FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zawisza, I Burgess, I Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S AF Zawisza, I Burgess, I Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S TI Electrochemical, neutron reflectivity and in situ PM-FT-IRRAS studies of a monolayer of n-octadecanol at a Au(111) electrode surface SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual ISE Meeting CY SEP 01-05, 2003 CL Sao Pedro, BRAZIL DE Langmuir-Blodgett method; chronocoulomerty; photon polarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy; Neutron reflectometry ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; ANGLE AUTOCORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; TIME SAMPLING ELECTRONICS; NORMAL-ALKYL CHAINS; H STRETCHING MODES; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TILT ANGLES AB The horizontal touch and Langmuir-Blodgett techniques have been used to transfer a monolayer of n-octadecanol from the gas-solution interface of a Langmuir trough onto the metal-solution interface of a Au(111) electrode. Chronocoulometry has been used to determine the charge density at the electrode surface covered by the film of n-octadecanol. The surface pressure of this film was calculated from the charge density data and was found to be controlled by the electrode potential. We have demonstrated that by dialing the potential applied to the electrode via a potentiostat the monolayer adsorbed on the surface can be compressed or decompressed. Two states of the monolayer were observed. The transition between these states took place at a film pressure similar to12 mN m(-1). Neutron reflectometry and polarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy have been employed to determine the nature of the two states. The results show that octadecanol molecules form a two-dimensional solid film at all film pressures. At film pressures larger than 12 mN m(-1), the film has low compressibility and n-octadecanol molecules assume a small tilt angle with respect to the surface normal. At film pressures lower than 12 mN m(-1) a compressive film is formed in which the tilt angle progressively increases with decreasing surface pressure. We have demonstrated that the properties of a monolayer of n-octadecanol at the metal-solution interface display many similarities to the properties of that film at the air-solution interface. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MLNSCE, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lipkowski, J (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM lipkowski@chembio.uoguelph.ca RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 22-23 BP 3651 EP 3664 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.02.051 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 839XL UT WOS:000222818100004 ER PT J AU Doney, SC Lindsay, K Caldeira, K Campin, JM Drange, H Dutay, JC Follows, M Gao, Y Gnanadesikan, A Gruber, N Ishida, A Joos, F Madec, G Maier-Reimer, E Marshall, JC Matear, RJ Monfray, P Mouchet, A Najjar, R Orr, JC Plattner, GK Sarmiento, J Schlitzer, R Slater, R Totterdell, IJ Weirig, MF Yamanaka, Y Yool, A AF Doney, SC Lindsay, K Caldeira, K Campin, JM Drange, H Dutay, JC Follows, M Gao, Y Gnanadesikan, A Gruber, N Ishida, A Joos, F Madec, G Maier-Reimer, E Marshall, JC Matear, RJ Monfray, P Mouchet, A Najjar, R Orr, JC Plattner, GK Sarmiento, J Schlitzer, R Slater, R Totterdell, IJ Weirig, MF Yamanaka, Y Yool, A TI Evaluating global ocean carbon models: The importance of realistic physics SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE global carbon models; ocean carbon systems; OCMIP-2 ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRACER TRANSPORTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HEAT-TRANSPORT; WORLD OCEAN; FLUXES; DRIVEN AB A suite of standard ocean hydrographic and circulation metrics are applied to the equilibrium physical solutions from 13 global carbon models participating in phase 2 of the Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP-2). Model-data comparisons are presented for sea surface temperature and salinity, seasonal mixed layer depth, meridional heat and freshwater transport, 3-D hydrographic fields, and meridional overturning. Considerable variation exists among the OCMIP-2 simulations, with some of the solutions falling noticeably outside available observational constraints. For some cases, model-model and model-data differences can be related to variations in surface forcing, subgrid-scale parameterizations, and model architecture. These errors in the physical metrics point to significant problems in the underlying model representations of ocean transport and dynamics, problems that directly affect the OCMIP predicted ocean tracer and carbon cycle variables (e.g., air-sea CO2 flux, chlorofluorocarbon and anthropogenic CO2 uptake, and export production). A substantial fraction of the large model-model ranges in OCMIP-2 biogeochemical fields (+/-25-40%) represents the propagation of known errors in model physics. Therefore the model-model spread likely overstates the uncertainty in our current understanding of the ocean carbon system, particularly for transport-dominated fields such as the historical uptake of anthropogenic CO2. A full error assessment, however, would need to account for additional sources of uncertainty such as more complex biological-chemical-physical interactions, biases arising from poorly resolved or neglected physical processes, and climate change. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate Syst Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium. Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Inst Global Change Res, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. UPS, IRD, CNRS, CNES,Lab Etud Geophys & Ocanog Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Southampton, George Deacon Div, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Southampton, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Dept Oceanog, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Doney, SC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kenc@llnl.gov; campin@astro.ulg.ac.be; mick@plume.mit.edu; marshall@gulf.mit.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Orr, James/C-5221-2009; madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Follows, Michael/G-9824-2011; Yool, Andrew/B-4799-2012; matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Mouchet, Anne/K-1911-2014; gao, yongqi/N-9347-2014; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Yool, Andrew/0000-0002-9879-2776; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mouchet, Anne/0000-0002-8846-3063; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045 NR 75 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3017 DI 10.1029/2003GB002150 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857ND UT WOS:000224123200001 ER PT J AU Feria, L Gonzalez, C Castro, M AF Feria, L Gonzalez, C Castro, M TI Ab initio study of the CH3O2 self-reaction in gas phase: Elucidation of the CH3O2+CH3O2 -> 2CH(3)O+O-2 pathway SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Congress of the International Society for Theoretical Chemical Pysics (ICTCP 4) CY JUL 09-16, 2002 CL Natl Youth Inst, Marly Le Roi, FRANCE HO Natl Youth Inst DE self-reaction; methyl peroxyl radical; theoretical study ID PEROXY-RADICALS; METHYL PEROXY; ABINITIO AB Ab initio electronic structure calculations have been performed to determine the mechanism governing the 2CH(3)O(2) --> 2CH(3)O + O-2 chemical reaction in gas phase. Geometry optimizations for reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products were performed at the MP2 level of theory with the 6-311G(2d,2p) basis sets. Further, PMP4(SDTQ)/6-311G(3df,2p) single-point calculations were performed on the previous MP2/6-311G(2d,2p)-optimized geometries. For the past 50 years, it has been proposed that the production of CH3O and O-2 in the self-reaction of methylperoxyl radicals is the result of the direct dissociation of a noncyclic tetraoxide intermediate via a concerted mechanism involving a single step. Our theoretical results indicate that the reaction path is more complex than expected. We found that the reaction proceeds through a nonconcerted mechanism involving two tetraoxide intermediates that have different geometries and relative energies. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, DEPg, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Castro, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, DEPg, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM let_feria@yahoo.com; castro@quetzal.pquim.unam.mx NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 99 IS 5 SI SI BP 605 EP 615 DI 10.1002/qua.10848 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 846YY UT WOS:000223356800006 ER PT J AU Spichtinger, N Damoah, R Eckhardt, S Forster, C James, P Beirle, S Marbach, T Wagner, T Novelli, PC Stohl, A AF Spichtinger, N Damoah, R Eckhardt, S Forster, C James, P Beirle, S Marbach, T Wagner, T Novelli, PC Stohl, A TI Boreal forest fires in 1997 and 1998: a seasonal comparison using transport model simulations and measurement data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING SMOKE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NORTHERN LATITUDES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; SIBERIA; CO; REGION AB Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire activity in 1998 was very strong, especially over Canada and Eastern Siberia, whereas it was much weaker in 1997. According to burned area estimates the burning in 1998 was more than six times as intense as in 1997. Based on hot spot locations derived from ATSR ( Along Track Scanning Radiometer) data and official burned area data, fire emissions were estimated and their transport was simulated with a Lagrangian tracer transport model. Siberian and Canadian forest fire tracers were distinguished to investigate the transport of both separately. The fire emissions were transported even over intercontinental distances. Due to the El Nino induced meteorological situation, transport from Siberia to Canada was enhanced in 1998. Siberian fire emissions were transported towards Canada and contributed concentrations more than twice as high as those due to Canada's own CO emissions by fires. In 1998 both tracers arrive at higher latitudes over Europe, which is due to a higher North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in 1998. The simulated emission plumes are compared to CMDL ( Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory) CO2 and CO data, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) aerosol index ( AI) data and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns. All the data show clearly enhanced signals during the burning season of 1998 compared to 1997. The results of the model simulation are in good agreement with ground-based as well as satellite-based measurements. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. EM spichtinger@forst.tu-muenchen.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Damoah, Richard/H-1665-2012; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1857 EP 1868 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853YI UT WOS:000223866500001 ER PT J AU Uno, I Satake, S Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Wang, ZF Takemura, T Sugimoto, N Shimizu, A Murayama, T Cahill, TA Cliff, S Uematsu, M Ohta, S Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Uno, I Satake, S Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Wang, ZF Takemura, T Sugimoto, N Shimizu, A Murayama, T Cahill, TA Cliff, S Uematsu, M Ohta, S Quinn, PK Bates, TS TI Numerical study of Asian dust transport during the springtime of 2001 simulated with the Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS) model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Asia; soil dust; simulation; observation; ACE-Asia ID ACE-ASIA; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; DRY DEPOSITION; WIND EROSION; PACIFIC; CHINA; PREDICTION; EMISSION; NETWORK; CARBON AB The regional-scale aerosol transport model Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS) is used for analysis of large-scale dust phenomena during the Asian Pacific Regional Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) intensive observation. Dust modeling results are examined with the surface weather reports, satellite-derived dust index (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index (AI)), Mie-scattering lidar observation, and surface aerosol observations. The CFORS dust results are shown to accurately reproduce many of the important observed features. Model analysis shows that the simulated dust vertical loading correlates well with TOMS AI and that the dust loading is transported with the meandering of the synoptic-scale temperature field at the 500-hPa level. Quantitative examination of aerosol optical depth shows that model predictions are within 20% difference of the lidar observations for the major dust episodes. The structure of the ACE-Asia Perfect Dust Storm, which occurred in early April, is clarified with the help of the CFORS model analysis. This storm consisted of two boundary layer components and one elevated dust (>6-km height) feature (resulting from the movement of two large low-pressure systems). Time variation of the CFORS dust fields shows the correct onset timing of the elevated dust for each observation site, but the model results tend to overpredict dust concentrations at lower latitude sites. The horizontal transport flux at 130degreesE longitude is examined, and the overall dust transport flux at 130degreesE during March-April is evaluated to be 55 Tg. C1 Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Fac Marine Engn, Tokyo 1358533, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, DELTA Grp, Davis, CA 95626 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga Pk 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EM iuno@riam.kyushu-u.go.jp; satake@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; zifawang@mail.iap.ac.cn; toshi@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; nsugimot@nies.go.jp; shimizua@nies.go.jp; murayama@e.kaiyodai.ac.jp; tacahill@ucdavis.edu; sscliff@ucdavis.edu; uematsu@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ohta@eng.hokudai.ac.jp; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; tim.bates@noaa.gov RI Wang, Zifa/B-5192-2008; Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 33 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S24 DI 10.1029/2003JD004222 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857NI UT WOS:000224123800003 ER PT J AU Goral, K Kohler, T Gardiner, SA Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Goral, K Kohler, T Gardiner, SA Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS TI Adiabatic association of ultracold molecules via magnetic-field tunable interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FESHBACH RESONANCES; ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; FERMI GAS; SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB We consider in detail the situation of applying a time-dependent external magnetic field to a Rb-87 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate held in a harmonic trap, in order to adiabatically sweep the interatomic interactions across a Feshbach resonance to produce diatomic molecules. To this end, we introduce a minimal two-body Hamiltonian depending on just five measurable parameters of a Feshbach resonance, which accurately determines all low-energy binary scattering observables, in particular, the molecular conversion efficiency of just two atoms. Based on this description of the microscopic collision phenomena, we use the many-body theory of Kohler and Burnett (2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 033601) to study the efficiency of the association of molecules in a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate during a linear passage of the magnetic-field strength across the 100 mT Feshbach resonance. We explore different, experimentally accessible, parameter regimes, and compare the predictions of Landau-Zener, configuration interaction, and two-level mean-field calculations with those of the microscopic many-body approach. Our comparative studies reveal a remarkable insensitivity of the molecular conversion efficiency with respect to both the details of the microscopic binary collision physics and the coherent nature of the Bose-Einstein condensed gas, provided that the magnetic-field strength is varied linearly. We provide the reasons for this universality of the molecular production achieved by linear ramps of the magnetic-field strength, and identify the Landau-Zener coefficient determined by Mies et al (2000 Phys. Rev. A 61022721) as the main parameter that controls the efficiency. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Theoret Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Gardiner, Simon/B-2060-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Gardiner, Simon/0000-0001-5939-4612; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 66 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 17 BP 3457 EP 3500 AR PII s0953-4075(04)83723-4 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/37/17/006 PG 44 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 861LR UT WOS:000224418500012 ER PT J AU Nieh, MP Raghunathan, VA Glinka, CJ Harroun, TA Pabst, G Katsaras, J AF Nieh, MP Raghunathan, VA Glinka, CJ Harroun, TA Pabst, G Katsaras, J TI Magnetically alignable phase of phospholipid "Bicelle" mixtures is a chiral nematic made up of wormlike micelles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SOLID-STATE NMR; SURFACTANT; DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; MORPHOLOGY; SYSTEM; MEMBRANES; BILAYERS; PROTEIN; MODEL AB We have studied the phase behavior of binary mixtures of long- and short-chain lipids, namely, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DHPC), using optical microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. Samples with a total lipid content of 25 wt %, corresponding to ratios Q ([DMPC]/[DHPC]) of 5, 3.2, and 2, are found to exhibit an isotropic (I) --> chiral nematic (N*) --> lamellar phase sequence on increasing temperature. The I-N* transition coincides with the chain melting transition of DMPC at Q = 5 and 3.2, but the N* phase forms at a higher temperature for Q = 2. All three samples form multilamellar vesicles in the lamellar phase. Our results show that disklike "bicellar" aggregates occur only in the lower temperature isotropic phase and not in the higher temperature magnetically alignable N* phase, where they were previously believed to exist. The N* phase is found to consist of long, flexible wormlike micelles, their entanglement resulting in the very high viscosity of this phase. C1 CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys & Xray Struct Res, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Katsaras, J (reprint author), CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. EM john.katsaras@nrc.gc.ca RI Raghunathan, V./E-5103-2012; Pabst, Georg/I-6919-2015; OI Pabst, Georg/0000-0003-1967-1536; Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177; Harroun, Thad/0000-0001-9816-2590 NR 33 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 19 BP 7893 EP 7897 DI 10.1021/la0486411 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 853SF UT WOS:000223847300002 PM 15350048 ER PT J AU Irwin, KD Lehnert, KW AF Irwin, KD Lehnert, KW TI Microwave SQUID multiplexer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS; ARRAYS AB We describe a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexer operated at microwave frequencies. The outputs of multiple SQUIDs are simultaneously modulated at different frequencies and summed into the input of one high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The large bandwidth and dynamic range provided by HEMT amplifiers should make it possible to frequency-division multiplex a large number of SQUIDs in one output coaxial cable. We measure low SQUID noise (similar to0.5 muPhi(0)/rootHz at 4 K) and demonstrate the multiplexed readout of two direct current (dc) SQUIDs at different resonant frequencies. In this work, dc SQUIDs are used, but this approach is equally applicable to radio-frequency SQUIDs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irwin@boulder.nist.gov RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2107 EP 2109 DI 10.1063/1.1791733 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854SJ UT WOS:000223923300080 ER PT J AU Deiker, SW Doriese, W Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Rippard, WH Ullom, JN Vale, LR Ruggiero, ST Williams, A Young, BA AF Deiker, SW Doriese, W Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Rippard, WH Ullom, JN Vale, LR Ruggiero, ST Williams, A Young, BA TI Superconducting transition edge sensor using dilute AlMn alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES; RESOLUTION; NOISE AB We have fabricated a bolometer using a transition-edge sensor (TES) made of Al doped with Mn to suppress the superconducting critical temperature (T-c) of Al from similar to1 K to similar to100 mK. The resulting detector exhibits low-frequency noise consistent with theory, with a noise-equivalent power of 7.5x10(-18) W/rootHz. The addition of Mn impurities did not significantly increase the heat capacity of the TES. In addition, the detector is surprisingly insensitive to applied magnetic fields. The use of AlMn alloy films in arrays of TES detectors has advantages in simplicity of fabrication when compared to traditional bilayer fabrication techniques. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM deiker@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2137 EP 2139 DI 10.1063/1.1789575 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854SJ UT WOS:000223923300090 ER PT J AU Salzmann, M Lawrence, MG Phillips, VTJ Donner, LJ AF Salzmann, M Lawrence, MG Phillips, VTJ Donner, LJ TI Modelling tracer transport by a cumulus ensemble: lateral boundary conditions and large-scale ascent SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COARE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; TOGA COARE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GAS-TRANSPORT; PART I; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PACIFIC; POLLUTANTS AB The vertical transport of tracers by a cumulus ensemble at the TOGA-COARE site is modelled during a 7 day episode using 2-D and 3-D cloud-resolving setups of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Lateral boundary conditions (LBC) for tracers, water vapour, and wind are specified and the horizontal advection of trace gases across the lateral domain boundaries is considered. Furthermore, the vertical advection of trace gases by the large-scale motion (short: vertical large-scale advection of tracers, VLSAT) is considered. It is shown that including VLSAT partially compensates the calculated net downward transport from the middle and upper troposphere (UT) due to the mass balancing mesoscale subsidence induced by deep convection. Depending on whether the VLSAT term is added or not, modelled domain averaged vertical tracer profiles can differ significantly. Differences between a 2-D and a 3-D model run were mainly attributed to an increase in horizontal advection across the lateral domain boundaries due to the meridional wind component not considered in the 2-D setup. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Salzmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM salzmann@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014 OI Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1797 EP 1811 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853LL UT WOS:000223829000001 ER PT J AU Tumlinson, J Venkatesan, A Shull, JM AF Tumlinson, J Venkatesan, A Shull, JM TI Nucleosynthesis, reionization, and the mass function of the first stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID METAL-POOR STARS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POPULATION-III STARS; R-PROCESS; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; EVOLVING SPECTRA; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EARLY GALAXY AB We critique the hypothesis that the first stars were very massive stars (VMSs; M>140 M-circle dot). We review the two major lines of evidence for the existence of VMSs: (1) that the relative metal abundances of extremely metal-poor Galactic halo stars show evidence of VMS enrichment and (2) that the high electron-scattering optical depth (tau(e)) to the cosmic microwave background found by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) requires VMSs for reionization in a concordance LambdaCDM cosmology. The yield patterns of VMSs exploding as pair-instability supernovae are incompatible with the Fe-peak and r-process abundances in halo stars. Models including Type II supernovae and/or "hypernovae'' from zero-metallicity progenitors with M=8-40 M-circle dot can better explain the observed trends. We use the nucleosynthesis results and stellar evolution models to construct an initial mass function (IMF) for reionization. With a simple metal transport model, we estimate that halo enrichment curtails metal-free star formation after similar to10(8) yr at zsimilar to20. Because the lifetime-integrated ionizing photon efficiency of metal-free stars peaks at similar to120 M-circle dot and declines at higher mass, an IMF with an approximate lower bound at Msimilar to10-20 M-circle dot and no VMS can maximize the ionizing photon budget and still be consistent with the nucleosynthetic evidence. An IMF devoid of low-mass stars is justified independently by models of the formation of primordial stars. Using a semianalytic model for H I and He II reionization, we find that such an IMF can reproduce tau(e)similar or equal to0.10-0.14, consistent with the range from WMAP, without extreme astrophysical assumptions, provided that metal-free star formation persists 10(7)-10(8) yr after star formation begins. Because stars in the mass range 50-140 M-circle dot are the most efficient sources of ionizing photons but are expected to collapse to black holes without releasing metals, this IMF effectively decouples early metal enrichment and early ionization. Such an IMF may allow the unique properties of the zero-metallicity IMF to persist longer than they would in the pure VMS case and to contribute significantly to the global ionizing photon budget before halo self-enrichment and/or interhalo metal transport truncates metal-free star formation. We conclude, on the basis of these results, that VMSs are not necessary to meet the existing constraints commonly taken to motivate them. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, UCB 289, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tumlinson, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 75 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP 602 EP 614 DI 10.1086/422571 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XW UT WOS:000223791100003 ER PT J AU Ho, DL Byrnes, WM Ma, WP Shi, Y Callaway, DJE Bu, ZM AF Ho, DL Byrnes, WM Ma, WP Shi, Y Callaway, DJE Bu, ZM TI Structure-specific DNA-induced conformational changes in Taq polymerase revealed by small angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERMUS-AQUATICUS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEASE DOMAIN; ENDONUCLEASE; REPLICATION; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN AB The DNA polymerase I from Thermus aquaticus (Taq polymerase) performs lagging-strand DNA synthesis and DNA repair. Taq polymerase contains a polymerase domain for synthesizing a new DNA strand and a 5'-nuclease domain for cleaving RNA primers or damaged DNA strands. The extended crystal structure of Taq polymerase poses a puzzle on how this enzyme coordinates its polymerase and the nuclease activities to generate only a nick. Using contrast variation solution small angle neutron scattering, we have examined the conformational changes that occur in Taq polymerase upon binding "overlap flap" DNA, a structure-specific DNA substrate that mimics the substrate in strand replacement reactions. In solution, apoTaq polymerase has an overall expanded equilibrium conformation similar to that in the crystal structure. Upon binding to the DNA substrate, both the polymerase and the nuclease domains adopt more compact overall conformations, but these changes are not enough to bring the two active sites close enough to generate a nick. Reconstruction of the three-dimensional molecular envelope from small angle neutron scattering data shows that in the DNA-bound form, the nuclease domain is lifted up relative to its position in the non-DNA-bound form so as to be in closer contact with the thumb and palm subdomains of the polymerase domain. The results suggest that a form of structure sensing is responsible for the coordination of the polymerase and nuclease activities in nick generation. However, interactions between the polymerase and the nuclease domains can assist in the transfer of the DNA substrate from one active site to the other. C1 NYU, Sch Med, N Shore LIJ Res Inst, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20898 USA. Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Third Wave Technol Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Callaway, DJE (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, N Shore LIJ Res Inst, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. EM dcallawa@nshs.edu; Zimei.Bu@fccc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 G12 RR003048] NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 37 BP 39146 EP 39154 DI 10.1074/jbc.M404565200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 851KN UT WOS:000223684100131 PM 15247286 ER PT J AU Hudson, BS Braden, DA Allis, DG Jenkins, T Baronov, S Middleton, C Withnall, R Brown, CM AF Hudson, BS Braden, DA Allis, DG Jenkins, T Baronov, S Middleton, C Withnall, R Brown, CM TI The crystalline enol of 1,3-cyclohexanedione and its complex with benzene: Vibrational spectra, simulation of structure and dynamics and evidence for cooperative hydrogen bonding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-FOLDING MODELS; BETA-DIKETONE ENOLS; N-METHYLACETAMIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION; O-H; SOLID-STATE; CHAINS; PEPTIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The inelastic incoherent neutron scattering spectra of 1,3-cyclohexanedione (CHD) in its crystalline enol form and its cyclamer complexes with benzene and benzene-d(6) are compared with each other, with IR and Raman spectra and with the results of calculations using density functional theory (DFT). The crystal packing of the CHD enol is a linear hydrogen-bonded chain with conjugated donor and acceptor groups analogous to that found in peptide hydrogen bonding. The benzene complex is a closed hexameric hydrogen-bonded cycle. A DFT treatment is applied to the full hexamer of the benzene complex. The CHD chain is treated as a series of finite linear clusters by DFT, while the infinite one-dimensional chain and the three-dimensional crystal are treated by periodic DFT. Comparison is made with both the observed crystal structures and the vibrational spectra. The very good to excellent agreement of the computed vibrational spectra with experiment demonstrates that the models and computational treatments used are reliable. The theoretical treatment of the linear chain clusters exhibits a continuous change in structure with increasing chain length, converging to values near the observed structure. Emphasis is placed on the cooperative nature of hydrogen bonding in CHD as revealed by these systematic trends. The ability of DFT methods to treat hydrogen bonding in solids appears to be roughly as accurate as the crystal structure determinations. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Schrodinger Inc, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Greenwich, Sch Chem & Life Sci, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, BS (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM bshudson@syr.edu RI Middleton, Chris/A-6365-2008; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Middleton, Chris/0000-0002-3518-9777; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 36 BP 7356 EP 7363 DI 10.1021/jp048613b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 851RT UT WOS:000223703600003 ER PT J AU Nair, S Dimeo, RM Neumann, DA Horsewill, AJ Tsapatsis, M AF Nair, S Dimeo, RM Neumann, DA Horsewill, AJ Tsapatsis, M TI Methyl rotational tunneling dynamics of p-xylene confined in a crystalline zeolite host SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METHANE MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; SYSTEMS; CATIONS; DENSITY; MOTION AB The methyl rotational tunneling spectrum of p-xylene confined in nanoporous zeolite crystals has been measured by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and analyzed to extract the rotational potential energy surfaces characteristic of the methyl groups in the host-guest complex. The number and relative intensities of the tunneling peaks observed by INS indicate the presence of methyl-methyl coupling interactions in addition to the methyl-zeolite interactions. The INS tunneling spectra from the crystals (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with four crystallographically inequivalent methyl rotors) are quantitatively interpreted as a combination of transitions involving two coupled methyl rotors as well as a transition involving single-particle tunneling of a third inequivalent rotor, in a manner consistent with the observed tunneling energies and relative intensities. Together, the crystal structure and the absence of additional peaks in the INS spectra suggest that the tunneling of the fourth inequivalent rotor is strongly hindered and inaccessible to INS measurements. This is verified by proton NMR measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation time which reveal the tunneling characteristics of the fourth inequivalent rotor. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sankar.nair@chbe.gatech.edu RI Horsewill, Anthony/B-6933-2016 OI Horsewill, Anthony/0000-0002-8086-1374 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 10 BP 4810 EP 4819 DI 10.1063/1.1781119 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 848UV UT WOS:000223494500043 PM 15332915 ER PT J AU Bergstrom, RW Pilewskie, P Pommier, J Rabbette, M Russell, PB Schmid, B Redemann, J Higurashi, A Nakajima, T Quinn, PK AF Bergstrom, RW Pilewskie, P Pommier, J Rabbette, M Russell, PB Schmid, B Redemann, J Higurashi, A Nakajima, T Quinn, PK TI Spectral absorption of solar radiation by aerosols during ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE light absorption; single-scattering albedo; ACE-Asia aerosols ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; EAST CHINA SEA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COLUMN CLOSURE; WATER-VAPOR; SAFARI 2000; IN-SITU; VARIABILITY; PARTICLES; DUST AB As part of the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia), the upward and downward spectral solar radiant fluxes were measured with the Spectral Solar Flux Radiometer (SSFR), and the aerosol optical depth was measured with the Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) aboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. In this paper, we examine the data obtained for two cases: a moderately thick aerosol layer, 12 April, and a relatively thin aerosol case, 16 April 2001. On both days, the Twin Otter flew vertical profiles in the Korean Strait southeast of Gosan Island. For both days we determine the aerosol spectral absorption of the layer and estimate the spectral aerosol absorption optical depth and single-scattering albedo. The results for 12 April show that the single-scattering albedo increases with wavelength from 0.8 at 400 nm to 0.95 at 900 nm and remains essentially constant from 950 to 1700 nm. On 16 April the amount of aerosol absorption was very low; however, the aerosol single-scattering albedo appears to decrease slightly with wavelength in the visible region. We interpret these results in light of the two absorbing aerosol species observed during the ACE-Asia study: mineral dust and black carbon. The results for 12 April are indicative of a mineral dust-black carbon mixture. The 16 April results are possibly caused by black carbon mixed with nonabsorbing pollution aerosols. For the 12 April case we attempt to estimate the relative contributions of the black carbon particles and the mineral dust particles. We compare our results with other estimates of the aerosol properties from a Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite analysis and aerosol measurements made aboard the Twin Otter, aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ronald H. Brown ship, and at ground sites in Gosan and Japan. The results indicate a relatively complicated aerosol mixture of both industrial pollution ( including black carbon) and mineral dust. This underscores the need for careful measurements and analysis to separate out the absorption effects of mineral dust and black carbon in the east Asia region. C1 Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bay Area Environm Res Inst, 560 3rd St W, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM bergstrom@baeri.org; ppilewskie@mail.arc.nasa.gov; jpommier@mail.arc.nasa.gov; mrabbette@mail.arc.nasa.gov; philip.b.russell@nasa.gov; bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov; redemann@atmos.ucla.edu; hakiko@nies.go.jp; teruyuki@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov RI Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S15 DI 10.1029/2003JD004467 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854HG UT WOS:000223892500001 ER PT J AU Yamaura, K Huang, QZ Young, DP Takayama-Muromachi, E AF Yamaura, K Huang, QZ Young, DP Takayama-Muromachi, E TI Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the trilayered perovskite Sr4Rh3O10: A new member of the strontium rhodate family SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RHODIUM OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; SR2RHO4; SR2RUO4; SRRUO3 AB The trilayered perovskite Sr4Rh3O10 is reported for the first time. High-pressure and high-temperature heating (6 GPa and 1500 degreesC) brought about successful preparation of a polycrystalline sample of the expected member at n = 3 of Srn+1RhnO3n+1. Neutron-diffraction studies revealed the orthorhombic crystal structure (Pbam) at room temperature and 3.4 K. Local structure distortions rotationally tilt the RhO6 octahedra similar to12degrees in the perovskite-based blocks along the c-axis, and approximately a 20% disorder was found in the sequence of the alternating rotational tilt. The sample was also investigated by measurements of specific heat, thermopower, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity. The data clearly revealed enhanced paramagnetism and electrically conducting character, which reflected the nature of the correlated 4d(5)-electrons of Rh4+. However, no clear signs of magnetic and electrical transitions were observed above 2 K and below 70 kOe, providing a remarkable contrast to the rich electronic phenomena for the significantly relevant ruthenate Sr4Ru3O10. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Superconducting Mat Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Superconducting Mat Ctr, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM YAMAURAK.azunari@nims.go.jp NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3424 EP 3430 DI 10.1021/cm0491072 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852AX UT WOS:000223728700007 ER PT J AU Hernandez, RM Richter, L Semancik, S Stranick, S Mallouk, TE AF Hernandez, RM Richter, L Semancik, S Stranick, S Mallouk, TE TI Template fabrication of protein-functionalized gold-polypyrrole-gold segmented nanowires SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; AVIDIN; FILMS; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; PYRROLE; BIOTIN; ELECTROSYNTHESIS; IMMOBILIZATION AB Gold-capped, protein-modified polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowires were grown electrochemically using porous aluminum oxide as a template. The effects of the conditions of electrochemical synthesis on Ppy growth and protein (avidin or streptavidin) incorporation were studied. Streptavidin-modified nanowires grown at constant potential had better electrochemical properties and equilibrated faster when exposed to fluorescently labeled biotin than did nanowires grown by potential cycling. Solution pH had little effect on protein incorporation; however, higher pH provided slower but more reproducible growth rate of the Ppy segments. The best conditions for synthesis of streptavidin-modified Ppy nanowires were constant potential deposition at 0.75 V vs SCE in a phosphate buffer saline solution at pH 9. This method provides a straightforward route to nanowires of controlled length that can incorporate proteins for use in nanowire-based biosensors or in nanoparticle assembly through biomolecular interactions. C1 Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Mat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mallouk, TE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Mat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tom@chem.psu.edu RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 49 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3431 EP 3438 DI 10.1021/cm0496265 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852AX UT WOS:000223728700008 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B Ho, DL Kline, S AF Hammouda, B Ho, DL Kline, S TI Insight into clustering in poly(ethylene oxide) solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; SOLUTION BEHAVIOR; WATER; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; METHANOL; SYSTEM; MODEL AB The clustering phenomenon has been observed in many macromolecular systems. Poly(ethylene oxide) solutions are characterized by a clustering effect that has been extensively discussed in the literature. Its origin has remained elusive. Using small-angle neutron scattering from PEO solutions in various deuterated solvents, the possible causes of clustering that have been given in the literature are analyzed here. These include impurities in water, possible PEO crystallization, a subtle phase transition whereby a concentrated phase coexists with free polymer coils, hydrogen-bond physical crosslinking, and finally chain ends effect. We have shown that under the experimental conditions considered here (4% PEO weight fraction) the mostly forgotten chain ends effect is at the origin of clustering in poly(ethylene oxide) solutions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 19 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 18 BP 6932 EP 6937 DI 10.1021/ma049623d PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 851IA UT WOS:000223677600041 ER PT J AU Roos, PA Li, XQ Pipis, JA Cundiff, ST AF Roos, PA Li, XQ Pipis, JA Cundiff, ST TI Solid-state carrier-envelope-phase noise measurements with intrinsically balanced detection SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS; PULSES; GENERATION; PHOTOCURRENT; GAAS AB We use interference between single- and two-photon photocurrent generation pathways in a semiconductor to measure the out-of-loop carrier-envelope-phase noise of a stabilized Ti:sapphire modelocked laser. This solid-state measurement technique exhibits no significant amplitude/phase coupling, adds no measurable phase noise compared to the standard self-referencing technique, and requires few optical components. The method features a built-in balanced detection mechanism that is particularly appealing for dc carrier-envelope-phase measurements. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roos@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 6 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 18 BP 4255 EP 4260 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.004255 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 851YV UT WOS:000223723300011 PM 19483971 ER PT J AU Yi, CX Li, RZ Bakwin, PS Desai, A Ricciuto, DM Burns, SP Turnipseed, AA Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Wilson, K Monson, RK AF Yi, CX Li, RZ Bakwin, PS Desai, A Ricciuto, DM Burns, SP Turnipseed, AA Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Wilson, K Monson, RK TI A nonparametric method for separating photosynthesis and respiration components in CO2 flux measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; LONG-TERM; EXCHANGE; FOREST; TEMPERATURE AB Future climate change is expected to affect ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange, particularly through the influence of temperature. To date, however, few studies have shown that differences in the response of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) to temperature among ecosystems can be explained by differences in the photosynthetic and respiratory processes that compose NEE. Using a new nonparametric statistical model, we analyzed data from four forest ecosystems. We observed that differences among forests in their ability to assimilate CO2 as a function of temperature were attributable to consistent differences in the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration. This observation provides empirical validation of efforts to develop models of NEE from the first-principle relationships between photosynthetic and respiratory processes and climate. Our results also showed that models of seasonal dynamics in NEE that lack specific consideration of the temperature dependence of respiration and photosynthesis are likely to carry significant uncertainties. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NCAR Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yi, CX (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yic@colorado.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Li, Runze/C-5444-2013; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Li, Runze/0000-0002-0154-2202; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17107 DI 10.1029/2004GL020490 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854FZ UT WOS:000223888400004 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Monbouquette, HG Schroder, I Robinson, H Holden, MJ Smith, NN AF Gallagher, DT Monbouquette, HG Schroder, I Robinson, H Holden, MJ Smith, NN TI Structure of alanine dehydrogenase from Archaeoglobus: Active site analysis and relation to bacterial cyclodeaminases and mammalian mu crystallin SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperthermophile; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Rossmann-fold ID GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ORNITHINE CYCLODEAMINASE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; LENS CRYSTALLINS; COMPLETE GENOME; PURIFICATION; FULGIDUS; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM; STABILITY AB The hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus contains an L-Ala dehydrogenase (AlaDH, EC 1.4.1.1) that is not homologous to known bacterial dehydrogenases and appears to represent a previously unrecognized archaeal group of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. The gene (Genbank AAB89583; TIGR AF1665) was annotated initially as an ornithine cyclodeaminase (OCD) on the basis of strong homology with the mu crystallin/OCD protein family. We report the structure of the NAD-bound AF1665 AlaDH (AF-AlaDH) at 2.3 Angstrom in a C2 crystal form with the 70 kDa. dimer in the asymmetric unit, as the first structural representative of this family Consistent with its lack of homology to bacterial AlaDH proteins, which are mostly hexameric, the archaeal dimer has a novel structure. Although both types of AlaDH enzyme include a Rossmann-type NAD-binding domain, the arrangement of strands in the C-terminal half of this domain is novel, and the other (catalytic) domain in the archaeal protein has a new fold. The active site presents a cluster of conserved Arg and Lys side-chains over the pro-R face of the cofactor. In addition, the best ordered of the 338 water molecules in the structure is positioned well for mechanistic interaction. The overall structure and active site are compared with other dehydrogenases, including the AlaDH from Phormidium lapideum. Implications for the catalytic mechanism and for the structures of homologs are considered. The archaeal AlaDH represents an ancient and previously undescribed subclass of Rossmann-fold proteins that includes bacterial ornithine and lysine cyclodeaminases, marsupial lens proteins and, in man, a thyroid hormone-binding protein that exhibits 30% sequence identity with AF1665. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM travis.gallagher@nist.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 342 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.090 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 849YY UT WOS:000223578800010 PM 15313611 ER PT J AU Davis, RD Bur, AJ McBrearty, M Lee, YH Gilman, JW Start, PR AF Davis, RD Bur, AJ McBrearty, M Lee, YH Gilman, JW Start, PR TI Dielectric spectroscopy during extrusion processing of polymer nanocomposites: a high throughput processing/characterization method to measure layered silicate content and exfoliation SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE dielectric spectroscopy; extrusion; nanocomposite ID INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; RELAXATION AB Dielectric spectroscopy was conducted during extrusion processing of polyamide-6 (PA6) and layered silicate/polyamide-6 nanocomposites. Dielectric dispersion parameters were identified that appear sensitive to layered silicate concentration and degree of exfoliation. Specific to measuring layered silicate concentration is that the Maxwell-Wagner strength of dispersion, Deltaepsilon(mw) increases linearly with the % mass fraction layered silicate content. This relationship is independent of exfoliation resulting in nanomorphology-averaged Aepsilon(mw) values that reflect layered silicate concentration; i.e. 12,800 +/- 519 indicates 1.29% mass fraction of a layered silicate in PA6. The nanomorphology is primarily reflected in the Maxwell-Wagner characteristic relaxation frequency value, f(mw), where, for example, 80.4 +/- 5 Hz indicates a mixed intercalated/exfoliated nanomorphology. However, following the nanomorphology with thefts value can in some cases be complicated because different nanomorphologies can yield the same f(mw) value. In these cases we have found that there is a significant difference in the conductive resistance and segmental mobility of these polymers, as indicated by the sigma(DC) and f(alpha) values. For example, the intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites have a f(mw) value of about 5.1 Hz, but the exfoliated nanocomposites have sigma(Dc) and f(alpha) values that are much larger than determined for the intercalated nanocomposites. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Prod Grp, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Characterizat Grp, Div Polymer, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chem Electrophys Corp, Hockessin, DE 19707 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Prod Grp, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 19 BP 6487 EP 6493 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.07.047 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 851OK UT WOS:000223694200009 ER PT J AU Wang, WJ Kharchenko, S Migler, K Zhu, SP AF Wang, WJ Kharchenko, S Migler, K Zhu, SP TI Triple-detector GPC characterization and processing behavior of long-chain-branched polyethylene prepared by solution polymerization with constrained geometry catalyst SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyethylene (PE); long chain branching; gel permeation chromatography characterization ID LASER-LIGHT SCATTERING; METALLOCENE CATALYST; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; DENSITY POLYETHYLENES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ETHYLENE; POLYOLEFINS; COPOLYMERS; MELTS; ARCHITECTURE AB Fourteen long-chain branched (LCB) polyethylene (PE) samples were prepared by a constrained geometry catalyst. The PE samples had average branching frequencies of 0.06-0.98 branches per polymer chain, as determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-13 NMR). These samples, as well as five linear PEs were characterized using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled with online three-angle laser light scattering (LS), differential refractive index (DRI), and viscosity (CV) detectors. The root mean-square radius of gyration (r(g)(2)(1/2)), intrinsic viscosity ([eta]), and molecular mass (M) of the PEs were measured for each elution fraction. Based on the comparison of the long-chain branching (LCB) PEs with their linear counterparts and the Zimm-Stockmayer equation, the distributions of long-chain branch frequency (LCBF) and density (LCBD) as function of molecular mass were estimated. It was found that although the LCBF increased with the increase of molecular mass, the LCBD showed a maximum value in the medium molecular mass range for most of the PE samples. The average LCBD data from the GPC analysis were in good agreement with the 1 3 C NMR measurements. The rheological properties and processing behavior of these samples were also assessed. While the long chain branching showed significant effects on the modulus and viscosity, it did not improve the processing. Compared to linear PE, polymer melt flow instabilities such as sharkskin, stick-slip and gross melt fracture developed in extrusion of LCB PEs occur-red at lower wall shear stresses and apparent shear rates. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migler, K (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. EM Kalman.migler@nist.gov; zhuship@mcmaster.ca RI Zhu, Shiping/C-3754-2012 OI Zhu, Shiping/0000-0001-8551-0859 NR 44 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 19 BP 6495 EP 6505 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.07.035 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 851OK UT WOS:000223694200010 ER PT J AU Sung, LP Vicini, S Ho, DL Hedhli, L Olmstead, C Wood, KA AF Sung, LP Vicini, S Ho, DL Hedhli, L Olmstead, C Wood, KA TI Effect of microstructure of fluorinated acrylic coatings on UV degradation testing SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE fluoropolymer; neutron scattering; UV degradation ID FLUOROPOLYMER COATINGS; BLENDS AB This paper presents research results on the relationships between the microstructure and the performance/weatherability of fluoropolymer/acrylic coatings. We studied fluoropolymer/acrylic blends of identical composition, prepared as films using three different methods: 2-stage emulsion polymerization followed by latex film formation; cold-blending (physically mixing) acrylic and fluoropolymer latex dispersions followed by latex film formation; and solution casting using an organic solvent. We investigated the effects of the mixing method, and the level of acrylic in the blend on the microstructure/morphology and on the durability-related physical properties of the fluoropolymer/acrylic films. Small angle neutron scattering was performed to determine the microstructure/morphology of fluoropolymer-rich micro-domains in the coatings prepared using these three methods. The physical properties tested included the glass transition temperature, the crystallinity fraction, and the tensile strength. The mass loss rates observed during UV exposure testing correlate with the final microstructures of the films. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Atofina Chem Inc, R&D Ctr, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI vicini, silvia/F-3828-2012 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 19 BP 6639 EP 6646 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.063 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 851OK UT WOS:000223694200026 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Foley, DG Schwing, FB Wilson, C Laurs, RM Polovina, JJ Howell, EA Brainard, RE AF Bograd, SJ Foley, DG Schwing, FB Wilson, C Laurs, RM Polovina, JJ Howell, EA Brainard, RE TI On the seasonal and interannual migrations of the transition zone chlorophyll front SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; WIND STRESS; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SHIFTS; MODEL; GYRE AB High-resolution satellite measurements of ocean color and surface winds, along with historical in situ data, are used to explore interannual variability in the annual migration of the transition zone chlorophyll front (TZCF) in the central North Pacific Ocean. Significant variations in frontal position and annual range were observed, including a significant southerly displacement during El Nino events. This displacement, apparently forced by enhanced surface convergence and vertical mixing in the transition zone, creates vast regions of anomalously high wintertime surface chlorophyll in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. A remarkably close correspondence between the positions of the TZCF and the 18degreesC surface isotherm over a portion of the central North Pacific allows historical temperature data to be used as a proxy for TZCF position. This surface temperature proxy has revealed decadal-scale variability in frontal position, with greater (lesser) annual range and southerly extent following the large-scale 1976-77 (1998-99) climate shifts. Interannual variations in TZCF position could have important implications for the distribution and survival of a number of apex predators that utilize the TZCF as a migratory and foraging habitat. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM sbograd@pfeg.noaa.gov RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 19 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17204 DI 10.1029/2004GL020637 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854FX UT WOS:000223888200003 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, ME TI Vibrational and electronic spectra of neutral and ionic combustion reaction intermediates trapped in rare-gas matrixes SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID POLYATOMIC TRANSIENT MOLECULES; FREQUENCY LASER SPECTROSCOPY; I PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROCARBON FLAME BANDS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; SOLID NEON; FORMIC-ACID; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA AB The infrared absorptions of neutral and ionic molecules trapped in solid rare-gas matrixes lie close to the gas-phase band centers, and perturbations in valence electronic transitions are relatively small. Since molecular diffusion through rare-gas solids is inhibited, matrix isolation studies provide a valuable tool for obtaining the infrared and visible-ultraviolet spectra of combustion reaction intermediates. The results of studies of the spectra of HCO, trans-HOCO, HCC, C-2(-), CO2+, CO2-, C2H2+, C3H4+, HCOOH+, HOCO+, and HCO2- summarized in this Account illustrate the importance of supplementing familiar generalizations with experimental observations. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 37 IS 9 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1021/ar030088w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 855XR UT WOS:000224008700010 PM 15379588 ER PT J AU Hodes, M Griffith, P Smith, KA Hurst, WS Bowers, WJ Sako, K AF Hodes, M Griffith, P Smith, KA Hurst, WS Bowers, WJ Sako, K TI Salt solubility and deposition in high temperature and pressure aqueous solutions SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE deposition rate; supercritical water oxidation (SCWO); hot finger; natural convection; solubility ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION; SCALE CONTROL; PRECIPITATION; PART; FLOW AB Solubility and deposition rate experiments were performed in aqueous sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures typical of the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process. The test cell was a six-port chamber in the form of a modified 1.91 cm (3/4 in.) diameter Swagelok cross with an internally heated cylinder (hot finger) mounted in its center. Solubilities were acquired by maintaining the surface temperature of the hot finger about 10degreesC above the gradually increasing bulk temperature of the solution flowing by it until salt precipitated on the hot finger. Solubility temperatures for sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate in water were measured for salt concentrations of up to 10% mass fraction. In the deposition rate experiments, the solution flowing past the hot finger was preheated to a temperature close to the solubility temperature and the salt layer-solution interface formed on the hot finger was maintained slightly above the solubility temperature to drive deposition. Deposition rates from SCWO streams containing up to 8% mass fraction salt were obtained by measuring the mass of the salt deposited on the hot finger after each (6 to 12 min) run. Solubility data are compared to those from other studies and a simple deposition rate model is developed and compared with the deposition rate data. Natural convection dominated transport and the system pressure was 25 MPa at all conditions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Asahi Kasei Corp, Anal & Simulat Ctr, Shizuoka 4168501, Japan. RP Hodes, M (reprint author), Bell Labs, Rm 1C-642,600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM Hodes@lucent.com NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2038 EP 2049 DI 10.1002/aic.10238 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 849EH UT WOS:000223521000004 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Murray, JR Heien, MLAV Locascio, LE Wightman, RM AF Forry, SP Murray, JR Heien, MLAV Locascio, LE Wightman, RM TI Probing electric fields inside microfluidic channels during electroosmotic flow with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; DEVICE AB Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used in microfluidic channels. This method offers the advantage that it can resolve electroactive species not separated in the channel. In addition, this method provides a route to investigate the distribution of applied electrophoretic fields in microfluidic channels. To probe this, microelectrodes were inserted at various distances into channels and cyclic voltammograms recorded at 300 V/s were repeated at 0.1-s intervals. The use of a battery-powered laptop computer and potentiostat provided galvanic isolation between the applied electrophoretic field and the electrochemical measurements. In the absence of an external field, the peak potential for oxidation of the test solute, Ru(bPY)(3)(2+), was virtually unaltered by insertion of the microelectrode tip into the channel. When an electrophoretic field was applied, the peak potential for Ru(bPY)(3)(2+) oxidation shifted to more positive potentials in a manner that was directly proportional to the field in the channel. The shifts in peak potential observed with FSCV enabled direct compensation of the applied electrochemical potential. This approach was used to explore the electrophoretic field at the channel terminus. It was found to persist for more than 50mum from the channel terminus. In addition, the degree of analyte dispersion was found to depend critically on the electrode position outside the channel. