, while the UOI fails to maintain the temperature and salinity structure. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Borovikov, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ayb@mohawk.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2310 EP 2334 DI 10.1175/MWR2984.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500013 ER PT J AU Schultz, DM AF Schultz, DM TI Review of cold fronts with prefrontal troughs and wind shifts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; LOW-LEVEL STRUCTURE; SQUALL-LINE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SURFACE FRONTS; DEFORMATION FRONTOGENESIS; THUNDERSTORM OUTFLOWS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB The conceptual model of a classical surface-based cold front consists of a sharp temperature decrease coincident with a pressure trough and a distinct wind shift at the surface. Many cold fronts, however, do not conform to this model-time series at a single surface station may possess a pressure trough and wind shift in the warm air preceding the cold front (hereafter called a prefrontal trough and prefrontal wind shift, respectively). Although many authors have recognized these prefrontal features previously, a review of the responsible mechanisms has not been performed to date. This paper presents such a review. Ten disparate mechanisms with different frontal structures have been identified from the previous literature. These mechanisms include those external to the front (i.e., those not directly associated with the cold front itself): synoptic-scale forcing, interaction with lee troughs/drylines, interaction with fronts in the mid- and upper troposphere, and frontogenesis associated with inhomogeneities in the prefrontal air. Mechanisms internal to the front (i.e., those directly associated with the structure and dynamics of the front) include the following: surface friction, frontogenesis acting on alongfront temperature gradients, moist processes, descent of air, ascent of air at the front, and generation of prefrontal bores/gravity waves. Given the gaps in our knowledge of the structure, evolution, and dynamics of surface cold fronts, this paper closes with an admonition for improving the links between theory, observations, and modeling to advance understanding and develop better conceptual models of cold fronts, with the goal of improving both scientific understanding and operational forecasting. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 179 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2449 EP 2472 DI 10.1175/MWR2987.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500021 ER PT J AU Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, MJ Zhang, WH Nguyen, T Amis, EJ AF Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, MJ Zhang, WH Nguyen, T Amis, EJ TI Gradient chemical micropatterns: A reference substrate for surface nanometrology SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CONSTRUCTIVE NANOLITHOGRAPHY; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; PHASE-SEPARATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; SYSTEMS AB We present fabrication routes for a new type of surface specimen that exhibits a micropattern with a gradient in chemical contrast between the pattern domains. Design elements in the specimen allow chemical contrast in the micropattern to be related to well-established surface characterization data, such as contact angle measurements. These gradient specimens represent a reference tool for calibrating image contrast in chemically sensitive scanning probe microscopy techniques and a platform for the high-throughput analysis of polymer thin film behavior. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fasolka, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mfasolka@nist.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1535 EP 1540 DI 10.1021/nl050612n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 955FQ UT WOS:000231211300002 PM 16089484 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, GK Edelstein, MD Blackburn, DL Suehle, JS Vogel, EM Richter, CA AF Ramachandran, GK Edelstein, MD Blackburn, DL Suehle, JS Vogel, EM Richter, CA TI Nanometre gaps in gold wires are formed by thermal migration SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; METAL WORK FUNCTION; MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; FAILURE MECHANISMS; ELECTROMIGRATION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONICS; TRANSISTORS; DEVICES AB The formation of gold wires separated by a few nanometres is reported. Such nanometre-separated gaps are formed by ramping, at ambient conditions, a bias voltage across a thin gold wire until the wire breaks or fails. Externally heating the wire does not result in a lowering of the mean bias or current conditions required for creating the break, although electromigration-based models predict rapid decreases in the current required to cause the break. Based on measurements of changes in resistance during the voltage ramp, we determine that the temperature reached in the wires is very large and can approach the melting point of gold. To avoid deleterious effects of such large temperatures on molecules, we recommend here an alternate procedure for utilizing the break protocol in molecular electronics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Room 357-361,Bldg 225, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ganesh.Ramachandran@NIST.gov; Curt.Richtcr@NIST.gov RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/8/052 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 957YX UT WOS:000231410600052 ER PT J AU Powers, JE AF Powers, JE TI Maximum sustainable yield and bycatch minimization "to the extent practicable" SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB Two goals of marine fisheries management in the USA are (1) to achieve maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and (2) to minimize bycatch "to the extent practicable." However, the determination of MSY is contingent on the selectivity of the various fisheries involved and the mix of these fisheries that managers desire. I compare several methods of computing MSY and associated parameters that involve alternative assumptions about the balance between target and bycatch fisheries. These methods were evaluated using a deterministic population simulation model. Additionally, biological risk was evaluated by computing relative spawning levels in the presence and absence of bycatch. While the choice of the method will largely be driven by socioeconomic factors, some implications for management are discussed. Before analysts can calculate MSY and associated parameters, managers must determine their desired mix of fishing and the definition of "to the extent practicable." C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Powers, JE (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM joseph.powers@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1577/M04-160.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800004 ER PT J AU Weeder, JA Marshall, AR Epifanio, JM AF Weeder, JA Marshall, AR Epifanio, JM TI An assessment of population genetic variation in Chinook salmon from seven Michigan rivers 30 years after introduction SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PACIFIC SALMON; LAKE-SUPERIOR; SIZE; VARIABILITY; TSHAWYTSCHA; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROZYGOSITY AB Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into the Lake Michigan basin from 1966 to 1968 with the transfer of fertilized eggs from the Green River Hatchery, Washington. In the more than three decades since this founding, Chinook salmon occur and are managed throughout the Great Lakes basin as a mixture of feral and supplemented populations. To evaluate the extent of genetic diversity since initial founding, we examined the pattern of variation at 18 allozyme loci among feral Chinook salmon populations in seven Michigan watersheds. We observed little divergence and low heterogeneity among the seven populations, which was consistent with the pattern expected in a single, randomly mating gene pool. We believe that the two major mechanisms contributing to the lack of among-population heterogeneity are the relatively recent founding from a single source and the routine homogenization from annual releases of hatchery-propagated, common-brood-source juveniles. We compared genetic diversity in the founded population with that of the source population to assess impacts from management activities or other events that might have caused genetic bottlenecks. Six rare alleles observed in the source stock were absent in our combined Michigan samples (N = 256), and frequencies for two of these alleles were significantly different (P <= 0.01) between the source and Michigan samples. Several other allele frequencies also differed significantly between the source and founded populations, providing evidence that one or more sources of genetic drift have affected allelic variation in the Michigan population. Although conservation of native genetic diversity is not a prevailing issue for Chinook salmon in Michigan waters, management approaches aimed at maintaining overall compositional and structural diversity and any recently evolved but undetected river-specific diversity should avoid further depletion of genetic variation in this important Great Lakes recreational resource. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, Sustainable Fisheries Div, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Epifanio, JM (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 607 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM epifanio@inhs.uiuc.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1577/M03-227.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800013 ER PT J AU Spina, AP Allen, MA Clarke, M AF Spina, AP Allen, MA Clarke, M TI Downstream migration, rearing abundance, and pool habitat associations of juvenile steelhead in the lower main stem of a south-central California stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; LIFE-HISTORY; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; FISH ABUNDANCE; DRAINAGE-BASIN; RIVER AB Unlike river main steins in the northern geographic range of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, the surface flow of main stems in south-central and southern California can be extremely low, intermittent, or entirely lacking during the dry season. This has led to a general belief among biologists that main stems provide only migratory habitat, which has created challenges for fishery managers because some main stems are now perennial as a result of the continuous release of treated municipal wastewater. During 2000-2002, we monitored juvenile abundance and downstream migration of the south-central California coast evolutionarily significant unit of steelhead in the lower main stem (reaches proximate to the ocean) of a south-central California stream. This stream has a continuous discharge of tertiary-treated municipal wastewater that forms most, if not all, of the dry-season living space for steelhead. Our principal finding indicates that this artificial discharge provides oversummering habitat for juvenile steelhead. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. Thomas R Payne & Assoc, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. City San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. RP Spina, AP (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM anthony.spina@noaa.gov RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 919 EP 930 DI 10.1577/M04-105.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800018 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Lytle, A Popmintchev, T Paul, A Wagner, N Murnane, M Kapteyn, H Christov, IP AF Zhang, XS Lytle, A Popmintchev, T Paul, A Wagner, N Murnane, M Kapteyn, H Christov, IP TI Phase matching, quasi-phase matching, and pulse compression in a single waveguide for enhanced high-harmonic generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOFT X-RAYS; LASER-PULSES; WATER WINDOW; RARE-GASES; RADIATION AB We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that the efficient region of high-harmonic generation can be shifted from lower to higher photon energies by combining phase matching, quasi-phase matching, and pulse compression in a single gas-filled waveguide. An intrawaveguide pulse compression process that works through a combination of ionization-induced refraction and guiding shortens the laser pulse as it propagates through an Ar-filled waveguide. This leads to enhanced harmonic emission at high photon energies near 95 eV while it reduces emission at low photon energies near 45 eV. The waveguide geometry also mitigates ionization-induced refraction, allowing Ar gas with high effective nonlinear susceptibility to be used. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Sofia, Dept Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu RI Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Christov, Ivan/D-4446-2014; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Christov, Ivan/0000-0002-9146-6708; NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 15 BP 1971 EP 1973 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001971 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 948KJ UT WOS:000230714400019 PM 16092236 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Reed, B Owen, T Adegoke, J AF Gallo, K Reed, B Owen, T Adegoke, J TI Characteristics of seasonal vegetation cover in the conterminous USA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; LAND-SURFACE; MODEL; IMPACTS; CLIMATE AB A data set of the fractional green vegetation cover (FGREEN) for the Conterminous USA was evaluated for regional and seasonal variation. The value of FGREEN was derived monthly for the three most dominant land cover classes per 20 km by 20 km grid cell within the study area. At this grid cell resolution (comprised of 400 1-km pixels), 97 percent of the grid cells included three or fewer land cover classes. FGREEN was found to vary regionally due to local land cover and climate variation. FGREEN was found significantly different between one or more of the land cover classes, for one or more months.. in 58 percent of the grid cells included in the study. Monthly FGREEN values for the land cover classes vary sufficiently between the land cover classes to warrant monthly FGREEN data for each of the one to three most dominant land cover classes per grid cell. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 959 EP 966 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 954BS UT WOS:000231129700009 ER PT J AU Tauheed, A Reader, J AF Tauheed, A Reader, J TI Spectrum and energy levels of triply-ionized niobium (Nb IV) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIUM ZR IV; VALUES; ZRIII; VI AB The spectrum of triply-ionized niobium Nb IV was observed from 300A to 4100 angstrom with sliding spark discharges on 10.7-m normal- and grazing-incidence spectrographs. The existing analysis of this spectrum [Meinders. E. el al.. Physica Scripta 25. 527 (1982).] was extended to include the 5s2. 5p2. 5s5d. 5s4f. 5s6s, 4d6d. 4d7s. 4d5f. 4d6f and 4d5g con ligurations. which are practically complete. A few levels of4d7p and a few missing levels of the already known 4d4f configuration were also located. One level of (he 4d6p configuration was revised. There are now a total of S40 lines classified as transitions between 185 energy levels. Of these, 546 lines and 107 levels are new. From the optimized energy level values. Ritz-type wavelengths with uncertainties varying from about 0.0005 A to 0.003 A were determined. The observed configurations were theoretically interpreted by means of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squarcs fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. The titled parameters were used to calculate oscillator strengths for all classified lines. An improved value for the ionization energy was obtained from the 4dns(n 4-6).4dnf(n = 4-6). and 4d5g configurations. The adopted value is 303350 +/- 180cm(-1) (37.611 +/- 0.022eV). C1 Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tauheed, A (reprint author), Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM ahmadtauheed@rediffmail.com RI Ahmad, Tauheed/K-3150-2014 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG-SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 158 EP 180 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.072a00158 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 954RH UT WOS:000231172000009 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Hu, BL Calzetta, E Clark, CW AF Rey, AM Hu, BL Calzetta, E Clark, CW TI Quantum kinetic theory of a Bose-Einstein gas confined in a lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Review ID SELF-CONSISTENT APPROXIMATIONS; TWISTED BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GROSS-PITAEVSKII EQUATION; GROUND-STATE ENERGY; OPTICAL LATTICES; WIGNER FUNCTION; HUBBARD MODEL; LIQUID-HELIUM; FIELD THEORY; CONDENSATE AB We extend our earlier work on the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate initially loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice. From the two-particle-irreducible (2PI) closed-time-path (CTP) effective action for the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian we derive causal equations of motion that treat mean-field effects and quantum fluctuations on an equal footing. We demonstrate that these equations reproduce well-known limits when simplifying approximations are introduced. For example, when the system dynamics admits two-time separation, we obtain the Kadanoff-Baym equations of quantum kinetic theory, and in the weakly interacting limit, we show that the local equilibrium solutions of our equations reproduce the second-order corrections to the self-energy of the type originally derived by Beliaev. The derivation of quantum kinetic equations from the 2PI-CTP effective action not only checks the viability of the formalism but also shows it to be a tractable framework for going beyond standard Boltzmann equations of motion. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 103 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023604 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200155 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Blakie, PB Pupillo, G Williams, CJ Clark, CW AF Rey, AM Blakie, PB Pupillo, G Williams, CJ Clark, CW TI Bragg spectroscopy of ultracold atoms loaded in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; GAS AB We study Bragg spectroscopy of ultracold atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices as a method for probing the excitation spectrum in the Mott-insulator phase, in particular the one-particle-hole excitation band. Within the framework of perturbation theory we obtain an analytical expression for the dynamic structure factor S(q,omega) and use it to calculate the imparted energy which was shown to be a relevant observable in recent experiments. We test the accuracy of our approximations by comparing them with numerically exact solutions of the Bose-Hubbard model in restricted cases and establish the limits of validity of our linear-response analysis. Finally we show that when the system is deep in the Mott-insulator regime, its response to the Bragg perturbation is temperature dependent. We suggest that this dependence might be used as a tool to probe temperatures of order of the Mott gap. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Blakie, Peter/A-1554-2009; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Blakie, Peter/0000-0003-4772-6514; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 17 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023407 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200136 ER PT J AU Schwindt, PDD Cornell, EA Kishimoto, T Wang, YJ Anderson, DZ AF Schwindt, PDD Cornell, EA Kishimoto, T Wang, YJ Anderson, DZ TI Efficient loading of a magnetic waveguide on an atom chip SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; BEAM SPLITTER; COLD ATOMS; SURFACE; OPTICS; TRAPS AB We demonstrate efficient loading of neutral atoms into a magnetic waveguide produced by the magnetic fields of microfabricated current-carrying conductors. The lithographically patterned conductors on this "atom chip" can be used to make a variety of guiding and trapping structures for manipulating cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. A three-chamber vacuum apparatus collects atoms in a magneto-optical trap, precools them via evaporative cooling, and delivers them to the final chamber containing the atom chip. We describe in detail how the precooled atomic cloud is transferred from a macroscopic magnetic Ioffe-Pritchard trap to the microscopic magnetic waveguide on the atom chip 21 cm away. Permanent magnets provide a confining two-dimensional quadrupole field to guide the atoms between the two chambers while longitudinally the cloud is allowed to freely expand during the transfer. Strategically placed coils are used to control the longitudinal size and speed of the atomic cloud as it is loaded on the atom chip. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schwindt, PDD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023612 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200163 ER PT J AU Shresta, S Tiesinga, E Williams, CJ AF Shresta, S Tiesinga, E Williams, CJ TI Scattering-length determination from trapped pairs of atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; COLLISION PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; COLD ATOMS; FOUNTAIN; CESIUM; SUPERFLUID AB A method is described for estimating effective scattering lengths via spectroscopy on a trapped pair of atoms. The method relies on the phenomena that the energy levels of two atoms in a harmonic trap are shifted by their collisional interaction. The amount of shift depends on the strength of the interaction (i.e., scattering length). By combining the spectra of the trap state energy levels and a suitable model for the effective scattering length, an estimate for the latter may be inferred. Two practical methods for measuring the trap spectra are proposed and illustrated in examples. The accuracy of the scheme is analyzed and requirements on measurement precision are given. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shresta, S (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sanjiv.shresta@nist.gov RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.022701 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200094 ER PT J AU Steinhauer, J Ozeri, R Katz, N Davidson, N AF Steinhauer, J Ozeri, R Katz, N Davidson, N TI Peak in the static structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID HELIUM; HARD SPHERES; OUTPUT COUPLER; ATOM LASER; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; GASES AB A peak in the static structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate is computed, both near and far from a Feshbach resonance. A low-density approximation is made, allowing for an analytic result. A Monte Carlo calculation shows that the peak is larger than predicted by the low-density approximation, for the upper range of densities considered here. The peak could be measured by a probe beam of cold atoms. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Steinhauer, J (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023608 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023608 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200159 ER PT J AU Tozzo, C Kramer, M Dalfovo, F AF Tozzo, C Kramer, M Dalfovo, F TI Stability diagram and growth rate of parametric resonances in Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; EQUATION AB A Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice exhibits parametric resonances when the intensity of the lattice is periodically modulated in time. These resonances correspond to an exponential growth of the population of counter-propagating Bogoliubov excitations. A suitable linearization of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation is used to calculate the stability diagram and the growth rates of the unstable modes. The results agree with the ones extracted from time-dependent GP simulations, supporting our previous claim [M. Kramer , Phys. Rev. A 71, 061602(R) (2005)] concerning the key role of parametric resonances in the response observed by Stoferle [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 130403 (2004)] in the superfluid regime. The role of the seed excitations required to trigger the parametric amplification is discussed. The possible amplification of the quantum fluctuations present in the quasiparticle vacuum, beyond GP theory, is also addressed, finding interesting analogies with similar processes in nonlinear quantum optics and with the dynamic Casimir effect. Our results can be used in exploiting parametric instabilities for the purpose of spectroscopy, selective amplification of a particular excitation mode and for establishing a new type of thermometry. C1 Univ Trent, BEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-38050 Povo, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Povo, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tozzo, C (reprint author), Univ Trent, BEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-38050 Povo, Italy. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023613 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200164 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Cockayne, E Waghmare, UV AF Burton, BP Cockayne, E Waghmare, UV TI Correlations between nanoscale chemical and polar order in relaxor ferroelectrics and the lengthscale for polar nanoregions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE PHASE-TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; PB(SC1/2NB1/2)O-3; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PEROVSKITES; MODEL AB Molecular-dynamics simulations of a first-principles Hamiltonian for the model relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 were used to determine the nature of correlations between chemical and polar short-range order. Relative to chemically disordered regions (CDRs), chemically ordered regions (CORs) exhibit enhanced polarization, and polarization fluctuations at all temperatures. Magnitudes of pairwise cluster-cluster polarization correlations follow the trend COR-COR, COR-CDR, CDR-CDR correlations. This result implies that the characteristic lengthscale for polar nanoregions is the same as for chemical short-range order. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. JNCASR, J Nehru Theoret Sci Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.064113 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400043 ER PT J AU Granado, E Urbano, RR Perez, CA Azimonte, C Lynn, JW Souza, RA Souza-Neto, NM Ramos, AY Bychkov, GL Shiryaev, SV Barilo, SN AF Granado, E Urbano, RR Perez, CA Azimonte, C Lynn, JW Souza, RA Souza-Neto, NM Ramos, AY Bychkov, GL Shiryaev, SV Barilo, SN TI Strong orbital correlations in a Fe-substituted spin-glass-manganite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB The compound La0.66Ba0.40Mn0.61Fe0.33O3 shows anisotropic magnetic correlations with no long-range order. Specific heat measurements suggest these correlations represent the bulk. Orbital correlations of Mn(3+)e(g) electrons, surviving in an environment of largely disordered exchange interactions, are invoked to account for this magnetic state. These results argue in favor of a strain-field mechanism for orbital ordering in manganites. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Granado, E (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, CP 6165, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM egranado@ifi.unicamp.br RI Souza-Neto, Narcizo/G-1303-2010; Ramos, Aline /H-6132-2011; Urbano, Ricardo/F-5017-2012; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012; Perez, Carlos/F-9949-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Souza-Neto, Narcizo/0000-0002-7474-8017; Perez, Carlos/0000-0003-4284-3148; NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 AR 052406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.052406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BD UT WOS:000231564300017 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, W Kiryukhin, V Kenzelmann, M Lee, SH Erwin, R Schefer, J Hur, N Park, S Cheong, SW AF Ratcliff, W Kiryukhin, V Kenzelmann, M Lee, SH Erwin, R Schefer, J Hur, N Park, S Cheong, SW TI Magnetic phase diagram of the colossal magnetoelectric DyMn2O5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB We report neutron-diffraction measurements of the magnetic phase diagram of the colossal magnetoelectric DyMn2O5. Our measurements reveal the magnetic origin of the complex dielectric anomalies in this material. Frustrated magnetic interactions result in a large density of low-energy magnetic states which can be selected by the application of relatively small magnetic fields. The unusual combination of magnetic frustration and strong magnetoelastic coupling is responsible for the remarkable changes of the dielectric properties of DyMn2O5 in small applied magnetic fields. C1 NIST, Ctr Neurtron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. ETHZ, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neurtron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 060407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400011 ER PT J AU Yethiraj, M Christen, DK Gapud, AA Paul, DM Crowe, SJ Dewhurst, CD Cubitt, R Porcar, L Gurevich, A AF Yethiraj, M Christen, DK Gapud, AA Paul, DM Crowe, SJ Dewhurst, CD Cubitt, R Porcar, L Gurevich, A TI Temperature and field dependence of the flux-line-lattice symmetry in V3Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VORTEX LATTICES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YNI2B2C; TRANSITION; ERNI2B2C AB In V3Si, a first-order structural phase transition from hexagonal to square flux-line lattice occurs at approximately 1 T with H parallel to to the a axis. In this paper, we demonstrate the reentrant structural transition in the flux-line lattice, which reverts to hexagonal symmetry as the magnetic field approached H-c2(T). This behavior is described very well by a nonlocal London theory with thermal fluctuations. The phase diagram of the flux lattice topology is mapped out for this geometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yethiraj, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI cubitt, robert/B-9408-2008; Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008; OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 060504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400020 ER PT J AU Warren, JA Cabral, JT Douglas, JF AF Warren, JA Cabral, JT Douglas, JF TI Solution of a field theory model of frontal photopolymerization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL ATTENUATION; POLYMERIZATION; LIGHT; PHOTOINITIATION; NONUNIFORMITY; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; WAVES AB Frontal photopolymerization (FPP) provides a versatile method for the rapid fabrication of solid polymer network materials by exposing photosensitive molecules to light. Dimensional control of structures created by this process is crucial in applications ranging from microfluidics and coatings to dentistry, and the availability of a predictive mathematical model of FPP is needed to achieve such control. Previous work has relied on numerical solutions in validating the model against experiments because of the intractability of the governing nonlinear equations. The present paper provides solutions to these equations in the general case in which the optical attenuation decreases (photobleaching) or increases (photodarkening) with photopolymerization. These solutions are of mathematical and physical interest because they support traveling waves of polymerization that propagate logarithmically or linearly in time, depending on the evolution of optical attenuation of the photopolymerized material. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Warren, JA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM james.warren@nist.gov; j.cabral@imperial.ac.uk; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.021801 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 960BA UT WOS:000231564000058 PM 16196591 ER PT J AU Fu, GY Berk, HL Pletzer, A AF Fu, GY Berk, HL Pletzer, A TI Kinetic damping of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FUSION ALPHA-PARTICLES; EXCITATION; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS; CASTOR; WAVES AB The damping of Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes in Joint European Torus (JET) [P. H. Rebut and B. E. Kenn, Fusion Technol.11, 13 (1987)] plasmas is investigated by using a reduced kinetic model. Typically no significant damping is found to occur near the center of the plasma due to mode conversion to kinetic Alfven waves. In contrast, continuum damping from resonance near the plasma edge may be significant, and when it is, it gives rise to damping rates that are compatible with the experimental observations. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Fu, GY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 8 AR 082505 DI 10.1063/1.1995007 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 956OX UT WOS:000231310800030 ER PT J AU Seltzer, SM Inokuti, M AF Seltzer, SM Inokuti, M TI Martin Jacob Berger SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seltzer, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2005 VL 58 IS 8 BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.1063/1.2062927 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 951NI UT WOS:000230937000027 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M AF Frenkel, M. TI Global communications and expert systems in thermodynamics: Connecting property measurement and chemical process design SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermodynamics; expert systems; communications; data; evaluation; databases AB Unprecedented growth in the number of custom-designed software tools for engineering applications has created an interoperability problem between the formats and structures of thermodynamic data files and required input/output structures designed for application software products. Various approaches for standardization of thermophysical and thermochemical property data storage and exchange are analyzed in this paper. Emphasis is made on the development of the XML-based IUPAC standard for thermodynamic data communications: ThermoML. A new process for global data submission and dissemination in the field of thermodynamics based on ThermoML and Guided Data Capture software is described. Establishment of the global submission and dissemination process for thermodynamic data lays the foundation for implementation of the new concept of dynamic data evaluation formulated at NIST/TRC, which requires the development of large electronic databases capable of storing essentially all "raw" experimental data known to date with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties. The combination of these databases with expert software designed primarily to generate recommended data based on available "raw" experimental data and their uncertainties leads to the possibility of producing data compilations automatically "to order", forming a dynamic data infrastructure. Implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept for pure compounds in the new NIST/TRC Thermo Data Engine software is discussed. C1 NIST, TRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, TRC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1367 DI 10.1351/pac200577081349 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GG UT WOS:000207857500006 ER PT J AU Pielke, RA Doesken, N Bliss, O Green, T Chaffin, C Salas, JD Woodhouse, CA Lukas, JJ Wolter, K AF Pielke, RA Doesken, N Bliss, O Green, T Chaffin, C Salas, JD Woodhouse, CA Lukas, JJ Wolter, K TI Drought 2002 in Colorado: An unprecedented drought or a routine drought? SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE drought; precipitation; Colorado; streamflow; snowpack; paleoclimatology AB The 2002 drought in Colorado was reported by the media and by public figures, and even by a national drought-monitoring agency, as an exceptionally severe drought. In this paper we examine evidence for this claim. Our study shows that, while the impacts of water shortages were exceptional everywhere, the observed precipitation deficit was less than extreme over a good fraction of the state. A likely explanation of this discrepancy is the imbalance between water supply and water demand over time. For a given level of water supply, water shortages become intensified as water demands increase over time. The sobering conclusion is that Colorado is more vulnerable to drought today than under similar precipitation deficits in the past. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pielke, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 NR 7 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 162 IS 8-9 BP 1455 EP 1479 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-2679-6 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 939NY UT WOS:000230080900005 ER PT J AU Rao, GV Scheck, JW Edwards, R Schaefer, JT AF Rao, GV Scheck, JW Edwards, R Schaefer, JT TI Structures of mesocirculations producing tornadoes associated with Tropical Cyclone Frances (1998) SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; tornado; tropical cyclone; baroclinic boundary; supercell; mesocyclone ID BOUNDARIES; ATLANTIC AB Radar structures of one mesocyclone and one mesocirculation (the term mesocirculation refers to a class of rotating updrafts, which may or may not be as spatially and temporally large as a typical mesocyclone) that developed a total of four tornadoes in association with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Frances 1998 are presented. One tornado developed within an inner rainband near the time of landfall while three of the other tornadoes developed within an outer rainband nearly 24 hours after the landfall. Radar reflectivities of the tornadic circulations averaged upwards of 40 dBZ while Doppler radar wind components directed toward the radar averaged 11 m s-1. It is realized that although TC Frances was a minimal hurricane it spawned several tornadoes (four of which were studied) causing damage exceeding $2 million. These tornadoes were not all located close to the TC center, serving as a caution to forecasters and emergency personnel that the immediate landfalling area is not the only place to watch. While it is difficult to accurately predict the TC tornado location and time of occurrence, the degree of low-level baroclinicity seems to play an important role in tornadogenesis. Another significant finding is that the tornadoes were produced on the inward side of an inner rainband, as well as the inward side of an outer rainband. Consistent with climatology, the forward right quadrant of the TC developed the four tornadoes studied here. C1 St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Rao, GV (reprint author), St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 162 IS 8-9 BP 1627 EP 1641 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-2686-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 939NY UT WOS:000230080900012 ER PT J AU Blagojevic, B Le Bigot, EO Fahy, K Aguilar, A Makonyi, K Takacs, E Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Burnett, JH Gillaspy, JD Roberts, JR AF Blagojevic, B Le Bigot, EO Fahy, K Aguilar, A Makonyi, K Takacs, E Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Burnett, JH Gillaspy, JD Roberts, JR TI A high efficiency ultrahigh vacuum compatible flat field spectrometer for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-DISCHARGE PLASMAS; CORRECTED CONCAVE GRATINGS; BEAM ION-TRAP; EMISSION-SPECTRA; RADIATION SOURCE; IONIZED XENON; LITHOGRAPHY; SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY; REGION AB A custom, flat field, extreme ultraviolet spectrometer built specifically for use with low power light sources that operate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is reported. The spectral range of the spectrometer extends from 4 nm to 40 nm. The instrument optimizes the light gathering power and signal-to-noise ratio while achieving good resolution. A detailed description of the spectrometer and design considerations are presented, as well as a procedure that could be used to obtain a synthetic wavelength calibration with the aid of only a single known spectral feature. This synthetic wavelength calibration is compared to a standard wavelength calibration obtained from previously reported spectral lines of Xe, Ar, and Ne ions recorded with this spectrometer. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Super, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin, Ireland. NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blagojevic, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 8 AR 083102 DI 10.1063/1.1988227 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 956CN UT WOS:000231276600003 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Rottman, G Vest, R AF Woods, TN Rottman, G Vest, R TI XUV Photometer System (XPS): Overview and calibrations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; EUV IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; FLUX MODEL; REFERENCE SPECTRUM; FAR ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET SUN; FORMULATION; DETECTORS; STABILITY; EMISSION AB The solar soft X-ray (XUV) radiation is highly variable on both short-term time scales of minutes to hours due to flares and long-term time scales of months to years due to solar cycle variations. Because of the smaller X-ray cross sections, the solar XUV radiation penetrates deeper than the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and thus influences the photochemistry and ionization in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The XUV Photometer System (XPS) aboard the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is a set of photometers to measure the solar XUV irradiance shortward of 34 nm and the bright hydrogen emission at 121.6 nm. Each photometer has a spectral bandpass of about 7 nm, and the XPS measurements have an accuracy of about 20%. The XPS pre-flight calibrations include electronics gain and linearity calibrations in the laboratory over its operating temperature range, field of view relative maps, and responsivity calibrations using the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The XPS in-flight calibrations include redundant channels used weekly and underflight rocket measurements from the NASA Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics-Dynamics (TIMED) program. The SORCE XPS measurements have been validated with the TIMED XPS measurements. The comparisons to solar EUV models indicate differences by as much as a factor of 4 for some of the models, thus SORCE XPS measurements could be used to improve these models. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woods@lasp.colorado.edu; rottman@lasp.colorado.edu; robert.vest@nist.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-4119-2 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 991FH UT WOS:000233797200017 ER PT J AU Herweijer, C Seager, R Winton, M Clement, A AF Herweijer, C Seager, R Winton, M Clement, A TI Why ocean heat transport warms the global mean climate SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEOPROTEROZOIC SNOWBALL EARTH; TROPICAL OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; IMPACT AB Observational and modelling evidence suggest that poleward ocean heat transport (OHT) can vary in response to both natural climate variability and greenhouse warming. Recent modelling studies have shown that increased OHT warms both the tropical and global mean climates. Using two different coupled climate models with mixed-layer oceans, with and without OHT, along with a coupled model with a fixed-current ocean component in which the currents are uniformly reduced and increased by 50%, an attempt is made to explain why this may happen. OHT warms the global mean climate by 1 to 1.6 K in the atmospheric general circulation (AGCM) ML model and 3.5 K in the AGCM fixed current model. In each model the warming is attributed to an increase in atmospheric greenhouse trapping, primarily clear-sky greenhouse trapping, and a reduction in albedo. This occurs as OHT moistens the atmosphere, particularly at subtropical latitudes. This is not purely a thermodynamic response to the reduction in planetary albedo at these latitudes. It is a change in atmospheric circulation that both redistributes the water vapour and allows for a global atmospheric moistening-a positive 'dynamical' water vapour feedback. With increasing OHT the atmospheric water vapour content increases as atmospheric convection spreads out of the deep tropics. The global mean planetary albedo is decreased with increased OHT. This change is explained by a decrease in subtropical and mid-latitude low cloudiness, along with a reduction in high-latitude surface albedo due to decreased sea ice. The climate models with the mixed layer oceans underestimate both the subtropical low cloud cover and the high-latitude sea ice/surface albedo, and consequently have a smaller warming response to OHT. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Herweijer, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM celineh@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 80 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 4 BP 662 EP 675 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2005.00121.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 946LE UT WOS:000230572900011 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Fuelberg, HE Watson, AI AF Smith, JR Fuelberg, HE Watson, AI TI Warm season lightning distributions over the northern Gulf of Mexico coast and their relation to synoptic-scale and mesoscale environments SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; GROUND FLASH DENSITY; 1996 SUMMER OLYMPICS; CONVECTIVE INITIATION; FLORIDA PENINSULA; DETECTION NETWORK; SOUTH FLORIDA; CLOUD; CLIMATOLOGY; BREEZE AB Cloud-to-ground lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network are used to create a warm season (May-September) lightning climatology for the northern Gulf Of Mexico coast for the 14-yr period 1989-2002. Each day is placed into one of five flow regimes based on the orientation of the low-level flow with respect to the coastline. This determination is made using the vector mean 1000-700-hPa wind data at Lake Charles and Slidell, Louisiana. Flash densities are calculated for daily, hourly, and nocturnal periods. Spatial patterns of composite 24-h and nocturnal flash density indicate that lightning decreases in an east-to-west direction over the region. Flash densities for the 24-h period Lire greatest over land near the coast, with relative maxima located near Houston, Texas; Lake Charles, Baton Rouge, and New Orleans, Louisiana; Biloxi, Mississippi; and Mobile, Alabama. Flash densities during the nocturnal period are greatest over the coastal waters. Lightning across the northern Gulf coast is closely related to the prevailing low-level synoptic flow, which controls the sea breeze, the dominant forcing mechanism during the warm season. Southwest flow, the most unstable and humid of the five regimes, exhibits the most flashes. In this case, sea-breeze-induced convection is located slightly inland from the coast. Northeast now, the driest and most stable of the regimes, exhibits the least amount of lightning. The large-scale flow restricts the sea breeze to near the coastline. Geographic features and local mesoscale circulations are found to affect lightning across the region. Geographic features include lakes, bays, marshes, swamps, and coastline orientations. Thermal circulations associated with these features interact with the main sea breeze to produce complex lightning patterns over the area. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Fuelberg, HE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM fuelberg@met.fsu.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 415 EP 438 DI 10.1175/WAF870.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200002 ER PT J AU Kidder, SQ Kusselson, SJ Knaff, JA Ferraro, RR Kuligowski, RJ Turk, M AF Kidder, SQ Kusselson, SJ Knaff, JA Ferraro, RR Kuligowski, RJ Turk, M TI The tropical rainfall potential (TRaP) technique. Part I: Description and examples SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION ALGORITHMS; CYCLONES AB Inland flooding caused by heavy rainfall from landfalling tropical cyclones is a significant threat to life and property. The tropical rainfall potential (TRaP) technique, which couples satellite estimates of rain rate in tropical cyclones with track forecasts to produce a forecast of 24-h rainfall from a storm, was developed to better estimate the magnitude of this threat. This paper outlines the history of the TRaP technique, details its current algorithms, and offers examples of its use in forecasting. Part II of this paper covers verification of the technique. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, Satellite Serv Div, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kidder, SQ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kidder@cira.colostate.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 456 EP 464 DI 10.1175/WAF860.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200004 ER PT J AU Ferraro, R Pellegrino, P Turk, M Chen, WC Qiu, SH Kuligowski, R Kusselson, S Irving, A Kidder, S Knaff, J AF Ferraro, R Pellegrino, P Turk, M Chen, WC Qiu, SH Kuligowski, R Kusselson, S Irving, A Kidder, S Knaff, J TI The tropical rainfall potential (TRaP) technique. Part II: Validation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; UNITED-STATES; ALGORITHM; VERIFICATION; PROGRAM; SYSTEM; SEASON; SKILL; NMC AB Satellite analysts at the Satellite Services Division (SSD) of the National Environmental, Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) routinely generate 24-h rainfall potential for all tropical systems that are expected to make landfall within 24 to at most 36 h and are of tropical storm or greater strength (> 65 km h(-1)). These estimates, known as the tropical rainfall potential (TRaP), are generated in an objective manner by taking instantaneous rainfall estimates from passive microwave sensors, advecting this rainfall pattern along the predicted storm track, and accumulating rainfall over the next 24 h. In this study, the TRaPs generated by SSD during the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season have been validated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stage IV hourly rainfall estimates. An objective validation package was used to generate common statistics such as correlation, bias, root-mean-square error, etc. It was found that by changing the minimum rain-rate threshold, the results could be drastically different. It was determined that a minimum threshold of 25.4 mm day(-1) was appropriate for use with TRaP. By stratifying the data by different criteria, it was discovered that the TRaPs generated using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) rain rates, with its optimal set of measurement frequencies, improved spatial resolution, and advanced retrieval algorithm, produced the best results. In addition, the best results were found for TRaPs generated for storms that were between 12 and 18 h from landfall. Since the TRaP is highly dependent on the forecast track of the storm, selected TRaPs were rerun using the observed track contained in the NOAA/Tropical Prediction Center (TPC) "best track." Although some TRaPs were not significantly improved by using this best track, significant improvements were realized in some instances. Finally, as a benchmark for the usefulness of TRaP, comparisons were made to Eta Model 24-h precipitation forecasts as well as three climatological maximum rainfall methods. It was apparent that the satellite-based TRaP outperforms the Eta Model in virtually every statistical category, while the climatological methods produced maximum rainfall totals closer to the stage IV maximum amounts when compared with TRaP, although these methods are for storm totals while TRaP is for a 24-h period. C1 Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ferraro, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, 2207 Space & Comp Sci Bldg 224, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 465 EP 475 DI 10.1175/WAF861.