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wightman, RM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM rmw@enc.edu RI Heien, Michael/A-4731-2009 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 17 BP 4945 EP 4950 DI 10.1021/ac049591s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 852CS UT WOS:000223733400023 PM 15373427 ER PT J AU Tai, SSC Bunk, DM White, EV Welch, MJ AF Tai, SSC Bunk, DM White, EV Welch, MJ TI Development and evaluation of a reference measurement procedure for the determination of total 3,3 ',5-trilodothyronine in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; THYROXINE; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important diagnostic marker for thyroid function. A reference measurement procedure (RMP) for total T3 in serum involving isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and critically evaluated. The method uses solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode retention mechanisms of reversed phase and ion exchange prior to reversed-phase LC/MS/MS. In addition to a labeled T3 internal standard (T3-C-13(9)), labeled thyroxine (T4-d(5)) is also added to serum samples in order to monitor the degradation of T4 to T3. The accuracy of the measurement was evaluated by a recovery study for added T3 and was supported by a comparison study with the other RMP. The recovery of the added T3 ranged from 98.9% to 99.4%. The results of this method and the other RMP agreed to within 1%. Samples of frozen serum pools were prepared and measured in three separate sets. Excellent reproducibility was obtained with within-set coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 0.8% to 1.6% and between-set CVs ranging from 1.9% to 2.6%. Excellent linearity was also obtained with correlation coefficients of all linear regression lines (measured intensity ratios vs mass ratios) ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9996. The detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to3 was 1 pg of T3. The T4 degradation during sample preparation was minimized to a small percentage (no more than 3% of the T3 values) by use of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol, citric acid) and can be accounted for in the T3 measurement process. This well-characterized LC/MS/MS method for total serum T3, which demonstrates good accuracy and precision, low susceptibility to interferences, accountability of the conversion of T4 to T3, and comparability with the other RMP, qualifies as a reference measurement procedure and can be used to provide an accuracy base to which routine methods for T3 can be compared. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.tai@nist.gov NR 9 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 17 BP 5092 EP 5096 DI 10.1021/ac049516h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 852CS UT WOS:000223733400043 PM 15373447 ER PT J AU Zinn-Justin, J Jentschura, UD AF Zinn-Justin, J Jentschura, UD TI Multi-instantons and exact results I: conjectures, WKB expansions, and instanton interactions SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE general properties of perturbation theory; asymptotic problems and properties ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATOR AB We consider specific quantum mechanical model problems for which perturbation theory fails to explain physical properties like the eigenvalue spectrum even qualitatively, even if the asymptotic perturbation series is augmented by resummation prescriptions to "cure" the divergence in large orders of perturbation theory. Generalizations of perturbation theory are necessary, which include instanton configurations, characterized by non-analytic factors exp(-a/g) where a is a constant and g is the coupling. In the case of one-dimensional. quantum mechanical potentials with two or more degenerate minima, the energy levels may be represented as an infinite sum of terms each of which involves a certain power of it non-analytic factor and represents itself an infinite divergent series. We attempt to provide a unified representation or related derivations previously found scattered in the literature. For the considered quantum mechanical problems, we discuss the derivation of the instanton contributions from a semi-classical calculation of the corresponding partition function in the path integral formalism. We also explain the relation with the corresponding WKB expansion of the solutions of the Schrodinger equation, or alternatively of the Fredholm determinant det(H - E) (and some explicit calculations that verify this correspondence). We finally recall how these conjectures naturally emerge from a leading-order summation of multi-instanton contributions to the path integral representation of the partition function. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 07, Inst Math Jussieu Chevaleret, Paris, France. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zinn-Justin, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM zinn@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 30 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 313 IS 1 BP 197 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2004.04.004 PG 71 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848XL UT WOS:000223501300008 ER PT J AU Colburn, NT Wang, F Tuan, R AF Colburn, NT Wang, F Tuan, R TI An innate response to fracture injury by gamma delta T-cells. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000066 ER PT J AU Atkinson, R Baulch, DL Cox, RA Crowley, JN Hampson, RF Hynes, RG Jenkin, ME Rossi, MJ Troe, J AF Atkinson, R Baulch, DL Cox, RA Crowley, JN Hampson, RF Hynes, RG Jenkin, ME Rossi, MJ Troe, J TI Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I - gas phase reactions of O-x, HOx, NOx and SOx species SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOLYSIS-RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; BAND OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE; SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; O(D-1) QUANTUM YIELDS; TEMPERATURE-JUMP MEASUREMENTS AB This article, the first in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of O-x, HOx, NOx and SOx species, which were last published in 1997, and were updated on the IUPAC website in late 2001. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and five appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EP, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIRO Energy Technol, Lucas Hts Sci & Technol Ctr, Bangor, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC, LPAS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Cox, RA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EP, England. EM rac26@cam.ac.uk RI ROSSI, Michel J./C-7878-2013 OI ROSSI, Michel J./0000-0003-3504-695X NR 896 TC 756 Z9 776 U1 33 U2 204 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1461 EP 1738 PG 278 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851BT UT WOS:000223661100003 ER PT J AU Gillette, DA Lawson, RE Thompson, RS AF Gillette, DA Lawson, RE Thompson, RS TI A "test of concept" comparison of aerodynamic and mechanical resuspension mechanisms for particles deposited on field rye grass (Secale cercele). Part 1. Relative particle flux rates SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE resuspension; aerosol; grass; wind-tunnel; aerodynamic ID WIND-TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS; BOUNCEOFF; FLOW AB Resuspension of uniform latex micro spheres deposited on a single seed pod of field rye grass stalk and head was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. The experiment was designed to distinguish aerodynamic (viscous and turbulent) mechanisms from mechanical resuspension resulting from the oscillatory impact of the grass hitting a stationary object. The experiment was run for deposited spherical latex particles with diameters from 2 to 10 mum. Wind tunnel tests were run for wind speeds from 2 to 18.5 m s(-1) and a turbulence intensity (root-mean-square fluctuation wind speed/mean wind speed) of 0.1. Our experiments showed the following for our test of concept experiment: Resuspension particle flux increases when mechanical impacts occur. Mechanical resuspension dominated for 2 mum particles over purely aerodynamic resuspension, but for larger particles aerodynamic mechanisms were roughly equally effective in resuspending particles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Lab, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gillette, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Lab, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, MD 81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gillette.dale@epa.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 28 BP 4789 EP 4797 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.070 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847XX UT WOS:000223432500017 ER PT J AU Gillette, DA Lawson, RE Thompson, RS AF Gillette, DA Lawson, RE Thompson, RS TI A "test of concept" comparison of aerodynamic and mechanical resuspension mechanisms for particles deposited on field rye grass (Secale cercele). Part 2. Threshold mechanical energies for resuspension particle fluxes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE resuspension; aerosol; grass; wind-tunnel; aerodynamic AB Kinetic energy from the oscillatory impacts of the grass stalk against a stationary object was measured with a kinetic energy measuring device. These energy inputs were measured as part of a resuspension experiment of uniform latex microspheres deposited on a single rye grass seed pod in a wind tunnel. The experiment was designed to measure resuspension from aerodynamic (viscous and turbulent) mechanisms compared to that from mechanisms from mechanical resuspension resulting from the oscillatory impact of the grass hitting a stationary object. The experiment was run for deposited spherical latex particles with diameters from 2 to 8.1 mum. Wind tunnel tests were run for wind speeds from 2 to 18.5 m s(-1) and a turbulence intensity (root-mean-square fluctuation wind speed/mean wind speed) of 0.1. Our experiments showed the following: Threshold mechanical energy input rates increased from 0.04 to 0.2 muJ s(-1) for resuspension of spherical polystyrene latex particles from 2 to 8.1 mum diameter. Kinetic energy flux generated by mechanical impact of the wind-driven oscillating grass was found to be highly sensitive to slightly different placements and grass morphology. The kinetic energy input by impaction of the grass against a stationary cylinder is roughly proportional to the kinetic energy flux of the wind. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Lab, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gillette, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Lab, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, MD 81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gillette.dale@epa.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 28 BP 4799 EP 4803 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.071 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847XX UT WOS:000223432500018 ER PT J AU Fulton, MH Scott, GI DeLorenzo, ME Key, PB Bearden, DW Strozier, ED Madden, CJ AF Fulton, MH Scott, GI DeLorenzo, ME Key, PB Bearden, DW Strozier, ED Madden, CJ TI Surface water pesticide movement from the Dade County agricultural area to the Everglades and Florida Bay via the C-111 canal SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; ATRAZINE C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Res Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. RP Fulton, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 73 IS 3 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0461-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856EE UT WOS:000224027700014 PM 15386175 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Buja, KR Christensen, JD Kruer, CR Monaco, ME AF Kendall, MS Buja, KR Christensen, JD Kruer, CR Monaco, ME TI The seascape approach to coral ecosystem mapping: An integral component of understanding the habitat utilization patterns of reef fish SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Back Reef Habitats - Ecological Analysis and Characterization CY DEC, 2001 CL Lee Stocking Isl, BAHAMAS ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GRUNTS; FRENCH; BAY AB Benthic maps provide the fundamental analytical framework to design reef-monitoring programs, organize spatial data, and to conduct spatially-explicit assessments of various components of the reef ecosystem. To meet the need for benthic maps, novel software that emphasizes simplicity but maintains capability in the mapping process was developed to delineate benthic features directly into a Geographic Information System. The software expedites mapping relative to more commonly used mapping techniques while maintaining excellent thematic and spatial accuracies. A hierarchical classification scheme was used in which the major bottom types were unconsolidated sediment, coral reef and hard bottom, and submerged vegetation. Mapping in the U.S. Virgin Islands covered 23.9 km(2) of unconsolidated sediment, 160.5 km(2) of submerged vegetation, and 298.7 km(2) of coral reef and hard bottom. Mapped features were also given a location attribute such as back reef or fore reef according to their position relative to the shoreline and lagoon-forming reefs. There were large differences in spatial extent among zones such as lagoon and back reef (22.9 km(2), 4.7% of the total area) and bank/shelf (433.9 km(2), 88% of the total area). Thematic accuracy of maps produced using the new approach was measured by comparing ground survey data to map attributes and was similar to the accuracy of maps produced with an analytical stereo plotter. Recent literature indicates that analysis of fish census data in concert with such benthic maps can be used to more clearly evaluate fish distributions relative to analysis of census data without a seascape framework. C1 Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Program, N-SCI-1,1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 866TE UT WOS:000224795300005 ER PT J AU Strong, AE Liu, G Meyer, J Hendee, JC Sasko, D AF Strong, AE Liu, G Meyer, J Hendee, JC Sasko, D TI Coral reef Watch 2002 SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Back Reef Habitats - Ecological Analysis and Characterization CY DEC, 2001 CL Lee Stocking Isl, BAHAMAS ID FLORIDA-KEYS AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's new Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program, led out of its National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) and Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) offices will strive to fully utilize NOAA coral resources to monitor and predict changes in coral reef ecosystems worldwide. CRW inaugurated its first Coral Reef Early Warning System (CREWS) station in 2001 at "Rainbow Gardens," Lee Stocking Island, Great Exuma, Bahamas, with the installation of its first of 20 new in situ monitoring stations slated for many domestic reefs during this decade. A major objective is to discern the relationship between the magnitude and persistence of anomalously high sea surface temperatures in coral reef areas and coral reef bleaching and mortality. By coordinating both in situ point observations with the overview provided through satellite imagery this program is designed to actively support coral reef managers and researchers through near real-time Web-access to coral reef environmental data and coral bleaching alerts. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORAD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Perry Inst Marine Sci, Caribbean Marine Res Ctr, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. RP Strong, AE (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORAD, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov RI Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; NR 12 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 866TE UT WOS:000224795300007 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Daniel, JS AF Solomon, S Daniel, JS TI Lewis and Clark - Pioneering meteorological observers in the American west SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTIONS; TEMPERATURE AB The technical achievements of Lewis and Clark have been celebrated in fields ranging from cartography to zoology. As America commemorates the bicentennial of their historic journey across the continent, this paper shows that their meteorological data and personal weather-related observations also are worthy of celebration. While the primary goal of the mission, as described by then-President Jefferson to the Congress, was economic and strategic, both Jefferson and cocaptains Lewis and Clark showed an interest in and capacity for scientific understanding of the meteorology of the then-unknown West. The seasonal evolution and variability of temperatures recorded for the first time by Lewis and Clark on the High Plains can now be shown to be quite close to average, thanks to many decades of collection of modern data by the U.S. Cooperative Observer Network stations along their route. While the diets, lives, and experiences of these early explorers and their men were profoundly different from those of modern Americans, the climate that they documented for the first time with care and accuracy remains familiar to us today. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susan.solomon@noaa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1273 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-9-1273 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857RE UT WOS:000224135200011 ER PT J AU Tjernstrom, M Leck, C Persson, POG Jensen, ML Oncley, SP Targino, A AF Tjernstrom, M Leck, C Persson, POG Jensen, ML Oncley, SP Targino, A TI The summertime Arctic atmosphere - Meteorological measurements during the Arctic Ocean experiment 2001 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; SEA-ICE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SUDDEN CHANGES; ANNUAL CYCLE; AEROSOL; SHEBA; CLOUD; MODELS AB An atmospheric boundary layer experiment into the high Arctic was carried out on the Swedish icebreaker Oden during the summer of 2001, with the primary boundary layer observations obtained while the icebreaker drifted with the ice near 89degreesN during 3 weeks in August. The purposes of the experiment were to gain an understanding of atmospheric boundary layer structure and transient mixing mechanisms, in addition to their relationships to boundary layer clouds and aerosol production. Using a combination of in situ and remote sensing instruments, with temporal and spatial resolutions previously not deployed in the Arctic, continuous measurements of the lower-troposphere structure and boundary layer turbulence were taken concurrently with atmospheric gas and particulate chemistry, and marine biology measurements. The boundary layer was strongly controlled by ice thermodynamics and local turbulent mixing. Near-surface temperatures mostly remained between near the melting points of the sea- and freshwater, and near-surface relative humidity was high. Low clouds prevailed and fog appeared frequently. Visibility outside of fog was surprisingly good even with very low clouds, probably due to a lack of aerosol particles preventing the formation of haze. The boundary layer was shallow but remained well mixed, capped by an occasionally very strong inversion. Specific humidity often increased with height across the capping inversion. In contrast to the boundary layer, the free troposphere often retained its characteristics from well beyond the Arctic. Elevated intrusions of warm, moist air from open seas to the south were frequent. The picture that the Arctic atmosphere is less affected by transport from lower latitudes in summer than the winter may, thus, be an artifact of analyzing only surface measurements. The transport of air from lower latitudes at heights above the boundary layer has a major impact on the Arctic boundary layer, even very close to the North Pole. During a few week-long periods synoptic-scale weather systems appeared, while weaker and shallower mesoscale fronts were frequent. While frontal passages changed the properties of the free troposphere, changes in the boundary layer were more determined by local effects that often led to changes contrary to those aloft. For example, increasing winds associated with a cold front often led to a warming of the near-surface air by mixing and entrainment. C1 Univ Stockholm, Arrhenius Lab, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Univ Stockholm, Arrhenius Lab, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM michaelt@misu.su.se RI Targino, Admir Creso/A-8403-2013; OI Targino, Admir Creso/0000-0001-6679-6150; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1321 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-9-1305 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857RE UT WOS:000224135200013 ER PT J AU Etnier, MA AF Etnier, MA TI Reevaluating evidence of density-dependent growth in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) based on measurements of archived skeletal specimens SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BERING SEA; PACIFIC; PINNIPEDS; CURVE; OCEAN; MODEL; SIZE; PUPS; AGE AB Analysis of length-at-age measurements of archived skeletal material shows that somatic growth rates of male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) vary inversely with population density. Von Bertalanffy growth curves were estimated for two series of known-age mandibles collected 1911-1920 (n = 156) and 1940-1953 (n = 151), time periods representing the historic population minimum and maximum, respectively. Mandibles from the former time period are larger than mandibles from the latter time period, suggesting a density-dependent response in somatic growth. Although density-dependent growth in northern fur seals has been suggested before, previous studies have been hampered by the potentially confounding factors of fisheries interactions, variable environmental conditions, and harvest of adult female northern fur seals. The material analyzed here pre-dates the substantial development of the Bering Sea groundfish fishery and the period of heaviest culling of females. Likewise, the two time periods examined are characterized by broadly similar climatic and environmental conditions. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that measurements of somatic growth rates provide an index of population levels relative to carrying capacity. Growth rate studies could therefore be used to evaluate the current population status of northern fur seals. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Etnier, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM metnier@u.washington.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 9 BP 1616 EP 1626 DI 10.1139/F04-090 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 875SK UT WOS:000225441800007 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, HJ Hudson, ER Bochinski, JR Ye, J AF Lewandowski, HJ Hudson, ER Bochinski, JR Ye, J TI A pulsed, low-temperature beam of supersonically cooled free radical OH molecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An improved system for creating a pulsed, low-temperature molecular beam of hydroxyl radical (OH) radicals has been developed. We use a pulsed discharge to create OH from H2O seeded in Xe during a supersonic expansion, where the high-voltage pulse duration is significantly shorter than the width of the gas pulse. The pulsed discharge allows for control of the mean speed of the molecular packet as well as maintains a low temperature supersonic expansion. A hot filament is placed in the source chamber to initiate the discharge for shorter durations and at lower voltages, resulting in a translationally and rotationally colder packet of OH molecules. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lewandowski, HJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Campus Box 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lewandoh@jilaul.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 395 IS 1-3 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.050 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 851VT UT WOS:000223714800010 ER PT J AU Vorob'eva, AN Rybin, VG Zarembo, EV Boltenkov, EV Verbitskii, GA AF Vorob'eva, AN Rybin, VG Zarembo, EV Boltenkov, EV Verbitskii, GA TI Phytoecdysteroids from Serratula komarovii SO CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Serratula komarovii; Asteraceae; integristerone A; 20-hydroxyecdysone; 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone; alpha-ecdysone; HPLC ID PLANTS AB Integristerone A and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone were observed for the first time in the aerial and subterrean organs of the eastern Asian plant Serratula komarovii Iljin. alpha-Ecdysone was not found in the plants. The dynamics of phytoecdysteroid content (integristerone A, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone) in the vegetative and generative organs of this species were investigated. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Bioorgan Chem, Far E Div, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Pacific Fisheries Sci Res Ctr, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. Far E State Unit, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. RP Vorob'eva, AN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Bioorgan Chem, Far E Div, Pr 100 Letiya Vladivostoku,159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. EM sparrowaj@mail.ru; vgrybin@tinro.ru NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-3130 J9 CHEM NAT COMPD+ JI Chem. Nat. Compd. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 492 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s10600-005-0018-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 897TH UT WOS:000227027600018 ER PT J AU Stouffer, RJ Weaver, AJ Eby, M AF Stouffer, RJ Weaver, AJ Eby, M TI A method for obtaining pre-twentieth century initial conditions for use in climate change studies SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB A method is proposed to initialise coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) developed to study climate change on multi-century time scales. The method assumes that current generation AOGCMs are developed and evaluated using present-day radiative forcing and near present day oceanic initial conditions. To find pre-twentieth century initial conditions, we propose that the radiative forcing be run backwards in time from the present to the desired starting date. The model should then be run for 3-5 centuries with the radiative forcing held constant at the desired date. In our tests, instantaneously switching to pre-twentieth century radiative forcing did not save computational time. When a sufficiently stable pre-twentieth century condition is achieved, the coupled system can be integrated forward to the present and into the future. This method is a first step toward the standardization of AOGCM initialization and suggests a framework for AOGCM initialization for the first time. It provides an internally consistent set of pre-twentieth century initial conditions, although they will vary from model to model. Furthermore, it is likely that this method will yield a fairly realistic present-day climate in transient climate change experiments of the twentieth century, if the model biases are not too large. The main disadvantage of the method is that it is fairly computationally expensive in that it requires an additional 4-6 centuries of model integration before starting historical twentieth century integrations. However, the relative cost of this technique diminishes as more simulations are conducted using the oceanic initial condition obtained using our method. C1 Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Stouffer, RJ (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Ronald.stoufer@NOAA.govo3062 RI Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011; Eby, Michael/H-5278-2013 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0446-5 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859NF UT WOS:000224274500006 ER PT J AU Hurrell, JW Hoerling, MP Phillips, AS Xu, T AF Hurrell, JW Hoerling, MP Phillips, AS Xu, T TI Twentieth century North Atlantic climate change. Part 1: assessing determinism SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WINTER CLIMATE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE; OZONE DEPLETION; GREENHOUSE-GAS AB Boreal winter North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is well described by a trend in the leading spatial structure of variability, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Through diagnoses of ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, we demonstrate that this climate change is a response to the temporal history of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Specifically, 58 of 67 multi-model ensemble members (87%), forced with observed global SSTs since 1950, simulate a positive trend in a winter index of the NAO, and the spatial pattern of the multi-model ensemble mean trend agrees with that observed. An ensemble of AGCM simulations with only tropical SST forcing further suggests that variations in these SSTs are of primary importance. The probability distribution function (PDF) of 50-year NAO index trends from the forced simulations are, moreover, appreciably different from the PDF of a control simulation with no interannual SST variability, although chaotic atmospheric variations are shown to yield substantial 50-year trends. Our results thus advance the view that the observed linear trend in the winter NAO index is a combination of a strong tropically forced signal and an appreciable "noise" component of the same phase. The changes in tropical rainfall of greatest relevance include increased rainfall over the equatorial Indian Ocean, a change that has likely occurred in nature and is physically consistent with the observed, significant warming trend of the underlying sea surface. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jhurrell@ucar.edu NR 97 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0432-y PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859NF UT WOS:000224274500009 ER PT J AU Hoerling, MP Hurrell, JW Xu, T Bates, GT Phillips, AS AF Hoerling, MP Hurrell, JW Xu, T Bates, GT Phillips, AS TI Twentieth century North Atlantic climate change. Part II: Understanding the effect of Indian Ocean warming SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ZONAL INDEX; MODEL; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TRENDS AB Ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are used in an effort to understand the boreal winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical climate response to the observed warming of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the last half of the twentieth Century. Specifically, we inquire about the origins of unusual, if not unprecedented, changes in the wintertime North Atlantic and European climate that are well described by a linear trend in most indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The simulated NH atmospheric response to the linear trend component of tropic-wide SST change since 1950 projects strongly onto the positive polarity of the NAO and is a hemispheric pattern distinguished by decreased (increased) Arctic (middle latitude) sea level pressure. Progressive warming of the Indian Ocean is the principal contributor to this wintertime extratropical response, as shown through additional AGCM ensembles forced with only the SST trend in that sector. The Indian Ocean influence is further established through the reproducibility of results across three different models forced with identical, idealized patterns of the observed warming. Examination of the transient atmospheric adjustment to a sudden "switch-on" of an Indian Ocean SST anomaly reveals that the North Atlantic response is not consistent with linear theory and most likely involves synoptic eddy feedbacks associated with changes in the North Atlantic storm track. The tropical SST control exerted over twentieth century regional climate underlies the importance of determining the future course of tropical SST for regional climate change and its uncertainty. Better understanding of the extratropical responses to different, plausible trajectories of the tropical oceans is key to such efforts. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hoerling, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 144 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0433-x PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859NF UT WOS:000224274500010 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Dietz, JB Berkelmans, R Andrefouet, S Skirving, W Strong, AE Tuttle, BT AF Elvidge, CD Dietz, JB Berkelmans, R Andrefouet, S Skirving, W Strong, AE Tuttle, BT TI Satellite observation of Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef) 2002 coral bleaching using IKONOS data (vol 23, pg 123, 2004) SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Correction C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. CRC Reef Res Ctr, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 461 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00338-004-0418-6 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859FW UT WOS:000224249800020 ER PT J AU Veselovsky, IS Panasyuk, MI Avdyushin, SI Bazilevskaya, GA Belov, AV Bogachev, SA Bogod, VM Bogomolov, AV Bothmer, V Boyarchuk, KA Vashenyuk, EV Vlasov, VI Gnezdilov, AA Gorgutsa, RV Grechnev, VV Denisov, YI Dmitriev, AV Dryer, M Yermolaev, YI Eroshenko, EA Zherebtsov, GA Zhitnik, IA Zhukov, AN Zastenker, GN Zelenyi, LM Zeldovich, MA Ivanov-Kholodnyi, GS Ignat'ev, AP Ishkov, VN Kolomiytsev, OP Krasheninnikov, IA Kudela, K Kuzhevsky, BM Kuzin, SV Kuznetsov, VD Kuznetsov, SN Kurt, VG Lazutin, LL Leshchenko, LN Litvak, ML Logachev, YI Lawrence, G Markeev, AK Makhmutov, VS Mitrofanov, AV Mitrofanov, IG Morozov, OV Myagkova, IN Nusinov, AA Oparin, SN Panasenco, OA Pertsov, AA Petrukovich, AA Podorolsky, AN Romashets, EP Svertilov, SI Svidsky, PM Svirzhevskaya, AK Svirzhevsky, NS Slemzin, VA Smith, Z Sobel'man, II Sobolev, DE Stozhkov, YI Suvorova, AV Sukhodrev, NK Tindo, IP Tokhchukova, SK Fomichev, VV Chashey, IV Chertok, IM Shishov, VL Yushkov, BY Yakovchouk, OS Yanke, VG AF Veselovsky, IS Panasyuk, MI Avdyushin, SI Bazilevskaya, GA Belov, AV Bogachev, SA Bogod, VM Bogomolov, AV Bothmer, V Boyarchuk, KA Vashenyuk, EV Vlasov, VI Gnezdilov, AA Gorgutsa, RV Grechnev, VV Denisov, YI Dmitriev, AV Dryer, M Yermolaev, YI Eroshenko, EA Zherebtsov, GA Zhitnik, IA Zhukov, AN Zastenker, GN Zelenyi, LM Zeldovich, MA Ivanov-Kholodnyi, GS Ignat'ev, AP Ishkov, VN Kolomiytsev, OP Krasheninnikov, IA Kudela, K Kuzhevsky, BM Kuzin, SV Kuznetsov, VD Kuznetsov, SN Kurt, VG Lazutin, LL Leshchenko, LN Litvak, ML Logachev, YI Lawrence, G Markeev, AK Makhmutov, VS Mitrofanov, AV Mitrofanov, IG Morozov, OV Myagkova, IN Nusinov, AA Oparin, SN Panasenco, OA Pertsov, AA Petrukovich, AA Podorolsky, AN Romashets, EP Svertilov, SI Svidsky, PM Svirzhevskaya, AK Svirzhevsky, NS Slemzin, VA Smith, Z Sobel'man, II Sobolev, DE Stozhkov, YI Suvorova, AV Sukhodrev, NK Tindo, IP Tokhchukova, SK Fomichev, VV Chashey, IV Chertok, IM Shishov, VL Yushkov, BY Yakovchouk, OS Yanke, VG TI Solar and Heliospheric Phenomena in October-November 2003: Causes and Effects SO COSMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BURST AB We present new observational data on the phenomena of extremely high activity on the Sun and in the heliosphere that took place in October-November 2003. A large variety of solar and heliospheric parameters give evidence that the interval under consideration is unique over the entire observation time. Based on these data, comparing them with similar situations in the past and using available theoretical concepts, we discuss possible cause-and-effect connections between the processes observed. The paper includes the first results and conclusions derived by the collaboration "Solar Extreme Events-2003" organized in Russia for detailed investigations of these events. As a result of our consideration, it is beyond question that the physical causes of solar and heliospheric phenomena in October-November 2003 are not exclusively local and do not belong only to the active regions and solar atmosphere above them. The energy reservoirs and driving forces of these processes have a more global nature. In general, they are hidden from an observer, since ultimately their sources lie in the subphotospheric layers of the Sun, where changes that are fast and difficult to predict can sometimes take place (and indeed they do). Solar flares can serve as sufficiently good tracers of these sudden changes and reconstructions on the Sun, although one can still find other diagnostic indicators among the parameters of magnetic fields, motions of matter, and emission characteristics. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Fedorov Inst Appl Geophys, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. IZMIRAN, Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radiowave Propag, Troitsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia. Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Polar Geophys Inst, Kola Sci Ctr, Apatity, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Pushchino Observ, Ctr Astro Space, Lebedev Phys Inst, Pushchino, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solar Terr Phys, Siberian Branch, Irkutsk, Russia. Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Russian Acad Sci, Main Astron Observ Pulkovo, St Petersburg 117901, Russia. RP Veselovsky, IS (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. RI Pertsov, Andrey/N-2265-2015; Bogachev, Sergey/N-2138-2015; Makhmutov, Vladimir/N-2086-2015; Ignatyev, Alexander/N-4102-2015; Mitrofanov, Alexander/N-2322-2015; Bogod, Vladimir/A-2315-2017; Shishov, Vladimir/N-1753-2015; Svirzhevsky, Nikola/N-1701-2015; Panasyuk, Mikhail/E-2005-2012; Myagkova, Irina/E-3660-2012; Suvorova, Alla/J-4174-2012; Dmitriev, Alexei/J-6161-2012; Yakovchouk, Olesya/J-6271-2012; Yushkov, Boris/B-8321-2012; Petrukovich, Anatoly/G-8764-2011; xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012; Slemzin, Vladimir/M-3113-2015; Kuzin, Sergey/M-3435-2015; Bazilevskaya, Galina/M-6175-2015; Svirzhevskaya, Albina/M-7452-2015 OI Suvorova, Alla/0000-0002-5146-0846; Dmitriev, Alexei/0000-0001-8038-251X; Yushkov, Boris/0000-0003-4773-8179; Petrukovich, Anatoly/0000-0002-5344-2967; Svirzhevskaya, Albina/0000-0003-2263-0671 NR 37 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-9525 J9 COSMIC RES+ JI Cosmic Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 435 EP 488 PG 54 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 872MC UT WOS:000225210300002 ER PT J AU Otano-Rivera, W Messier, R Pilione, LJ Santiago, JJ Lamaze, G AF Otano-Rivera, W Messier, R Pilione, LJ Santiago, JJ Lamaze, G TI Effect of Al additions and AlN interlayers on the stabilization of cBN sputtered thin films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cubic boron nitride (c-BN); ion bombardment; nucleation; sputtering ID CUBIC BORON-NITRIDE; ASSISTED DEPOSITION; DEPENDENCE; GROWTH AB Cubic boron nitride thin films were prepared by sputtering a hexagonal BN target with an unbalanced magnetron using pulsed d.c. biasing of the crystalline silicon substrate. An additional balanced magnetron was used to co-sputter aluminum in order to test the effect of small Al additions on the stabilization and adhesion of the cubic boron nitride thin films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and neutron depth profiling were performed on the samples and used to determine the amounts of boron, nitrogen and aluminum in the films. The results showed that the addition of an atom fraction of approximately 2% aluminum produces no significant de-stabilization of the BN cubic phase, and that a significant reduction in the amount of cBN occurs when the atomic concentration of aluminum is a fraction of approximately 4%. Several of these BN:Al films were prepared using AlN interlayers. These interlayers did not influence the stabilization window for deposition of the BN cubic phase but did allow for growth of thicker cBN/AlN bilayers that did not delaminate from the substrate. Neutron depth profiling showed that boron atoms diffused into the aluminum nitride/boron nitride interlayer, suggesting the formation of a diffusion interface between the cubic boron nitride and the aluminum nitride. A mechanism of incorporation of small amounts of additives at grain boundaries and boron sites during critical nuclei formation is suggested in order to explain the observed de-stabilization of the cBN phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys & Math, Cayey, PR 00736 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nucl Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Otano-Rivera, W (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys & Math, Cayey, PR 00736 USA. EM wotano@cayey.upr.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1690 EP 1696 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.02.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 840PI UT WOS:000222871000014 ER PT J AU Yang, B Pan, E Tewary, VK AF Yang, B Pan, E Tewary, VK TI Three-dimensional Green's functions of steady-state motion in anisotropic half-spaces and bimaterials SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; elastodynamics; generalized Stroh formalism; steady-state motion; three-dimensional Green's function ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; SOLIDS; FORCE AB Three-dimensional Green's functions (GFs) of steady-state motion in linear anisotropic elastic half-space and bimaterials are derived within the framework of generalized Stroh formalism and two-dimensional Fourier transforms. The present study is limited to the subsonic case where the sextic equation has six complex eigenvalues. If the source and field points reside in the same material, the GF is expressed in two parts: a singular part that corresponds to the infinite-space GF, and a complementary part that corresponds to the reflective effects of the interface in the bimaterial case and of the free surface in the half-space case. The singular part in the physical domain is calculated analytically by applying the Radon transform and the residue theorem. If the source and field points reside in different materials (in the bimaterial case), the GF is a one-term solution. The physical counterparts of the complementary part in the half-space case and of the one-term solution in the bimaterial case are derived as a one-dimensional integral by analytically carrying out the integration along the radial direction in the Fourier-inverse transform. When the source and field points are both on the interface in the bimaterial case or on the surface in the half-space case, singularities appear in the Fourier-inverse transform of the GF. The singularities are treated explicitly using a method proposed recently by the authors. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effects of wave velocity on the stress fields, which may be of interest in various engineering problems of steady-state motion. Furthermore, these GFs are required in the steady-state boundary-integral-equation formulation of anisotropic elasticity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Tech, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010; Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1016/j.enganbound.2004.03.004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 839XG UT WOS:000222817600009 ER PT J AU Hobbs, L Fowler, C AF Hobbs, L Fowler, C TI Complexity of factors involved in human population growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID FOOD C1 Inland Whale, Bainbridge Island, WA USA. Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Systemat Management Studies Program, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hobbs, L (reprint author), Inland Whale, Bainbridge Island, WA USA. EM larry@inlandwhale.com; charles.fowler@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 112 IS 13 BP A726 EP A727 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 863FS UT WOS:000224547000007 PM 15345357 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, PL Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Meyers, TP Chappelka, AH AF Finkelstein, PL Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Meyers, TP Chappelka, AH TI Sub-canopy deposition of ozone in a stand of cutleaf coneflower SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone deposition; flux; sub-canopy; Rudbeckia laciniata ID PLANT CANOPIES; MODEL AB Although there has been a great deal of research on ozone, interest in exposure of native, herbaceous species is relatively recent and it is still not clear what role the pollutant has in their ecological fitness. The ozone exposure of a plant is usually expressed in terms of the concentration above the canopy or as a time-weighted index. However, to understand the physiological effects of ozone it is necessary to quantify the ozone flux to individual leaves as they develop, which requires knowing the deposition velocity and concentration of the pollutant as a function of height throughout the plant canopy. We used a high-order closure model of subcanopy turbulence to estimate ozone profiles in stands of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. The model was run for periods coinciding with a short field study, during which we measured vertical concentration profiles of ozone along with measurements of atmospheric turbulence and other meteorological and plant variables. Predictions of ozone profiles by the model are compared with observations throughout the canopy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Finkelstein, PL (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM finkelstein.peter@epa.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 131 IS 2 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839XI UT WOS:000222817800013 PM 15234096 ER PT J AU Bohnenstiehl, DR Dziak, RP Tolstoy, M Fox, CG Fowler, M AF Bohnenstiehl, DR Dziak, RP Tolstoy, M Fox, CG Fowler, M TI Temporal and spatial history of the 1999-2000 Endeavour Segment seismic series, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dike; earthquake; hydrothermal system; mid-ocean ridge; seismic triggering; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; seismology : volcano seismology; tectonophysics : dynamics, seismotectonics ID WAVE DETECTION THRESHOLDS; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; PROPAGATING RIFT; P-WAVE; SWARM; MAGNITUDE; HYDROPHONES AB Two large clusters of earthquake activity in June of 1999 and January of 2000 have dominated recent seismicity along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The impacts of the June 1999 sequence on the hydrologic system, which include changes in vent temperature and chemistry within the Main Endeavour Vent Field, have been well documented previously. Analysis of seismic and hydroacoustic data indicates that both sequences exhibit a swarm-like behavior, characterized by the absence of a dominant main shock event. The epicentral locations of events within the two swarms overlap spatially, with centroid positions near 47degrees49' and 47degrees46'N latitude. During the June 1999 swarm, the initial activity spans the along-axis region where a shallow axial magma chamber reflector was later imaged. The epicenters then migrate similar to12 km to the south at a rate of 0.3 m/s, consistent with lateral dike propagation. A distinct subcluster of events also occurred in the vicinity of Surveyor Volcano on the overlapping portion of the Cobb Segment. Given its distance from the main swarm, this activity may represent a triggered response to dynamic shaking. The January 2000 swarm has a more limited along-axis extent, relative to the June 1999 swarm, with no indication of lateral migration. Much of this activity is concentrated in a region predicted to have undergone extension due to dike propagation in 1999. Although it contains fewer total events and is of shorter duration, relative to the June 1999 swarm, the January 2000 activity exhibits a higher peak rate of seismicity and greater mean event magnitude. As in situ temperature monitoring was not in place during January 2000 and vent fluids were not sampled until June 2000, the impacts of this swarm on the hydrothermal system are unknown. The southernmost tip of the Endeavour Segment also is found to be a region of repeating swarm activity. Although morphologic evidence indicates the Cobb Segment has been propagating northward recently, this seismic activity suggests that the western limb of the Endeavour-Cobb overlap zone remains active. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bohnenstiehl, DR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM del@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q09003 DI 10.1029/2004GC000735 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 854FU UT WOS:000223887800004 ER PT J AU Smolyar, IV Bromage, TG AF Smolyar, IV Bromage, TG TI Discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern: a formalization of the 2D anisotropic structure SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boolean function; discrete model; fish scale; fuzziness; graph; growth rate; incremental pattern; index of anisotropy; relay network; structure ID DIRECT VALIDATION; SEASONAL GROWTH; OCEAN CLIMATE; ATLANTIC; OTOLITHS; PERIODICITY; SKELETONS; SURVIVAL; LINES; DEATH AB The structure of growth patterns on fish scales is characteristically anisotropic: the number of circuli and their widths significantly vary with the direction of measurement. We show, however, that because of anisotropy, fish scale growth rate variability can be described in fuzzy terms. The index of structural anisotropy is introduced, which serves as a measure of the fuzziness of growth-rate quantification. A discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern is proposed, which takes into account the incremental structure in 2D. This model is based on a representation of the fish scale pattern as a relay network, taking anisotropy in the form of discontinuities and convergences of incremental structural elements into account, and the widths of growth increments in different directions. The model is used to formalize procedures necessary for the quantification of fish scale growth rate. The capability of the model for analysing objects with similar structural attributes as found in fish scale incremental patterns, such as those found in coral, otoliths, shells, and bones, is demonstrated. (C) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SES Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, NODC, Ocean Climate Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. World Data Ctr Oceanog, Silver Spring, MD USA. NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, Hard Tissue Res Unit, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Smolyar, IV (reprint author), SES Inc, 1315 EW Highway,Room 4308, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ismolyar@nodc.noaa.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 992 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.013 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 863FQ UT WOS:000224546800013 ER PT J AU Logerwell, EA Wilson, CD AF Logerwell, EA Wilson, CD TI Species discrimination of fish using frequency-dependent acoustic backscatter SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic survey; capelin; dual frequency; Gulf of Alaska; Mallotus villosus; pollock; Theragra chalcogramma ID TARGET STRENGTH; KRILL; IDENTIFICATION; ABUNDANCE; PLANKTON; KHZ AB The difference between mean volume-backscattering strength at 120 and 38 kHz (DeltaMVBS) has been used to discriminate acoustically between macrozooplankton species, and between macrozooplankton and fish or small zooplankton. We examined whether DeltaMVBS could be used to discriminate between juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus). Acoustic data at 38 and 120 kHz were collected in the Gulf of Alaska during August 2000 and 2001. We selected scattering layers of juvenile pollock and capelin that were sampled directly by midwater trawls. Although we found statistically significant differences at minimum integration thresholds ranging from -85 dB to -69 dB, the greatest difference between DeltaMVBS of juvenile pollock and capelin was observed at the highest integration threshold (-69 dB). We also found that, although there was substantial overlap between the frequency distributions of juvenile pollock and capelin DeltaMVBS at the smallest scale of analysis (0.1 nautical mile x 5 m cells), there was virtually no overlap between the DeltaMVBS distributions at the largest scale (similar to1 nautical mile x 20 m aggregations). We conclude that acoustic differencing at the scale of fish aggregations and at high integration thresholds can be used to distinguish between juvenile pollock and capelin. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Logerwell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 15700,7600 Sand Pt Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM libby.logerwell@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.04.004 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 863FQ UT WOS:000224546800014 ER PT J AU Hong, YD Yeow, YT Chim, WK Wong, KM Kopanski, JJ AF Hong, YD Yeow, YT Chim, WK Wong, KM Kopanski, JJ TI Influence of interface traps and surface mobility degradation on scanning capacitance microscopy measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dopant profile extraction; scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM); semiconductor device modeling; simulation ID CONTRAST REVERSAL; DOPANT PROFILES; CARRIER; MODEL AB Although scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is based on the MOS capacitance theory, the measurement frequency is 915-MHz instead of 100 kHz to 1 MHz in conventional MOS capacitance-voltage measurement. At this high frequency, the reactance of the probe tip-to-substrate capacitance can become smaller than the series resistance of the substrate inversion layer, particularly when the surface mobility is degraded. The response of the oxide-silicon interface traps to SCM measurement is also different due to the use of a 10-kHz signal to determine dC/dV. In this paper, we compare experimental and simulation data to demonstrate the effects of interface traps and surface mobility degradation on SCM measurement. Implications on the treatment of SCM data for accurate dopant profile extraction are also presented. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. RP Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RI Wong, Kin Mun/D-1095-2012 OI Wong, Kin Mun/0000-0001-7076-3212 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2004 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1496 EP 1503 DI 10.1109/ted.2004.833590 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848PV UT WOS:000223480500019 ER PT J AU Dai, A Lamb, PJ Trenberth, KE Hulme, M Jones, PD Xie, PP AF Dai, A Lamb, PJ Trenberth, KE Hulme, M Jones, PD Xie, PP TI The recent Sahel drought is real SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Sahel; drought; rainfall; precipitation ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL LAND PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL NORTH-AFRICA; SUMMER RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATTERNS; TRENDS AB Using station rainfall data extracted from two comprehensive data sets, we show that large decreasing rainfall trends were widespread in the Sahel (10-20degreesN and 18degreesW-20degreesE) from the late 1950s to the late 1980s. Thereafter, Sahel rainfall has recovered somewhat through 2003, although the drought conditions have not ended in the region. These results confirm the findings of many previous studies. We also found that large multi-year oscillations appear to be more frequent and extreme after the late 1980s than previously. Analyses of Sahel regional rainfall time series derived from a fixed subset of stations and from all available stations show that the decreasing trend in Sahel rainfall is not an artifact of changing station networks. The rainfall model used by Chappell and Agnew (2004 International Journal of Climatology 24: 547-554) is incorrect and their modelled rainfall time series is totally unrepresentative of Sahel average rainfall. Their conclusion about the Sahel rainfall trends being an artifact of changing station locations is emphatically wrong and their speculative statements about the implications of their results for other studies and other regions of the world are completely unfounded. Copyright (C) 2004 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteeorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Chenge, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Protect, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Dai, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM adai@ucar.edu RI Hulme, Mike/F-9012-2010; Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Dai, Aiguo/D-3487-2009 OI Hulme, Mike/0000-0002-1273-7662; Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; NR 32 TC 155 Z9 166 U1 5 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1323 EP 1331 DI 10.1002/joc.1083 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853ZU UT WOS:000223870400001 ER PT J AU Kumar, KK Kumar, KR Ashrit, RG Deshpande, NR Hansen, JW AF Kumar, KK Kumar, KR Ashrit, RG Deshpande, NR Hansen, JW TI Climate impacts on Indian agriculture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate-agriculture; ENSO; Indian monsoon rainfall; seasonal forecasts; climate-applications ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION; MONSOON RAINFALL; PREDICTION AB Agriculture (arguably the backbone of India's economy) is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rainfall. This paper presents an analysis of crop-climate relationships for India, using historic production statistics for major crops (rice, wheat, sorghum, groundnut and sugarcane) and for aggregate food grain, cereal, pulses and oilseed production. Correlation analysis provides an indication of the influence of monsoon rainfall and some of its potential predictors (Pacific and Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures, Darwin sea-level pressure) on crop production. All-India annual total production (except sorghum and sugarcane), and production in the monsoon (except sorghum) and post-monsoon seasons (except rice and sorghum) were significantly correlated to all-India summer monsoon rainfall. Monsoon season crops (except sorghum) were strongly associated with the three potential monsoon predictors. Results using state-level crop production statistics and subdivisional monsoon rainfall were generally consistent with the all-India results, but demonstrated some surprising spatial variations. Whereas the impact of subdivisional monsoon rainfall is strong in most of the country, the influence of concurrent predictors related to El Niho-southern oscillation and the Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures at a long lead time seem greatest in the western to central peninsula. Copyright (C) 2004 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Kumar, KK (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM krishna@tropmet.res.in RI Hansen, James/M-1449-2015 OI Hansen, James/0000-0002-8599-7895 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1393 DI 10.1002/joc.1081 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853ZU UT WOS:000223870400005 ER PT J AU Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B Jeong, H Jones, A AF Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B Jeong, H Jones, A TI Using business process specifications and agents to integrate a scenario-driven supply chain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION; MANAGEMENT AB In today's increasingly competitive global market, most enterprises place great stress on reducing order fulfillment costs, minimizing time-to-market and maximizing product quality. The desire of businesses to achieve these goals has seen a shift from a make-to-stock paradigm to a make-to-order paradigm. The success of the make-to-order paradigm requires robust and efficient supply chain integration and implementation in the business-to-business (B2B) environment. Recent Internet-based approaches to this problem have enabled efficient and effective information sharing among trading partners (i.e., customers, manufacturers and suppliers). Here we present an integration framework for supply chain operations among trading partners in the B2B environment. A supply chain scenario is formed, for which an integration framework is proposed by using the concepts of business process specifications (BPS) and agent technology. The BPS with message choreographies among the trading partners is detailed by using a modified unified modelling language (UML). The behaviour of the enterprise applications within each trading partner is modelled as agent concepts by using Petri-nets, which depict how the enterprise applications respond to external events specified in the BPS. The concepts and models proposed in this paper should provide the starting point for the formulation of a structured approach to B2B supply chain integration and implementation. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSI Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Daejeon Univ, Comp & Commun Engn Div, Taejon 300716, South Korea. RP Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013; Lin, yu/H-5022-2014 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X EI 1362-3052 J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 546 EP 560 DI 10.1080/0951192042000193671 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 829WJ UT WOS:000222081400006 ER PT J AU Kadlec, SA Beale, PD Rainwater, JC AF Kadlec, SA Beale, PD Rainwater, JC TI Three-dimensional hard dumbbell solid free energy calculation via the fluctuating cell model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE fluctuating cell model; free energy; hard dumbbell; simulation; solid ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; FLUID EQUILIBRIUM; FREE-VOLUME; LIQUID AB Determination of the solid-liquid phase transition point of a molecular substance requires calculation of the free energy in both phases. Progress has been made on this problem by modeling molecules as fused hard spheres and adding attraction and electric multipole moments perturbatively. The solid free energy of hard heteronuclear dumbbells of bond length L*, used to model diatomic molecules, can in principle be calculated exactly via the Frenkel-Ladd method, but this is computationally intensive. Use of Lennard Jones-Devonshire fixed cells to calculate free energy is much simpler computationally but is an approximation. The fluctuating cell model is investigated as an alternative intermediate method which is still computationally simpler than the Frenkel-Ladd method. As was found earlier in two dimensions, for small L* the simple cell model is in better agreement with Frenkel-Ladd than the fluctuating cell model, but for larger L* the fluctuating cell model is in better agreement. The probability distributions of free volumes are also analyzed and show different functional behavior for near-zero bond length and appreciable bond length. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rainwater, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rainwatr@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1427 DI 10.1007/s10765-004-5747-8 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 866DW UT WOS:000224755000008 ER PT J AU An, YQ Cundiff, ST AF An, YQ Cundiff, ST TI Effect of ultrathin Cr layers on surface second-harmonic generation from Cr-SiO2-Si(001) structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DC-ELECTRIC-FIELD; SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; AMBIENT OXYGEN; SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; SI(001); ELECTROREFLECTANCE AB An ultrathin semitransparent Cr coating layer on oxidized Si(001) significantly alters surface second-harmonic generation (SHG) behavior. The peak locations of the rotational-anisotropy SHG (RA-SHG) signals from Cr coated SiO2-Si(001) surfaces are shifted by 45degrees from that of uncoated surfaces consistently for several polarizations, but only for specific photon energies. Moreover, for appropriate polarizations, a peak-to-valley transition of the RA-SHG signal by varying photon energy is observed for Cr coated samples but not for uncoated samples. The time-dependent SHG signal decreases with continuous laser illumination for Cr coated surfaces, but it increases for uncoated surfaces. Through these comparisons, we find that the Cr coating introduces an additional SHG. Interference between the additional and original SHG contributions modifies both the phase and amplitude of the net SHG, and thus the measured spectroscopic and time dependence of SHG. To determine the source of this additional SHG, we perform further surface SHG measurements on a thick Cr film and the SiO2-Cr interface. We find that it mainly comes from the outermost surface of the Cr coating layer. In addition, we investigate the effect of the thickness of the SiO2 layer on the SHG response in reflection from Cr-SiO2-Si(001) structures. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; An, Yong/N-7479-2013 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 2638 EP 2645 DI 10.1063/1.1768617 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XH UT WOS:000223719300033 ER PT J AU Eitel, RE Zhang, SJ Shrout, TR Randall, CA Levin, I AF Eitel, RE Zhang, SJ Shrout, TR Randall, CA Levin, I TI Phase diagram of the perovskite system (1-x)BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DIFFUSE SCATTERING; MONOCLINIC PHASE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; CERAMICS; TITANATE; PBZR1-XTIXO3; BOUNDARY AB The perovskite (1-x)BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) (BS-PT) system exhibits a large piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)>460pC/N in polycrystalline form) and a high Curie temperature T-C=450degreesC in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (x=0.64 mol fraction PbTiO3), which separates the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. The present contribution reports on revisions to the BiScO3-PbTiO3 phase diagram specifically, (i) the compositional dependence of the octahedral tilt-transition temperature (x<0.62 mol fraction PT), as determined using variable-temperature transmission electron microscopy, (ii) high-temperature curvature of the rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary determined using dielectric measurements on single crystals, and (iii) Curie temperatures in the tetragonal phase field, which exceed that of the PbTiO3 end member. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eitel, RE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ree116@psu.edu RI Eitel, Richard/E-2889-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Eitel, Richard/0000-0002-5090-2075; NR 27 TC 123 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 2828 EP 2831 DI 10.1063/1.1777810 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XH UT WOS:000223719300060 ER PT J AU Miloshevich, LM Paukkunen, A Vomel, H Oltmans, SJ AF Miloshevich, LM Paukkunen, A Vomel, H Oltmans, SJ TI Development and validation of a time-lag correction for Vaisala radiosonde humidity measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; EVOLUTION AB This study presents a method of improving the accuracy of relative humidity ( RH) measurements from Vaisala RS80 and RS90 radiosondes by applying sensor-based corrections for well-understood sources of measurement error. Laboratory measurements of the sensor time constant as a function of temperature are used to develop a correction for a time-lag error that results from slow sensor response at low temperatures. The time-lag correction is a numerical inversion algorithm that calculates the ambient ("true'') humidity profile from the measured humidity and temperature profiles, based on the sensor time constant. Existing corrections for two sources of dry bias error in RS80 humidity measurements are also included in the correction procedure: inaccuracy in the sensor calibration at low temperatures, and chemical contamination of sensors manufactured before June 2000 by nonwater molecules from the radiosonde packaging material. The correction procedure was evaluated by comparing corrected RS80-H measurements with simultaneous measurements from the reference-quality NOAA/Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory balloon-borne cryogenic hygrometer. The time-lag correction is shown to recover vertical structure in the humidity profile that had been "smoothed'' by the slow sensor response, especially in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, revealing a much sharper troposphere - stratosphere transition than is apparent in the original measurements. The corrections reduced the mean dry bias in the radiosonde measurements relative to the hygrometer from 4% RH at -20degreesC and 10% RH at -70degreesC to about +/-2% RH at all temperatures, and the variability at low temperatures is substantially reduced. A shortcoming of the existing contamination correction is also uncovered, and a modification is suggested. The impact of the corrections on several radiosonde datasets is shown. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Vaisala Oy, Helsinki, Finland. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Miloshevich, LM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM milo@ucar.edu NR 22 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1305:DAVOAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KX UT WOS:000223685100001 ER PT J AU Newsom, RK Banta, RM AF Newsom, RK Banta, RM TI Assimilating coherent Doppler lidar measurements into a model of the atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Algorithm development and sensitivity to measurement error SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; HETERODYNE LIDAR; FLOW STRUCTURES; ADJOINT MODEL; CLOUD MODEL; RADAR; CASES-99; SURFACE; WIND AB A four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) algorithm for retrieval of spatially and temporally resolved velocity and thermodynamic fields within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is described and applied to a coherent Doppler lidar dataset. The adjoint method is used to find the initialization of an ABL model that gives the best fit to radial velocity measurements from the Doppler lidar. The adjoint equations are derived by assuming that subgrid-scale fluxes can be represented as general functions of the resolved-scale rates of strain and potential temperature gradients. For this study, particular attention is paid to the treatment of real measurement error. Radial velocity precision as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is estimated from time series analysis of real fixed beam data, and this information is used in the evaluation of the cost function. The cost function is evaluated by interpolating the model output to the observation coordinates. As a result, the error covariance matrix retains its diagonal structure and the form of the cost function is simplified. The retrieval method is applied to Doppler lidar data collected under convective conditions during the Cooperative Atmosphere/Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) field program. The impact of the SNR-dependent measurement error is investigated by comparing a retrieval using equally weighted data to a retrieval using the estimated velocity precisions. At near range the fields are well correlated. However, at longer range, as the velocity precision exceeds the standard deviation of the measurements, the correlation decreases rapidly. Furthermore, retrievals using equally weighted data produce higher variances. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), Harris Corp, POB 37,MS W3-3330, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. EM rnewsom@harris.com RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1328 EP 1345 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1328:ACDLMI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KX UT WOS:000223685100002 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Dubel, YF Zrnic, DS AF Torres, SM Dubel, YF Zrnic, DS TI Design, implementation, and demonstration of a staggered PRT algorithm for the WSR-88D SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER WEATHER RADARS; SPECTRAL MOMENT ESTIMATION; RANGE; RESOLUTION AB This paper describes the implementation of the staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) technique on NOAA's research and development WSR-88D in Norman, Oklahoma. The prototype algorithm incorporates a novel rule for the correct assignment of Doppler mean velocity that is needed to accommodate arbitrary stagger ratios. Description of the rule, consideration of errors, and choice of appropriate stagger ratios are presented. The staggered PRT algorithm is integrated with the standard processing on the WSR-88D, some details of which are included in the paper. A simple ground clutter canceller removes the pure complex time series mean ( DC) component from autocovariance estimates; censoring of overlaid echoes and thresholding are equivalent to those used on the WSR-88D. Further, a cursory verification of statistical errors indicates good agreement with theoretical expectations. Although the staggered PRT algorithm operates in real time, it was advantageous to collect several events of staggered PRT time series data for further scrutiny. Results presented from one of the events demonstrate the potency of the staggered PRT to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1389 EP 1399 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1389:DIADOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KX UT WOS:000223685100006 ER PT J AU Archer, DG AF Archer, DG TI Enthalpy of fusion of bismuth: A certified reference material for differential scanning calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-SCALE; STANDARDS; METALS AB An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure the enthalpy of fusion of a sample of high-purity bismuth. The new value of the enthalpy of fusion was determined to be Delta(fus)H = (53.146 +/- 0.082) J(.)g(-1), where the uncertainty corresponded to a 95% confidence interval. The temperature of fusion of this sample was found not to differ with previous accurate determinations within the accuracy of the fusion-temperature determination made in the present study. A comparison with some other enthalpy of fusion determinations is made. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.archer@nist.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1367 DI 10.1021/je049913p PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 853NA UT WOS:000223833100040 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Amis, EJ Bossev, DP Rosov, N AF Prabhu, VM Amis, EJ Bossev, DP Rosov, N TI Counterion associative behavior with flexible polyelectrolytes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; SELF-DIFFUSION; SPIN-ECHO; DYNAMICS; SALT AB At low ionic strength, organic counterions dress a flexible charged polymer as measured directly by small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy. This dressed state, quantified by the concentration dependence of the static correlation length, illustrates the polymer-counterion coupled nature on the nanometer length scale. The counterions, made visible by selective hydrogen and deuterium labeling, undress from the polymeric template by addition of sodium chloride. The addition of this electrolyte leads to two effects: increased Debye electrostatic screening and decoupled organic counterion-polymer correlations. Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy measures a slowing down of the effective diffusion coefficient of the labeled counterions at the length scale of 8 nm, the static correlation length, indicating the nanosecond counterion dynamics mimics the polymer. These experiments, performed with semidilute solutions of tetramethylammonium poly(styrene sulfonate) [(h-TMA(+)) d-PSS], apply to relevant biopolymers including single and double stranded DNA and unfolded proteins, which undergo orchestrated dynamics of counterions and chain segments to fold, unfold, and assemble. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 9 BP 4424 EP 4429 DI 10.1063/1.1776556 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 850PB UT WOS:000223623800054 PM 15332993 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Spillane, MC Percival, DB Wang, MY Mofjeld, HO AF Overland, JE Spillane, MC Percival, DB Wang, MY Mofjeld, HO TI Seasonal and regional variation of pan-Arctic surface air temperature over the instrumental record SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; PINATUBO ERUPTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-ICE; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; FLUCTUATIONS; STRATOSPHERE AB Instrumental surface air temperature ( SAT) records beginning in the late 1800s from 59 Arctic stations north of 64degreesN show monthly mean anomalies of several degrees and large spatial teleconnectivity, yet there are systematic seasonal and regional differences. Analyses are based on time-longitude plots of SAT anomalies and principal component analysis (PCA). Using monthly station data rather than gridded fields for this analysis highlights the importance of considering record length in calculating reliable Arctic change estimates; for example, the contrast of PCA performed on 11 stations beginning in 1886, 20 stations beginning in 1912, and 45 stations beginning in 1936 is illustrated. While often there is a well-known interdecadal negative covariability in winter between northern Europe and Baffin Bay, long-term changes in the remainder of the Arctic are most evident in spring, with cool temperature anomalies before 1920 and Arctic-wide warm temperatures in the 1990s. Summer anomalies are generally weaker than spring or winter but tend to mirror spring conditions before 1920 and in recent decades. Temperature advection in the trough-ridge structure in the positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the North Atlantic establishes wintertime temperature anomalies in adjacent regions, while the zonal/annular nature of the AO in the remainder of the Arctic must break down in spring to promote meridional temperature advection. There were regional/decadal warm events during winter and spring in the 1930s to 1950s, but meteorological analysis suggests that these SAT anomalies are the result of intrinsic variability in regional flow patterns. These midcentury events contrast with the recent Arctic-wide AO influence in the 1990s. The preponderance of evidence supports the conclusion that warm SAT anomalies in spring for the recent decade are unique in the instrumental record, both in having the greatest longitudinal extent and in their associated patterns of warm air advection. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.E.Overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015 OI Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675 NR 48 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3263 EP 3282 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3263:SARVOP>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855SW UT WOS:000223995200002 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Kim, HK Unger, D AF Higgins, RW Kim, HK Unger, D TI Long-lead seasonal temperature and precipitation prediction using tropical pacific SST consolidation forecasts SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO PREDICTION; MODELS AB Objective seasonal forecasts of temperature and precipitation for the conterminous United States are produced using tropical Pacific sea surface temperature forecasts for the Nino-3.4 region in conjunction with composites of observed temperature and precipitation keyed to phases of the ENSO cycle. The objective seasonal forecasts are validated against observations for the period February-March-April (FMA) 1995 to September-October-November ( SON) 2002, and compared to NOAA's Official Seasonal Forecasts issued by the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for the same period. The objective forecasts are shown to produce skill that is comparable to ( and even exceeding) that achieved by the Official Seasonal Forecasts at all leads out to 12.5 months. The forecasts are divided into high-frequency (HF) and trend-adjusted ( TA) components in order to show that seasonal forecasters could achieve higher skill in both temperature and precipitation forecasts by taking full advantage of trend information, especially at longer leads. The objective forecasts are fully automated and available each month as a tool for use in preparation of the Official Seasonal Forecasts. (The latest objective forecasts are available on the CPC homepage at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/ENSO/total. html.) C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Wayne.Higgins@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3398 EP 3414 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3398:LSTAPP>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855SW UT WOS:000223995200010 ER PT J AU Bromwich, DH Toracinta, ER Wei, HL Oglesby, RJ Fastook, JL Hughes, TJ AF Bromwich, DH Toracinta, ER Wei, HL Oglesby, RJ Fastook, JL Hughes, TJ TI Polar MM5 simulations of the winter climate of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at the LGM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MESOSCALE PREDICTION SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; ST-MICHAEL ISLAND; C-14 YR BP; REGIONAL CLIMATE; INNUITIAN ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WESTERN ALASKA AB Optimized regional climate simulations are conducted using the Polar MM5, a version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), with a 60-km horizontal resolution domain over North America during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 calendar years ago), when much of the continent was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). The objective is to describe the LGM annual cycle at high spatial resolution with an emphasis on the winter atmospheric circulation. Output from a tailored NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3) simulation of the LGM climate is used to provide the initial and lateral boundary conditions for Polar MM5. LGM boundary conditions include continental ice sheets, appropriate orbital forcing, reduced CO2 concentration, paleovegetation, modified sea surface temperatures, and lowered sea level. Polar MM5 produces a substantially different atmospheric response to the LGM boundary conditions than CCM3 and other recent GCM simulations. In particular, from November to April the upper-level flow is split around a blocking anticyclone over the LIS, with a northern branch over the Canadian Arctic and a southern branch impacting southern North America. The split flow pattern is most pronounced in January and transitions into a single, consolidated jet stream that migrates northward over the LIS during summer. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the winter split flow in Polar MM5 is primarily due to mechanical forcing by LIS, although model physics and resolution also contribute to the simulated flow configuration. Polar MM5 LGM results are generally consistent with proxy climate estimates in the western United States, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic and may help resolve some long-standing discrepancies between proxy data and previous simulations of the LGM climate. C1 Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Polar Meteorol Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternay & Climate Studies, Orono, ME USA. RP Bromwich, DH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Polar Meteorol Grp, 1090 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohio-state.edu RI Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016 NR 68 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3415 EP 3433 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3415:PMSOTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855SW UT WOS:000223995200011 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Tuleya, RE AF Knutson, TR Tuleya, RE TI Impact of CO2-induced warming on simulated hurricane intensity and precipitation: Sensitivity to the choice of climate model and convective parameterization SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; INCREASE; SCHEME; GCM; ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS AB Previous studies have found that idealized hurricanes, simulated under warmer, high-CO2 conditions, are more intense and have higher precipitation rates than under present-day conditions. The present study explores the sensitivity of this result to the choice of climate model used to define the CO2-warmed environment and to the choice of convective parameterization used in the nested regional model that simulates the hurricanes. Approximately 1300 five-day idealized simulations are performed using a higher-resolution version of the GFDL hurricane prediction system ( grid spacing as fine as 9 km, with 42 levels). All storms were embedded in a uniform 5 m s(-1) easterly background flow. The large-scale thermodynamic boundary conditions for the experiments atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles and SSTs - are derived from nine different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2+) climate models. The CO2-induced SST changes from the global climate models, based on 80-yr linear trends from +1% yr(-1) CO2 increase experiments, range from about +0.8degrees to +2.4degreesC in the three tropical storm basins studied. Four different moist convection parameterizations are tested in the hurricane model, including the use of no convective parameterization in the highest resolution inner grid. Nearly all combinations of climate model boundary conditions and hurricane model convection schemes show a CO2-induced increase in both storm intensity and near-storm precipitation rates. The aggregate results, averaged across all experiments, indicate a 14% increase in central pressure fall, a 6% increase in maximum surface wind speed, and an 18% increase in average precipitation rate within 100 km of the storm center. The fractional change in precipitation is more sensitive to the choice of convective parameterization than is the fractional change of intensity. Current hurricane potential intensity theories, applied to the climate model environments, yield an average increase of intensity ( pressure fall) of 8% (Emanuel) to 16% ( Holland) for the high-CO2 environments. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is 21% higher on average in the high-CO2 environments. One implication of the results is that if the frequency of tropical cyclones remains the same over the coming century, a greenhouse gas - induced warming may lead to a gradually increasing risk in the occurrence of highly destructive category-5 storms. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308,Forrestal Campus,US Rte 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Tom.Knutson@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 338 Z9 352 U1 12 U2 62 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3477 EP 3495 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3477:IOCWOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857UT UT WOS:000224144800001 ER PT J AU Serra, YL McPhaden, MJ AF Serra, YL McPhaden, MJ TI In situ observations of diurnal variability in rainfall over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEMIDIURNAL VARIATIONS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SURFACE WIND; CYCLE; SATELLITE; TRMM; MODEL AB In this study, the diurnal cycles in rain accumulation, intensity, and frequency are investigated for the 1997 2001 time period using measurements from self-siphoning rain gauges on moored buoys within the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These measurements are unique in that they provide in situ, quantitative information on both the amplitude and phase of diurnal variability in tropical oceanic precipitation over an extended period of time at selected locations. Results indicate that the diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics explain a significant portion of the diurnal variance for all three rainfall parameters at the buoys. The diurnal harmonic in particular dominates the composite diurnal cycle in hourly rain accumulation, with a maximum from 0400 to 0700 local time ( LT) and a minimum around 1800 LT. An early morning maximum and evening minimum are also observed in the composite diurnal cycles of rain intensity and frequency, indicating that both are contributing to the diurnal cycle in accumulation. Afternoon maxima in accumulation are also observed at several locations and are generally associated with maxima in rain intensity. While there is considerable variation in the estimates of the diurnal cycle both seasonally and regionally ( especially for intensity), the results are overall consistent with previous studies of the diurnal cycle in rainfall and tropical cloudiness. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Serra, YL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 357941, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yserra@u.washington.edu RI Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158; NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3496 EP 3509 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3496:ISOODV>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857UT UT WOS:000224144800002 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Li, L Kunkel, KE Ting, MF Wang, JXL AF Liang, XZ Li, L Kunkel, KE Ting, MF Wang, JXL TI Regional climate model simulation of US precipitation during 1982-2002. Part I: Annual cycle SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; NORTH-AMERICA; 1988 DROUGHT; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATIONS; MESOSCALE MODEL; SENSITIVITY; MONSOON; FLOOD AB The fifth-generation PSU - NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)-based regional climate model (CMM5) capability in simulating the U. S. precipitation annual cycle is evaluated with a 1982 - 2002 continuous baseline integration driven by the NCEP - DOE second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project ( AMIP II) reanalysis. The causes for major model biases ( differences from observations) are studied through supplementary seasonal sensitivity experiments with various driving lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) and physics representations. It is demonstrated that the CMM5 has a pronounced rainfall downscaling skill, producing more realistic regional details and overall smaller biases than the driving global reanalysis. The precipitation simulation is most skillful in the Northwest, where orographic forcing dominates throughout the year; in the Midwest, where mesoscale convective complexes prevail in summer; and in the central Great Plains, where nocturnal low-level jet and rainfall peaks occur in summer. The actual model skill, however, is masked by existing large LBC uncertainties over data-poor areas, especially over oceans. For example, winter dry biases in the Gulf States likely result from LBC errors in the south and east buffer zones. On the other hand, several important regional biases are identified with model physics deficiencies. In particular, summer dry biases in the North American monsoon region and along the east coast of the United States can be largely rectified by replacing the Grell with the Kain - Fritsch cumulus scheme. The latter scheme, however, yields excessive rainfall in the Atlantic Ocean but large deficits over the Midwest. The fall dry biases over the lower Mississippi River basin, common to all existing global and regional models, remain unexplained and the search for their responsible physical mechanisms will be challenging. In addition, the representation of cloud - radiation interaction is essential in determining the precipitation distribution and regional water recycling, for which the new scheme implemented in the CMM5 yields significant improvement. C1 Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 NR 85 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3510 EP 3529 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3510:RCMSOU>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857UT UT WOS:000224144800003 ER PT J AU Wenner, E Sanger, D Arendt, M Holland, AF Chen, Y AF Wenner, E Sanger, D Arendt, M Holland, AF Chen, Y TI Variability in dissolved oxygen and other water-quality variables within the national estuarine research reserve system SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water-quality monitoring; hypoxia; estuaries; tropical storms; national estuarine research reserve ID HURRICANE; TEMPERATURES; RESPONSES; HYPOXIA; STORM AB Shallow estuarine habitats are normally characterized by wide interannual and intrannual fluctuations in water-quality variables, including dissolved oxygen; however, the short-term, variability in water-quality variables is seldom measured and characterized, Water-quality data collected semicontinuously by automated data sondes from 1995 to 2000 at 55 sites among 22 National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) were analyzed to characterize temporal variability and compare conditions among estuarine systems and regions. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) models revealed several significant interannual and seasonal differences for water-quality variables for many sites sampled within a reserve; however, interannual trends with respect to reserve or region were not readily apparent. Salinity and hypoxic events (dissolved oxygen [DO) < 28% saturation [sat]) were generally greatest in summer or fall. Evapotranspiration and precipitation appeared to influence seasonal salinity patterns at reserve sites. Abrupt short-term decreases and sustained long-term decreases in salinity associated with precipitation events were documented during the passage of tropical systems. An abrupt decrease in water temperature prior to storm passage was noted, with increasing cooling effects related to increasing storm intensity. Although hypoxia occurred over a broad geographic range, it was primarily experienced at sites with sustained warm water conditions. Hypoxia was strongly influenced by latitude and climate. Duration of hypoxia at most reserves persisted less than 12 hours. Increased deployment duration was shown to increase the percentage of time with hypoxic conditions (DO < 28% sat) and decrease the percentage of time with supersaturation (DO > 120% sat) at many sites. The large fluctuations in dissolved oxygen that occur over short time periods in estuaries demonstrate the need for long-term continuous measurements to estimate the frequency and duration of exposure to low DO. Without continuous monitoring, many low-DO events would have been missed, thus underestimating the potential impacts from this type of water-quality variability. The synthesis of water-quality data from the NERR sites indicates that reserves have not experienced many of the problems found in other more populated locales. C1 S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. NOAA, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. RP Wenner, E (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM wennere@mrd.dnr.state.sc.us NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2004 SI 45 BP 17 EP 38 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 882NC UT WOS:000225944600004 ER PT J AU Grigorieva, NS Fridman, GM Palmer, DR AF Grigorieva, NS Fridman, GM Palmer, DR TI Investigation of near-axial interference effects for propagation in a ducted waveguide SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE parabolic index of refraction squared; cusped caustics; axial wave AB The observed time-of-arrival patterns from a number of long-range ocean acoustic propagation experiments show early geometrical-like arrivals followed by a crescendo of energy that propagates along the sound channel axis and is not resolved into individual arrivals. To describe in a simple model case the interference of near-axial waves which results in forming the so-called axial wave and propose formulas for the axial wave in more general cases, the two-dimensional reference point source problem for the parabolic index of refraction squared is investigated. Using the method proposed by V. Buldyrev, the integral representation for the exact solution is transformed in such a way to extract ray summands corresponding to rays radiated from the source at angles less than a certain angle, the axial wave, and a term corresponding to the sum of all the rays having launch angles greater than the indicated angle. Numerical results for the axial wave and the last term are obtained for parameters corresponding to long-range ocean acoustic propagation experiments. C1 St Petersburg State Marine Tech Univ, Dept Appl Math & Math Modeling, St Petersburg 190008, Russia. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Grigorieva, NS (reprint author), St Petersburg State Marine Tech Univ, Dept Appl Math & Math Modeling, Lotsmanskaya Str 3, St Petersburg 190008, Russia. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 355 EP 386 DI 10.1142/S0218396X04002316 PG 32 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 867CN UT WOS:000224819800004 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Werner, RG AF Wuenschel, MJ Werner, RG TI Consumption and gut evacuation rate of laboratory-reared spotted seatrout (Sciaenidae) larvae and juveniles SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE daily ration; gut evacuation; maximum consumption; spotted seatrout ID MAXIMUM DAILY RATION; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; GASTRIC EVACUATION; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; FISH LARVAE; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TEMPERATURE; ZOOPLANKTON; ENERGETICS AB The temperature and mass dependence of maximum consumption rate was measured for larval and early juvenile spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, Maximum consumption (C-MAX) estimates were obtained from feeding and gut evacuation experiments on larvae (3.8-19mm standard length, L-S) at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32degreesC), and maximum consumption experiments on juveniles at three temperatures (20, 26 and 32degreesC). Feeding levels were determined for larvae fed live prey (Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina) ad libitum. The midgut and total evacuation times were estimated for fish feeding continuously and discontinuously using alternate meals of tagged and untagged live prey. Temperature and fish size had significant effects on gut evacuation and consumption. The gut evacuation time increased with increasing fish size, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Mass-specific midgut contents increased for small larvae < 0.156 mg dry Mass (M-D) (c. 4 mm L-S), and decreased for larger larvae and juveniles. Maximum consumption was modelled by fitting a polynomial function to a reduced dataset of individuals feeding at high levels. The C-MAX model predicted an initial increase in specific feeding rate from 70 to 155% M-D day(-1) for small larvae, before declining for larger larvae and juveniles. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mark.wuenschel@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 723 EP 743 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00479.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855XK UT WOS:000224008000008 ER PT J AU Clarke, LM Friedland, KD AF Clarke, LM Friedland, KD TI Influence of growth and temperature on strontium deposition in the otoliths of Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; growth; otolith microchemistry; strontium; temperature ID CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION RATIOS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PORITES CORALS; FISH OTOLITHS; RED DRUM; SALAR; MICROCHEMISTRY AB Sr:Ca ratios measured in the otoliths of sea-caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar showed distinct seasonal peaks that were unrelated to water temperature and somatic growth, suggesting other factors have a greater influence on strontium deposition. Atlantic salmon remained in the sea-cages for two seasons, or equivalent to two-seawinter fish in the wild and were subjected to seasonally varying temperatures. Water temperature appeared to be inversely related to the Sr: Ca ratios, but this relationship was statistically not significant. Furthermore, water temperature could not explain the distinct increase in the strontium during the second year. The intensity of the Sr peaks increased in the second season while average winter water temperatures were consistent between years. Additionally, strontium deposition in the otoliths was unrelated to somatic growth. Somatic growth, as evidenced by circuli spacings on the scales, was largely invariant and therefore could not explain the observed peaks. Though not explicitly measured, the data are consistent with the notion that strontium deposition is a function of maturity state in Atlantic salmon. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, UMass NOAA CMER Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lora.clarke@msrc.sunysb.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 744 EP 759 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00480.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855XK UT WOS:000224008000009 ER PT J AU Aceves-Medina, G Jimenez-Rosenberg, SPA Hinojosa-Medina, A Funes-Rodriguez, R Saldierna-Martinez, RJ Smith, PE AF Aceves-Medina, G Jimenez-Rosenberg, SPA Hinojosa-Medina, A Funes-Rodriguez, R Saldierna-Martinez, RJ Smith, PE TI Fish larvae assemblages in the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish larvae assemblages; Gulf of California ID PACIFIC; AFFINITIES; ZONE AB The distributional diversity and assemblages of fish larvae in the Gulf of California indicated two main seasonal stages and two transitional periods: in winter, the tropical water mass is confined to the south-east portion of the mouth of the Gulf and larval fish assemblages are dominated by subtropical and temperate-subarctic species; in summer; tropical water invades the Gulf and assemblages are dominated by tropical species. Both seasonal stages are separated by transitional periods coinciding with strong latitudinal temperature gradients. During the autumn and spring transitional periods, the Gulf of California splits into three regions: a northern region where temperate and subarctic species spawn from autumn to spring, a southern region dominated by tropical and subtropical species year round and a central region where tropical and temperate assemblages merge. Seasonal changes in the location of the regions, as well as the borders between them, show expansion and contraction of the northern and southern faunas related to the general oceanic circulation patterns during the year. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Smith, PE (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Apdo Post 592, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. EM aceves651@prodigy.net.mx OI FUNES-RODRIGUEZ, RENE/0000-0002-6139-0861 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 832 EP 847 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00490.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855XK UT WOS:000224008000015 ER PT J AU Bates, TS Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Covert, DS Miller, TL Johnson, JE Carmichael, GR Uno, I Guazzotti, SA Sodeman, DA Prather, KA Rivera, M Russell, LM Merrill, JT AF Bates, TS Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Covert, DS Miller, TL Johnson, JE Carmichael, GR Uno, I Guazzotti, SA Sodeman, DA Prather, KA Rivera, M Russell, LM Merrill, JT TI Marine boundary layer dust and pollutant transport associated with the passage of a frontal system over eastern Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol chemistry; aerosol size distributions; ACE-Asia ID AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ORGANIC-MASS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES AB [1] Aerosol chemical composition and number size distributions were measured aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) from 14 March to 20 April 2001. This manuscript focuses on the prefrontal and postfrontal air masses sampled aboard the ship in the Sea of Japan between 6 and 15 April 2001 to illustrate the different chemical sources/mixtures off the coast of Asia resulting from the contrasting meteorological transport patterns. The prefrontal air masses had a dominant accumulation mode composed of pollution and volcanic aerosols. The aerosol was predominately ammonium sulfate and organic carbon. Minor amounts of dust were present in the marine boundary layer (MBL) as a result of subsidence from a pronounced Taklimakan dust aerosol layer aloft. The sea salt in both the submicron and supermicron modes was highly depleted in chloride from reaction with sulfuric and nitric acid vapors. The passage of a large low-pressure center, surrounded by a widespread distribution of airborne dust, on 10 April brought elevated concentrations of submicron and supermicron Gobi desert dust to the ship. The supermicron dust particles contained high concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, organic, and elemental carbon. The MBL aerosol properties and controlling processes described here provide data to evaluate and refine chemical transport models. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08648 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08648 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tim.bates@noaa.gov; patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov; djcoffma@u.washington.edu; dcovert@u.washington.edu; tlm4@u.washington.edu; jjalki@u.washington.edu; gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; serad@chem.ucsd.edu; dsodeman@chem.ucsd.edu; kprather@ucsd.edu; lrussell@princeton.edu; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 67 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S19 DI 10.1029/2003JD004094 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854GE UT WOS:000223888900001 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, MP Gharrett, AJ Wilmot, RL Smoker, WW AF Matsuoka, MP Gharrett, AJ Wilmot, RL Smoker, WW TI Genetic linkage mapping of allozyme loci in even- and odd-year pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MALATE DEHYDROGENASE LOCI; JOINT SEGREGATION; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RECOMBINATION RATES; BIOCHEMICAL LOCI; ENZYME LOCI; BROOK TROUT; INHERITANCE; FISHES AB We constructed genetic linkage maps of allozyme loci in even- and odd-year pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), using the total of 320 families (each female was crossed with two different males, and 80 females and 160 males were used for each of even year and odd year). The maps include eight linkage groups involving 22 loci. We observed substantial variation in recombination frequencies among different families within broodline and between sexes within broodlines. In the linkage analysis between sAAT-3* and sMDH-B1,2*, two even-year families and one odd-year family exhibited evidence of association, but two even-year and one odd-year families did not. Recombination rate tends to be reduced in males in pink salmon. The ratio of recombination rate (female/male), which ranged from 1.7 to infinity, averaged 2.8 in the even-year crosses and 3.2 in the odd-year crosses. The linkage groups (LG) I and II involving sAAT and mAH loci, which probably duplicated in the recent tetraploidization event, and the orders of loci in the LGs I (sAAT-3* --> mAH-4*) and II (mAH-3* --> sAAT-4*) were reversed, suggesting the possible paracentric inversion during salmonid evolution after the duplication. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Matsuoka, MP (reprint author), CNR, Inst Marine Biosci, 1411 Oxfoprd St, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. EM makoto.matsuoka@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh069 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 856XK UT WOS:000224079200007 PM 15388769 ER PT J AU Dower, JF Brodeur, RD AF Dower, JF Brodeur, RD TI The role of biophysical coupling in concentrating marine organisms around shallow topographies SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Dower, JF (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM dower@uvic.ca NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.04.002 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 864JM UT WOS:000224629800001 ER PT J AU Bosley, KL Lavelle, JW Brodeur, RD Wakefield, WW Emmett, RL Baker, ET Rehmke, KM AF Bosley, KL Lavelle, JW Brodeur, RD Wakefield, WW Emmett, RL Baker, ET Rehmke, KM TI Biological and physical processes in and around Astoria submarine Canyon, Oregort, USA SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization CY OCT 20, 2002 CL Qingdao, PEOPLES R CHINA DE submarine canyons; astoria canyon; currents; zooplankton; micronekton; fish; stable isotopes ID STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; BALTIMORE CANYON; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; INTERNAL WAVES; FEEDING-HABITS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BERING SEA; SHELF; FRACTIONATION; NITROGEN AB Astoria Canyon represents the westernmost portion of the Columbia River drainage system, with the head of the canyon beginning just 16 km west of the mouth of the Columbia River along the northern Oregon and southern Washington coasts. During the summer of 2001, physical, chemical, and biological measurements in the canyon were taken to better understand the hydrodynamic setting of and the feeding relationships among, the pelagic and benthic communities. Results show that currents were strongly tidal, and transport, where measured, was primarily up and into the canyon below shelf depth as previous studies in the canyon have shown. Temperature time series suggests that the largest diurnal oscillations occurred at, or were trapped near, the bottom of the canyon. Within the upper canyon, subtidal temperature was correlated with upper-level shelf-edge currents, linking subtidal upwelling events in the canyon with near-surface subtidal along-shore flow. Invertebrates, such as shrimp. euphausiids, and squid, as well as mesopelagic fishes, dominated the Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl catches along the canyon walls. Large trawl catches were comprised mainly of lake and rockfishes (shallow trawls) and macrourids, scorpaenids, stomiids. and zoarcids (bottom trawls). Gut-content analysis of rockfishes and lanternfishes revealed substantial use of midwater prey such as euphausiids and mesopelagic fishes. The delta(13)C values of fishes and invertebrates reflected local primary production, as indicated by particulate organic matter (POM) delta(13)C values from samples collected at various depths along the axis of the canyon, as well as across the canyon at several sites. The delta(15)N values of fishes and invertebrates indicated lanternfishes, along with euphausiids, amphipods, shrimp and squid, may be important dietary components of higher-tropic-level fishes in both the benthic and benthopelagic food webs. The delta(13)C and delta(15)N values of Sebastes species showed significant enrichment in the adults of species that are largely piscivorous relative to the values of adults of more omnivorous species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fishery Resource Anal & Moni, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bosley, KL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fishery Resource Anal & Moni, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Keith.Bosley@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.06.006 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 864JM UT WOS:000224629800003 ER PT J AU Wilson, CD Boehlert, GW AF Wilson, CD Boehlert, GW TI Interaction of ocean currents and resident micronekton at a seamount in the central North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization CY OCT 20, 2002 CL Qingdao, PEOPLES R CHINA DE seamounts; micronekton; acoustics; Maurolicus; Gnathophausia; retention; central North Pacific ID MESOPELAGIC-BOUNDARY COMMUNITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FEEDING ECOLOGY; TIDAL CURRENTS; COBB SEAMOUNT; FISH; SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; MIGRATION AB Seamounts are often characterized by unique faunas, which may include vertically migrating micronekton species. The two dominant seamount-associated micronekton at Southeast (SE) Hancock Seamount on the northern Hawaiian Ridge are the sternopthychid fish Maurolicus muelleri and the lophogastrid mysid Gnathophausia longispina. Distribution patterns for both species, based on midwater trawl and acoustic data, were compared with acoustic Doppler current profiler-measured ocean currents during four research cruises in 1987 and 1988. Populations of both species migrated above the seamount nightly. The distributions of these two species over the seamount were analyzed through acoustic surveys over the seamount flanks and summit. Differences between distributions in the first and second halves of the night were regulated by a combination of behavioural and physical processes. Ocean currents affected the localized nighttime aggregations over different regions of the summit within and between cruises. Currents over the summit had the potential to advect animals an average of 6-7 km per night (luring the first two cruises and about 2 kin per night during the last two cruises. Net and acoustic results indicated that G. longispina and M. muelleri were displaced to the downstream side of the summit through the night, but the distances of displacement were less than would have been predicted by advection alone. Both G. longispina and M muelleri appeared to resist advective loss from the seamount, although the short-term distributional patterns of the two species were subject to current-mediated influences. Very few specimens were taken 5 and 10 km from the summit or above 100 m depth. Behaviour patterns apparently facilitated the maintenance of these populations at this isolated seamount. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheires Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Wilson, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheires Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.wilson@noaa.gov NR 82 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.09.013 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 864JM UT WOS:000224629800004 ER PT J AU Turchinskaya, MJ Bendersky, LA Shapiro, AJ Chang, KS Takeuchi, I Roytburd, AL AF Turchinskaya, MJ Bendersky, LA Shapiro, AJ Chang, KS Takeuchi, I Roytburd, AL TI Rapid constructing magnetic phase diagrams by magneto-optical imaging of composition spread films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; SEPARATION; ANISOTROPY; FIELD AB In this paper we present a new method of the rapid construction of magnetic phase diagrams in a temperature-composition space, using magneto-optic imaging with an indicator film technique (MOIF). The method is applied for mapping the diagram for the La1-xCaxMnO3 colossal magneto-resistive oxide, using the spread films deposited on a SrTiO3 substrate. The constructed magnetic diagram is in a good agreement with data on uniform films and bulk crystals of this system. The MOIF study of transitions under cooling and heating has revealed the formation of a non-magnetic phase in the area of temperatures from 5 K to 57 K and compositions from x = 0 to x = 0.5. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leoben@nist.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2546 EP 2548 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0327 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 851MK UT WOS:000223689000006 ER PT J AU Allen, MD Evenson, KM Brown, JM AF Allen, MD Evenson, KM Brown, JM TI Part of the far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectrum of the HF+ free radical SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ENERGY CURVES; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; OH; CONSTANTS AB Transitions between the spin-rotational levels of the HF+ radical in the v = 0 level of the X(2)Pi ground state have been observed by the technique of laser magnetic resonance at far-infrared wavelengths. Because of the large spin-orbit coupling in this (2)Pi state, the detection of the fine-structure transitions required the use of very short-wavelength laser lines (down to 40 mum). These observations have provided accurate information on the F-19 hyperfine splittings in rotational levels of the upper (2)Pi(1/2) spin component for the first time which has enabled the complete determination of the hyperfine structure for this molecule. An effective Hamiltonian was used to model the experimental measurements; this provided considerably more accurate values for the various molecular parameters than previously available. Using these parameters, predictions of the transition frequencies between the low-lying spin-rotational levels of the radical at zero magnetic field have been made. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Xilinx, 3100 Log Dr, Longmont, CO 80503 USA. EM jmb@physchem.ox.ac.uk NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 227 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.05.001 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 844UF UT WOS:000223185400002 ER PT J AU Ohashi, N Hougen, JT Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ Kawashima, Y Fujitake, M Pyka, J AF Ohashi, N Hougen, JT Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ Kawashima, Y Fujitake, M Pyka, J TI Analysis and fit of the Fourier-transform microwave spectrum of the two-top molecule N-methylacetamide SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier-transform microwave spectrum ID TORSIONAL GROUND-STATE; LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; EXCITED-STATES; DIMETHYLALLENE; SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTIONS; GHZ; ACETONE AB The jet-cooled Fourier-transform microwave spectrum of N-methylacetamide (CH3-NH-C(=O)-CH3), a molecule containing two methyl tops with relatively low barriers to internal rotation, has been recorded and fit to nearly experimental uncertainty. Measurements were carried out between 10 and 26 GHz, with the nitrogen quadrupole splittings resolved for many transitions. The permutation-inversion group for this molecule is G(18) (not isomorphic to any point group), with irreducible representations A(1), A(2), E-1, E-2, E-3, and E-4. One of these symmetry species and the usual three asymmetric rotor quantum numbers J(KaKc) were assigned to each torsion-rotation level involved in the observed transitions. F values were assigned to hyperfine components, where F = J + I-N. Transitions involving levels of A(1) and A(2) species could be fit to an asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian. The other transitions were first fit separately for each symmetry species using a Pickett-like effective rotational Hamiltonian. Constants from these fits show a number of additive properties which can be correlated with sums and differences of effects involving the two tops. A final global fit to 48 molecular parameters for 839 hyperfine components of 216 torsion-rotation transitions involving 152 torsion-rotation levels was carried out using a newly written two-top computer program, giving a root-mean-square deviation of observed-minus-calculated residuals of 4 kHz. This program was written in the principal axis system of the molecule and uses a free-rotor basis set for each top, a symmetric-top basis set for the rotational functions, and a single-step diagonalization procedure. Such an approach requires quite long computation times, but it is much less prone to subtle programming errors (a consideration felt to be important since checking the new program against precise fits of low-barrier two-top molecules in the literature was not possible). The two internal rotation angles in this molecule correspond to the Ramachandran angles psi and phi often defined to describe polypeptide folding. Barriers to internal rotation about these two angles were found to be 73 and 79 cm(-1), respectively. Top-top coupling in both the kinetic and potential energy part of the Hamiltonian is relatively small in this molecule. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov NR 28 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 227 IS 1 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.04.017 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 844UF UT WOS:000223185400004 ER PT J AU Masiello, T Vulpanovici, N Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Blake, TA Sams, RL Weber, A AF Masiello, T Vulpanovici, N Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Blake, TA Sams, RL Weber, A TI Analysis of high-resolution infrared and CARS spectra of (SO3)-S-32-O-18 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared; CARS; spectrum; sulfur trioxide; oxygen-18; fermi resonance ID SULFUR-TRIOXIDE; COHERENT RAMAN; 2-NU(3) BANDS; HOT BANDS; (SO3)-S-34-O-16; NU(1); NU(2) AB As part of a series of investigations of isotopic forms of sulfur trioxide, high-resolution infrared and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopies were used to study the fundamental modes and several hot bands of (SO3)-S-32-O-18. Upper levels of hot bands originating from the v(2) and v(4) bending mode states have been found to couple strongly to the upper levels of the IR-inactive 1,1 symmetric stretch through indirect Coriolis interactions and Fermi resonances. Coriolis coupling effects are particularly noticeable in (SO3)-S-32-O-18 due to the close proximity of the v(2) and v(4) fundamental vibrations, whose deperturbed wavenumber values are 486.48813(4) and 504.28477(4) cm(-1). The uncertainties in the last digits are shown in parentheses and are two standard deviations. From the infrared transitions, accurate rovibrational constants are deduced for all of the mixed states, leading to deperturbed values for v(1), a(1)(beta), and alpha(1)(C) of 1004.68(2), 0.000713(2), and 0.000348(2) cm(-1), respectively. The B-e value is found to be 0.310820(2) cm(-1), yielding an equilibrium bond length r(e) of 141.7333(4) pm that is, within experimental uncertainty, identical to the value of 141,7339(3) pm reported previously for (SO3)-S-34-O-18. With this work, precise and accurate spectroscopic constants have now been determined in a systematic and consistent manner for all the fundamental vibrational modes of the sulfur trioxide D-3h isotopomeric forms (SO3)-S-32-O-16, (SO3)-S-34-O-16, (SO3)-S-32-O-18, and (SO3)-S-34-O-18. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 227 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.05.007 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 844UF UT WOS:000223185400006 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ AF Curry, JJ TI Compilation of wavelengths, energy levels, and transition probabilities for BaI and BaII SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE Ba; Ba+; barium; spectrum; wavelength; energy level; transition probabilities; atomic data; BaI; BaII ID 6SNF RYDBERG SERIES; NEUTRAL BARIUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ALKALINE-EARTHS; EVEN LEVELS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES AB Energy levels, wavelengths, and transition probabilities for the first and second spectra of barium, Ba I and Ba II, have been compiled. Wavelengths of observed transitions and energy levels derived from those wavelengths have been obtained from a critical evaluation of the available literature. Measured and calculated transition probabilities for some of the observed transitions have been obtained from the recent compilation of Klose [J. Z. Klose , J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31, 217 (2002)]. (C) 2004 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 725 EP 746 DI 10.1063/1.1643404 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 852YQ UT WOS:000223793200003 ER PT J AU Saloman, EB AF Saloman, EB TI Energy levels and observed spectral lines of xenon, Xe I through Xe LIV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE compilation; critically evaluated data; energy levels; observed spectral lines; spectra; Xe; xenon; xenon ions ID COLLISION-BASED SPECTROSCOPY; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; BEAM ION-TRAP; INTERFEROMETRIC WAVELENGTH DETERMINATIONS; NOUVELLES TRANSITIONS INFRAROUGES; 2-PHOTON LASER SPECTROSCOPY; 6-TIMES IONIZED XENON; EVEN-PARITY RYDBERG; LITHIUM-LIKE XENON; HELIUM-LIKE IONS AB The energy levels and observed spectral lines of the xenon atom, in all stages of ionization for which experimental data are available, have been compiled. Sufficient data were found to generate level and line tables for XeI-XeXI, XeXIX, XeXXV-XeXXIX, XeXLIII-XeXLV, and XeLI-XeLIV. For Xe LIII and XeLIV theoretical values are compiled for the energy levels. In 15 of the other stages a few lines are reported. Experimental g factors are included for XeI, XeII, and XeIII. A value, either experimental, semiempirical, or theoretical, is included for the ionization energy of each ion. (C) 2004 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saloman, EB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 181 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 765 EP 921 DI 10.1063/1.1649348 PG 157 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 852YQ UT WOS:000223793200005 ER PT J AU Fedorov, AV Pacanowski, RC Philander, SG Boccaletti, G AF Fedorov, AV Pacanowski, RC Philander, SG Boccaletti, G TI The effect of salinity on the wind-driven circulation and the thermal structure of the upper ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SURFACE SALINITY; EL-NINO; THERMOCLINE; STABILITY; PYCNOCLINE; MODEL AB Studies of the effect of a freshening of the surface waters in high latitudes on the oceanic circulation have thus far focused almost entirely on the deep thermohaline circulation and its poleward heat transport. Here it is demonstrated, by means of an idealized general circulation model, that a similar freshening can also affect the shallow, wind-driven circulation of the ventilated thermocline and its heat transport from regions of gain (mainly in the upwelling zones of low latitudes) to regions of loss in higher latitudes. A freshening that decreases the surface density gradient between low and high latitudes reduces this poleward heat transport, thus forcing the ocean to gain less heat in order to maintain a balanced heat budget. The result is a deepening of the equatorial thermocline. (The deeper the thermocline in equatorial upwelling zones is, the less heat the ocean gains.) For a sufficiently strong freshwater forcing, the poleward heat transport all but vanishes, and permanently warm conditions prevail in the Tropics. The approach to warm oceanic conditions is shown to introduce a bifurcation mechanism for the north-south asymmetry of the thermal and salinity structure of the upper ocean. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Fedorov, AV (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 208109, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM alexey.fedorov@yale.edu RI fedorov, alexey/F-1879-2010 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1949 EP 1966 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<1949:TEOSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 856WE UT WOS:000224075300001 ER PT J AU Yuan, GC Pratt, LJ Jones, CKRT AF Yuan, GC Pratt, LJ Jones, CKRT TI Cross-jet Lagrangian transport and mixing in a 2 1/2-layer model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC JETS; DEEP-OCEAN BENEATH; MEANDERING JET; GULF-STREAM; FLUID EXCHANGE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; PARTICLE EXCHANGE; FLOW; CYCLOGENESIS; DIFFUSION AB Cross-stream mixing and Lagrangian transport caused by chaotic advection within a baroclinic (2 1/2 layer) meandering jet are investigated. The quasi-steady meanders arise as a result of evolution from an initial small-amplitude instability. The investigation keys on the proposition, made in earlier work, that the cross-jet mixing and transport resulting from the meandering motions are maximized at a subsurface level. It is found that the results depend largely on the size of the shear between the two active layers (which are referred to as the upper and lower layer), as measured by a parameter alpha. For weak vertical shear (alpha greater than about 0.5) the primary instability is barotropic and there is no cross-jet transport in either of the active layers. Barriers to transport are identified as plateaus in the probability density function (PDF) of potential vorticity distributions. For stronger shear (alpha less than about 0.4), baroclinic instability comes into play, and the lower layer experiences barrier destruction followed by cross-jet exchange and mixing. The upper-layer barrier remains intact. The barrier destruction has a dynamical effect as evidenced by the decay of total variance of potential vorticity in the lower layer. Of interest is that the value of a estimated for the Gulf Stream lies in the range 0.4-0.5. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Yuan, GC (reprint author), Bauer Lab, 7 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gyuan@cgr.