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200005 ER PT J AU LaPenta, KD Bosart, LF Galarneau, TJ Dickinson, MJ AF LaPenta, KD Bosart, LF Galarneau, TJ Dickinson, MJ TI A multiscale examination of the 31 May 1998 Mechanicville, New York, Tornado SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE LOCAL STORMS; SEVERE WEATHER; UNITED-STATES; SUPERCELL; THUNDERSTORM; ENVIRONMENTS; REANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB On 31 May 1998, an F3 tornado struck Mechanicville, New York, injuring 68 people and causing $71 million in damage. The tornado was part of a widespread, severe weather outbreak across the northeast United States. The synoptic conditions that caused the outbreak and the mesoscale and storm-scale environments that produced the tornado are discussed. The coupling of two strong upper-level jets and a very strong low-level jet, in association with an unseasonably strong surface cyclone, created a synoptic-scale environment favorable for severe weather. As the result of these jet interactions, a very warm, moist air mass was transported into the Northeast with an associated increase in the wind shear in the lower troposphere. A terrain-channeled low-level southerly flow up the Hudson Valley may have created a mesoscale environment that was especially favorable for tornadic supercell development by increasing storm-relative helicity in the low levels of the atmosphere and by transporting warm, moist air northward up the valley, leading to increased instability. A broken line of locally severe thunderstorms moved eastward across New York several hours prior to the tornado. The storm that produced the Mechanicville tornado developed over central New York ahead of this line of storms. As the line of storms moved east, it intensified into a solid line and bowed forward down the Mohawk Valley of New York. These storms were moving faster than the isolated supercell to the east and overtook the supercell where the eastern end of the Mohawk Valley opens into the Hudson Valley. Based on limited observational evidence and the results of simulations of idealized quasi-linear convective systems reported elsewhere in the literature, it is hypothesized that backed low-level flow ahead of a bookend vortex at the northern end of the bowing line of storms over the Mohawk Valley may have contributed to the tornadoggenesis process as the squall line overtook and interacted with the intensifying supercell. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Albany, NY 12203 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP LaPenta, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, CESTM Suite B-200,251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM kenneth.lapenta@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 494 EP 516 DI 10.1175/WAF875.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200007 ER PT J AU van den Broeke, MS Schultz, DM Johns, RH Evans, JS Hales, JE AF van den Broeke, MS Schultz, DM Johns, RH Evans, JS Hales, JE TI Cloud-to-ground lightning production in strongly forced, low-instability convective lines associated with damaging wind SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HOKURIKU DISTRICT; RADAR ECHOES; THUNDERSTORMS; SYSTEMS; CHAFF; THUNDERCLOUDS; ENVIRONMENTS; LEVEL; MODEL; CYCLE AB During 9-11 November 1998 and 9-10 March 2002, two similar convective lines moved across the central and eastern United States. Both convective lines initiated over the southern plains along strong surface-based cold fronts in moderately unstable environments. Both lines were initially associated with cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, as detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, and both events met the criteria to be classified as derechos, producing swaths of widespread damaging wind. After moving into areas of marginal, if any, instability over the upper Midwest, CG lightning production ceased or nearly ceased, although the damaging winds continued. The 9 March 2002 line experienced a second phase of frequent CG lightning farther east over the mid-Atlantic states. Analysis of these two events shows that the production of CG lightning was sensitive to the occurrence and vertical distribution of instability. Periods with frequent CG lightning were associated with sufficient instability within the lower mixed-phase region of the cloud (i.e., the temperature range approximately between -10 degrees and -20 degrees C), a lifting condensation level warmer than -10 degrees C, and an equilibrium level colder than -20 degrees C. Periods with little or no CG lightning possessed limited, if any, instability in the lower mixed-phase region. The current Storm Prediction Center guidelines for forecasting these convective lines are presented. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73609 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Natl Weather Ctr Res Experiences Undergrad, Norman, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA NWS NCEP Storm, Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Ctr, Norman, OK 73609 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010; Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975; Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1175/WAF876.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200008 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M Mainelli, M Shay, LK Knaff, JA Kaplan, J AF DeMaria, M Mainelli, M Shay, LK Knaff, JA Kaplan, J TI Further improvements to the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; TYPHOON INTENSITY; ATLANTIC BASIN; LANDFALL; DECAY; MODEL AB Modifications to the Atlantic and east Pacific versions of the operational Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) for each year from 1997 to 2003 are described. Major changes include the addition of a method to account for the storm decay over land in 2000, the extension of the forecasts from 3 to 5 days in 2001, and the use of an operational global model for the evaluation of the atmospheric predictors instead of a simple dry-adiabatic model beginning in 2001. A verification of the SHIPS operational intensity forecasts is presented. Results show that the 1997-2003 SHIPS forecasts had statistically significant skill (relative to climatology and persistence) out to 72 h in the Atlantic, and at 48 and 72 h in the east Pacific. The inclusion of the land effects reduced the intensity errors by up to 15% in the Atlantic, and up to 3% in the east Pacific, primarily for the shorter-range forecasts. The inclusion of land effects did not significantly degrade the forecasts at any time period. Results also showed that the 4-5-day forecasts that began in 2001 did not have skill in the Atlantic, but had some skill in the east Pacific. An experimental version of SHIPS that included satellite observations was tested during the 2002 and 2003 seasons. New predictors included brightness temperature information from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) channel 4 (10.7 mu m) imagery, and oceanic heat content (OHC) estimates inferred from satellite altimetry observations. The OHC estimates were only available for the Atlantic basin. The GOES data significantly improved the east Pacific forecasts by up to 7% at 12-72 h. The combination of GOES and satellite altimetry improved the Atlantic forecasts by up to 3.5% through 72 h for those storms west of 50 degrees W. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA NESDIS ORA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Miami Univ, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL USA. CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NOAA Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA NESDIS ORA, W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mark.DeMaria@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 NR 23 TC 218 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1175/WAF862.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200009 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL Alves, JHGM Chao, YY AF Tolman, HL Alves, JHGM Chao, YY TI Operational forecasting of wind-generated waves by hurricane Isabel at NCEP SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN WAVES; MODEL; SYSTEM; SEA AB The accuracy of the operational wave models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for sea states generated by Hurricane Isabel is assessed. The western North Atlantic (WNA) and the North Atlantic hurricane (NAH) wave models are validated using analyzed wind fields, and wave observations from the Jason-1 altimeter and from 15 moored buoys. Both models provided excellent guidance for Isabel in the days preceding landfall of the hurricane along the east coast of the United States. However, the NAH model outperforms the WNA model in the initial stages of Isabel, when she was a category 5 hurricane. The NAH model was also more accurate in providing guidance for the swell systems arriving at the U.S. coast well before landfall of Isabel. Although major model deficiencies can be attributed to shortcomings in the driving wind fields, several areas of potential wave model improvement have been identified. C1 NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Rm 209,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Hendrik.Tolman@NOAA.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 544 EP 557 DI 10.1175/WAF852.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200010 ER PT J AU Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ AF Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ TI Model forecast improvements with decreased horizontal grid spacing over finescale intermountain orography during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLD-AIR POOLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; MM5; SYSTEM; STORMS; MOUNTAINS; BASIN AB Forecasts produced for the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (23 January-25 March 2002) by a multiply nested version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) are examined to determine if decreasing horizontal grid spacing to 4 km improves forecast accuracy over the finescale topography of the Intermountain West. The verification is based on high-density observations collected by the MesoWest cooperative networks, including approximately 200 wind and temperature sites and 100 precipitation sites across northern Utah. Wind and precipitation forecasts produced by the 4-km MM5 domain were more accurate (based on traditional measures) than those of its parent 12-km domain. The most significant improvements in wind speed forecasts occurred at night in valleys and lowland locations where the topography of the 4-km domain produced more accurate nocturnal flows. Wind direction forecast improvements were most substantial at mountain sites where the better topographic resolution of the 4-km domain more accurately reflected the exposure of these locations to the free atmosphere. The 4-km domain also produced quantitative precipitation forecasts that were either equally (small events) or more (large events) accurate than the 12-km domain. Precipitation bias errors varied substantially between the two domains since the representation of the region's narrow, steeply sloped, basin-and-range topography improved dramatically at 4-km grid spacing. Curiously, the overall accuracy of temperature forecasts by the 4-km domain was not significantly better than that of the 12-km domain. This was due to an inability of the MM5 to properly simulate nocturnal and persistent cold pools within mountain valleys and the lowlands upstream of the Wasatch Mountains. Paradoxically, the added resolution of the 4-km domain, coupled with the failure of this version of the MM5 to fully capture the nocturnal and persistent cold pools, resulted in poorer skill scores. At upper elevations, which are typically above the cold pools, the 4-km domain was substantially more accurate. These results illustrate that decreasing horizontal grid spacing to less than 10 km does improve wind and precipitation forecasts over finescale Intermountain West topography. It is hypothesized that model improvements will ultimately enable the advantages of added model resolution to be fully realized for temperature forecasts over the Intermountain West. C1 Univ Utah, NOAA Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hart, KA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Suite 6K110,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kenneth.hart@usafa.af.mil NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 558 EP 576 DI 10.1175/WAF865.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200011 ER PT J AU Doswell, CA Brooks, HE Kay, MP AF Doswell, CA Brooks, HE Kay, MP TI Climatological estimates of daily local nontornadic severe thunderstorm probability for the United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TORNADO CLIMATOLOGY; SUPERCELL AB The probability of nontornadic severe weather event reports near any location in the United States for any day of the year has been estimated. Gaussian smoothers in space and time have been applied to the observed record of severe thunderstorm occurrence from 1980 to 1994 to produce daily maps and annual cycles at any point. Many aspects of this climatology have been identified in previous work, but the method allows for the consideration of the record in several new ways. A review of the raw data, broken down in various ways, reveals that numerous non meteorological artifacts are present in the raw data. These are predominantly associated with the marginal nontornadic severe thunderstorm events, including an enormous growth in the number of severe weather reports since the mid-1950s. Much of this growth may be associated with a drive to improve warning verification scores. The smoothed spatial and temporal distributions of the probability of nontornadic severe thunderstorm events are presented in several ways. The distribution of significant nontornadic severe thunderstorm reports (wind speeds >= 65 kt and/or hailstone diameters >= 2 in.) is consistent with the hypothesis that supercells are responsible for the majority of such reports. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. NOAA Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Doswell, CA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, CI-MMS,100 E Boyd St,Rm 1110, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM cdoswell@gcn.ou.edu RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 23 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 577 EP 595 DI 10.1175/WAF866.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200012 ER PT J AU Dubois, JA Spencer, PL AF Dubois, JA Spencer, PL TI Computing divergence from a surface network: Comparison of the triangle and pentagon methods SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CORRECTIONS OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS SCHEME; DERIVATIVE ESTIMATION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; VECTOR; DIAGNOSIS; VORTEX; FIELD AB Two methods for creating gridded fields of divergence from irregularly spaced wind observations are evaluated by sampling analytic fields of cyclones and anticyclones of varying wavelengths using a surface network. For the triangle method, which requires a triangular tessellation of the station network and assumes that the wind varies linearly within each triangle, divergence estimates are obtained directly from the wind observations and are assumed valid at triangle centroids. These irregularly spaced centroid divergence estimates then are analyzed to a grid using a Barnes analysis scheme. For the pentagon method, which requires a pentagonal tessellation of the station network and assumes that the wind varies quadratically within each pentagon, divergence estimates also are obtained directly from the wind observations and are valid at the station lying within the interior of each pentagon. These irregularly spaced divergence estimates then are analyzed to a grid using the same Barnes analysis scheme. It is found that for errorless observations, the triangle method provides better analyses than the pentagon method for all wavelengths considered, despite the more restrictive assumption by the triangle method regarding the wind field. For well-sampled wavelengths, however, the preanalyzed divergence estimates at the interior stations of pentagons are found to be superior to those at triangle centroids. When random, Gaussian errors are added to the observations, all advantages of the pentagon method over the triangle method are found to disappear. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Oklahoma Weather Ctr, Res Expt Undergrad Program, Norman, OK USA. RP Spencer, PL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM phillip.spencer@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 596 EP 608 DI 10.1175/WAF867.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200013 ER PT J AU Wandishin, MS Baldwin, ME Mullen, SL AF Wandishin, MS Baldwin, ME Mullen, SL TI Short-range ensemble forecasts of precipitation type SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; FREEZING RAIN; ICE PELLETS; SKILL; MODEL; VERIFICATION; FRAMEWORK; NCEP AB Short-range ensemble forecasting is extended to a critical winter weather problem: forecasting precipitation type. Forecast soundings from the operational NCEP Short-Range Ensemble Forecast system are combined with five precipitation-type algorithms to produce probabilistic forecasts from January through March 2002. Thus the ensemble combines model diversity, initial condition diversity, and postprocessing algorithm diversity. All verification numbers are conditioned on both the ensemble and observations recording some form of precipitation. This separates the forecast of type from the yes-no precipitation forecast. The ensemble is very skillful in forecasting rain and snow but it is only moderately skillful for freezing rain and unskillful for ice pellets. However, even for the unskillful forecasts the ensemble shows some ability to discriminate between the different precipitation types and thus provides some positive value to forecast users. Algorithm diversity is shown to be as important as initial condition diversity in terms of forecast quality, although neither has as big an impact as model diversity. The algorithms have their individual strengths and weaknesses, but no algorithm is clearly better or worse than the others overall. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wandishin, MS (reprint author), NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM matt.wandishin@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 609 EP 626 DI 10.1175/WAF871.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200014 ER PT J AU Chao, YY Alves, JHGM Tolman, HL AF Chao, YY Alves, JHGM Tolman, HL TI An operational system for predicting hurricane-generated wind waves in the North Atlantic Ocean SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID COUPLED MODEL; NCEP; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; SEASON AB A new wind-wave prediction model, referred to as the North Atlantic hurricane (NAH) wave model, has been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to produce forecasts of hurricane-generated waves during the Atlantic hurricane season. A detailed description of this model and a comparison of its performance against the operational western North Atlantic (WNA) wave model during Hurricanes Isidore and Lili, in 2002, are presented. The NAH and WNA models are identical in their physics and numerics. The NAH model uses a wind field obtained by blending data from NCEP's operational Global Forecast System (GFS) with those from a higher-resolution hurricane prediction model, whereas the WNA wave model uses winds provided exclusively by the GFS. Relative biases of the order of 10% in the prediction of maximum wave heights up to 48 h in advance, indicate that the use of higher-resolution winds in the NAH model provides a successful framework for predicting extreme sea states generated by a hurricane. Consequently, the NAH model has been made operational at NCEP for use during the Atlantic hurricane season. C1 NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Alves, JHGM (reprint author), NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Rm 209,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Henrique.Alves@NOAA.gov NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 652 EP 671 DI 10.1175/WAF851.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200017 ER PT J AU Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ Manross, KL AF Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ Manross, KL TI A reassessment of the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; PREDICTION; VORTEX; STORM AB A large set of data collected by numerous Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) units around the United States was analyzed to reassess the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones. Out of the 5322 individual mesocyclone detections that satisfied the relatively stringent WSR-88D Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm objective criteria, only 26% were associated with tornadoes. In terms of height or altitude of mesocyclone base, 15% of midaltitude mesocyclone detections were tornadic, and more than 40% of low-altitude mesocyclone detections (e.g., those with bases <= 1000 m above radar level) were tornadic. These results confirm that a low-altitude mesocyclone is much more likely to be associated with a tornado than is a midaltitude mesocyclone, and more generally, that the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones is indeed lower than previously thought. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NOAA Natl Weather Serv Meteorol Dev Lab, Norman, OK USA. NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jtrapp@purdue.edu NR 14 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1175/WAF864.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200019 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M AF Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M TI An operational statistical typhoon intensity prediction scheme for the Western North Pacific SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; MODEL; HURRICANES; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; CLIMATOLOGY; PERSISTENCE AB The current version of the Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction Scheme (STIPS) used operationally at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to provide 12-hourly tropical cyclone intensity guidance through day 5 is documented. STIPS is a multiple linear regression model. It was developed using a "perfect prog" assumption and has a statistical-dynamical framework, which utilizes environmental information obtained from Navy Operational Global Analysis and Prediction System (NOGAPS) analyses and the JTWC historical best track for development. NOGAPS forecast fields are used in real time. A separate version of the model (decay-STIPS) is produced that accounts for the effects of landfall by using an empirical inland decay model. Despite their simplicity, STIPS and decay-STIPS produce skillful intensity forecasts through 4 days, based on a 48-storm verification (July 2003-October 2004). Details of this model's development and operational performance are presented. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM knaff@cira.colostate.edu RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 43 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 688 EP 699 DI 10.1175/WAF863.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200020 ER PT J AU Otte, TL AF Otte, TL TI Linking the Eta Model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System to build a National Air Quality Forecasting System (vol 20, pg 367, 2005) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Otte, TL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 700 EP 700 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200021 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Peterson, TC Lawrimore, JH Reynolds, RW AF Smith, TM Peterson, TC Lawrimore, JH Reynolds, RW TI New surface temperature analyses for climate monitoring SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Global surface temperature is a critical measure of climate variation. Here the averages of a new surface-temperature analysis are compared to an estimate of the global average which has been used for monitoring surface-temperature variations at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) since 1998. As a replacement to the existing method, this new analysis uses improved methods that provide error estimates as well as the ability to perform analyses on finer spatial scales. Comparisons show only minor global-average differences, and the two estimates indicate essentially the same trend over the historical record, beginning in 1880. The two are most similar after about 1970, a period with a large change in the global-average temperature. The uncertainty estimates computed here account for changes in sampling and for systematic bias uncertainties. The means of the different analyses generally fall within the uncertainty estimates. The uncertainty computed here indicates that anomalies in the 19th century may not be significant, but the 20th century trends are significant. C1 Univ Maryland, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA,Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA,Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14712 DI 10.1029/2005GL023402 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 951MR UT WOS:000230935100006 ER PT J AU Chen, W Yang, S Huang, RH AF Chen, W Yang, S Huang, RH TI Relationship between stationary planetary wave activity and the East Asian winter monsoon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; ANNULAR MODES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE WINTER; ANOMALIES; TROPOSPHERE; PACIFIC AB The variability of both the stationary planetary wave activity and the East Asian winter monsoon is strongly associated with the thermal contrast between oceans and landmasses. In this study, we explore the interannual relationship between the monsoon and the wave activity defined by an index of the difference in the divergence of Eliassen-Palm flux between 50 degrees N at 500 hPa and 40 degrees N at 300 hPa. It is found that, compared to the winters of low wave activity, the equatorward propagation of planetary waves in the middle and upper troposphere is stronger in the high wave activity winters. During these high activity winters, the upward wave propagation from the troposphere into the stratosphere becomes weaker. This is accompanied by a smaller perturbation in the polar vortex, which tends to be colder and stronger. In the meantime, the East Asian westerly jet stream, the East Asian trough, the Siberian high, and the Aleutian low all become weaker apparently. In particular, the weakening of the Siberian high and the Aleutian low decreases the northeasterly wind over East Asia, leading to a warming condition in the region especially in northeastern Asia. A further analysis reveals that the zonal wavenumber-2 pattern of planetary waves contributes dominantly to the variability of the East Asian winter monsoon. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. NOAA, Climat Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Chen, Wen/G-6058-2011 OI Chen, Wen/0000-0001-9327-9079 NR 41 TC 79 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14110 DI 10.1029/2004JD005669 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951OZ UT WOS:000230941500001 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Draxler, RR Oltmans, SJ AF Harris, JM Draxler, RR Oltmans, SJ TI Trajectory model sensitivity to differences in input data and vertical transport method SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB In this study, trajectory model sensitivity to the input meteorological data and vertical transport method is quantified. ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets are used to compare isentropic and kinematic 3-D tropospheric trajectories. Expanding on previous trajectory sensitivity studies, we accumulate deviation statistics for an entire year and for three geographically diverse sites. The horizontal trajectory deviations are summarized as a percentage of average distance traveled. These results allow ranking from least to greatest among the five causes of trajectory uncertainty investigated here: minor differences in computational methodology, 3-4%; time interpolation, 9-25%; vertical transport method, 18-34%; meteorological input data, 30-40%; and combined two-way differences in vertical transport method and meteorological input data, 39-47%. Although the deviations are somewhat dependent on starting location because of the influence of meteorology, at all three sites, 3-D trajectories attained higher elevations and wind speeds than isentropic trajectories. In addition, deviation statistics for 3-D trajectories exceeded those for isentropic trajectories. The reasons for this derive from uncertainties in the supplied vertical wind fields and the higher wind speeds in 3-D trajectories on the one hand and the vertical constraints imposed by the isentropic assumption on the other. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Harris, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joyce.m.harris@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14109 DI 10.1029/2004JD005750 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951OZ UT WOS:000230941500005 ER PT J AU Li, JL Cunnold, DM Wang, HJ Weiss, RF Miller, BR Harth, C Salameh, P Harris, JM AF Li, JL Cunnold, DM Wang, HJ Weiss, RF Miller, BR Harth, C Salameh, P Harris, JM TI Halocarbon emissions estimated from advanced global atmospheric gases experiment measured pollution events at Trinidad Head, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL CHLOROFORM EMISSIONS; HEMISPHERE BASE-LINE; EUROPEAN AIR MASSES; ACTIVE TRACE GASES; MACE HEAD; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; UNITED-STATES; METHANE; IRELAND; TRENDS AB The emissions of halogenated gases from the West Coast region of the United States are estimated from measurements from 1995 to 2003 at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment site at Trinidad Head, California. The emissions estimation procedure uses pollution events combined with population densities integrated along back trajectories, and the estimates are constrained by independent estimates of CH4 and N2O emissions from the U. S. West Coast region. The best fit, average emissions of CH4 and N2O and the average chloroform emissions in California, Oregon, and Washington combined from 1996 to 2002 are 44, 3.7, and 0.07 kg person(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The emissions per person of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-2 (CCl2F2), CFC-113 (CCl2FCClF2), and methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) from California in 1996-1998 are calculated to be factors of approximately 2.2, 1.3, 0.7, and 1.6, respectively, less (more for CFC-113) than those reported for the northeastern United States by Barnes et al. (2003). The emission per person of all these gases in the U. S. West Coast region decreased from 1998 to 1999 by a factor of 2 or more, but from 1999 to 2002 the estimated emissions of all four gases have remained fairly constant and are 0.016, 0.048, 0.002, and 0.006 kg person(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The methyl chloroform estimates suggest a delay of up to 1 year in the decline of the emissions from 1996 to 1998, but otherwise, and in 1999-2000, in contrast to the Millet and Goldstein (2004) results, they are in agreement with the average methyl chloroform emissions per person for the United States based on the UNEP country by country consumption figures (A. McCulloch, private communication, 2004). Averaging the Trinidad Head and the Barnes et al. (2003) per person estimates and multiplying by the U. S. population suggests average methyl chloroform emissions in the United States of 18 Gg yr(-1) in 1996 to 1998. In 2001-2002, if the ratio of the emissions per person in these two regions was the same as in 1996-1998, we estimate U. S. emissions of 2.2 Gg yr(-1), which is one half of the Millet and Goldstein (2004) estimate. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Li, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cunnold@eas.gatech.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14308 DI 10.1029/2004JD005739 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951OZ UT WOS:000230941500004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PO Rosenband, T Langer, C Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Wineland, DJ AF Schmidt, PO Rosenband, T Langer, C Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Wineland, DJ TI Spectroscopy using quantum logic SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LASER FREQUENCY STANDARD; TRAPPED IONS; TRANSITION; STATES AB We present a general technique for precision spectroscopy of atoms that lack suitable transitions for efficient laser cooling, internal state preparation, and detection. In our implementation with trapped atomic ions, an auxiliary "logic" ion provides sympathetic laser cooling, state initialization, and detection for a simultaneously trapped "spectroscopy" ion. Detection is achieved by applying a mapping operation to each ion, which results in a coherent transfer of the spectroscopy ion's internal state onto the logic ion, where it is then measured with high efficiency. Experimental realization, by using (9)Be(+) as the logic ion and (27)Al(+) as the spectroscopy ion, indicates the feasibility of applying this technique to make accurate optical clocks based on single ions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM piet.schmidt@uibk.ac.at RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889 NR 22 TC 239 Z9 242 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 29 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 5735 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1126/science.1114375 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 951NU UT WOS:000230938200043 PM 16051790 ER PT J AU Smith, Z Dryer, M Fry, CD AF Smith, Z Dryer, M Fry, CD TI Determining shock velocities for inputs to Sun-to-Earth models from radio and coronagraph data SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; MASS EJECTIONS; ARRIVAL TIMES; SPEED AB The speed of a shock that precedes ejecta from a solar energetic eruption is one of the key parameters used for input by many numerical models that predict the arrival of interplanetary shocks at Earth. These shocks are likely to be followed by significant geomagnetic activity. Near-real-time "fearless forecasts'' of shock arrival times at the L1 libration point have been made for more than 6 years with several models. Initially, these models used, for input speeds near the Sun, speeds obtained from observations of metric type II radio bursts that are signatures of shocks propagating out through the solar corona. More recently, speeds of halo/partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were also considered in these models as another measure of shock speeds close to the Sun. During the period of high solar activity in October-November 2003, the data required for input into the models were often available in near real time from a number of observing stations. Therefore the fearless forecasts were issued in some cases with alternative inputs. These forecasts provided a basis on which to compare the success of the predictions (in terms of how close each prediction of the shock arrival time was to the observed time). The results of the analysis of this data set provide guidelines for selecting the input speed for shock propagation models. Both CME and metric type II radio burst measurements are shown to be useful and complementary. In general, the highest speed gave the best predictions. This demonstrates the desirability of having coronagraph data available for operational use. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zdenka.smith@noaa.gov RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL 28 PY 2005 VL 3 IS 7 AR S07002 DI 10.1029/2004SW000136 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953YD UT WOS:000231120400001 ER PT J AU Karstensen, J Schlosser, P Wallace, DWR Bullister, JL Blindheim, J AF Karstensen, J Schlosser, P Wallace, DWR Bullister, JL Blindheim, J TI Water mass transformation in the Greenland Sea during the 1990s SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE CIRCULATION; DENMARK STRAIT OVERFLOW; NORDIC SEAS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; LAGRANGIAN DRIFTERS; NCEP REANALYSES; NORWEGIAN SEAS AB [ 1] Time series of hydrographic and transient tracer measurements were used to study the variability of Greenland Sea water mass transformation between 1991 and 2000. Increases in tracer inventories indicate active renewal of Greenland Sea Intermediate Water (GSIW) at a rate of 0.1 to 0.2 Sv (1 Sv = 1 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) (10-year average). A temperature maximum (T-max) was established at the base of the upper layer ( 500 m) as a consequence of anomalously strong freshwater input into the near-surface layer at the beginning of the 1990s. T-max rapidly descended to 1500 m by 1995 followed by a much slower rate of descent. GSIW became warmer and less saline compared to the 1980s. During the deepening phase of T-max, atmospheric data revealed above-average wind stress curl and oceanic heat loss. In addition, high Arctic Ocean sea-ice export and lack of local sea-ice formation have been documented for that period. A combination of all these factors may have evoked the renewal of GSIW with anomalously freshwater from the upper layers. The Tmax layer established a stability maximum that inhibits vertical exchange between intermediate and deeper waters. Temperature and salinity of deep waters continued to increase at rates of 0.01 degrees C yr(-1) and 0.001 yr(-1), respectively. However, since 1993, decrease in and homogenization of deep water transient tracer concentrations indicate that renewal occurred predominantly by addition of Arctic Ocean waters. In 2000 the water column ( 500 m to 3400 m) required an additional 60 W m(-2) ( 110 W m(-2)) over the annual mean heat loss to restore its heat content to 1989 ( 1971) values. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Havforskningsinst, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Karstensen, J (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, IFM GEOMAR, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM jkarstensen@ifm-geomar.de; schlosser@ldeo.columbia.edu; dwallace@ifm-geomar.de; john.l.bullister@noaa.gov; john.blindheim@imr.no RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; Karstensen, Johannes/A-8534-2013 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Karstensen, Johannes/0000-0001-5044-7079 NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C7 AR C07022 DI 10.1029/2004JC002510 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 951PI UT WOS:000230942400002 ER PT J AU Hodak, JH Fiore, JL Nesbitt, DJ Downey, CD Pardi, A AF Hodak, JH Fiore, JL Nesbitt, DJ Downey, CD Pardi, A TI Docking kinetics and equilibrium of a GAAA tetra loop-receptor motif probed by single-molecule FRET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RNA; tertiary interactions; heterogeneity; time-correlated single photon counting ID LARGE RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; HAIRPIN RIBOZYME; TERTIARY INTERACTIONS; GROUP-I; HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-STATE; RNA; JUNCTION; DOMAIN AB Docking kinetics and equilibrium of fluorescently labeled RNA molecules are studied with single-molecule FRET methods. Time-resolved FRET is used to monitor clocking/unclocking transitions for RNAs containing a single GAAA tetra loo p-receptor tertiary interaction connected by a flexible single-stranded linker. The rate constants for docking and unclocking are measured as a function of Mg2+, revealing a complex dependence on metal ion concentration. Despite the simplicity of this model system, conformational heterogeneity similar to that noted in more complex RNA systems is observed; relatively rapid docking/undocking transitions are detected for approximately two-thirds of the RNA molecules, with significant subpopulations exhibiting few or no transitions on the 10- to 30-s time scale for photobleaching. The rate constants are determined from analysis of probability densities, which allows a much wider range of time scales to be analyzed than standard histogram procedures. The data for the GAAA tetraloop receptor are compared with kinetic and equilibrium data for other RNA tertiary interactions. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Hodak, Jose/A-1976-2012 OI Hodak, Jose/0000-0001-5256-0622 NR 36 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 26 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 30 BP 10505 EP 10510 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408645102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 950JL UT WOS:000230853300020 PM 16024731 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Wagner, R Chaka, AM Levine, LE AF Tavazza, F Wagner, R Chaka, AM Levine, LE TI Vacancy formation energy near an edge dislocation: A hybrid quantum-classical study SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE vacancy formation; Al; electron density functional theory; embedded atom method ID AB-INITIO; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; BCC MO; TA; SIMULATION; MOLECULES; ALUMINUM; SILICON AB In this work, the formation energy of a single vacancy in aluminum at different distances from an edge dislocation core is studied using a new, hybrid ab initio-classical potential methodology. Such an approach allows us to conduct large-scale atomistic simulations with a simple classical potential (embedded atom method (EAM), for instance) while simultaneously using the more accurate ab initio approach (first principles quantum mechanics) for critical embedded regions. The coupling is made through shared shells of atoms where the two atomistic modeling approaches are relaxed in an iterative, self-consistent manner. The small, critical region is relaxed using all electron density functional theory (DFT) and the much larger cell in which this is embedded is relaxed using a minimization algorithm with EAM potentials. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.079 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900014 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Thomson, R AF Levine, LE Thomson, R TI The statistical origin of bulk mechanical properties and slip behavior in fcc metals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE dislocations; work hardening; percolation ID STRAIN PERCOLATION AB A dislocations-based model is presented for predicting the flow stress of a pre-deformed metal single crystal. The model is based upon a combination of basic dislocation physics, the distribution of dislocation segment lengths in cell walls and percolation theory. With only the magnitude of the Burgers vector and the elastic shear modulus as inputs, and with no adjustable parameters, the model correctly predicts the formation of slip lines and slip bands, the linear behavior of the stress-strain curve in stage 11 hardening, the Voce behavior in stage III and the magnitude of the flow stress for deformed Al single crystals. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 202 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.085 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900042 ER PT J AU Cai, M Levine, LE Langford, SC Dickinson, JT AF Cai, M Levine, LE Langford, SC Dickinson, JT TI "Observation" of dislocation motion in single crystal and polycrystalline aluminum during uniaxial deformation using photoemission technique SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intenational Conference on Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL La Colle sur Loup, FRANCE DE aluminum; photoemission; atomic-force microscopy; slip lines; slip bands ID EXOELECTRON EMISSION; ALLOYS; METALS; STRAIN; TENSILE AB We report measurements of photostimulated electron emission (PSE) from single-crystalline aluminum (99.995%) and high-purity polycrystalline aluminum (> 99.9%) during uniaxial tensile deformation. Photoelectron intensities are sensitive to changes in surface morphology accompanying deformation, including slip line and slip band formation. In the single crystalline material, the PSE intensity increases linearly with strain. In the polycrystalline material, the PSE intensity increases exponentially with strain. In both materials, time-resolved PSE measurements show step-like increases in intensity consistent with the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of slip bands during tensile deformation. In this sense, we have "observed" dislocation motion by this technique. Slip bands on the surfaces of deformed samples were subsequently imaged by atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Photoelectron measurements can provide reliable, quantitative information for dislocation dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickinson, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 642814, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtd@wsu.edu NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 400 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.01.076 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 947XZ UT WOS:000230681900100 ER PT J AU Fan, J Migdall, A AF Fan, J Migdall, A TI Generation of cross-polarized photon pairs in a microstructure fiber with frequency-conjugate laser pump pulses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; CRYSTAL FIBER AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of cross-polarized photon pairs via four-wave mixing with cross-polarized frequency-conjugate laser pump pulses. This method can be used for various quantum information applications such as the preparation of Bell-states. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jfan@nist.gov NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 15 BP 5777 EP 5782 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.005777 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 949FO UT WOS:000230770700025 PM 19498581 ER PT J AU Shaw, JA Seldomridge, NL Dunkle, DL Nugent, PW Spangler, LH Bromenshenk, JJ Henderson, CB Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ AF Shaw, JA Seldomridge, NL Dunkle, DL Nugent, PW Spangler, LH Bromenshenk, JJ Henderson, CB Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ TI Polarization lidar measurements of honey bees in flight for locating land mines SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB A scanning polarized lidar was used to detect flying honey bees trained to locate buried land mines through odor detection. A lidar map of bee density shows good correlation with maps of chemical plume strength and bee density determined by visual and video counts. The co-polarized lidar backscatter signal was found to be more effective than the cross-polarized signal for detecting honey bees in flight. Laboratory measurements show that the depolarization ratio of scattered light is near zero for bee wings and up to 30% for bee bodies. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jshaw@montana.edu RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 NR 8 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 15 BP 5853 EP 5863 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.005853 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 949FO UT WOS:000230770700034 PM 19498590 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Quinn, PK Bates, TS TI Regional aerosol properties: Comparisons of boundary layer measurements from ACE 1, ACE 2, aerosols99, INDOEX, ACE asia, TARFOX, and NEAQS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; EAST-COAST AB Means and variability of aerosol chemical composition and optical properties are compared for the first and second Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE 1 and ACE 2), a cruise across the Atlantic (Aeroso1s99), the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), the Asian Aerosol Characterization Experiment ( ACE Asia), the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX), and the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS). These experiments were focused either on the remote marine atmosphere (ACE 1) or areas downwind of continental aerosol source regions including western Europe, North America, Africa, India, and Asia. Presented here are size-segregated concentrations of aerosol mass, sea salt, non-sea-salt (nss) SO4=, NH4+, NO3-, dust, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and nss K+, as well as mass ratios that are commonly used to identify aerosol sources and to assess aerosol processing (Cl- to Na+, OC to nss SO4=, EC to total carbon (TC), EC to nss SO4=, nss K+ to EC, Fe to Al, and Si to Al). Optical properties that are compared include size-segregated scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients, and single-scattering albedo at 550 nm. Size-segregated mass scattering and mass absorption efficiencies for the total aerosol and mass extinction efficiencies for the dominant chemical components also are compared. In addition, we present the contribution to light extinction by the dominant chemical components for each region. All data are based on shipboard measurements performed at a relative humidity of 55 +/- 5%. Scattering coefficients and single-scattering albedos also are reported at ambient relative humidity (RH) using published values of f(RH). Finally, aerosol optical depths from each region are compared. Identical sampling protocols were used in all experiments in order to eliminate sampling biases and to make the data directly comparable. Major findings include (1) nss SO4= makes up only 16 to 46% of the submicron aerosol mass, which means there is a large and variable fraction of the aerosol that is not sulfate, (2) particulate organic matter (POM) makes up 1 to 51% of the submicron mass, with highest POM mass fractions observed downwind of the NE United States, (3) highest submicron mass fractions of EC and lowest single-scattering albedos were observed in biomass-burning plumes from Africa and downwind of the Indian subcontinent, (4) NO3- was found predominantly in the supermicron size range due to the interaction of gas phase oxidized nitrogen species with sea salt aerosol, and (5) mass extinction efficiencies for the individual chemical components were consistent between regions. All data presented are available as auxiliary material. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 99 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14202 DI 10.1029/2004JD004755 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951GT UT WOS:000230918200001 ER PT J AU Rozanov, E Callis, L Schlesinger, M Yang, F Andronova, N Zubov, V AF Rozanov, E Callis, L Schlesinger, M Yang, F Andronova, N Zubov, V TI Atmospheric response to NOy source due to energetic electron precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB We have introduced additional NOy sources caused by energetic electron precipitation (EEP) during 1987 into a Chemistry-Climate model. Comparison of two model runs with and without EEP reveals increase of reactive nitrogen by about 2 ppbv in the middle stratosphere over the tropical and middle latitudes. In the upper stratosphere over the polar winter regions the simulated NOy enhancement reaches 10 ppbv. Decreases of the ozone mixing ratio in the stratosphere by up to 5% over midlatitudes and up to 30% over southern high-latitudes are calculated. A similar to 0.5 K cooling in the middle stratosphere over the tropics and up to 2 K over southern high-latitudes is calculated with detectable changes in the surface air temperatures. These results confirm that the magnitude of the atmospheric response to EEP events can potentially exceed the effects from solar UV fluxes. These mechanisms work in phase outside polar latitudes, but can compensate each other within polar latitudes. C1 World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Climate Res Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. AI Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, Dept Dynam Meteorol, St Petersburg 124021, Russia. RP Rozanov, E (reprint author), World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Dorfstr 33, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. EM e.rozanov@pmodwrc.ch RI Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Andronova, Natalia/I-8983-2012; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 OI Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; NR 15 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14811 DI 10.1029/2005GL023041 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 951GH UT WOS:000230916900005 ER PT J AU Stenchikov, G Pickering, K DeCaria, A Tao, WK Scala, J Ott, L Bartels, D Matejka, T AF Stenchikov, G Pickering, K DeCaria, A Tao, WK Scala, J Ott, L Bartels, D Matejka, T TI Simulation of the fine structure of the 12 July 1996 Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols and Ozone ( STERAO-A) storm accounting for effects of terrain and interaction with mesoscale flow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID (STERAO)-DEEP CONVECTION EXPERIMENT; GENERATED MOIST CONVECTION; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SQUALL LINES; PART I; MODEL; TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; THUNDERSTORM AB Vertical mixing of chemical tracers and optically active constituents by deep convection affects regional and global chemical balances in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. This important process is not explicitly resolved in global and regional models and has to be parameterized. However, mixing depends strongly on the spatial structure, strength, and temporal evolution of the particular storm, complicating parameterization of this important effect in the large-scale models. To better quantify dynamic fields and associated mixing processes, we simulate a thunderstorm observed on 12 July 1996 during the STERAO-A (Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone) Deep Convection field project using the Goddard Cloud Ensemble (GCE) model. The 12 July STERAO-A storm had very complex temporal and spatial structure. The meteorological environment and evolution of the storm were significantly different than those of the 10 July STERAO-A storm extensively discussed in previous studies. Our 2-D and 3-D GCE model runs with uniform one-sounding initialization were unable to reproduce the full life cycle of the 12 July storm observed by the CHILL radar system. To describe the storm evolution, we modified the 3-D GCE model to include the effects of terrain and the capability of using nonuniform initial fields. We conducted a series of numerical experiments and reproduced the observed life cycle and fine spatial structure of the storm. The main characteristics of the 3-D simulation of the 12 July storm were compared with observations, with 2-D simulations of the same storm, and with the evolution of the 10 July storm. The simulated 3-D convection appears to be stronger and more realistic than in our 2-D simulations. Having developed in a less unstable environment than the 10 July 1996 STERAO-A storm, our simulation of the 12 July storm produced weaker but sustainable convection that was significantly fed by wind shear instability in the lower troposphere. The time evolution, direction, and speed of propagation of the storm were determined by interaction with the nonuniform background mesoscale flow. For example, storm intensity decreased drastically when the storm left the region with large convective available potential energy. The model appears to be successful in reproducing the rectangular four-cell structure of the convection. The distributions of convergence, vertical vorticity, and position of the inflow level in the later single-cell regime compare favorably with the airborne Doppler radar observations. This analysis allowed us to better understand the role of terrain and mesoscale circulation in the development of a midlatitude deep convective system and associated convective mixing. Wind, temperature, hydrometeor, and turbulent diffusion coefficient data from the cloud model simulations were provided for off-line 3-D cloud-scale chemical transport simulations discussed in the companion paper by DeCaria et al. (2005). C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Stenchikov, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM gera@envsci.rutgers.edu; pickerin@atmos.umd.edu; alex.decaria@millersville.edu; tao@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov; john.scala@millersville.edu; leo@atmos.umd.edu; diana.bartels@noaa.gov RI Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D14 AR D14304 DI 10.1029/2004JD005582 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951GS UT WOS:000230918100003 ER PT J AU Kihn, EA Ridley, AJ AF Kihn, EA Ridley, AJ TI A statistical analysis of the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics auroral specification SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; CONDUCTIVITIES; ENERGY; CONDUCTANCES; PATTERNS; CURRENTS AB [1] The assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique utilizes a wide range of electrodynamics measurements to determine high-latitude maps of the electric potential, electron particle precipitation ( average energy and total energy flux), and ionospheric conductance ( Hall and Pedersen). AMIE does this by conducting a least squares fit to the difference between the data and a background model. This fit is then added to the background model. This allows for a very stable technique with even minimal amounts of data. The background models are typically statistical models that are driven by the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field or the hemispheric power index. This study presents results of a statistical validation of the AMIE conductance and particle precipitation calculations and quantifies how using ground magnetometer derived measurements improves upon the result obtained using only a background statistical model. Specifically, we compare AMIE using the Fuller-Rowell and Evans ( 1987) model of particle precipitation and ionospheric conductances to DMSP particle precipitation measurements during the period from May to November 1998. The conductances are derived from the particle precipitation using the Robinson et al. ( 1987) formulation. The Fuller-Rowell and Evans ( 1987) results show low ( 39 - 21% with increasing AE) energy flux integrals with respect to DMSP auroral passes and differences in mean electron energies. The AMIE runs, in which ground-based magnetometers were used to modify the particle precipitation using the formulation by Ahn et al. ( 1983) and Ahn et al. ( 1998), show significant improvement in correlation to the observational data. We show that it more accurately predicts the particle precipitation than when using only the background model, especially in the 1800 - 0300 MLT nightside sectors where solar conductance is not significant. In addition, the AMIE results show a clear increase in accuracy with increasing number of magnetometers in a sector. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kihn, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.a.kihn@noaa.gov; ridley@umich.edu RI Kihn, Eric/A-8204-2009; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07305 DI 10.1029/2003JA010371 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 951HT UT WOS:000230920900002 ER PT J AU Kumon, RE Hurley, DC AF Kumon, RE Hurley, DC TI Effects of residual stress on the thin-film elastic moduli calculated from surface acoustic wave spectroscopy experiments SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE acoustoelastic effect; elastic properties; residual stress; surface acoustic waves; titanium nitride ID TIN FILMS; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; CONSTANTS; COATINGS AB We describe a method to examine bow residual stress affects the values of thin-film elastic moduli determined from surface acoustic wave spectroscopy experiments. To illustrate our approach, we apply it to the case of an elastically isotropic thin film under equibiaxial stress. The five test samples consisted of TiN films deposited on single-crystal Si substrate (film thickness 0.287-3.330 mu m and assumed compressive stress 0.5-5.4 GPa). With increasing thickness and decreasing stress, the effective second-order moduli C-11 increased and C-13 decreased. The natural second-order elastic moduli C-11 and C-13 and the natural third-order elastic moduli C-111, C-112, and C-123 in the unstressed state were computed by fitting the model equations to the measured data. Our results show how surface acoustic wave measurements may be analyzed to obtain additional information about the mechanical properties of thin films with residual stress. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kumon, RE (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM ronkumon@kumonweb.com NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 484 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.02.033 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 939BA UT WOS:000230045900038 ER PT J AU Cheng, YW Read, DT McColskey, JD Wright, JE AF Cheng, YW Read, DT McColskey, JD Wright, JE TI A tensile-testing technique for micrometer-sized free-standing thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE aluminum; copper; mechanical properties; thin-film mechanical test ID MICROSTRUCTURES; DISPLACEMENT; POLYSILICON; MODULUS AB A tensile-testing technique for micrometer-sized free-standing thin films is described and sample results obtained using the technique are presented. Major components used in the technique include a three-axis micromanipulator, a force sensor, two desktop computers, and a microscope. The design and fabrication of specimens by use of microfabrication methods are an integral part of the technique because they are crucial for testing to be successful. The micromanipulator is computer-controlled and has a speed range from 0.004 to 2 mu m/s in each axis. The force sensor is an eddy-current device and has force capacities in millinewtons. The desktop computers are used to control the micromanipulator, and to acquire data and images, which are used to calculate strains with a digital-image-correlation technique. The nominal dimension of a typical specimen is 180 mu m x 10 mu m x 1 mu m and tests can be conducted from ambient temperature (-23 degrees C) to 200 degrees C. Over the last few years, the technique has been successfully used in our laboratory to test polysilicon, pure aluminum, aluminum alloys, photodefinable polyimide, and electrodeposited copper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cheng, YW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheng@boulder.nist.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 484 IS 1-2 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.03.030 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 939BA UT WOS:000230045900068 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, JC TI Site-specific X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using X-ray standing waves SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy CY SEP 11-12, 2003 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP ESRF, FOCUS GmbH, Gammadata Scienta, MB Sci AB, SPECS GmbH DE X-ray standing waves; electronic structure AB We describe how X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements when conjoined with dynamical X-ray Bragg diffraction can determine site-specific electronic structure information. This result depends on the dipole approximation for the valence photo-excitation process in the low-energy X-ray limit that we validate through angle-integrated X-ray standing-wave (XSW) measurements of single-crystal Cu. We demonstrate the site-specific XPS technique for the single-crystal rutile TiO2 Valence band and extract the individual Ti and O photoelectron partial density of states. First principles density functional calculations agree with our data after the angular-momentum-dependent photo-ionization cross-sections are properly accounted for. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM woicik@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2005 VL 547 IS 1 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.028 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 953KK UT WOS:000231075000023 ER PT J AU Andersen, WC Bruno, TJ AF Andersen, WC Bruno, TJ TI Rapid screening of fluids for chemical stability in organic rankine cycle applications SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUEL THERMAL-STABILITY; MODEL COMPOUNDS; RATE CONSTANTS; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURES; PYROLYSIS; MIXTURES; KINETICS; PROPELLANT; COMBUSTION AB While the Carnot cycle is the basic idealized thermodynamic cycle for energy transfer, it is generally impractical and uneconomical to implement. Although less thermodynamically efficient than the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle (and heat engines based upon it) is practical and adaptable. Typically, water is used as the working fluid in this cycle. A difficulty that arises with the use of water is the need to superheat the water to prevent turbine blade erosion. Organic working fluids, on the other hand, can be used at lower temperatures and do not. require superheating. This results in a practical increase in efficiency over the use of the cycle with water as the working fluid. In these organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applications, the choice of working fluid is critical since the fluid must have not only thermophysical properties that match the application but also adequate chemical stability at the desired working temperature. In this paper, we present the application of simple and relatively rapid ampule testing techniques by which the chemical stability of potential working fluids may be assessed. The method allows the determination of the decomposition reaction rate constant of simple fluids at the temperature and pressure of interest. The fluids studied were pentanes, which are being considered for application in parabolic solar collectors. Results show that the thermal stability, decreases in the following order: n-pentane > 2-methylbutane > 2,2-dimethylpropane and benzene >> toluene. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 43 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5560 EP 5566 DI 10.1021/ie050351s PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 946ER UT WOS:000230555700020 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Nelson, JR Johns, E Chen, ZQ Weisberg, RH Muller-Karger, FE AF Hu, CM Nelson, JR Johns, E Chen, ZQ Weisberg, RH Muller-Karger, FE TI Mississippi River water in the Florida Straits and in the Gulf Stream off Georgia in summer 2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLUME; MEXICO; SHELF AB A coherent plume from the Mississippi River was detected in MODIS imagery in July - October 2004 extending from the eastern Gulf of Mexico into the Florida Straits ( FS), and reaching the Gulf Stream ( GS) off Georgia. The plume was sampled from ships in the FS and the GS. In early August, the plume was about 10 - 20 km wide in the western FS and about 50 km wide off Georgia. The FS ship survey ( 16 - 26 August) documented a 50 km, 10 - 20 m deep band with anomalies in surface salinity ( - 0.8), temperature ( 0.5 degrees C), and surface chlorophyll concentration ( 2 x) relative to FS waters outside the plume. Nutrient concentrations were only slightly higher in the FS plume and there was no apparent increase in colored dissolved organic matter. We estimate that the plume carried some 23% ( similar to 2778 m(3) s(-1)) of the Mississippi River discharge between July and September 2004 into the GS. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14606 DI 10.1029/2005GL022942 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 951GD UT WOS:000230916500004 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Wu, WL Douglas, JF Lin, EK Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Ito, H AF Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Wu, WL Douglas, JF Lin, EK Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Ito, H TI Direct measurement of the counterion distribution within swollen polyelectrolyte films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; BRUSHES; MODEL AB The depth profile of the counterion concentration within thin polyelectrolyte films was measured in situ using contrast variant specular neutron reflectivity to characterize the initial swelling stage of the film dissolution. We find substantial counterion depletion near the substrate and enrichment near the periphery of the film extending into the solution. These observations challenge our understanding of the charge distribution in polyelectrolyte films and are important for understanding film dissolution in medical and technological applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 15 BP 6647 EP 6651 DI 10.1021/la050353h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 945MU UT WOS:000230507400001 PM 16008368 ER PT J AU Nieh, MP Raghunathan, VA Kline, SR Harroun, TA Huang, CY Pencer, J Katsaras, J AF Nieh, MP Raghunathan, VA Kline, SR Harroun, TA Huang, CY Pencer, J Katsaras, J TI Spontaneously formed unilamellar vesicles with path-dependent size distribution SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GIANT COLLECTIVE FLUCTUATIONS; PHOSPHOLIPID MIXTURES; UNBINDING TRANSITION; CHARGED MEMBRANES; STABILITY; SANS; MORPHOLOGY; LECITHIN; BILAYERS; PHASES AB We observe the spontaneous formation of path-dependent monodisperse and polydisperse phospholipid unilamellar vesicles (ULV) from two different equilibrium morphologies specifically, disklike micelles and extended lamellae, respectively. On heating beyond a temperature T,, low temperature disklike micelles, or so-called bicelles, transform into lamellae. Dilution of the lamellar phase, at a fixed temperature, results in a complete unbinding transition and the formation of polydisperse ULV, demonstrating the instability of the lamellar phase. On the other hand, heating of a dilute bicellar phase above T, results in monodisperse ULV, which on cooling revert back to bicelles for lipid concentrations phi >= 0.5 wt % and transform into oblate ellipsoids for phi = 0.1 wt %, a morphology not previously seen in "bicellar" lipid mixtures. Monodisperse ULV reform on heating of the oblate ellipsoids. C1 CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. New Jersey Inst Technol, York Dept Chem Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Phys, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. RP Katsaras, J (reprint author), CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RI Raghunathan, V./E-5103-2012; OI Pencer, Jeremy/0000-0002-1796-0230; Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177; Harroun, Thad/0000-0001-9816-2590 NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 15 BP 6656 EP 6661 DI 10.1021/la0508994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 945MU UT WOS:000230507400003 PM 16008370 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Yim, H Sasaki, DY Satija, S Seo, YS Majewski, J AF Kent, MS Yim, H Sasaki, DY Satija, S Seo, YS Majewski, J TI Adsorption of myoglobin to Cu(II)-IDA and Ni(II)-IDA functionalized Langmuir monolayers: Study of the protein layer structure during the adsorption process by neutron and X-ray reflectivity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ION AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAFINE SILICA PARTICLES; SERUM-ALBUMIN ADSORPTION; SOLID LIQUID INTERFACES; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; CYTOCHROME-C AB The structure and orientation of adsorbed myoglobin as directed by metal-histidine complexation at the liquid-film interface was studied as a function of time using neutron and X-ray reflectivity (NR and XR, respectively). In this system, adsorption is due to the interaction between iminodiacetate JDA)chelated divalent metal ions Ni(II) and Cu(II) and histidine moieties at the outer surface of the protein. Adsorption was examined under conditions of constant area per lipid molecule at an initial pressure of 40 mN/m. Adsorption occurred over a time period of about 15 h, allowing detailed characterization of the layer structure throughout the process. The layer thickness and the in-plane averaged segment volume fraction were obtained at roughly 40 min intervals by NR. The binding constant of histidine with Cu(II)-IDA is known to be about four times greater than that of histidine with Ni(II)-IDA. The difference in interaction energy led to significant differences in the structure of the adsorbed layer. For Cu(II)-IDA, the thickness of the adsorbed layer at low protein coverage was : 20 A and the thickness increased almost linearly with increasing coverage to 42 A. For Ni(II)-IDA, the thickness at low coverage was similar to 38 A and increased gradually with coverage to 47 A. The in-plane averaged segment volume fraction of the adsorbed layer independently confirmed a thinner layer at low coverage for Cu(II)-IDA. These structural differences at the early stages are discussed in terms of either different preferred orientations for isolated chains in the two cases or more extensive conformational changes upon adsorption in the case of Cu(II)-IDA. Subphase dilution experiments provided additional insight, indicating that the adsorbed layer was not in equilibrium with the bulk solution even at low coverages for both IDA-chelated metal ions. We conclude that the weight of the evidence favors the interpretation based on more extensive conformational changes upon adsorption to Cu(II)-IDA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 15 BP 6815 EP 6824 DI 10.1021/la047433q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 945MU UT WOS:000230507400024 PM 16008391 ER PT J AU Stein, DL AF Stein, DL TI Descriptions of four new species, redescription of Paraliparis membranaceus, and additional data on species of the fish family Liparidae (Pisces, Scorpaeniformes) from the west coast of South America and the Indian Ocean SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chile; Peru; Southeastern Pacific Ocean; Indian Ocean; deep water; Liparidae; Enantioliparis; Paraliparis; Notoliparis; Careproctus; Psednos; new species ID TELEOSTEI; SLOPE; BLUE AB Liparids are a cottoid family of more than 350 species distributed worldwide in polar, temperate and deep tropical waters. About 20 species ( in six genera) are known from the west coast of South America south of Panama to Tierra del Fuego, and four ( in two genera) from the Indian Ocean. This paper describes an additional four species from existing collections: three from Peruvian and Chilean waters (Paraliparis carlbondi new species, Paraliparis skeliphrus new species, Notoliparis antonbruuni new species), and one from the Indian Ocean (Psednos carolinae new species). Paraliparis membranaceus Gunther is redescribed, a range extension and additional descriptive information is reported for Paraliparis merodontus Stein, additional descriptive information is provided for Careproctus pallidus (Vaillant) and Psednos steini Chernova, the known range of Careproctus longifilis Garman is extended to Peru from the Gulf of Panama, and a species of Psednos similar to Psednos dentatus Chernova and Stein is described, but not named. C1 NOAA, NMFS Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Stein, DL (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steind@si.edu NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 19 PY 2005 IS 1019 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 946RG UT WOS:000230589300001 ER PT J AU Vanderah, TA Levin, I Lufaso, MW AF Vanderah, TA Levin, I Lufaso, MW TI An unexpected crystal-chemical principle for the pyrochlore structure SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrochlore; displacive disorder; bismuth zinc niobates; phase equilibria ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NIOBIUM PENTOXIDE; OXIDES; SYSTEM; CHEMISTRY; DISORDER; IONS; FORM; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Phase equilibrium studies of the Bi-Zn-Nb-O system show that pyrochlore does not form at chemical compositions predicted by the traditional formula for this crystal structure, A(2)B(2)O(6)O', where A denotes large (8-coordinated, e.g. Bi3+) and B small (6-coordinated, e.g. Zn2+, Nb5+) cation sites. Instead, pyrochlore forms only at compositions with excess B cations which, surprisingly, occupy the large A-cation sites. Reports of similar behavior in other pyrochlores suggest a previously unrecognized inherent structural feature (displacive disorder) which allows the formation of a large family of cubic pyrochlores with small B cations occupying up to ca. 25% of the large A-cation sites. Many pyrochlores can now be synthesized by deliberately combining large and small metal ions on the A sites. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vanderah, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 64 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 18 PY 2005 IS 14 BP 2895 EP 2901 DI 10.1002/ejic.200500234 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 949JN UT WOS:000230781400016 ER PT J AU Roberts, SD Dean, TJ Evans, DL McCombs, JW Harrington, RL Glass, PA AF Roberts, SD Dean, TJ Evans, DL McCombs, JW Harrington, RL Glass, PA TI Estimating individual tree leaf area in loblolly pine plantations using LiDAR-derived measurements of height and crown dimensions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE crown width; crown depth; leaf area index; remote sensing ID LASER SCANNER DATA; FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; OREGON TRANSECT; SAPWOOD AREA; INDEX; DENSITY; VOLUME; BIOMASS; TAEDA AB Accurate estimates of leaf area index (LAI) could provide useful information to forest managers, but due to difficulties in measurement, leaf area is rarely used in decision-making. A reliable approach to remotely estimating LAI would greatly facilitate its use in forest management. This study investigated the potential for using small-footprint LiDAR, a laser-based remote sensing tool capable of characterizing the vertical structure of forest vegetation, to generate estimates of individual tree leaf area based on LiDAR-derived estimates of tree height and crown dimensions. At a 16-year-old loblolly pine spacing trial in Mississippi, LiDAR-derived estimates of leaf area based on height and crown diameter were on average within 0.1 m(2) of ground-based estimates for trees on plots initially planted at a 1.5 m x 1.5 m spacing. For trees on plots originally planted at square spacings of 2.4 m and 3.0 m, LiDAR-based leaf area estimates were below ground-based estimates by 5.8 m(2) and 14.5 m(2) respectively. At a study site in Texas, LiDAR-derived estimates of leaf area for 4-year-old loblolly pine were, on average, within 0.4 m(2) of ground-based estimates. Errors in leaf area estimates were largely due to the inability to generate accurate LiDAR-based estimates of crown dimensions. Tree heights were accurately estimated with LiDAR at both locations, but crown diameter and vertical crown dimensions at the Mississippi site were underestimated on average by 21% and 3%, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. Mississippi Inst Forest Inventory, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Roberts, SD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sroberts@cfr.msstate.edu NR 41 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 18 PY 2005 VL 213 IS 1-3 BP 54 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.025 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 944PD UT WOS:000230440200005 ER PT J AU Ohtani, S Brandt, PC Mitchell, DG Singer, H Nose, M Reeves, GD Mende, SB AF Ohtani, S Brandt, PC Mitchell, DG Singer, H Nose, M Reeves, GD Mende, SB TI Storm-substorm relationship: Variations of the hydrogen and oxygen energetic neutral atom intensities during storm-time substorms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT DEVELOPMENT; PLASMA SHEET; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETIC STORMS; TAIL CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; ION DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPANSION PHASE; CURRENT SYSTEMS AB The present study observationally addresses the role of the magnetospheric substorm in the storm-time ring current intensification. The intensity of energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission, which is measured by the high-energy neutral atom (HENA) imager onboard the IMAGE satellite, is carefully used as a guide for inferring the change of the ring current intensity. First, a storm event of August 2000 is examined in detail with a focus on a substorm that occurred at the start of the storm recovery phase (as defined by Sym-H). During the expansion phase of this substorm, the Sym-H index recovered ( increased) as the geosynchronous magnetic field dipolarized. At the same time the low-energy (27-60 keV) hydrogen, high-energy (60-119 keV) hydrogen, and total oxygen(<160 keV for this event) ENA intensities increased, suggesting that the ring current intensified. The apparent recovery of Sym-H can therefore be attributed to the reduction of the tail current rather than the decay of the ring current. The substorm-related change of the ENA intensity is examined statistically by conducting a superposed epoch analysis, for which the onset of geosynchronous dipolarization is adopted as a reference time. The result reveals that the ENA intensity tends to decrease before substorm onsets and to increase after onsets, and so does the Sym-H index although its pre-onset decrease is less clear than the post-onset increase. It is therefore suggested that in the course of substorms, the change of the ring current intensity is opposite to what is expected from the change of the Sym-H index. The decay and intensification of the ring current can be attributed to substorm-related changes of the near-Earth magnetic field and convection. Another important result is that the response of the ENA intensity to substorms strongly depends on species and energy range. The variation of the low-energy hydrogen ENA intensity is not clearly organized by the substorm onset, and its relative change is less than 10%. The high-energy hydrogen intensity decreases by about 20% during the growth phase and then recovers to the initial level leaving no significant net increase. In contrast, the increase in the oxygen ENA intensity during the expansion phase overcompensates for the preceding reduction, resulting in a net increase of 20%. The net enhancement of the oxygen ENA intensity suggests the importance of non-adiabatic acceleration associated with near-Earth dipolarization. The timescale of dipolarization is comparable to the oxygen gyroperiod, and therefore the oxygen ions may be accelerated preferably by the associated inductive electric field. It is inferred that the substorm-related energization of the oxygen ions makes an important contribution to the storm-time ring current intensification. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Kyoto Univ, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohtani, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ohtani@jhuapl.edu RI Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016 OI Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306 NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07219 DI 10.1029/2004JA010954 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 950DT UT WOS:000230838500001 ER PT J AU Guttman, CM Wetzel, SJ Flynn, KM Fanconi, BM VanderHart, DL Wallace, WE AF Guttman, CM Wetzel, SJ Flynn, KM Fanconi, BM VanderHart, DL Wallace, WE TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry interlaboratory comparison of mixtures of polystyrene with different end groups: Statistical analysis of mass fractions and mass moments SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; POLYDISPERSE POLYMERS; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; SPECTRA AB A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) interlaboratory comparison was conducted on mixtures of synthetic polymers having the same repeat unit and closely matching molecular mass distributions but with different end groups. The interlaboratoty comparison was designed to see how well the results from a group of experienced laboratories would agree on the mass fraction, and molecular mass distribution, of each polymer in a series of binary mixtures. Polystyrenes of a molecular mass near 9000 u were used. Both polystyrenes were initiated with the same butyl initiator; however, one was terminated with -H (termed PSH) and the other was terminated with -CH2CH2OH (termed PSOH). End group composition of the individual polymers was checked by MALDI-TOF MS and by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Five mixtures were created gravimetrically with mass ratios between 95:5 and 10:90 PSOH/PSH. Mixture compositions where measured by NMR and by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). NMR and FT-IR were used to benchmark the performance of these methods in comparison to MALDI-TOF MS. Samples of these mixtures were sent to any institution requesting it. A total of 14 institutions participated. Analysis of variance was used to examine the influences of the independent parameters (participating laboratory, MALDI matrix, instrument manufacturer, TOF mass separation mode) on the measured mass fractions and molecular mass distributions for each polymer in each mixture. Two parameters, participating laboratory and instrument manufacturer, were determined to have a statistically significant influence. MALDI matrix and TOF mass separation mode (linear or reflectron) were found not to have a significant influence. Improper mass calibration, inadequate instrument optimization with respect to high signal-to-noise ratio across the entire mass range, and poor data analysis methods (e.g., baseline subtraction and peak integration) seemed to be the greatest obstacles in the correct application of MALDI-TOF MS to this problem. Each of these problems can be addressed with proper laboratory technique. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guttman, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.guttman@nist.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 14 BP 4539 EP 4548 DI 10.1021/ac050298h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 945VL UT WOS:000230530300034 PM 16013871 ER PT J AU Cipriano, BH Raghavan, SR McGuiggan, PM AF Cipriano, BH Raghavan, SR McGuiggan, PM TI Surface tension and contact angle measurements of a hexadecyl imidazolium surfactant adsorbed on a clay surface SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE contact angle measurements; hexadecyl imidazolium; surface tension; nanocomposite; SANS ID MICA; NANOCOMPOSITES; ADSORPTION; SCATTERING; MICELLES; SILICA AB The surface tension of 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-hexadecyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Im BF4) as a function of concentration has been measured. Between 10(-5) and 4 x 10(-4) mol/L, the surface tension decreases with increasing imidazolium concentration. Aggregate formation appears to occur at a concentration near 4 x 10(-4) mol/L for temperatures between 50 and 75 degrees C. Small angle neutron scattering measurements show the aggregates to be micelles with an aggregation number approximate to 83. Advancing and receding contact angles of Im BF4 surfactant solutions wetting pre-equilibrated mica surfaces show surfactant adsorption occurring at 10(-6) mol/L. At 7 x 10(-5) mol/L, a maximum in the hydrophobicity of the surface is measured, with a contact angle of 84 degrees +/- 2 degrees. The results show that the Im BF4 surfactant adsorbs onto the mica surface and produces a hydrophobic surface, similar to the behavior of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). However, a hydrophobic surface forms at lower concentrations for the Im BF4 surfactant than the CTAB surfactant. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McGuiggan, PM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patricia.mcguiggan@nist.gov RI McGuiggan, Patricia/A-3379-2010; Cipriano, Bani/G-9239-2011 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 262 IS 1-3 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.03.019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 954EN UT WOS:000231137000002 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Kato, S De Gouw, JA Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Shao, M Lovejoy, ER Fall, R Fehsenfeld, FC AF Warneke, C Kato, S De Gouw, JA Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Shao, M Lovejoy, ER Fall, R Fehsenfeld, FC TI Online volatile organic compound measurements using a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry instrument during New England Air Quality Study - Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004: Performance, intercomparison, and compound identification SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; PTR-MS; FOOD AB We have used a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) instrument for online trace gas analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the 2004 New England Air Duality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. The PIT-MS instrument uses proton-transfer reactions with H3O+ ions to ionize VOCs, similar to a PTR-MS (proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry) instrument but uses an ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze the product ions. The advantages of an ion trap are the improved identification of VOCs and a near 100% duty cycle. During the experiment, the PIT-MS instrument had a detection limit between 0.05 and 0.3 pbbv (S/N = 3 (signal-to-noise ratio)) for 2-min integration time for most tested VOCs. PIT-MS was used for ambient air measurements onboard a research ship and agreed well with a gas chromatography mass spectrometer). The comparison included oxygenated VOCs, aromatic compounds, and others such as isoprene, monoterpenes, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfide. Automated collision-induced dissociation measurements were used to determine the contributions of acetone and propanal to the measured signal at 59 amu; both species are detected at this mass and are thus indistinguishable in conventional PTR-Ms. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Carsten.Warneke@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5390 EP 5397 DI 10.1021/es050602o PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200042 PM 16082971 ER PT J AU Haxel, JH Dziak, RP AF Haxel, JH Dziak, RP TI Evidence of explosive seafloor volcanic activity from the Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE RISE; LOWER MANTLE; PLUMES; SEISMICITY; AFRICAN; WAVES AB Hydrophones moored in the North Atlantic Ocean recorded a sequence of explosive, volcano-acoustic signals originated at the Walvis Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean. 365 explosive signals were detected from the Walvis Ridge beginning 24 November 2001 continuing through March 2002. The largest swarm began on 19 December at 2329 GMT, and lasted 1.25 hrs producing 32 locatable events. Swarm locations are centered on the northern flank of an unnamed seamount (-32.96 degrees S; - 5.22 degrees W), northwest of Wust Seamount. These signals are interpreted as volcanogenic explosions due to similarities with acoustic signals recorded from a confirmed submarine eruption in the Caribbean in 2001 (Kick'em Jenny volcano). The observations presented suggest recent magmatic activity along the Walvis Ridge may be unrelated to the Tristan da Cunha mantle plume. Furthermore, these events lend support for an extensional fracture-zone model resulting in the recurrence of volcanic activity along older segments of large-scale sea floor lineaments. C1 Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Haxel, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM joe.haxel@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13609 DI 10.1029/2005GL023205 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 950BX UT WOS:000230833700004 ER PT J AU Dery, SJ Stieglitz, M McKenna, EC Wood, EF AF Dery, SJ Stieglitz, M McKenna, EC Wood, EF TI Characteristics and trends of river discharge into Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays, 1964-2000 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; ICE-OCEAN MODEL; FRESH-WATER; SEA-ICE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CYCLE; RUNOFF; CIRCULATION; CANADA; ATLANTIC AB The characteristics and trends of observed river discharge into the Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays (HJUBs) for the period 1964-2000 are investigated. Forty-two rivers with outlets into these bays contribute on average 714 km(3) yr(-1) [= 0.023 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1))] of freshwater to high-latitude oceans. For the system as a whole, discharge attains an annual peak of 4.2 km(3) day(-1) on average in mid-June, whereas the minimum of 0.68 km(3) day-(1) occurs on average during the last week of March. The Nelson River contributes as much as 34% of the daily discharge for the entire system during winter but diminishes in relative importance during spring and summer. Runoff rates per contributing area are highest (lowest) on the eastern (western) shores of the Hudson and James Bays. Linear trend analyses reveal decreasing discharge over the 37-yr period in 36 out of the 42 rivers. By 2000, the total annual freshwater discharge into HJUBs diminished by 96 km(3) (-13%) from its value in 1964, equivalent to a reduction of 0.003 Sv. The annual peak discharge rate associated with snowmelt has advanced by 8 days between 1964 and 2000 and has diminished by 0.036 km(3) day(-1) in intensity. There is a direct correlation between the timing of peak spring discharge rates and the latitude of a river's mouths the spring freshet varies by 5 days for each degree of latitude. Continental snowmelt induces a seasonal pulse of freshwater from HJUBs that is tracked along its path into the Labrador Current. It is suggested that the annual upper-ocean salinity minimum observed on the inner Newfoundland Shelf can be explained by freshwater pulses composed of meltwater from three successive winter seasons in the river basins draining into HJUBs. A gradual salinization of the upper ocean during summer over the period 1966-94 on the inner Newfoundland Shelf is in accord with a decadal trend of a diminishing intensity in the continental meltwater pulses. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Albertus Magnus High Sch, Bardonia, NY USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dery, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 307 GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM sdery@princeton.edu NR 57 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2540 EP 2557 DI 10.1175/JCLI3440.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400002 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Key, JR AF Wang, XJ Key, JR TI Arctic surface, cloud, and radiation properties based on the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder dataset. Part I: Spatial and temporal characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEA-ICE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE DATA; ANNUAL CYCLE; DATA SETS; ALBEDO; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY AB With broad spectral coverage and high spatial and temporal resolutions, satellite sensors can provide the data needed for the analysis of spatial and temporal variations of climate parameters in data-sparse regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic. The newly available Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP) dataset was used to retrieve cloud fraction, cloud optical depth, cloud particle phase and size, cloud-top pressure and temperature, surface skin temperature, surface broadband albedo, radiative fluxes, and cloud forcing over the Arctic Ocean and surrounding landmasses for the 18-yr period from 1982 to 1999. In the Arctic, Greenland is the coldest region with the highest surface albedo, while northeastern Russia has the highest surface temperature in summer. Arctic annual mean cloud coverage is about 70%, with the largest cloudiness occurring in September and the lowest cloudiness occurring in April. On annual average, Arctic cloud visible optical depth is about 5-6. Arctic precipitable water is near 0.2 cm in winter and 1.5 cm in summer. The largest downwelling shortwave radiative flux at the surface occurs in June; the largest upwelling shortwave radiative flux occurs in May. The largest downwelling and upwelling longwave radiative fluxes as well as the net all-wave radiative flux occur in July, with the largest loss of longwave radiation from the surface in April. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 35 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2558 EP 2574 DI 10.1175/JCLI3438.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400003 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Key, JR AF Wang, XJ Key, JR TI Arctic surface, cloud, and radiation properties based on the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder dataset. Part II: Recent trends SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE COVER; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TOVS SATELLITE DATA; AIR-TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; MOISTURE BUDGET; HIGH-LATITUDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALBEDO AB Over the past 20 yr, some Arctic surface and cloud properties have changed significantly. Results of an analysis of satellite data show that the Arctic has warmed and become cloudier in spring and summer but has cooled and become less cloudy in winter. The annual rate of surface temperature change is 0.057 degrees C for the Arctic region north of 60 degrees N. The surface broadband albedo has decreased significantly in autumn, especially over the Arctic Ocean, indicating a later freeze-up and snowfall. The surface albedo has decreased at an annual rate of -0.15% (absolute). Cloud fraction has decreased at an annual rate of -0.6% (absolute) in winter and increased at annual rates of 0.32% and 0.16% in spring and summer, respectively. On an annual time scale, there is no trend in cloud fraction. During spring and summer, changes in sea ice albedo that result from surface warming tend to modulate the radiative effect of increasing cloud cover. On an annual time scale, the all-wave cloud forcing at the surface has decreased at an annual rate of -0.335 W m(-2). indicating an increased cooling by clouds. There are large correlations between surface temperature anomalies and climate indices such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index for some areas, implying linkages between global climate change and Arctic climate change. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 43 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2575 EP 2593 DI 10.1175/JCLI3439.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400004 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Slater, RD Swathi, PS Vallis, GK AF Gnanadesikan, A Slater, RD Swathi, PS Vallis, GK TI The energetics of ocean heat transport SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; WIND ENERGY INPUT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SURFACE-WAVES; WORLD OCEAN; MODEL; DISSIPATION; CONVECTION; TURBULENT; DIFFUSION AB A number of recent papers have argued that the mechanical energy budget of the ocean places constraints on how the thermohaline circulation is driven. These papers have been used to argue that climate models, which do not specifically account for the energy of mixing, potentially miss a very important feedback on climate change. This paper reexamines the question of what energetic arguments can teach us about the climate system and concludes that the relationship between energetics and climate is not straightforward. By analyzing the buoyancy transport equation, it is demonstrated that the large-scale transport of heat within the ocean requires an energy source of around 0.2 TW to accomplish vertical transport and around 0.4 TW (resulting from cabbeling) to accomplish horizontal transport. Within two general circulation models, this energy is almost entirely supplied by surface winds. It is also shown that there is no necessary relationship between heat transport and mechanical energy supply. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ctr Math Modelling & Comp Simulat, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,US Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Anand.Gnanadesikan@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Swathi, P /G-2860-2010 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; NR 58 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2604 EP 2616 DI 10.1175/JCLI3436.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400006 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T AF Shinoda, T TI Impact of the diurnal cycle of solar radiation on intraseasonal SST variability in the western equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; UPPER-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; WARM POOL; TOGA-COARE; SEASONAL THERMOCLINE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN OCEANS AB The mechanism by which the diurnal cycle of solar radiation modulates intraseasonal SST variability in the western Pacific warm pool is investigated using a one-dimensional mixed layer model. SSTs in the model experiments forced with hourly surface fluxes during the calm-sunny phase of intraseasonal oscillation are significantly warmer than those with daily mean surface fluxes. The difference in two experiments is explained by upper-ocean mixing processes during nighttime. Surface warming during daytime creates a shallow diurnal warm layer near the surface (0-3 m), which can be easily eroded by surface cooling during nighttime. Further cooling, however, requires a substantial amount of energy because deeper waters need to be entrained into the mixed layer. Since the shallow diurnal layer is not formed in the experiment with daily mean surface fluxes, the SST for the hourly forcing case is warmer most of the time due to the diurnally varying solar radiation. Sensitivity of the intraseasonal SST variation to the penetrative component of solar radiation is examined, showing that the diurnal cycle plays an important role in the sensitivity. Solar radiation absorbed in the upper few meters significantly influences intraseasonal SST variations through changes in amplitude of diurnal SST variation. C1 NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM toshiaki.shinoda@noaa.gov RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 NR 35 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2628 EP 2636 DI 10.1175/JCLI3432.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400008 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Owen, TW AF Peterson, TC Owen, TW TI Urban heat island assessment: Metadata are important SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; STATIONS; LAND AB Urban heat island (UHI) analyses for the conterminous United States were performed using three different forms of metadata: nightlights-derived metadata, map-based metadata, and gridded U.S. Census Bureau population metadata. The results indicated that metadata do matter. Whether a UHI signal was found depended on the metadata used. One of the reasons is that the UHI signal is very weak. For example, population was able to explain at most only a few percent of the variance in temperature between stations. The nightlights metadata tended to classify lower Population stations as rural compared to map-based metadata while the map-based metadata urban stations had, on average, higher populations than urban nightlights. Analysis with gridded population metadata indicated that statistically significant urban heat islands could be found even when quite urban stations were classified as rural, indicating that the primary signal was coming from the relatively high population sites. If similar to 30% of the highest population stations were removed front the analysis, no statistically significant urban heat island was detected. The implications of this work on U.S. climate change analyses is that, if the highest population stations are avoided (populations above 30 000 within 6 km), the analysis should not be expected to be contaminated by UHIs. However, comparison between U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) time series from the full dataset and a subset excluding the high population sites indicated that the UHI contamination from the high population stations accounted for very little of the recent warming. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2637 EP 2646 DI 10.1175/JCLI3431.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400009 ER PT J AU Enfield, DB Lee, SK AF Enfield, DB Lee, SK TI The heat balance of the Western Hemisphere warm pool SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; BUDGET; WATER AB The thermodynamic development of the Western Hemisphere warm pool and its four geographic subregions are analyzed. The subregional warm pools of the eastern North Pacific and equatorial Atlantic are best developed in the boreal spring, while in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, the highest temperatures prevail during the early and late summer, respectively. For the defining isotherms chosen ( >= 27.5 degrees, >= 28.0 degrees, >= 28.5 degrees C) the warm pool depths are similar to the mixed-layer depth (20-40 m) but are considerably less than the Indo-Pacific warm pool depth (50-60 m). The beat balance of the WHWP subregions is examined through two successive types of analysis: first by considering a changing volume ("bubble") bounded by constant temperature wherein advective fluxes disappear and diffusive fluxes can be estimated as a residual, and second by considering a slab layer of constant dimensions with the bubble diffusion estimates as an additional input and the advective heat flux divergence as a residual output. From this sequential procedure it is possible to disqualify as being physically inconsistent four of seven surface heat flux climatologies: the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (NCEP1) and the ECMWF 15-yr global reanalysis (ERA-15) because they yield a nonphysical diffusion of heat into the warm pools from their cooler surroundings, and the unconstrained da Silva and Southampton datasets because their estimated diffusion rates are inconsistent with the smaller rates of the better understood Indo-Pacific warm pool when the bubble analysis is applied to both regions. The remaining surface flux datasets of da Silva and Southampton (constrained) and Oberhuber have a much narrower range of slab surface warming (+25 +/- 5 W m(-2)) associated with bubble residual estimates of total diffusion of -5 to -20 W m(-2) (-5 W m(-2)) and total advective heat flux divergence of -2 to -14 W m(-2) (+/- 5 W m(-2)). The latter are independently confirmed by direct estimates using wind stress data and drifters for the Gulf of Mexico and eastern North Pacific subregions. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Enfield, DB (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM David.Enfield@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2662 EP 2681 DI 10.1175/JCLI3427.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400011 ER PT J AU Ratnam, JV Kumar, KK AF Ratnam, JV Kumar, KK TI Sensitivity of the simulated monsoons of 1987 and 1988 to convective parameterization schemes in MM5 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; NORTHERN SUMMER; CIRCULATION; GCM; OSCILLATIONS; INDEXES AB In this study the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) version 3.5.2 was used to simulate the Indian summer monsoon during the two contrasting years of 1987 and 1988, a dry year and a wet year, respectively. Three different convection parameterization schemes of Betts-Miller-Janjic, Kain-Fritsch, and Grell were used to study the sensitivity of monsoon to cumulus effects. The model was integrated for a period of 6 months, starting from three different initial conditions of 0000 UTC on 1, 2, and 3 May of each year using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data as input. The 6-hourly reanalysis data were used to provide the lateral boundary conditions, and the observed weekly Reynolds sea surface temperature, linearly interpolated to 6 h, was used as the lower boundary forcing. The results show that all three cumulus schemes were able to simulate the interannual and intraseasonal variabilities in the monsoon with reasonable accuracy. However, the spatial distribution of the rainfall and its quantity were different in all the schemes. The Grell scheme underestimated the rainfall in both the years. The Kain-Fritsch scheme simulated the observed rainfall well during July and August, the peak monsoon months, of the year 1988 but overestimated the rainfall in June and September of 1988 and throughout the monsoon season of 1987. The Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme simulated less rainfall in the drought year of 1987 and overestimated the rainfall in June and July of 1988. The circulation patterns simulated by the Betts-Miller-Janjic and Kain-Fritsch schemes are comparable to the observed patterns. C1 Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Math Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. NOAA, CIRES Climate Dignost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ratnam, JV (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Math Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM venkata.jayanthi@ucd.ie RI Ratnam, J.V./J-3150-2014 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2724 EP 2743 DI 10.1175/JCLI3390.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TV UT WOS:000231251400014 ER PT J AU Mathur, R Shankar, U Hanna, AF Odman, MT McHenry, JN Coats, CJ Alapaty, K Xiu, AJ Arunachalam, S Olerud, DT Byun, DW Schere, KL Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS Dennis, RL Pierce, TE Pleim, JE Roselle, SJ Young, JO AF Mathur, R Shankar, U Hanna, AF Odman, MT McHenry, JN Coats, CJ Alapaty, K Xiu, AJ Arunachalam, S Olerud, DT Byun, DW Schere, KL Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS Dennis, RL Pierce, TE Pleim, JE Roselle, SJ Young, JO TI Multiscale air quality simulation platform (MAQSIP): Initial applications and performance for tropospheric ozone and particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; NONLINEAR RENORMALIZATION; SUBGRID REPRESENTATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL; SULFATE PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; ADVECTIVE FLUXES AB The performance of the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform (MAQSIP) in simulating the regional distributions of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM) is evaluated through comparisons of model results from three-dimensional simulations against available surface and aircraft measurements. These applications indicate that the model captures the dynamic range of observations and the spatial trends represented in measurements. Some discrepancies also exist, however, and they are discussed in the context of model formulation, input data specification and assumptions, and variability and bias in measurements. The daily normalized bias (within +/- 20%) and normalized gross errors (< 25%) for predicted surface level O-3 over an entire summer season are within the suggested performance criteria for management evaluation studies and are comparable to, if not smaller than, those reported previously for other regional O-3 models. Comparisons of modeled PM composition with speciated fine particle concentration measurements show that the model is able to capture the spatial variability in fine PM mass as well as in the inorganic component fractions. Both measurements and model results show that in the summertime in the eastern U. S., SO42- is a relatively large component of fine PM mass; in contrast, NO3- is a significant fraction in the western U. S. in the wintertime case studied. The ability of the model to simulate the observed visibility indices (extinction coefficient and deciview) are evaluated through comparisons of model estimates using both a detailed Mie theory-based calculation (based on predicted aerosol size and number distributions) and an empirical mass reconstruction algorithm. Both modeled and observed data show that among the various aerosol components, in the eastern U. S. SO42- contributes the largest fraction to the aerosol extinction (35 - 85%), while organic mass contributes up to 20 - 25%. In contrast, in the western U. S., SO42- and NO3- have comparable contributions (20 - 50%) to the observed aerosol extinction. Comparisons with limited observational aircraft data, however, show moderate to poor correlation with measurements in the free troposphere. While these discrepancies can be attributed in part to model initialization and lateral boundary conditions specification, there is a need for further evaluation of the representation of boundary layer-free troposphere exchange mechanisms as well as the chemical mechanisms currently used in the model for representing chemistry in the free troposphere. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mathur, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM rohit.mahur@noaa.gov RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 98 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D13 AR D13308 DI 10.1029/2004JD004918 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950CW UT WOS:000230836200001 ER PT J AU VanLandingham, MR Chang, NK Drzal, PL White, CC Chang, SH AF VanLandingham, MR Chang, NK Drzal, PL White, CC Chang, SH TI Viscoelastic characterization of polymers using instrumented indentation. I. Quasi-static testing SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE creep; indentation; modulus; relaxation; rheology; strain; stress; viscoelastic properties ID HALF-SPACE; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTER; STRESSES AB The use of instrumented indentation to characterize the mechanical response of polymeric materials was studied. A model based on contact between a rigid probe and a linear viscoelastic material was used to calculate values for the creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus for two glassy polymeric materials, epoxy and poly(methyl methacrylate), and two poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomers. Results from bulk rheometry studies were used for comparison with the indentation stress relaxation results. For the two glassy polymers, the use of sharp pyramidal tips produced responses that were considerably more compliant (less stiff) than the rheometry values. Additional study of the deformation remaining in epoxy after indentation creep testing as a function of the creep hold time revealed that a large portion of the creep displacement measured was due to postyield flow. Indentation creep measurements of the epoxy with a rounded conical tip also produced nonlinear responses, but the creep compliance values appeared to approach linear viscoelastic values with decreasing creep force. Responses measured for the unfilled PDMS were mainly linear elastic, with the filled PDMS exhibiting some time-dependent and slight nonlinear responses in both rheometry and indentation measurements. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, lnc. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP VanLandingham, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mvanlandingham@arl.army.mil NR 19 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 50 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 14 BP 1794 EP 1811 DI 10.1002/polb.20454 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942DE UT WOS:000230262300005 ER PT J AU White, CC Vanlandingham, MR Drzal, PL Chang, NK Chang, SH AF White, CC Vanlandingham, MR Drzal, PL Chang, NK Chang, SH TI Viscoelastic characterization of polymers using instrumented indentation. II. Dynamic testing SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; nanotechnology; rheology ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; CONTACT STIFFNESS; HARDNESS; LOAD; NANOINDENTATION AB Dynamic nanoindentation was performed on a cured epoxy, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and two poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) samples of different crosslink densities. These samples were used to compare dynamic nanoindentation with classical rheological measurements on polymeric samples in the glassy and rubbery plateau regions. Excellent agreement between bulk rheological data and dynamic nanoindentation data was observed for the two glassy materials (epoxy and PMMA) and the less compliant PDMS sample. More divergent results were observed for the more compliant PDMS sample. The theoretical foundation and historical development of the working equations for these two types of instrumentation are presented and discussed. The major difference between nanoindentation and the more classical rheological results is in the treatment of the instrument-sample interface. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 21 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 49 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 14 BP 1812 EP 1824 DI 10.1002/polb.20455 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942DE UT WOS:000230262300006 ER PT J AU Forster, PMD Burkholder, JB Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Dutta, M Gohar, LK Hurley, MD Myhre, G Portmann, RW Shine, KP Wallington, TJ Wuebbles, D AF Forster, PMD Burkholder, JB Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Dutta, M Gohar, LK Hurley, MD Myhre, G Portmann, RW Shine, KP Wallington, TJ Wuebbles, D TI Resolution of the uncertainties in the radiative forcing of HFC-134a SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE HFC-134a; radiative forcing; uncertainties; global warming potential ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; INFRARED BAND STRENGTHS; ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; GREENHOUSE GASES; COOLING RATES; HALOCARBONS; CLIMATE; OZONE; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS AB HCF-134a (CF3CH2F) is the most rapidly growing hydrofluorocarbon in terms of atmospheric abundance. It is currently used in a large number of household refrigerators and air-conditioning systems and its concentration in the atmosphere is forecast to increase substantially over the next 50-100 years. Previous estimates of its radiative forcing per unit concentration have differed significantly similar to25%. This paper uses a two-step approach to resolve this discrepancy. In the first step six independent absorption cross section datasets are analysed. We find that, for the integrated cross section in the spectral bands that contribute most to the radiative forcing, the differences between the various datasets are typically smaller than 5% and that the dependence on pressure and temperature is not significant. A "recommended" HFC-134a infrared absorption spectrum was obtained based on the average band intensities of the strongest bands. In the second step, the "recommended" HFC-134a spectrum was used in six different radiative transfer models to calculate the HFC-134a radiative forcing efficiency. The clear-sky instantaneous radiative forcing, using a single global and annual mean profile, differed by 8%, between the 6 models, and the latitudinally-resolved adjusted cloudy sky radiative forcing estimates differed by a similar amount. We calculate that the radiative forcing efficiency of HFC-134a is 0.16 +/- 0.02 Wm(-2)ppbv(-1). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. Free Univ Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Forster, PMD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Early Gate, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. EM piers@met.rdg.ac.uk RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010 OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 93 IS 4 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.08.038 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 901XQ UT WOS:000227316000004 ER PT J AU Dallimore, A Thomson, RE Bertram, MA AF Dallimore, A Thomson, RE Bertram, MA TI Modem to Late Holocene deposition in an anoxic fjord on the west coast of Canada: Implications for regional oceanography, climate and paleoseismic history SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laminated sediments; anoxic fjords; Pacific climate; regime shift ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EL-NINO; SAANICH INLET; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; EFFINGHAM INLET; NORTH-AMERICA; LAMINATED SEDIMENTS; VANCOUVER-ISLAND AB Laminated sediments preserved in the anoxic inner basin of Effingham Inlet on the Pacific coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, yield a high-resolution sediment deposition record spanning about 6000 yr. The varying thickness of diatom/terrigenous mud varves in sediment cores from the basin can be interpreted in terms of annual changes in surface productivity and freshwater input within the inlet. Similarly, the occurrence of unlaminated mud units (homogenites) intercalated amongst the laminated sediments can be interpreted in terms of oceanic and climatic changes. These units appear to be associated with coastal upwelling events that result infrequently in highly oxygenated oceanic water penetrating to the bottom of the inner and outer basins of the inlet. The sedimentary record also contains massive and graded mud units considered to arise from debris flows and turbidity currents, some of which were probably initiated by seismic events, including a major event about 4500 C-14 yr BP which may be earthquake related. A total of seventeen oceanographic surveys of the inlet beginning in 1995 characterize the modem seasonal coastal upwelling regime and a unique bottom water oxygenation event which was recorded in January 1999, following a rapid transition from the strong El Nino event of 1997-98 to the moderate La Nina event of 1998-99. Circum-Pacific evidence suggests that a "regime shift" from warm to cold conditions occurred in the central northeast Pacific in the late 1990s, indicating that the coastal ocean processes influencing Effingham Inlet sedimentation are likely modified by climate-scale ocean variability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dallimore, A (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM audrey.dallimore@nrcan.gc.ca; ThomsonR@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; mbertram@ocean.washington.edu NR 93 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 1 BP 47 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.05.003 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 945ZR UT WOS:000230542100004 ER PT J AU Notcutt, M Ma, LS Ye, J Hall, JL AF Notcutt, M Ma, LS Ye, J Hall, JL TI Simple and compact 1-Hz laser system via an improved mounting configuration of a reference cavity SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ND-YAG LASER; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; PHASE; STABILIZATION; LEVEL AB We report an improved mounting configuration for a passive optical cavity used for laser frequency stabilization. The associated reduction of the vibration sensitivity of the effective cavity length has led to a simple and compact reference cavity system for laser stabilization at the level of 1 Hz linewidth. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Notcutt, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM notcutt@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 10 TC 139 Z9 147 U1 10 U2 44 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 14 BP 1815 EP 1817 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001815 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 944EJ UT WOS:000230408700017 PM 16092355 ER PT J AU Fry, D Langhorst, B Kim, H Grulke, E Wang, H Hobbie, EK AF Fry, D Langhorst, B Kim, H Grulke, E Wang, H Hobbie, EK TI Anisotropy of sheared carbon-nanotube suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORIENTATION; BUNDLES; FLOW AB We measure the anisotropy of sheared carbon-nanotube suspensions for a broad range of concentration, aspect ratio, and strain rate using a variety of methods. Our measurements highlight the importance of excluded-volume interactions in the semidilute regime, with scaling in terms of a dimensionless shear rate. Our results also suggest that such interactions might be exploited to fractionate carbon nanotubes by length in simple shear flow. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Chem, Yongin 449701, Kyungkido, South Korea. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 AR 038304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.038304 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 946TU UT WOS:000230596600058 PM 16090778 ER PT J AU Ozeri, R Langer, C Jost, JD DeMarco, B Ben-Kish, A Blakestad, BR Britton, J Chiaverini, J Itano, WM Hume, DB Leibfried, D Rosenband, T Schmidt, PO Wineland, DJ AF Ozeri, R Langer, C Jost, JD DeMarco, B Ben-Kish, A Blakestad, BR Britton, J Chiaverini, J Itano, WM Hume, DB Leibfried, D Rosenband, T Schmidt, PO Wineland, DJ TI Hyperfine coherence in the presence of spontaneous photon scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS AB The coherence of a hyperfine-state superposition of a trapped Be-9(+) ion in the presence of off-resonant light is studied experimentally. It is shown that Rayleigh elastic scattering of photons that does not change state populations also does not affect coherence. We observe coherence times that exceed the average scattering time of 19 photons which is determined from measured Stark shifts. This result implies that, with sufficient control over its parameters, laser light can be used to manipulate hyperfine-state superpositions with very little decoherence. C1 NIST Boulder, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ozeri, R (reprint author), NIST Boulder, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; DeMarco, Brian/0000-0002-2791-0413 NR 19 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 AR 030403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.030403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 946TU UT WOS:000230596600003 PM 16090723 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Novikov, VN Gregory, RB Curtis, JE Chowdhuri, Z Sokolov, AP AF Roh, JH Novikov, VN Gregory, RB Curtis, JE Chowdhuri, Z Sokolov, AP TI Onsets of anharmonicity in protein dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLID-STATE; PURPLE MEMBRANES; THERMAL MOTIONS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TRANSITION; BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB Two onsets of anharmonicity are observed in the dynamics of the protein lysozyme. One at T similar to 100 K appears in all samples regardless of hydration level and is consistent with methyl group rotation. The second, the well-known dynamical transition at T similar to 200-230 K, is only observed at a hydration level h greater than similar to 0.2 and is ascribed to the activation of an additional relaxation process. Its variation with hydration correlates well with variations of catalytic activity suggesting that the relaxation process is directly related to the activation of modes required for protein function. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Russian Acad Sci, IA&E, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 28 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 AR 038101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.038101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 946TU UT WOS:000230596600053 PM 16090773 ER PT J AU Bisht, G Venturini, V Islam, S Jiang, L AF Bisht, G Venturini, V Islam, S Jiang, L TI Estimation of the net radiation using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data for clear sky days SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; net radiation; clear sky days ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SIMPLE PHYSICAL MODEL; NOAA-AVHRR DATA; FLUX PARAMETERIZATIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ALGORITHM; ALBEDO; EVAPORATION; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS AB A simple scheme is proposed to estimate instantaneous net radiation over large heterogeneous areas for clear sky days using only remote sensing observations. Our method attempts to develop an algorithm which primarily uses remote sensing information and eliminates the need for ground information as model input, by using various land and atmospheric data products available from Terra-MODIS. It explicitly recognizes the need for spatially varied parameters and provides a distributed net radiation map over large heterogeneous domain with fine spatial resolution. Since instantaneous net radiation estimates have limited scope compared to daily average values or diurnal cycle, a sinusoidal model is proposed to estimate diurnal cycle of net radiation. The sinusoidal model is capable of retrieving the diurnal variations of net radiation with a single instantaneous net radiation estimate from the satellite. Preliminary results, using data over Southern Great Plains, show good agreement with ground-based observations. It appears that the methodology presented here can estimate instantaneous and daily net radiation with comparable accuracy to those of current methods that use ground-based observations and mainly provide point estimates. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Islam, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Shafiqul.Islam@tufts.edu RI Bisht, Gautam/J-4822-2014 NR 29 TC 135 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 52 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.03.014 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955DE UT WOS:000231204600005 ER PT J AU Revaz, B Zink, BL Hellman, F AF Revaz, B Zink, BL Hellman, F TI Si-N membrane-based microcalorimetry: Heat capacity and thermal conductivity of thin films SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Lahnwitz Seminar on Thermodynamics and Calorimetry of Thin Films CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Rostock Warnemunde, GERMANY DE Si-N films; microcalorimetry; thin films; thermal conductivity ID SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; SMALL SAMPLES; TRANSPORT; STRESS; SUPERLATTICES; TEMPERATURES AB We have used silicon micromachining techniques to fabricate devices for measuring specific heat or other calorimetric signals from microgram-quantity samples over a temperature range from 1.7 to at least 525 K in magnetic fields to date tip to 8 T. The devices are based on a robust silicon-nitride membrane with thin film heaters and thermometers. Different types of thermometers are used for different purposes and in different temperature ranges. These devices are particularly useful for thin film samples (typically 100-400 nm thick at present) deposited directly onto the membrane through a Si micromachined evaporation mask. They have also been used for small bulk samples attached by conducting grease, Ga or In, and for powder samples dissolved in a solvent and dropped onto devices. The measurement technique used (relaxation method) is particularly suited to high field measurements because the thermal conductance can be measured once in zero field and is field independent, while the time constant of the relaxation does not depend on thermometer calibration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Revaz, B (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM bermard.revaz@physics.unige.ch OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 432 IS 2 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2005.04.004 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 943BN UT WOS:000230326900007 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD AF Mountain, RD TI A polarizable model for ethylene oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NUCLEAR; CHARGE; FLUIDS AB A series of interaction models for ethylene oxide are developed for use in molecular simulation of the thermal properties of both the gas and liquid phases. While it is possible to develop nonpolarizable models to accurately generate either the gas or liquid properties separately, it was not possible to do so using a single model for both phases. A polarizable, rigid all-atom model was developed that reproduces the temperature dependence of the second virial coefficient B(7) and the pressure of the liquid at ambient conditions. The model consists of Lennard-Jones and Coulomb, interactions between intermolecular atomic sites plus a scalar polarizability located at the midpoint of the line joining the carbon sites. The electrostatic charges and the polarizability are set to match the experimentally determined dipole and quadrupole moments and the molecular polarizability. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM RMountain@nist.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 14 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 27 BP 13352 EP 13355 DI 10.1021/jp051379k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 944YT UT WOS:000230467900048 PM 16852666 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Shi, W AF Wang, MH Shi, W TI Estimation of ocean contribution at the MODIS near-infrared wavelengths along the east coast of the US: Two case studies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COLOR IMAGERY; SEAWIFS; WATER AB Atmospheric correction for the ocean color products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) uses two near-infrared (NIR) bands centered at 748 and 869 nm. Ocean is usually assumed to be black at these two NIR wavelengths. For Case-2 and high productive Case-1 waters, however, ocean could have significant contributions in the NIR, leading to significant under-estimation of the MODIS-derived water-leaving radiances. This is often the case in coastal regions. In this paper, measurements from the MODIS Terra at the short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths (1240 and 1640 nm) are used to evaluate the ocean contributions at wavelengths 748 and 869 nm. The ocean is black in coastal regions in these SWIR bands due to much stronger water absorption. Studies of two MODIS granules off the east coast of the U. S. show that the ocean could have reflectance values of similar to 3.1% and similar to 1.8% at the top of atmosphere (TOA) for bands 748 and 869 nm in the Outer Banks, while these values are similar to 0.15% and similar to 0.1% in the Chesapeake Bay region. Thus, for the turbid waters, it is important to accurately account for the ocean contributions in the NIR bands for the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 6 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13606 DI 10.1029/2005GL022917 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 950BT UT WOS:000230833300001 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RE Parrish, JD AF Schroeder, RE Parrish, JD TI Resilience of predators to fishing pressure on coral patch reefs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental fishing; fish density; midway atoll; piscivores; reef fish; undisturbed coral reef communities ID LIFE-HISTORY; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FISHES; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; POPULATIONS; SIZE; SURGEONFISHES; NORTHWESTERN; CONSEQUENCES AB Numbers and biomass of piscivorous fish and their predation on other fish may often be high in undisturbed coral reef communities. The effects of such predation have sometimes been studied by removal of piscivores (either experimentally or by fishermen). Such perturbations have usually involved removal of large, highly vulnerable, mobile piscivores that are often actively sought in fisheries. The effects of fishing on smaller, demersal, semi-resident piscivores have been little studied. We studied such effects on the fish communities of patch reefs at Midway atoll by experimentally removing major resident, demersal, piscivorous fishes. First, four control reefs and four experimental reefs were selected, their dimensions and habitats mapped, and their visible fish communities censused repeatedly over I year. Census of all control and experimental reefs was continued for the following 39 months, during which known piscivores were collected repeatedly by hand spearing. Records were kept of catch and effort to calculate CPUE as an index of predator density. Spearfishing on the experimental reefs removed 2504 piscivorous fish from 12 families and 43 taxa (mostly species). The species richness of the catch did not show an overall change over the duration of the experiment. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed some unexpected positive correlations for density in numbers and biomass of major fished piscivorous groups (especially lizardfish) over the experiment. Only two relatively minor fished piscivorous taxa declined in abundance over the experiment, while the overall abundance of piscivores increased. Visual censuses of fish on the experimental reefs also failed to show reduction of total piscivores over the full experimental period. No significant trend in the abundance of lizardfish censused over the full period was apparent on any of the control reefs. The high resilience of piscivores on these experimental reefs to relatively intense fishing pressure could result from their protracted recruitment seasons, high immigration rates, cryptic habits, or naturally high abundances. A major factor was the high immigration rates of lizardfish, replacing lizardfish and other less mobile piscivores removed from the reefs by spearing. On the fished reefs, the removed lizardfish population replaced itself > 20 times during the experiment; other piscivorous taxa replaced themselves only 5 times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Parrish, JD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parrishj@hawaii.edu NR 64 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 321 IS 2 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.01.007 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 943PZ UT WOS:000230367600001 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Jugovich, AR Hare, JA AF Wuenschel, MJ Jugovich, AR Hare, JA TI Metabolic response of juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) to temperature and salinity: Physiological cost of different environments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energetics; physiological ecology; reef fish; routine metabolism ID SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODELS; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; OF-THE-YEAR; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; ROUTINE METABOLISM; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISH; GROWTH AB Juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) occupy a wide range of estuarine and nearshore habitats that differ in physicochemical properties. To quantify the energetic cost of inhabiting these different habitats, routine metabolism of individual gray snapper was measured in the laboratory at 20 combinations of temperature (18, 23, 28, and 33 degrees C and salinity (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 psu). An open, flow-through respirometer was used, enabling trials to be run for long periods (similar to 16 h), while maintaining water quality (dissolved O-2> 70% saturation), and providing fish sufficient time to habituate to the chambers undisturbed. Video recordings of fish in the respirometer chambers were analyzed to quantify the spontaneous activity rate of individuals. Analysis of covariance, using fish weight and mean activity rate as covariates, indicated significant temperature and salinity effects on oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption was significantly higher at high salinities, and the salinity effect was temperature dependent. A polynomial equation describing oxygen consumption as a function of temperature and salinity indicated the increase due to salinity from 5 to 45 psu at high temperatures (30-33 degrees C) was equivalent to a 3 degrees C increase in temperature. At intermediate temperatures (24-26 degrees C), the increase due to salinity from 5 to 45 psu was less dramatic, equivalent to a 2 degrees C increase in temperature. At the lowest temperatures (18 degrees C), salinity did not have a significant effect on oxygen consumption. The increased metabolic costs in high salinities (-7% at the high temperature) represent a significant energy cost for juveniles, that would need to be balanced by lower predation risk or greater food availability to result in similar juvenile production compared to lower salinity environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Mark.Wuenschel@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 321 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.01.009 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 943PZ UT WOS:000230367600005 ER PT J AU Larkin, NK Harrison, DE AF Larkin, NK Harrison, DE TI On the definition of El Nino and associated seasonal average US weather anomalies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; WARM AB A new NOAA definition of El Nino identifies a number of additional El Nino seasons beyond those conventionally agreed. These additional seasons are characterized by SST anomalies primarily in the western central equatorial Pacific. We show here that the seasonal weather anomalies over the U. S. associated with these additional Dateline El Nino seasons are substantially different from those associated with conventional El Nino seasons. Although some regions have similar associated anomalies, most of the major regional anomalies are quite different. Treating the two as a single phenomenon yields weaker overall seasonal weather associations and does not take advantage of the stronger associations available when the two are treated separately. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larkin, NK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM larkin@fs.fed.us RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 13 TC 79 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13705 DI 10.1029/2005GL022738 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 950BR UT WOS:000230833100005 ER PT J AU Meko, DM Woodhouse, CA AF Meko, DM Woodhouse, CA TI Tree-ring footprint of joint hydrologic drought in Sacramento and Upper Colorado river basins, western USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleoclimatology; drought; runoff; tree rings; western US; ENSO ID UNITED-STATES; TELECONNECTIONS; OSCILLATION; MODULATION; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; INDEXES AB Growing and changing demands on water supply, along with natural climate variability and possible anthropogenically induced climate change, make water resource management and planning increasingly challenging, particularly in and regions. Instrumental climate and gaged streamflow records provide just a snapshop of recent natural hydrologic variability. In this paper, we use tree-ring-based annual streamflow reconstructions for the Sacramento River in California and the Blue River in western Colorado to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of widespread drought simultaneously affecting both basins over the past five centuries. Stability of joint-drought episodes and the covariation of reconstructed flows in the two basins are analyzed with sliding correlations, spectral analysis and a hypergeometric test. Year-to-year spatial patterns of moisture anomalies in a singular joint-drought episode in the late-1500s are mapped with a network of tree-ring data. Climatological aspects of joint droughts of the 20th century are investigated with 500-mb geopotential height data and climatic indices. Although flow in the two rivers is only very weakly correlated over the full 538-yr reconstruction period, more years of joint drought occur than would be expected by chance alone. Covariation in reconstructed flows is stronger in the late 1500s and mid-1700s than at any time since 1800. The late 1500s period of drought is not characterized as a decades-long unbroken drought, but as a series of drought impulses broken by wet years, with widespread moisture deficits in joint dry years. Periods of high inter-basin correlation in reconstructed flow are characterized by coherency at frequencies within the ENSO band. However, joint droughts in instrumental gage records do not display any consistent relationship with ENSO or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and so it is difficult to infer either as a causal mechanism for joint droughts in the past. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meko, DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dmeko@ltrr.arizona.edu; connie.woodhouse@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 196 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.003 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938HW UT WOS:000229991500012 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Ferreira, JG AF Bricker, SB Ferreira, JG TI Reply to "Comment on the deduction of equations for the determination of anthropogenic influence for assessment of estuarine trophic status" SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. DCEA, FCT, IMAR, Ctr Ecol Modelling, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 2-4 BP 549 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.12.003 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929RJ UT WOS:000229363200025 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Heymsfield, AJ Wang, Z AF Matrosov, SY Heymsfield, AJ Wang, Z TI Dual-frequency radar ratio of nonspherical atmospheric hydrometeors SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; SNOWFALL; SIZE AB Dual-frequency cloud and precipitation radar systems are being actively developed and installed on different platforms. The use of two radar frequencies ( with at least one frequency outside the Rayleigh type of scattering for hydrometeors of interest) allows independent estimates of hydrometeor effective size. With these estimates, radar-based retrievals of such important parameters as cloud mass content or precipitation rate can be potentially performed with better accuracy compared to single-frequency radar measurements. This study presents quantitative assessments of the effects of nonsphericity of ice cloud particles which influence the dual-frequency ratio used for characteristic size estimates. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov RI Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13816 DI 10.1029/2005GL023210 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 947JR UT WOS:000230640100008 ER PT J AU Myhre, G Stordal, F Johnsrud, M Diner, DJ Geogdzhayev, IV Haywood, JM Holben, BN Holzer-Popp, T Ignatov, A Kahn, RA Kaufman, YJ Loeb, N Martonchik, JV Mishchenko, MI Nalli, NR Remer, LA Schroedter-Homscheidt, M Tanre, D Torres, O Wang, M AF Myhre, G Stordal, F Johnsrud, M Diner, DJ Geogdzhayev, IV Haywood, JM Holben, BN Holzer-Popp, T Ignatov, A Kahn, RA Kaufman, YJ Loeb, N Martonchik, JV Mishchenko, MI Nalli, NR Remer, LA Schroedter-Homscheidt, M Tanre, D Torres, O Wang, M TI Intercomparison of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth over ocean during the period September 1997 to December 2000 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SIMULTANEOUS GOME SPECTROMETER; INDIVIDUAL AVHRR CHANNELS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CONSISTENCY CHECKS; SOLAR SPECTRUM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTION; CLOUD; VALIDATION AB Monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) over ocean is compared from a total of 9 aerosol retrievals during a 40 months period. Comparisons of AOD have been made both for the entire period and sub periods. We identify regions where there is large disagreement and good agreement between the aerosol satellite retrievals. Significant differences in AOD have been identified in most of the oceanic regions. Several analyses are performed including spatial correlation between the retrievals as well as comparison with AERONET data. During the 40 months period studied there have been several major aerosol field campaigns as well as events of high aerosol content. It is studied how the aerosol retrievals compare during such circumstances. The differences found in this study are larger than found in a previous study where 5 aerosol retrievals over an 8 months period were compared. Part of the differences can be explained by limitations and deficiencies in some of the aerosol retrievals. In particular, results in coastal regions are promising especially for aerosol retrievals from satellite instruments particularly suited for aerosol research. In depth analyses explaining the differences between AOD obtained in different retrievals are clearly needed. We limit this study to identifying differences and similarities and indicating possible sources that affect the quality of the retrievals. This is a necessary first step towards understanding the differences and improving the retrievals. C1 Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. DLR, DFD, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Myhre, G (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM gunnar.myhre@geo.uio.no RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473 NR 60 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1697 EP 1719 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 944TT UT WOS:000230453500002 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E AF Mamontov, E TI High-resolution neutron-scattering study of slow dynamics of surface water molecules in zirconium oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED WATER; CONFINED WATER; DIFFUSION; MODEL; GLASS AB We have performed a quasielastic neutron-scattering experiment on backscattering spectrometer with sub-mu eV resolution to investigate the slow dynamics of surface water in zirconium oxide using the sample studied previously with a time-of-flight neutron spectrometer [E. Mamontov, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9087 (2004)]. The backscattering measurements in the temperature range of 240-300 K have revealed a translational dynamics slower by another order of magnitude compared to the translational dynamics of the outer hydration layer observed in the time-of-flight experiment. The relaxation function of this slow motion is described by a stretched exponential with the stretch factors between 0.8 and 0.9, indicating a distribution of the relaxation times. The temperature dependence of the average residence time is non-Arrhenius, suggesting that the translational motion studied in this work is more complex than surface jump diffusion previously observed for the molecules of the outer hydration layer. The observed slow dynamics is ascribed to the molecules of the inner hydration layer that form more hydrogen bonds compared to the molecules of the outer hydration layer. Despite being slower by two orders of magnitude, the translational motion of the molecules of the inner hydration layer may have more in common with bulk water compared to the outer hydration layer, the dynamics of which is slower than that of bulk water by just one order of magnitude. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mamontov@nist.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 2 AR 024706 DI 10.1063/1.1949171 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 947NU UT WOS:000230653700033 PM 16050765 ER PT J AU Marian, A Stowe, MC Felinto, D Ye, J AF Marian, A Stowe, MC Felinto, D Ye, J TI Direct frequency comb measurements of absolute optical frequencies and population transfer dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER COMB; MODE-LOCKED LASER; 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; METROLOGY; RUBIDIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; ION AB A phase-stabilized femtosecond laser comb is directly used for high-resolution spectroscopy and absolute optical frequency measurements of one- and two-photon transitions in laser-cooled Rb-87 atoms. Absolute atomic transition frequencies, such as the 5S(1/2) F=2 -> 7S(1/2) F-''=2 two-photon resonance measured at 788 794 768 921 (44) kHz, are determined without a priori knowledge about their values. Detailed dynamics of population transfer driven by a sequence of pulses are uncovered and taken into account for the measurement of the 5P states via resonantly enhanced two-photon transitions. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Marian, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Felinto, Daniel/M-8756-2014 NR 22 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.023001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 944OW UT WOS:000230439500016 PM 16090680 ER PT J AU Russo, D Murarka, RK Copley, JRD Head-Gordon, T AF Russo, D Murarka, RK Copley, JRD Head-Gordon, T TI Molecular view of water dynamics near model peptides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN GLASS-TRANSITION; HYDRATION WATER; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB Incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) has been used to measure the dynamics of water molecules in solutions of a model protein backbone, N-acetyl-glycine-methylamide (NAGMA), as a function of concentration, for comparison with results for water dynamics in aqueous solutions of the N-acetyl-leucine-methylamide (NALMA) hydrophobic peptide at comparable concentrations. From the analysis of the elastic incoherent structure factor, we find significant fractions of elastic intensity at high and low concentrations for both solutes, which corresponds to a greater population of protons with rotational time scales outside the experimental resolution (> 13 ps). The higher-concentration solutions show a component of the elastic fraction that we propose is due to water motions that are strongly coupled to the solute motions, while for low-concentration solutions an additional component is activated due to dynamic coupling between inner and outer hydration layers. An important difference between the solute types at the highest concentration studied is found from stretched exponential fits to their experimental intermediate scattering functions, showing more pronounced anomalous diffusion signatures for NALMA, including a smaller stretched exponent beta and a longer structural relaxation time tau than those found for NAGMA. The more normal water diffusion exhibited near the hydrophilic NAGMA provides experimental support for an explanation of the origin of the anomalous diffusion behavior of NALMA as arising from frustrated interactions between water molecules when a chemical interface is formed upon addition of a hydrophobic side chain, inducing spatial heterogeneity in the hydration dynamics in the two types of regions of the NALMA peptide. We place our QENS measurements on model biological solutes in the context of other spectroscopic techniques and provide both confirming as well as complementary dynamic information that attempts to give a unifying molecular view of hydration dynamics signatures near peptides and proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP OGG INFM, ILL, 6 Rue J Horowits,BP156, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM Daniela.Russo@roma2.infn.it; murarka@berkeley.edu RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65239-01, R01 GM065239, R01 GM065239-02] NR 98 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 26 BP 12966 EP 12975 DI 10.1021/jp051137k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 941OS UT WOS:000230224700045 PM 16852609 ER PT J AU Kirov, AS Piao, JZ Mathur, NK Miller, TR Devic, S Trichter, S Zaider, M Soares, CG LoSasso, T AF Kirov, AS Piao, JZ Mathur, NK Miller, TR Devic, S Trichter, S Zaider, M Soares, CG LoSasso, T TI The three-dimensional scintillation dosimetry method: test for a Ru-106 eye plaque applicator SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BEAM DOSIMETRY; PLASTIC SCINTILLATOR; BRACHYTHERAPY DOSIMETRY; OPHTHALMIC APPLICATORS; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOCHROMIC FILM; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; LIQUID SCINTILLATOR; DOSE-RESPONSE; 3D DOSIMETRY AB The need for fast, accurate and high resolution dosimetric quality assurance in radiation therapy has been outpacing the development of new and improved 2D and 3D dosimetry techniques. This paper summarizes the efforts to create a novel and potentially very fast, 3D dosimetry method based on the observation of scintillation light from an irradiated liquid scintillator volume serving simultaneously as a phantom material and as a dose detector medium. The method, named three-dimensional scintillation dosimetry (3DSD), uses visible light images of the liquid scintillator volume at multiple angles and applies a tomographic algorithm to a series of these images to reconstruct the scintillation light emission density in each voxel of the volume. It is based on the hypothesis that with careful design and data processing, one can achieve acceptable proportionality between the local light emission density and the locally absorbed dose. The method is applied to a Ru-106 eye plaque immersed in a 16.4 cm(3) liquid scintillator volume and the reconstructed 3D dose map is compared along selected profiles and planes with radiochromic film and diode measurements. The comparison indicates that the 3DSD method agrees, within 25% for most points or within similar to 2 mm distance to agreement, with the relative radiochromic film and diode dose distributions in a small (similar to 4.5 mm high and similar to 12 mm diameter) volume in the unobstructed, high gradient dose region outside the edge of the plaque. For a comparison, the reproducibility of the radiochromic film results for our measurements ranges from 10 to 15% within this volume. At present, the 3DSD method is not accurate close to the edge of the plaque, and further than similar to 10 mm (< 10% central axis depth dose) from the plaque surface. Improvement strategies, considered important to provide a more accurate quick check of the dose profiles in 3D for brachytherapy applicators, are discussed. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Washington Univ, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. McGill Univ, Dept Med Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kirov, AS (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM kirova@mskcc.org OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 50 IS 13 BP 3063 EP 3081 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/50/13/007 PG 19 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 948HU UT WOS:000230707500007 PM 15972981 ER PT J AU Koga, T Jerome, JL Seo, YS Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Satija, SK AF Koga, T Jerome, JL Seo, YS Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Satija, SK TI Effect of density fluctuating supercritical carbon dioxide on polymer interfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; PHASE-SEPARATION; BLENDS; BEHAVIOR; FLUIDS AB We investigated an effect Of CO2 sorption on the compatibility of immiscible polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) bilayers by using in situ neutron reflectivity. By labeling either polymer with deuterium, we found that the excess CO2 molecules were adsorbed to both top PS and bottom PB layers when the bilayers were exposed to CO2 at the narrow T and P regime near the critical point of pure CO2. Furthermore, we clarified that this excess sorption Of CO2 Molecules increased the interfacial width between the layers up to 100 A even near room temperature, while the interfacial width without CO2 exposure has been reported to be at most 40 A even at the highest temperature (T congruent to 175 degrees C). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.cc.sunsyb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 14 BP 6157 EP 6160 DI 10.1021/la050669p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 941XW UT WOS:000230248500009 PM 15982015 ER PT J AU Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Byrd, HCM Beers, KL AF Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Byrd, HCM Beers, KL TI Block copolymer PEO-b-PHPMA synthesis using controlled radical polymerization on a chip SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); block copolymers; high-throughput screening; microfluidics; radical polymerization ID AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; METHACRYLATE; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide-block-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PHPMA) with a range of molecular masses of the PHPMA block were obtained by controlled radical polymerization on a chip (CRP chip) using a PEO macroinitiator. A series of well-controlled polymerizations were carried out at different pumping rates or reaction times with a constant ratio of monomer to initiator. The stoichiometry of the reactants was also adjusted by varying relative flow rates to change the reactant concentrations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1002/marc.200500214 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 943TL UT WOS:000230377300004 ER PT J AU Artemev, A Slutsker, J Roytburd, AL AF Artemev, A Slutsker, J Roytburd, AL TI Phase field modeling of self-assembling nanostructures in constrained films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; phase field method; self-assembling nanostructures; constrained films; multiferroic films ID ELASTIC DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; BATIO3-COFE2O4 NANOSTRUCTURES; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION AB We present a thermodynamic analysis and phase field modeling of self-assembled multiphase nanostructures produced by phase transformations in constrained layers. Due to coherency between the phases, the elastic interactions between them and between each phase and the substrate layer play an important role in the formation of the nanostructures. It has been shown that a variety of morphologies of heterophase nanostructures can be obtained depending on the crystallographic characteristics of transformations, elastic properties of the phases, relative fractions of the phases, and the thickness of the film. The results obtained by phase-field modeling agree well with predictions of an analytical thermodynamic model. The final equilibrium structures are determined by thermodynamic parameters and do not depend on the transformation path and, therefore, the phase-field approach developed in this paper can be expanded to finding equilibrium multiphase coherent nanostructures created as a result of solid-solid or solid-liquid transformations as well as during co-deposition on a substrate. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM julias@nist.gov NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 3425 EP 3432 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.04.016 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 942EB UT WOS:000230264600009 ER PT J AU Goodwin, KD Tokarczyk, R Stephens, FC Saltzman, ES AF Goodwin, KD Tokarczyk, R Stephens, FC Saltzman, ES TI Description of toluene inhibition of methyl bromide biodegradation in seawater and isolation of a marine toluene oxidizer that degrades methyl bromide SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENRY LAW CONSTANTS; SP-NOV; BACTERIAL OXIDATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GEN-NOV; PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; COASTAL SEAWATER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB Methyl bromide (CH(3)Br) and methyl chloride (CH(3)Cl) are important precursors for destruction of stratospheric ozone, and oceanic uptake is an important component of the biogeochemical cycle of these methyl halides. In an effort to identify and characterize the organisms mediating halocarbon biodegradation, we surveyed the effect of potential cometabolic substrates on CH(3)Br biodegradation using a (13)CH(3)Br incubation technique. Toluene (160 to 200 nM) clearly inhibited CH(3)Br and CH(3)Cl degradation in seawater samples from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Furthermore, a marine bacterium able to co-oxidize CH(3)Br while growing on toluene was isolated from subtropical Western Atlantic seawater. The bacterium, Oxy6, was also able to oxidize o-xylene and the xylene monooxygenase (XMO) pathway intermediate 3-methylcatechol. Patterns of substrate oxidation, lack of acetylene inhibition, and the inability of the toluene 4-monooxygenase (T4MO) -containing bacterium Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 to degrade CH(3)Br ruled out participation of the T4MO pathway in Oxy6. Oxy6 also oxidized a variety of toluene (TOL) pathway intermediates such as benzyl alcohol, benzylaldehyde, benzoate, and catechol, but the inability of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 to degrade CH(3)Br suggested that the TOL pathway might not be responsible for CH(3)Br biodegradation. Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified Oxy6 to be a member of the family Sphingomonadaceae related to species within the Porphyrobacter genus. Although some Sphingomonadaceae can degrade a variety of xenobiotic compounds, this appears to be the first report of CH(3)Br degradation for this class of organism. The widespread inhibitory effect of toluene on natural seawater samples and the metabolic capabilities of Oxy6 indicate a possible link between aromatic hydrocarbon utilization and the biogeochemical cycle of methyl halides. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 81 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 BP 3495 EP 3503 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3495-3503.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944RE UT WOS:000230445700014 PM 16000753 ER PT J AU Schein, J Bushby, ST AF Schein, J Bushby, ST TI Fault detection and diagnostics - For AHUs and VAV boxes SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schein, J (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 7 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 944ZY UT WOS:000230471200017 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Redfield, S Linsky, JL Muller, HR Zank, GP AF Wood, BE Redfield, S Linsky, JL Muller, HR Zank, GP TI Stellar Ly alpha emission lines in the Hubble Space Telescope archive: Intrinsic line fluxes and absorption from the heliosphere and astrospheres SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; ISM : structure; stars : chromospheres; stars : winds, outflows; ultraviolet : ISM; ultraviolet : stars ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-LIKE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SKY SURVEY CATALOG; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; HOT WHITE-DWARF; MASS-LOSS RATES; FUSE MISSION; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE AB We search the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) archive for previously unanalyzed observations of stellar H I Ly alpha emission lines, our primary purpose being to look for new detections of Ly alpha absorption from the outer heliosphere and to also search for analogous absorption from the astrospheres surrounding the observed stars. The astrospheric absorption is of particular interest because it can be used to study solar- like stellar winds that are otherwise undetectable. We find and analyze 33 HST Ly alpha spectra in the archive. All the spectra were taken with the E140M grating of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ( STIS) instrument on board HST. The HST STIS spectra yield four new detections of heliospheric absorption ( 70 Oph, xi Boo, 61 Vir, and HD 165185) and seven new detections of astrospheric absorption ( EV Lac, 70 Oph, xi Boo, 61 Vir, delta Eri, HD 128987, and DK UMa), doubling the previous number of heliospheric and astrospheric detections. When combined with previous results, 10 of 17 lines of sight within 10 pc yield detections of astrospheric absorption. This high detection fraction implies that most of the ISM within 10 pc must be at least partially neutral, since the presence of HI within the ISM surrounding the observed star is necessary for an astrospheric detection. In contrast, the detection percentage is only 9.7% ( 3 out of 31) for stars beyond 10 pc. Our Ly alpha analyses provide measurements of ISM H i and D i column densities for all 33 lines of sight, and we discuss some implications of these results. Finally, we measure chromospheric Ly alpha fluxes from the observed stars. We use these fluxes to determine how Ly alpha flux correlates with coronal X- ray and chromospheric Mg ii emission, and we also study how Ly alpha emission depends on stellar rotation. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woodb@origins.colorado.edu; sredfield@astro.as.utexas.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; hans.mueller@dartmouth.edu; zank@ucrac1.ucr.edu NR 118 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 159 IS 1 BP 118 EP 140 DI 10.1086/430523 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939PH UT WOS:000230084400006 ER PT J AU Dotzek, N Rabin, RM Carey, LD MacGorman, DR McCormick, TL Demetriades, NW Murphy, MJ Holle, RL AF Dotzek, N Rabin, RM Carey, LD MacGorman, DR McCormick, TL Demetriades, NW Murphy, MJ Holle, RL TI Lightning activity related to satellite and radar observations of a mesoscale convective system over Texas on 7-8 April 2002 SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE) CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL Versailles, FRANCE DE MCS; severe thunderstorm; lightning; satellite; radar ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; OKLAHOMA TORNADIC STORMS; UPPER-LEVEL STRUCTURE; 2 JUNE 1995; STRATIFORM REGION; DETECTION NETWORK; SEVERE WEATHER; LIFE-CYCLE; THUNDERSTORM; EVOLUTION AB A multi-sensor study of the leading-line, trailing-stratiform (LLTS) mesoscale convective system (MCS) that developed over Texas in the afternoon of 7 April 2002 is presented. The analysis relies mainly on operationally available data sources such as GOES East satellite imagery, WSR-88D radar data and NLDN cloud-to-ground flash data. In addition, total lightning information in three dimensions from the LDAR It network in the Dallas-Ft. Worth region is used. GOES East satellite imagery revealed several ring-like cloud top structures with a diameter of about 100 km during MCS formation. The Throckmorton tornadic supercell, which had formed just ahead of the developing linear MCS, was characterized by a high CG+ percentage below a V-shaped cloud top overshoot north of the tornado swath. There were indications of the presence of a tilted electrical dipole in this storm. Also this supercell had low average CG- first stroke currents and flash multiplicities. Interestingly, especially the average CG+ flash multiplicity in the Throckmorton storm showed oscillations with an estimated period of about 15 min. Later on, in the mature LLTS MCS, the radar versus lightning activity comparison revealed two dominant discharge regions at the back of the convective leading edge and a gentle descent of the upper intracloud lightning region into the trailing stratiform region, apparently coupled to hydrometeor sedimentation. There was evidence for an inverted dipole in the stratiform region of the LLTS MCS, and CG+ flashes from the stratiform region had high first return stroke peak currents. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Vaisala Tucson Operat, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Dotzek, N (reprint author), DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. EM nikolai.dotzek@dlr.de OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 NR 100 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.020 PG 40 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958IQ UT WOS:000231438300010 ER PT J AU Rust, WD MacGorman, DR Bruning, EC Weiss, SA Krehbiel, PR Thomas, RJ Rison, W Hamlin, T Harlin, J AF Rust, WD MacGorman, DR Bruning, EC Weiss, SA Krehbiel, PR Thomas, RJ Rison, W Hamlin, T Harlin, J TI Inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS) SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE) CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL Versailles, FRANCE DE storm electricity; electric field; sounding; lightning; charge; lightning mapping ID REGION; CHARGE; SYSTEM AB Balloon-borne electric field soundings and lightning mapping data have been analyzed for three of the storms that occurred in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study field program in 2000 to determine if the storms had inverted-polarity electrical structures. The polarities of all or some of the vertically stacked charge regions in such storms are opposite to the polarities observed at comparable heights in normal storms. Analyses compared the charge structures inferred from electric field soundings in the storms with charges inferred from three-dimensional lightning mapping data. Charge structures were inferred from electric field profiles by combining the one-dimensional approximation of Gauss's law with additional information from three-dimensional patterns in the electric field vectors. The three different ways of inferring the charge structure in the storms were found to complement each other and to be consistent overall. Charge deposition by lightning possibly occurred and increased the charge complexity of one of the storms. Many of the cloud flashes in each case were inverted-polarity flashes. Two storms produced ground flash activity comprised predominantly of positive ground flashes. One storm, which was an isolated thunderstorm, produced inverted-polarity cloud flashes, but no flashes to ground. The positive and negative thunderstorm charge regions were found at altitudes where, respectively, negative and positive charge would be found in normal-polarity storms. Thus, we conclude that these storms had anomalous and inverted-polarity electrical structures. Collectively, these three cases (along with the limited cases in the refereed literature) provide additional evidence that thunderstorms can have inverted-polarity electrical structures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Rust, WD (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dave.rust@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 NR 21 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.029 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958IQ UT WOS:000231438300016 ER PT J AU Goodman, SJ Blakeslee, R Christian, H Koshak, W Bailey, J Hall, J McCaul, E Buechler, D Darden, C Burks, J Bradshaw, T Gatlin, P AF Goodman, SJ Blakeslee, R Christian, H Koshak, W Bailey, J Hall, J McCaul, E Buechler, D Darden, C Burks, J Bradshaw, T Gatlin, P TI The North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array: Recent severe storm observations and future prospects SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE) CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL Versailles, FRANCE DE total lightning activity; thunderstorms; severe weather applications; forecasting AB The North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array became operational in November 2001 as a principal component of a severe weather test bed to infuse new science and technology into the short-term forecasting of severe and hazardous weather, principally within nearby National Weather Service forecast offices. Since the installation of the LMA, it has measured the total lightning activity of a large number of severe weather events, including three supercell tornado outbreaks, two supercell hailstorm events, and numerous microburst-producing storms and ordinary non-severe thunderstorms. The key components of evolving storm morphology examined are the time rate-of-change (temporal trending) of storm convective and precipitation characteristics that can be diagnosed in real-time using NEXRAD WSR-88D Doppler radar (echo growth and decay, precipitation structures and velocity features, outflow boundaries), LMA (total lightning flash rate and its trend) and National Lightning Detection Network (cloud-to-ground lightning, its polarity and trends). For example, in a transitional season supercell tornado outbreak, peak total flash rates for typical supercells in Tennessee reached 70-100 min(-1) and increases in the total flash rate occurred during storm intensification as much as 20-25 min prior to at least some of the tornadoes. The most intense total flash rate measured during this outbreak (over 800 flashes min(-1)) occur-red in a storm in Alabama. In the case of a severe summertime pulse thunderstorm in North Alabama, the peak total flash rate reached 300 min(-1), with a strong increase in total lightning evident some 9 min before damaging winds were observed at the surface. In this paper, we provide a sampling of LMA observations and products during severe weather events to illustrate the capability of the system, and discuss the prospects for improving the short-term forecasting of convective weather using total lightning data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Goodman, SJ (reprint author), NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM steven.goodman@nasa.gov OI Gatlin, Patrick/0000-0001-9345-1457 NR 12 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1-4 BP 423 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.035 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958IQ UT WOS:000231438300027 ER PT J AU Austin, J AF Austin, John TI Comment on the paper: On the design of practicable numerical experiments to investigate stratospheric temperature change, by S. Hare et al. (2005) SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB If stratospheric temperature trends are to be understood, coupled chemistry climate models will need to be run. Simulations with fixed ozone trends might provide a misleading indication of future temperature trends. Copyright. (C) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Austin, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Austin, John] UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus Rte 1,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1002/asl.107 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V19WH UT WOS:000208102000001 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Kareiva, PM AF Harvey, CJ Kareiva, PM TI Community context and the influence of non-indigenous species on juvenile salmon survival in a Columbia River reservoir SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE community ecology; endangered species; food web interactions; impacts; models; nonindigenous species; salmon ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVERS; ECOLOGY; PERTURBATION; PIKEMINNOW; INVASIONS AB Non-indigenous species (NIS) have been called biological pollutants, which implies that reducing their numbers should reduce negative impacts. To test this hypothesis, we used food web models, parameterized with data from field studies, to ask how reducing the number of NIS co-occurring with endangered salmon would affect salmon mortality. Our analyses indicate that predation on Upper Columbia River spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss juveniles was affected very little by NIS reduction. The effects of removing NIS were partly or totally offset by indirect food web interactions, and were subtle compared to effects of native predator management. We predict that the most effective way of reducing predation on salmon smolts will involve managing native predators and targeted removals of specific NIS. Minimizing impact of established NIS thus entails not only reducing NIS prevalence, but also considering background management practices and community context. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-5854-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963KZ UT WOS:000231804500010 ER PT J AU Koe, GS Vilker, VL AF Koe, GS Vilker, VL TI Effect of oxygen on the dehalogenation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane by cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA CYTOCHROME-P-450; REDUCED PUTIDAREDOXIN; HALOGENATED ALKANES; METABOLISM; KINETICS; BIOCATALYSIS; BIODEHALOGENATION; BIOACTIVATION; HYDROXYLATION; REDUCTION AB Cytochromes P450 are known to exhibit diverse catalytic functions against a large number of hydrocarbon substrates. The determinants of specific activity(ies) that operate on specific substrates have not been widely explored. Earlier, we showed that dehalogenation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) by P450cam (CYP101) monooxygenase exhibits oxygen- and substrate-dependent product distributions and reaction rates (1). Bromochloroacetone was the major conversion product when incubation media were saturated with oxygen, whereas allyl chloride was the sole product accounting for virtually all of the DBCP converted in the absence of oxygen. In an effort to develop a quantitative understanding of the effect of oxygen on product distribution and reaction rate, we have identified first generation products and measured reaction rates at four oxygen levels ranging from 0.01% to 100% saturation. In addition to bromochloroacetone and allyl chloride, a number of bromochloropropene isomers were identified in the presence of oxygen and are thought to be formed by an elimination mechanism. These products accounted for greater than 97 mol % of the reacted DBCP, which was run to high conversion (60-100 mol % DBCP converted). These measurements suggest that P450cam acts on the DBCP substrate through hydroxylation to produce 1-bromo-3-chloroacetone, through reduction to produce allyl chloride, and through elimination to produce bromochloropropene, with oxygen concentration determining the extent of each activity. A global data fitting kinetic model that describes the time-varying concentrations of substrate and products was developed to quantify the controlling level of oxygen on these multiple activities. The parameters of the model were compared with independent measurements and data from the literature. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vilker, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM vilker@nist.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1021/bp0500213 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 954AP UT WOS:000231126800014 PM 16080691 ER PT J AU Dabberdt, WF Schlatter, TW Carr, FH Friday, EWJ Jorgensen, D Koch, S Pirone, M Ralph, FM Sun, JZ Welsh, P Wilson, JW Zou, XL AF Dabberdt, WF Schlatter, TW Carr, FH Friday, EWJ Jorgensen, D Koch, S Pirone, M Ralph, FM Sun, JZ Welsh, P Wilson, JW Zou, XL TI Multifunctional mesoscale observing networks SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROSPECTUS DEVELOPMENT TEAM; WEATHER RESEARCH-PROGRAM; DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; STORM; NOAA AB More than 120 scientists, engineers, administrators, and users met on 8-10 December 2003 in a workshop format to discuss the needs for enhanced three-dimensional mesoscale observing networks. Improved networks are seen as being critical to advancing numerical and empirical modeling for a variety of mesoscale applications, including severe weather warnings and forecasts, hydrology, air-quality forecasting, chemical emergency response, transportation safety, energy management, and others. The participants shared a clear and common vision for the observing requirements: existing two-dimensional mesoscale measurement networks do not provide observations of the type, frequency, and density that are required to optimize mesoscale prediction and nowcasts. To be viable, mesoscale observing networks must serve multiple applications, and the public, private, and academic sectors must all actively participate in their design and implementation, as well as in the creation and delivery of value-added products. The mesoscale measurement challenge can best be met by an integrated approach that considers all elements of an end-to-end solution-identifying end users and their needs, designing an optimal mix of observations, defining the balance between static and dynamic (targeted or adaptive) sampling strategies, establishing long-term test beds, and developing effective implementation strategies. Detailed recommendations are provided pertaining to nowcasting, numerical prediction and data assimilation, test beds, and implementation strategies. C1 Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean & Atmospher Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean & Atmospher Res, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Jacksonville, FL USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Vaisala Inc, POB 3659, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM walter.dabberdt@vaisala.com RI Schlatter, Thomas /E-7480-2015 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 BP 961 EP 982 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-7-961 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946PN UT WOS:000230584600016 ER PT J AU Maxwell, MR Jacobson, LD Conser, RJ AF Maxwell, MR Jacobson, LD Conser, RJ TI Eggs-per-recruit model for management of the California market squid (Loligo opalescens) fishery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FALKLAND ISLANDS; CEPHALOPOD FISHERIES; ILLEX-ARGENTINUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; PHOTOLOLIGO SP; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; RATES; GAHI; AGE AB We develop a per-recruit model for the management of the California market squid (Loligo opalescens) fishery. Based on recent confirmation of determinate fecundity in this species, we describe how catch fecundity (i.e., eggs remaining in the reproductive tracts of harvested females) can be used to simultaneously infer fishing mortality rate along with management reference points such as yield-per-recruit, spawned eggs-per-recruit, and proportional egg escapement. Rates of mortality and egg laying have important effects on these reference points. Somewhat surprisingly, increasing the rate of natural mortality decreased spawned eggs-per-recruit while increasing proportional egg escapement. Increasing the rate of egg laying increased both spawned eggs-per-recruit and egg escapement. Other parameters, such as the maturation rate and gear vulnerability of immature females, affected the reference points. In actual practice, the influence of these parameters for immature squid may go undetected if immature squid are excluded from analysis of the catch. Application of this model to routine management is feasible but requires refinement of sampling procedures, biological assumptions, and model parameters. This model is useful because it is grounded on empirical data collected relatively inexpensively from catch samples (catch fecundity) while allowing for the simultaneous calculation of instantaneous fishing mortality rate and egg escapement. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Maxwell, MR (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, 5998 Alcala Pk, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM maxwellm@sandiego.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1640 EP 1650 DI 10.1139/F05-037 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960NB UT WOS:000231599300014 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikova, Y Zubcov, N Hungerford, S Roy, LA Boicenco, N Zubcov, E Schlenk, D AF Sapozhnikova, Y Zubcov, N Hungerford, S Roy, LA Boicenco, N Zubcov, E Schlenk, D TI Evaluation of pesticides and metals in fish of the Dniester River, Moldova SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; metals; fish; Dniester River; Moldova ID CHANNEL CATFISH; COPPER; EXPOSURE; MYKISS AB The Dniester River is one of the largest rivers in Eastern Europe and receives input from numerous anthropogenic activities. In October 2001, fish samples (Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus heckeli, Perca fluviatilis, Chondrostoma nasus, Carassius auratus gibelio, and Cyprinus carpio) were collected and analyzed for metals and various pesticides. Maximum total DDT pesticide concentrations were between 27.7 and 34.2 ng/g wet weight in muscles and gonads, respectively. DDE isomers comprised up to 70% of total DDT measurement in fish tissues, indicating historical rather than recent DDT pollution. Chlordane and lindane were also detected in amounts up to 37 and 76 ng/g wet weight in gonads, respectively. Among organophosphorous pesticides, malathion showed extremely high concentrations-3 mu g/g wet weight in muscles and 46 mu g/g wet weight in gonads, indicating recent exposure. Copper concentrations in muscles (1.8-7.2 mu g/g) exceeded Threshold Effect Concentrations for copper in fish. Detection of high concentrations of malathion and copper in fish tissues indicated potential anthropogenic stress for more sensitive aquatic biota, likely from agricultural sources in the Dniester River. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Inst Zool, Kishinev, Moldova. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM yelena.sapozhnikova@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.061 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939IT UT WOS:000230066700007 PM 15914239 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA Bedner, M Helz, GR AF MacCrehan, WA Bedner, M Helz, GR TI Making chlorine greener: Performance of alternative dechlorination agents in wastewater SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chlorine disinfection; chloramine; sulfite; thiosulfate; ascorbic acid; iron ID N-CHLORAMINES; SULFITE AB The residual chlorine in chlorine-disinfected and dechlorinated wastewater was characterized using a liquid chromatograph that was switched between reversed-phase separation and flow injection analysis modes, permitting measurement of fractionated and total residual chlorine, respectively. Residuals were detected in the effluent of an operating wastewater treatment plant employing chlorine disinfection and sulfite dechlorination. Despite dechlorination, an estimated total residual chlorine of 3 mu M (0.2 ppm as Cl-2) was detected in the effluent. To improve dechlorination effectiveness, four alternative agents (ascorbic acid, iron, sulfite plus iodide mediator, thiosulfate) were compared to sulfite on laboratory-chlorinated wastewater. Listed in order of decreasing relative effectiveness, we found: iron metal >> sulfite plus iodide approximate to thiosulfate > sulfite >> ascorbic acid. Only the iron metal column was completely effective at rapidly removing all traces of residual chlorine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP MacCrehan, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov RI Helz, George/D-1449-2010 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.075 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939IU UT WOS:000230066800011 PM 15924957 ER PT J AU Forster, PMD Joshi, M AF Forster, PMD Joshi, M TI The role of halocarbons in the climate change of the troposphere and stratosphere SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE FORCINGS; TEMPERATURES; TRENDS; GASES; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; CO2 AB Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth's climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of similar to 0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century's expected warming by similar to 20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. RP Forster, PMD (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM p.m.foster@reading.ac.uk RI Joshi, Manoj/C-1795-2008; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010 OI Joshi, Manoj/0000-0002-2948-2811; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5955-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955IJ UT WOS:000231219300010 ER PT J AU Ward-Geiger, LI Silber, GK Baumstark, RD Pulfer, TL AF Ward-Geiger, LI Silber, GK Baumstark, RD Pulfer, TL TI Characterization of ship traffic in right whale critical habitat SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE geographic information system; right whales; ship traffic ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ABUNDANCE AB Collisions with ships are a significant threat to the endangered North Atlantic right whale. To reduce this threat, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) established the Mandatory Ship Reporting System (MSRS) in July 1999. Under this system, all commercial ships, 300 gross tons or greater, are required to report to a shore-based station when entering either of two areas surrounding designated critical habitat: one in waters off the northeastern United States and the other off the southeastern United States. Information reported to the system includes entry location, destination, intended route, and speed. Reporting ships receive an automated message indicating precautionary steps to be taken to avoid hitting whales. Ship tracks between sequential ship locations were estimated by using a geographic information system (GIS) and mapped to illustrate traffic patterns within the MSRS. In the northeast, 69% of all valid tracks transited right whale critical habitat areas. All but two southeastern tracks intersected critical habitat. "High-use" traffic corridors were identified within the system. The majority of ships (59%) traveled at speeds greater or equal to 14 kn, a reported speed at which large whales may be critically injured. This characterization provides a portrait of ship traffic in right whale aggregation areas that can be used to develop measures to reduce the threat of ship strikes to right whales. C1 Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Ward-Geiger, LI (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Leslie.Ward@Myfwc.com NR 37 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1080/08920750590951965 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935XK UT WOS:000229816500003 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Hodges, MJ Marchetti, MP Nevitt, GA AF Lema, SC Hodges, MJ Marchetti, MP Nevitt, GA TI Proliferation zones in the salmon telencephalon and evidence for environmental influence on proliferation rate SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forebrain; neurogenesis; brain size; brain morphology; plasticity; fish; enrichment; hatchery ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ENRICHED-ENVIRONMENT; ADULT NEUROGENESIS; REARING ENVIRONMENTS; BRAIN MORPHOLOGY; ATLANTIC SALMON; OLFACTORY-BULB; DENTATE GYRUS; TELEOST FISH AB Cell proliferation occurs in the brain of fish throughout life. This mitotic activity contributes new neurons to some brain subdivisions, suggesting potential for plasticity in neural development. Recently we found that the telencephalon in salmonids (salmon, trout) is significantly reduced in fish reared in hatcheries compared to wild fish, and that these differences resulted in part from rearing conditions. Here, we describe localized areas of cell proliferation in the telencephalon of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and begin to explore whether mitotic activity in these areas is sensitive to environmental conditions. Using the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) cell birth-dating technique, we localized proliferating cells in the telencephalon to three distinct zones (proliferation zones 1a, 1b, and 2). We measured the volumes of these zones and showed that they grew at different rates relative to body size. We also found that variation in environmental rearing conditions altered the density of BrdU-labeled cells in proliferation zone 2, but not in zones 1a or 1b. However, this change in mitotic activity did not generate a difference in telencephalon size. These results suggest that environmental conditions, and associated changes in swimming activity or social structure, may influence rates of cell proliferation in the fish forebrain. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Chico, CA 95926 USA. RP Lema, SC (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sean.lema@noaa.gov RI Marchetti, Michael/E-9102-2011 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC03174] NR 56 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.06.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 956XC UT WOS:000231332400010 PM 15996883 ER PT J AU Flowers, JR Poore, MF Pote, LM Litaker, RW Levy, MG AF Flowers, JR Poore, MF Pote, LM Litaker, RW Levy, MG TI Cercariae of Bolbophorus damnificus and Bolbophorus sp with notes on North American bolbophorids SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digenea; Bolbophorus sp.; Bolbophorus damnificus; cercaria; marsh rams-horn snail; Planorbella trivolvis; Mississippi; USA ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; PELECANUS-ERYTHRORHYNCHOS; WHITE PELICAN; CONFUSUS; DIPLOSTOMIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MISSISSIPPI; TREMATODA; DIGENEA AB Single-species and dual infections of Bolbophorus damnificus and a second cryptic species of Bolbophorus were distinguished in marsh rams-horn snails, Planorbella trivolvis, from aquaculture ponds in Mississippi, U.S.A. The cercariae of both B. damnificus and Bolbophorus sp. are described and distinguished using differences in body length, tail stem length, intestinal primordia, and integument spine patterns. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Flowers, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM james_flowers@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1654/4173 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 968AJ UT WOS:000232132900014 ER PT J AU Escorza-Trevino, S Archer, FI Rosales, M Lang, AM Dizon, AE AF Escorza-Trevino, S Archer, FI Rosales, M Lang, AM Dizon, AE TI Genetic differentiation and intraspecific structure of Eastern Tropical Pacific spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata, revealed by DNA analyses SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; mtDNA; population structure; spotted dolphin; stocks ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SYMPATRIC MORPHOTYPES; STATISTICAL POWER; F-STATISTICS; MICROSATELLITE; GENUS; PATTERNS; TURSIOPS; OCEAN AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and microsatellite loci length polymorphisms were used to investigate genetic differentiation in spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and to examine the intraspecific structure of the coastal subspecies (Stenella attenuata graffmani). One-hundred and thirty-five animals from several coastal areas and 90 offshore animals were sequenced for 455 bp of the mitochondrial control region, resulting in 112 mtDNA haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses and the existence of shared haplotypes between the two subspecies suggest recent and/or current gene flow. Analyses using chi(2), F-ST (based on haplotype frequencies) and Phi(ST) values (based on frequencies and genetic distances between haplotypes) yielded statistically significant separation (randomized permutation values P < 0.05) among four different coastal populations and between all but one of these and the offshore subspecies (overall F-ST=0.0691). Ninety-one coastal animals from these four geographic populations and 50 offshore animals were genotyped for seven nuclear microsatellite loci. Analysis using F-ST values (based on allelic frequencies) yielded statistically significant separation between most coastal populations and offshore animals, although no coastal populations were distinguished. These results argue for the existence of some genetic isolation between offshore and inshore populations and among some inshore populations, suggesting that these should be treated as separate units for management purposes. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Escorza-Trevino, S (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. EM sescorz@calstatela.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9013-9 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 000FH UT WOS:000234445800009 ER PT J AU Smith, K Schlitz, R AF Smith, K Schlitz, R TI Structure and timing of recirculation around Georges Bank: an observational and modeling study at the Great South Channel: Part I - ensemble smoother SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ensemble smoother; Monte Carlo; non-linear data assimilation; coastal circulation; Great South Channel; Georges Bank ID DATA ASSIMILATION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; MEAN CIRCULATION AB An ensemble smoother is used to assimilate moored temperature, salinity, and velocity data into a local area primitive equation model. The overall goal of the analysis is to estimate variability of Georges Bank recirculation, i.e., northward flow through the Great South channel in support of the US Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) Georges Bank experiment. Here, identical twin experiments are carried out to test the ensemble smoother with a finite-element circulation model of the Great South Channel, based on a previous formulation designated QUODDY. The ensemble smoother utilizes a finite number of Monte Carlo model simulations to estimate model error covariance. The prior distribution from which the ensemble members are simulated is implicitly defined by the forward model by adding spatially correlated Gaussian random variables to the initial conditions, and time-dependent boundary elevations. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress) is derived from buoy measurements and is assumed to be known with certainty. The accuracy of the estimator depends on the state space variable being estimated and proximity to the data. In these twin experiments the domain-wide mean error variance of temperature, salinity, and velocity were reduced 96%, 93%, and 89%, respectively. The prediction statistics for the estimate are accurate throughout the domain. Non-linearity of the forward model and subsequent skewness of the posterior probability density function (pdf) are investigated. It is found that the posterior distribution is sufficiently Gaussian to use Gaussian confidence intervals. These results give confidence for using the numerical formulation and ensemble smoother to examine variability in circulation at Great South Channel with available data. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, PTSI, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Schlitz, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, PTSI, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM keston.smith@dartmouth.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1415 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.018 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 935MK UT WOS:000229786200007 ER PT J AU Munch, SB Snover, ML Watters, GM Mangel, M AF Munch, SB Snover, ML Watters, GM Mangel, M TI A unified treatment of top-down and bottom-up control of reproduction in populations SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE behaviour; bottom-up; competition; predation; recruitment; reproduction; top-down ID DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; FOREST; SEA; GROWTH; LAND; FISH; COD AB Generalizations describing how top-down and bottom-up processes jointly influence the production of offspring (recruitment) and the number of reproducing adults are lacking. This is a deficiency because (1) it is widely recognized that both top-down and bottom-up processes are common in ecosystems; and (2) the relationship between the number of individuals recruiting and number of reproductively active individuals present in that population is of fundamental importance in all branches of ecology. Here we derive a model to consider the joint effects of top-down and bottom-up forcing in any ecosystem. In general, during the lifetime of a cohort, bottom-up effects are likely to limit recruitment over longer periods of time than top-down effects. Top-down effects are likely to be most important early in the life history when potential recruits are small in size, and such effects will be more recognizable in small cohorts comprised of slowly growing individuals. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Envirionm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM msmangel@ucsc.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00766.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932UU UT WOS:000229580300003 ER PT J AU West, JJ Fiore, AM AF West, JJ Fiore, AM TI Management of tropospheric ozone by reducing methane emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; KYOTO PROTOCOL; AIR; STRATOSPHERE; POLLUTION; IMPACT; POLICY; SERIES AB Background concentrations of tropospheric ozone are increasing and are sensitive to methane emissions, yet methane mitigation is currently considered only for climate change. Methane control is shown here to be viable for ozone management. Identified global abatement measures can reduce similar to 10% of anthropogenic methane emissions at a cost-savings, decreasing surface ozone by 0.4-0.7 ppb. Methane controls produce ozone reductions that are widespread globally and are realized gradually (similar to 12 yr). In contrast, controls on nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) target high-ozone episodes in polluted regions and affect ozone rapidly but have a smaller climate benefit. A coarse estimate of the monetized global benefits of ozone reductions for agriculture, forestry, and human health (neglecting ozone mortality) justifies reducing similar to 17% of global anthropogenic methane emissions. If implemented, these controls would decrease ozone by similar to 1 ppb and radiative forcing by similar to 0.12 W m(-2). We also find that climate-motivated methane reductions have air quality-related ancillary benefits comparable to those for CO(2). Air quality planning should consider reducing methane emissions alongside NOx and NMVOCs, and because the benefits of methane controls are shared internationally, industrialized nations should consider emphasizing methane in the further development of climate change or ozone policies. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Amer Assoc Adv Sci Environm Fellow, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 411A Robertson Hall,Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jwest@princeton.edu RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4685 EP 4691 DI 10.1021/es048629f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500014 PM 16053064 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Zhang, GF Luke, WT Mcclenny, WA Stutz, J Fried, A AF Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Zhang, GF Luke, WT Mcclenny, WA Stutz, J Fried, A TI Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five US metropolitan areas: Nashville, Atlanta, Houston, Philadelphia, and Tampa SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; DIFFUSION SCRUBBER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; TENNESSEE OZONE; WAVE-GUIDE; PART 2 AB First, we briefly review the atmospheric chemistry and previous intercomparison measurements for HCHO, with special reference to the diffusion scrubber Hantzsch reaction based fluorescence instrument used in the field studies reported herein. Then we discuss summertime HCHO levels in five major U.S. cities measured over 1999-2002, primarily from ground-based measurements. Land-sea breeze circulations play a major role in observed concentrations in coastal cities. Very high HCHO peak mixing ratios were observed in Houston (> 47 ppb) where the overall median mixing ratio was 3.3 ppb; the corresponding values in Atlanta were similar to > 18 and 7.9 ppb, respectively. The peak and median mixing ratios (9.3 and 2.3 ppb) were the lowest for Tampa, where the land-sea breeze also played an important role. In several cities, replicate HCHO measurements were made by direct spectroscopic instruments; the instruments were located kilometers from each other and addressed very different heights (e.g., 106 vs 10 IT). Even under these conditions, there was remarkable qualitative and often quantitative agreement between the different instruments, when they were all sampling the same air mass within a short period of each other. Local chemistry dominates how HCHO is formed and dissipated. The high concentrations in Houston resulted from emissions near the ship channel; the same formaldehyde plume was measured at two sites and clearly ranged over tens of kilometers. Local micrometeorology is another factor. HCHO patterns measured at a high-rise site in downtown Nashville were very much in synchrony with other ground sites 12 km away until July 4 celebrations whence HCHO concentrations at the downtown site remained elevated for several days and nights. The formation and dissipation of HCHO in the different cities are discussed in terms of other concurrently measured species and meteorological vectors. The vertical profiles of HCHO in and around Tampa under several different atmospheric conditions are presented. The extensive data set represented in this paper underscores that urban HCHO measurements can now be made easily; the agreement between disparate instruments (that are independently calibrated or rely on the absolute absorption cross section) further indicates that such measurements can be done reliably and accurately for this very important atmospheric species. The data set presented here can be used as a benchmark for future measurements if the use of formaldehyde precursors such as methanol or methyl tert-butyl ether (IVITBE) as oxygenated fuel additives increases in the future. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Sandyd@ttu.