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1991 EP 2005 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<1991:CLTAMI>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 856WE UT WOS:000224075300004 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Hu, TJ Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Trinque, BC Schmid, GM Stewart, MD Willson, CG AF Jones, RL Hu, TJ Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Trinque, BC Schmid, GM Stewart, MD Willson, CG TI Formation of deprotected fuzzy blobs in chemically amplified resists SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE micropatterning; photolithography; reaction diffusion; small-angle neutron scattering; photoresists; morphology; nanotechnology ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; REACTION FRONT; PHOTORESISTS; SIMULATION; PATTERNS; SURFACE AB The requirement of nanometer dimensional control in photolithographic patterning underlies the future of emerging technologies, including next-generation semiconductors, nanofluids, photonics, and microelectromechanical systems. For chemically amplified resists, dimensional control is mediated by the diffusion and reaction of photogenerated acids within a polymer-based photoresist matrix. The complex nature of the combined processes of reaction and diffusion prohibit the routine measurement of this phenomenon. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we have measured the form of the diffusion-reaction path of a photogenerated acid within a model photoresist matrix with a labeled protection group on the polymer side group. During the deprotection reaction, changes in the scattering form factor result from the shape and form of the deprotected regions. The individual volumes or blobs of reacted material are diffuse, with a fuzzy boundary between the reacted and unreacted regions. The impact of these results on the pattern quality is also discussed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.jones@nist.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3063 EP 3069 DI 10.1002/polb.20168 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900003 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ AF Bauer, BJ TI Transformation of phase size distribution into scattering intensity SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chord length; high concentration; pores; scattering; two-phase; neutron scattering; SAXS; phase separation ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PERCUS-YEVICK FLUID; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; DIAMETERS; SYSTEMS AB A practical method of calculating the small-angle scattering intensity and the density correlation function from the phase size distribution is presented for a sample with a random two-phase morphology. The correlation function can be calculated in terms of joint probability distribution functions of the phase size distributions of the two individual phases with information from the chord length distribution. The phase size distribution is approximated as a weighted sum of exponentials, which is then transformed analytically into the correlation function and hence the small-angle scattering for any combination of phase size distributions of the two phases. This represents an extension of the Debye method for materials with more complex phase size distributions. The inverse problem of calculating the phase size distributions from the small-angle scattering requires a thermodynamic model or simplifying approximation. An example of the reverse transformation is given for a nanoporous polymer thin film. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 1001 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3070 EP 3080 DI 10.1002/polb.20174 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900004 ER PT J AU Malwitz, MM Butler, PD Porcar, L Angelette, DP Schmidt, G AF Malwitz, MM Butler, PD Porcar, L Angelette, DP Schmidt, G TI Orientation and relaxation of polymer-clay solutions studied by rheology and small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE clay; poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO); shear; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); solution; relaxation ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; RHEOMETRIC SHEARING APPARATUS; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; LAMELLAR PHASE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PEO MIXTURES; SANS; DISPERSIONS AB The influence of shear on viscoelastic solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and clay [montmorillonite, i.e., Cloisite NA+ (CNA)] was investigated with rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The steady-state viscosity and SANS were used to measure the shear-induced orientation and relaxation of the polymer and clay platelets. Anisotropic scattering patterns developed at much lower shear rates than in pure clay solutions. The scattering anisotropy saturated at low shear rates, and the CNA clay platelets aligned with the flow, with the surface normal parallel to the gradient direction. The cessation of Shear led to partial and slow randomization of the CNA platelets, whereas extremely fast relaxation was observed for laponite (LRD) platelets. These PEO-CNA networklike solutions were compared with previously reported PEO-LRD networks, and the differences and similarities, with respect to the shear orientation, relaxation, and polymer-clay interactions, were examined. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmidt, G (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gudrun@lsu.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3102 EP 3112 DI 10.1002/polb.20175 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900007 ER PT J AU Soles, CL Douglas, JF Wu, WL AF Soles, CL Douglas, JF Wu, WL TI Dynamics of thin polymer films: Recent insights from incoherent neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; neutron scattering; thin films ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; HARD-SPHERE FLUID; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-MOTION; FREE-VOLUME; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Incoherent neutron scattering is presented as a powerful tool for interpreting changes in molecular dynamics as a function of film thickness for a range of polymers. Motions on approximately nanosecond and faster timescales are quantified in terms of a mean-square atomic displacement () from the Debye-Waller factor. Thin-film confinement generally leads to a reduction of in comparison with the bulk material, and this effect becomes especially pronounced when the film thickness approaches the unperturbed dimensions of the macromolecule. Generally, there is a suppression (never an enhancement) of at temperatures T above the bulk calorimetric glass-transition temperature (T-g). Below T-g, the reduction in the magnitude of depends on the polymer and the length scales being probed. Polymers with extensive segmental or local mobility in the glass are particularly susceptible to reductions of with confinement, especially at the Q vectors probing these longer length scales, whereas materials lacking these sub-T-g motions are relatively insensitive. Moreover, a reduced value correlates with reduced mobility at long time and spatial scales, as measured by diffusion in these thin polymer films. Finally, this reduced thin-film mobility is not reliably predicted by thermodynamic assessments of an apparent T-g, as measured by discontinuities or kinks in the T dependence of the thermal expansion, specific volume, index of refraction, specific heat, and so forth. These measurements illustrate that is a powerful and predictive tool for understanding dynamic changes in thin polymer films. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 94 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3218 EP 3234 DI 10.1002/polb.20172 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900015 ER PT J AU Esker, AR Grull, H Satija, SK Han, CC AF Esker, AR Grull, H Satija, SK Han, CC TI Polymer dynamics in hydrogenous systems by neutron reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; LB films; nanotechnology; neutron reflectivity ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MEMBRANES; SURFACE-SEGREGATION; MARKER MOVEMENT; INTERDIFFUSION; DIFFUSION; BLENDS; COEXISTENCE; INTERFACE; MIXTURES; MODEL AB Neutron reflectivity is a powerful tool for exploring polymer dynamics above the glass-transition temperature at short diffusion times in layered thin-film systems. Recent studies of membrane-mediated interdiffusion in deuterium-labeled systems have shown that ultrathin membranes can track the position of the interface in binary polymeric diffusion couples and also can discriminate between perdeuterated and hydrogenous polymers of the same molecular weight. This report shows that similar dynamic information can be obtained for binary hydrogenous polystyrene (hPS) diffusion couples separated by an ultrathin (6-nm) isopentylcellulose cinnamate (IPCC) membrane on Si wafers (air//hPS/IPCC/hPS//Si, where "//" represents an interface between obviously different phases and "/" represents a dynamic interface between polymeric species). In particular, the air//hPS/IPCC/hPS//Si system provides the same information as perdeuterium-labeled polystyrene (dPS) diffusion couples separated by the same IPCC membrane (air//dPS/IPCC/dPS//Si). This technique has potential applications for the study of confinement effects on thin-film dynamics and macromolecular transport across membranes. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Esker, AR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM aesker@vt.edu; holger.gruell@philips.com NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3248 EP 3257 DI 10.1002/polb.20176 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900017 ER PT J AU Koga, T Ji, Y Seo, YS Gordon, C Qu, F Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Satija, SK AF Koga, T Ji, Y Seo, YS Gordon, C Qu, F Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Satija, SK TI Neutron reflectivity study of glassy polymer brushes in density fluctuating supercrifical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutron reflectivity; swelling; thin films ID SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; POOR SOLVENT; GRAFTED POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; PROFILE; CHAINS; LAYERS AB By using in situ neutron reflectivity, we measured the swelling behavior of two types of polymer brushes, deuterated polystyrene with a trichlorosilane end group and deuterated polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer, in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). The measurements were conducted in the pressure range of 0.1-20 MPa at 36 degreesC. The pressure dependence of the brush height clearly showed an anomalous peak at the density fluctuation ridge (pressure = 8.2 MPa) that defined the maximum long-range density fluctuation amplitude in the pressure-temperature phase diagram of carbon dioxide (CO2). The density profile of the brush, which could be approximated by a simple step function, and the magnitude of the brush height both indicated that the solvent quality of scCO(2) for the deuterated polystyrene brushes, vas still poor even at the density fluctuation ridge. In addition, atomic force microscopy images for the frozen polystyrene brush prepared by the rapid drying of CO2 showed a phase-separated structure, as predicted from the numerical calculations of Grest and Murat, as a function of the variable Nsigma, where N is the polymerization index and sigma is the grafting density. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Half Hollow Hills High Sch E, Dix Hills, NY 11746 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.ce.sunysb.edu; mrafailovich@notes.ec.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Ji, Yuan/A-6180-2010 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3282 EP 3289 DI 10.1002/polb.20179 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900020 ER PT J AU Yim, H Kent, MS Satija, S Mendez, S Balamurugan, SS Balamurugan, S Lopez, CP AF Yim, H Kent, MS Satija, S Mendez, S Balamurugan, SS Balamurugan, S Lopez, CP TI Study of the conformational change of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted chains in water with neutron reflection: Molecular weight dependence at high grafting density SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide); grafted polymers; conformational analysis; neutron reflectivity ID POLY-N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; SINGLE-CHAIN; TEMPERATURE; BRUSHES; BEHAVIOR; DETACHMENT; INTERFACES; SCATTERING AB The temperature-dependent conformational change of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes in D2O was investigated as a function of the molecular weight (M) at a high grafting density with neutron reflection. PNIPAM chains with three different M values were grafted at the same high surface density from a gold surface by atom transfer radical polymerization. A significant change in the segment concentration profile was observed for all three samples as the temperature passed through the lower critical solution temperature (similar to30 degreesC), in contrast to previous results obtained for samples with much lower surface density. Somewhat surprisingly, the fractional change in the first moment of the segment concentration profile () from 20 to 41 degreesC was weaker with increasing M. This is contrary to the trend for systems involving only van der Waals (VDW) interactions, in which higher M chains experience larger conformational changes with change in solvent quality. Indeed, the M dependence of the first moment of the segment concentration profile for the grafted PNIPAM chains at 20 degreesC was much weaker than has been reported previously for dense brushes involving only VDW interactions under good solvent conditions. At 20 degreesC, the form of the segment concentration profile varied systematically with M. A single-layer profile resulted for the highest M, but the profiles became more bilayer in character with decreasing M. At 41 degreesC, the profiles for all three samples were adequately described by a single dense layer with a smooth transition region to bulk D2O. The weak dependence of on M at 20 degreesC and the trend from a bilayer profile at lower M to a single-layer profile at higher M appear to be related. These results are interpreted in terms of concentration-dependent segment-segment interactions that result in a weak attraction for high segment densities at 20 degreesC. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mskent@sandia.gov NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17 BP 3302 EP 3310 DI 10.1002/polb.20169 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848OL UT WOS:000223476900022 ER PT J AU Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Fraser, GT AF Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Fraser, GT TI THz laser study of self-pressure and temperature broadening and shifts of water vapor lines for pressures up to 1.4kPa SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Far IR; water; vapor; self; lineshape ID PERTURBER DEPENDENCES; SPECTROMETER; TERAHERTZ; WIDTHS; GHZ AB The self-broadened linewidths of pure rotational lines of water vapor have been investigated in the temperature range 263-340 K over a pressure range from 30-1400 Pa using an optically pumped THz photomixer spectrometer having a relative precision of approximate to 10(-5) cm(-1). The lineshapes of several lines between 12 and 52 cm(-1) were well fit by Lorentzian profiles over the spectral interval spanning 5 FWHM. The Lorentzian FWHM linewidths varied between 6.6 x 10(-6) and 1.06 x 10(-6) cm(-1) Pa-1 (0.67 and 1.07 cm(-1) atm(-1)) and were found to depend on the J, K-a and K-c quantum numbers as well as temperature. The observed pressure-induced shifts, deltav(P), ranged from 1.3 x 10(-7) -4.5 x 10(-7) cm(-1) Pa-1 (0.013-0.046 cm(-1) atm(-1)). The measured linewidths also exhibited a (T-0/T)(n) power law dependence on temperature. The best fit exponent n varied from 0.56 to 0.81, dependent on rotational line. A decrease in deltav(T) with increasing temperature is also observed, varying between 2 x 10(-8) and 5 x 10(-8) cm(-1) Pa-1 (2 x 10(-3) and 5 x 10(-3) cm(-1) atm(-1)) over the 300-340 K temperature range. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vyacheslav.podobedov@nist.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.03.001 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 836KA UT WOS:000222553200011 ER PT J AU Mielenz, KD AF Mielenz, KD TI Optical diffraction in close proximity to plane apertures. III. Modified, self-consistent theory SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bidirectional scalar fields; boundary-value theory; circular apertures; diffraction; Kirchhoff; irradiance; near zone; optics; polarization; Rayleigh; scalar wave functions; slits; Sommerfeld; transmission coefficients ID CIRCULAR APERTURES AB The classical theory of diffraction at plane apertures illuminated by normally incident light is modified so that diffraction on the source side of the screen is taken into consideration and the energy transport across the aperture plane is described by continuous functions. The modified field expressions involve the sums and differences of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integrals as descriptors of a bidirectional flow of energy in the near zones on either side of the aperture. The theory is valid for unpolarized fields, and a pragmatic argument is presented that it is applicable to metallic as well as black screens. The modified field expressions are used for numerical near-field computations of the diffraction profiles and transmission coefficients of circular apertures and slits. In the mid zone the modified theory is reduced to the Fresnel approximation, and here the latter may be used with confidence. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mielenz, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM klausm@hereintown.net NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000001 PM 27366625 ER PT J AU White, CC Embree, E Byrd, WE Patel, AR AF White, CC Embree, E Byrd, WE Patel, AR TI Development of a high throughput method incorporating traditional analytical devices SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical chemistry; combinatorial; high efficiency; high throughput; methodology ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SYSTEMS; COMPONENTS; SINGLE AB A high-throughput (high throughput is the ability to process large numbers of samples) and companion informatics system has been developed and implemented. High throughput is defined as the ability to autonomously evaluate large numbers of samples, while an informatics system provides the software control of the physical devices, in addition to the organization and storage of the generated electronic data. This high throughput system includes both an ultra-violet and visible light spectrometer (UV-Vis) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) integrated with a multi sample positioning table. This method is designed to quantify changes in polymeric materials occurring from controlled temperature, humidity and high flux UV exposures. The integration of the software control of these analytical instruments within a single computer system is presented. Challenges in enhancing the system to include additional analytical devices are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM c.white@nist.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 465 EP 477 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000002 PM 27366626 ER PT J AU Wojcik, GS AF Wojcik, GS TI Determining the uncertainty of x-ray absorption measurements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cement paste; moisture; mortar; non-destructive testing; Poisson process; x-ray absorption ID CEMENT PASTES; CONCRETE AB X-ray absorption (or more properly, x-ray attenuation) techniques have been applied to study the moisture movement in and moisture content of materials like cement paste, mortar, and wood. An increase in the number of x-ray counts with time at a location in a specimen may indicate a decrease in moisture content. The uncertainty of measurements from an x-ray absorption system, which must be known to properly interpret the data, is often assumed to be the square root of the number of counts, as in a Poisson process. No detailed studies have heretofore been conducted to determine the uncertainty of x-ray absorption measurements or the effect of averaging data on the uncertainty. In this study, the Poisson estimate was found to adequately approximate normalized root mean square errors (a measure of uncertainty) of counts for point measurements and profile measurements of water specimens. The Poisson estimate, however, was not reliable in approximating the magnitude of the uncertainty when averaging data from paste and mortar specimens. Changes in uncertainty from differing averaging procedures were well-approximated by a Poisson process. The normalized root mean square errors decreased when the x-ray source intensity, integration time, collimator size, and number of scanning repetitions increased. Uncertainties in mean paste and mortar count profiles were kept below 2% by averaging vertical profiles at horizontal spacings of 1 mm or larger with counts per point above 4000. Maximum normalized root mean square errors did not exceed 10% in any of the tests conducted. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wojcik, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gary.wojcik@ngc.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 479 EP 496 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000003 PM 27366627 ER PT J AU Munro, RG AF Munro, RG TI Analytical representations of elastic moduli data with simultaneous dependence on temperature and porosity SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical model; ceramics; elastic moduli; polycrystalline materials ID MINIMUM SOLID AREA; ULTRASONIC VELOCITY; YOUNG MODULUS; CERAMIC MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTORY MATERIALS; SINTERED MATERIALS; POROUS CERAMICS; MODEL; DERIVATION AB An analytical model providing simultaneous, self-consistent representations of the temperature and porosity dependence of the elastic and bulk moduli of polycrystalline ceramics is applied to data compiled from the literature for 24 oxide ceramics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Munro, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000004 PM 27366628 ER PT J AU Stone, PM Kim, YK AF Stone, PM Kim, YK TI Electron-impact cross sections for ground state to np excitations of sodium and potassium SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core polarization; electron-impact; excitation cross section; potassium; sodium ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CORE POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; ATOMS; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; LITHIUM; LINES; NA AB Cross sections for electron impact excitation of atoms are important for modeling of low temperature plasmas and gases. While there are many experimental and theoretical results for excitation to the first excited states, little information is available for excitation to higher states. We present here calculations of excitations from the ground state to the np levels of sodium (n = 3 through 11) and potassium (n = 4 through 12). We also present a calculation for a transition from the excited sodium level 3p to 3d to show the generality of the method. Scaling formulas developed earlier by Kim [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032713 (2001)] for plane-wave Born cross sections are used. These formulas have been shown to be remarkably accurate yet simple to use. We have used a core polarization potential in a Dirac-Fock wave function code to calculate target atom wave functions and a matching form of the dipole transition operator to calculate oscillator strengths and Born cross sections. The scaled Born results here for excitation to the first excited levels are in very good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data, and the results for excitation to the next few levels are in satisfactory agreement with the limited data available. The present results for excitation to the higher levels are believed to be the only data available. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM philip.stone@nist.gov; yong-ki.kim@nist.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 505 EP 515 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000005 PM 27366629 ER PT J AU Slattery, O Lu, RC Zheng, J Byers, F Tang, X AF Slattery, O Lu, RC Zheng, J Byers, F Tang, X TI Stability comparison of recordable optical discs - A study of error rates in harsh conditions SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE archiving; CD-R; digital preservation; DVD-R; error rates; life expectancy AB The reliability and longevity of any storage medium is a key issue for archivists and preservationists as well as for the creators of important information. This is particularly true in the case of digital media such as DVD and CD where a sufficient number of errors may render the disc unreadable. This paper describes an initial stability study of commercially available recordable DVD and CD media using accelerated aging tests under conditions of increased temperature and humidity. The effect of prolonged exposure to direct light is also investigated and shown to have an effect on the error rates of the media. Initial results show that high quality optical media have very stable characteristics and may be suitable for long-term storage applications. However, results also indicate that significant differences exist in the stability of recordable optical media from different manufacturers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slattery, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ollie@nist.gov; richangl@yahoo.com; jian.zheng@netzero.com; byers@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 517 EP 524 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 882VC UT WOS:000225966000006 PM 27366630 ER PT J AU Etyemezian, V Ahonen, S Nikolic, D Gillies, J Kuhns, H Gillette, D Veranth, J AF Etyemezian, V Ahonen, S Nikolic, D Gillies, J Kuhns, H Gillette, D Veranth, J TI Deposition and removal of fugitive dust in the arid southwestern United States: Measurements and model results SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Colloquium on PM and Human Health CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; VERTICAL DISPERSION; PARAMETERIZATION; INSTRUMENTS; EMISSIONS; SCALAR AB This work was motivated by the need to better reconcile emission factors for fugitive dust with the amount of geologic material found on ambient filter samples. The deposition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mum (PM10), generated by travel over an unpaved road, over the first 100 m of transport downwind of the road was examined at Ft. Bliss, near El Paso, TX. The field conditions, typical for warm days in the and southwestern United States, represented sparsely vegetated terrain under neutral to unstable atmospheric conditions. Emission fluxes of PM10 dust were obtained from towers downwind of the unpaved road at 7, 50, and 100 m. The horizontal flux measurements at the 7 m and 100 m towers indicated that PM10 deposition to the vegetation and ground was too small to measure. The data indicated, with 95% confidence, that the loss of PM10 between the source of emission at the unpaved road, represented by the 7 m tower, and a point 100 m downwind was less than 9.5%. A Gaussian model was used to simulate the plume. Values of the vertical standard deviation sigma(z) and the deposition velocity V, were similar to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ISC3 model. For the field conditions, the model predicted that removal of PM10 unpaved road dust by deposition over the distance between the point of emission and 100 m downwind would be less than 5%. However, the model results also indicated that particles larger than 10 mum (aerodynamic diameter) would deposit more appreciably. The model was consistent with changes observed in size distributions between 7 m and 100 m downwind, which were measured with optical particle counters. The Gaussian model predictions were also compared with another study conducted over rough terrain and stable atmospheric conditions. Under such conditions, measured PM10 removal rates over 95 m of downwind transport were reported to be between 86% and 89%, whereas the Gaussian model predicted only a 30% removal. One explanation for the large discrepancy between measurements and model results was the possibility that under the conditions of the study, the dust plume was comparable in vertical extent to,the roughness elements, thereby violating one of the model assumptions. Results of the field study reported here and the previous work over rough terrain bound the extent of particle deposition expected to occur under most unpaved road emission scenarios. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Appl Modeling Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Etyemezian, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, DRI,755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM vic@dri.edu RI Kuhns, Hampden/C-3563-2008 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1099 EP 1111 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851RB UT WOS:000223701500008 PM 15468663 ER PT J AU Roundy, PE Frank, WM AF Roundy, PE Frank, WM TI A climatology of waves in the equatorial region SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; ROSSBY-GRAVITY-WAVES; ATMOSPHERIC WAVES; CONVECTION; CISK; INSTABILITY; CIRCULATION; ASSOCIATION AB Propagating anomalies of moisture and moist deep convection in the Tropics are organized into a variety of large-scale modes. These include (but are not limited to) the so-called intraseasonal oscillations, convectively coupled waves similar to those predicted by shallow water theory on the equatorial beta plane, and tropicald-epression-type disturbances. Along with the annual and diurnal cycles, these modes act and interact to control much of the variance of tropical convection. Analyses of 10 yr of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and precipitable water (PW) data are carried out to develop comparative climatologies of these wavelike modes. The analysis relaxes the commonly used cross-equatorial symmetry constraints, which allows study of the portions of the wavelike processes that are asymmetric across the equator. Mean background states are found for OLR and for PW as functions of day of the year. Examination of anomalies together with the background reveals much about how the waves are affected by their environments. Zonal wavenumber-frequency spectral analyses are performed on these anomalies. Following the spectral analyses, the OLR and the PW data are then filtered for specific regions of the wavenumber-frequency domain. Results show how variance generated by propagating modes is distributed in time and space, approximately illustrating the relative contributions of the wave modes to regional OLR and PW variability. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Roundy, PE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM proundy@al.noaa.gov NR 33 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 17 BP 2105 EP 2132 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2105:ACOWIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850IX UT WOS:000223605700001 ER PT J AU Randel, WJ Wu, F Oltmans, SJ Rosenlof, K Nedoluha, GE AF Randel, WJ Wu, F Oltmans, SJ Rosenlof, K Nedoluha, GE TI Interannual changes of stratospheric water vapor and correlations with tropical tropopause temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; RADIO OCCULTATION; III MEASUREMENTS; QBO VARIATIONS; POLAR OZONE; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; POAM AB Interannual variations of stratospheric water vapor over 1992-2003 are studied using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite measurements. Interannual anomalies in water vapor with an approximate 2-yr periodicity are evident near the tropical tropopause, and these propagate vertically and latitudinally with the mean stratospheric transport circulation (in a manner analogous to the seasonal "tape recorder''). Unusually low water vapor anomalies are observed in the lower stratosphere for 2001-03. These interannual anomalies are also observed in Arctic lower-stratospheric water vapor measurements by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) satellite instrument during 1998-2003. Comparisons of the HALOE data with balloon measurements of lower-stratospheric water vapor at Boulder, Colorado (40degreesN), show partial agreement for seasonal and interannual changes during 1992-2002, but decadal increases observed in the balloon measurements for this period are not observed in HALOE data. Interannual changes in HALOE water vapor are well correlated with anomalies in tropical tropopause temperatures. The approximate 2-yr periodicity is attributable to tropopause temperature changes associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM randel@ucar.edu RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 63 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 17 BP 2133 EP 2148 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2133:ICOSWV>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850IX UT WOS:000223605700002 ER PT J AU Majda, AJ Khouider, B AF Majda, AJ Khouider, B TI A model for convectively coupled tropical waves: Nonlinearity, rotation, and comparison with observations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; EQUATORIAL WAVES; WESTERN PACIFIC; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; STRATIFORM INSTABILITY; CLOUD CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; CISK; ITCZ AB Recent observational analysis of both individual realizations and statistical ensembles identifies moist convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the Tropics with supercluster envelopes of convection. This observational analysis elucidates several key features of these waves including their propagation speed of roughly 15 m s(-1) and many aspects of their dynamical structure. This structure includes anomalously cold temperatures in the lower troposphere and warm temperatures in the upper troposphere (below 250 hPa) within and sometimes leading the heating region and strong updrafts in the wave, and an upward and westward tilting structure with height below roughly 250 hPa. Other key features in the wave are that anomalous increases in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and surface precipitation lead the wave while the trailing part of the supercluster is dominated by stratiform precipitation. The main result in this paper is the development of a simple model convective parameterization with nonlinear convectively coupled moist gravity waves, which reproduce many of the features of the observational record listed above in a qualitative fashion. One key feature of the model convective parameterization is the systematic use of two vertical modes with one representing deep convective heating and the other stratiform heating. The other key feature in the model is the explicit parameterization of the separate deep convective and stratiform contribution to the downdrafts, which change equivalent potential temperature in the boundary layer. The effects of rotation on convectively coupled equatorial waves are also included through a suitable linear stability theory for the model convective parameterization about radiative convective equilibrium. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Majda, AJ (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM jonjon@cims.nyu.edu NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 17 BP 2188 EP 2205 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2188:AMFCCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850IX UT WOS:000223605700005 ER PT J AU Mapes, BE AF Mapes, BE TI Sensitivities of cumulus-ensemble rainfall in a cloud-resolving model with parameterized large-scale dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; GRAVITY-WAVES; SQUALL LINES; PHASE-III; CIRCULATIONS; PROFILES; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; BUDGETS AB The problem of closure in cumulus parameterization requires an understanding of the sensitivities of convective cloud systems to their large-scale setting. As a step toward such an understanding, this study probes some sensitivities of a simulated ensemble of convective clouds in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM). The ensemble is initially in statistical equilibrium with a steady imposed background forcing (cooling and moistening). Large-scale stimuli are imposed as horizontally uniform perturbations nudged into the model fields over 10 min, and the rainfall response of the model clouds is monitored. In order to reduce a major source of artificial insensitivity in the CRM, a simple parameterization scheme is devised to account for heating-induced large-scale (i.e., domain averaged) vertical motions that would develop in nature but are forbidden by the periodic boundary conditions. The effects of this large-scale vertical motion are parameterized as advective tendency terms that are applied as a uniform forcing throughout the domain, just like the background forcing. This parameterized advection is assumed to lag rainfall (used as a proxy for heating) by a specified time scale. The time scale determines (via a gravity wave space-time conversion factor) the size of the large-scale region represented by the periodic CRM domain, which can be of arbitrary size or dimensionality. The sensitivity of rain rate to deep cooling and moistening, representing an upward displacement by a large-scale wave of first baroclinic mode structure, is positive. Near linearity is found for +/-1 K perturbations, and the sensitivity is about equally divided between temperature and moisture effects. For a second baroclinic mode (vertical dipole) displacement, the sign of the perturbation in the lower troposphere dominates the convective response. In this dipole case, the initial sensitivity is very large, but quantitative results are distorted by the oversimplified large-scale dynamics parameterization, which only allows for deep baroclinic mode responses. Imposition of moderate wind shear (10 m s(-1) over the troposphere) has no significant impact on rain rate. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mapes, BE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mapes@colorado.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 18 BP 2308 EP 2317 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2308:SOCRIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855NY UT WOS:000223981900006 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM Richardson, JS Bull, JP AF Kiffney, PM Richardson, JS Bull, JP TI Establishing light as a causal mechanism structuring stream communities in response to experimental manipulation of riparian buffer width SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE communities; consumers; light; primary producers; riparian buffers; scale; streams; tadpoles ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PLANT HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; HEADWATER STREAMS; FOREST CANOPY; PERIPHYTON; INVERTEBRATE; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB Previous studies on the effects of logging on streams have suggested that light and water temperature were important variables structuring stream communities but, in many cases, these effects were confounded. We observed pronounced gradients in the flux of solar energy and water temperature in an earlier large-scale experiment in which we manipulated the width of riparian buffers along headwater streams. Associated with these abiotic changes were increases in periphyton biomass and primary consumer abundance. We present results from a study in streamside channels that was designed to isolate the effects of light on stream communities, while holding water temperature constant. Light treatments in the channel experiment simulated inputs of solar radiation created during the prior watershed-scale experiment. Results from the present study suggested that consumers limited periphyton biomass early in the study; however, a rainstorm midway through the experiment reduced periphyton biomass and insect consumer abundance. Following this disturbance, chlorophyll a biomass was 2 to 4 times higher in the full sunlight treatment compared to the 2 lowest light treatments. At the end of the study, primary consumer abundance, biomass, survival, and growth rate were positively related to light and periphyton resources. Therefore, we inferred biotic control of periphyton during the early part of the channel study, whereas light appeared to control periphyton at the end of the study. Results from the large-scale and channel experiments suggested that light was the primary constraint on periphyton biomass accrual. Moreover, both experiments, especially the channel study, showed that light indirectly influenced consumer performance as mediated by increased primary production. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. Univ Washington, Div Ecosyst Sci, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov; john.richardson@ub.ca; jbull@telus.net RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012 OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 26 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 542 EP 555 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0542:ELAACM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859RH UT WOS:000224285100011 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA AF Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA TI Relationships among photoperiod, carbon fixation, growth, chlorophyll a, and cellular iron and zinc in a coastal diatom SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHOTO-CHEMICAL CAPACITY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; TRACE-METALS; USE EFFICIENCIES; LIMITING FACTORS; LIGHT-INTENSITY; DIEL VARIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB sWe conducted culture experiments with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to determine the interactive effects of day length and biologically available concentrations of iron and zinc on cellular iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and fixed carbon (C) throughout the light period. Specific rates of C-fixation and growth were also measured. Specific C-fixation rates showed a single linear relation with the cellular Fe: C ratio regardless of the photoperiod. Decreasing the photoperiod from 14 to 7 h increased the mean daytime cellular Fe:C ratio by 40%, the specific C-fixation rate by 34%, and the Chl a:C ratio by 91% in mildly iron-limited cultures. These changes reflect a cellular acclimation to the shortened light period. The higher cellular iron level apparently allowed for synthesis of additional iron-rich proteins (e.g., those utilized in photosynthetic electron transport) needed to support the increased rate of C-fixation. Mean cellular Chl a concentration decreased linearly with decreasing specific growth rate under iron and zinc limitation, thereby allowing the cells to maintain a balance between light harvesting and biosynthesis. Cellular concentrations of carbon, Chl a, zinc, and iron typically varied during the light period because of the day-night differences in rates of C-fixation, Chl a synthesis, growth, and metal uptake. Cell carbon concentrations increased by 36-96% during the light period, reflecting daytime storage of fixed carbon to support nighttime respiration and growth. Cellular zinc concentrations decreased by 25% during the light period owing to higher daytime specific growth rates and resulting higher rates of biodilution. By contrast, the direction of change in cellular iron concentrations was dependent on the extent of photochemical redox cycling of iron chelates, which increased iron uptake rates during the day. The direction and magnitude of daytime changes in cellular zinc and iron were also dependent on the parameter (cell volume, cell numbers, or carbon) to which the cellular metal was normalized, as each of these parameters exhibited its own unique diurnal pattern. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1742 EP 1753 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JT UT WOS:000224979900025 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Hallock, P AF Williams, DE Hallock, P TI Bleaching in Amphistegina gibbosa d'Orbigny (Class Foraminifera): observations from laboratory experiments using visible and ultraviolet light SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIONT-BEARING FORAMINIFERA; CORAL-REEF ORGANISMS; LARGER FORAMINIFERA; FLORIDA KEYS; RADIATION; POPULATIONS; ZOOXANTHELLAE; RESPONSES; OZONE AB Bleaching (visible loss of symbiont color) in populations of the diatom-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina has been recorded from reefs worldwide since 1991. Field studies and previous laboratory experiments have strongly implicated solar radiation as a factor in bleaching stress. The influence of spectral quality and quantity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) on growth rates and bleaching in Amphistegina gibbosa was investigated in the laboratory using fluorescent sources of PAR ('blue' with a spectral peak at 450 nm and 'white' with a 600-nm spectral peak) and biologically effective ultraviolet radiation [UVB (280-320 nm)]. Growth rate, as indicated by increase in maximum shell diameter, saturated at a PAR of 6-8 mumol photon m(-2) s(-1), increased in 'blue' light, and was not influenced by UVB less than or equal to 0.0162 W m(-2). Frequency of bleaching increased with increasing PAR photon flux density and with exposure to shorter wavelengths. with or without an increase in total energy. Growth was significantly inhibited by UVB at 0.105 W m-2. Specimens in treatments exposed to UVB to PAR ratios >0.003 became dark in color, rather than bleaching, which previous cytological studies indicate is a photo-protective response. Implications of these experiments are that environmental factors that affect either the spectral quality or quantity of solar radiation can influence bleaching in Amphistegina. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), NMFS, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33129 USA. EM Dana.Williams@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 145 IS 4 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1351-5 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 862YO UT WOS:000224527600001 ER PT J AU Buonaccorsi, VP Westerman, M Stannard, J Kimbrell, C Lynn, E Vetter, RD AF Buonaccorsi, VP Westerman, M Stannard, J Kimbrell, C Lynn, E Vetter, RD TI Molecular genetic structure suggests limited larval dispersal in grass rockfish, Sebastes rastrelliger SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PELAGIC LARVAL; GENUS SEBASTES; F-STATISTICS; EL-NINO; FLOW; DISTANCE; DIFFERENTIATION; PATTERNS AB The grass rockfish (Sebastes rastrelliger Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) Is a non-migratory, benthic, near shore species distributed along rocky reefs and sea grass beds. It occurs from Baja California, Mexico, to Oregon, USA, spanning the Oregonian and Californian biogeographic provinces. In California this fish receives intense fishing pressure from an expanding and loosely regulated live-fish fishery. It is not known whether or by what mechanism larvae and juveniles are retained locally or dispersed widely during the early life-history phase. Tissue samples of S. rastrelliger were collected between 1996 and 2001 from 405 adult fish at eight sites (42.70degreesN: 124.50degreesW to 32.67degreesN; 117.25degreesW) spanning the species' range. Individuals were surveyed for polymorphism at six microsatellite loci. Allele frequency heterogeneity was not significant among all sites (F-ST=0.001; P = 0.18), nor in pairwise comparisons, but a clear correlation of genetic and geographic distance was detected (P=0.019). Fit of genetic and geographic distance was stronger within biogeographic provinces than at a range-wide scale. suggesting that populations north and south of the Point Conception biogeographic boundary are not in equilibrium with respect to migration and genetic drift. Estimates of mean coastal dispersal distances associated with the isolation-by-distance relationship are on the order of 10 km generation(-1). Such limited disc persal in a species with a pelagic early life history suggests active retention mechanisms near the shore. This has important implications for coastal management zones and design of marine reserves. C1 Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Buonaccorsi, VP (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, 1700 Moore St, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. EM buonaccorsi@juniata.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 57 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 145 IS 4 BP 779 EP 788 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1362-2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 862YO UT WOS:000224527600016 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Logdson, ML Hobbs, RC Heagerty, P Dietz, R Jorgensen, OA Treble, MA AF Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Logdson, ML Hobbs, RC Heagerty, P Dietz, R Jorgensen, OA Treble, MA TI Seasonal narwhal habitat associations in the high Arctic SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; MONODON-MONOCEROS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BAFFIN-ISLAND; SPACE USE; SELECTION; GREENLAND; MOVEMENTS; NORTHWEST AB Movements and behavior of top marine predators are often closely linked with productive oceanic fronts or regional prey aggregations. Consequently, it is of interest to quantify habitat needs and preferences, which can facilitate predictions of conditions favoring persistence and success. Multivariate habitat models of movements and dive behavior of narwhals (Monodon monoceros, Linnaeus) in the eastern Canadian high Arctic and West Greenland were developed using data collected from satellite telemetry studies on three separate sub-populations. Twenty-six narwhals were captured between 1993 and 2000 and fitted with satellite-linked time-depth recorders. Geographic positions of whales at 24-h time steps were linked to dive behavior variables compressed on a daily scale, including numbers of dives to different target depths or durations, time near the surface, daily dive rate, and travel speed. Whale movements and behavior were linked to biophysical variables in a raster format using a GIS (bathymetry, bottom topography, bottom temperature, and distance from the coastline) and analyzed using linear and generalized linear mixed models, accounting for temporal autocorrelation and random variation among individuals. Models suggested that several physical variables described narwhal behavior, predominantly bathymetry and distance from the coastline (particularly deep or long dives). Other descriptor variables, such as size category and sex, also explained portions of the model variability, particularly for shallow dives, surface time, and dive rates. Bottom temperature (degreesC) was the strongest predictor of all dive behaviors when narwhal location data were restricted to periods with available temperatures. The bottom temperature range and gradient selected by narwhals on their wintering grounds often coincided with areas of concurrent high density of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Walbaum) and predictable open water in winter pack ice in Baffin Bay. These quantitative habitat models made it possible to reconcile the behavioral traits of narwhals with dynamic environmental factors. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. AFSC, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent Arctic Reg, Inst Freshwater, Sci Lab, Winnipeg, MB RT3 2N6, Canada. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Kristin.Laidre@noaa.gov RI Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 145 IS 4 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1371-1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 862YO UT WOS:000224527600020 ER PT J AU Lewsey, C Cid, G Kruse, E AF Lewsey, C Cid, G Kruse, E TI Assessing climate change impacts on coastal infrastructure in the Eastern Caribbean SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE climate change; coastal infrastructure; land-use planning; integrated coastal management; Eastern Caribbean AB Expected effects of changes in global climate include warmer temperatures, rising sea levels, and potentially more frequent and severe extreme weather events such as hurricanes and tropical storms. Low-lying states in the Caribbean are especially vulnerable to these effects, posing significant risks to public safety and natural resources. This paper highlights expected trends in the Eastern Caribbean and examines the impacts of urbanization and supporting infrastructure, siting of major structures in high-hazard areas, and negative land-use practices on fragile coastal ecosystems. It focuses on the need to reduce the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure and land uses, arguing for effective linkages between climate change issues and development planning. The paper also provides general recommendations and identifies challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Int Programs Off, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lewsey, C (reprint author), NOAA, Int Programs Off, Natl Ocean Serv, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM clement.lewsey@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2003.10.016 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 837YD UT WOS:000222676400004 ER PT J AU da Silva, PP AF da Silva, PP TI From common property to co-management: lessons from Brazil's first maritime extractive reserve SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Brazil; extractive reserve; collaborative management; marine protected area AB Marine extractive reserves (MER) are being established in coastal areas of Brazil to protect 'traditional' coastal populations and the marine resources upon which their livelihoods depend. This paper examines the challenges Brazil's first open-water MER is facing in trying to achieve these goals. Results from a pilot project in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro suggest that significant social barriers to collective action exist and that local resource governing institutions are not robust. Consequently, fishers are not becoming decisive players in the decision-making process. The implications of these conclusions for future maritime conservation policy in Brazil are explored. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP da Silva, PP (reprint author), NOAA, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM patricia.pinto.da.silva@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2003.10.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 837YD UT WOS:000222676400006 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TP AF O'Connor, TP TI The sediment quality guideline, ERL, is not a chemical concentration at the threshold of sediment toxicity SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE sediment; toxic effects; toxic thresholds ID MARINE; ESTUARIES; CHEMISTRY; AMPHIPOD AB While it is being used as such, the sediment quality guideline ERL (effects range low) is not a threshold of any chemical concentration in sediment at which the probability of toxicity shows an abrupt increase. Similarly, while it has been done, there is no basis for assuming that multiple concentrations above an ERL increase the probability of toxicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NISCI1, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP NOAA, NISCI1, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.oconnor@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.06.024 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 853HF UT WOS:000223817200015 PM 15325205 ER PT J AU Symons, L AF Symons, L TI Underwater pollution threats to our nation's marine resources SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Symons, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800001 ER PT J AU Albertson, P Pond, B Symons, L Rorick, R AF Albertson, P Pond, B Symons, L Rorick, R CA Int Oil Spill Conf Program Comm TI IOSC 2005 examines Potentially Polluting Wrecks in Marine Waters SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Coast Guard, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Albertson, P (reprint author), US Coast Guard, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800002 ER PT J AU Basta, DJ Kennedy, DM AF Basta, DJ Kennedy, DM TI The need for a proactive approach to underwater threats SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Basta, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800003 ER PT J AU Lord-Boring, C Zelo, IJ Nixon, ZJ AF Lord-Boring, C Zelo, IJ Nixon, ZJ TI Abandoned vessels: Impacts to coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves in the US Caribbean and Pacific territories with implications for removal SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The NOAA Abandoned Vessel Program (AVP) surveyed a subset of known abandoned/derelict vessels in sensitive habitats in 2002/2003 in U.S. territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. Vessels were surveyed to determine current and potential impacts to benthic environments, particularly coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats, and for potential navigational, pollution, and public safety hazards. In all, 180 vessels were surveyed, and the range of potential environmental implications varied. The majority of vessels surveyed in reef habitats were aground on hardbottom with low relief and low percent coral cover, and therefore were not considered to be producing substantial environmental impacts. The few vessels that were aground on or near higher quality habitat and/or had extensive debris fields were of very high concern to the AVP and local managing agencies. If the potential impact of these vessels is not addressed, further injury to surrounding habitats is likely. Damage to seagrass habitats also varied widely, but those vessels causing active erosion to seagrass beds, particularly when moved during storms, should also be considered a priority for removal. Damage to mangroves were typically less substantial than to coral reefs and seagrass, but the cumulative impacts of clustered vessels that have grounded during storms in sheltered, mangrove-lined habitats should be addressed. C1 NOAA, Abandoned Vessel Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 26 EP 35 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800008 ER PT J AU Lindsay, JA Aguirre, R AF Lindsay, JA Aguirre, R TI Global Offshore Hazardous Materials Sites GIS SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE-WASTE AB Underwater dumpsites or hazardous material sites lie in every ocean on the earth. A geographic information system (GIS) project documents the locations and associated data of Global Offshore Hazardous Materials Sites (GOHMS) potentially posing threats to human health, safety, navigation, commercial fishing, and the environment. Nearly 350 sites are currently in the project. This paper discusses some of the history of hazardous materials disposal and loss at sea, primarily off the United States coast between 1945 and 1970 when few guidelines existed to geographically document an underwater site. Although not publicly distributed at present, the GOHMS GIS project is intended to add value to existing historical information by providing site investigators and responders easy access to waste stream locations and other spatial data through NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration and the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. C1 NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Lindsay, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800009 ER PT J AU Russell, MA Murphy, LE Johnson, DL Foecke, TJ Morris, PJ Mitchell, R AF Russell, MA Murphy, LE Johnson, DL Foecke, TJ Morris, PJ Mitchell, R TI Science for stewardship: Multidisciplinary research on USS Arizona SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRON AB The National Park Service's Submerged Resources Center and USS Arizona Memorial are conducting and coordinating research directed at understanding the nature and rate of natural processes affecting the deterioration of the USS Arizona in Pearl Harbour. Hawaii, The USS Arizona Preservation Project is designed to be multi-year, interdisciplinary and cumulative, with each element contributing to developing an overall management strategy designed to minimize environmental hazard from fuel oil release and provide the basic research required to make informed management decisions for long-term preservations. The primary project focus is toward acquiring requisite data for understanding the complex corrosion and deterioration processes affecting Arizona's hull, both internally and externally, and modeling and predicting the nature and rate of structural changes. This research program is designed to be a cumulative progression of multi-disciplinary investigative-steps. Multiple lines of evidence are being pursued simultaneously, each directly or indirectly linked to the others and to the overall project objectives. This project is an example of government agencies, academic institutions, military commands and private institutions working together effectively for public benefit. The USS Arizona Preservation Project is designed to serve as a model because it will have direct application to preservation and management of historical iron and steel vessels worldwide and intervention actions for other leaking vessels. C1 Univ Nebraska, Met Engn Grp, Lincoln, NE USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Washington, DC USA. Harvard Univ, Appl Microbiol Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800011 ER PT J AU Overfield, ML AF Overfield, ML TI Resources and UnderSea Threats (RUST) database: An assessment tool for identifying and evaluating submerged hazards within the National Marine Sanctuaries SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Recent incidents within our National Marine Sanctuaries and throughout our country have directed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to begin to look proactively at catastrophic oil and other chemical releases from submerged sources. Integrating data from federal, state, and private sources, the Resources and UnderSea Threats (RUST) database was developed to inventory and determine, through analysis the scope of this potential threat. This paper describes the development, structural content, and data analysis tools incorporated. Although RUST was developed initially for use by sanctuary resource protection managers, its application has relevance to the broader response community. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Overfield, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800013 ER PT J AU Symons, L Hodges, MK AF Symons, L Hodges, MK TI Undersea pollution threats and trajectory modeling SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed the Resources and Undersea Threats (RUST) database in an attempt to inventory and assess potential threats form underwater sources of pollution. Undersea, threat information is only the first step of several in determining the potential scope and scale of the spill trajectories that demonstrate potential to impact sensitive resources. Resource managers frequently have to make decisions based on the precautionary approach, using the best available information to weigh alternatives without knowing for certain whether they are making the right choice. In constrast, pollution responders are generally reactionary, and response alternatives must be generated with the best available information. The Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division (HAZMAT) has developed a spill response and planning application. Trajectory Analysis Planner (TAP), which randomly samples seasonal climatology and runs hundreds of possible trajectories types of ocean analysis. Combining TAP modeling with the Resources and Undersea. Threats database could provide marine resource managers with critical information for making planning decisions, as well as for developing preparedness and response options for inclusion in coastal Area Contingency Plans. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Symons, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878GD UT WOS:000225633800014 ER PT J AU Song, NO Teneketzis, D AF Song, NO Teneketzis, D TI Discrete search with multiple sensors SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE search problem; multiple sensors; multi-armed bandits; Gittins index; forward induction ID POSITIVE SWITCH COST; SEQUENTIAL SEARCH; WHEREABOUTS SEARCH; PROBABILITIES AB A stationary object is hidden in location i, i=1,2,...,K, with probability p(i). There are M sensors available and each location can be searched by at most one sensor at each instant of time. Each search of a location takes one unit of time and is conducted independently of previous searches, so that a search of location i finds the object, if it is in that location, with probability alpha(i). After each search of a location a sensor may either continue to search the same location or switch without any delay to another location. We determine optimal search strategies that maximize the total probability of successful search in N units of time, discuss an implementation of an optimal search strategy, and specify conditions under which the solution can be obtained by a forward induction argument. Finally, we discuss the relationship to multi-armed bandits with multiple plays. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Song, NO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network technol Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nsong@nist.gov; teneketzis@eecs.umich.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1432-2994 J9 MATH METHOD OPER RES JI Math. Method Oper. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s001860400360 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 845TO UT WOS:000223267400001 ER PT J AU Devic, S Seuntjens, J Hegyi, G Podgorsak, EB Soares, CG Kirov, AS Ali, I Williamson, JF Elizondo, A AF Devic, S Seuntjens, J Hegyi, G Podgorsak, EB Soares, CG Kirov, AS Ali, I Williamson, JF Elizondo, A TI Dosimetric properties of improved GafChromic films for seven different digitizers SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GafChromic film dosimetry; uncertainty analysis; sensitivity curves ID IMPROVED RADIOCHROMIC FILM; ELECTRON-BEAMS; BRACHYTHERAPY DOSIMETRY; RADIATION; DETECTOR; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; PHOTON; LIGHT AB Two recently introduced GafChromic film models, HS and XR-T, have been developed as more sensitive and uniform alternatives to GafChromic MD-55-2 film. The HS model has been specifically designed for measurement of absorbed dose in high-energy photon beams (above 1 MeV), while the XR-T model has been introduced for dose measurements of low energy (0.1 MeV) photons. The goal of this study is to compare the sensitometric curves and estimated dosimetric uncertainties associated with seven different GafChromic film dosimetry systems for the two new film models. The densitometers tested are: LKB Pharmacia UltroScan XL, Molecular Dynamics Personal Densitometer, Nuclear Associates Radiochromic Densitometer Model 37-443, Photoelectron Corporation CMR-604, Laser Pro 16, Vidar VXR-16, and AGFA Arcus II document scanner. Pieces of film were exposed to different doses in a dose range from 0.5 to 50 Gy using 6 MV photon beam. Functional forms for dose vs net optical density have been determined for each of the GafChromic film-dosimetry systems used in this comparison. Two sources of uncertainties in dose measurements, governed by the experimental measurement and calibration curve fit procedure, have been compared for the densitometers used. Among the densitometers tested, it is found that for the HS film type the uncertainty caused by the experimental measurement varies from 1% to 3% while the calibration fit uncertainty ranges from 2% to 4% for doses above 5 Gy. Corresponding uncertainties for XR-T film model are somewhat higher and range from 1% to 5% for experimental and from 2% to 7% for the fit uncertainty estimates. Notwithstanding the significant variations in sensitivity, the studied densitometers; exhibit very similar precision for GafChromic film based dose measurements above 5 Gy. (C) 2004 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ionizing Radiat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. eRadlink Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Devic, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM devic@medphys.mcgill.ca RI Grams, Michael/G-5197-2011 NR 31 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2392 EP 2401 DI 10.1118/1.1776691 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 857LF UT WOS:000224117400004 PM 15487718 ER PT J AU De Felice, B Ciarmiello, LF Wilson, RR AF De Felice, B Ciarmiello, LF Wilson, RR TI Identification of a cDNA clone encoding DIP1-binding protein in Drosophila melanogaster SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE two-hybrid system assay; DIP1 protein; L27a protein ID RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN; GENES AB The Drosophila melanogaster L27a gene encodes a ribosomal protein which is a member of the L15 family of ribosomal proteins. D. m. L27a is closely related to the mammalian protein that has been found differentially expressed in lung cancer tissues and therefore could be involved in the control of cell proliferation such as the ribosomal protein S6. Our work elucidates the role of DIP1 which is a novel protein that we found in Drosophila. We performed a two-hybrid system assay and identified the L27a protein as an interactor of DIP1. The interaction was then validated by in vitro binding assays. DIP1, similar to other nuclear proteins in eukaryotes, is localized to the nuclear periphery and chromatin domain in all nuclei, but disappears at the metaphase. It is possible that in D. m. L27a protein, via interaction with DIP1, could be involved in protein synthesis as well as in cell cycle regulation. C1 Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP De Felice, B (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. EM bruna.defelice@unina2.it RI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/D-3301-2014 OI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/0000-0002-4420-019X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1023/B:MOLE.0000043554.10462.17 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 858OQ UT WOS:000224202000004 PM 15560371 ER PT J AU Ghalsasi, PS Cage, B Yarger, JL AF Ghalsasi, PS Cage, B Yarger, JL TI Studies on TMPD : TCNB; a donor-acceptor with room temperature paramagnetism and n-pi interaction SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article DE donor-acceptor; charge transfer complex; magnetism ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; METAL; MAGNETS; N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYL-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; 1,2,4,5-TETRACYANOBENZENE; COPPER(II); POLYMERS AB A donor-acceptor compound based on N,N,N'N' -tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TMPD:TCNB) has been synthesized. The crystal structure of the black 1:1 complex formed between TMPD and TCNB has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with cell dimensions: a = 7.4986(15) Angstrom, b = 7.6772(l 1) Angstrom, c = 8.0764(15) Angstrom, alpha = 78.822(12)degrees, beta = 83.3779(19)degrees, gamma = 86.289(17)degrees. TMPD and TCNB molecules are stacked alternately in infinite columns along the a-axis. The structure does not seem to show the usual pi-pi interaction between the two aromatic rings, but indicates an n- pi interaction localized between the nitrogen atoms of the donor and the cyano groups of the acceptor. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ghalsasi, PS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM prasanna@uwyo.edu RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014 OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 9 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.3390/90900808 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 852NP UT WOS:000223762800009 PM 18007479 ER PT J AU Atkins, NT Arnott, JM Przybylinski, W Wolf, RA Ketcham, BD AF Atkins, NT Arnott, JM Przybylinski, W Wolf, RA Ketcham, BD TI Vortex structure and evolution within bow echoes. Part I: Single-Doppler and damage analysis of the 29 June 1998 Derecho SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; LIVED SQUALL LINES; RADAR; TORNADOES; VORTICES; STORM; SIMULATIONS; DOWNBURSTS; GENESIS AB Single-Doppler radar along with damage observations are examined to investigate the structural evolution of vortices observed within the 29 June 1998 derecho event that propagated through southeastern Iowa into central and eastern Illinois. A total of 13 meso-gamma-scale vortices observed primarily at low levels (0-3 km AGL) along the leading edge of the convective system were detected by the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars at Davenport, Iowa, and Lincoln, Illinois. All but one of the vortices formed after the system evolved into a bow echo. Ten of the vortices formed north of the apex while three formed south of the apex. Seven of the vortices produced tornadoes that created F0-F1 surface damage. None of the vortices exhibited appreciable upscale growth. Careful analysis of the radar data suggests that it may be possible to discern between the tornadic and nontornadic vortices. The tornadic vortices tended to be stronger, longer-lived, and deeper than their nontornadic counterparts. The forecasting implications of these findings are discussed. Single-Doppler radar observations documenting the evolution of midlevel (3-7 km AGL) "bookend" vortices associated with two embedded bow echoes are also presented. The first pair of midlevel vortices formed approximately 20 min after the time that the larger-scale convective system began its transition into a bow echo, had a lifetime of about 30 min, and was observed north of the primary bow apex. A second embedded bow echo formed approximately 20 min after the first, again north of the primary bow apex. The cyclonic member of this second embedded bow echo grew upscale and eventually became the dominant northern line-end vortex of the convective system. There appears to be no significant relationship or interaction between the low-level and midlevel vortices observed with this case. C1 Lynson State Coll, Dept Meteorol, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA. Natl Weather Serv, St Charles, MO USA. Natl Weather Serv, Davenport, IA USA. Natl Weather Serv, Lincoln, IL USA. RP Atkins, NT (reprint author), Lynson State Coll, Dept Meteorol, 1001 Coll Rd, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA. EM nolan.atkins@lyndonstate.edu NR 59 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 132 IS 9 BP 2224 EP 2242 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2224:VSAEWB>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850JA UT WOS:000223606000005 ER PT J AU Marshall, CH Pielke, RA Steyaert, LT AF Marshall, CH Pielke, RA Steyaert, LT TI Has the conversion of natural wetlands to agricultural land increased the incidence and severity of damaging freezes in south Florida? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE; PATTERNS; WEATHER; FLUXES; CITRUS; MODELS; SEASON AB On several occasions, winter freezes have wrought severe destruction on Florida agriculture. A series of devastating freezes around the turn of the twentieth century, and again during the 1980s, were related to anomalies in the large-scale flow of the ocean-atmosphere system. During the twentieth century, substantial areas of wetlands in south Florida were drained and converted to agricultural land for winter fresh vegetable and sugarcane production. During this time, much of the citrus industry also was relocated to those areas to escape the risk of freeze farther to the north. The purpose of this paper is to present a modeling study designed to investigate whether the conversion of the wetlands to agriculture itself could have resulted in or exacerbated the severity of recent freezes in those agricultural areas of south Florida. For three recent freeze events, a pair of simulations was undertaken with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. One member of each pair employed land surface properties that represent pre-1900s (near natural) land cover, whereas the other member of each pair employed data that represent near-current land-use patterns as derived from analysis of Landsat data valid for 1992/93. These two different land cover datasets capture well the conversion of wetlands to agriculture in south Florida during the twentieth century. Use of current land surface properties resulted in colder simulated minimum temperatures and temperatures that remained below freezing for a longer period at locations of key agricultural production centers in south Florida that were once natural wetlands. Examination of time series of the surface energy budget from one of the cases reveals that when natural land cover is used, a persistent moisture flux from the underlying wetlands during the nighttime hours served to prevent the development of below-freezing temperatures at those same locations. When the model results were subjected to an important sensitivity factor, the depth of standing water in the wetlands, the outcome remained consistent. These results provide another example of the potential for humans to perturb the climate system in ways that can have severe socioeconomic consequences by altering the land surface alone. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Marshall, CH (reprint author), NCEP Environm Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Curtis.Marshall@noaa.gov RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 132 IS 9 BP 2243 EP 2258 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2243:HTCONW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850JA UT WOS:000223606000006 ER PT J AU Evans, MD Dizdaroglu, M Cooke, MS AF Evans, MD Dizdaroglu, M Cooke, MS TI Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE oxidative DNA damage; DNA repair; cancer; cardiovascular disease; neurodegenerative disease; ischaemia-reperfusion injury ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; SYNDROME GROUP-B; HUMAN MUTY HOMOLOG; HUMAN CELL-EXTRACTS; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN S3; 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE PYROPHOSPHOHYDROLASE 8-OXO-DGTPASE; MAMMALIAN 5-FORMYLURACIL-DNA GLYCOSYLASE AB The generation of reactive oxygen species may be both beneficial to cells, performing a function in inter- and intracellular signalling, and detrimental, modifying cellular biomolecules, accumulation of which has been associated with numerous diseases. Of the molecules subject to oxidative modification, DNA has received the greatest attention, with biomarkers of exposure and effect closest to validation. Despite nearly a quarter of a century of study, and a large number of base- and sugar-derived DNA lesions having been identified, the majority of studies have focussed upon the guanine modification, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). For the most part, the biological significance of other lesions has not, as yet, been investigated. In contrast, the description and characterisation of enzyme systems responsible for repairing oxidative DNA base damage is growing rapidly, being the subject of intense study. However, there remain notable gaps in our knowledge of which repair proteins remove which lesions, plus, as more lesions identified, new processes/substrates need to be determined. There are many reports describing elevated levels of oxidatively modified DNA lesions, in various biological matrices, in a plethora of diseases; however, for the majority of these the association could merely be coincidental, and more detailed studies are required. Nevertheless, even based simply upon reports of studies investigating the potential role of 8-OH-dG in disease, the weight of evidence strongly suggests a link between such damage and the pathogenesis of disease. However, exact roles remain to be elucidated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirm, Oxidat Stress Grp, Dept Clin Biochem,NHS Trust,Univ Hosp Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, England. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooke, MS (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirm, Oxidat Stress Grp, Dept Clin Biochem,NHS Trust,Univ Hosp Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, England. EM miral@nist.gov; msc5@le.ac.uk RI Cooke, Marcus/D-4517-2013; OI Cooke, Marcus/0000-0003-0369-862X NR 485 TC 626 Z9 639 U1 18 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 567 IS 1 BP 1 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.11.001 PG 61 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 855RG UT WOS:000223990800001 PM 15341901 ER PT J AU Wang, H Zhou, W Ho, DL Winey, KI Fischer, JE Glinka, CJ Hobbie, EK AF Wang, H Zhou, W Ho, DL Winey, KI Fischer, JE Glinka, CJ Hobbie, EK TI Dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes with surfactants: A small angle neutron scattering study SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TRITON X-100; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SOLUBILIZATION; WATER AB We have investigated the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in heavy water with the surfactant octyl-phenol-ethoxy late (Triton X-100) using small angle neutron scattering. The results indicate an optimal surfactant concentration for dispersion, which we suggest results from competition between maximization of surfactant adsorption onto SWNT surfaces and a depletion interaction between SWNT bundles mediated by surfactant micelles. The latter effect drives SWNT reaggregation above a critical volume fraction of micelles. These behaviors could be general in dispersing SWNTs using amphiphilic surfactant. The data also reveal significant incoherent scattering from hydrogen in SWNTs, most likely due to acid and water residues from the purification process. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM wangh@mtu.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 34 TC 225 Z9 228 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1789 EP 1793 DI 10.1021/nl048969z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 853OP UT WOS:000223837200040 ER PT J AU Granasy, L Pusztai, T Borzsonyi, T Warren, JA Douglas, JF AF Granasy, L Pusztai, T Borzsonyi, T Warren, JA Douglas, JF TI A general mechanism of polycrystalline growth SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE LIQUID; PHASE-FIELD-THEORY; GLASS-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Most research into microstructure formation during solidification has focused on single-crystal growth ranging from faceted crystals to symmetric dendrites. However, these growth forms can be perturbed by heterogeneities, yielding a rich variety of polycrystalline growth patterns. Phase-field simulations show that the presence of particulates (for example, dirt) or a small rotational-translational mobility ratio (characteristic of high supercooling) in crystallizing fluids give rise to similar growth patterns, implying a duality in the growth process in these structurally heterogeneous fluids. Similar crystallization patterns are also found in thin polymer films with particulate additives and pure films with high supercooling. This duality between the static and dynamic heterogeneity explains the ubiquity of polycrystalline growth patterns in polymeric and other complex fluids. C1 Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Granasy, L (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM grana@szfki.hu RI Pusztai, Tamas/A-5718-2012; Granasy, Laszlo/A-6221-2012; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Pusztai, Tamas/0000-0002-1281-2933; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 50 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 7 U2 119 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 3 IS 9 BP 645 EP 650 DI 10.1038/nmat1190 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 850TS UT WOS:000223636200019 PM 15300243 ER PT J AU Moles, A AF Moles, A TI Parasites of juvenile yellowfin sole and rock sole in southeast Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BIOLOGICAL TAGS; INDICATORS; FISH C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Moles, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Adam.Moles@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900009 ER PT J AU Huang, BM Ahuja, A Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Heymann, RW AF Huang, BM Ahuja, A Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Heymann, RW TI Lossless compression of three-dimensional hyperspectral sounder data using context-based adaptive lossless image codec with bias-adjusted reordering SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lossless compression; hyperspectral sounding data; reordering; CALIC AB Hyperspectral sounder data is used for retrieval of atmospheric temperature, moisture and trace gas profiles, surface temperature and emissivity, and cloud and aerosol optical properties. This large volume of data is 3-D in nature with many scan lines containing cross-track footprints, each with thousands of IR channels. Unlike hyperspectral imager data compression, hyperspectral sounder data compression is desired to be lossless or near-lossless to avoid substantial degradation of the geophysical retrieval. For this new class of data for compression studies, a lossless compression algorithm combining the context-based adaptive lossless image codec (CALIC) and a novel bias-adjusted reordering (BAR) scheme is presented. The 3-D data are arranged into two dimensions with the original 2-D spatial domain converted into one dimension using a continuous scan order. In the BAR scheme, the data are reordered such that the bias-adjusted distance between any two neighboring vectors is minimized. The result is then encoded using the CALIC algorithm with significant compression gains over using the CALIC algorithm alone. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Syst Dev, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2071 EP 2079 DI 10.1117/1.1778732 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 855IZ UT WOS:000223968100020 ER PT J AU Miller, CC Ohno, Y AF Miller, CC Ohno, Y TI Standardization of LED measurements SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 853NY UT WOS:000223835500032 ER PT J AU Burke, JP Julienne, PS Williams, CJ Band, YB Trippenbach, M AF Burke, JP Julienne, PS Williams, CJ Band, YB Trippenbach, M TI Four-wave mixing in Bose-Einstein condensate systems with multiple spin states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; FIELD AB We calculate the four-wave mixing (FWM) in a Bose-Einstein condensate system having multiple spin wave packets that are initially overlapping in physical space, but have nonvanishing relative momentum that causes them to recede from one another. Three receding condensate atom wave packets can result in production of a fourth wave packet by the process of FWM due to atom-atom interactions. We consider cases where the four final wave packets are composed of one, two, three, and four different internal spin components. FWM with one or two-spin state wave packets is much stronger than three- or four-spin state FWM, wherein two of the coherent moving Bose-Einstein condensate wave packets form a spin-polarization grating that rotates the spin projection of the third wave into that of the fourth diffracted wave (as opposed to the one- or two-spin state case where a regular density grating is responsible for the diffraction). Calculations of FWM for Rb-87 and Na-23 condensate systems are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Opt Div, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Burke, JP (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 4090 S Mem Pkwy MS-918, Huntsville, AL 35815 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.033606 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 864GW UT WOS:000224623000122 ER PT J AU Carr, LD Brand, J AF Carr, LD Brand, J TI Pulsed atomic soliton laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FESHBACH RESONANCES; PHASE DIFFUSION; OUTPUT COUPLER; DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; SCATTERING; EQUATION; COLLAPSE; TRAINS AB It is shown that simultaneously changing the scattering length of an elongated, harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate from positive to negative and inverting the axial portion of the trap, so that it becomes expulsive, results in a train of self-coherent solitonic pulses. Each pulse is itself a nondispersive attractive Bose-Einstein condensate that rapidly self-cools. The axial trap functions as a waveguide. The solitons can be made robustly stable with the right choice of trap geometry, number of atoms, and interaction strength. Theoretical and numerical evidence suggests that such a pulsed atomic soliton laser can be made in present experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Carr, LD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Brand, Joachim/D-1892-2009; Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016 OI Brand, Joachim/0000-0001-7773-6292; Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.033607 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 864GW UT WOS:000224623000123 ER PT J AU Chin, C Vuletic, V Kerman, AJ Chu, S Tiesinga, E Leo, PJ Williams, CJ AF Chin, C Vuletic, V Kerman, AJ Chu, S Tiesinga, E Leo, PJ Williams, CJ TI Precision Feshbach spectroscopy of ultracold Cs-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; CESIUM ATOMS; BOUND STATES; FERMI GAS; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; RESONANCE; RELAXATION; SOLITON AB We have observed and located more than 60 magnetic field-induced Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of ground-state Cs-133 atoms. Multiple extremely weak Feshbach resonances associated with g-wave molecular states are detected through variations in the radiative collision cross sections. The Feshbach spectroscopy allows us to determine the interactions between ultracold cesium atoms and the molecular energy structure near the dissociation continuum with unprecedented precision. Our work not only represents a very successful collaboration of experimental and theoretical efforts, but also provides essential information for cesium Bose-Einstein condensation, Cs-2 molecules, and atomic clock experiments. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, C (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Leo, Paul/B-3470-2011 OI Leo, Paul/0000-0001-8325-4134 NR 46 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 032701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.032701 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 864GW UT WOS:000224623000070 ER PT J AU Jensen, MJ Hasegawa, T Bollinger, JJ AF Jensen, MJ Hasegawa, T Bollinger, JJ TI Temperature and heating rate of ion crystals in Penning traps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; STATES; LIQUIDS AB We have determined the temperature and heating rate of laser-cooled ions in a Penning trap using Doppler laser spectroscopy. Between 10(4) and 10(6) Be-9(+) ions are trapped in a Penning trap and Doppler laser cooled to temperatures of a few millikelvin, where they form ion crystals. This system is an example of a strongly coupled one-component plasma. The ion temperature was measured as a function of time after turning off the laser-cooling. In the solid phase, we measured a heating rate of similar to65 mK/s. Information about possible heating mechanisms was obtained directly from temperature measurements, and also from measurements of the rate of radial expansion of the ion plasma. We determined that the observed heating is due to collisions with the similar to4x10(-9) Pa residual gas of our vacuum system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jensen, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mjensen@boulder.nist.gov NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.033401 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 864GW UT WOS:000224623000097 ER PT J AU Balzar, D Ramakrishnan, PA Hermann, AM AF Balzar, D Ramakrishnan, PA Hermann, AM TI Defect-related lattice strain and the transition temperature in ferroelectric thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; INTERFACIAL DEFECTS; INTERNAL-STRESSES; MISFIT RELAXATION; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; DOMAIN PATTERN; DEPOSITION AB We propose an extension to the phenomenological thermodynamic Landau-Devonshire theory to include the contribution of inhomogeneous strains caused by lattice defects to the Gibbs free energy. The model yields correction terms for dielectric and ferroelectric quantities as a function of both elastic misfit strain and defect-related strain that can be measured by x-ray-diffraction techniques. We compare the correction in Curie-Weiss temperature due to elastic and inhomogeneous strain in pristine, W and Mn 1% doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films grown on the LaAlO3 substrate. If the contribution of inhomogeneous strain is included, the agreement with measurements markedly improves. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Balzar, D (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM balzar@du.edu NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 AR 092103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.092103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RK UT WOS:000224209200003 ER PT J AU Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE AF Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE TI Current-driven microwave dynamics in magnetic point contacts as a function of applied field angle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CO/CU/CO PILLARS; SPIN-WAVES; EXCITATION AB We have measured microwave frequency, current-driven magnetization dynamics in point contacts made to Co90Fe10/Cu/Ni80Fe20 spin valves as a function of applied field strength and angle relative to the film plane. As the field direction is varied from parallel to nearly perpendicular, the device power output increases by roughly two orders of magnitude while the frequencies of the excitations decrease. For intermediate angles the excited frequency does not monotonically vary with applied current and also exhibits abrupt, current-dependent jumps. For certain ranges of current, and applied field strength and direction, the excitation linewidths decrease to a few megahertz, leading to quality factors over 18 000. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rippard, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 19 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 AR 100406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.100406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RL UT WOS:000224209300009 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Kirkpatrick, TR AF Snyder, KA Kirkpatrick, TR TI Wave localization in binary isotopically disordered one-dimensional harmonic chains with impurities having arbitrary cross section and concentration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LATTICES; SYSTEMS; LENGTH; ENERGY AB The localization length for isotopically disordered harmonic one-dimensional chains is calculated for arbitrary impurity concentration and scattering cross section. The localization length depends on the scattering cross section of a single scatterer, which is calculated for a discrete chain having a wavelength-dependent pulse propagation speed. For binary isotopically disordered systems composed of many scatterers, the localization length decreases with increasing impurity concentration, reaching a minimum before diverging toward infinity as the impurity concentration approaches a value of 1. The concentration dependence of the localization length over the entire impurity concentration range is approximated accurately by the sum of the behavior at each limiting concentration. Simultaneous measurements of Lyapunov exponent statistics indicate practical limits for the minimum system length and the number of scatterers to achieve representative ensemble averages. Results are discussed in the context of future investigations of the time-dependent behavior of disordered anharmonic chains. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 AR 104201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.104201 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RL UT WOS:000224209300035 ER PT J AU Baker-Jarvis, J Kabos, P Holloway, CL AF Baker-Jarvis, J Kabos, P Holloway, CL TI Nonequilibrium electromagnetics: Local and macroscopic fields and constitutive relationships SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; POLARIZABILITIES; POLARIZATION; MOMENTUM; MOTION; MEDIA AB We study the electrodynamics of materials using a Liouville-Hamiltonian-based statistical-mechanical theory. Our goal is to develop electrodynamics from an ensemble-average viewpoint that is valid for microscopic and nonequilibrium systems at molecular to submolecular scales. This approach is not based on a Taylor series expansion of the charge density to obtain the multipoles. Instead, expressions of the molecular multipoles are used in an inverse problem to obtain the averaging statistical-density function that is used to obtain the macroscopic fields. The advantages of this method are that the averaging function is constructed in a self-consistent manner and the molecules can either be treated as point multipoles or contain more microstructure. Expressions for the local and macroscopic fields are obtained, and evolution equations for the constitutive parameters are developed. We derive equations for the local field as functions of the applied, polarization, magnetization, strain density, and macroscopic fields. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP NIST, Electromagnet Div, MS 818-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jjarvis@boulder.nist.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 036615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.036615 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 859XS UT WOS:000224302300100 PM 15524664 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, S Schertzer, D Tuck, AF AF Lovejoy, S Schertzer, D Tuck, AF TI Fractal aircraft trajectories and nonclassical turbulent exponents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTRUM; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; WIND; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; OZONE AB The dimension (D) of aircraft trajectories is fundamental in interpreting airborne data. To estimate D, we studied data from 18 trajectories of stratospheric aircraft flights 1600 km long taken during a "Mach cruise" (near constant Mach number) autopilot flight mode of the ER-2 research aircraft. Mach cruise implies correlated temperature and wind fluctuations so that approximate toDeltax(z)(H) where Z is the (fluctuating) vertical and x the horizontal coordinate of the aircraft. Over the range approximate to3-300 km, we found H(z)approximate to0.58+/-0.02 close to the theoretical 5/9=0.56 and implying D=1+H(z)=14/9, i.e., the trajectories are fractal. For distances <3 km aircraft inertia smooths the trajectories, for distances >300 km, D=1 again because of a rise of 1 m/km due to fuel consumption. In the fractal regime, the horizontal velocity and temperature exponents are close to the nonclassical value 1/2 (rather than 1/3). We discuss implications for aircraft measurements as well as for the structure of the atmosphere. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ecole Natl Ponts & Chaussees, CEREVE, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. Meteo France, F-75007 Paris, France. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lovejoy, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RI Lovejoy, Shaun/E-8019-2011; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Lovejoy, Shaun/0000-0002-9367-3137; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 036306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.036306 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 859XS UT WOS:000224302300068 PM 15524632 ER PT J AU Colavita, MM Swain, MR Akeson, RL Koresko, CD Hill, RJ AF Colavita, MM Swain, MR Akeson, RL Koresko, CD Hill, RJ TI Effects of atmospheric water vapor on infrared interferometry SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MOIST AIR; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; FLUCTUATIONS; PRESSURE; LAYER AB Water vapor, while usually a small contributor to the atmospheric refractive index for astronomical observations at IR wavelengths, is highly dispersive and can introduce optical path length errors affecting high-precision interferometer observing modes. The refractive index of atmospheric water vapor can be computed from a summation over the various IR resonances, and we present values over a range of 1.2 - 13.5 mum. The dispersion of water vapor introduces phase errors across the instrument passband and produces excess noise in interferometer group delay, residual errors in cophasing using a different source wavelength, and coherence loss over broad optical bandwidths. We quantify these effects for the J through N bands, discuss means of amelioration, and consider their implications for differential phase and nulling observing modes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Colavita, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mark.colavita@jpl.nasa.gov; mark.swain@jpl.nasa.gov; rla@ipac.caltech.edu; koresko@ipac.caltech.edu; reginald.j.hill@noaa.gov OI Akeson, Rachel/0000-0001-9674-1564 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 823 BP 876 EP 885 DI 10.1086/424472 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 850VB UT WOS:000223641100008 ER PT J AU Bullock, SS AF Bullock, SS TI Note on the Khaneja Glaser Decomposition SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE KAK theorem; Khaneja Glaser decomposition; cosine sine decomposition AB Recently, Vatan and Williams utilize a matrix decomposition of SU(2(n)) introduced by Khaneja and Glaser to produce CNOT-efficient circuits for arbitrary three-qubit unitary evolutions. In this note, we place the Khaneja Glaser Decomposition (KGD) in context as a SU(2(n)) = KAK decomposition by proving that its Cartan involution is type AIII, given n greater than or equal to 3. The standard type AIII involution produces the Cosine-Sine Decomposition (CSD), a well-known decomposition in numerical linear algebra which may be computed using mature, stable algorithms. In the course of our proof that the new decomposition is type AIII, we further establish the following. Khaneja and Glaser allow for a particular degree of freedom, namely the choice of a commutative algebra a, in their construction. Let X-1(n) be a SWAP gate applied on qubits 1, n. Then X(1)(n)vX(1)(n) = k(1) a k(2) is a KGD for a ;span(R){X-1(n)(\j> Ba2YCu3O6+x(s) + HF(g), where Ba(OxFy) represents both the BaF2-like oxyfluoride and the BaF2-related superstructure phases. The growth of the Y-213 phase and the consumption of BaF2-like phases were approximately linear in time. The resulting Y-213 films were predominantly c-axis textured, along with smaller volume fractions of a-axis textured and randomly oriented regions. For the (BaF2 + YF3 + Cu) films investigated, we observed a similar evolution of the Ba(OxFy) phase and the BaF2-related superstructure, along with crystallization of CuO; however, Y2Cu2O5(S) was not observed. The YF3 component remained amorphous (from x-ray diffraction results) and reacted with Ba(OxFy), CuO and H2O to form Y-213 and Y2O3. The presence of unreacted Ba(OxFy), Y2O3 and CuO in the film after prolonged (>2 h) annealing at 735 degreesC indicates incomplete Y-213 conversion. We conclude that the (BaF2 + YF3 + Cu) precursor was less suitable relative to (BaF2 + Y + CU) under the present processing conditions. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 9 BP S548 EP S556 AR PII S0953-2048(04)79303-3 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/9/018 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 855KD UT WOS:000223971200019 ER PT J AU Bakwin, PS Davis, KJ Yi, C Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Haszpra, L Barcza, Z AF Bakwin, PS Davis, KJ Yi, C Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Haszpra, L Barcza, Z TI Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN WISCONSIN FOREST; LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TALL TOWER; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BOREAL FOREST; EXCHANGE; VARIABILITY; NETWORK AB We examine the atmospheric budget Of CO(2) at temperate continental sites in the Northern Hemisphere. On a monthly time scale both surface exchange and atmospheric transport are important in determining the rate of change of CO, mixing ratio at these sites. Vertical differences between the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere over the continent are generally greater than large-scale zonal gradients such as the difference between the free troposphere over the continent and the marine boundary layer. Therefore, as a first approximation we parametrize atmospheric transport as a vertical exchange term related to the vertical gradient Of CO(2) and the mean vertical velocity from the NCEP Reanalysis model. Horizontal advection is assumed to be negligible in our simple analysis. We then calculate the net surface exchange of CO(2) from CO mixing ratio measurements at four tower sites. The results provide estimates of the surface exchange that are representative of a regional scale (i.e. similar to 10(6) km(2)). Comparison with direct, local-scale (eddy covariance) measurements of net exchange with the ecosystems around the towers are reasonable after accounting for anthropogenic CO(2) emissions within the larger area represented by the mixing ratio data. A network of tower sites and frequent aircraft vertical profiles, separated by several hundred kilometres, where CO(2) is accurately measured would provide data to estimate horizontal and vertical advection and hence provide a means to derive net CO, fluxes on a regional scale. At present CO(2) mixing ratios are measured with sufficient accuracy relative to global reference gas standards at only a few continental sites. The results also confirm that flux measurements from carefully sited towers capture seasonal variations representative of large regions. and that the midday CO(2) mixing ratios sampled in the atmospheric Surface layer similarly capture regional and seasonal variability in the continental CO(2) budget. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Dept Anal Atmospher Anvironm, Budapest, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakwin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM peter.bakwin@noaa.gov RI Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Barcza, Zoltan/G-3880-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 54 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00111.x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855UF UT WOS:000223999700001 ER PT J AU Hirsch, AI Trumbore, SE Goulden, ML AF Hirsch, AI Trumbore, SE Goulden, ML TI The surface CO2 gradient and pore-space storage flux in a high-porosity litter layer SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; SOIL; CARBON; EXCHANGE; BOREAS AB We present an hourly time series of the CO2 concentration profile in the top 20 cm of a boreal forest litter layer at a site in northern Manitoba, Canada. The profile data, measured with an automated sampling system during the summer of 1999, show a pronounced daily cycle, with a small surface CO2 gradient and low concentrations during the day and a large surface gradient and high concentrations at night. The CO2 profile measurements allow us to test two current assumptions built into measurements of ecosystem carbon fluxes. The first assumption is that the flux from the surface to the atmosphere can be calculated using the measured CO2 gradient and a calculated value of the diffusive transport coefficient. The behaviour of the surface CO2 gradient suggests that one cannot assume diffusive transport across the moss surface at this site when the friction velocity measured at 30 m exceeds 0.4 m s(-1). This condition, associated with turbulent mixing generated by wind shear and/or solar heating of the surface. was often encountered during the day at this site, though rarely at night. During the day, friction velocity and wind speed measured at 30 m height are linearly related, with friction velocity exceeding 0.4 to s(-1) when wind speed exceeds about 2 m s(-1). At night, wind at the top of the canopy may be laminar, so that the wind speed must exceed 4 m s(-1) to cause enough turbulence to raise friction velocity above the 0.4 m s(-1) threshold. The second assumption is that changes in soil pore-space CO2 storage can be neglected when correcting eddy covariance measurements for ecosystem respiration that is stored in the ecosystem rather than being mixed into the overlying atmosphere. Our results show that the soil pore-space CO2 profile is not in steady state at the site, but that the magnitude of the corresponding storage flux is small relative to the below-canopy CO2 storage flux. The soil pore-space CO2 storage flux ranges between +/-0.4 mumol m(-2) s(-1), while the below-canopy storage flux ranges between 20 mumol m(-2) s(-1). However. the soil pore-space storage flux could be significant relative to the CO2 respiration flux across the soil surface, which we estimate to be in the range of 1-4 mumol m(-2) s(-1). C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Hirsch, AI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM adam.hirsch@noaa.gov RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00113.x PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855UF UT WOS:000223999700002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, H O'Connell, C Barker, PE Atha, DH Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Marino, M McAndrew, P Dizdaroglu, M AF Rodriguez, H O'Connell, C Barker, PE Atha, DH Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Marino, M McAndrew, P Dizdaroglu, M TI Measurement of DNA biomarkers for the safety of tissue-engineered medical products, using artificial skin as a model SO TISSUE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; P53 POINT MUTATIONS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VENOUS ULCERS; Y-CHROMOSOME; DHPLC; DAMAGE AB To test the hypothesis that the process of tissue engineering introduces genetic damage to tissue-engineered medical products, we employed the use of five state-of-the-art measurement technologies to measure a series of DNA biomarkers in commercially available tissue-engineered skin as a model. DNA was extracted from the skin and compared with DNA from cultured human neonatal control cells ( dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes) and adult human fibroblasts from a 55-year-old donor and a 96-year-old donor. To determine whether tissue engineering caused oxidative DNA damage, gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry were used to measure six oxidatively modified DNA bases as biomarkers. Normal endogenous levels of the modified DNA biomarkers were not elevated in tissue-engineered skin when compared with control cells. Next, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism were used to measure genetic mutations. Specifically, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene was screened for mutations, because it is the most commonly mutated gene in skin cancer. The tissue-engineered skin was found to be free of TP53 mutations at the level of sensitivity of these measurement technologies. Lastly, fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to measure the loss of Ychromosome, which is associated with excessive cell passage and aging. Loss of Y chromosome was not detected in the tissue-engineered skin and cultured neonatal cells used as controls. In this study, we have demonstrated that tissue engineering ( for TestSkin II) does not introduce genetic damage above the limits of detection of the state-of-the-art technologies used. This work explores the standard for measuring genetic damage that could be introduced during production of novel tissue-engineered products. More importantly, this exploratory work addresses technological considerations that need to be addressed in order to expedite accurate and useful international reference standards for the emerging tissue-engineering industry. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Adnan Menderes Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Aydin, Turkey. Transgenomic, Appl Genom & Mol Genet Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Rodriguez, H (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM henry.rodriguez@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-3279 J9 TISSUE ENG JI Tissue Eng. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9-10 BP 1332 EP 1345 DI 10.1089/1076327042500175 PG 14 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering SC Cell Biology GA 875CC UT WOS:000225396300005 PM 15588394 ER PT J AU Beckman, BR Fairgrieve, W Cooper, KA Mahnken, CVW Beamish, RJ AF Beckman, BR Fairgrieve, W Cooper, KA Mahnken, CVW Beamish, RJ TI Evaluation of endocrine indices of growth in individual postsmolt coho salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-INSULIN LEVELS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FACTOR-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE SURVIVAL; SEASONAL GROWTH AB Plasma levels of the hormones insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were assessed as indices of growth for individual juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Smolts were tagged in April, introduced to seawater in May, and reared at two different feeding levels. Fish lengths and weights were obtained in June, August, September, and November. Plasma samples were obtained in September and November. There was a consistent, robust relation (over both feeding rates and sampling dates) between plasma IGF-I and the instantaneous growth in length of individual fish when growth was measured over a 6-week period. There was no consistent association between plasma insulin level and growth, size, or condition factor. Plasma IGF-I levels were also measured in postsmolt coho salmon captured in September from the Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound and were found to be similar to those in laboratory fish. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, F-NWC2,2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Brian.Beckman@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1067 DI 10.1577/T03-098.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400001 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA AF Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA TI Diet and prey selection of alewives in Lake Michigan: Seasonal, depth, and interannual patterns SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; DIAPTOMUS-SICILIS; SPECIES INVASION; MYSIS-RELICTA; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB AB To evaluate the current diet of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and interactions with their prey in light of recent changes in Lake Michigan, we determined the seasonal diet and prey selectivity of large (> 100 own total length) and small (< 100 mm) alewives in southeastern Lake Michigan. Selectivity and diet were evaluated on a biomass basis for alewives collected near Muskegon, Michigan, during June, July-August, and October 1999-2001. Fish were sampled from three depth zones: shallow (15-25 m), transitional (35-55 m), and deep (65-90 m). Prey selectivity and diet patterns indicated that alewives had considerable flexibility in adjusting to prey availability, which varied by season, depth zone, and year. Although small copepods were an abundant prey item throughout the year and in all depth zones, they were mainly important in the diet (large and small alewives) in June and at the shallow stations, where many of the other prey types were not available. Despite declining numbers, Diporeia continued to be important for large alewives in spring, particularly at the transitional and deep stations, where their biomass was many times higher than that of other prey. During summer, large alewives selected either Bythotrephes longimanus or Mysis relicta in all depth zones and years. The diet of large alewives consisted mainly of Mysis in July 1999 and August 2001, whereas in August 2000 mainly Bosmina were eaten. During October, Mysis and Bythotrephes, along with large zooplankters (Daphnia spp. and large calanoid copepods), were selected and were most important in the diet of large alewives. In contrast, only the large zooplankton were selected and were important prey for the small alewives in fall. Annual, seasonal, and depth differences in prey biomass as well as differences in alewife size all influenced diet and selectivity patterns. C1 Univ Michigan, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1077 DI 10.1577/T03-110.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 863GF UT WOS:000224548400002 ER PT J AU Tallmon, DA Luikart, G Waples, RS AF Tallmon, DA Luikart, G Waples, RS TI The alluring simplicity and complex reality of genetic rescue SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID NATURAL-POPULATION BOTTLENECK; SPARROWS MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; PER-GENERATION RULE; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; INBRED POPULATIONS; SONG SPARROWS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; HYBRID BREAKDOWN AB A series of important new theoretical, experimental and observational studies demonstrate that just a few immigrants can have positive immediate impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of local populations. In many cases, a low level of immigration into small populations has produced fitness benefits that are greater than those predicted by theoretical models, resulting in what has been termed 'genetic rescue'. However, the opposite result (reduced fitness) can also be associated with immigration of genetically divergent individuals. Central to our understanding of genetic rescue are complex interactions among fundamental concepts in evolutionary and population biology, including both genetic and non-genetic (environmental, behavioral and demographic) factors. Developing testable models to predict when genetic rescue is likely to occur is a daunting challenge that will require carefully controlled, multigeneration experiments as well as creative use of information from natural 'experiments'. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine Genom Populat & Biodiversite, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tallmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine Genom Populat & Biodiversite, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. EM dtallmon42@yahoo.com RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 78 TC 340 Z9 348 U1 15 U2 172 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.003 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 854JT UT WOS:000223899600010 PM 16701312 ER PT J AU Grell, GA Knoche, R Peckham, SE McKeen, SA AF Grell, GA Knoche, R Peckham, SE McKeen, SA TI Online versus offline air quality modeling on cloud-resolving scales SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION AB Computational advances now allow air quality forecast models to fully couple the meteorology with chemical constituents within a unified modeling system - online that allows two-way interactions. The more common approach is the offline system, which only allows one-way coupling from the meteorology - sampled at fixed time intervals - to the chemistry. To study the information loss between online and offline numerical forecasts, a next-generation nonhydrostatic air quality modeling system has been developed that can be used both offline or online. First, a control online air quality simulation is conducted and the meteorology and chemical data are saved at a 10 s time interval. Subsequently, three offline simulations are conducted with meteorological data updates at 10, 30, and 60 min time intervals. Analysis of the wind velocity power spectrum and chemical profiles indicate that the offline simulations are susceptible to large errors in the vertical mass distribution. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Res Forecast Syst, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Res Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. RP Grell, GA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Res Forecast Syst, R-FS1 DSRC, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. EM georg.a.grell@noaa.gov RI Knoche, Richard/A-7090-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16117 DI 10.1029/2004GL020175 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854FV UT WOS:000223887900002 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Mapes, B AF Lin, JL Mapes, B TI Wind shear effects on cloud-radiation feedback in the western Pacific warm pool SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TOGA COARE; RADAR DATA; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; OVERLAP; LIQUID AB Upper tropospheric stratiform clouds associated with deep convection are important to global radiation budgets and to cloud-radiation feedbacks on climate variability and change. Several recent observational studies indicate that vertical wind shear is an important factor affecting stratiform cloud fraction and cloud overlap. This study further examines wind shear effects on cloud properties (including cloud fraction and cloud optical depth) and associated top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes, using observations from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program's Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) experiment and long-term satellite measurements. Wind shear affects cloud-radiative fluxes, through both the cloud fraction and optical thickness, in a strong and systematic way. In typical convecting conditions, shear-induced additional cloudiness can reduce outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) by 10s of Wm(-2), implying longwave radiative changes on the order of 10% of the total latent heating. Such cloud also reflects shortwave radiation, reducing surface downward flux (energy input to the ocean) by 10s of Wm(-2). Current climate models lack these effects. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climat Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climat Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jialin.lin@noaa.gov RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16118 DI 10.1029/2004GL020199 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854FV UT WOS:000223887900003 ER PT J AU Fry, D Mohammad, A Chakrabarti, A Sorensen, CM AF Fry, D Mohammad, A Chakrabarti, A Sorensen, CM TI Cluster shape anisotropy in irreversibly aggregating particulate systems SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FRACTAL DIMENSION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; KINETIC AGGREGATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; GOLD COLLOIDS; POLYMERS; PERCOLATION AB The results for cluster shape anisotropy over a broad range (10(-3)-10(-1)) of monomer volume fractions, f(v) values, are presented for both two- (2d) and three-dimensional (3d) simulations of diffusion-limited (DLCA), ballistic-limited (BLCA), and reaction-limited (RLCA) cluster-cluster aggregation classes. We find that all three aggregation classes have different dilute-limit shape anisotropies, with the diffusion-limited model having the largest value of anisotropy and the reaction-limited model having the smallest. The simulation result for the cluster shape anisotropy for each of the three aggregation classes is slightly less than the corresponding prediction of the hierarchial model. In addition, we find excellent agreement between the 2d DLCA simulation results and experimental measurements of shape anisotropy. At late times, shape anisotropy decreases from the dilute-limit value. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fry, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dan.fry@nist.gov RI Sorensen, Christopher/G-4900-2013 OI Sorensen, Christopher/0000-0002-1980-3394 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 31 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 18 BP 7871 EP 7879 DI 10.1021/la0494369 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 849UZ UT WOS:000223567900072 PM 15323542 ER PT J AU Knappe, S Shah, V Schwindt, PDD Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, LA Moreland, J AF Knappe, S Shah, V Schwindt, PDD Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, LA Moreland, J TI A microfabricated atomic clock SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR; RESONANCES AB Fabrication techniques usually applied to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are used to reduce the size and operating power of the core physics assembly of an atomic clock. With a volume of 9.5 mm(3), a fractional frequency instability of 2.5x10(-10) at 1 s of integration, and dissipating less than 75 mW of power, the device has the potential to bring atomically precise timing to hand-held, battery-operated devices. In addition, the design and fabrication process allows for wafer-level assembly of the structures, enabling low-cost mass-production of thousands of identical units with the same process sequence, and easy integration with other electronics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov NR 15 TC 326 Z9 337 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1460 EP 1462 DI 10.1063/1.1787942 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 849QO UT WOS:000223555000004 ER PT J AU Buckel, JA Stoner, AW AF Buckel, JA Stoner, AW TI Negative effects of increasing group size on foraging in two estuarine piscivores SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density-dependent; group size; Morone saxatilis; piscivory; Pomatomus saltatrix; predator-prey interactions ID HUNTING BEHAVIOR; STRIPED BASS; SHOAL SIZE; PREDATORS; PREY; ALDABRA; FISHES; GROWTH; PISCES AB The effect of predator density on per capita ingestion rates in two estuarine predators, age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) and age-1 striped bass (Morone saxatilis W.), was examined in a 121,000-1 research aquarium. Group size treatments were 3, 6, 12, and 24 predators; each treatment was provided with 100 prey (mummichog killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus L.) during a 22-h feeding trial. The behaviors of predator and prey were recorded. Predator type and group size had a significant effect on per capita ingestion rates. Bluefish had significantly higher per capita ingestion rates compared to striped bass. For bluefish, per capita ingestion rate was highest in the three predator group, while for striped bass, individuals in the six predator treatment had the highest ingestion rates. From these maxima, per capita ingestion rate values declined to their lowest values in the 24 predator treatment for both species. Several factors that may be responsible for lowered per capita ingestion rates at higher group sizes include predator interference, prey depletion, and antipredator behaviors of prey. For juvenile bluefish and striped bass being a member of a relatively large group may lead to decreased individual ingestion rates. Given that large group sizes of these species occur in nature, we conclude that these foraging costs must be outweighed by benefits of group membership. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Buckel, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM jeffrey_buckel@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 307 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.003 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 840PY UT WOS:000222872700003 ER PT J AU Balasis, G Egbert, GD Maus, S AF Balasis, G Egbert, GD Maus, S TI Local time effects in satellite estimates of electromagnetic induction transfer functions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RING CURRENT; RESPONSES; MANTLE AB The current satellite magnetic missions offer new opportunities to determine the electrical conductivity of the Earth. However, satellites are nearly stationary in local time and therefore sample the inducing and induced fields quite differently than geomagnetic observatories, which rotate with the Earth. We show that estimates of induction transfer functions obtained from CHAMP magnetic data under the traditional symmetric magnetospheric ring current source (Y-1(0)) assumption depend systematically on local time, suggesting that source fields contain also a coherent non-axisymmetric component. An extended magnetospheric source model that incorporates a coherent non-axisymmetric quadrupole (Y-2(1)), and allows for Earth rotation qualitatively explains the observations. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Balasis, G (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM gbalasis@gfz-potsdam.de RI Balasis, Georgios/G-8680-2012; OI Balasis, Georgios/0000-0001-7342-0557; Egbert, Gary/0000-0003-1276-8538 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16610 DI 10.1029/2004GL020147 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 850MC UT WOS:000223614900002 ER PT J AU Bradley, RS Keimig, FT Diaz, HF AF Bradley, RS Keimig, FT Diaz, HF TI Projected temperature changes along the American cordillera and the planned GCOS network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE EVIDENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL ANDES; HIGH-ELEVATION; GLACIER; TRENDS AB Analysis of 7 GCM simulations with 2x CO2 levels shows large and statistically significant free air temperature changes (compared to controls) along the axis of the American Cordillera (from Alaska to southern Chile). At all latitudes, the modeled change in temperature increases with elevation. Temperature increases are especially large in boreal summer months from similar to35-50degreesN, and year-round in the high mountains of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile. If these models are correct, mountain ranges that extend high into the lower troposphere are likely to experience significant warming, with implications for glacier mass balance and water resources, montane ecosystems and high elevation agricultural activities. There are few high elevation meteorological stations to validate the model projections, or to monitor future changes. The planned GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) surface network is not adequate to address the critical issues raised by these model simulations; additional high elevation observing stations are needed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NOAA OAR CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bradley, RS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Dept Geosci, N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rbradley@geo.umass.edu NR 20 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16210 DI 10.1029/2004GL020229 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 850MC UT WOS:000223614900003 ER PT J AU McGillis, WR Edson, JB Zappa, CJ Ware, JD McKenna, SP Terray, EA Hare, JE Fairall, CW Drennan, W Donelan, M DeGrandpre, MD Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA AF McGillis, WR Edson, JB Zappa, CJ Ware, JD McKenna, SP Terray, EA Hare, JE Fairall, CW Drennan, W Donelan, M DeGrandpre, MD Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA TI Air-sea CO2 exchange in the equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes; equatorial Pacific; direct covariance technique; profile flux technique; diurnal surface layer ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; MIXED-LAYER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WIND-SPEED; COOL-SKIN; OCEAN; FLUX; INTERFACE AB [ 1] GasEx-2001, a 15-day air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange study conducted in the equatorial Pacific, used a combination of ships, buoys, and drifters equipped with ocean and atmospheric sensors to assess variability and surface mechanisms controlling air-sea CO2 fluxes. Direct covariance and profile method air-sea CO2 fluxes were measured together with the surface ocean and marine boundary layer processes. The study took place in February 2001 near 125 degreesW, 3 degreesS in a region of high CO2. The diurnal variation in the air-sea CO2 difference was 2.5%, driven predominantly by temperature effects on surface solubility. The wind speed was 6.0 +/- 1.3 m s(-1), and the atmospheric boundary layer was unstable with conditions over the range - 1 < z/L < 0. Diurnal heat fluxes generated daytime surface ocean stratification and subsequent large nighttime buoyancy fluxes. The average CO2 flux from the ocean to the atmosphere was determined to be 3.9 mol m(-2) yr(-1), with nighttime CO2 fluxes increasing by 40% over daytime values because of a strong nighttime increase in ( vertical) convective velocities. The 15 days of air-sea flux measurements taken during GasEx-2001 demonstrate some of the systematic environmental trends of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The fact that other physical processes, in addition to wind, were observed to control the rate of CO2 transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere indicates that these processes need to be taken into account in local and global biogeochemical models. These local processes can vary on regional and global scales. The GasEx-2001 results show a weak wind dependence but a strong variability in processes governed by the diurnal heating cycle. This implies that any changes in the incident radiation, including atmospheric cloud dynamics, phytoplankton biomass, and surface ocean stratification may have significant feedbacks on the amount and variability of air-sea gas exchange. This is in sharp contrast with previous field studies of air-sea gas exchange, which showed that wind was the dominating forcing function. The results suggest that gas transfer parameterizations that rely solely on wind will be insufficient for regions with low to intermediate winds and strong insolation. C1 Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM wrm2102@columbia.edu NR 71 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S02 DI 10.1029/2003JC002256 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 850MR UT WOS:000223616500001 ER PT J AU Madzunkov, S Fry, D Schuch, R AF Madzunkov, S Fry, D Schuch, R TI Multiple electron capture and photon emission of slow highly charged Taq+ ions in collisions with He and Xe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; RAY-EMISSION; MULTIELECTRON PROCESSES; MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; AR COLLISIONS; LOW-ENERGY; ATOMS; PROJECTILES; STATES; SINGLE AB Multiple electron capture and photon emission in slow (velocity v similar to 0.3 au) collisions by highly charged Taq+(q = 41-49) projectile ions and atomic targets of He and Xe were investigated. The absolute photon yield, or number of x-rays emitted from the projectile ion, showed considerably different behaviours in two distinctive regions of projectile charge state q: the closed M-shell region (q < 45) and the open M-shell region (q > 45). We find that for a closed Ta M shell, in the case of He but not Xe, the absolute photon yield is smaller when two electrons are captured than in the case of single electron capture. For an open Ta M shell it is the opposite for both atomic targets. The branching ratios between three processes, radiative stabilization, internal dielectronic excitation (IDE) and Auger transition, are understood to have a critical influence on these different behaviours. Furthermore, it is found that these branching ratios are strongly influenced by the states into which electrons are captured, thus by the target atom species, and by the projectile core configuration. From our measurement of absolute photon yields for different capture channels, we derived the Auger probabilities after capture from He and Xe to be 0.5(2) and 0.7(2), respectively. We investigated multiple capture in the case of Xe when more than six electrons are transferred in the collision. A simple relation for the increase of the photon yield with increasing number of captured electrons is given. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Atom Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Madzunkov, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Atom Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3239 EP 3258 AR PII S0953-4075(04)74993-7 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/37/19/002 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 853NV UT WOS:000223835200002 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Lin, EK Wu, WL White, CC AF Vogt, BD Lin, EK Wu, WL White, CC TI Effect of film thickness on the validity of the Sauerbrey equation for hydrated polyelectrolyte films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; WATER-ADSORPTION; FREQUENCY; RESONATOR; INTERFACE; SURFACES; LIQUID; MODEL AB The frequency and energy dissipation change of a quartz crystal microbalance during moisture absorption was measured for films with thickness ranging from 3 to 205 nm. Evidence of the viscoelastic nature of the films was observed for films thicker than 90 nm through the frequency and energy dissipation changes. For sufficiently thin films (t < 40 nm), the frequency change could be effectively modeled as a simple increase in mass, as predicted by the Sauerbrey equation. The viscosity of the swollen films was independent of initial polymer film thickness (93-205 nm). The equilibrium swelling ratio was independent of film thickness for all films examined (3-205 nm). The transition between the observation of a rigid film and a film showing viscoelastic character was found to be at beta(1)D = 0.26 +/- 0.10, where beta(1) = 2pi/lambda(s), lambda(s) is the shear wavelength, and D is the film thickness. This transition agrees with the predictions of White and Schrag (J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 11192). C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov NR 21 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 26 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 34 BP 12685 EP 12690 DI 10.1021/jp0481005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 847XG UT WOS:000223430800012 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Seinfeld, JH Dabdub, D Weber, RJ Huebert, B Clarke, AD Guazzotti, SA Sodeman, DA Prather, KA Uno, I Woo, JH Yienger, JJ Streets, DG Quinn, PK Johnson, JE Song, CH Grassian, VH Sandu, A Talbot, RW Dibb, JE AF Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Seinfeld, JH Dabdub, D Weber, RJ Huebert, B Clarke, AD Guazzotti, SA Sodeman, DA Prather, KA Uno, I Woo, JH Yienger, JJ Streets, DG Quinn, PK Johnson, JE Song, CH Grassian, VH Sandu, A Talbot, RW Dibb, JE TI Three-dimensional simulations of inorganic aerosol distributions in east Asia during spring 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol equilibrium; dust; chemical transport model ID TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ACE-ASIA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; KNUDSEN CELL; MINERAL DUST; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLES AB [ 1] In this paper, aerosol composition and size distributions in east Asia are simulated using a comprehensive chemical transport model. Three-dimensional aerosol simulations for the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia periods are performed and used to help interpret actual observations. The regional chemical transport model, STEM-2K3, which includes the on-line gas-aerosol thermodynamic module SCAPE II, and explicitly considers chemical aging of dust, is used in the analysis. The model is found to represent many of the important observed features. The Asian outflow during March and April of 2001 is heavily polluted with high aerosol loadings. Under conditions of low dust loading, SO2 condensation and gas phase ammonia distribution determine the nitrate size and gas-aerosol distributions along air mass trajectories, a situation that is analyzed in detail for two TRACE-P flights. Dust is predicted to alter the partitioning of the semivolatile components between the gas and aerosol phases as well as the size distributions of the secondary aerosol constituents. Calcium in the dust affects the gas-aerosol equilibrium by shifting the equilibrium balance to an anion-limited status, which benefits the uptake of sulfate and nitrate, but reduces the amount of aerosol ammonium. Surface reactions on dust provide an additional mechanism to produce aerosol nitrate and sulfate. The size distribution of dust is shown to be a critical factor in determining the size distribution of secondary aerosols. As much of the dust mass is found in the supermicron mode ( 70 - 90%), appreciable amounts of sulfate and nitrate are found in the supermicron particles. For sulfate the observations and the analysis indicate that 10 - 30% of sulfate is in the supermicron fraction during dust events; in the case of nitrate, more than 80% is found in the supermicron fraction. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; chsong@kist.re.kr RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 45 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S23 DI 10.1029/2003JD004201 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850ML UT WOS:000223615900001 ER PT J AU Banovic, SW Vaudin, MD Gnaeupel-Herold, TH Saylor, DM Rodbell, KP AF Banovic, SW Vaudin, MD Gnaeupel-Herold, TH Saylor, DM Rodbell, KP TI Studies of deformation-induced texture development in sheet materials using diffraction techniques SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE crystallographic texture; neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction; electron backscatter diffraction; sheet metals; formability ID GRAIN ANISOTROPY; ALUMINUM SHEET; FORMING LIMITS; METALS; STRAINS; ALLOYS AB Crystallographic texture measurements were made on a series of rolled aluminum sheet specimens deformed in equi-biaxial tension up to a strain level of 0.11. The measurement techniques used were neutron diffraction with a 4-circle goniometer, electron backscatter diffraction, conventional powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and XRD using an area detector. Results indicated a complex texture orientation distribution function which altered in response to the applied plastic deformation. Increased deformation caused the {110} planes, to align parallel to the plane of the sheet. The different techniques produced results that were very consistent with each other. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed, with particular consideration of the time taken for each method, the range of orientation space accessible, the density of data that can be obtained, and the statistical significance of each data set with respect to rolled sheet product. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol Adm, Div Met, Dept Commerce Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol Adm, Div Ceram, Dept Commerce Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol Adm, Ctr Neutron Res, Dept Commerce Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Banovic, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol Adm, Div Met, Dept Commerce Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM swbanovic@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.084 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QH UT WOS:000223330200021 ER PT J AU Misra, RDK Gubbala, S Kale, A Egelhoff, WF AF Misra, RDK Gubbala, S Kale, A Egelhoff, WF TI A comparison of the magnetic characteristics of nanocrystalline nickel, zinc, and manganese ferrites synthesized by reverse micelle technique SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nickel ferrite; zinc ferrite; manganese ferrite; spinel; nanoparticles; magnetic measurements ID SUPERPARAMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; NIFE2O4; NANOPARTICLES; POWDERS; ZNFE2O4; SIZE AB Nanocrystalline nickel, zinc and manganese ferrites synthesized by reverse micelle synthesis technique were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques, and the magnetic behavior studied by Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). The three ferrites exhibit blocking temperatures of 16, 20, and 35 K, respectively. The difference in the blocking temperatures was attributed to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and L-S coupling. The saturation magnetization of the three ferrites at 300 K was 25, 8, and 6 emu/g, respectively and at 2 K was 35, 17, and 15 K, respectively. The lower saturation magnetization in the case of nickel and manganese ferrite compared to their bulk counterparts is attributed to a core-shell like particle morphology. The increase in the saturation magnetization in the case of zinc ferrite nanoparticles is attributed to the change in the cation distribution from a normal spinel to a mixed spinel structure in the nanocrystalline form. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Chem Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Grp, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Misra, RDK (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Chem Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Grp, POB 44130, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM dmisra@louisiana.edu NR 42 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 111 IS 2-3 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.04.014 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 847FC UT WOS:000223377100011 ER PT J AU Wheat, CG Jannasch, HW Kastner, M Plant, JN DeCarlo, EH Lebon, G AF Wheat, CG Jannasch, HW Kastner, M Plant, JN DeCarlo, EH Lebon, G TI Venting formation fluids from deep-sea boreholes in a ridge flank setting: ODP Sites 1025 and 1026 SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE borehole; hydrothermal; Ocean Drilling Program; pore waters; ridge flanks; trace metals; geochemistry : low-temperature geochemistry; geochemistry : trace elements; marine geology and geophysics : heat flow (benthic) and hydrothermal processes. ID YOUNG OCEANIC-CRUST; HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION; FUCA RIDGE; EASTERN FLANK; HEAT-FLOW; JUAN; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; BASEMENT; SEAWATER AB [1] During ODP Leg 168, two of ten boreholes, ODP Holes 1025C and 1026B, were cased through the sediment section, penetrated basaltic crust that is overpressured, and sealed. In 1999 and 2000 the seals were removed, allowing crustal formation fluids to vent and be sampled. The composition of these fluids is compared to those of basal deep-sea pore waters, which have been the basis for estimating geochemical fluxes from low-temperature ridge flank hydrothermal systems. Estimates for the composition of the major ions in formation fluids based on basal pore waters are within 5% of the values measured in borehole fluids. Similar comparisons for minor and trace elements are not as good; some are reactive in the sediment section, resulting in large uncertainties in the pore water extrapolation, while others are influenced by a variety of contaminants, including steel, grease, drilling muds, and basal sediment. Evidence for contamination includes high dissolved and particulate concentrations of several metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, and Pb) and measurable changes in concentration during the past four years in response to reaction with basal sediment. This new confidence in estimating the primary composition of formation fluids, coupled with advances in thermodynamic and kinetic models, reveals the possibility of anhydrite precipitation in ridge flank hydrothermal systems at temperatures of similar to70degreesC. Such new insights allow us to address the timing and conditions under which seawater-crustal reactions occur, leading to more accurate models of crustal evolution. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Global Undersea Res Unit, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. MBARI, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wheat, CG (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Global Undersea Res Unit, POB 475, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM wheat@mbari.org; jaha@mbari.org; mkastner@ucsd.edu; jplant@mbari.org; edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu; Geoffery.T.Lebon@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08007 DI 10.1029/2004GC000710 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 850LV UT WOS:000223614200003 ER PT J AU Goldner, LS Goldie, SN Fasolka, MJ Renaldo, F Hwang, J Douglas, JF AF Goldner, LS Goldie, SN Fasolka, MJ Renaldo, F Hwang, J Douglas, JF TI Near-field polarimetric characterization of polymer crystallites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; DIFFUSIONAL GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; DIAGRAM; FORCE AB We use near-field polarimetry (NFP) to investigate thin-film crystallites of isotactic polystyrene (iPS). NFP micrographs enable quantitative optical characterization of the birefringence in these specimens with subdiffraction-limited resolution, resulting in observations that give: (1) evidence for radial strain in the depletion boundary surrounding the growth front, and (2) a map of local tilt in the crystal axis and/or strain in the amorphous layers above and below the growth plane of the crystallites. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lori.goldner@nist.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1338 EP 1340 DI 10.1063/1.1785866 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 847EI UT WOS:000223375100010 ER PT J AU Han, JP Koo, SM Richter, CA Vogel, EM AF Han, JP Koo, SM Richter, CA Vogel, EM TI Influence of buffer layer thickness on memory effects of SrBi2Ta2O9/SiN/Si structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE; SI AB We deposited SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films on silicon-nitride (SiN) buffered Si(100) substrates to form metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor structures and observed a significant influence of the buffer layer thickness on the magnitude and direction of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) memory window. As the SiN buffer layer thickness was decreased from 6 nm to 2 nm, the C-V memory hysteresis direction changed from memory direction dominated by ferroelectric polarization (i.e., counterclockwise for n-Si) to a trapping-related hysteresis direction (i.e., clockwise for n-Si). The memory windows for both cases exhibited a similar temperature dependence. The memory window approached zero at temperatures from 340 degreesC to 380 degreesC, which corresponds to the Curie temperature (T-C) of the ferroelectric SBT films. When the temperature was returned to room temperature, the hysteresis windows were recovered. A detailed study has led us to believe that the switching of polarization of the ferroelectric SBT plays a key role in the observed temperature dependence, for both the ferroelectric polarization-dominated and the trapping-dominated memory window. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Han, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jh262@ieee.org RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1441 DI 10.1063/1.1771458 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 847EI UT WOS:000223375100044 ER PT J AU Damoah, R Spichtinger, N Forster, C James, P Mattis, I Wandinger, U Beirle, S Wagner, T Stohl, A AF Damoah, R Spichtinger, N Forster, C James, P Mattis, I Wandinger, U Beirle, S Wagner, T Stohl, A TI Around the world in 17 days - hemispheric-scale transport of forest fire smoke from Russia in May 2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DETECTION; FREE TROPOSPHERE; TRACE GASES; BOREAL; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; STRATOSPHERE; SIBERIA; PERSPECTIVE; VALIDATION AB In May 2003, severe forest fires in southeast Russia resulted in smoke plumes extending widely across the Northern Hemisphere. This study combines satellite data from a variety of platforms ( Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)) and vertical aerosol profiles derived with Raman lidar measurements with results from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to understand the transport processes that led to the large haze plumes observed over North America and Europe. The satellite images provided a unique opportunity for validating model simulations of tropospheric transport on a truly hemispheric scale. Transport of the smoke occurred in two directions: Smoke travelling north-westwards towards Scandinavia was lifted over the Urals and arrived over the Norwegian Sea. Smoke travelling eastwards to the Okhotsk Sea was also lifted, it then crossed the Bering Sea to Alaska from where it proceeded to Canada and was later even observed over Scandinavia and Eastern Europe on its way back to Russia. Not many events of this kind, if any, have been observed, documented and simulated with a transport model comprehensively. The total transport time was about 17 days. We compared transport model simulations using meteorological analysis data from both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in order to find out how well this event could be simulated using these two datasets. Although differences between the two simulations are found on small scales, both agree remarkably well with each other and with the observations on large scales. On the basis of the available observations, it cannot be decided which simulation was more realistic. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM damoah@forst.tu-muenchen.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Damoah, Richard/H-1665-2012; Wandinger, Ulla/E-3348-2014 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; NR 49 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1311 EP 1321 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848YN UT WOS:000223504200002 ER PT J AU Allis, DG Braden, D Jenkins, TA Baronov, S Middleton, C Withnall, R Brown, CM Lan, Y Hudson, BS AF Allis, DG Braden, D Jenkins, TA Baronov, S Middleton, C Withnall, R Brown, CM Lan, Y Hudson, BS TI Crystalline 1,3-cyclohexanedione and its complex with benzene: Vibrational spectra, simulation of structure and dynamics and evidence for cooperative hydrogen bonding. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Sci & Technol 1 014, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Greenwich, Sch Chem & Life Sci, London SE18 6PF, England. Univ Maryland, NIST, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dgallis@mailbox.syr.edu; bshudson@syr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 555-PHYS BP U283 EP U283 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801506 ER PT J AU Amis, EJ AF Amis, EJ TI Exploiting the innovator's dilemma: Making breakthroughs happen. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.amis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 004-BMGT BP U214 EP U214 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800941 ER PT J AU Amis, EJ Beers, KL Fasolka, MJ AF Amis, EJ Beers, KL Fasolka, MJ TI High-throughput analytical methods for polymer analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.amis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 146-ANYL BP U158 EP U158 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800632 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ AF Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ TI Scaling relationship between Lee and Kovats retention indices. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 088-ANYL BP U124 EP U124 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800574 ER PT J AU Bedner, M MacCrehan, W AF Bedner, M MacCrehan, W TI Environmental pharmaceutical transformations by chlorination processes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 288-ENVR BP U637 EP U638 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802565 ER PT J AU Bedner, M MacCrehan, W Helz, GR AF Bedner, M MacCrehan, W Helz, GR TI Making chlorine greener: An investigation of alternate dechlorination agents for chloramine removal in wastewater. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 082-ENVR BP U603 EP U603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802359 ER PT J AU Bur, AJ Lee, YH Roth, SC Start, PR AF Bur, AJ Lee, YH Roth, SC Start, PR TI Polymer/clay nanocomposites compounding: Establishing an extent of exfoliation scale using real-time dielectric, optical and fluorescence monitoring. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM abur@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 280-PMSE BP U457 EP U457 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802439 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Kee, TW AF Cicerone, MT Kee, TW TI Broadband CARS imaging of single cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 677-PHYS BP U301 EP U301 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801623 ER PT J AU Dickens, S Flaim, GM Floyd, CJE AF Dickens, S Flaim, GM Floyd, CJE TI Effect of resin composition on mechanical and physical properties of calcium phosphate filled bonding systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, ADAHF PRC, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 199-POLY BP U354 EP U354 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801876 ER PT J AU do Santo, P Buttrey, DJ Grasselli, RK AF do Santo, P Buttrey, DJ Grasselli, RK TI Characterization of mixed-metal molybdate catalysts for propane ammoxidation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM peter.desanto@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 278-COLL BP U496 EP U496 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802023 ER PT J AU Fahey, DW AF Fahey, DW TI Value of chemical physics in the study of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 208-PHYS BP U232 EP U232 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801166 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Murray, JR Locascio, LE Wightman, RM AF Forry, SP Murray, JR Locascio, LE Wightman, RM TI Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in microfluidic channels: Electrochemical detection during electrophoresis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 055-ANYL BP U119 EP U120 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800541 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Davis, RD Shields, JR Wentz, D Brassell, LD Morgan, AB Lyon, RE Zanetto, JE AF Gilman, JW Davis, RD Shields, JR Wentz, D Brassell, LD Morgan, AB Lyon, RE Zanetto, JE TI Development of high throughput methods for polymer flammability characterization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Core R&D, Chem Sci, Midland, MI 48674 USA. FAA, Fire Safety Branch AAR 440, Washington, DC USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 164-PMSE BP U439 EP U439 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802323 ER PT J AU Hernandez, RM Cao, YY Prakasam, H Islam, M Xu, W Evoy, S Irwin, MJ Mallouk, TE Mayer, TS Semancik, S AF Hernandez, RM Cao, YY Prakasam, H Islam, M Xu, W Evoy, S Irwin, MJ Mallouk, TE Mayer, TS Semancik, S TI Conducting polymer nanowires for chemical sensor arrays. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 152, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Moore Sch Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM rmh176@psu.edu RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 588-INOR BP U869 EP U869 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803624 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS AF Julienne, PS TI Making cold molecules using tunable scattering resonances. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Paul.Julienne@nist.gov RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 210-PHYS BP U232 EP U232 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801168 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, T Du, FM Winey, KI Groth, KM Shields, JR Harris, RH Douglas, JF AF Kashiwagi, T Du, FM Winey, KI Groth, KM Shields, JR Harris, RH Douglas, JF TI Flammability properties of PMMA-single walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM takashi.kashiwagi@nish.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 50-PMSE BP U423 EP U423 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802210 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR AF Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR TI Impact of exfoliated silicate on the dielectric relaxations of nylon 11 nanocomposites in the melt and solid states. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yu-hsin.lee@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 517-PMSE BP U508 EP U508 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802674 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Becker, ML Wilson, KS Washburn, N AF Lin-Gibson, S Becker, ML Wilson, KS Washburn, N TI Synthesis and characterization of bioactive PEGDM hydrogels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 295-POLY BP U369 EP U369 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801971 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Jones, R Washburn, NR Horkay, F AF Lin-Gibson, S Jones, R Washburn, NR Horkay, F TI Structure-property relationships of photopolymerizable PEGDM hydrogels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NICHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 294-POLY BP U369 EP U369 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801970 ER PT J AU Linstrom, PJ AF Linstrom, PJ TI Data handling in the Nist Chemistry Webbook. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 096-CINF BP U368 EP U368 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801568 ER PT J AU Matheu, D Grenda, JM AF Matheu, D Grenda, JM TI Automated modeling of gas-phase chemistry for pyrocarbon forming high conversion ethane pyrolysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.matheu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 142-FUEL BP U674 EP U674 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802769 ER PT J AU Matheu, D Dean, AM Grenda, JM AF Matheu, D Dean, AM Grenda, JM TI Pressure-dependent automated mechanism generation for high-conversion ethane pyrolysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david.matheu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 150-PHYS BP U223 EP U223 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801109 ER PT J AU McNamara, W Tarlov, MJ Huang, TH AF McNamara, W Tarlov, MJ Huang, TH TI Electrochemical studies of solution- and vapor-deposited alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcnamarw@lafayette.edu; huangt@lafayette.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 130-COLL BP U471 EP U471 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801875 ER PT J AU Morgan, AB Midland, DA Bundy, M AF Morgan, AB Midland, DA Bundy, M TI UL-94 to cone calorimeter correlation: Effects of polymer structure and flame retardant type. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Dow Chem Co USA, Chem Sci, Core R&D, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 166-PMSE BP U439 EP U440 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802325 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Hodak, JH Fiore, J Downey, C Pardi, A AF Nesbitt, DJ Hodak, JH Fiore, J Downey, C Pardi, A TI Real time FRET studies of single molecule RNA folding. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, JILA, JILA Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 678-PHYS BP U301 EP U301 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801624 ER PT J AU Park, SJ Choi, YW Seo, YS Satija, SK Park, SY Sohn, D AF Park, SJ Choi, YW Seo, YS Satija, SK Park, SY Sohn, D TI Supramolecular ordering of tripod dyes at the air/water interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Hanyang Univ, Seoul 133791, South Korea. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151, South Korea. EM sss_psj@hanmail.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 170-COLL BP U477 EP U477 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801915 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Sander, LC AF Phinney, KW Sander, LC TI Ammonium salts as polar additives in enantioselective SFC. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 010-ANYL BP U112 EP U112 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800496 ER PT J AU Rajakumar, B McCabe, DC Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR AF Rajakumar, B McCabe, DC Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR TI Kinetics of the reaction of OH radical with n-propanol and iso-propanol. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Atmospher Chem Kinet, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rkumar@al.noaa.gov RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 495-PHYS BP U274 EP U274 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801446 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, AR TI Role of chemistry in studies of Earth's climate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ravi@al.noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 686-PHYS BP U302 EP U302 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801632 ER PT J AU Regnault, WF Fitzgerald, RM Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Regnault, WF Fitzgerald, RM Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D TI Effect of fluid environment on ion release from amorphous calcium phosphate filled restorative materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. EM WFR@CDRH.FDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 264-POLY BP U364 EP U364 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801941 ER PT J AU Richards, N Dickens, S Antonucci, JM AF Richards, N Dickens, S Antonucci, JM TI Dental polymeric composites activated with camphorouinone or diacyl phosphine oxide photoinitiators. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD USA. ADAHF PRC, Polymer Chem, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM nicola.richards@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 313-POLY BP U372 EP U372 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801989 ER PT J AU Sanabia, JE Goldner, LS Lacaze, PA Hawkins, ME AF Sanabia, JE Goldner, LS Lacaze, PA Hawkins, ME TI Single molecule detection and fluorescence characterization of 3-MI, a guanosine analog SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lori.goldner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 167-PHYS BP U226 EP U226 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801125 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA TI Dietary supplement standard reference materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 177-ANYL BP U162 EP U162 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800663 ER PT J AU Stoliarov, SI Zhang, HQ Westmoreland, PR Lyon, RE Nyden, MR AF Stoliarov, SI Zhang, HQ Westmoreland, PR Lyon, RE Nyden, MR TI Molecular modeling of the thermal decomposition of polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Galaxy Sci Corp, Harbor Twp, NJ 08234 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. FAA, Fire Safety Branch AAR 440, Washington, DC USA. EM stanislav.ctr.stoliarov@faa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 165-PMSE BP U439 EP U439 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802324 ER PT J AU Stranick, SJ Chase, DB AF Stranick, SJ Chase, DB TI Nano-optics for chemical and materials analysis on the nanoscale. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.stranick@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 193-ANYL BP U165 EP U165 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800679 ER PT J AU Tanaka, J Stansbury, J Antonucci, J Suzuki, K AF Tanaka, J Stansbury, J Antonucci, J Suzuki, K TI Charactristic photo- and thermo-polymerization behavior and mechanical properties of UDMA/MAA system. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Okayama Univ, Dept Biomat, Okayama 7008525, Japan. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Biomat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM jiro_t@md.okayama-u.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 312-POLY BP U371 EP U372 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801988 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, W TI Fuel cracking and combustion kinetics databases. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 221-PHYS BP U234 EP U234 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801179 ER PT J AU Wilder, EA Quinn, JB Antonucci, JM AF Wilder, EA Quinn, JB Antonucci, JM TI Organogelators and their application in dental materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.wilder@nist.gov; joseph.antonucci@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 37-POLY BP U331 EP U331 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801715 ER PT J AU Wilson, KS Antonucci, JM AF Wilson, KS Antonucci, JM TI Structure-property relationships of thermoset methacrylate composites for dental materials: Study of the interfacial phase of silica nanoparticle-filled composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kristen.obrien@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 202-POLY BP U354 EP U354 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801879 ER PT J AU Woodward, JT Elliott, JT Tona, A Langenbach, KJ Plant, AL AF Woodward, JT Elliott, JT Tona, A Langenbach, KJ Plant, AL TI Characterization of extracellular matrix protein coated surfaces for tissue engineering. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.woodward@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 210-COLL BP U484 EP U484 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801955 ER PT J AU Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Beers, KL AF Wu, T Mei, Y Xu, C Beers, KL TI Phase transition of PDMAEMA-b-PEG in aqueous solution dependence on molecular weights and compositions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tao.wu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 548-PMSE BP U513 EP U513 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802705 ER PT J AU Xu, C Wu, T Drain, CM Batteas, JD Beers, KL AF Xu, C Wu, T Drain, CM Batteas, JD Beers, KL TI Synthesis of gradient copolymer brushes via surface initiated atom transfer radical copolymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM chang.xu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 87-POLY BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801764 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Lin-Gibson, S Simon, C Antonucci, JM Washburn, NR AF Zhang, K Lin-Gibson, S Simon, C Antonucci, JM Washburn, NR TI Biocompatible polymer blends derived from the photopolymerization of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate-polylactide mixtures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM kai.zhang@nist.gov; joseph.antonucci@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 234-POLY BP U359 EP U359 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801911 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Briber, RM Kashiwagi, T AF Zhang, X Briber, RM Kashiwagi, T TI Microstructure and flammability of PMMA/layered silicate nanocomposite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 51-PMSE BP U423 EP U423 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802211 ER PT J AU Meier, K Laesecke, A Kabelac, S AF Meier, K Laesecke, A Kabelac, S TI Transport coefficients of the lennard-jones model fluid. I. Viscosity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; NONEQUILIBRIUM-MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MODERATELY DENSE GAS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL THEORY; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; HARD-SPHERE TREATMENT; SHEAR VISCOSITY; KINETIC-THEORY; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; TRIPLE-POINT AB In an extensive computer simulation study, the transport coefficients of the Lennard-Jones model fluid were determined with high accuracy from equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. In the frame of time-correlation function theory, the generalized Einstein relations were employed to evaluate the transport coefficients. This first of a series of four papers presents the results for the viscosity, and discusses and interprets the behavior of this transport coefficient in the fluid region of the phase diagram. Moreover, the kinetic-kinetic, kinetic-potential, and potential-potential viscosity contributions are resolved over the whole range of fluid states, and their characteristic dependence on temperature and density is described. Finally, an additional analysis of the shear-stress correlation functions reveals aspects of the momentum-transport mechanisms on the molecular scale. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Helmut Schmidt Univ Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meier, K (reprint author), Helmut Schmidt Univ Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, Holstenhofweg 85, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. EM karsten.meier@hsuhh.de NR 78 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 8 BP 3671 EP 3687 DI 10.1063/1.1770695 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 845HY UT WOS:000223234200038 PM 15303934 ER PT J AU Peck, MA Buckley, LJ O'Bryan, LM Davies, EJ Lapolla, AE AF Peck, MA Buckley, LJ O'Bryan, LM Davies, EJ Lapolla, AE TI Efficacy of egg surface disinfectants in captive spawning Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE egg surface disinfectants; Atlantic cod; haddock ID EYED EGGS; INCUBATION; COLONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; FORMALIN; HALIBUT AB In an effort to optimize the efficiency of high-density incubation of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus eggs, the per cent hatch of eggs treated with four disinfectants (3% hydrogen peroxide, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a 0.005% antibiotic solution - penicillin/streptomycin) was compared in both species. The per cent hatch of eggs of each species was greatest after a 24 h treatment with the antibiotic solution. The hatching success of eggs treated within the different disinfectant treatments depended upon the embryonic developmental stage in both species. The sodium hypochlorite treatment had the lowest % coverage of colony growth after disinfected haddock eggs were plated onto sterile agar media. highest survival rates to the end of the embryonic period, but the lowest per cent hatch. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI NOAA CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI NOAA CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lbuckley@gso.uri.edu RI Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 10 BP 992 EP 996 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01119.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 845GG UT WOS:000223228300011 ER PT J AU Orr, JW AF Orr, JW TI Lopholipafis flerxi: A new genus and species of snailfish (Scorpaeniformes : Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TELEOSTEI AB A new genus and species of the scorpaeniform family Liparidae, Lopholiparis flerxi, is described from the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The new genus differs from all known liparid genera in having supraorbital ridges, produced by enlarged and heavily ossified frontals and sphenotics, and enlarged opercles. It also has seven spinous dorsal-fin rays, the anteriormost six forming a distinct lobe; an elliptical pupil; and low dorsal- and anal-fin ray counts. It is most similar to Temnocora candida, which also possesses an anterior spinous dorsal-fin lobe and an elliptical pupil. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.orr@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000010 ER PT J AU Hoshino, K Munroe, TA AF Hoshino, K Munroe, TA TI Neoetropus macrops Hildebrand and Schroeder, 1928: A reversed specimen and a junior synonym of Cithafichthys arctifrons Goode, 1880 (Teleostei; Pleuronectiformes; Paralichthyidae) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PISCES AB Neoetropus macrops Hildebrand and Schroeder, 1928, a nominal genus and species of dextral flounder known uniquely from the holotype, has been problematic regarding its identity and taxonomic status since its description. Previous treatments considered this dextral flatfish as a possible member of the dextral flounder family Poecilopsettidae or suggested it as a reversed individual of a sinistral paralichthyid species (either Etropus microstomus or Citharichthys arctifrons). However, its identity and status have never been confidently resolved. Following detailed examination of the holotype of N. macrops and comparison with other taxa, the identity and status of this species is resolved. Except for features determined to be anomalous in this specimen (dextral symmetry and short, ocular-side upper jaw), counts, measurements, and other morphological characters (e.g, arrangement of pelvic fins, position of urogenital papilla, and pattern of caudal skeleton ossification) of N. macrops agree with those of Citharichthys arctifrons Goode, 1880. Thus, N. macrops is identified as a reversed individual of the sinistral C. arctifrons. Accordingly, based on this finding, Neoetropus is relegated to the synonymy of Citharichthys Bleeker, 1862, and N. macrops becomes a junior synonym of C arctifrons Goode, 1880. The reported capture location for this specimen (off the mouth of the Potomac River in Chesapeake Bay) is suspect because of its extremely unusual occurrence for C. arctifrons and discrepancies in documentation associated with this specimen. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,Room WC60S,MRC 0153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM khoshino@kahaku.go.jp; munroe.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 583 EP 591 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000015 ER PT J AU Richards, WJ AF Richards, WJ TI Donald Perrin de Sylva - 1929-2004 - Obituary SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Richards, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bill.Richards@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 722 EP 725 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000034 ER PT J AU Jaffe, D Bertschi, I Jaegle, L Novelli, P Reid, JS Tanimoto, H Vingarzan, R Westphal, DL AF Jaffe, D Bertschi, I Jaegle, L Novelli, P Reid, JS Tanimoto, H Vingarzan, R Westphal, DL TI Long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning emissions and impact on surface ozone in western North America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; BACKGROUND OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; VARIABILITY; WILDFIRES; CHEMISTRY; EPISODES; PACIFIC; CH4 AB During the summer of 2003, biomass fires burned a large area of Siberia, the largest in at least 10 years. We used the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to forecast the transport of the smoke from these fires. Transport of these airmasses to North America was confirmed by aircraft and surface observations. The fires resulted in enhancements in summer background CO and O-3 of 23 - 37 and 5 - 9 ppbv, respectively, at 10 sites in Alaska, Canada and the Pacific Northwest. From the area burned, we estimate that the Siberian fires generated 68 Tg of CO and 0.82 Tg of NOx ( as N). In addition, we show that the background O-3 enhancement contributed to an exceedance of the ozone air quality standard in the Pacific Northwest. These results show that regional air quality and health are linked to global processes, including climate, forest fires and long-range transport of pollutants. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98011 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Aerosal & Radiat Modeling Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Atmospher Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Environm Canada, Aquat & Atmospher Sci Div, Pacific & Yukon Reg, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 18115 Campus Way NE, Seattle, WA 98011 USA. EM djaffe@u.washington.edu RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 24 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16106 DI 10.1029/2004GL020093 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849NB UT WOS:000223544400002 ER PT J AU Randles, CA Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V AF Randles, CA Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V TI Hygroscopic and optical properties of organic sea salt aerosol and consequences for climate forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; WATER; SIZE; CLOUDS; GROWTH AB Scattering of incoming solar radiation by sea salt aerosol is strongly dependent on relative humidity ( RH) since hygroscopic particles take up water at high RH. Organic compounds may constitute up to 50% of marine aerosol mass in internal mixtures. We used a detailed thermodynamic and optical model to calculate hygroscopic growth and extinction of sea salt aerosol internally mixed with a soluble organic compound. Increasing organic content from 10 to 50% suppresses growth at high RH compared to a pure NaCl particle by 4 to 20%. For a mildly absorbing organic, the scattering increase with RH is reduced by up to 32% for these mixtures, consistent with observations. Internal mixtures of 90% NaCl and 10% nonabsorbing organics cause 3% less cooling than 100% NaCl particles in the visible spectrum over the clear-sky oceans. For a mildly absorbing organic compound, 10% organic content reduces radiative cooling substantially compared to 100% NaCl aerosol. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Randles, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM crandles@princeton.edu; lmrussell@ucsd.edu; v.ramaswamy@noaa.gov RI Randles, Cynthia/B-6972-2013 NR 28 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16108 DI 10.1029/2004GL020628 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849NB UT WOS:000223544400006 ER PT J AU Lee, YS Krauss, M AF Lee, YS Krauss, M TI Reversible proton transfer dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Horizons in Hydrogen Bond Research CY SEP 16-21, 2003 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Freie Univ, Inst Chem, Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Physikal Chem DE ab initio dynamics; bacteriorhodopsin; quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics ID PROTEIN CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; N-INTERMEDIATE; M-STATE; PHOTOCYCLE; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; TRANSLOCATION; POTENTIALS; QUANTUM AB In a previous study of ab initio dynamics, the proton transfer in bacteriorhodopsin from protonated asp96 in the cytoplasmic region toward the deprotonated Schiff base was investigated. A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics model was constructed from the X-ray structure of bacteriorhodopsin E204Q mutant. In this model, asp96, asp85, and thr89 as well as most of the retinal chromophore and the Schiff base link of lys216 were treated quantum mechanically while the rest of the atoms were treated molecular mechanically. A channel was found in the X-ray structure allowing a water chain to form between the asp96 and Schiff base. In the present study, a chain of four waters from asp96 to the Schiff base N coupled with one branching water supports proton transfer as a concerted event in about 3.5 ps. With both a neutral asp85 and a branched water, the dynamics is now found to be more complicated than observed in the initial study for the transition from the photocycle late M state to the N state. Proton transfer is also observed from the Schiff base back to asp96 demonstrating that there is no effective barrier to proton transfer larger than kT in a strong H-bonded network. The binding of the branched water to the four water chains can dynamically hinder the proton transfer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIH, Ctr Informat Technol, Ctr Mol Modeling, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Informat Technol, Ctr Mol Modeling, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM leeys@mail.nih.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 700 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.02.004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842DC UT WOS:000222982200032 ER PT J AU Murali, KVRM Dutton, Z Oliver, WD Crankshaw, DS Orlando, TP AF Murali, KVRM Dutton, Z Oliver, WD Crankshaw, DS Orlando, TP TI Probing decoherence with electromagnetically induced transparency in superconductive quantum circuits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT; GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC GAS; STATES; LIGHT; SUPERPOSITION; OSCILLATIONS; BOSE; FLUX AB Superconductive quantum circuits comprise quantized energy levels that may be coupled via microwave electromagnetic fields. Described in this way, one may draw a close analogy to atoms with internal (electronic) levels coupled by laser light fields. In this Letter, we present a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency that utilizes superconductive quantum circuit designs of present day experimental consideration. We discuss how a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to establish macroscopic coherence in such systems and, thereby, be utilized as a sensitive probe of decoherence. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Murali, KVRM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 087003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.087003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400060 PM 15447217 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Dirmeyer, PA Guo, ZC Bonan, G Chan, E Cox, P Gordon, CT Kanae, S Kowalczyk, E Lawrence, D Liu, P Lu, CH Malyshev, S McAvaney, B Mitchell, K Mocko, D Oki, T Oleson, K Pitman, A Sud, YC Taylor, CM Verseghy, D Vasic, R Xue, YK Yamada, T AF Koster, RD Dirmeyer, PA Guo, ZC Bonan, G Chan, E Cox, P Gordon, CT Kanae, S Kowalczyk, E Lawrence, D Liu, P Lu, CH Malyshev, S McAvaney, B Mitchell, K Mocko, D Oki, T Oleson, K Pitman, A Sud, YC Taylor, CM Verseghy, D Vasic, R Xue, YK Yamada, T CA GLACE Team TI Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; RAINFALL AB Previous estimates of land-atmosphere interaction (the impact of soil moisture on precipitation) have been limited by a lack of observational data and by the model dependence of computational estimates. To counter the second limitation, a dozen climate-modeling groups have recently performed the same highly controlled numerical experiment as part of a coordinated comparison project. This allows a multimodel estimation of the regions on Earth where precipitation is affected by soil moisture anomalies during Northern Hemisphere summer. Potential bene its of this estimation may include improved seasonal rainfall forecasts. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M34 5T4, Canada. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Res Inst Human & Nat, Kyoto 6020878, Japan. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. Macquarie Univ, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov RI Oleson, Keith/A-9328-2008; Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Taylor, Chris/K-2319-2012; Kanae, Shinjiro/E-5606-2010; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Cox, Peter/B-3299-2012 OI Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Pitman, Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Taylor, Chris/0000-0002-0120-3198; Kanae, Shinjiro/0000-0002-3176-4957; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; NR 21 TC 1058 Z9 1108 U1 25 U2 252 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5687 BP 1138 EP 1140 DI 10.1126/science.1100217 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 849RD UT WOS:000223557400043 PM 15326351 ER PT J AU Burnett, DJ Capitano, AT Gabelnick, AM Marsh, AL Fischer, DA Gland, JL AF Burnett, DJ Capitano, AT Gabelnick, AM Marsh, AL Fischer, DA Gland, JL TI In-situ soft X-ray studies of CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE near edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); oxidation; surface chemical reaction; carbon monoxide; oxygen; platinum; low index single crystal surfaces ID CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MULTIPLE RATE STATES; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; OXYGEN; PRESSURES; KINETICS; MECHANISMS; ADSORPTION AB Temperature-programmed and isothermal carbon-K-edge fluorescence yield measurements have been used to characterize carbon monoxide oxidation on the Pt(111) surface in pressures of flowing oxygen ranging from 0.00002 to 0.02 Torr over the 200-600 K temperature range. Temperature programmed-fluorescence yield near edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES) of the oxidation of pre-adsorbed CO coverages in O(2) pressures up to 0.02 Torr has been used to directly characterize surface reaction rates and to focus on the effects of temperature and oxygen flux during oxidation. For a saturated CO coverage, oxidation does not begin until significant CO desorption from the surface occurs. This finding is supported by the observation that the onset temperature for oxidation remains at 305 K for the CO saturated surface even for O(2) pressures up to 0.02 Torr. For large CO coverages below full saturation, the onset temperature for oxidation decreases with increasing oxygen pressure, indicating oxygen adsorption is not completely inhibited. After oxidation begins for large CO coverages, oxidation rapidly decreases the CO surface concentration, as the activation energy for CO oxidation is smaller than the activation energy for CO desorption. Isothermal oxidation experiments clearly show that the oxidation activation energies observed depend on both the CO coverage and the O(2) pressure. Oxidation activation energies are larger for small CO coverages, with a clear increase below 70% of a saturated CO coverage. For instance. at an oxygen pressure of 0.002 Torr, the activation energy for oxidation increases from 11.9 to 16.8 kcal/mol as the CO coverage decreases below 70% of a saturated coverage. In addition, oxidation activation energies decrease with increasing oxygen pressure. For example, as the oxygen pressure is increased from 0.002 to 0.02 Torr, the activation energy for oxidation of CO coverages below 70% of a saturated coverage is decreased from 16.8 to 12.3 kcal/mol. For the fully saturated CO coverage, the inhibition of oxygen adsorption completely suppresses oxidation below the CO desorption temperature. For large CO coverages below saturation where oxidation proceeds at a measurable rate, the order in oxygen is approximately zero (0.08), suggesting that oxidation is generally not limited by oxygen adsorption. Taken together, these findings clearly confirm that CO inhibition of O(2) adsorption is crucial for the saturated coverage of CO. For CO coverages below saturation, interactions within the adsorbed layer significantly alter both the activation energy and pre-factor for CO oxidation on the low-index Pt(111) surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gland, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, 930 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gland@umich.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 564 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.07.