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 76 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4767 EP 4783 DI 10.1021/es048327d PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500024 PM 16053074 ER PT J AU Kim, G Kim, SJ Harada, K Schultz, MK Burnett, WC AF Kim, G Kim, SJ Harada, K Schultz, MK Burnett, WC TI Enrichment of excess Po-210 in anoxic ponds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JELLYFISH LAKE; SARGASSO SEA; PB-210; SEDIMENTS; POLONIUM; SULFUR; PALAU; WATER; IRON; MANGANESE AB We have investigated the cycling of naturally occurring Po-210 in waters from seasonally anoxic Pond B (South Carolina) and permanently anoxic Jellyfish Lake (Palau Islands, western Pacific Ocean). The maximum Po-210 activity in Pond B was about 14 mBq L-1 during summer. This activity was much higher than its parent Pb-210 activity, indicating excess Po-210 inputs from bottom sediments. The summertime excess Po-210 activity was accompanied by increases in Fe and Mn, suggesting Po-210 diffusion from bottom sediments under reducing conditions. Activity of Po-210 was much lower under winter oxic conditions, most likely a consequence of efficient coprecipitation with Fe and Mn oxides that occurs with destruction of Pond B stratification. In permanently anoxic Jellyfish Lake, the maximum activity of Po-210 was 133 mBq L-1, among the highest reported from any surface aqueous environment. A box model suggests that the release of only 2% of Po-210, produced from the Pb-210 in the bottom sediments, would account for the observed excess. Our results suggest that Po-210 can be naturally enriched in anoxic environments to a high level, perhaps in concert with the Fe and Mn redox cycles. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Natl Inst Resources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioactiv Grp, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Environm Radioactiv Measurement Facil, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kim, G (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM gkim@snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Guebuem/B-3636-2014 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4894 EP 4899 DI 10.1021/es0482334 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500039 PM 16053089 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI Claflin, LW AF Hartwell, SI Claflin, LW TI Cluster analysis of contaminated sediment data: Nodal analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE contaminated sediment; sediment-quality triad; statistical analyses; Delaware Bay ID QUALITY TRIAD; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BENTHIC INDEX; GREAT-LAKES; TOXICITY; INTEGRITY; ASSESSMENTS; UNCERTAINTY; GUIDELINES; ECOSYSTEMS AB The objective of the present study was to explore the use of multivariate statistical methods as a means to discern relationships between contaminants and biological and/or toxicological effects in a representative data set from the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. Data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NS&T Program's Bioeffects Survey of Delaware Bay, USA, were examined using various univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis. Each approach identified consistent patterns and relationships between the three types of triad data. The analyses also identified factors that bias the interpretation of the data, primarily the presence of rare and unique species and the dependence of species distributions on physical parameters. Sites and species were clustered with the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages clustering with the Jaccard coefficient that clustered species and sites into mutually consistent groupings. Peat-son product moment correlation coefficients, normalized for salinity, also were clustered. The most informative analysis, termed nodal analysis, was the intersection of species cluster analysis with site cluster analysis. This technique produced a visual representation of species association patterns among site clusters. Site characteristics, Such as salinity and grain size, not contaminant concentrations, appeared to be the primary factors determining species distributions. This suggests the sediment-quality triad needs to use physical parameters as a distinct leg from chemical concentrations to improve sediment-quality assessments in large bodies of water. Because the Delaware Bay system has confounded gradients of contaminants and physical parameters, analyses were repeated with data from northern Chesapeake Bay, USA, with similar results. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 Highway,SSMC4,N-SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1816 EP 1834 DI 10.1897/04-282R.1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700030 PM 16050601 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Stunz, GW AF Levin, PS Stunz, GW TI Habitat triage for exploited fishes: Can we identify essential "Essential Fish Habitat?" SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE essential fish habitat; life cycle model; matrix model; sensitivity analysis; fish habitat; red drum; Galveston Bay ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; JUVENILE RED DRUM; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBTROPICAL SEAGRASS MEADOWS; ESTUARINE NURSERY HABITATS; GALVESTON BAY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SUBMERGED VEGETATION; PREDATORY FISH; WILD-CAUGHT AB There is little doubt that estuarine habitat is important for some exploited fish species, at some times, and in some places. However, it is also clear that we do not have enough resources to conserve or restore all estuarine habitat. Consequently, a simple, quantitative and transparent approach to prioritizing estuarine habitat management is required. Here, we present a general framework for identifying critical habitats of exploited fishes. Our approach requires three basic steps: (1) develop stage-structured models and identify sensitive life history stages; (2) determine what habitats, if any, are important to these stages, and (3) identify sites in which high densities of critical life stages occur in important habitat. We will illustrate the utility of this approach using red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Results of a simulation-based sensitivity analysis of a stage-structured matrix model show that most of the variability in population growth rate (lambda) of red drum is explained by larval and juvenile survival rates. Thus, this approach indicates that larval/juvenile red drum habitat should be given higher priority for conservation and/or restoration than habitats used by other life history stages. To illustrate the potential importance of juvenile habitat to red drum, we modeled the growth of a hypothetical red drum population using different population matrices as manifestations of varying habitat conditions. These numerical experiments revealed that restoration of both marsh and seagrass habitats would yield a ca. 24% increase in post-settlement survival and would result in a ca. 2% increase in lambda-an increase sufficient to stem a long-term population decline. Our results illustrate that protection of fish habitat depends not only on protecting sites where fish occur but also on protecting the ecological processes that allow populations to expand. Quantitative and synthetic analyses of ecological data are a first step in this direction. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.007 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 942QN UT WOS:000230297000007 ER PT J AU Bottom, DL Jones, KK Cornwell, TJ Gray, A Simenstad, CA AF Bottom, DL Jones, KK Cornwell, TJ Gray, A Simenstad, CA TI Patterns of Chinook salmon migration and residency in the Salmon River estuary (Oregon) SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; life history; salt marsh restoration; hatchery ID COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; TSHAWYTSCHA; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; HABITAT; FISH AB We examined variations in the juvenile life history of fall-spawning Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, for evidence of change in estuarine residency and migration patterns following the removal of dikes from 145 ha of former salt-marsh habitat in the Salmon River estuary (Oregon). Mark-recapture studies and abundance patterns in the estuary during 2000-2002 describe the following life-history types among Chinook salmon: (1) fry disperse throughout the estuary, and many move into restored tidal-marsh habitats in the early spring soon after emergence; (2) juveniles reside in freshwater for several months, enter the estuary in June or July, and remain for (a) a few weeks or (b) several months before entering the ocean; and (3) juveniles enter the ocean later in the fall after an extended period of rearing upriver and/or in the estuary. The absence of fry migrants in the estuary during spring and early summer in 1975-1977 - a period that precedes restoration of any of the diked marshes - and the extensive use of marsh habitats by fry and fingerlings April-July, 2000-2002 indicate that wetland restoration has increased estuarine rearing opportunities for juvenile Chinook salmon. Year-to-year patterns of estuarine rearing and abundance by juvenile salmon may be influenced by flood and drought conditions that affected adult spawner distribution and over-winter survival of salmon eggs. However, persistent changes in spawner distribution since 1975-1977, including the concentration of hatchery strays in the lower river, may account for the large proportion of fry that now disperse into the estuary soon after emergence in the spring. Although few of these earliest migrants survived to the river mouth, many fry and fingerlings from mid- and upper-basin spawning areas distributed throughout a greater portion of the estuary during the spring and summer and migrated to the ocean over a broader range of sizes and time periods than thirty years ago. The results suggest that wetland recovery has expanded life history variation in the Salmon River population by allowing greater expression of estuarine-resident behaviors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Conservat & Recovery Program, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Wetland Ecosyst Team, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bottom, DL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dan.bottom@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.008 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 942QN UT WOS:000230297000008 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Buckley, LJ Werner, FE Quinlan, JA Edwards, KP AF Lough, RG Buckley, LJ Werner, FE Quinlan, JA Edwards, KP TI A general biophysical model of larval cod (Gadus morhua) growth applied to populations on Georges Bank SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE cod; feeding; growth; larvae; metabolism; modeling ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; ATLANTIC COD; SCOTIAN SHELF; EARLY-LIFE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ENCOUNTER RATES; WESTERN-BANK; JUVENILE COD; PREY FIELD; FISH AB Field-derived growth rates (RNA-DNA based) of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae collected on the southern flank of Georges Bank were higher on average in May 1993 than May 1994, despite the apparent higher abundance of potential prey in 1994. A biophysical modeling study is presented here in which factors are examined that may have led to the difference in population mean growth. A one-dimensional physical model, forced by winds and tides, was used to simulate the vertical structure (of currents, temperature field, and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate) following a column of water in a Lagrangian sense at a site on the southern flank of Georges Bank over 5-day periods in late May of 1993 and 1994. The biophysical model and observed zooplankton abundance allowed us to explore the vertical structure and temporal (hourly) evolution of feeding and growth for cod larvae in relation to environmental conditions. Our trophodynamic model is improved over previous versions and now includes the effect of light on larval feeding response, as well as the effect of temperature on larval metabolic costs, ingestion, and digestion. Larval prey profiles, comprising four copepod species, were used from a time series of 1/4-m(2) MOCNESS tows to define the prey field. Data from a collateral time-series of larval gut contents (1-m(2) MOCNESS tows) was used to define maximum ingestion (satiation level) and prey selection. Model outputs provide depth-dependent estimates of growth, prey biomass ingested, larval length, and larval weight. Water-column growth-rate profiles were made for four size classes of larvae (5, 6, 7 and 9 mm) under the environmental conditions observed in May 1993 and 1994. A weighted-mean growth rate based on the mean vertical distribution of larvae was estimated for each size class. In all cases, when using all available potential prey, the model-derived 1994 growth rates were higher (by 3-6% day(-1)) than those for 1993. However, simulations in which 7-mm larvae followed the field-derived weighted mean depth over the sampling period, and were limited to their preferred Pseudocalanus prey, resulted in average growth of 12.2% day(-1) for 1993 and 9.7% day(-1) for 1994. These compared closely to the field growth means of 11.3% day(-1) in 1993 and 9.8% day(-1) in 1994. Thus, the lower observed growth in May 1994 may have resulted from depth-dependent food limitation and prey-selectivity coupled with the greater metabolic costs induced by the higher temperature that year. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, NOAA, CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gregory.lough@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 241 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00330.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 938LV UT WOS:000230005800001 ER PT J AU Yatsu, A Watanabe, T Ishida, M Sugisaki, H Jacobson, LD AF Yatsu, A Watanabe, T Ishida, M Sugisaki, H Jacobson, LD TI Environmental effects on recruitment and productivity of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with recommendations for management SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE chub mackerel; fishery management; Japanese sardine; productivity; regime shift ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; NORTH PACIFIC; DECADAL CHANGES; PELAGIC FISHES; REGIME SHIFTS; MINKE WHALES; MIXED-LAYER; TIME-SERIES; ANCHOVY AB We compared a wide range of environmental data with measures of recruitment and stock production for Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus to examine factors potentially responsible for fishery regimes (periods of high or low recruitment and productivity). Environmental factors fall into two groups based on principal component analyses. The first principal component group was determined by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index and was dominated by variables associated with the Southern Oscillation Index and Kuroshio Sverdrup transport. The second was led by the Arctic Oscillation and dominated by variables associated with Kuroshio geostrophic transport. Instantaneous surplus production rates (ISPR) and log recruitment residuals (LNRR) changed within several years of environmental regime shifts and then stabilized due, we hypothesize, to rapid changes in carrying capacity and relaxation of density dependent effects. Like ISPR, LNRR appears more useful than fluctuation in commercial catch data for identifying the onset of fishery regime shifts. The extended Ricker models indicate spawning stock biomass and sea surface temperatures (SST) affect recruitment of sardine while spawning stock biomass, SST and sardine biomass affect recruitment of chub mackerel. Environmental conditions were favorable for sardine during 1969-87 and unfavorable during 1951-67 and after 1988. There were apparent shifts from favorable to unfavorable conditions for chub mackerel during 1976-77 and 1985-88, and from unfavorable to favorable during 1969-70 and 1988-92. Environmental effects on recruitment and surplus production are important but fishing effects are also influential. For example, chub mackerel may have shifted into a new favorable fishery regime in 1992 if fishing mortality had been lower. We suggest that managers consider to shift fishing effort in response to the changing stock productivity, and protect strong year classes by which we may detect new favorable regimes. C1 Natl Res Inst Fishery Sci, Fisheries Res Agcy, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. Natl Res Inst Fishery Sci, Kochi Stn, Fisheries Res Agcy, Kochi 7808010, Japan. Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Fisheries Res Agcy, Shiogama 9850001, Japan. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Yatsu, A (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Fishery Sci, Fisheries Res Agcy, Kanazawa Ku, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. EM yatsua@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 46 TC 68 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00335.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 938LV UT WOS:000230005800002 ER PT J AU Fritz, LW Brown, ES AF Fritz, LW Brown, ES TI Survey- and fishery-derived estimates of Pacific cod (Godus macrocephalus) biomass: implications for strategies to reduce interactions between groundfish fisheries and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE FISHING EXPERIMENT; EASTERN BERING-SEA; DECLINE; ISLAND; STOCK AB Survey- and fishery-derived biomass estimates have indicated that the harvest indices for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) within a portion of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) critical habitat in February and March 2001 were five to 16 times greater than the annual rate for the entire Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands stock. A bottom trawl survey yielded a cod biomass estimate of 49,032 metric tons (t) for the entire area surveyed, of which less than half (23,329 t) was located within the area used primarily by the commercial fishery, which caught 11,631 t of Pacific cod. Leslie depletion analyses of fishery data yielded biomass estimates of approximately 14,500 t (95% confidence intervals of approximately 9,000-25,000 t), which are within the 95% confidence interval on the fished area survey estimate (12,846-33,812 t). These data indicate that Leslie analyses may be useful in estimating local fish biomass and harvest indices for certain marine fisheries that are well constrained spatially and relatively short in duration (weeks). In addition, fishery effects on prey availability within the time and space scales relevant to foraging sea lions may be much greater than the effects indicated by annual harvest rates estimated from stock assessments averaged across the range of the target species. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fritz, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Pt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM lowell.fritz@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 501 EP 515 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949JO UT WOS:000230781500003 ER PT J AU Greig, TW Moore, MK Woodley, CM AF Greig, TW Moore, MK Woodley, CM TI Mitochondrial gene sequences useful for species identification of western North Atlantic Ocean sharks SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; PHYLOGENY AB Molecular-based approaches for shark species identification have been driven largely by issues specific to the fishery. In an effort to establish a more comprehensive identification data set, we investigated DNA sequence variation of a 1.4-kb region from the mitochondrial genome covering partial sequences from the 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and the complete valine tRNA from 35 shark species from the Atlantic fishery. Generally, within-species variability was low in relation to interspecific divergence because species haloptypes formed monophyletic groups. Phylogenetic analyses resolved ordinal relationships among Carcharhiniformes and Lamniformes, and revealed support for the families Sphyrnidae and Triakidae (within Carcharhiniformes) and Lamnidae and Alopidae (within Lamniformes). The combination of limited intraspecific variability and sufficient between-species divergence indicates that this locus is suitable for species identification. C1 Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Environm, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Greig, TW (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Thomas.Greig@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 516 EP 523 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949JO UT WOS:000230781500004 ER PT J AU Hawkins, SL Heifetz, J Kondzela, CM Pohl, JE Wilmot, RL Katugin, ON Tuponogov, VN AF Hawkins, SL Heifetz, J Kondzela, CM Pohl, JE Wilmot, RL Katugin, ON Tuponogov, VN TI Genetic variation of rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) and shortraker rockfish (S-borealis) inferred from allozymes SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PATTERNS; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENUS; GULF; FISH AB Rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) and shortraker rockfish (Sebastes borealis) were collected from the Washington coast, the Gulf of Alaska, the southern Bering Sea, and the eastern Kamchatka coast of Russia (areas encompassing most of their geographic distribution) for population genetic analyses. Using starch gel electrophoresis, we analyzed 1027 rougheye rockfish and 615 shortraker rockfish for variation at 29 protein-coding loci. No genetic heterogeneity was found among shortraker rockfish throughout the sampled regions, although shortraker in the Aleutian Islands region, captured at deeper depths, were found to be significantly smaller in size than the shortraker caught in shallower waters from Southeast Alaska. Genetic analysis of the rougheye rockfish revealed two evolutionary lineages that exist in sympatry with little or no gene flow between them. When analyzed as two distinct species, neither lineage exhibited heterogeneity among regions. Sebastes aleutianus seems to inhabit waters throughout the Gulf of Alaska and more southern waters, whereas S. sp. cf. aleutianus inhabits waters throughout the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Asia. The distribution of the two rougheye rockfish lineages may be related to depth where they are sympatric. The paler color morph, S. aleutianus, is found more abundantly in shallower waters and the darker color morph, Sebastes sp. cf. aleutianus, inhabits deeper waters. Sebastes sp. cf. aleutianus, also exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of two parasites, N. robusta and T trituba, than did Sebastes aleutianus, in the 2001 samples, indicating a possible difference in habitat and (or) resource use between the two lineages. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. TINRO Ctr, Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. RP Hawkins, SL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Sharon.Hawkins@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 524 EP 535 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949JO UT WOS:000230781500005 ER PT J AU Fey, DP Martin, GEB Morris, JA Hare, JA AF Fey, DP Martin, GEB Morris, JA Hare, JA TI Effect of type of otolith and preparation technique on age estimation of larval and juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DAILY INCREMENT DEPOSITION; NORTH-CAROLINA; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; MARINE FISH; GROWTH; VALIDATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCIAENIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; PRECISION C1 Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Fey, DP (reprint author), Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, Ul Kollataja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. EM dfey@mir.gdynia.pl RI Fey, Dariusz/B-1962-2013 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 544 EP 552 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949JO UT WOS:000230781500007 ER PT J AU Piner, KR Haltuch, MA Wallace, JR AF Piner, KR Haltuch, MA Wallace, JR TI Preliminary use of oxygen stable isotopes and the 1983 El Nino to assess the accuracy of aging black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOMB RADIOCARBON CHRONOMETER; AGE VALIDATION; OTOLITHS; FISHES; COD C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Piner, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kevin.Piner@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949JO UT WOS:000230781500008 ER PT J AU Macneale, KH Peckarsky, BL Likens, GE AF Macneale, KH Peckarsky, BL Likens, GE TI Stable isotopes identify dispersal patterns of stonefly populations living along stream corridors SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; insect flight; mark recapture; N-15; Plecoptera ID ADULT AQUATIC INSECTS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; HEADWATER STREAMS; LATERAL DISPERSAL; RAIN-FOREST; PLECOPTERA; FLOW AB 1. Populations in different locations can exchange individuals depending on the distribution and connectivity of suitable habitat, and the dispersal capabilities and behaviour of the organisms. We used an isotopic tracer, N-15, to label stoneflies ( Leuctra ferruginea) to determine the extent of adult flight along stream corridors and between streams where their larvae live. 2. In four mass, mark- capture experiments we added (NH4Cl)-N-15 continuously for several weeks to label specific regions of streams within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, U. S. A. We collected adult stoneflies along the labelled streams ( up to 1.5 km of stream length), on transects through the forest away from labelled sections ( up to 500 m), and along an 800- m reach of adjacent tributary that flows into a labelled stream. 3. Of 966 individual adult stoneflies collected and analysed for N-15, 20% were labelled. Most labelled stoneflies were captured along stream corridors and had flown upstream a mean distance of 211 m; the net movement of the population ( upstream + downstream) estimated from the midpoint of the labelled sections was 126 m upstream. The furthest male and female travelled approximately 730 m and approximately 663 m upstream, respectively. We also captured labelled mature females along an unlabelled tributary and along a forest transect 500 m from the labelled stream, thus demonstrating crosswatershed dispersal. 4. We conclude that the adjacent forest was not a barrier to dispersal between catchments, and adult dispersal linked stonefly populations among streams across a landscape within one generation. Our data on the extent of adult dispersal provide a basis for a conceptual model identifying the boundaries of these populations, whose larvae are restricted to stream channels, and whose females must return to streams to oviposit. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Macneale, KH (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 66 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1117 EP 1130 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01387.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 937WV UT WOS:000229957800001 ER PT J AU Hinze, WJ Aiken, C Brozena, J Coakley, B Dater, D Flanagan, G Forsberg, R Hildenbrand, T Keller, GR Kellogg, J Kucks, R Li, X Mainville, A Morin, R Pilkington, M Plouff, D Ravat, D Roman, D Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J Veronneau, M Webring, M Winester, D AF Hinze, WJ Aiken, C Brozena, J Coakley, B Dater, D Flanagan, G Forsberg, R Hildenbrand, T Keller, GR Kellogg, J Kucks, R Li, X Mainville, A Morin, R Pilkington, M Plouff, D Ravat, D Roman, D Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J Veronneau, M Webring, M Winester, D TI New standards for reducing gravity data: The North American gravity database SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL BOUGUER REDUCTION; ERRORS AB The North American gravity database as well as databases from Canada, Mexico, and the United States are being revised to improve their coverage, versatility, and accuracy. An important part of this effort is revising procedures for calculating gravity anomalies, taking into account our enhanced computational power, improved terrain databases and datums, and increased interest in more accurately defining long-wavelength anomaly components. Users of the databases may note minor differences between previous and revised database values as a result of these procedures. Generally, the differences do not impact the interpretation of local anomalies but do improve regional anomaly studies. The most striking revision is the use of the internationally accepted terrestrial ellipsoid for the height datum of gravity stations rather than the conventionally used geoid or sea level. Principal facts of gravity observations and anomalies based on both revised and previous procedures together with germane metadata will be available on an interactive Web-based data system as well as from national agencies and data centers. The use of the revised procedures is encouraged for gravity data reduction because of the widespread use of the global positioning system in gravity fieldwork and the need for increased accuracy and precision of anomalies and consistency with North American and national databases. Anomalies based on the revised standards should be preceded by the adjective "ellipsoidal" to differentiate anomalies calculated using heights with respect to the ellipsoid from those based on conventional elevations referenced to the geoid. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, N Amer Grav Database Comm, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Univ Texas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hinze, WJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, N Amer Grav Database Comm, 30 Brook Hollow Lane, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM bima@insightbb.com RI Li, Xiaopeng/A-8468-2009; OI Ravat, Dhananjay/0000-0003-1962-4422 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 4 BP J25 EP J32 DI 10.1190/1.1988183 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 949TH UT WOS:000230810500016 ER PT J AU Belzer, B AF Belzer, B TI National Laboratory Accreditation Program - NIST SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, NVLAP, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S57 EP S58 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900156 ER PT J AU Minniti, RM AF Minniti, RM TI Technical aspects of the NIST proficiency tests during the accreditation process SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S44 EP S44 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900117 ER PT J AU Soares, CG Ingellis, F Ward, R Pagonis, V AF Soares, CG Ingellis, F Ward, R Pagonis, V TI Measurements of field size and angular dependence of absorbed dose rate in beta particle reference radiation fields with TLDs and radiochromic film SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. McDaniel Coll, Westminster, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900018 ER PT J AU Garello, R Romeiser, R Crout, RL AF Garello, R Romeiser, R Crout, RL TI Synthetic-aperture radar imaging of the ocean surface SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 GET ENST Bretagne, F-29238 Brest, France. Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Garello, R (reprint author), GET ENST Bretagne, F-29238 Brest, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 470 EP 471 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.857502 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PC UT WOS:000235420300001 ER PT J AU Li, XF Li, CY Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Friedman, KS AF Li, XF Li, CY Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Friedman, KS TI Synthetic aperture radar imaging of axial convergence fronts in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE convergence front; current; synthetic aperture radar; tides ID WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; OCEAN FRONTS; SURFACE; INTRUSION; SHALLOW; WAVES; MODEL AB Axial fronts of tidal currents are observed in Cook Inlet, AK, on a RADARSAT-1 standard mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image taken at 16:31:47 coordinated universal time (UTC) on July 12, 2002. The longest front appears as a 100-km-long quasi-linear bright feature in the SAR image. This front is characterized by an increase in the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of 7 dB in the C-band horizontal polarization (C-HH) RADARSAT-1 SAR image. Two other smaller fronts exist in the middle of the inlet. The NRCS modulations appear to be less, at about 5 dB. A diagnostic Cook Inlet tidal model is developed to calculate the current velocity fields of the inlet and to demonstrate that the variation in bottom friction caused by the bathymetry distribution generates axial convergence at different tidal stages. The model, using the actual bathymetry, is driven by predicted tides from six tidal stations along the inlet coast. The model results show that the tidal current flowed into the inlet at the time the SAR image was obtained. Tidal current along two transects in the inlet is extracted to show that there is a significant cross-channel convergence of the along-channel velocity component, with a magnitude of 4 to 6 x 10(-4) s(-1) near the observed front positions. In general, a higher velocity convergence from the model corresponds to higher NRCS return areas in this SAR image. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Louisiana State Univ, DOCS, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, WWBG, ERA-3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov; cli@lsu.edu RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.857510 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PC UT WOS:000235420300009 ER PT J AU Patil, L Dutta, D Sriram, R AF Patil, L Dutta, D Sriram, R TI Ontology-based exchange of product data semantics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CAD/CAM integration; ontologies; product data exchange; semantic interoperability ID SYSTEMS AB An increasing trend toward product development in a collaborative environment has resulted in the use of various software tools to enhance the product design. This requires a meaningful representation and exchange of product data semantics across different application domains. This paper proposes an ontology-based framework to enable such semantic interoperability. A standards-based approach is used to develop a Product Semantic Representation Language (PSRL). Formal description logic (DAML + OIL) is used to encode the PSRL. Mathematical logic and corresponding reasoning is used to determine semantic equivalences between an application ontology and the PSRL. The semantic equivalence matrix enables resolution of ambiguities created due to differences in syntaxes and meanings associated with terminologies in different application domains. Successful semantic interoperability will form the basis of seamless communication and thereby enable better integration of product development systems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Grad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patil, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lpatil@umich.edu; dutta@umich.edu; sriram@nist.gov NR 28 TC 86 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-5955 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1109/TASE.2005.849087 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 941MH UT WOS:000230218400001 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS Brederlow, R Costa, JC Cottrell, PE Huang, WM Immorlica, AA Mueller, JE Racanelli, M Shichijo, H Weitzel, CE Zhao, B AF Bennett, HS Brederlow, R Costa, JC Cottrell, PE Huang, WM Immorlica, AA Mueller, JE Racanelli, M Shichijo, H Weitzel, CE Zhao, B TI Device and technology evolution for Si-based RF integrated circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Review DE bipolar transistors; cellular phones; communication networks; field-effect transistors (FETs); figures of merit (FoMs); power amplifier (PA); RF CMOS; RF technologies; technology evolution; transceivers; wireless networks ID HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; HIGH-Q INDUCTORS; CMOS POWER-AMPLIFIER; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; SUBMICRON MOSFETS; IC APPLICATIONS; MIM CAPACITORS; GHZ F(T); DESIGN; PERFORMANCE AB The relationships between device feature size and device performance figures of merit (FoMs) are more complex for radio frequency (RF) applications than for digital applications. Using the devices in the key circuit blocks for typical RF transceivers, we review and give trends for the FoMs that characterize active and passive RF devices. These FoMs include transit frequency at unity current gain f(T), maximum frequency of oscillation f(MAX) at unit power gain, noise, breakdown voltage,.capacitor density, varactor and inductor quality, and the like. We use the specifications for wireless communications systems to show how different Si-based devices may achieve acceptable FoMs. We focus on Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), Si Bipolar CMOS, and Si bipolar devices, including SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors, RF devices, and integrated circuits (ICs). We analyze trends in the FoMs for Si-based RF devices and ICs and show how these trends relate to the technology nodes of the 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. We also compare FoMs for the best reported performance of research devices and for the performance of devices manufactured in high volumes, typically more than 10 000 devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Infineon Technol, D-80739 Munich, Germany. RF Micro Devices, Greensboro, NC 27409 USA. IBM Corp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. Freescale Semicond, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. Infineon Technol, D-81677 Munich, Germany. Jazz Semicond, Newport Beach, CA 92669 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. Skyworks Solut, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 163 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1235 EP 1258 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.850645 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 940DE UT WOS:000230123100002 ER PT J AU Smith, DF Gasiewski, AJ Jackson, DL Wick, GA AF Smith, DF Gasiewski, AJ Jackson, DL Wick, GA TI Spatial scales of tropical precipitation inferred from TRMM microwave imager data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE convection; correlation length; microwave; precipitation ID ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB The local spatial scales of tropical precipitating systems were studied using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) rain rate imagery from the TRMM satellite. Rain rates were determined from TMI data using the Goddard Profiling (GPROF) Version 5 algorithm. Following the analysis of Ricciardulli and Sardeshmukh (RS), who studied local spatial scales of tropical deep convection using global cloud imagery (GCI) data, active precipitating months were defined alternatively as those having greater than either 0.1 mm/h or I mm/h of rain for more than 5% of the time. Spatial autocorrelation values of rain rate were subsequently computed on a 55 x 55 km grid for convectively active months from 1998 to 2002. The results were fitted to an exponential correlation model using a nonlinear least squares routine to estimate a spatial correlation length at each grid cell. The mean spatial scale over land was 90.5 km and over oceans was 122.3 km for a threshold of 0.1 mm/h of rain with slightly higher values for a threshold of 1 mm/h of rain. An error analysis was performed which showed that the error in these determinations was of order 2% to 10%. The results of this study should be useful in the design of convective schemes for general circulation models and for precipitation error covariance models for use in numerical weather prediction and associated data assimilation schemes. The results of the TMI study also largely concur with those of RS, although the more direct relationship between the TMI data and rain rate relative to the GCI imagery provide more accurate correlation length estimates. The results also confirm the strong impact of land in producing short spatial scale convective rain. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM a.gasiewski@noaa.gov RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1542 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.848426 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 940MZ UT WOS:000230149900012 ER PT J AU Gasiewski, AJ Wiesbeck, W Younis, M AF Gasiewski, AJ Wiesbeck, W Younis, M TI Reply to comments on "Interference from 24-GHz automotive radars to passive microwave earth remote sensing satellites" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Hochfrequenztech & Elekt, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Gasiewski, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM al.gasiewski@noaa.gov; werner.wiesbeck@ihe.uka.de NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1692 EP 1693 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.846447 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 940MZ UT WOS:000230149900025 ER PT J AU Scholtz, JC Antonishek, B Young, JD AF Scholtz, JC Antonishek, B Young, JD TI Implementation of a situation awareness assessment tool for evaluation of human-robot interfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE evaluation; human-robot interaction (HRI); situation awareness (SA); supervisory user interface AB In this paper, we outline a methodology for evaluating the situation awareness (SA) provided by a supervisory interface for an autonomous on-road vehicle. Our goal is to be able to use the evaluations to compare interface designs with respect to how well each facilitates the users' acquisition of SA. We used Endsely's Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) (Endsely, 1988) and developed scenarios and assessment questions appropriate for supervisors of autonomous on-road driving vehicles. We describe the results of two experiments used to refine our SA assessment implementation. In a third experiment, we applied the refined implementation to a graphical user interface we developed to test the sensitivity of our SAGAT implementation. We discuss the results of this experiment and implications for applying the SAGAT methodology to supervisory user interfaces for autonomous vehicles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.scholtz@nist.gov; brian.antonishek@nist.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.850589 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 936OO UT WOS:000229865500003 ER PT J AU Ivanov, EN Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF Ivanov, EN Diddams, SA Hollberg, L TI Study of the excess noise associated with demodulation of ultra-short infrared pulses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER; MICROWAVE AB The demodulation of ultra-short light pulses with photodetectors is accompanied by excess phase noise at the pulse repetition rate and harmonics in the spectrum of the photocurrent. The major contribution to this noise is power fluctuations of the detected pulse train that, if not compensated for, can seriously limit the stability of frequency transfer from optical to microwave domain. By making use of an infrared femtosecond laser, we measured the spectral density of the excess phase noise, as well as power-to-phase conversion for different types of InGaAs photodetectors. Noise measurements were performed with a novel type of dual-channel readout system using a fiber coupled beam splitter. Strong suppression of the excess phase noise was observed in both channels of the measurement system when the average power of the femtosecond pulse train was stabilized. The results of this study are important for the development of low-noise microwave sources derived from optical "clocks" and optical frequency synthesis. C1 Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ivanov, EN (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM eugene@physics.uwa.edu.au RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1503992 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 954WV UT WOS:000231186900001 PM 16212245 ER PT J AU Baldocchi, DD Black, TA Curtis, PS Falge, E Fuentes, JD Granier, A Gu, L Knohl, A Pilegaard, K Schmid, HP Valentini, R Wilson, K Wofsy, S Xu, L Yamamoto, S AF Baldocchi, DD Black, TA Curtis, PS Falge, E Fuentes, JD Granier, A Gu, L Knohl, A Pilegaard, K Schmid, HP Valentini, R Wilson, K Wofsy, S Xu, L Yamamoto, S TI Predicting the onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a synthesis of FLUXNET data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenology; eddy covariance; CO2 exchange; canopy photosynthesis ID UNITED-STATES; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY FLUXES; LONG-TERM; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BEECH FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; CO2 FLUX AB We tested the hypothesis that the date of the onset of net carbon uptake by temperate deciduous forest canopies corresponds with the time when the mean daily soil temperature equals the mean annual air temperature. The hypothesis was tested using over 30 site-years of data from 12 field sites where CO2 exchange is being measured continuously with the eddy covariance method. The sites spanned the geographic range of Europe, North America and Asia and spanned a climate space of 16 degrees C in mean annual temperature. The tested phenology rule was robust and worked well over a 75 day range of the initiation of carbon uptake, starting as early as day 88 near Ione, California to as late as day 147 near Takayama, Japan. Overall, we observed that 64% of variance in the timing when net carbon uptake started was explained by the date when soil temperature matched the mean annual air temperature. We also observed a strong correlation between mean annual air temperature and the day that a deciduous forest starts to be a carbon sink. Consequently we are able to provide a simple phenological rule that can be implemented in regional carbon balance models and be assessed with soil and temperature outputs produced by climate and weather models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fac Agr Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. INRA, Champenoux, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. RISOE, Roskilde, Denmark. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, Viterbo, Italy. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baldocchi, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu RI Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Knohl, Alexander/F-9453-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Knohl, Alexander/0000-0002-7615-8870; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 NR 55 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 49 IS 6 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1007/s00484-005-0256-4 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 946GE UT WOS:000230559600004 PM 15688192 ER PT J AU Lin, X Hubbard, KG Baker, CB AF Lin, X Hubbard, KG Baker, CB TI Surface air temperature records biased by snow-covered surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface temperature; temperature bias; snow; measurement; temperature radiation shield; instrumental data ID NETWORK; SERIES AB The radiation shield bias of the maximum and minimum temperature system (MMTS) relative to the US Climate Reference Network (CRN) was investigated when the ground surface is snow covered. The goal of this study is to seek a debiasing model to remove temperature biases caused by the snow-covered surface between the MMTS and the US CRN. The side-by-side comparison of air temperature measurements was observed from four combinations of temperature sensor and temperature radiation shield in both MMTS and US CRN systems: (a) a standard MMTS system; (b) an MMTS sensor housed in the CRN shield; (c) a standard US CRN system; and (d) a CRN temperature sensor housed in the MMTS shield. The results indicate that the MMTS shield bias can be seriously elevated by the snow surface and the daytime MMTS shield bias can additively increase by about 1 degrees C when the surface is snow covered compared with a non-snow-covered surface. A non-linear regression model for the daytime MMTS shield bias was developed from the statistical analysis. During night-time, both the cooling bias and the warming bias of the MMTS shield existed with approximately equal frequencies of occurrence. However, the debiased night-time data based on the linear model developed in this study was less significant due to relatively smaller biases during night-time. The debiasing model could be used for the integration of the historical temperature data in the MMTS era and the current US CRN temperature data and it also could be useful for achieving a future homogeneous climate time series. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, 244 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM khubbard1@unl.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1236 DI 10.1002/joc.1184 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949ZI UT WOS:000230827000005 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Wu, RG Kinter, JL Yang, S AF Hu, ZZ Wu, RG Kinter, JL Yang, S TI Connection of summer rainfall variations in South and East Asia: Role of El Nino-southern oscillation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE South and East Asia; summer monsoon; ENSO; teleconnection patterns ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MONSOON-ENSO RELATIONSHIP; 500 HPA HEIGHT; INDIAN MONSOON; STATIONARY WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE; CHINA AB We have investigated the role of El Nino and the southern oscillation (ENSO) on the connection between summer rainfall variations in South and East Asia on interannual time scales by separating an Indian summer monsoon rainfall index into two parts: one part ENSO related and the other ENSO unrelated. The ENSO-related part is significantly positively (negatively) correlated with the rainfall variations in northern China (southern Japan). The ENSO-unrelated part has significant negative correlations with the rainfall variations in southwestern China. The occurrence of ENSO generally reinforces the connection between the South Asian summer monsoon and East Asian summer rainfall variations. The ENSO-related part affects East Asian summer rainfall variations through two meridional propagation teleconnection patterns: one over the East Asian continent and the other over the western Pacific Ocean. The ENSO-unrelated part connects with East Asian rainfall variations by a zonal propagation pattern over mid-latitudes in the Asian continent. Copyright (C) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), COLA, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM hu@cola.iges.org RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1002/joc.1159 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949ZI UT WOS:000230827000009 ER PT J AU Cidronali, A Loglio, G Jargon, J Manes, G AF Cidronali, A Loglio, G Jargon, J Manes, G TI Behavioral model for reducing the complexity of mixer analysis and design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE behavioral modeling; conversion matrix; subharmonic mixers; nonlinear circuit design ID ORDER REDUCTION; MICROWAVE; NOISE AB This article considers an approach for the behavioral modeling of the conversion mechanism in a nonlinear device suitable for the analysis of RF/microwave mixers. The core or the model consists of the conversion matrix of the nonlinear cell under investigation, which represents its linearization around the large-signal state. This approach allows for a straightforward implementation in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) using the conversion matrix constructed from either simulation or measurements, of which the latter is considered here. Model order is significantly reduced due to the absence of the local oscillator signal in the frequency analysis plan. The intermodulation products are calculated in relative amplitude and phase and allocated in the spectrum on the basis of the conversion matrix coefficients. We illustrate the technique by implementing this model in commercial CAD software, which allows an in-depth insight into file conversion mechanism and illustrates the application to the design of a suhharmonic mixer. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Florence, Dept Elect & Telecommun, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cidronali, A (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Elect & Telecommun, I-50139 Florence, Italy. EM alessandro.cidronali@unifi.it OI Cidronali, Alessandro/0000-0002-1064-7305 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1002/mmce.20092 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 934ET UT WOS:000229690400005 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Nguyen, T Oudina, M Martin, D Kidah, B Jasmin, J Rezig, A Sung, LP Byrd, E Martin, JW AF Gu, XH Nguyen, T Oudina, M Martin, D Kidah, B Jasmin, J Rezig, A Sung, LP Byrd, E Martin, JW TI Microstructure and morphology of amine-cured epoxy coatings before and after outdoor exposures - An AFM study SO JCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Societies-for-Coatings-Technology CY OCT 27-29, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Fed Soc Coatings Tech DE atomic force microscopy; surface analysis; epoxy resins; durability; physical properties; service life prediction; weatherability; surface chemistry ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; IR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE ENRICHMENT; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYMER SYSTEMS; MODE; RESINS; DEGRADATION; HETEROGENEITY; NETWORKS AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the morphology and microstructure of an amine-cured epoxy before and after outdoor exposure. Measurements were made from samples prepared in an essentially CO2-free, H2O-rree glove box and from samples prepared in ambient conditions. For those prepared in a CO2-free glove box, AFM imaging was conducted on (1) an unexposed air/coating surface, (2) air unexposed coating bulk, (3) an unexposed coating/substrate interface, and (4) a field exposed air/coating surface. For samples prepared in ambient conditions, only the unexposed air/coating surface was investigated. The same regions of the exposed samples were scanned periodically by the AFM to monitor changes in the surface morphology of the coating as UV exposure progressed. Small angle neutron scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were performed to verify the microstructure and to follow chemical changes during outdoor exposure, respectively. The results have shown that amine blushing, which occurs only under ambient conditions, had a significant effect on the surface morphology and microstructure of the epoxy. The surface morphology of the samples prepared under CO2-free, dry conditions was generally smooth and homogeneous. However, the interface and the bulk samples clearly revealed a two-phase structure consisting of bright nodular domains and dark interstitial regions, indicating an inhomogeneous microstructure. Such heterogeneous structure of the bulk was in good agreement with results obtained by small angle neutron scattering of unexposed samples and by AFM phase imaging of the degraded sample surface. The relationship between submicrometer physical changes and molecular chemical degradation is discussed. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 JCT RES JI JCT Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 547 EP 556 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 949QY UT WOS:000230804400006 ER PT J AU Alam, MA Green, ML AF Alam, MA Green, ML TI Comment on "Analysis of hydroxyl group controlled atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide from hafnium tetrachloride and water" [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 4777 (2004)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRIC LAYERS; THEORETICAL-MODEL; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; CYCLE AB In this comment we address issues raised by Puurunen in a paper comparing our model of atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth to Puurunen's. The main conclusion is that our models are fundamentally different. In our model, we employ two differential equations, describing the deposition of HfO2 per cycle, and the creation rate of new OH groups per cycle. These two equations enable us to explain all observed ALD growth behaviors related to the concentration of OH nucleation sites. Puurunen's model is essentially geometry based, and takes into account the concentration of nucleation sites, but contains no equation analogous to our second differential equation describing the evolution of OH groups from cycle to cycle. We then go on to address several specific points that Puurunen raised. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Green, ML (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM martin.green@nist.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 AR 016101 DI 10.1063/1.1943502 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 953FO UT WOS:000231062200122 ER PT J AU Bano, G Horvath, P Rozsa, K Gallagher, A AF Bano, G Horvath, P Rozsa, K Gallagher, A TI The role of higher silanes in silane-discharge particle growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION DISCHARGES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SILICON PARTICLES; PLASMA; FILMS; GENERATION AB A small concentration of stable higher silanes (HS) build up in an (initially) pure-silane discharge. Here it is shown that these HS cause a major increase in particle growth rates but have no effect on film growth rates. This explains the observed increase of growth rate during the first seconds of a transient discharge, as the HS build up toward a steady-state concentration of several percent. A rapid increase in particle versus film growth rate also occurs at larger values of discharge power and pressure, and the HS also appear to cause this. Possible reasons for this extreme sensitivity of particles, but not of films, to the HS are evaluated. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bano, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alang@jila.colorado.edu RI Bano, Gregor/S-4884-2016 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 AR 013304 DI 10.1063/1.1947895 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 953FO UT WOS:000231062200008 ER PT J AU Othon, CM Bateman, FB Ducharme, S AF Othon, CM Bateman, FB Ducharme, S TI Effects of electron irradiation on the ferroelectric properties of Langmuir-Blodgett copolymer films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) COPOLYMER; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; P(VDF-TRFE) COPOLYMERS; PHASE-TRANSITION; POLYMER-FILMS; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of irradiation on the ferroelectric properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films of the copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) was investigated using 1-MeV electrons for doses from 0.16 to 1.10 MGy, where I Gray (Gy) = 100 rad. Irradiation causes a systematic decrease in the phase-transition temperature, crystallinity, and spontaneous polarization of the films. The crystallinity and spontaneous polarization of the films decreased by amounts proportional to the dose, both tending toward zero near a dose of 1.30 MGy. The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase-transition temperature, however, was only reduced by about 12%, indicating that the primary effect of irradiation was to convert a crystalline ferroelectric material to a noncrystalline dielectric. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Othon, CM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM cothon1@bigred.unl.edu; sducharme1@unl.edu RI Othon, Christina /B-6685-2014; Ducharme, Stephen/A-1909-2009 OI Ducharme, Stephen/0000-0003-0936-7995 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 AR 014106 DI 10.1063/1.1954868 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 953FO UT WOS:000231062200084 ER PT J AU Ryan, TP Woodall, WH AF Ryan, TP Woodall, WH TI The most-cited statistical papers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE citations; history of statistics ID MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; INCOMPLETE DATA; KAPLAN-MEIER; TESTS; CONVERSATION; PROBABILITY; POPULATIONS; ALGORITHM; BOOTSTRAP; JOURNALS AB We attempt to identify the 25 most-cited statistical papers, providing some brief commentary on each paper on our list. This list consists, to a great extent, of papers that are on non-parametric methods, have applications in the life sciences, or deal with the multiple comparisons problem. We also list the most-cited papers published in 1993 or later. In contrast to the overall most-cited papers, these are predominately papers on Bayesian methods and wavelets. We briefly discuss some of the issues involved in the use of citation counts. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodall, WH (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bwoodall@vt.edu RI Woodall, William/A-8094-2009; Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 85 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1080/02664760500079373 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 944UQ UT WOS:000230456200002 ER PT J AU Mahrt, L Vickers, D Drennan, WM Graber, HC Crawford, TL AF Mahrt, L Vickers, D Drennan, WM Graber, HC Crawford, TL TI Displacement measurement errors from moving platforms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; AIRCRAFT; SYSTEMS; FLOW; SEA AB Errors in eddy correlation measurements from moving platforms (aircraft, ships, buoys, blimps, tethered balloons, and kites) include contamination of the measured fluctuations by superficial fluctuations associated with vertical movement of the platform in the presence of mean vertical gradients. Such errors occur even with perfect removal of the motion of the platform. These errors are investigated here from eddy correlation data collected from the LongEZ research aircraft and the air-sea interaction spar (ASIS) buoy during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX). C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmosp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Mahrt, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmosp Sci, 104 Ocean Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mahrt@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Drennan, William/0000-0003-1708-4311 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1175/JTECH1727.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500006 ER PT J AU Sun, J Burns, SP Vandemark, D Donelan, MA Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Herbers, THC Crescenti, GH French, JR AF Sun, J Burns, SP Vandemark, D Donelan, MA Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Herbers, THC Crescenti, GH French, JR TI Measurement of directional wave spectra using aircraft laser altimeters SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER SPECTRA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PART II; FLUX; TURBULENCE; FIELDS; PITCH AB A remote sensing method to measure directional oceanic surface waves by three laser altimeters on the NOAA LongEZ aircraft is investigated. To examine feasibility and sensitivity of the wavelet analysis method to various waves, aircraft motions, and aircraft flight directions relative to wave propagation directions, idealized surface waves are simulated from various idealized aircraft flights. In addition, the wavelet analysis method is also applied to two cases from field measurements, and the results are compared with traditional wave spectra from buoys. Since the wavelet analysis method relies on the "wave slopes" measured through phase differences between the time series of the laser distances between the aircraft and sea surface at spatially separated locations, the resolved directional wavenumber and wave propagation direction are not affected by aircraft motions if the resolved frequencies of the aircraft motion and the wave are not the same. However, the encounter wave frequency, which is directly resolved using the laser measurement from the moving aircraft, is affected by the Doppler shift due to aircraft motion relative to wave propagations. The wavelet analysis method could fail if the aircraft flies in the direction such that the aircraft speed along the wave propagation direction is the same as the wave phase speed (i.e., the aircraft flies along wave crests or troughs) or if two waves with different wavelengths and phase speed have the same encountered wavelength from the aircraft. In addition, the data noise due to laser measurement uncertainty or natural isotropic surface elevation perturbations can also affect the relative phase difference between the laser distance measurements, which in turn affects the accuracy of the resolved wavenumber and wave propagation direction. The smallest waves measured by the lasers depend on laser sampling rate and horizontal distances between the lasers (for the LongEZ this is 2 m). The resolved wave direction and wavenumber at the peak wave from the two field experiments compared well with on-site buoy observations. Overall, the study demonstrates that three spatially separated laser altimeters on moving platforms can be utilized to resolve two-dimensional wave spectra. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FLP Energy, Juno Beach, FL USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, POB 3000,3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jsun@ucar.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914 NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 869 EP 885 DI 10.1175/JTECH1729.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500007 ER PT J AU Kollias, P Clothiaux, EE Albrecht, BA Miller, MA Moran, KP Johnson, KL AF Kollias, P Clothiaux, EE Albrecht, BA Miller, MA Moran, KP Johnson, KL TI The atmospheric radiation measurement program cloud profiling radars: An evaluation of signal processing and sampling strategies SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FREQUENCY ESTIMATORS; OBJECTIVE DETERMINATION; DOPPLER SPECTRA; STRATUS CLOUDS; LIQUID WATER; STRATOCUMULUS; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; LEVEL AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) program operates millimeter-wavelength cloud radars (MMCRs) in several specific locations within different climatological regimes. These vertically pointing cloud profiling radars supply the three most important Doppler spectrum moment estimates, which are the radar reflectivity (or zero moment), the mean Doppler velocity (or first moment), and the Doppler spectrum width (or second moment), as a function of time and height. The ARM MMCR Doppler moment estimates form the basis of a number of algorithms for retrieving cloud microphysical and radiative properties. The retrieval algorithms are highly sensitive to the quality and accuracy of the MMCR Doppler moment estimates. The significance of these sensitivities should not be underestimated, because the inherent physical variability of clouds, instrument-induced noise, and sampling strategy limitations all potentially introduce errors into the Doppler moment estimates. In this article, the accuracies of the first three Doppler moment estimates from the ARM MMCRs are evaluated for a set of typical cloud conditions from the three DOE ARM program sites. Results of the analysis suggest that significant errors in the Doppler moment estimates are possible in the current configurations of the ARM MMCRs. In particular, weakly reflecting clouds with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), as well as turbulent clouds with nonzero updraft and downdraft velocities that are coupled with high SNR, are shown to produce degraded Doppler moment estimates in the current ARM MMCR operational mode processing strategies. Analysis of the Doppler moment estimates and MMCR receiver noise characteristics suggests that the introduction of a set of quality control criteria is necessary for identifying periods of degraded receiver performance that leads to larger uncertainties in the Doppler moment estimates. Moreover, the temporal sampling of the ARM MMCRs was found to be insufficient for representing the actual dynamical states in many types of clouds, especially boundary layer clouds. New digital signal processors (DSPs) are currently being developed for the ARM MMCRs. The findings presented in this study will be used in the design of a new set of operational strategies for the ARM MMCRs once they have been upgraded with the new DSPs. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Coral Gables, FL 33149 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kollias, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Coral Gables, FL 33149 USA. EM pkollias@rsmas.miami.edu NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 930 EP 948 DI 10.1175/JTECH1749.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500011 ER PT J AU Bianco, L Cimini, D Marzano, FS Ware, R AF Bianco, L Cimini, D Marzano, FS Ware, R TI Combining microwave radiometer and wind profiler radar measurements for high-resolution atmospheric humidity profiling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID; WATER-VAPOR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE; GRADIENTS; CONTAMINATION; TURBULENCE; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM AB A self-consistent remote sensing physical method to retrieve atmospheric humidity high-resolution profiles by synergetic use of a microwave radiometer profiler (N/lWRP) and wind profiler radar (WPR) is illustrated. The proposed technique is based on the processing of WPR data for estimating the potential refractivity gradient profiles and their optimal combination with MWRP estimates of potential temperature profiles in order to fully retrieve humidity gradient profiles. The combined algorithm makes use of recent developments in WPR signal processing, computing the zeroth-, first-, and second-order moments of WPR Doppler spectra via a fuzzy logic method, which provides quality control of radar data in the spectral domain. On the other hand, the application of neural network to brightness temperatures, measured by a multichannel MWRP, can provide continuous estimates of tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles. Performance of the combined algorithm in retrieving humidity profiles is compared with simultaneous in situ radiosonde observations (raob's). The empirical sets of WPR and MWRP data were collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Combined microwave radiometer and wind profiler measurements show encouraging results and significantly improve the spatial vertical resolution of atmospheric humidity profiles. Finally, some of the limitations found in the use of this technique and possible future improvements are also discussed. C1 Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis & Atmosfera, CETEMPS, Ctr Excellence, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bianco, L (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis & Atmosfera, CETEMPS, Ctr Excellence, Via Vetoio, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. EM Laura.Bianco@aquila.infn.it RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 949 EP 965 DI 10.1175/JTECH1771.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500012 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Gage, KS Clark, W Kucera, P AF Williams, CR Gage, KS Clark, W Kucera, P TI Monitoring the reflectivity calibration of a scanning radar using a profiling radar and a disdrometer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D; NEXRAD; SUPPORT; MOTION AB This paper describes a method of absolutely calibrating and routinely monitoring the reflectivity calibration from a scanning weather radar using a vertically profiling radar that has been absolutely calibrated using a collocated surface disdrometer. The three instruments have different temporal and spatial resolutions, and the concept of upscaling is used to relate the small resolution volume disdrometer observations with the large resolution volume scanning radar observations. This study uses observations collected from a surface disdrometer, two profiling radars, and the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scanning weather radar during the Texas-Florida Underflight-phase B (TEFLUN-B) ground validation field campaign held in central Florida during August and September 1998. The statistics from the 2062 matched profiling and scanning radar observations during this 2-month period indicate that the WSR-88D radar had a reflectivity 0.7 dBZ higher than the disdrometer-calibrated profiler, the standard deviation was 2.4 dBZ, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.1 dBZ. This study implies that although there is large variability between individual matched observations, the precision of a series of observations is good, allowing meaningful comparisons useful for calibration and monitoring. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Aeron Lab, Mail Stop R-AL 3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Christopher.R.Williams@noaa.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1018 DI 10.1175/JTECH1759.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500016 ER PT J AU Hubbard, KG Lin, X Baker, CB AF Hubbard, KG Lin, X Baker, CB TI On the USCRN temperature system SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 2004 a new aspirated surface air temperature system was officially deployed nationally in the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) commissioned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The primary goal of the USCRN is to provide future long-term and high-quality homogeneous observations of surface air temperature and precipitation that can be coupled to past long-term observations for the detection and attribution of present and future climate change. In this paper two precision air temperature systems are included for evaluating the new USCRN air temperature system based on a 1-yr side-by-side field comparison. The measurement errors of the USCRN temperature sensor are systematically analyzed, and the components of error attributable to the datalogger, lead wires, fixed resistors, and the temperature coefficient of the resistors are presented. Although the current configuration is adequate, a more desirable configuration of USCRN temperature sensor coupled with the datalogger is proposed as a means of further reducing the uncertainty for the USCRN temperature measurement. C1 Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hubbard, KG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 244 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM khubbard1@unl.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1101 DI 10.1175/JTECH1715.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500023 ER PT J AU Fyler, CA Reeder, TW Berta, A Antonelis, G Aguilar, A Androukaki, E AF Fyler, CA Reeder, TW Berta, A Antonelis, G Aguilar, A Androukaki, E TI Historical biogeography and phylogeny of monachine seals (Pinnipedia : Phocidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE historical biogeography; mixed model; molecular divergence estimates; Monachinae; nonparametric rate smoothing; partitioned Bayesian inference; phylogeny; Pinnipedia; seal biogeography ID BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; MONK SEAL; LIKELIHOOD; EVOLUTION; TREES; SUBSTITUTION; INFORMATION; CONFIDENCE; PARSIMONY; SEQUENCES AB Aim To determine the origin and diversification of monachine seals using a phylogenetic framework. Methods Molecular sequence data from three mitochondrial genes (cyt b, ND1 and 12S), and one nuclear marker (an intron from the alpha-lactalbumin gene) were examined from all extant species of monachine seals. Maximum likelihood and partitioned Bayesian inference were used to analyse separate and combined (mitochondrial + nuclear) data sets. Divergence times were estimated from the resultant phylogeny using nonparametric rate smoothing as implemented by the program r8s. Results Mirounga, Monachus and the Lobodontini form three well-supported clades within a monophyletic Monachinae. Lobodontini + Mirounga form a clade sister to Monachus. Molecular divergence dates indicate that the first split within the Monachinae (Lobodontini + Mirounga clade and Monachus) occurred between 11.8 and 13.8 Ma and Mirounga, Monachus and the Lobodontini originated 2.7-3.4, 9.1-10.8 and 10.0-11.6 Ma, respectively. Main conclusions Two main clades exist within Monachinae, Monachus and Lobodontini + Mirounga. Monachus, a warm water clade, originated in the North Atlantic and maintained the temperate water affinities of their ancestors as they diversified in the subtropic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The cold-water clade, Lobodontini + Mirounga, dispersed southward to the cooler climates of the Southern Hemisphere. The Lobodontini continued south until reaching the Antarctic region where they diversified into the present-day fauna. Mirounga shows an anti-tropical distribution either reflective of a once cosmopolitan range that was separated by warming waters in the tropics or of transequatorial dispersal. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, Barcelona, Spain. MOm Hellen Soc Study & Protect Monk Seal, Athens, Greece. RP Fyler, CA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 N Eagleville Rd U-3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM caroline.fyler@uconn.edu RI Aguilar, Alex/L-1283-2014 OI Aguilar, Alex/0000-0002-5751-2512 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1267 EP 1279 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01281.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 934JU UT WOS:000229705900013 ER PT J AU Collette, BB AF Collette, BB TI Is the east-west division of haplotypes of the three-spot seahorse along Wallace's Line novel among marine organisms? SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM collettb@si.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1286 EP 1286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01277.x PG 1 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 934JU UT WOS:000229705900016 ER PT J AU Archer, DG Widegren, JA Kirklin, DR Magee, JW AF Archer, DG Widegren, JA Kirklin, DR Magee, JW TI Enthalpy of solution of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in water and in aqueous sodium fluoride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; PLUS WATER; 298.15 K; DILUTION; BROMIDE; 50-DEGREES-C; DECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM; 225-DEGREES-C AB An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure the enthalpy of solution of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (0.0035 mol(.)kg(-1) to 0.02 mol(.)kg(-1)) in water and in aqueous sodium fluoride of different ionic strengths (0.1 mol(.)kg(-1) to 0.43 mol(.)kg(-1)) at nominal temperatures of 298 K, 306 K, and 313 K. Two additional measurements of the enthalpy of solution of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (0.013 mol(.)kg(-1)) in water at 298 K are also reported. The present results lead to the standard-state changes of enthalpy and heat capacity for the solution process. The contribution of a methylene group to the enthalpy of solution of these ionic liquids was determined from the measurements and is shown to be in agreement with the value obtained from other classes of organic compounds. The enthalpy of solution increment for the methylene group is used to calculate the enthalpy of solution of the series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates. Calculated standard-state heat capacity values for the aqueous solution process and the aqueous solute are also given. Potential micelle formation of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in water was examined. C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.archer@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1484 EP 1491 DI 10.1021/je050136i PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 946LJ UT WOS:000230573400067 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, V Yan, XJ Dong, Q Muzny, C AF Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, V Yan, XJ Dong, Q Muzny, C TI ThermoData engine (TDE): Software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; XML-BASED APPROACH; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; MULTIPARAMETER CORRELATION; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; DATA COMPILATIONS; GROUP ADDITIVITY; HEAT-CAPACITIES AB The first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept {ThermoData Engine (TDE)} is described for thermophysical property data. This concept requires the development of large electronic databases capable of storing essentially all experimental data known to date with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties. The combination of these electronic databases with expert-system software, designed to automatically generate recommended data based on available experimental data, leads to the ability to produce critically evaluated data dynamically or 'to order'. Six major design tasks are described with emphasis on the software architecture for automated critical evaluation including dynamic selection and application of prediction methods and enforcement of thermodynamic consistency. The direction of future enhancements is discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 52 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 816 EP 838 DI 10.1021/ci0500067b PG 23 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 950NO UT WOS:000230864300002 PM 16045275 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Goldberg, RN AF Tewari, YB Goldberg, RN TI Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reactions of nitriles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ammonia; apparent equilibrium constant; benzeneacetic acid; benzoic acid; benzonitrile; benzylcyanide; enthalpy; entropy; Gibbs free energy; indole-3-acetic acid; 3-indoleacetonitrile; alpha-methylbenzeneacetic acid; alpha-methylbenzyl cyanide; 4-phenylbutyonitrile; 4-phenylbutyric acid; 3-phenylpropanoic acid; 3-phenylpropionitrile ID BENZOIC-ACID; EQUILIBRIUM; COMBUSTION; SYSTEM; WATER AB Microcalorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c) have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of the following nitrilase catalyzed reactions: (1) benzonitrile(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = benzoic acid(aq) + ammonia(aq), (2) benzylcyanide(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = benzeneacetic acid(aq) + ammonia(aq), (3) 3-phenylpropionitrile(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = 3-phenylpropanoic acid(aq) + ammonia(aq), (4) 4-phenylbutyonitrile(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = 4-phenylbutyric acid(aq) + ammonia(aq), (5) alpha-methylbenzyl cyanide(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = alpha-methylbenzene acetic acid(aq) + ammonia(aq), and (6) 3-indoleacetonitrile(aq) + 2H(2)O(1) = indole-3-acetic acid(aq) + ammonia(aq). The equilibrium measurements showed that these reactions proceeded to completion. Thus, it was possible to set only lower limits for the values of the apparent equilibrium constants K'. However, it was possible to obtain precise values of the calorimetrically determined molar enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H(m)(cal). These values were then used in conjunction with an equilibrium model to calculate values of the standard molar enthalpies for chemical reference reactions that correspond to the above overall biochemical reactions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), NIST, Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; robert.goldberg@nist.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 7 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.11.011 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 939IL UT WOS:000230065900011 ER PT J AU Francis, JA Hunter, E Zou, CZ AF Francis, JA Hunter, E Zou, CZ TI Arctic tropospheric winds derived from TOVS satellite retrievals SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; DATASET; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; REANALYSIS; SOUNDINGS; LATITUDE; OCEAN AB Accurate three-dimensional wind fields are essential for diagnosing a variety of important climate processes in the Arctic, such as the advection and deposition of heat and moisture, changes in circulation features, and transport of trace constituents. In light of recent studies revealing significant biases in upper-level winds over the Arctic Ocean from reanalyses, new daily wind fields are generated from 22.5 yr of satellite-retrieved thermal-wind profiles, corrected with a recently developed mass-conservation scheme. Compared to wind measurements from rawinsondes during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment, biases in satellite-retrieved winds are near zero in the meridional direction, versus biases of over 50% for reanalyses. Errors in the zonal component are smaller than those observed in reanalysis winds in the upper troposphere, while in the lower troposphere the effects of Greenland introduce uncertainty in the mass-conservation calculation. Further reduction in error may be achieved by incorporating winds retrieved from feature-tracking techniques using satellite imagers. Overall, satellite-retrieved winds are superior to reanalysis products over the data-sparse Arctic Ocean and provide increased accuracy for analyses requiring wind information. Trends and anomalies for the 22.5-yr record are calculated for both meridional and zonal winds at eight levels between the surface and 300 hPa. Annual mean trends are similar at varying levels, reflecting the relatively barotropic nature of the Arctic troposphere. Zonal winds are more westerly over Eurasia and the western Arctic Ocean, while westerlies have weakened over northern Canada. Combined with the corresponding pattern in meridional winds, these results suggest that the polar vortex has, on average, shifted toward northern Canada. Seasonal trends show that some changes persist throughout the year while others vary in magnitude and sign. Most striking are spring patterns, which differ markedly from the other seasons. Changes in meridional winds are consistent with observed trends in melt-onset date and sea ice concentration in the marginal seas. Anomalies in zonal wind profiles exhibit decadal-scale cyclicity in the eastern Arctic Ocean, while overall shifts in anomaly signs are evident and vary by region. The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index correlates moderately with meridional wind anomalies in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean: positively (0.48) in the Barents Sea and negatively (-0.59) in the Lincoln Sea. These observed trends and anomalies are expected to translate to changes in advected heat and moisture into the Arctic basin, which are likely linked to trends in sea ice extent, melt onset, cloud properties, and surface temperature. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM francis@imcs.rutgers.edu RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 13 BP 2270 EP 2285 DI 10.1175/JCLI3407.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950XN UT WOS:000230892100008 ER PT J AU Kidner, NJ Homrighaus, ZJ Ingram, BJ Mason, TO Garboczi, EJ AF Kidner, NJ Homrighaus, ZJ Ingram, BJ Mason, TO Garboczi, EJ TI Impedance/dielectric spectroscopy of electroceramics - Part 1: Evaluation of composite models for polycrystalline ceramics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE impedance; dielectric; effective medium; brick layer model; nested cube model ID IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; IMPEDANCE AB In the microcrystaltine regime, the electrical (impedance/dielectric) behavior of grain boundary-controlled electroceramics is well described by the "brick-layer model" (BLM). In the nanocrystalline regime, however, grain boundary layers can represent a significant volume fraction of the overall microstructure. Simple boundary-layer models no longer adequately describe the electrical properties of nanocrystalline ceramics. The present work describes the development of a pixel-based finite-difference approach to treat a "nested-cube model" (NCM), which is used to investigate the validity of existing models for describing the electrical propel-ties of polycrystalline ceramics over the entire range of grain core vs. grain boundary volume fractions, from the nanocrystalline regime to the microcrystalline regime. The NCM is shown to agree closely with the Maxwell-Wagner effective medium theory. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kidner, NJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10832-005-0969-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 935KK UT WOS:000229781000014 ER PT J AU Kidner, NJ Homrighaus, ZJ Ingram, BJ Mason, TO Garboczi, EJ AF Kidner, NJ Homrighaus, ZJ Ingram, BJ Mason, TO Garboczi, EJ TI Impedance/dielectric spectroscopy of electroceramics - Part 2: Grain shape effects and local properties of polycrystalline ceramics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE impedance; dielectric; effective medium; brick layer model; nested cube model ID CONDUCTIVITY; BOUNDARIES; IMPEDANCE AB The reduction of grain size from the microcrystalline regime into the nanocrystalline regime is known to produce significant changes in the transport properties of polycrystalline ceramics. Part 1 of this series [1] described the development of a pixel-based finite-difference "nested-cube model" (NCM), which was used to evaluate existing composite models for the electrical/dielectric properties of polycrystalline ceramics over the entire range of grain core vs. grain boundary volume fractions, from the nanocrystalline regime to the microcrystalline regime. Part 2 addresses grain shape and periodicity effects in such composite modeling, and the extraction of local materials properties (conductivity, dielectric constant) from experimental impedance/dielectric spectroscopy data. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kidner, NJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s10832-005-0968-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 935KK UT WOS:000229781000015 ER PT J AU Stevens, BG Swiney, KM AF Stevens, BG Swiney, KM TI Post-settlement effects of habitat type and predator size on cannibalism of glaucothoe and juveniles of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cannibalism; habitat; king crab; larvae; predation; settlement ID CANCER-MAGISTER; BLUE CRABS; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR; METAMORPHOSIS; PRESETTLEMENT; DETERMINANTS; POPULATIONS AB Postlarval (glaucothoe) and juvenile (first crab stage, Cl) red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus actively select structurally complex substrata for settlement. Such habitats may provide them with shelter from predation during critical early stages. We tested this hypothesis by placing glaucothoe and juvenile crab in aquaria with or without natural or artificial habitats, and with or without predators (1-3-year-old red king crab) of two different sizes. Predators caused increased mortality of glaucothoe, but predator size, habitat presence and habitat type had no effect on survival. Predators caused significant mortality of C I crabs in the absence of habitat, and mortality was inversely related to predator size. Density of glaucothoe on habitats was similar with or without predators, but density of C1 crab on habitats was higher than that of glaucothoe, and increased in the presence of large predators. Active selection for complex substrata by settling glaucothoe does not reduce cannibalism, but may pre-position them for improved survival after metamorphosis. In contrast, juvenile crabs modify their behavior to achieve higher densities in refuge habitats, which tends to dampen the effect of predation. These survival strategies may have evolved to compensate for the greater risk of predation in open habitats. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM bradley.g.stevens@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 321 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.12.026 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 941KO UT WOS:000230213900001 ER PT J AU Butler, JM Decker, AE Kline, MC Vallone, PM AF Butler, JM Decker, AE Kline, MC Vallone, PM TI Chromosomal duplications along the Y-chromosome and their potential impact on Y-STR interpretation SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; DNA typing; Y-chromosome; short tandem repeat; DNA mixtures; DNA interpretation ID ALLELE FREQUENCIES; POPULATION GROUPS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; LOCI; HAPLOTYPES; MULTIPLEX; MUTATIONS; GENETICS; REGIONS; DYS19 AB Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers are being used as potential tools for distinguishing low levels of male DNA in the presence of excess female DNA as is present in many sexual assault samples. Usually single copy Y-STR loci produce a single amplicon in single source samples, and thus the observation of multiple peaks at such a locus could suggest to an analyst that a mixture of more than one male contributor is present in the tested sample. However, many regions of the Y-chromosome are duplicated or even triplicated in some individuals and this fact can thus complicate potential mixture interpretation. Reasons for the presence of duplications at multiple loci within a single sample are explored in the context of Y-STR marker location along the chromosome. True male-male mixtures commonly exhibit more than one locus-specific PCR product across multiple Y-STR loci that are not adjacent to one another on the Y-chromosome. In addition, duplicated loci typically possess alleles that differ by only a single repeat unit and possess similar peak heights. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.butler@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 853 EP 859 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 939GY UT WOS:000230061800015 PM 16078487 ER PT J AU Butler, JM Schoske, R AF Butler, JM Schoske, R TI US population data for the multi-copy Y-STR locus DYS464 SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Forensic-Genetics CY SEP 09-13, 2003 CL Arcachon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Forens Genet DE forensic science; DNA profiling; short tandem repeats; DNA typing; STR; Y-chromosome; Y-STR; DYS464; multi-copy markers; population genetics ID FORENSIC VALUE; CHROMOSOME; REGIONS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.butler@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 975 EP 977 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 939GY UT WOS:000230061800047 PM 16078519 ER PT J AU Ray, J Altamimi, Z AF Ray, J Altamimi, Z TI Evaluation of co-location ties relating the VLBI and GPS reference frames SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF); GPS; VLBI; co-location sites; local ties ID BASE-LINE VECTOR AB We have compared the VLBI and GPS terrestrial reference frames, realized using 5 years of time-series observations of station positions and polar motion, with surveyed co-location tie vectors for 25 sites. The goal was to assess the overall quality of the ties and to determine whether a subset of co-location sites might be found with VLBI-GPS ties that are self-consistent within a few millimeters. Our procedure was designed to guard against internal distortion of the two space-geodetic networks and takes advantage of the reduction in tie information needed with the time-series combination method by using the very strong contribution due to co-location of the daily pole of rotation. The general quality of the available ties is somewhat discouraging in that most have residuals, compared to the space-geodetic frames, at the level of 1-2 cm. However, by a careful selection process, we have identified a subset of nine local VLBI-GPS ties that are consistent with each other and with space geodesy to better than 4 mm (RMS) in each component. While certainly promising, it is not possible to confidently assess the reliability of this particular subset without new information to verify the absolute accuracy of at least a few of the highest-quality ties. Particular care must be taken to demonstrate that possible systematic errors within the VLBI and GPS systems have been properly accounted for. A minimum of two (preferably three or four) ties must be measured with accuracies of 1 mm or better in each component, including any potential systematic effects. If this can be done, then the VLBI and GPS frames can be globally aligned to less than 1 mm in each Helmert component using our subset of nine ties. In any case, the X and Y rotations are better determined, to about 0.5 mm, due to the contribution of co-located polar motion. C1 Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Geog Natl, Ecole Natl Sci Geog, F-77455 Paris, France. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov; altamimi@ensg.ign.fr RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 4-5 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00190-005-0456-z PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 948RA UT WOS:000230732200002 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Thomas, SR Macken, CL Chapman, RE Tucker, RL Kim, I AF Lee, SH Thomas, SR Macken, CL Chapman, RE Tucker, RL Kim, I TI Economic value of combined best practice use SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper measures the value of best practices based on data taken from the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics database. A three-step process provides the basis for Measuring the potential benefits of increased best practice use. First, a practice use index is derived to model the way in which best practices are utilized oil actual projects, The index combines data from eight best practices to create a single measure of practice utilization. Second, a project performance index, combining cost, in schedule metrics, is derived as an indicator of overall project performance. Third, the practice use index is correlated with cost, schedule. and overall project performance metrics. Both owners and contractors benefit from increased practice use. Potential cost savings for owners range from $1.7 to $3.4 million, depending on industry group and project size. Potential cost savings for contractors are higher, averaging $7.2 million for the typical $88 million heavy industrial project. Benefits from schedule reductions ire most apparent for owners. On large building projects, schedule reductions for owners average 27 weeks. Finally, improvements in overall project performance oil the order of 30% are observed for both owners and contractors. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2005)21:3(118) PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 942XP UT WOS:000230316500004 ER PT J AU Dong, CM Oey, LY AF Dong, CM Oey, LY TI Sensitivity of coastal currents near point conception to forcing by three different winds: ECMWF, COAMPS, and blended SSM/I-ECMWF-buoy winds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; NEAR-SURFACE CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION MODEL; CHARACTERISTIC PATTERNS; FLOW; STRESS AB Previous observational and modeling studies have indicated the importance of finescale winds in determining the circulation near Point Conception in the Santa Maria Basin (SMB) and the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), California. There has not been a systematic attempt, however. to analyze and quantity the sensitivity of tire near-surface circulation to different wind data. Here, a regional circulation model of the SMB and SBC is driven Using three wind datasets: tire European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF: approximate to 110 km x 110 km horizontal grid), the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS- 9 km x 9 km horizontal grid), and a blended wind product that combines Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), ECMWF, and buoy and coastal wind data and that is referred to as SEB. A springtime period (March-May 1999) in which equatorward wind dominates and wind stress curls are strong is chosen for the study. Two groups of experiments are conducted: with and without assimilating moored temperature observations. The focus is on long time scales of greater than weeks and on mean currents. Comparisons between these experiments and between model and observation show that the circulation driven by the ECMWF wind is much weaker than that by the other two winds. On the other hand, the SEB dataset shows locally intensified wind stress curls behind capes and coastal bends, whereas these wind stress curls are weak in COAMPS. It is found that these small-scale variations in the wind field force alongshore inhomogeneous pressure gradients that in turn can significantly affect the near-coast currents. The result is that modeled currents forced by SEB agree better with observations than do those produced by COAMPS. Empirical orthogonal function analyses were conducted on the near-surface currents. sea level. wind, and wind stress curl. The mode-1 current (approximate to 40%) is unidirectional (i.e., generally equatorward or poleward) and correlates well with the mode-1 wind (approximate to 90'%). The mode-2 current (approximate to 20%) is cyclonic in the SBC and poleward inshore and equatorward offshore in the SMB; it correlates well with mode-1 sea level (approximate to 70%), which suggests that mode-2 currents are driven by the pressure gradient. It is significant that neither mode-2 current nor mode-1 sea level correlates well with mode-1 wind stress curl (approximate to 70%): rather, they correlate well with the time integral of the mode-1 wind stress curl. These conclusions support a previous theoretical idea that cyclonic circulation in the SBC and the inshore Currents of the SMB are both driven by alongshore pressure setup induced by the time integral of the wind stress curl, rather than by the wind stress curl itself. This idea of a pressure setup is consistent with the differences found between the currents driven by COAMPS and SEB winds. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1229 EP 1244 DI 10.1175/JPO2751.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 953FM UT WOS:000231062000005 ER PT J AU Mellor, G AF Mellor, G TI Comments on "Oscillatory bottom boundary layers" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, POB CN710,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM glm@splash.princeton.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1301 EP 1301 DI 10.1175/JPO2746.1 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 953FM UT WOS:000231062000011 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Ahrenholz, DW Haas, LW AF Friedland, KD Ahrenholz, DW Haas, LW TI Viable gut passage of cyanobacteria through the filter-feeding fish Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; GRAZING RATES; EUTROPHICATION; CLUPEIDAE; PISCES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PLANKTON; ESTUARY; SILICON; BLOOMS AB We examined the contents of the alimentary tract of juvenile Atlantic menhaden, an obligate filter-feeding fish, with epifluoresence microscopy. All plankton taxa and detrital material observed in plankton samples from the sampling area could also be found in the esophagus of the fish. The corresponding plankton taxa were absent from the pre-feces sampled in the hindgut with the exception of cyanobacteria, which were found intact and fluorescing as they do in nature. The survival of cyanobacteria during gut passage and their presence in menhaden feces may enhance both nutrient availability and the delivery of these cells to the benthos. Additionally, diatoms frustules were found in the pre-feces, which may affect the sequestration of biogenic silica. These results may have bearing on the formation of cyanobacteria blooms, nutrient flow in estuaries and the delivery of material to the sediment. C1 Univ Massachusetts, UMASS NOAA Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, UMASS NOAA Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Blaisdell House, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 7 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbi036 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 961WA UT WOS:000231691300009 ER PT J AU Wietfeldt, FE Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Nico, JS Fei, X Snow, WM Greene, GL Pauwels, J Eykens, R Lamberty, A Van Gestel, J AF Wietfeldt, FE Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Nico, JS Fei, X Snow, WM Greene, GL Pauwels, J Eykens, R Lamberty, A Van Gestel, J TI Measurement of the neutron lifetime by counting trapped protons SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE neutron lifetime; trapped protons ID (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; STORING ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS; B-10 AB We measured the neutron decay lifetime by counting in-beam neutron decay recoil protons trapped in a quasi-Penning trap. The absolute neutron beam fluence was measured by capture in a thin (LiF)-Li-6 foil detector with known efficiency. The combination of these measurements gives the neutron lifetime: tau(n)=(886.8 +/- 1.2 +/- 3.2) s, where the first (second) uncertainty is statistical (systematic) in nature. This is the most precise neutron lifetime determination to date using an in-beam method. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Wietfeldt, FE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM msdewey@nist.gov; david.gilliam@nist.gov; jnico@nist.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900004 PM 27308145 ER PT J AU Dzhosyuk, SN Copete, A Doyle, JM Yang, L Coakley, KJ Golub, R Korobkina, E Kreft, T Lamoreaux, SK Thompson, AK Yang, GL Huffman, PR AF Dzhosyuk, SN Copete, A Doyle, JM Yang, L Coakley, KJ Golub, R Korobkina, E Kreft, T Lamoreaux, SK Thompson, AK Yang, GL Huffman, PR TI Determination of the neutron lifetime using magnetically trapped neutrons SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE magnetic trapping; neutron lifetime; superthermal neutron production; ultracold neutrons AB We report progress on an experiment to measure the neutron lifetime using magnetically trapped neutrons. Neutrons are loaded into a 1.1 T deep superconducting Ioffe-type trap by scattering 0.89 nm neutrons in isotopically pure superfluid He-4. Neutron decays are detected in real time using the scintillation light produced in the helium by the beta-decay electrons. The measured trap lifetime at a helium temperature of 300 mK and with no ameliorative magnetic ramping is substantially shorter than the free neutron lifetime. This is attributed to the presence of neutrons with energies higher than the magnetic potential of the trap. Magnetic field ramping is implemented to eliminate these neutrons, resulting in an 833(-63)(+74)s trap lifetime, consistent with the currently accepted value of the free neutron lifetime. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dzhosyuk, SN (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.6028/jres.110.050 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900006 PM 27308147 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Yang, L Huffman, PR AF Coakley, KJ Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Yang, L Huffman, PR TI Chaotic scattering and escape times of marginally trapped ultracold neutrons SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE chaotic scattering; escape time; Hamiltonian system; magnetic trap; symplectic integration; ultracold neutrons ID SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We compute classical trajectories of Ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in a superconducting Ioffe-type magnetic trap using a symplectic integration method. We find that the computed escape time for a particular set of initial conditions (momentum and position) does not generally stabilize as the time step parameter is reduced unless the escape time is short (less than approximately 10 s). For energy intervals where more than half of the escape times computed for UCN realizations are numerically well determined, we predict the median escape time as a function of the midpoint of the interval. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900011 PM 27308152 ER PT J AU Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Mitchell, GS O'Donnell, JM Penttila, SI Seo, PN Calarco, JR Hersmann, FW Chupp, TE Cianciolo, TV Rykaczewski, KP Young, GR De Souza, RT Snow, WM Desai, D Greene, GL Grzywacz, RK Frlez, E Pocanic, D Gentile, TR Gudkov, V Jones, GL AF Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Mitchell, GS O'Donnell, JM Penttila, SI Seo, PN Calarco, JR Hersmann, FW Chupp, TE Cianciolo, TV Rykaczewski, KP Young, GR De Souza, RT Snow, WM Desai, D Greene, GL Grzywacz, RK Frlez, E Pocanic, D Gentile, TR Gudkov, V Jones, GL TI Measurement of neutron decay parameters - The abBA experiment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE neutron beta decay; weak interactions ID BETA-EMISSION ASYMMETRY; POLARIZED NEUTRONS; SPIN ASYMMETRY; GA-GV; SPECTRUM AB We are developing an experiment to measure the correlations a, A, and B, and the Fierz interference term b in neutron decay, with a precision of approximately 10(-4). The experiment uses an electromagnetic spectrometer in combination with two large-area segmented silicon detectors to detect the proton and electron from the decay in coincidence, with 4 pi acceptance for both particles. For the neutron-polarization-dependent observables A and B, precision neutron polarimetry is achieved through the combination of a pulsed neutron beam, under construction at the SNS, and a polarized He-3 neutron polarizer. Measuring a and A in the same apparatus provides a redundant determination of lambda=g(A)/g(V). Uncertainty in lambda dominates the uncertainty of CKM unitarity tests. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. RP Wilburn, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov RI Frlez, Emil/B-6487-2013 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.6028/jres.110.058 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900014 PM 27308155 ER PT J AU Collett, B Anderman, R Balashov, S Bateman, FB Byrne, J Dewey, MS Fisher, BM Goldin, L Jones, G Komives, A Konopka, T Leuschner, M Mostovoy, Y Nico, JS Thompson, AK Trull, C Wietfeldt, FE Wilson, R Yerozolimsky, BG AF Collett, B Anderman, R Balashov, S Bateman, FB Byrne, J Dewey, MS Fisher, BM Goldin, L Jones, G Komives, A Konopka, T Leuschner, M Mostovoy, Y Nico, JS Thompson, AK Trull, C Wietfeldt, FE Wilson, R Yerozolimsky, BG TI Proposed measurement of the beta-neutrino correlation in neutron decay SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE beta decay; beta-neutrino correlation; neutron decay; CKM unitarit ID SPECTRUM; ENERGY AB Currently, the beta-neutrino asymmetry has the largest uncertainty (4%) of the neutron decay angular correlations. Without requiring polarimetry, this decay parameter can be used to measure lambda(g(a)/g(v)), test Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) unitarity, limit scalar and tensor currents, and search for Charged Vector Current (CVC) violation. We propose to measure the beta-neutrino asymmetry coeffcient, a, using time-of-flight for the recoil protons. We hope to achieve a systematic uncertainty of sigma(a)/a approximate to 1.0%. After tests at Indiana University's Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS), the apparatus will be moved to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) where the measurement can achieve a statistical uncertainty of 1% to 2% in about 200 beam days. C1 Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Depauw Univ, Dept Phys, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Collett, B (reprint author), Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.6028/jres.110.060 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900016 PM 27308157 ER PT J AU Fisher, BM Wietfeldt, FE Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Nico, JS Thompson, AK Coakley, KJ Beise, EJ Kiriluk, KG Byrne, J AF Fisher, BM Wietfeldt, FE Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Nico, JS Thompson, AK Coakley, KJ Beise, EJ Kiriluk, KG Byrne, J TI Detecting the radiative decay mode of the neutron SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE beta decay; neutron decay; radiative decay; radiative corrections ID BETA-DECAY; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB Beta decay of the neutron into a proton, electron, and electron antineutrino is occasionally accompanied by the emission of a photon. Despite decades of detailed experimental studies of neutron beta-decay, this rare branch of a fundamental weak decay has never been observed. An experiment to study the radiative beta-decay of the neutron is currently being developed for the NG-6 fundamental physics endstation at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The experiment will make use of the existing apparatus for the NIST proton-trap lifetime experiment, which can provide substantial background reduction by providing an electron-proton coincidence trigger. Tests and design of a detector for gamma-rays in the 10 keV to 200 keV range are under development. The need for a large solid-angle gamma-ray detector that can operate in a strong magnetic field and at low temperature has led us to consider scintillating crystals in conjunction with avalanche photodiodes. The motivation and experimental technique will be discussed. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Fisher, BM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mdewey@nist.gov; thomas.gentile@nist.gov; jnico@nist.gov; alan.thompson@nist.gov; kevin@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.6028/jres.110.064 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900020 PM 27308161 ER PT J AU Komives, A Wietfeldt, FE Trull, C Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Thompson, AK Anderman, R Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y AF Komives, A Wietfeldt, FE Trull, C Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Thompson, AK Anderman, R Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y TI A backscatter suppressed electron detector for the measurement of "a" SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE beta decay; electron spectroscopy; neutron decay; scintillation detectors AB A new method of measuring the electron-antineutrino angular correlation coefficient, little "a", from neutron decay-to be performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology will require an electron spectrometer that strongly suppresses backscattered electrons. A prototype consisting of six trapezoidal veto detectors arranged around a plastic scintillator has been tested with an electron beam produced by a Van de Graaff accelerator. The results of this test and its implications for the little "a" measurement are discussed. C1 Depauw Univ, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Komives, A (reprint author), Depauw Univ, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. EM fbb@nist.gov; mdewey@nist.gov; alan.thompson@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.6028/jres.110.066 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 971FG UT WOS:000232366900022 PM 27308163 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Filliben, JJ AF Simiu, E Filliben, JJ TI Wind tunnel testing and the sector-by-sector approach to wind directionality effects SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB We examine the sector-by-sector approach used by some wind tunnel operators to specify extreme wind effects. According to this approach the design of a structural member subjected to wind loads is adequate if the stresses induced by the largest sectorial wind speed with a 50 year mean recurrence interval does not exceed the maximum allowable wind-induced stress for that member, sectorial wind speeds with a 50 year mean recurrence interval being estimated separately for each of the eight 45 degrees (or the 16 22.5 degrees) azimuthal sectors. We show that this approach leads to estimates of wind effects that are unconservative (i.e., on the unsafe side), owing to their failure to consider the overall effects of winds blowing from all sectors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 7 BP 1143 EP 1145 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:7(1143) PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 940DS UT WOS:000230124500016 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Zhang, MH Mapes, B AF Lin, JL Zhang, MH Mapes, B TI Zonal momentum budget of the Madden-Julian oscillation: The source and strength of equivalent linear damping SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; SCALE WAVE DISTURBANCES; KELVIN-ROSSBY WAVE; TOGA COARE IOP; LOW-FREQUENCY; NORTHERN WINTER; VORTICITY BUDGET; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT AB Linear, dissipative models with resting base states are sometimes used in theoretical studies of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). Linear mechanical damping in such models ranges from nonexistent to strong, since an observational basis for its source and strength has been lacking. This study examines the zonal momentum budget of a composite MJO over the equatorial western Pacific region, constructed using filtering and regression techniques from 15 yr (1979-93) of daily global reanalysis data. Two different reanalyses (NCEP-NCAR and ERA-15) give qualitatively similar results for all major terms, including the budget residual, whose structure is consistent with its interpretation as eddy momentum flux convergence (EMFC) in convection. The results show that the MJO is a highly viscous oscillation, with a 3-5-day equivalent linear damping time scale, in the upper as well as lower troposphere. Upper-level damping is mainly in the form of large-scale advection terms, which are linear in MJO amplitude but involve horizontal and vertical background flow. Specifically, the leading terms are the advection of time-mean zonal shear by MJO vertical motion anomalies and advection of MJO wind anomalies by time-mean ascent. This upper-level damping in the western Pacific is mostly confined between 10 degrees N and 10 degrees S. In contrast, zonal wind damping in the lower troposphere involves EMFC (budget residual) and zonal mean linear meridional advection. Stated another way, the strong upper-level damping necessitates upper-level geopotential height gradients to maintain the observed zonal wind anomalies over the time scales implied by the MJO's low frequency. The existence of the background flow thus tends to shift MJO temperature perturbations westward so that the warm anomaly ahead (east) of the convective center is shifted back into the convection. This shifting effect is fully realized only for anomalies with a period much longer than the 3-5-day damping time. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jialin.lin@noaa.gov RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 72 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2172 EP 2188 DI 10.1175/JAS3471.1 PN 1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951WJ UT WOS:000230962800008 ER PT J AU Zurita-Gotor, P Chang, EKM AF Zurita-Gotor, P Chang, EKM TI The impact of zonal propagation and seeding on the eddy-mean flow equilibrium of a zonally varying two-layer model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; PACIFIC STORM TRACK; WAVE-PACKETS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; BAROCLINIC WAVES; LIFE-CYCLES; JET; VARIABILITY; MIDWINTER; DYNAMICS AB This paper investigates the role of zonal propagation for the equilibration of zonally varying flow. It is hypothesized that there exist two ideal limits, for very small or very large group speed. In the first limit the eddies equilibrate locally with the forcing, while in the second limit the equilibration can only be understood in a global sense. To understand these two limits and to assess which is more relevant for the extratropical troposphere, a series of idealized experiments that involves changing the magnitude of the uniform zonal wind is performed. The results of the idealized model experiments suggest that the actual troposphere is likely to be in a transition regime between the two limits, but perhaps closer to the global than the local limit. Near the global limit, both the eddy amplitude and local baroclinicity over the baroclinic zone are strongly affected by the amount of upstream seeding. When the propagation speed is reduced relative to the control run, the zonal mean eddy activity decreases because the residence time increases more over the stable part of the channel than along the baroclinic zone. With the decrease in upstream seeding, the local supercriticality along the baroclinic zone increases; although the increase is moderate. The decrease in seeding and increase in baroclinicity partially offset the effects of each other, leading to only small changes in the maximum eddy amplitude downstream of the baroclinic zone. Changes in upstream seeding can also be achieved by enhanced damping. When the eddies are locally damped, the baroclinicity is also enhanced downstream of the damping region due to reduced eddy fluxes. For typical parameters, the recovery of the eddy amplitude occurs over very long distances. Based on these idealized results, it is argued that the coexistence of enhanced baroclinicity and weaker eddy amplitude over the Pacific storm track, as compared to the Atlantic storm track, is consistent with the effects of strong eddy damping over Asia. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, ITPA MSRC, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Zurita-Gotor, P (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,Rm 237,US Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM pzurita@alum.mit.edu RI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/A-5045-2008 OI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/0000-0002-6873-7645 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2261 EP 2273 DI 10.1175/JAS3473.1 PN 1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951WJ UT WOS:000230962800014 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Hannay, C Evans, KF AF Pincus, R Hannay, C Evans, KF TI The accuracy of determining three-dimensional radiative transfer effects in cumulus clouds using ground-based profiling instruments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT PIXEL APPROXIMATION; FLUXES; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; GEOMETRY; CLOSURE; FIELDS AB Three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations are accurate, though computationally expensive, if the spatial distribution of cloud properties is known. The difference between these calculations and those using the much less expensive independent column approximation is called the 3D radiative transfer effect. Assessing the magnitude of this effect in the real atmosphere requires that many realistic cloud fields be obtained, and profiling instruments such as ground-based radars may provide the best long-term observations of cloud structure. Cloud morphology can be inferred from a time series of vertical profiles obtained from profilers by converting time to horizontal distance with an advection velocity, although this restricts variability to two dimensions. This paper assesses the accuracy of estimates of the 3D effect in shallow cumulus clouds when cloud structure is inferred in this way. Large-eddy simulations provide full three-dimensional, time-evolving cloud fields, which are sampled every 10 s to provide a "radar's eye view" of the same cloud fields. The 3D effect for shortwave surface fluxes is computed for both sets of fields using a broadband Monte Carlo radiative transfer model, and intermediate calculations are made to identify reasons why estimates of the 3D effect differ in these fields. The magnitude of the 3D effect is systematically underestimated in the two-dimensional cloud fields because there are fewer cloud edges that cause the effect, while the random error in hourly estimates is driven by the limited sample observed by the profiling instrument. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Robert.Pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2284 EP 2293 DI 10.1175/JAS3464.1 PN 1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951WJ UT WOS:000230962800016 ER PT J AU Garner, ST AF Garner, ST TI A topographic drag closure built on an analytical base flux SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; MOUNTAIN RIDGE; PARAMETRIZATION; FLOW; OROGRAPHY; BREAKDOWN; MODELS AB Topographic drag schemes depend on grid-scale representations of the average height, width, and orientation of the subgrid topography. Until now, these representations have been based on a combination of statistics and dimensional analysis. However, under certain physical assumptions, linear analysis provides the exact amplitude and orientation of the drag for arbitrary topography. The author proposes a computationally practical closure based on this analysis. Also proposed is a nonlinear correction for nonpropagating base flux. This is patterned after existing schemes but is better constrained to match the linear solution because it assumes a correlation between mountain height and width. When the correction is interpreted as a formula for the transition to saturation in the wave train, it also provides a way of estimating the vertical distribution of the momentum forcing. The explicit subgrid height distribution causes a natural broadening of the layers experiencing the forcing. Linear drag due to simple oscillating flow over topography, which is relevant to ocean tides, has almost the same form as for the stationary atmospheric problem. However, dimensional analysis suggests that the nonpropagating drag in this situation is mostly due to topographic length scales that are small enough to keep the steady-state assumption satisfied. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Garner, ST (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM steve.garner@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2302 EP 2315 DI 10.1175/JAS3496.1 PN 1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951WJ UT WOS:000230962800018 ER PT J AU Liou, KN Ou, SC Takano, Y Liu, Q AF Liou, KN Ou, SC Takano, Y Liu, Q TI A polarized delta-four-stream approximation for infrared and microwave radiative transfer: Part I SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; TRANSFER MODEL; ICE CRYSTALS; LIGHT; ASSIMILATION AB The delta-four-stream polarized (vector) thermal radiative transfer has been formulated and numerically tested specifically for application to satellite data assimilation in cloudy atmospheres. It is shown that for thermal emission in the earth's atmosphere, the [I, Q] component of the Stokes vector can be decoupled from the [U, V] component and that the solution of the vector equation set involving the four-stream approximation can be expressed in an analytic form similar to the scalar case. Thus, the computer time requirement can be optimized for the simulation of forward radiances and their derivatives. Computations have been carried out to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method by comparing radiance and polarization results to those computed from the exact doubling method for radiative transfer for a number of thermal infrared and microwave frequencies. Excellent agreement within 1% is shown for the radiance results for all satellite viewing angles and cloud optical depths. For polarization, differences between the two are less than 5% if brightness temperature is used in the analysis. On balance of the computational speed and accuracy, the four-stream approximation for radiative transfer appears to be an attractive means for the simulation of cloudy radiances and polarization for research and data assimilation purposes. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liou, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM knliou@atmos.ucla.edu RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2542 EP 2554 DI 10.1175/JAS3476.1 PN 2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951WK UT WOS:000230962900014 ER PT J AU Holmberg, DG Diller, TE AF Holmberg, DG Diller, TE TI Simultaneous heat flux and velocity measurements in a transonic turbine cascade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREE-STREAM-TURBULENCE AB The gas turbine engine combustor generates turbulence that increases heat transfer on downstream turbine blades, but the mechanisms of that heat transfer are not fully understood. In this work, simultaneous time-resolved surface heat flux and velocity measurements have been made at three locations on the pressure surface of a high-turning transonic airfoil. Grids were used upstream of the linear turbine cascade to produce free-stream turbulence with two different inlet length scales, but the same turbulence intensity High-frequency response instrumentation was used to obtain both steady and unsteady measurements. Results show that the time-averaged heat transfer is larger for the flow with the smaller integral length scale. Frequency-domain analysis demonstrates coherence between the fluctuations of heat flux and velocity over a broad range of frequencies. This is a direct indication that free-stream turbulent eddies penetrate completely through the boundary layer to the surface. C1 NIST, BFRL, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Holmberg, DG (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Diller, Thomas/F-2398-2014 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1115/1.1860576 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 953KC UT WOS:000231074100010 ER PT J AU Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA AF Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA TI SPM oxidation and parallel writing on zirconium nitride thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AVS International Symposium CY NOV 14-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP AVS ID SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; FIELD-INDUCED OXIDATION; LOCAL OXIDATION; SPACE-CHARGE; KINETICS; SILICON; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; CAPACITANCE AB Systematic investigation of the SPM oxidation process of sputter-deposited ZrN thin films is reported. During the intrinsic part of the oxidation, the density of the oxide increases until the total oxide thickness is approximately twice the feature height. Further oxide growth is sustainable as the system undergoes plastic flow followed by delamination from the ZrN-silicon interface keeping the oxide density constant. ZrN exhibits superdiffusive oxidation kinetics in these single tip SPM studies. We extend this work to the fabrication of parallel oxide patterns 70 nm in height covering areas in the square centimeter range. This simple, quick, and well-controlled parallel nanolithographic technique has great potential for biomedical template fabrication. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ramsier, RD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM rex@uakron.edu RI Comer, Jeffrey/H-4453-2011 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 846 EP 850 DI 10.1116/1.1864052 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 948LL UT WOS:000230717200053 ER PT J AU Parsons, KM Piertney, SB Middlemas, SJ Hammond, PS Armstrong, JD AF Parsons, KM Piertney, SB Middlemas, SJ Hammond, PS Armstrong, JD TI DNA-based identification of salmonid prey species in seal faeces SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pinniped; marine mammal; faeces; cytochrome b; prey identification ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; CYTOCHROME-B GENE; HARBOR SEAL; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; STOMACH CONTENTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FEEDING-HABITS; BROWN TROUT; GRAY SEALS AB Assessment of pinniped predation most often relies on analysis of the hard, undigested prey remains evident in faecal (seat) samples. For many prey species this method can yield valuable information on predator-prey interactions. For some genera, however, species diagnostic characteristics are lost during the process of prey digestion, thereby preventing morphological identification of fish prey species. Here, the feasibility of using faecal DNA to detect the presence of salmonids in pinniped scat samples and to distinguish reliably between sea trout Salmo trutta and Atlantic salmon S. salar was assessed. Novel salmonid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) primers were designed to amplify 162 bp of the 16S rDNA and a 327 bp section of the cytochrome b gene. Species-specific banding patterns were obtained by digestion of the cytochrome b PCR product with the restriction endonuclease AluI, and confirmed by the species-specific amplification of the 16S rDNA fragment from Atlantic salmon. Scats collected from captive grey seals Halichoerus grypus fed on known monospecific diets used to validate the PCR-RFLP assay indicated a probability of at least 95.8% (23 of 24 faecal extracts) of detecting salmonids using DNA extracted from the scat matrix. Implemented alongside conventional prey remains analyses, this technique presents a promising new method for examining prey composition and assessing pinniped predation on salmonids. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8JY, Rossshire, Scotland. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. FRS Freshwater Lab, Faskally PH16 5LB, Pitlochry, Scotland. Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Parsons, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2527 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kim.Parsons@noaa.gov RI Parsons, Kim/A-8050-2011; Piertney, Stuart/I-3144-2012; OI Piertney, Stuart/0000-0001-6654-0569 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 266 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1017/S0952836905006904 PN 3 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 953CJ UT WOS:000231053400007 ER PT J AU Smith, SA Berkson, J AF Smith, SA Berkson, J TI Laboratory culture and maintenance of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID DELAWARE BAY; INFECTION; SALINITY; RESOURCE; DISEASE; GILLS AB Often referred to as a living fossil, the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is one of the most-studied invertebrate animals in the world. It has served as a model in Nobel Prize-winning eye research, and researchers use a component of its blood to detect bacterial contamination in medical devices and drugs. The authors review the conditions necessary for housing these animals in the laboratory. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Phase 2,Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stsmith7@vt.edu RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 7 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1038/laban0705-27 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 942NY UT WOS:000230290300006 PM 15995694 ER PT J AU Lehman, J Dillon, A AF Lehman, J Dillon, A TI Carbon-nanotube coatings promise better thermal detectors SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES AB With high thermal conductivity and resistance to damage, carbon-nanotube coatings are a promising new technology for thermal detectors. This viable alternative may eventually provide better radiometric standards for laser measurement. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Detectors & Displays Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov; anne_dillon@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 BP 81 EP + PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 944XZ UT WOS:000230465800027 ER PT J AU Jones, RJ Ido, T Loftus, T Boyd, M Ludlow, A Holman, K Thorpe, M Moll, K Ye, J AF Jones, RJ Ido, T Loftus, T Boyd, M Ludlow, A Holman, K Thorpe, M Moll, K Ye, J TI Stabilized femtosecond lasers for precision frequency metrology and ultrafast science SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Modern Problems of Laser Physics CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Laser Phys, Int Laser Ctr MV Lomonosov Moscow, State Univ ID PASSIVE OPTICAL CAVITY; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; PULSE AMPLIFICATION AB We present results from several experiments in which the repetitive, coherent nature of stabilized mode-locked pulse trains are utilized. From absolute optical frequency measurements in ultracold Sr atoms to the coherent storage and amplification of optical pulse trains in high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities, the stabilized femtosecond laser has become an indispensable tool in precision spectroscopy and ultrafast science. C1 Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, RJ (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjjones@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1010 EP 1013 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 947YB UT WOS:000230682100011 ER PT J AU Dorval, E Jones, CM Hannigan, R AF Dorval, E Jones, CM Hannigan, R TI Chemistry of surface waters: Distinguishing fine-scale differences in sea grass habitats of Chesapeake Bay SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; TRACE-METALS; DISSOLVED BARIUM; SCHELDT ESTUARY; RIVER; GEOCHEMISTRY; ANOXIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTAMINANTS; VARIABILITY AB We tested the hypothesis that the physical and chemical processes acting in sea grass habitats of the lower Chesapeake Bay are spatially structured and that dissolved elemental chemistry of sea grass-habitat surface waters have their own unique identity. We sampled surface waters from July to September 2001 in five sea grass habitats of the lower bay: Potomac, Rappahannock, York, Island (Tangier-Bloods worth), and Eastern Shore. Dissolved Mg, Mn, Sr, and Ba concentrations were measured by sector field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As expected, Mg, Sr, and Ba exhibited conservative behavior, but Mn exhibited nonconservative behavior along the salinity gradient. Spatial differences in the chemistry of surface waters over sea grass habitats were fully resolvable independently of time. Moreover, classification accuracy of water samples was low in Rappahannock, moderate in Potomac and Eastern Shore, and high in the York and Island habitats. The chemistry of York was distinct because of the effects of physical mixing, whereas Island chemistry was unique, potentially because of the influence of Coriolis acceleration and river discharges from the Susquehanna River. The results of this study show that sites so close to one another in physical space maintain distinct chemical differences. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. RP Dorval, E (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Emmanis.Dorval@noaa.gov RI Hannigan, Robyn /F-8628-2010 OI Hannigan, Robyn /0000-0003-4782-1124 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1083 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 946PS UT WOS:000230585100005 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA AF Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA TI Effect of CO2 supply and demand on zinc uptake and growth limitation in a coastal diatom SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; ANTARCTIC WATERS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SILICIC-ACID; IRON; SEAWATER AB We conducted culture experiments with Thalassiosira pseudonana to determine the effect of CO2 photoperiod, and light intensity on cellular zinc concentrations and zinc requirements for growth. Cellular zinc requirements were dependent on the supply of CO2 relative to its photosynthetic demand. Decreasing the CO2 concentration (via an increase in pH from 8.2 to 9.0) increased the cellular zinc required to achieve a given growth rate or that needed for maximum growth. This increase is apparently linked to a greater demand for the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is needed for cellular CO2 acquisition. A decrease in photoperiod had a similar effect. Based on the present and previous results, a decrease in photoperiod from 24 h d(-1) (continuous light) to 7 h d-1 was accompanied by an estimated 2.2-fold increase in the net specific rate of photosynthetic C fixation, which increased the cellular demand for CA. The higher cellular requirement for zinc under decreased CO2 or photoperiod was accentuated at high growth rates because of a disproportionate increase in the cellular demand for CA with increasing specific rate of C fixation. The increased demand for cellular zinc was largely met by a decrease in the daily specific growth rate, which increased cellular zinc concentrations by decreasing biodilution rates. In addition, there was an approximately twofold increase in cellular zinc uptake rates at high zinc concentrations (and high growth rates) for cells grown at low CO2 concentration. In contrast to the effects of decreased CO2 or photoperiod, a tenfold decrease in light intensity reduced the cellular zinc requirement, apparently linked to a 2.8-fold decrease in the maximum specific growth rate, and resultant decreased demand for CA and other biosynthetic zinc enzymes. Other factors (e.g., iron limitation) that decrease specific growth rate should have a similar effect. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1192 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 946PS UT WOS:000230585100015 ER PT J AU Van Workum, K Douglas, JF AF Van Workum, K Douglas, JF TI Schematic models of molecular self-organization SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE nanotube; polymerization transition; self-assembly; simulation; virus capsid ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; LATTICE MODEL; SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; QUADRUPOLAR FLUIDS; DESIGNED PEPTIDE; PHASE-SEPARATION; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; PROTEIN; ORGANOGELS AB Molecular self-organization is central to the formation of numerous biological structures and the emulation of this process through the creation of synthetic counterparts offers great promise for nanofabrication. Our approach to understanding the principles governing this process is inspired by existing models and measurements on the self-organization of actin, tubulin and the ubiquitous icosahedral structures of viral capsids. We introduce a family of simple potentials that give rise to the self-organization of chain-like, random surface ('membrane'), tubular ('nanotube') and hollow icosahedral structures that are similar in many respects to their biological counterparts. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 97 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1002/masy.200550901 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400002 ER PT J AU Di Marzio, EA Guttman, CM AF Di Marzio, EA Guttman, CM TI Coupling of the polymer threading a membrane transition to the membrane adsorption transition SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE membrane translocation; polymer transition; polymer translocation; transit times ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COIL TRANSITION; EXCLUDED VOLUME; HELIX; MACROMOLECULES; COLLAPSE; CHAIN; TRANSLOCATION; MODEL AB A polymer molecule threading through a pore in a plane membrane is allowed to adsorb on either or both sides of the membrane. Further, it is confined to the vicinity of the membrane by two plane barriers lying on either side of the membrane. A lattice model of this problem is exactly solvable by matrix techniques. The equilibrium translocation behavior is described as a function of the polymer MW, the membrane adsorption energies, the solution properties, the barrier separations, applied force, and the temperature. The transition is first-order, meaning that small changes in any of these 9 quantities can in the limit of infinite NEW, completely translocate the polymer. The work of Park and Sung who used Smoluchowski-like equations to calculate translocation transit times can be generalized by use of the sea-snake model which is relevant to isolated polymer chains in solution. The physics behind the sea-snake model is that if one monomer is pulled into the membrane, the distance the center of mass of the untranslocated portion of the chain moves is MW-1/2 of the distance between monomer units. This reduces the effective friction coefficient by MW1/2. It is found for the sea-snake model that the MW dependence of transit times varies as MW3/2 or MW depending on whether we use a free draining or a non-free draining picture for the polymer. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Di Marzio, EA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1002/masy.200550904 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400005 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Bencherif, S Antonucci, JM Jones, RL Horkay, F AF Lin-Gibson, S Bencherif, S Antonucci, JM Jones, RL Horkay, F TI Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate hydrogels SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE gel structure; hydrogel; MALDI-TOF MS; mechanical properties; neutron scattering; poly(ethylene glycol); SANS ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE AB Facile synthesis and detailed characterization of photopolymerizable and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDM) and their hydrogels are described. Combined analyses of H-1 NMR and MALDI-TOF MS confirmed the formation of prepolymers of high purity and narrow mass distribution (PD < 1.02). A systematic investigation into the structure and mechanical properties of PEGDM hydrogels was performed to characterize the relationships between the network structure and get properties. Small-angle neutron scattering was used to characterize the structural features of hydrogels with respect to their semidilute solution precursors. A well-defined structural length scale (correlation length) manifested as a maximum in the scattering intensity was observed for hydrogels derived from high molecular mass PEGDMs and/or high oligomer mass fractions. Hydrogels derived from lower molecular mass PEGDMs and/or low oligomer mass fractions exhibited multiple correlation lengths suggesting the formation of inhomogeneous gel structures. The shear moduli, determined from uniaxial compression measurement, showed that the gel structures correlate well with the gel mechanical properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NICHD, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov OI BENCHERIF, SIDI/0000-0002-7704-5608 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1002/masy.200550924 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400025 ER PT J AU Wilder, EA Antonucci, JM AF Wilder, EA Antonucci, JM TI Improved dental composites utilizing dibenzylidene sorbitol networks SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE dental composites; dental polymers; gelation; shrinkage; strength ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; ORGANOGELS; GELS; 1,3/2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL; 1,3-2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL; CONVERSION; SHRINKAGE AB Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) is a sugar derivative that is capable of self-organizing into a 3D nanofibrillar network at relatively low concentrations in a wide variety of organic solvents and polymer melts to induce physical gelation. This research was aimed at determining the effect of DBS networks on vinyl conversion, polymerization shrinkage, and mechanical strength of bioactive dental composites containing zirconyl-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP) and a polymer matrix derived from the photopolymerization of ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). Flexural strength was enhanced while polymerization shrinkage and its associated stress development were both significantly reduced by the incorporation of DBS into the composites, suggesting that DBS may be a useful additive for dental composites. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilder, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1002/masy.200550925 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400026 ER PT J AU Beasley, I Robertson, KM Arnold, P AF Beasley, I Robertson, KM Arnold, P TI Description of a new dolphin, the Australian Snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni Sp N. (Cetacea, Delphinidae) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Irrawaddy dolphin; Snubfin dolphin; Orcaella brevirostris; Orcaella heinsohni; taxonomy; skull morphology; geographic variation; molecular analyses; external morphometrics ID STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY; SYMPATRIC MORPHOTYPES; IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BREVIROSTRIS; TURSIOPS; PACIFIC; WATERS; GENUS AB Comparisons of the Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris, between Australian and Asian sites documented geographic differences in height of dorsal fin, presence or absence of a median dorsal groove in front of the dorsal fin, and coloration (presence or absence of a dorsal cape). Analysis of genetic data provided support for two clades within the Asian samples, the Mekong River samples from Cambodia and southern Laos, and all other marine and freshwater sites from Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The major separation, however, was between sites in Asia and those from Australia (5.9% of base pair differences, compared with 1.2% for within Australia and 1.5% for within Asia). Within a 403 base segment of the mtDNA control region, Australian specimens had 17 diagnostic sites with 16 fixed base pair differences and one insertion/deletion. Consistent, statistically significant differences in skull characters of Australian specimens have previously been demonstrated and are reviewed in this paper. There was a high concordance in character differences demonstrated between O. brevirostris from all Asian sites and Australian specimens, especially in the genetic and osteological characters. Based on the range and concordance of character differences, we propose that the Australian dolphins be recognized as a new species, Orcaella heinsohni (suggested common name: Australian snubfin dolphin). C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Environm Studies & Geog, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Environm Studies & Geog, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM psout@everyday.com.kh NR 97 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 365 EP 400 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01239.x PG 36 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 939XW UT WOS:000230107100001 ER PT J AU Barlow, J Taylor, BL AF Barlow, J Taylor, BL TI Estimates of sperm whale abundance in the northeastern temperate Pacific from a combined acoustic and visual survey SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic survey; visual survey; hydrophone array; line-transect; abundance; density; sperm whale; North Pacific; Pbyseter macrocephalus ID BEHAVIOR AB We estimate the abundance of sperm whales in a 7.8 million km(2) study area in the eastern temperate North Pacific using data from a ship-based acoustic and visual line-transect survey in spring 1997. Sperm whales were detected acoustically using a hydrophone array towed at 15 km/h and 100 m depth. The hydrophone array was towed for 14,500 km, and locations were estimated acoustically for 45 distinct sperm whale groups. Whales producing slow clicks (> 2-s period) were detected at greater distance (up to 37 km), and the estimation of effective strip widths was stratified based on initial click period. Visual survey effort (using 25X binoculars and naked eyes) covered 8,100 km in Beaufort sea states 0-5 and resulted in only eight sightings. The effective strip width for visual detections was estimated from previous surveys conducted using the same methods and similar vessels in the eastern Pacific. Estimated sperm whale abundance in the study area was not significantly different between acoustic (32,100, CV = 0.36) and visual (26,300, CV = 0.81) detection methods. Acoustic techniques substantially increased the number of sperm whales detected on this line-transect survey by increasing the range of detection and allowing nighttime surveys; however, visual observations were necessary for estimating group size. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shore Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jay.barlow@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 24 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 429 EP 445 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01242.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 939XW UT WOS:000230107100004 ER PT J AU Fritz, LW Hinckley, S AF Fritz, LW Hinckley, S TI A critical review of the regime shift-"Junk Food"-nutritional stress hypothesis for the decline of the western stock of Steller sea lion SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Steller sea lions; Eumetopias jubatus; regime shifts; population decline; nutritional stress; diet; prey quality; energy density ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; HARBOR SEALS; POPULATION DECLINE; PACIFIC-SALMON; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY AB Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the central and western Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Bering Sea have declined by 80% in the last 30 yr. One hypothesis for the decline in this western Steller sea lion population is that a climate regime shift in 1976-1977 changed the species composition of the fish community and reduced the nutritional quality (energy density) of the sea lion prey field. This in turn led to nutritional stress and reduced individual fitness, survival, and reproduction of sea lions. Implications of this regime shift - "junk food" hypothesis are that (1) the recruitment and abundance of supposed high quality species (e.g., Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi) decreased while those of supposed low quality (e.g., species in the family Gadidae) increased following the regime shift, (2) Steller sea lion diets shifted in response to this change in fish community structure, and (3) a diet composed principally of gadids (e.g., walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma) is detrimental to sea lion fitness and survival. We examine data relating to each of these implications and find little support for the hypothesis that increases in the availability and consumption of gadids following the regime shift are primarily responsible for the decline of the western population of Steller sea lion. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fritz, LW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM lowell.fritz@noaa.gov NR 169 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 476 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01245.x PG 43 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 939XW UT WOS:000230107100007 ER PT J AU Gilbert, JR Waring, GT Wynne, KM Guldager, N AF Gilbert, JR Waring, GT Wynne, KM Guldager, N TI Changes in abundance of harbor seals in Maine, 1981-2001 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; population estimation; distribution; New England; gray seal; Halichoerus grypus ID PHOCA-VITULINA CONCOLOR; POPULATION-SIZE; SOUTHERN GULF; NEW-BRUNSWICK; SABLE ISLAND; WADDEN SEA; HARP SEAL; HAUL-OUT; RECORDS; TRENDS AB Aerial counts of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) on ledges along the Maine coast were conducted during the pupping season in 1981, 1986, 1993, 1997, and 2001. Between 1981 and 2001, the uncorrected counts of seals increased from 10,543 to 38,014, an annual rate of 6.6 percent. In 2001 30 harbor seals were captured and radio-tagged prior to aerial counts. Of these, 19 harbor seals (six adult males, two adult females, seven juvenile males, and four juvenile females) were available during the survey to develop a correction factor for the fraction of seals not observed. The corrected 2001 abundance estimate was 99,340 harbor seals. Productivity in this population has increased since 1981 from 6.4% pups to 24.4% pups. The number of gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) counted during the harbor seal surveys increased from zero in both 1981 and 1986 to 1,731 animals in 2001. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, Marine Advisory Program, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Gilbert, JR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM james.gilbert@umit.maine.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 519 EP 535 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01246.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 939XW UT WOS:000230107100008 ER EF