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 847JI UT WOS:000223388100006 ER PT J AU Aslam, S Vest, RE Franz, D Yan, F Zhao, Y AF Aslam, S Vest, RE Franz, D Yan, F Zhao, Y TI Large area GaN Schottky photodiode with low leakage current SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB Pt/n-type GaN Schottky photodiodes with large active areas which exhibit low leakage currents are fabricated. Reverse bias leakage currents of 2.7 nA for a 1 cm(2) diode and 14 pA for a 0.25 cm(2) diode both at -0.5 V bias are reported. External quantum efficiency measurements between the spectral range 50 to 500 nm gave a peak responsivity of 77.5 mA/W at 320 nm for a 0.25 cm(2) diode, corresponding to a spectral detectivity, D* = 1.5 x 10(14) cmHz(1/2)W(-1). C1 Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Keithley Instruments Inc, Cleveland, OH 44139 USA. RP Aslam, S (reprint author), Raytheon ITSS, 4400 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Aslam, Shahid/D-1099-2012 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 17 BP 1080 EP 1082 DI 10.1049/el:20045563 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 850PC UT WOS:000223623900034 ER PT J AU Koo, SM Lee, MS Moon, BM AF Koo, SM Lee, MS Moon, BM TI Nonvolatile current-sensing device in all oxide Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3/BaRuO3 structure SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB A nonvolatile current sensing device using Pb(Zr-0.52,Ti-0.48)O-3 (PZT) as a gate and BaRuO3 (BRO) as a thin film channel is demonstrated. A nonvolatile change of 33% in the sheet resistance of BRO has been observed as the polarisation of the ferroelectric PZT layer is reversed. This change was nonvolatile after 24 h and the conductivity measurements between 80 and 300 K revealed that the BRO layer shows n-type conduction. The BRO channel is compatible with PZT process and the all-oxide structure offers the possibility of nonvolatile, current-sensing memory devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Koo, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smkoo@nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 17 BP 1088 EP 1089 DI 10.1049/el:20045245 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 850PC UT WOS:000223623900039 ER PT J AU McGillis, WR Asher, WE Wanninkhof, R Jessup, AT Feely, RA AF McGillis, WR Asher, WE Wanninkhof, R Jessup, AT Feely, RA TI Introduction to special section: Air-sea exchange SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERE C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McGillis, WR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM wrm2102@columbia.edu; asher@apl.washington.edu; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; jessup@apl.washington.edu; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov RI Jessup, Andrew/E-5625-2017 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S01 DI 10.1029/2004JC002605 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 849OD UT WOS:000223547300001 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ Yang, CSC Wilson, PT Hacker, CA van Zee, RD Stapleton, JJ Allara, DL AF Richter, LJ Yang, CSC Wilson, PT Hacker, CA van Zee, RD Stapleton, JJ Allara, DL TI Optical characterization of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) self-assembled monolayers on gold SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; POLYMER AB Vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation (VR-SFG) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) have been used to characterize self-assembled monolayer films of unsubstituted and mononitro-substituted oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) molecules on vapor-deposited An substrates. When combined with quantum chemical calculations of the relevant transition moment directions, orientation distributions and electronic excitation spectra are obtained. The orientation distribution from VR-SFG is in good agreement with previous IR reflection studies, indicating both molecules are tilted from the surface normal by similar to30degrees. The calculated resonant hyperpolarizabilities are in good agreement with experimental spectra. The optical polarizability extracted from SE suggests strong intermolecular interactions, consistent with molecular exciton theory. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Richter, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328 NR 72 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 12547 EP 12559 DI 10.1021/jp0492366 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 846BK UT WOS:000223289500038 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Zinn-Justin, J AF Jentschura, UD Zinn-Justin, J TI Instantons in quantum mechanics and resurgent expansions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE general properties of perturbation theory; asymptotic problems and properties ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; SUPERSYMMETRY AB Certain quantum mechanical potentials give rise to a vanishing perturbation series for at least one energy level (which as we here assume is the ground state), but the true ground-state energy is positive. We show here that in a typical case, the eigenvalue may be expressed in terms of a generalized perturbative expansion (resurgent expansion). Modified Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions lead to generalized perturbative expansions which may be expressed in terms of nonanalytic factors of the form exp(-a/g), where a > 0 is the instanton action, and power series in the coupling g, as well as logarithmic factors. The ground-state energy, for the specific Hamiltonians, is shown to be dominated by instanton effects, and we provide numerical evidence for the validity of the related conjectures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 07, Inst Math Jussieu Chevaleret, F-75251 Paris 05, France. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Hermann-Herder-Str 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM jentschura@physik.uni-freiburg.de; zinn@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 596 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.077 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 843YE UT WOS:000223122600018 ER PT J AU Onsager, TG Poppe, B Murtagh, W AF Onsager, TG Poppe, B Murtagh, W TI Halloween Storms star in Space Weather Week 2004 meeting SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Onsager, TG (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 8 AR S08003 DI 10.1029/2004SW000099 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HA UT WOS:000227849800001 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Edmonds, HN Michael, PJ Bach, W Dick, HJB Snow, JE Walker, SL Banerjee, NR Langmuir, CH AF Baker, ET Edmonds, HN Michael, PJ Bach, W Dick, HJB Snow, JE Walker, SL Banerjee, NR Langmuir, CH TI Hydrothermal venting in magma deserts: The ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and Southwest Indian Ridges SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Gakkel Ridge; hydrothermal venting; magmatic budget; Southwest Indian Ridge; ultraslow ridges; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems; volcanology : hydrothermal systems ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; CIRCULATION; 36-DEGREES-14'N AB [1] Detailed hydrothermal surveys over ridges with spreading rates of 50 - 150 mm/yr have found a linear relation between spreading rate and the spatial frequency of hydrothermal venting, but the validity of this relation at slow and ultraslow ridges is unproved. Here we compare hydrothermal plume surveys along three sections of the Gakkel Ridge ( Arctic Ocean) and the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to determine if hydrothermal activity is similarly distributed among these ultraslow ridge sections and if these distributions follow the hypothesized linear trend derived from surveys along fast ridges. Along the Gakkel Ridge, most apparent vent sites occur on volcanic highs, and the extraordinarily weak vertical density gradient of the deep Arctic permits plumes to rise above the axial bathymetry. Individual plumes can thus be extensively dispersed along axis, to distances > 200 km, and similar to 75% of the total axial length surveyed is overlain by plumes. Detailed mapping of these plumes points to only 9 - 10 active sites in 850 km, however, yielding a site frequency F-s, sites/100 km of ridge length, of 1.1-1.2. Plumes detected along the SWIR are considerably less extensive for two reasons: an apparent paucity of active vent fields on volcanic highs and a normal deep-ocean density gradient that prevents extended plume rise. Along a western SWIR section (10degrees- 23degreesE) we identify 3 - 8 sites, so F-s = 0.3 - 0.8; along a previously surveyed 440 km section of the eastern SWIR (58degrees- 66degreesE), 6 sites yield F-s = 1.3. Plotting spreading rate (u(s)) versus F-s, the ultraslow ridges and eight other ridge sections, spanning the global range of spreading rate, establish a robust linear trend (F-s = 0.98 + 0.015u(s)), implying that the long-term heat supply is the first-order control on the global distribution of hydrothermal activity. Normalizing F-s to the delivery rate of basaltic magma suggests that ultraslow ridges are several times more efficient than faster-spreading ridges in supporting active vent fields. This increased efficiency could derive from some combination of three-dimensional magma focusing at volcanic centers, deep mining of heat from gabbroic intrusions and direct cooling of the upper mantle, and nonmagmatic heat supplied by exothermic serpentinization. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov; edmonds@utmsi.utexas.edu; pjm@utulsa.edu; wbach@whoi.edu; hdick@whoi.edu; jesnow@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; sharon.l.walker@noaa.gov; banerjee@ualberta.ca; langmuir@eps.harvard.edu RI Snow, Jonathan/E-5591-2011; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017 OI Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142 NR 57 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08002 DI 10.1029/2004GC000712 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 849MT UT WOS:000223543500003 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Gao, X Xiao, QN Sorooshian, S AF Xu, JJ Gao, X Xiao, QN Sorooshian, S TI Investigate the impacts of assimilating satellite rainfall estimates on rainstorm forecast over southwest United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; MODEL AB Using the MM5-4DVAR system, a monsoon rainstorm case over southern Arizona ( 5 - 6 August 2002) was investigated for the influence of assimilating satellite rainfall estimates on precipitation forecasts. A set of numerical experiments was conducted with multiple configurations including using 20-km or 30-km grid distances and none or 3-h or 6-h assimilation time windows. Results show that satellite rainfall assimilation can improve the rainstorm-forecasting pattern and amount to some extent. The minimization procedure of 4DVAR is sensitive to model spatial resolution and the assimilation time window. The 3-h assimilation window with hourly rainfall data works well for the 6-h forecast, and for 12-h or longer forecasts, a 6-h assimilation window will be requested. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), UCAR, NOAA & AFWA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov; gaox@uci.edu; hsiao@ucar.edu RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16104 DI 10.1029/2004GL020120 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849MY UT WOS:000223544100003 ER PT J AU DeGrandpre, MD Wanninkhof, R McGillis, WR Strutton, PG AF DeGrandpre, MD Wanninkhof, R McGillis, WR Strutton, PG TI A Lagrangian study of surface pCO(2) dynamics in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea surface CO2; biogeochemical dynamics; diurnal cycling ID IRON FERTILIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES; PCO2 MEASUREMENTS; EL-NINO; SEA; CO2; SYSTEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We characterized pCO(2) variability on hourly to weekly timescales during the 14-day GasEx-2001 Lagrangian drifter experiment in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Underway pCO(2) was recorded at 5 m depth as the ship closely followed a drogued drifter. Dissolved O-2 (DO) was measured at 10 and 15 m depths using in situ sensors deployed on the drogue. Diel pCO(2) and DO variability is evaluated using a simple model that accounts for air-sea exchange, vertical mixing, heating, and net community metabolism. Mixed-layer depths and local ( vertical) entrainment are estimated with the Price Weller Pinkel (PWP) mixed-layer model. The mean observed pCO(2) was 472.0 +/- 1.8 muatm with a diel increase of 2-6 muatm on most days, near coincident in time with the diel peak in temperature. The biogeochemical model reveals that heating was the primary source of diel pCO(2) variability, but net community production and depletion of CO2 in the shallow warm layer due to air-sea gas exchange reduced the heating-driven peak by similar to1-4 and 1-2 muatm each day, respectively. The same model parameterizations also accurately predict the diel DO amplitude. In the model, atmospheric exchange depletes total CO2 and DO in the surface layer, and the depleted water is mixed with the isolated underlying water during nocturnal convection. The 10- and 15- m DO time series corroborate these predicted dynamics. Over the 14-day study, net heating offset the expected similar to14 muatm decrease due to air-sea CO2 exchange and net community production, resulting in a nearly constant mean pCO(2). Consequently, net heating acts to sustain high air-sea CO2 fluxes in the upwelled equatorial Pacific water as the water advects westward in the South Equatorial Current. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP DeGrandpre, MD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM michael.degrandpre@umontana.edu; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; wrm2102@columbia.edu; strutton@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011 OI Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S07 DI 10.1029/2003JC002089 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 849OC UT WOS:000223547200001 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Foo, ML Lynn, JW Zandbergen, HW Lawes, G Wang, YY Toby, BH Ramirez, AP Ong, NP Cava, RJ AF Huang, Q Foo, ML Lynn, JW Zandbergen, HW Lawes, G Wang, YY Toby, BH Ramirez, AP Ong, NP Cava, RJ TI Low temperature phase transitions and crystal structure of Na0.5CoO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SODIUM; NAXCOO2; BRONZES AB Specific heat measurements on Na0.5CoO2 show that the transitions observed at 87 and 53 K in the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility are accompanied by changes in entropy, whereas the one near 20 K is not. Electron diffraction studies suggest that the 87 K transition has a structural component. The crystal structure of Na0.5CoO2, determined by powder neutron diffraction, consists of layers of edge-shared CoO6 octahedra in a triangular lattice, with Na ions occupying ordered positions in the interleaving planes. The Na ions form one-dimensional zigzag chains. Two types of Co ions are also found in chains. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lucent Technol Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07574 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Foo, Maw Lin/H-9273-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 14 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 32 BP 5803 EP 5814 AR PII S0953-8984(04)76025-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/32/016 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 852JC UT WOS:000223750600022 ER PT J AU Wu, T Mei, Y Cabral, JT Xu, C Beers, KL AF Wu, T Mei, Y Cabral, JT Xu, C Beers, KL TI A new synthetic method for controlled polymerization using a microfluidic system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ON-CHIP; FABRICATION C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.beers@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 16 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 32 BP 9880 EP 9881 DI 10.1021/ja048432n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845XS UT WOS:000223279300003 PM 15303836 ER PT J AU Simmons, HL Polyakov, IV AF Simmons, HL Polyakov, IV TI Restoring and flux adjustment in simulating variability of an idealized ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB Multi-century model runs are used to investigate the impact of restoring and flux adjustment on the variability of an idealized Atlantic Ocean forced by net atmospheric heat flux possessing decadal and multi-decadal variability. Restoring suppresses simulated modes of variability, causes phase shifts, and modifies nonlinear relations in the model. Flux adjustment has little effect on the water temperature variability, however it suppresses low-frequency variability of the meridional overturning circulation and causes a phase shift of multi-decadal mode of the meridional heat transport. An important effect of flux adjustment is that it may misrepresent physical mechanisms substituting, for example, dynamically-driven meridional heat transport by equivalent amount of heat supplied locally, though surface heat fluxes. We conclude that restoring provides improper framework for simulation of climate variability. Flux adjustment is less damaging, however, it modulates internal modes of variability in ways not fully understood. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Simmons, HL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM igor@iarc.uaf.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16301 DI 10.1029/2004GL020197 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849MW UT WOS:000223543900005 ER PT J AU Li, GF Josowicz, M Janata, J Semancik, S AF Li, GF Josowicz, M Janata, J Semancik, S TI Effect of thermal excitation on intermolecular charge transfer efficiency in conducting polyaniline SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WORK FUNCTION; CHEMICAL MODULATION; POLYMERS; SENSORS AB A conductometric gas-sensing platform with temperature control has been adopted to probe temperature-dependent phenomena in conducting polymers. This letter describes our recent observation of thermal effects on the intermolecular charge transfer efficiency of conducting polyaniline at both ends of the charge transfer-either as a donor or as an acceptor, upon exposure to gaseous analytes. When polyaniline is serving as a donor, the thermal excitation of electrons in polyaniline facilitates the charge transfer. However, if polyaniline assumes the role of an acceptor, the charge transfer becomes less efficient at higher temperatures. Furthermore, a simplified band structure model is employed to elucidate such discriminative behavior. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1189 DI 10.1063/1.1779948 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 845HU UT WOS:000223233800032 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Hara, T Phinney, KW Mayhew, MP AF Tewari, YB Hara, T Phinney, KW Mayhew, MP TI A thermodynamic study of the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of benzyl alcohol and butyl acetate in supercritical carbon dioxide media SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE benzyl alcohol; benzyl acetate; biocatalysis; 1-butanol; butyl acetate; equilibrium constant; lipase; rate of reaction; supercritical carbon dioxide; thermodynamics ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; 1-DODECANOIC ACID; ESTERIFICATION; BIOCATALYSIS; PSEUDOMONAS; (-)-MENTHOL; HYDROLYSIS; FLUIDS AB The equilibrium constant for the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction (benzyl alcohol + butyl acetate = benzyl acetate + 1-butanol), using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) as the solvent, has been measured as a function of temperature (T = 303.15 to 318.15 K) at the pressure p = 10.0 MPa. At T = 298.15 K, the equilibrium constant K = 0.238 +/- 0.020 and the standard molar Gibbs energy change Delta(t)G(m)degrees = 3.56 +/- 0.22 kJ mol(-1); the values for the standard molar enthalpy and standard molar entropy changes A,H. and Delta(t)S(m)degrees respectively, are zero within experimental error. The value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction in SCCO2 was compared with values determined by carrying out the reaction in organic solvents. A time course study of this reaction has also been carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide, n-hexane, toluene, and neat media (no solvent added) at the temperature T = 303.15 K. The time course data show that the reaction proceeds more rapidly in SCCO2 media than in the other three solvent systems and also that the reaction is at or near equilibrium within 3 h in the SCCO2 solvent system. However, the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction carried out in SCCO2 is approximate to30% smaller than the values of the equilibrium constants for the reactions carried out in hexane and toluene. Some advantages of the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent for enzyme-catalyzed reactions are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotechnol & Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. AIST, Natl Met Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. BioCatal Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotechnol & Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; toshihide.ihara@nist.gov; karen.phinney@nist.gov; mpmayhew@biocatalytics.com NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.04.005 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 843ZG UT WOS:000223126000005 ER PT J AU Friend, DG Mandelis, A AF Friend, DG Mandelis, A TI Proceedings of the Fifteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties - Preface SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Friend, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dfriend@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 222 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2004.06.035 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 852SQ UT WOS:000223777100001 ER PT J AU Sengers, JMHL AF Sengers, JMHL TI The discovery of type-IV binary fluid phase behavior SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE history; mixtures; liquid-liquid equilibria; Van der Waals equation of state; Van Laar; vapor-liquid equilibria ID VANDERWAALS-EQUATION; POINT AB The computer analysis by Scott and Van Konynenburg of the Van der Waals binary mixture for constant excluded volume uncovered the Type-IV phase diagram as a transition between Type-II and Type-III phase diagrams. The common boundary of the regions of Type-II and Type-III is a locus of tricritical points. The tricritical locus meets the common boundary of regions of Type-II and Type-IV at what Meijer coined the Van Laar point in 1989. The present paper shows, however, that as early as 1905 the Dutch chemist Van Laar produced Type-II and Type-III phase diagrams for the geometric-mean Van der Waals binary mixture, and found the exact coordinates of what we call the Van Laar point, but he did not notice tricriticality explicitly. He postulated and proved the existence of the Type-IV phase diagram. Aspects of his proof are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sengers, JMHL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.sengers@nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 222 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2004.06.007 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 852SQ UT WOS:000223777100043 ER PT J AU Hu, TJ Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Keane, D Weigand, S Quintana, J AF Hu, TJ Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Keane, D Weigand, S Quintana, J TI Small angle x-ray scattering metrology for sidewall angle and cross section of nanometer scale line gratings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CD-SEM; SCATTEROMETRY; LITHOGRAPHY AB High-volume fabrication of nanostructures requires nondestructive metrologies capable of measuring not only the pattern size but also the pattern shape profile. Measurement tool requirements will become more stringent as the feature size approaches 50 nm and tolerances of pattern shape will reach a few nanometers. A small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) based technique has been demonstrated to have the capability of characterizing the average pitch size and pattern width to subnanometer precision. In this study, we report a simple, modeling-free protocol to extract cross-section information such as the average sidewall angle and the pattern height of line grating patterns from the SAXS data. Diffraction peak intensities and reciprocal space positions are measured while the sample is rotated around the axis perpendicular to the grating direction. Linear extrapolations of peak positions in reciprocal space allow a precise determination of both the sidewall angle and the pattern height. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wen-li.wu@nist.gov NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1983 EP 1987 DI 10.1063/1.1773376 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100032 ER PT J AU Dagata, JA Perez-Murano, F Martin, C Kuramochi, H Yokoyama, H AF Dagata, JA Perez-Murano, F Martin, C Kuramochi, H Yokoyama, H TI Current, charge, and capacitance during scanning probe oxidation of silicon. I. Maximum charge density and lateral diffusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANO-OXIDATION; SPACE-CHARGE; ANODIC-OXIDATION; SURFACES; NONCONTACT; KINETICS; OXIDE; VOLTAGE; GROWTH AB A comprehensive analysis of the electrical current passing through the tip-substrate junction during oxidation of silicon by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is presented. This analysis of experimental results under dc-bias conditions resolves the role of electronic and ionic contributions, especially for the initial stages of the reaction, determines the effective contact area of the tip-substrate junction, and unifies the roles of space charge and meniscus formation. In Part I of this work, we demonstrate that SPM oxidation is governed by a maximum charge density generated by electronic species within the junction at the onset of the oxidation process. Excess charge is channeled into lateral diffusion, keeping the charge density within the reaction zone constant and reducing the aspect ratio of the resulting oxide features. A uniform charge density implies that SPM oxides contain a fixed defect concentration, in accordance with the space-charge model. The effective (electrical) thickness of SPM oxides determined by these defects is investigated by Fowler-Nordheim analysis. We conclude that most of the electrical current involved in high voltage SPM oxidation of Si does not actually induce surface oxide growth, and that lateral diffusion and small aspect ratios are unavoidable aspects of contact-mode conditions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, CNM, IMB, E-01893 Bellaterra, Spain. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Consortium Synthet Nanofunct Mat Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Dagata, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.dagata@nist.gov RI Martin-Olmos, Cristina/A-6489-2011; Perez-Murano, Francesc/A-6384-2013 OI Martin-Olmos, Cristina/0000-0003-0688-484X; Perez-Murano, Francesc/0000-0002-4647-8558 NR 37 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2386 EP 2392 DI 10.1063/1.1771820 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100093 ER PT J AU Dagata, JA Perez-Murano, F Martin, C Kuramochi, H Yokoyama, H AF Dagata, JA Perez-Murano, F Martin, C Kuramochi, H Yokoyama, H TI Current, charge, and capacitance during scanning probe oxidation of silicon. II. Electrostatic and meniscus forces acting on cantilever bending SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANO-OXIDATION; TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SPACE-CHARGE; NONCONTACT; SURFACES; KINETICS; TIP; TENSION; BRIDGES; VOLTAGE AB A comprehensive analysis of the electrical current passing through the tip-substrate junction during oxidation of silicon by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is presented. This analysis identifies the electronic and ionic contributions to the total current, especially at the initial stages of the reaction, determines the effective contact area of the tip-substrate junction, and unifies the roles of space charge and meniscus formation. In this work, we concentrate on noncontact SPM oxidation. We analyze simultaneous force-distance and current-distance curves to demonstrate that total current flow during noncontact oxidation is significantly less for noncontact mode than for contact oxidation, although the resulting oxide volume is nearly identical. Ionization of water layers and mobile charge reorganization prior to and following meniscus formation is also shown to alter the tip-substrate capacitance and, therefore, the bending of the SPM cantilever. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, CNM, IMB, E-01893 Bellaterra, Spain. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Consortium Synthet Nanofunct Mat Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. SII Nano Technol Inc, Oyama, Shizuoka 4101393, Japan. AIST, NRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Dagata, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.dagata@nist.gov RI Martin-Olmos, Cristina/A-6489-2011; Perez-Murano, Francesc/A-6384-2013 OI Martin-Olmos, Cristina/0000-0003-0688-484X; Perez-Murano, Francesc/0000-0002-4647-8558 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2393 EP 2399 DI 10.1063/1.1771821 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100094 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Shen, MC Hsu, SM AF Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Shen, MC Hsu, SM TI Molecular orientation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene induced by various sliding motions SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE orthopedic joint replacement; wear mechanisms; molecular orientation; NEXAFS; cross-shear motions ID WEAR MECHANISMS; SPECTRA; REPLACEMENTS; PROSTHESES; POLYMERS; DEBRIS; NEXAFS AB Wear and wear debris of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in joint replacements have been recognized as one of the major contributors to the failure of orthopedic implants. The detailed wear mechanism of polyethylene under biomechanic motions is not well understood. In simulation wear bench tests, it was found that unidirectional sliding produces the least amount of wear, reciprocating motion increases wear significantly, and cross-shear motion (similar to hip and knee joint motion in the human body) produces the highest amount of wear. Conventional wear theories are inadequate to explain this observation. This study utilizes resonant absorption of linearly polarized soft X-rays at a synchrotron radiation beam line to measure the molecular orientation of a UHMWPE surface layer subjected to different wear motions. Carbon-K-edge partial-electron-yield X-ray absorption measurements were done on the worn UHMWPE samples. X-ray absorption measurements show conclusively that the molecular chains of UHMWPE align preferentially parallel to the direction of sliding. Examination under various wear motions showed that unidirectional shear produced the maximum chain orientation, whereas cross-shear wear motions produced the least amount of orientation. When polymeric chains align, the surface layer tends to be more brittle and hard, thus resisting wear. When they do not align, loose chains may be subjected to both Mode I and Mode II fracture, hence increasing the wear rate. This molecular alignment observation may offer an explanation of why different wear motions have different wear characteristics. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sambasivan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sharadha@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 70B IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30043 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 841RS UT WOS:000222949700014 PM 15264310 ER PT J AU Xie, RH Bryant, GW Cheung, CF Smith, VH Zhao, JJ AF Xie, RH Bryant, GW Cheung, CF Smith, VH Zhao, JJ TI Optical excitation and absorption spectra of C50Cl10 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NANOCRYSTALS; CLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; ENERGY; C-60 AB C50Cl10 [S. Y. Xie , Science 304, 699 (2004)] has been synthesized in large quantities enabling the capture of the labile fullerene C-50. In this Communication, we report ab initio calculations on the optical excitation and absorption spectra of C50Cl10. We successfully explain and assign the measured UV-visible absorption spectrum of C50Cl10. The first singlet excitation for C50Cl10 is optically forbidden, and its optical absorption gap is redshifted by 0.6 eV (110 nm) relative to that of C-60. We demonstrate that passivating C-50 with 10 hydrogen atoms and replacing one Cl in C50Cl10 by one methoxy group lead to 100 nm blueshift and 90 nm redshift of the optical gap predicted for C50Cl10, respectively, suggesting C-50 derivatives are suitable for tunable optical applications. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rhxie@nist.gov RI Zhao, Jijun/I-6030-2015 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 7 BP 2849 EP 2851 DI 10.1063/1.1782451 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842HV UT WOS:000222995300001 PM 15291594 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS Tiesinga, E AF Julienne, PS Tiesinga, E TI Making cold molecules by time-dependent Feshbach resonances SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Challenges 2 CY SEP 03-07, 2003 CL Falenty, POLAND SP Ctr Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, European Sci Fdn Programme ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GAS; APPROXIMATION; COLLISIONS; CESIUM; ATOMS AB Pairs of trapped atoms can be associated to make a diatomic molecule using a time-dependent magnetic field to ramp the energy of a scattering resonance state from above to below the scattering threshold. A relatively simple model, parametrized in terms of the background scattering length and resonance width and magnetic moment, can be used to predict conversion probabilities from atoms to molecules. The model and its Landau-Zener interpretation are described and illustrated by specific calculations for Na-23, Rb-87 and Cs-133 resonances. The model can be readily adapted to Bose-Einstein condensates. Comparison with full many-body calculations for the condensate case shows that the model is very useful for making simple estimates of molecule conversion efficiencies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1787 EP 1806 DI 10.1080/09500340410001695382 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 831FX UT WOS:000222181400007 ER PT J AU Lett, PD AF Lett, PD TI Correlated photons for correlated atoms SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Challenges 2 CY SEP 03-07, 2003 CL Falenty, POLAND SP Ctr Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, European Sci Fdn Programme ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PODOLSKY-ROSEN PARADOX; SODIUM VAPOR; PHASE; LIGHT; AMPLIFICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; COHERENCE; MOLECULES; EMISSION AB An arrangement for producing correlated and entangled photons and atoms is proposed. A geometry known as a two-beam-excited conical emission for degenerate four-wave mixing in alkali vapours is used to create correlated photons near the resonance frequencies of Bose-condensable alkali atoms. These photons can then be allowed to interact with an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate and eject correlated and entangled atom beams. A description of the proposed source and some of the possible applications are given. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lett, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8424, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1817 EP 1827 DI 10.1080/09500340410001674385 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 831FX UT WOS:000222181400009 ER PT J AU Huang, C Chang, CP Shimizu, K Han, CC AF Huang, C Chang, CP Shimizu, K Han, CC TI Phase behavior and crystallization analysis in binary crystalline blends of syndiotactic polypropylene and ethylene - Propylene random copolymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blends; crystallization; spinodal decomposition; liquid-liquid phase separation ID INJECTION-MOLDED SAMPLES; IPP EPR BLENDS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMER BLENDS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DIENE TERPOLYMER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MELT RHEOLOGY AB The effects of liquid-liquid (L-L) phase separation on the crystallization behavior of binary syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) and ethylene-propylene random copolymer (PEP) mixtures are examined by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cloud point measurements. The PCM experiments reveal that blends of sPP and PEP exhibit a lower critical solution temperature behavior in the melt. The L-L phase diagram, constructed in terms of temperature (T) and composition by cloud point measurements, follows the prediction of the Flory-Huggins theory with the interaction parameter between sPP and PEP [chi(T) = 0.01153 - 4.5738/T (K)]. When the blends are melted within the two liquid-phase (alpha and beta) regions, because of the fact that each phase domain reaches the equilibrium concentration phi(PEP)(alpha) and phi(PEP)(beta) as well as the phase volume fraction nu(alpha) and nu(beta), the crystallinity of each component obeys the equation X-C,X-I = nu(alpha) X-C,I(alpha) + nu(beta) X-C,I(beta), I = PEP, sPP. Also, the equilibrium melting temperatures of both components remain constants, slightly lower than those of neat polymers. For the sPP/PEP blends crystallized from one homogeneous phase in the melt, we observe that the crystallizability of the major component is not greatly affected upon blending. However, the crystallization behavior of the minority component in the presence of the major component is strongly dependent on the crystallization temperature (T-c). When T-c is high, because the decreasing degree of the minority mobility is much greater than the increasing degree of the formed nuclei, the crystallizability of the minor component is depressed significantly. On the other hand, the promotion of the minority crystallizability in the intermediate regime of T-c is mainly because of the large increase of the heterogeneous nuclei upon blending with a major component. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Polymer Sci & Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Polymer Sci & Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM chingih@ntu.edu.tw NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 16 BP 2995 EP 3005 DI 10.1002/polb.20188 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 843IJ UT WOS:000223071700006 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, JR Frey, RA Ackerman, SA Menzel, WP AF Liu, YH Key, JR Frey, RA Ackerman, SA Menzel, WP TI Nighttime polar cloud detection with MODIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polar; cloud detection; MODIS ID AVHRR DATA; TEXTURAL FEATURES; COVER ANALYSIS; ARCTIC CLOUD; CLEAR-SKY; CLASSIFICATION; ISCCP; TEMPERATURE; RADIANCES; PRODUCTS AB Cloud detection is the first step in studying the role of polar clouds in the global climate system with satellite data. In this paper, the cloud detection algorithm for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) is evaluated with model simulations and satellite data collocated with radar/lidar observations at three Arctic and Antarctic stations. Results show that the current MODIS cloud mask algorithm performs well in polar regions during the day but does not detect more than 40% of the cloud cover over the validation sights at night. Two new cloud tests utilizing the 7.2 mum water vapor and 14.2 mum carbon dioxide bands, one new clear-sky test using the 7.2 mum band, and changes to the thresholds of several other tests are described. With the new cloud detection procedure, the misidentification of cloud as clear decreases from 44.2% to 16.3% at the two Arctic stations, and from 19.8% to 2.7% at the Antarctic station. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept AOS, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept AOS, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghuil@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 37 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 849VC UT WOS:000223568200005 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZX Klemas, V Zheng, QN Li, XF Yan, XH AF Zhao, ZX Klemas, V Zheng, QN Li, XF Yan, XH TI Estimating parameters of a two-layer stratified ocean from polarity conversion of internal solitary waves observed in satellite SAR images SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ocean stratification; internal solitary wave; polarity conversion ID MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; SOUTH-CHINA SEA; 2-FLUID SYSTEM; SOLITONS; SHELF; EVOLUTION; TRANSFORMATION; MODEL AB This paper presents a method for estimating parameters of a two-layer stratified ocean using satellite SAR images. According to weak nonlinearity shallow water theory, internal solitary waves (ISWs) in stratified oceans may be either depression or elevation waves, depending on the sign of the quadratic nonlinearity coefficient in the KdV equation. It has been confirmed that ISWs can convert their polarity when passing through a turning point, where the quadratic nonlinearity coefficient changes sign. For a two-layer stratified ocean, the turning point is located where the upper and lower layer depths are equal. The authors suggest that depression, elevation and broadening ISWs can be discerned according to their different signatures in SAR images. It is also found that a SAR image can record a continuous evolution process from depression to elevation ISWs in its spatial domain, under conditions of a spatially inhomogeneous ocean environment. Therefore, the upper and lower layer depths can be calculated by determining the polarity conversion of ISWs observed in satellite SAR images. Furthermore, the density difference between the upper and lower layers can also be estimated, when the wave speed is known. We extract ocean stratification parameters, including upper layer depth and density difference, from polarity conversion of ISWs observed in a RADARSAT-1 SAR image taken over the northeastern South China Sea. Comparing the estimated results with field measurements, we find that this method can estimate the upper layer depth with considerable success. In estimating the density difference between the upper and lower layers, it also gives a quite reasonable result. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM zzhao@udel.edu RI Zheng, Quanan/F-9025-2010; Zhao, Zhongxiang/A-1918-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 849VC UT WOS:000223568200012 ER PT J AU Edson, JB Zappa, CJ Ware, JA McGillis, WR Hare, JE AF Edson, JB Zappa, CJ Ware, JA McGillis, WR Hare, JE TI Scalar flux profile relationships over the open ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE air-sea fluxes; flux profile relationships; marine boundary layer ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SENSIBLE HEAT; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; FLOW DISTORTION; WATER-VAPOR; WAVES; MOMENTUM AB The most commonly used flux-profile relationships are based on Monin-Obukhov (MO) similarity theory. These flux-profile relationships are required in indirect methods such as the bulk aerodynamic, profile, and inertial dissipation methods to estimate the fluxes over the ocean. These relationships are almost exclusively derived from previous field experiments conducted over land. However, the use of overland measurements to infer surface fluxes over the ocean remains questionable, particularly close to the ocean surface where wave-induced forcing can affect the flow. This study investigates the flux profile relationships over the open ocean using measurements made during the 2000 Fluxes, Air-Sea Interaction, and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) and 2001 GasEx experiments. These experiments provide direct measurement of the atmospheric fluxes along with profiles of water vapor and temperature. The specific humidity data are used to determine parameterizations of the dimensionless gradients using functional forms of two commonly used relationships. The best fit to the Businger-Dyer relationship [Businger, 1988] is found using an empirical constant of a(q)=13.4+/-1.7. The best fit to a formulation that has the correct form in the limit of local free convection [e.g., Wyngaard, 1973] is found using a(q)=29.8+/-4.6. These values are in good agreement with the consensus values from previous overland experiments and the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.0 bulk algorithm [Fairall et al., 2003]; e g., the COARE algorithm uses empirical constants of 15 and 34.2 for the Businger-Dyer and convective forms, respectively. Although the flux measurements were made at a single elevation and local similarity scaling is applied, the good agreement implies that MO similarity is valid within the marine atmospheric surface layer above the wave boundary layer. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 98 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jedson@whoi.edu; zappa@ldeo.columbia.edu; jware@whoi.edu; mcgillis@ldeo.columbia.edu; jeff.hare@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S09 DI 10.1029/2003JC001960 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 846VB UT WOS:000223344600001 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Ezer, T Sturges, W AF Oey, LY Ezer, T Sturges, W TI Modeled and observed empirical orthogonal functions of currents in the Yucatan Channel, Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Yucatan Channel; EOFs; frontal meanders ID OCEAN MODEL; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; EDDIES; SHELF; FLOW AB Candela et al. [2003] have reported empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses based on 23-month current-meter and acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements in the Yucatan Channel. Those authors noted the difference between EOFs obtained from observations and their z-level models and EOFs calculated by Ezer et al. [2003] from the results of a terrain-following model. Here a new analysis is reported that explains this difference, and that also suggests the importance of shelf-edge meander mode of the core Loop Current in the channel. We show that the terrain-following model gives EOFs with characteristics similar to those observed when data from the upper slope and shelf in the western portion of the model channel are omitted. Modes 1 and 2 have tripole and dipole structures with energies (35%, 26%), respectively, of total energy, and correlate with "slow'' vacillation of the core-current for periods >50 days. Exclusion of upper-slope and shelf data eliminates a short-period and energetic component inherent in Ezer et al.'s original mode 1 EOF. This mode correlates with frontal meanders of the core current over the shelf edge in the western portion of the channel. The short-period mode may be missing or underestimated in observational and z-level models' analyses, since there were only a few moorings over the upper slope and shelf, and z-level models have step-like topography with generally lower resolution in shallower seas. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,Forestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu; ezer@splash.princeton.edu; sturges@ocean.fsu.edu NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08011 DI 10.1029/2004JC002345 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 846VB UT WOS:000223344600004 ER PT J AU Maus, S Kuvshinov, A AF Maus, S Kuvshinov, A TI Ocean tidal signals in observatory and satellite magnetic measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DAILY GEOMAGNETIC-VARIATIONS; FIELDS AB Ocean flow moves sea water through the Earth's magnetic field, inducing electric fields, currents and secondary magnetic fields. These motionally induced magnetic fields have a potential for the remote sensing of ocean flow variability. A first goal must be to gain a better understanding of magnetic field generation by tidal ocean flow. We predict the motionally induced magnetic fields for the six major tidal constituents and compare their amplitudes with the spectra of night time observatory and satellite magnetic measurements for the Indian Ocean. The magnetic variations at the solar S2, K1, and P1 periods turn out to be dominated by unrelated external fields. In contrast, observed lunar M2 and N2 tidal signals are in fair agreement with predictions from motional induction. The lunar diurnal O1 signal, visible at some observatories, could be caused by ocean flow but disagrees in amplitude with our predictions. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E-GC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15313 DI 10.1029/2004GL020090 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UN UT WOS:000223342500002 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Pearce, JV Azuah, RT Glyde, HR AF Diallo, SO Pearce, JV Azuah, RT Glyde, HR TI Quantum momentum distribution and kinetic energy in solid He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HCP HE-4; STATE; LIQUID; HELIUM AB We present measurements of neutron scattering from solid He-4 at high momentum transfer. The solid is held close to the melting line at molar volume 20.87 cm(3)/mol and temperature T=1.6 K. From the data, we determine the shape of the momentum distribution, n(k), of atoms in the solid and the leading final state contribution to the scattering. We show that n(k) in this highly anharmonic, quantum solid differs significantly from a Gaussian. The n(k) is more sharply peaked with larger occupation of low momentum states than in a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, as found in liquid He-4 and predicted qualitatively by path integral Monte Carlo calculations. The atomic kinetic energy is =(24.25+/-0.30) K. If n(k) is assumed to be Gaussian, as is usually the practice, a 10% smaller is obtained. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 075301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.075301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300030 PM 15324245 ER PT J AU Loftus, TH Ido, T Ludlow, AD Boyd, MM Ye, J AF Loftus, TH Ido, T Ludlow, AD Boyd, MM Ye, J TI Narrow line cooling: Finite photon recoil dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We present an extensive study of the unique thermal and mechanical dynamics for narrow-line cooling on the S-1(0)-3P(1) Sr-88 transition. For negative detuning, trap dynamics reveal a transition from the semiclassical regime to the photon-recoil-dominated quantum regime, yielding an absolute minima in the equilibrium temperature below the single-photon-recoil limit. For positive detuning, the cloud divides into discrete momentum packets whose alignment mimics lattice points on a face-centered-cubic crystal. This novel behavior arises from velocity selection and "positive feedback" acceleration due to a finite number of photon recoils. Cooling is also achieved with blue-detuned light around a velocity where gravity balances the radiative force. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Loftus, TH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 073003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.073003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300017 PM 15324232 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Uchinokura, K Chung, JH Park, S AF Masuda, T Zheludev, A Uchinokura, K Chung, JH Park, S TI Dynamics and scaling in a quantum spin chain material with bond randomness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; BACU2(SI1-XGEX)(2)O-7; DISORDER; SYSTEMS AB Single crystal inelastic neutron scattering is used to study dynamic spin correlations in the quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet BaCu2(Si0.5Ge0.5)(2)O-7, where the exchange constant fluctuates due to a random distribution of Si and Ge atoms. The measured low-energy spectrum is dominated by localized excitations and can be understood in the framework of the random singlet model. The observed scaling relations for the frequency dependencies of the correlation length and structure factor are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions for the renormalization group fixed point. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300058 PM 15324273 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Grenier, B Imai, S Uchinokura, K Ressouche, E Park, S AF Masuda, T Zheludev, A Grenier, B Imai, S Uchinokura, K Ressouche, E Park, S TI Cooperative ordering of gapped and gapless spin networks in Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEIERLS TRANSITION; FIELD; ANTIFERROMAGNET; QUANTUM; CUGEO3 AB The unusual magnetic properties of a novel low-dimensional quantum ferrimagnet Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 are studied using bulk methods, neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering. It is shown that this material can be described in terms of two low-dimensional quantum spin subsystems, one gapped and the other gapless, characterized by two distinct energy scales. Long-range magnetic ordering observed at low temperatures is a cooperative phenomenon caused by weak coupling of these two spin networks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM masudat@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300054 PM 15324269 ER PT J AU Simmonds, RW Lang, KM Hite, DA Nam, S Pappas, DP Martinis, JM AF Simmonds, RW Lang, KM Hite, DA Nam, S Pappas, DP Martinis, JM TI Decoherence in Josephson phase qubits from Junction resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM STATES; LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; DC SQUIDS; 1/F NOISE; OSCILLATIONS; CONTACTS AB Although Josephson junction qubits show great promise for quantum computing, the origin of dominant decoherence mechanisms remains unknown. Improving the operation of a Josephson junction based phase qubit has revealed microscopic two-level systems or resonators within the tunnel barrier that cause decoherence. We report spectroscopic data that show a level splitting characteristic of coupling between a two-state qubit and a two-level system. Furthermore, we show Rabi oscillations whose "coherence amplitude" is significantly degraded by the presence of these spurious microwave resonators. The discovery of these resonators impacts the future of Josephson qubits as well as existing Josephson technologies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martinis@physics.ucsb.edu NR 23 TC 282 Z9 285 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300052 PM 15324267 ER PT J AU Wiebe, CR Gardner, JS Kim, SJ Luke, GM Wills, AS Gaulin, BD Greedan, JE Swainson, I Qiu, Y Jones, CY AF Wiebe, CR Gardner, JS Kim, SJ Luke, GM Wills, AS Gaulin, BD Greedan, JE Swainson, I Qiu, Y Jones, CY TI Magnetic ordering in the spin-ice candidate Ho(2)Ru(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE; ENTROPY AB Neutron scattering measurements on the spin-ice candidate material Ho(2)Ru(2)O(7) have revealed two magnetic transitions at Tsimilar to95 and similar to1.4 K to long-range ordered states involving the Ru and Ho sublattices, respectively. Between these transitions, the Ho(3+) moments form short-ranged ordered spin clusters. The internal field provided by the ordered S=1 Ru(4+) moments disrupts the fragile spin-ice state and drives the Ho(3+) moments to order. We have directly measured a slight shift in the Ho(3+) crystal field levels at 95 K from the Ru ordering. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NRC, NPMR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wiebe, CR (reprint author), Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. EM cwiebe@brocku.ca RI Wills, Andrew/C-1622-2008; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 076403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.076403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300041 PM 15324256 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Feingold, G Frost, GJ Kreidenweis, SM AF Ervens, B Feingold, G Frost, GJ Kreidenweis, SM TI A modeling study of aqueous production of dicarboxylic acids: 1. Chemical pathways and speciated organic mass production SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE dicarboxylic acids; hygroscopicity; organic aerosols ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATLANTA SUPERSITE PROJECT; SINGLE AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENT ROSE PROGRAM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS AB While the formation pathways and thermodynamic properties of inorganic species (e.g., sulphate) in atmospheric aerosols are well understood, many more uncertainties exist about organics. In the present study we present oxidation pathways of organic gas phase species that lead to low volatility organic compounds (C-2-C-6 dicarboxylic acids, pyruvic acid) in both the aqueous and gas phases. This mechanism is implemented in a cloud parcel model initialized with pure (NH4)(2)SO4 particles in 10 discrete sizes. Under clean continental conditions a few cloud processing cycles produce a total organic mass addition of similar to150 ng m(-3). Individual resuspended aerosol size classes contain significant organic fractions, sometimes higher than 50%. These are likely upper bound estimates of organic mass production. In a polluted, i.e., SO2-rich scenario, about 400 ng m(-3) organic material is produced after about eight cloud cycles. Since the initial conditions in this latter case favor significant production of sulphate, the organic fraction of the aerosol mass after cloud processing represents a much lower percentage of the total aerosol mass. Oxalic, glutaric, adipic, and pyruvic acids are the main contributors to the organic fraction in both cases. In agreement with observations, the oxalate fraction in processed particles exceeds the fractions of other dicarboxylic acids since it represents an end product in the oxidation of several organic gas phase species. The study suggests that cloud processing may act as a significant source of small dicarboxylic acids, some fraction of which can be retained in the aerosol phase upon drop evaporation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 105 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15205 DI 10.1029/2003JD004387 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846UU UT WOS:000223343500001 ER PT J AU Percec, V Dulcey, AE Balagurusamy, VSK Miura, Y Smidrkal, J Peterca, M Nummelin, S Edlund, U Hudson, SD Heiney, PA Hu, DA Magonov, SN Vinogradov, SA AF Percec, V Dulcey, AE Balagurusamy, VSK Miura, Y Smidrkal, J Peterca, M Nummelin, S Edlund, U Hudson, SD Heiney, PA Hu, DA Magonov, SN Vinogradov, SA TI Self-assembly of amphiphilic dendritic dipeptides into helical pores SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL SUPRAMOLECULAR DENDRIMERS; CHANNEL; ARCHITECTURE; CONDUCTION; NANOTUBES; POLYMERS; SHAPE AB Natural pore-forming proteins act as viral helical coats(1) and transmembrane channels(2-4), exhibit antibacterial activity(5) and are used in synthetic systems, such as for reversible encapsulation(6) or stochastic sensing(7). These diverse functions are intimately linked to protein structure(1-4). The close link between protein structure and protein function makes the design of synthetic mimics a formidable challenge, given that structure formation needs to be carefully controlled on all hierarchy levels, in solution and in the bulk. In fact, with few exceptions(8,9), synthetic pore structures capable of assembling into periodically ordered assemblies that are stable in solution and in the solid state(10-13) have not yet been realized. In the case of dendrimers, covalent(14) and non- covalent(15) coating and assembly of a range of different structures(15-17) has only yielded closed columns(18). Here we describe a library of amphiphilic dendritic dipeptides that self-assemble in solution and in bulk through a complex recognition process into helical pores. We find that the molecular recognition and self-assembly process is sufficiently robust to tolerate a range of modifications to the amphiphile structure, while preliminary proton transport measurements establish that the pores are functional. We expect that this class of self-assembling dendrimers will allow the design of a variety of biologically inspired systems with functional properties arising from their porous structure. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Digital Instruments, Veeco Metrol Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93110 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Percec, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM percec@sas.upenn.edu RI Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; Percec, Virgil/H-6316-2014; Nummelin, Sami/O-5741-2015; OI Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489; Nummelin, Sami/0000-0003-2195-4818; Balagurusamy, Venkat/0000-0002-1994-2634; /0000-0002-1631-1781 NR 30 TC 429 Z9 433 U1 16 U2 170 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7001 BP 764 EP 768 DI 10.1038/nature02770 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845HS UT WOS:000223233600037 PM 15306805 ER PT J AU Ellrod, GP Schreiner, AJ AF Ellrod, GP Schreiner, AJ TI Volcanic ash detection and cloud top height estimates from the GOES-12 imager: Coping without a 12 Mm infrared band SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-12 Imager, which was activated 1 April 2003, has been re-configured with the addition of a 13.3 mum Infrared (IR) spectral band, in place of the "split window'' 12.0 mum band. Since the latter channel had been successfully used for volcanic ash detection from GOES for nearly ten years, there is some concern about the impact of this change on short term warnings and forecasts for aviation operations over North and South America. The first significant volcanic eruptions observed by the new GOES-12 satellite occurred during 12-15 July 2003 at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. GOES-12 was able to observe the eruption clouds adequately during this period using multi-spectral techniques. Based on comparisons with multi-spectral images from the GOES Sounder, GOES-12 ash detection capability for this event was equal in quality to what would have been available from prior GOES with a 12.0 mum band. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ellrod, GP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Room 601,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM gary.ellrod@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15110 DI 10.1029/2004GL020395 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UL UT WOS:000223342300007 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ TI The 30-70 day oscillations in the tropical Atlantic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; PACIFIC; WIND AB Evidence is presented for intraseasonal oscillations in the trade winds of the northern and southern tropical Atlantic. The pattern of intraseasonal oscillations in surface pressure and wind speed in the Northern Hemisphere resembles that of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Like the NAO, these oscillations have a strong seasonal cycle, with a maximum amplitude in boreal winter/spring. Winds in the southern tropical Atlantic are related to the Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the NAO, exhibiting a weaker seasonality with peak amplitudes in austral winter. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which originates over the Indian Ocean, also exerts an influence on tropical Atlantic surface winds, particularly between about 10degreesN and 10degreesS. Where intraseasonal wind speed oscillations in the Atlantic are strong, they force changes in sea surface temperature (SST) through latent heat loss from the ocean, potentially affecting lower frequency climate variations. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15205 DI 10.1029/2004GL020023 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UL UT WOS:000223342300001 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Prinyawiwatkul, W Negulescu, II Reppond, KD AF Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Prinyawiwatkul, W Negulescu, II Reppond, KD TI Properties of protein powders from arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and herring (Clupea harengus) byproducts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arrowtooth flounder; fish byproducts; fish protein powders; functional properties; herring; thermal analysis ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; SOLUBILITY; PEPTIDES; MUSCLE; CASEIN AB Functional, nutritional, and thermal properties of freeze-dried protein powders (FPP) from whole herring (WHIP), herring body (HBP), herring head (HHP), herring gonad (HGP), and arrowtooth flounder fillets (AFP) were evaluated. The FPP samples have desirable nutritional and functional properties and contained 63-81.4% protein. All FPP samples had desirable essential amino acid profiles and mineral contents. The emulsifying and fat adsorption capacities of all FIPP samples were higher than those of soy protein concentrate. The emulsifying stability of WHP was lower than that of egg albumin but greater than that of soy protein concentrate. Thermal stability of the FPP samples is in the following order: HGP > HBP > WHIP > HHP > AFP. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Seafood Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5040 EP 5046 DI 10.1021/jf0351422 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000018 PM 15291472 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Eatough, D Solomon, PA AF Brock, CA Eatough, D Solomon, PA TI Preface to special section on particulate matter: Atmospheric sciences, exposure, and the Fourth Colloquium on Particulate Matter and Human Health SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE American Association for Aerosol Research Particulate Matter Meeting C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D16 AR D16S01 DI 10.1029/2004JD005040 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846UW UT WOS:000223343800001 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Bill, BD AF Trainer, VL Bill, BD TI Characterization of a domoic acid binding site from Pacific razor clam SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; kainic acid; razor clam; glutamate receptor; kamate binding protein; receptor binding ID GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR SUBUNIT; RAT-BRAIN; KAINATE RECEPTORS; MEMBRANES; APLYSIA; MUSCLE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SOLUBILIZATION; QUISQUALATE; WILLARDIINE AB The Pacific razor clam, Siliqua patula, is known to retain domoic acid, a water-soluble glutamate receptor agonist produced by diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. The mechanism by which razor clams tolerate high levels of the toxin, domoic acid, in their tissues while still retaining normal nerve function is unknown. In our study, a domoic acid binding site was solubilized from razor clam siphon using a combination of Triton X-100 and digitonin. In a Scatchard analysis using [H-3]kainic acid, the partially-purified membrane showed two distinct receptor sites, a high affinity, low capacity site with a K-D (mean +/- S.E.) of 28 +/- 9.4 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 12 +/- 3.8 pmol/mg protein and a low affinity, high capacity site with a mM affinity for radiolabeled kainic acid, the latter site which was lost upon solubilization. Competition experiments showed that the rank order potency for competitive ligands in displacing [H-3]kainate binding from the membrane-bound receptors was quisqualate > ibotenate > iodowillardiine = AMPA = fluorowillardiine > domoate > kainate > L-glutamate. At high micromolar concentrations, NBQX, NMDA and ATPA showed little or no ability to displace [H-3]kainate. In contrast, Scatchard analysis using [H-3]glutamate showed linearity, indicating the presence of a single binding site with a K-D and B-max of 500 +/- 50 nM and 14 +/- 0.8 pmol/mg protein, respectively. These results suggest that razor clam siphon contains both a high and low affinity receptor site for kainic acid and may contain more than one subtype of glutamate receptor, thereby allowing the clam to function normally in a marine environment that often contains high concentrations of domoic acid. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxin Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxin Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.012 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 842RH UT WOS:000223021200002 PM 15261449 ER PT J AU VanderHart, DL Prabhu, VM Lin, EK AF VanderHart, DL Prabhu, VM Lin, EK TI Proton NMR determination of miscibility in a bulk model photoresist system: Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and the photoacid generator, di(tert-butylphenyl)iodonium perfluorooctanesulfonate SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; SPIN-DIFFUSION; POLYMER BLENDS; SOLIDS; RESIST; RESOLUTION AB The intimacy of component mixing in solvent-cast blends of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) and a photoacid generator (PAG), di(tert-butylphenyl)iodonium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were studied by solid-state proton NMR. These are simplified blends for chemically amplified photoresist formulations used in the micro-electronics industry. Multiple-pulse NMR techniques are used in both spin-diffusion and longitudinal relaxation experiments at ambient temperatures. It is deduced that PFOS is mixed with PHS on a molecular scale for the mass-ratio range investigated, namely, 91/9 to 55/45 PHS/PFOS; hence, the two components are thermodynamically miscible in this range. Control experiments involving a 91/9 physical mixture of PHS and PFOS as well as solvent-cast blends of polystyrene (PS) and PFOS serve to illustrate the contrast between data obtained for phase-separated blends and data for blends that display molecular level mixing. An attempt was also made to support the notion of intimate PFOS/PHS mixing by looking for evidence of H-1-F-19 dipolar broadening in multiple-pulse blend spectra. This attempt was not successful owing to rapid polarization exchange between F-19 nuclei. These results, extendable to next-generation resist formulations, should also prove useful for characterizing photoacid/resist dispersions for sub-100 nm critical dimension control. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP VanderHart, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.vanderhart@nist.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 16 BP 3074 EP 3084 DI 10.1021/cm030130h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 844MP UT WOS:000223162700014 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Vargo, GA Neely, MB Johns, E AF Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Vargo, GA Neely, MB Johns, E TI Linkages between coastal runoff and the Florida Keys ecosystem: A study of a dark plume event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORAL AB Using data collected by satellite sensors, rain and river gauges, and ship surveys, we studied the development and wind-driven transport of a dark water plume from near Charlotte Harbor, Florida, to the Dry Tortugas in the Florida Keys in mid-October 2003. MODIS and SeaWiFS imagery showed that the patch contained an extensive (similar to5,500 km(2)) phytoplankton bloom that formed originally near the central coast of Florida. The data linked the bloom to high nutrient coastal runoff caused by heavy rainfall in June and August. Total N and P required for the bloom, which may contain some Karenia brevis cells, was estimated to be 2.3 x 10(7) and 1.5 x 10(6) moles, respectively. The dark color became increasingly dominated by colored dissolved organic matter, toward the Dry Tortugas, where CDOM absorption coefficients (0.08-0.12 m(-1) at 400 nm) were 2-3 times higher than the surrounding shelf waters, while chlorophyll and inorganic nutrients decreased to negligible levels. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15307 DI 10.1029/2004GL020382 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UK UT WOS:000223342200006 ER PT J AU Narayanan, C Rao, VNR Kaihatu, JM AF Narayanan, C Rao, VNR Kaihatu, JM TI Model parameterization and experimental design issues in nearshore bathymetry inversion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE experimental design; model parameterization; bathymetric inversion ID DATA ASSIMILATION; DEPTH INVERSION; BEACH PROFILES; WAVES; IDENTIFIABILITY; SYSTEMS; IMAGERY AB We present a general method for approaching inverse problems for bathymetric determination under shoaling waves. We run the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) model for various bathymetric representations while collecting data in the form of free-surface imagery and time series. The sensitivity matrix provides information on the range of influence of data on the parameter space. By minimizing the parameter variances, three metrics based on the sensitivity matrix are derived that can be systematically used to make choices of experiment design and model parameterization. This analysis provides insights that are useful, irrespective of the minimization scheme chosen for inversion. We identify the characteristics of the data (time series versus snapshots, early time measurements versus long-duration measurements, nearshore measurements versus offshore measurements), and model (bathymetry parameterizations) for inversion to be possible. We show that Bruun/Dean and Exponential bathymetric parameterizations are preferred over polynomial parameterizations. The former can be used for inversion with both time series and snapshot data, while the latter is preferably used only with snapshot data. Also, guidelines for time separation between snapshots and spatial separation between time series measurements are derived. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Natl Weather Serv, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd Room 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM chandrasekher.narayanan@noaa.gov; rrao@mit.edu; kaihatu@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08006 DI 10.1029/2002JC001756 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 846UY UT WOS:000223344100001 ER PT J AU Campbell, WH AF Campbell, WH TI Failure of Dst index fields to represent a ring current SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetism; Dst; index; ring current; equator; ionosphere ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MANTLE AB Magnetic indices provide valuable information for space weather evaluations. The recent literature shows many scientists still believing that a Dst-derived current circles the Earth like a ring of Saturn. Some actually use a subtraction of Dst to remove the magnetospheric contributions to surface fields. I have measured the storm time fields at paired locations to examine the ring current requirements of surface fields forming the Dst index. Also, I verified the daytime enhancement of the disturbance field at the magnetic dip equator. Two geomagnetic storms were chosen for their size, isolation, seasonal difference, and global data availability. For these storm periods, records from all available stations, within the latitude range of Dst contributors, were collected to choose those pairs of similar longitude. A daytime, dip equator, ionospheric enhancement of the storm fields was verified. Next, the 1/cos (theta) factor, used for the Dst derivation, was applied to the paired data to determine if that ring current adjustment was worthwhile. Results indicate that the local station fields behave more like those from other current sources, such as the ionosphere, and that the cosine factor, representing a magnetospheric ring current effect, typically fails. The Dst appellation "equatorial ring current index'' is clearly a misnomer and should be avoided. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar Terr Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Campbell, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar Terr Phys Div, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wally.campbell@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 8 AR S08002 DI 10.1029/2003SW000041 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909GY UT WOS:000227849600001 ER PT J AU Barker, PE Wang, W Wagner, PD Pinsky, P AF Barker, PE Wang, W Wagner, PD Pinsky, P TI Inter-rater agreement on chromosome 5 breakage in FISH-based mutagen sensitivity assays (MSAs) SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE karyotype; mutagen sensitivity; cancer susceptibility; bleomycin; FISH; inter-observer validation ID LUNG-CANCER; DNA-REPAIR; BLEOMYCIN; LYMPHOCYTES; POPULATION; ABERRATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSTABILITY; EXPOSURE; MARKER AB In chromosome breakage assays, validated, universal criteria for selection of cells and classification of chromosome aberrations may enhance their utility for cancer susceptibility screening. To standardize a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) modification of the mutagen sensitivity assay (MSA), scoring criteria were evaluated by web-based validation. Two hundred digital FISH images were assigned random identification numbers. With this set of images, criteria for inclusion of cells and measurement of the frequency of abnormal cells were evaluated by eight observers, all of whom had five or more years of experience. Observers included doctoral and MS/BS level cytogeneticists, and were drawn from a randomized pool of 54 volunteers. Questions addressed were: (1) how uniformly were criteria applied to analysis of a standard digital FISH image set and (2) did concordance vary with educational level? These data suggest inter-rater agreement within a factor of 2 for average breakage frequency, but revealed greater variability in cell selection. These results aid in estimating the components of assay variance due to definitions, technical parameters and biological variables. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DNA Technol Grp, Div Biotechnol,NCI Biomarkers Validat Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Early Detect Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Barker, PE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DNA Technol Grp, Div Biotechnol,NCI Biomarkers Validat Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.barker@nist.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0103-01] NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 562 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.06.001 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 848BT UT WOS:000223442800012 PM 15279836 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, B Mannucci, A Iijima, B Abdu, MA Sobral, JHA Gonzalez, W Guarnieri, F Tsuda, T Saito, A Yumoto, K Fejer, B Fuller-Rowell, TJ Kozyra, J Foster, JC Coster, A Vasyliunas, VM AF Tsurutani, B Mannucci, A Iijima, B Abdu, MA Sobral, JHA Gonzalez, W Guarnieri, F Tsuda, T Saito, A Yumoto, K Fejer, B Fuller-Rowell, TJ Kozyra, J Foster, JC Coster, A Vasyliunas, VM TI Global dayside ionospheric uplift and enhancement associated with interplanetary electric fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar wind-ionosphere coupling; magnetosphere ionosphere coupling; magnetic storms; ionosphere ID DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; MAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; LOW LATITUDES; SUBSTORMS; SYSTEM; SECTOR; WIND; PRECIPITATION AB The interplanetary shock/electric field event of 5-6 November 2001 is analyzed using ACE interplanetary data. The consequential ionospheric effects are studied using GPS receiver data from the CHAMP and SAC-C satellites and altimeter data from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. Data from similar to100 ground-based GPS receivers as well as Brazilian Digisonde and Pacific sector magnetometer data are also used. The dawn-to-dusk interplanetary electric field was initially similar to33 mV/m just after the forward shock (IMF B(Z)=-48 nT) and later reached a peak value of similar to54 mV/m 1 hour and 40 min later (B(Z)=-78 nT). The electric field was similar to45 mV/m (B(Z)=-65 nT) 2 hours after the shock. This electric field generated a magnetic storm of intensity D(ST)=-275 nT. The dayside satellite GPS receiver data plus ground-based GPS data indicate that the entire equatorial and midlatitude (up to +/-50degrees magnetic latitude (MLAT)) dayside ionosphere was uplifted, significantly increasing the electron content (and densities) at altitudes greater than 430 km (CHAMP orbital altitude). This uplift peaked similar to2 1/2 hours after the shock passage. The effect of the uplift on the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) lasted for 4 to 5 hours. Our hypothesis is that the interplanetary electric field "promptly penetrated'' to the ionosphere, and the dayside plasma was convected (by E x B) to higher altitudes. Plasma upward transport/convergence led to a similar to55-60% increase in equatorial ionospheric TEC to values above similar to430 km (at 1930 LT). This transport/convergence plus photoionization of atmospheric neutrals at lower altitudes caused a 21% TEC increase in equatorial ionospheric TEC at similar to1400 LT (from ground-based measurements). During the intense electric field interval, there was a sharp plasma "shoulder'' detected at midlatitudes by the GPS receiver and altimeter satellites. This shoulder moves equatorward from -54degrees to -37degrees MLAT during the development of the main phase of the magnetic storm. We presume this to be an ionospheric signature of the plasmapause and its motion. The total TEC increase of this shoulder is similar to80%. Part of this increase may be due to a "superfountain effect.'' The dayside ionospheric TEC above similar to430 km decreased to values similar to45% lower than quiet day values 7 to 9 hours after the beginning of the electric field event. The total equatorial ionospheric TEC decrease was similar to16%. This decrease occurred both at midlatitudes and at the equator. We presume that thermospheric winds and neutral composition changes produced by the storm-time Joule heating, disturbance dynamo electric fields, and electric fields at auroral and subauroral latitudes are responsible for these decreases. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12245970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Tsurutani, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov; anthony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov; byron.iijima@jpl.nasa.gov; abdu@dae.inpe.br; sobral@dae.inpe.br; gonzalez@dge.inpe.br; guarnier@dge.inpe.br; tsuda@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp; saitoua@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp; yumoto@serc.kyushu-u.ac.jp; bfejer@cc.usu.edu; tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov; jcf@haystack.mit.edu; ajc@haystack.mit.edu; vasyliunas@linmpi.mpg.de RI Mannucci, Anthony/A-1349-2007; tsuda, toshitaka/A-3035-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490; NR 44 TC 203 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A8 AR A08302 DI 10.1029/2003JA010342 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 846TT UT WOS:000223340100001 ER PT J AU Yurganov, LN Blumenstock, T Grechko, EI Hase, F Hyer, EJ Kasischke, ES Koike, M Kondo, Y Kramer, I Leung, FY Mahieu, E Mellqvist, J Notholt, J Novelli, PC Rinsland, CP Scheel, HE Schulz, A Strandberg, A Sussmann, R Tanimoto, H Velazco, V Zander, R Zhao, Y AF Yurganov, LN Blumenstock, T Grechko, EI Hase, F Hyer, EJ Kasischke, ES Koike, M Kondo, Y Kramer, I Leung, FY Mahieu, E Mellqvist, J Notholt, J Novelli, PC Rinsland, CP Scheel, HE Schulz, A Strandberg, A Sussmann, R Tanimoto, H Velazco, V Zander, R Zhao, Y TI A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; forest fires; spectroscopy ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; FREE TROPOSPHERIC CO; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INFRARED MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; SIBERIA; C2H6; HCN AB Carbon monoxide abundances in the atmosphere have been measured between January 1996 and December 2001 in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) (30degrees-90degreesN) using two different approaches: total column amounts of CO retrieved from infrared solar spectra and CO mixing ratios measured in situ at ground-based stations. The data were averaged, and anomalies of the CO HNH burden ( deviations of the total tropospheric mass between 30degreesN and 90degreesN from the mean seasonal profile, determined as the 5 year average) were analyzed. The anomalies obtained from in situ and total column data agree well and both show two maxima, by far the largest in October 1998 and a lower one in August 1996. A noticeable decrease of the positive 1998 summer anomaly with increasing height was found. A box model was applied, and anomalies in source rates were obtained under the assumption of insignificant interannual sink variations. In August 1998 the HNH emission anomaly was estimated to be 38 Tg month(-1). The annual 1998 emission positive anomaly was 96 Tg yr(-1). Nearly all excess CO may be attributed to the emissions from boreal forest fires. According to available inventories, biomass burning emits around 52 Tg yr(-1) during the "normal'' years; therefore total biomass emissions in 1998 were as large as 148 Tg yr(-1). In August 1998, CO contribution from the biomass burning was twice as large as that from fossil fuel combustion. The results were compared to available emission inventories. C1 Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK ISF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X NR 46 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15305 DI 10.1029/2004JD004559 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846SL UT WOS:000223336400002 ER PT J AU Michalak, AM Kitanidis, PK AF Michalak, AM Kitanidis, PK TI Estimation of historical groundwater contaminant distribution using the adjoint state method applied to geostatistical inverse modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adjoint state method; Bayesian inference; geostatistics; groundwater contaminant distribution; stochastic inverse modeling ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; NUMERICAL SPECTRAL APPROACH; RELATIVE ENTROPY INVERSION; TRAVEL-TIME PROBABILITIES; RELEASE HISTORY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STEADY-STATE; PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION AB As the incidence of groundwater contamination continues to grow, a number of inverse modeling methods have been developed to address forensic groundwater problems. In this work the geostatistical approach to inverse modeling is extended to allow for the recovery of the antecedent distribution of a contaminant at a given point back in time, which is critical to the assessment of historical exposure to contamination. Such problems are typically strongly underdetermined, with a large number of points at which the distribution is to be estimated. To address this challenge, the computational efficiency of the new method is increased through the application of the adjoint state method. In addition, the adjoint problem is presented in a format that allows for the reuse of existing groundwater flow and transport codes as modules in the inverse modeling algorithm. As demonstrated in the presented applications, the geostatistical approach combined with the adjoint state method allow for a historical multidimensional contaminant distribution to be recovered even in heterogeneous media, where a numerical solution is required for the forward problem. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Michalak, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM anna.michalak@umich.edu NR 62 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 AR W08302 DI 10.1029/2004WR003214 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 846UC UT WOS:000223341000003 ER PT J AU Lin, JC Gerbig, C Wofsy, SC Andrews, AE Daube, BC Grainger, CA Stephens, BB Bakwin, PS Hollinger, DY AF Lin, JC Gerbig, C Wofsy, SC Andrews, AE Daube, BC Grainger, CA Stephens, BB Bakwin, PS Hollinger, DY TI Measuring fluxes of trace gases at regional scales by Lagrangian observations: Application to the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA) study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CO2 fluxes; Lagrangian experiments; receptor-oriented modeling ID BOUNDARY-LAYER BUDGETS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; C-13/C-12 RATIO; ETA-MODEL; EXCHANGE AB We present a general framework for designing and analyzing Lagrangian-type aircraft observations in order to measure surface fluxes of trace gases on regional scales. Lagrangian experiments minimize uncertainties due to advection by measuring tracer concentrations upstream and downstream of the study region, assuring that observed concentration changes represent fluxes within the region. The framework includes ( 1) a receptor-oriented model of atmospheric transport, including turbulent dispersion, ( 2) an upstream tracer boundary condition, ( 3) a surface flux model that predicts the distribution of tracer fluxes in time and space, and ( 4) a Bayesian inverse analysis that combines a priori information with observations to yield optimal estimates of tracer fluxes by the flux model. We use a receptor-oriented transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport ( STILT) model, to simulate ensembles of particles representing air parcels transported backward in time from an observation point (receptor), linking receptor concentrations with upstream locations and surface inputs. STILT provides the capability to forecast flight tracks for Lagrangian experiments in the presence of atmospheric shear and dispersion. STILT may be used to forecast flight tracks that sample the upstream tracer boundary condition, or to analyze the data and provide optimized parameters in the surface flux model. We present a case study of regional scale surface CO2 fluxes using data over the United States obtained in August 2000 in the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA-2000) study. STILT forecasts were obtained using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Eta model to plan the flight tracks. Results from the Bayesian inversion showed large reductions in a priori errors for estimates of daytime ecosystem uptake of CO2, but constraints on nighttime respiration fluxes were weaker, due to few observations of CO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer. Derived CO2 fluxes from the influence-following analysis differed notably from estimates using a conventional one-dimensional budget ("Boundary Layer Budget'') on a typical day, due to time-variable contributions from forests and croplands. A critical examination of uncertainties in the Lagrangian analyses revealed that the largest uncertainties were associated with errors in forecasting the upstream sampling locations and with aggregation of heterogeneous fluxes at the surface. Suggestions for improvements in future experiments are presented. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jcl@io.harvard.edu RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 NR 64 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15304 DI 10.1029/2004JD004754 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846SJ UT WOS:000223336200002 ER PT J AU Skubnevskaya, GI Dubtsov, SN Dultsev, EN Dultseva, GG Tsang, W AF Skubnevskaya, GI Dubtsov, SN Dultsev, EN Dultseva, GG Tsang, W TI New nanoparticle formation under UV impact on acetaldehyde vapor in nitrogen and air flow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL FORMATION; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; GROWTH AB This paper deals with the study of the kinetics of photolysis and photonucleation of acetaldehyde (AA) vapor in air and in nitrogen along with physical and chemical characteristics of the formed aerosol particles. Free radicals accompanying photonucleation were identified using the electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique. Numerical modeling of the photonucleation kinetics of AA, based on experimental results, was carried out. Rate of generation of primary products, leading to the nanoparticles, and the aerosol yield were evaluated. Chemical mechanism of stages leading to photonucleation in this system was proposed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dubtsov, SN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM dubtsov@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11393 EP 11398 DI 10.1021/jp049380r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400021 ER PT J AU Chari, K Seo, YS Satija, S AF Chari, K Seo, YS Satija, S TI Competitive adsorption at the air-water interface from a self-assembling polymer-surfactant mixture SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; NEUTRON REFLECTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE) AB The relationship between polymer-surfactant aggregation in bulk fluid and adsorption at the air-water interface is investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Luvitec VA 64 (a random copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate). The polymer exhibits strong interaction with SDS and significant surface activity. The free energy of micellization of SDS in a solution containing 0.1% w/v polymer is reduced by approximately 2.3 RT. The addition of Luvitec VA 64 to a solution of SDS above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) results in an increase in surface tension from 40 dyn/cm to 47 dyn/cm. Neutron reflectivity measurements show that the change in surface tension is accompanied by a substantial (greater than 40%) reduction in the volume fraction of SDS at the air-water interface and concomitant adsorption of polymer. The transformation is driven by the decrease in concentration of SDS from the CMC to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), consistent with the reduction in free energy of micellization. C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Res & Dev Labs, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chari, K (reprint author), Eastman Kodak Co, Res & Dev Labs, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. EM krishnan.chari@kodak.com NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11442 EP 11446 DI 10.1021/jp049062s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400028 ER PT J AU Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT AF Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT TI Surface reconstruction of FeAl(110) studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RIPPLED RELAXATION; NIAL(110) SURFACE; ALUMINIDES AB The surface geometric and electronic structure of the FeAl(110) intermetallic alloy has been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Preferential sputtering results in depletion of Al in the surface region and subsequent annealing promotes surface segregation of Al and gives rise to new reconstructed phases. A bulk terminated surface structure is obtained after annealing the surface to 400 degreesC. However, an incommensurate phase develops above 800 degreesC with a stoichiometry consistent with an FeAl2 structure in the topmost layer. The ARPES measurements confirm the Al segregation with increased density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level. The increased DOS is believed to be due to hybridization between the Fe d and Al sp states. The increased intensity of the Al 2p core level for the incommensurate phase also confirms the higher Al surface concentration for this phase. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kizilkaya, O (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM phils@lsu.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5395 EP 5406 AR PII S0953-8984(04)81652-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/002 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300008 ER PT J AU Turchi, PEA Waterstrat, RM Kuentzler, R Drchal, V Kudrnovsky, J AF Turchi, PEA Waterstrat, RM Kuentzler, R Drchal, V Kudrnovsky, J TI Electronic and phase stability properties of V-X (X = Pd, Rh, Ru) alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM-RUTHENIUM ALLOYS; CONSTITUTION DIAGRAM; DENSITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PALLADIUM; SYSTEMS AB In this work, we focus on the ordered structures of V-X systems, where X = Ru, Rh, Pd, and relate the variation in the difference of the numbers of valence electrons of the alloy constituents to the information contained in the constitution phase diagrams, and the electronic and stability properties. The electronic properties deduced from the low-temperature specific heat studies are presented for the V-Ru and V-Rh systems and compared with those of the V-Pd alloys for which new experimental results are also included. The theoretical analysis based on first-principles electronic structure calculations confirms the measured variation of the electronic specific heat coefficients with alloy composition, and predicts specific ordering trends in the V-X systems. The superconducting properties are described for the V-X disordered alloys, the ordered V1-xRhx and V1-xRux systems, and are related to their structural instability. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CNRS, IPCM, Inst Phys, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI KUDRNOVSKY, Josef/G-5581-2014; Drchal, Vaclav/G-6259-2014 OI KUDRNOVSKY, Josef/0000-0002-9968-6748; Drchal, Vaclav/0000-0002-6628-7417 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5615 EP 5630 AR PII S0953-8984(04)81212-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/021 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300027 ER PT J AU Bonasoni, P Cristofanelli, P Calzolari, F Bonafe, U Evangelisti, F Stohl, A Sajani, SZ van Dingenen, R Colombo, T Balkanski, Y AF Bonasoni, P Cristofanelli, P Calzolari, F Bonafe, U Evangelisti, F Stohl, A Sajani, SZ van Dingenen, R Colombo, T Balkanski, Y TI Aerosol-ozone correlations during dust transport episodes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; AIR-POLLUTANTS; TRAJECTORY STATISTICS; GLOBAL TROPOSPHERE; TOMS OBSERVATIONS; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; FORECAST MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MINERAL DUST; MT. CIMONE AB Its location in the Mediterranean region and its physical characteristics render Mt. Cimone (44degrees 11' N, 10degrees 42' E), the highest peak of the Italian northern Apennines (2165 m asl), particularly suitable to study the transport of air masses from the north African desert area to Europe. During these northward transports 12 dust events were registered in measurements of the aerosol concentration at the station during the period June - December 2000, allowing the study of the impact of mineral dust transports on free tropospheric ozone concentrations, which were also measured at Mt. Cimone. Three-dimensional backward trajectories were used to determine the air mass origin, while TOMS Aerosol Index data for the Mt. Cimone area were used to confirm the presence of absorbing aerosol over the measurement site. A trajectory statistical analysis allowed identifying the main source areas of ozone and aerosols. The analysis of these back trajectories showed that central Europe and north and central Italy are the major pollution source areas for ozone and fine aerosol, whereas the north African desert regions were the most important source areas for coarse aerosol and low ozone concentrations. During dust events, the Mt. Cimone mean volume concentration for coarse particles was 6.18 mum(3)/cm(3) compared to 0.63 mum(3)/cm(3) in dust-free conditions, while the ozone concentrations were 4% to 21% lower than the monthly mean background values. Our observations show that surface ozone concentrations were lower than the background values in air masses coming from north Africa, and when these air masses were also rich in coarse particles, the lowest ozone values were registered. Moreover, preliminary results on the possible impact of the dust events on PM10 and ozone values measured in Italian urban and rural areas showed that during the greater number of the considered dust events, significant PM10 increases and ozone decreases have occurred in the Po valley. C1 CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Agenzia Reg Prevenz & Ambiente Emilia Romagna, Struttura Temat Epidemiol Ambientale, Modena, Italy. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Ufficio Gen Meteorol, Prat Mare, Rome, Italy. Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bonasoni, P (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM p.bonasoni@isac.cnr.it RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bonasoni, Paolo/C-6338-2015; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Bonasoni, Paolo/0000-0002-8812-5291; Cristofanelli, Paolo/0000-0001-5666-9131 NR 63 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1201 EP 1215 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843GK UT WOS:000223066300002 ER PT J AU Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Soles, CL Bauer, BJ AF Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Soles, CL Bauer, BJ TI Characterization of pore structure in a nanoporous low-dielectric-constant thin film by neutron porosimetry and X-ray porosimetry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING AB A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) porosimetry technique is presented for characterization of pore structure in nanoporous thin films. The technique is applied to characterize a spin-on organosilicate low dielectric constant (low-k) material with a random pore structure. Porosimetry experiments are conducted using a "contrast match" solvent (a mixture of toluene-d(8) and toluene-h(8)) having the same neutron scattering length density as that of the nanoporous film matrix. The film is exposed to contrast match toluene vapor in a carrier gas (air), and pores fill with liquid by capillary condensation. The partial pressure of the solvent vapor is increased stepwise from 0 (pure air) to P-0 (saturated solvent vapor) and then decreased stepwise to 0 (pure air). As the solvent partial pressure increases, pores fill with liquid solvent progressively from smallest to largest. SANS measurements quantify the average size of the empty pores (those not filled with contrast match Solvent). Analogous porosimetry experiments using specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) quantify the volume fraction of solvent adsorbed at each step. Combining SXR and SANS data yields information about the pore size distribution and illustrates the size dependence of the filling process. For comparison, the pore size distribution is also calculated by application of the classical Kelvin equation to the SXR data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hedden, RC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hedden@matse.psu.edu RI Hedden, Ronald/M-3909-2014 OI Hedden, Ronald/0000-0003-3571-1403 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 16 BP 6658 EP 6667 DI 10.1021/la036334u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 843GN UT WOS:000223066700025 PM 15274570 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Sharpless, KE Sander, LC May, WE AF Wise, SA Sharpless, KE Sander, LC May, WE TI Standard Reference Materials to support US regulations for nutrients and contaminants in food and dietary supplements SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CCQM Workshop on Comparability and Traceability in Food Analysis at BIPM CY NOV 18-19, 2003 CL Paris Sevres, FRANCE SP CCQM DE certified reference materials; dietary supplements; food analysis; food-matrix reference materials; nutrients; Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) ID VALUE ASSIGNMENT; BAKING CHOCOLATE; CERTIFICATION; MATRIX AB To address the measurement and standard needs of the food and nutrition communities, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a suite of food-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) characterized for nutrient concentrations. These food-matrix SRMs include infant formula, baby food, and typical diet composites; meat homogenate, oyster, mussel, and fish tissues; baking chocolate; peanut butter; and spinach. Many of these materials were developed based on recommendations of the food industry to populate a nine-sectored triangle, developed by the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) International, in which foods are positioned based on their fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents. Value assignment of proximates, vitamins, and elements of nutritional interest in these food-matrix SRMs has been based primarily on the combination of results from measurements at NIST and from a group of collaborating laboratories involved in food measurements. Food-matrix SRMs are now available that are representative of all nine sectors of the AOAC International food-matrix triangle. Current activities are focused on the development of SRMs for dietary supplements including botanical and multivitamin/multielement materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 9 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00769-004-0820-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 845UV UT WOS:000223271700005 ER PT J AU Jaskolski, W Zielinski, M AF Jaskolski, W Zielinski, M TI Coupling and strain effects in vertically stacked double InAs/GaAs quantum dots: Tight-binding approach SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International School on Physics of Semiconducting Compounds CY 2004 CL Jaszowiec, POLAND ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STATES; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; ARRAYS; SOLIDS; WELLS AB The empirical tight-binding approach is used to study atomic-scale effects on electronic coupling in vertically stacked, self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. A model with unstrained dots is first studied to isolate the atomistic coupling effects from the strain effects. The strain effects are next considered by means of the valence force field method. Electron levels in coupled quantum dots follow closely the simple analogy of coupled dots as artificial molecules. The electron ground state of double dot has always bonding-like character. The coupling of hole states is more complicated because the coupling depends both of the hole envelope function and the atomic character of the hole state. It is shown that the character of the hole ground state of double dot changes from antibonding to bonding-like, when the distance between the dots decreases. It reorders hole levels, changes state symmetries, and makes changes in optical spectra. The calculated red-shift of the lowest transition for closely-spaced dots agrees well with experimental data. We present also some preliminary results on strain effects in such nanocrystals. C1 Inst Fizyki UMK, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jaskolski, W (reprint author), Inst Fizyki UMK, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM wj@phys.uni.torun.pl RI Zielinski, Michal/C-2587-2013; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014 OI Zielinski, Michal/0000-0002-7239-2504; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 193 EP 205 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 857ZL UT WOS:000224159600008 ER PT J AU Travis, JC Duewer, DL Salit, ML AF Travis, JC Duewer, DL Salit, ML TI Intrinsic standards for UV-VIS spectrophotometry SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; HOLMIUM OXIDE SOLUTION AB The results of a multicenter study into the use of holmium oxide solution as a wavelength reference material in near UV and VIS is reviewed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Travis, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.travis@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 16 BP 34 EP + PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 850XW UT WOS:000223648700006 ER PT J AU Jones, CY Peral, I AF Jones, CY Peral, I TI Dynamics of trimethylene oxide in a structure II clathrate hydrate SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONS AB Neutron scattering has been used to study the dynamics of trimethylene oxide (TMO) in a structure 11 clathrate hydrate. Two regimes of guest dynamics have been identified in the range 10 K to 100 K. Below 50 K, the hydrogen atoms on TMO execute jumps between nonequivalent sites with a jump distance of 2.1 Angstrom, consistent with a model of rotations of 90degrees about the C-2v molecular axis between sites with unequal occupancy probabilities, and corresponding to an energy difference between sites of similar to7 meV. Above 50 K, a second dynamical regime appears in which rotational motions of H occur about both the C-2v, axis and a second axis perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. An increase in the activation energy barrier to the motion that appears to accompany the onset of multi-axis motion could be a result of the additional high-energy rotations taking place within more restricted cross-sections of the cage. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, CY (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camille.jones@nist.gov RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1176 EP 1182 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100004 ER PT J AU Dickerson, BR Willson, MF Bentzen, P Quinn, TP AF Dickerson, BR Willson, MF Bentzen, P Quinn, TP TI Size-assortative mating in salmonids: negative evidence for pink salmon in natural conditions SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; MATE CHOICE; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL SELECTION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COMPETITION AB Driven by competition and mate choice, size-assortative mating has been seen in many organisms. The breeding system of salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus spp., has been extensively investigated and many examples of size-assortative mating have been found. However, assortative mating is not always observed and many reported examples involved cases with a large dichotomy in size classes or were conducted in artificial arenas where other factors influencing mate choice and competition were controlled. This study investigated size-assortative mating in a population of naturally reproducing pink salmon, O. gorbuscha. We made direct observations of courtship behaviour over 3 years on fish of known sizes. To determine the extent to which these observations corresponded to reproductive success, we assessed the parentage of the offspring produced by the fish in the first 2 years of the study using DNA fingerprinting. Size-assortative mating was not seen in the behavioural observations. Parentage results showed that our measure of dominance (proximity of males to ripe females) corresponded with successful matings, suggesting that the fish that we observed as dominant were in fact involved in more matings or more successful matings. We also saw no size-assortative mating in male and female pairs that produced adult offspring. We are not suggesting that the processes that can lead to size-assortative mating are not occurring, but that many other factors, such as female ripeness, male availability, predation threat and changing environmental conditions, may minimize the importance or mask the occurrence of size-assortative mating under natural conditions. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NMML, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dickerson, BR (reprint author), NOAA, NMML, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bobette.dickerson@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.07.014 PN 2 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 850LW UT WOS:000223614300019 ER PT J AU Currie, LA AF Currie, LA TI Detection and quantification limits: basic concepts, international harmonization, and outstanding ("low-level") issues SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Committee-for-Radionuclide-Metrology (ICRM) CY OCT 13-17, 2003 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Comm Radionuclide Metrol DE detection decisions; detection limits; quantification limits; international harmonization; blanks; variance function; reporting of low-level data ID NOMENCLATURE; CAPABILITIES; CALIBRATION AB A brief review is given of concepts, basic definitions, and terminology for metrological detection and quantification capabilities, representing harmonized recommendations and norms of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), respectively. Treatment of the (low-level) blank and variance function are discussed in some detail, together with special problems arising with detection decisions and the reporting of low-level data. Key references to the international documents follow, as well as specialized references addressing very low-level counting data, skewed environmental blank distributions, and multiple and multivariate detection decisions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Chem Sci Tech Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci Tech Lab, Stop 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lloyd.currie@nist.gov NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.036 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 831JW UT WOS:000222191700012 PM 15177336 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Ernest, DW Kagley, A AF Meador, JP Ernest, DW Kagley, A TI Bioaccumulation of arsenic in marine fish and invertebrates from Alaska and California SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE; SPECIATION; ORGANISMS; CHROMIUM; BEHAVIOR AB Past studies determined that concentrations of arsenic in the liver of flathead sole from Alaska were generally higher than those found in fish from other locations sampled along the west coast of the United States (Meador et al. 1994). A study was conducted to examine arsenic concentrations and patterns of bioaccumulation in fish and potential prey species from two geographic locations. Flathead sole were collected from four sites in the Gulf of Alaska and white croaker and English sole were collected from five sites in California. Potential prey species from each site were also examined and found to contain high concentrations of arsenic. In California, the sites with the lowest sediment concentrations of arsenic, total organic carbon, and acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) contained invertebrates with the highest tissue concentrations. Regression analysis determined that arsenic in polychaetes was highly correlated to sediment concentrations of arsenic normalized to AVS but was higher overall for the California samples. Even though invertebrates from several of the California sites exhibited much higher concentrations of arsenic than invertebrates from the Alaska sites, liver and muscle tissue from flathead sole collected in Alaska usually exhibited higher concentrations than fish from the California sites. When concentrations of arsenic in fish liver were plotted against concentrations of arsenic in sediment normalized to AVS levels, a very high correlation was obtained for all sites. This suggests that AVS, or some factor correlated with AVS, may have been responsible for controlling arsenic bioaccumulation in these fish species through dietary uptake and exposure to arsenic in water. Based on the available data, it appears that dietary uptake may be related to fish tissue concentrations, but uptake of aqueous arsenic may be responsible for the higher tissue concentrations in fish from Alaska. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Meador@noaa.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-3035-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 839RU UT WOS:000222803400012 PM 15386148 ER PT J AU Calm, JM Domanski, PA AF Calm, JM Domanski, PA TI R-22 replacement status SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 8 BP 29 EP + PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 845EK UT WOS:000223218800012 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Kerber, F Reader, J Rosa, MR AF Sansonetti, CJ Kerber, F Reader, J Rosa, MR TI Characterization of the far-ultraviolet spectrum of Pt/Cr-Ne hollow cathode lamps as used on the space telescope imaging spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE line : identification; methods : laboratory; space vehicles : instruments; standards; techniques : spectroscopic; ultraviolet : general ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ORBIT PERFORMANCE; NEUTRAL SULFUR; LINE SOURCE; REGION AB We report laboratory measurements to characterize the spectral output of platinum/chromium hollow cathode lamps containing neon carrier gas. The spectra were recorded photographically with the National Institute of Standards and Technology 10.7 m normal-incidence spectrograph. The lamps investigated are equivalent to the lamps used for wavelength calibration of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Wavelengths and intensities are given for more than 1200 lines in the wavelength range 1132 1827 Angstrom. The uncertainty of the measured wavelengths is estimated to be +/- 0.0020 Angstrom. During an aging test mimicking the operations on board STIS one Pt/Cr-Ne lamp has passed 1000 hr of operation and is still in excellent working condition. This suggests that such a lamp can be operated for significantly more than 10 years and that it will not be a limiting factor for the useful lifetime of STIS. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.sansonetti@nist.gov; fkerber@eso.org; joseph.reader@nist.gov; mrosa@eso.org NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 153 IS 2 BP 555 EP 579 DI 10.1086/421874 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840IC UT WOS:000222850300009 ER PT J AU Mei, Y Kumar, A Gao, W Gross, R Kennedy, SB Washburn, NR Amis, EJ Elliott, JT AF Mei, Y Kumar, A Gao, W Gross, R Kennedy, SB Washburn, NR Amis, EJ Elliott, JT TI Compatibility of sorbitol-containing polyesters. Part I: Synthesis, surface analysis and cell response in vitro SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE functional polymer; biocompatibility; fibroblast; population distribution ID ACID) AB A series of sorbitol-containing polyesters were synthesized via a one-pot lipase-catalyzed condensation polymerization. Thin films were prepared by spin coating on silicon wafers and surfaces were analyzed by tapping mode atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Surface morphologies and surface energies across the series of polyester films, including a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) control were nearly indistinguishable. Biocompatibility of the sorbitol-containing polyester series was evaluated against a PCL control by measuring cell spreading and proliferation of a mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line in vitro. Results confirmed that the sorbitol-containing polyester surfaces elicited cell behavior similar to the PCL control. These results establish the sorbitol-containing polyester series as a promising material for tissue engineering research and development. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Polytech Univ, Ctr Biocatal & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, NSF, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gross, R (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Ctr Biocatal & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, NSF, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 18 BP 4195 EP 4201 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.087 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 813ZQ UT WOS:000220945400027 PM 15046909 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Smith, DT Simon, CG AF Xu, HHK Smith, DT Simon, CG TI Strong and bioactive composites containing nano-silica-fused whiskers for bone repair SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE bioactive composite; nano-silica whisker fusion; calcium phosphate cement; strength; elastic modulus; bone repair ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENT; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; BIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FILLER; REINFORCEMENT; TISSUE; RESIN AB Self-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite with high osteoconductivity, but its brittleness and low strength limit its use to only non-stress bearing locations. Previous studies developed bioactive composites containing hydroxyapatite filters in Bis-GMA-based composites for bone repair applications, and they possessed higher strength values. However, these strength were still lower than the strength of cortical bone. The aim of this study was to develop strong and bioactive composites by combining CPC filters with nano-silica-fused whiskers in a resin matrix, and to characterize the mechanical properties and cell response. Silica particles were fused to silicon carbide whiskers to roughen the whisker surfaces for enhanced retention in the matrix. Mass ratios of whiskers: CPC of 1:2 and 2:1 were incorporated into a Bis-GMA-based resin and hardened by two-part chemical curing. Composite with only CPC fillers without whiskers served as a control. The specimens were tested using three-point flexure and nano-indentations. Composite with whisker:CPC ratios 2:1 and 1:1 had flexural strengths (mean+/-SD; n=9) of (164+/-14) MPa and (139+/-22) MPa, respectively, nearly 3 times higher than (54+/-5) MPa of the control containing only CPC fillers (p<0.05). The strength of the new whisker-CPC composites was 3 times higher than the strength achieved in previous studies for conventional bioactive composites containing hydroxyapatite particles in Bis-GMA-based resins. The mechanical properties of the CPC-whisker composites nearly matched those of cortical bone, and trabecular bone. Osteoblast-like cell adhesion, proliferation and viability were equivalent on the non-whisker control containing only CPC fillers, on the whisker composite at whisker CPC of 1:1 and on the tissue culture polystyrene control, suggesting that the new CPC-whisker composite was non-cytotoxic. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE14190, R29 DE12476] NR 47 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 19 BP 4615 EP 4626 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.058 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 817XY UT WOS:000221211400012 PM 15120507 ER PT J AU Jiang, YL Cao, CY Stivers, JT Song, FH Ichikawa, Y AF Jiang, YL Cao, CY Stivers, JT Song, FH Ichikawa, Y TI The merits of bipartite transition-state mimics for inhibition of uracil DNA glycosylase SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE uracil DNA glycosylase; 1-azadeoxyribose; transition-state mimics; enzyme inhibition ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BINDING-ENERGY; ATOMIC MOTION; CATALYSIS; REPAIR; ANALOG; NMR; REPLICATION; MECHANISM AB The glycosidic bond hydrolysis reaction of the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) occurs by a two-step mechanism involving complete bond breakage to the uracil anion leaving group in the first step, formation of a discrete glycosyl cation-uracil anion intermediate, followed by water attack in a second transition-state leading to the enzyme-bound products of uracil and abasic DNA. We have synthesized and determined the binding affinities of unimolecular mimics of the substrate and first transition-state (TS1) in which the uracil base is covalently attached to the sugar, and in addition, bimolecular mimics of the second addition transition state (TS2) in which the base and sugar ate detached. We find that the bipartite mimics of TS2 are superior to the TS1 mimics. These results indicate that bipartite TS2 inhibitors could be useful for inhibition of glycosylases that proceed by stepwise reaction mechanisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Optimer Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Stivers, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jstivers@jhmi.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM056834, GM46935] NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 244 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2004.03.001 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 835WC UT WOS:000222515200005 PM 15210339 ER PT J AU Vallone, PM Butler, JM AF Vallone, PM Butler, JM TI AutoDimer: a screening tool for primer-dimer and hairpin structures SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR THERMODYNAMICS; DOT-T MISMATCHES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DNA DUPLEX STABILITY; SIMULTANEOUS AMPLIFICATION; DESIGN; SEQUENCE; MULTIPLEX; PCR; PARAMETERS AB The ability to select short DNA oligonucleotide sequences capable of binding solely to their intended target is of great importance in developing nucleic acid based detection technologies. Applications such as multiplex PCR rely on primers binding to unique regions in a genome. Competing side reactions with other primer pairs or template DNA decrease PCR efficiency. Freely available primer design software such as Primer3 screens for potential hairpin and primer-dimer interactions while selecting a single primer pair. The development of multiplex PCR assays (in the range of 5 to 20 loci) requires the screening of all primer pairs for potential cross-reactivity. However a logistical problem results due to the number of total number of comparisons required. Comparing the primer set for a 10-plex assay (20 total primer sequences) results in 210 primer-primer combinations that must be screened. The ability to screen sets of candidate oligomers rapidly for potential cross-reactivity re duces overall assay development time. Here we report the application of a,familiar sliding algorithm for comparing two strands of DNA in an overlapping fashion. The algorithm has been employed in a software package wherein the user can compare multiple sequences in a single computational run. After the screening is completed, a score is assigned to potential duplex interactions exceeding a user-defined threshold. Additional criteria of predicted melting temperature (T-m) and free energy of melting (DeltaG) are included for further ranking. Sodium counterion and total stand concentrations can be adjusted for the T-m and DeltaG calculations. The predicted interactions are saved in a textfile for further evaluation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vallone, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.vallone@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 40 TC 227 Z9 232 U1 3 U2 19 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 845YB UT WOS:000223280200012 PM 15335214 ER PT J AU Katsaros, KB Soloviev, AV AF Katsaros, KB Soloviev, AV TI Vanishing horizontal sea surface temperature gradients at low wind speeds SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; diurnal warming; horizontal temperature gradients; remote sensing; sea surface temperature ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; THERMAL STRUCTURE; COOL SKIN; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; DIFFERENCE; TURBULENCE; SATELLITE AB Sea surface temperature (SST) is a result of multiple interactions in air-sea processes. During days with strong insolation and low wind speed, there may be uneven net heating of the water layer near the surface of the ocean, when there are horizontal temperature gradients at the sea surface. Cooling of the water caused by evaporation, sensible, or longwave radiative, heat loss would be greater from warm water compared to that from relatively cold water. As a result, under low wind speed conditions and clear skies, the horizontal SST discontinuities, occurring at fronts, eddies, or in storm wakes, may diminish or even vanish. This phenomenon is illustrated here with some field and modelling results. The dependence on latitude and mean environmental conditions of the difference in warming on the cold and warm side of SST discontinuities is explored. The time dependence is important for the impact on remote sensing of SST, and it is found to be short enough that substantial masking of SST gradients can occur during the first six hours of the diurnal heating cycle, but the effect would continue to grow if calm and solar heating persist for several subsequent days. An integrated effect of this uneven net heating is seen in the seasonal masking of subsurface temperature gradients in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Katsaros, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2 BP 381 EP 396 DI 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000027905.90989.b2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 827VN UT WOS:000221931600009 ER PT J AU Christl, TJ Pennington, P DeLorenzo, M Karnaky, KJ Scott, GI AF Christl, TJ Pennington, P DeLorenzo, M Karnaky, KJ Scott, GI TI Effect of multiple atrazine exposure profiles on hemocyte DNA integrity in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS COMET ASSAY; DAMAGE; GENOTOXICITY; HERBICIDES; CELLS C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Christl, TJ (reprint author), 7520 Standish Pl,Suite 229, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 73 IS 2 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0443-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856ED UT WOS:000224027600028 PM 15386059 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Rosati, A Harrison, DE AF Vecchi, GA Rosati, A Harrison, DE TI Setting the timing of El Nino termination SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT News Item C1 NOAA, GFDL, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1066 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100013 ER PT J AU Angevine, W Zagar, M Tjernstrom, M Senff, C White, A AF Angevine, W Zagar, M Tjernstrom, M Senff, C White, A TI Transport of urban pollution in coastal New England SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Angevine, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1066 EP 1066 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100014 ER PT J AU Ebi, KL Teisberg, TJ Kalkstein, LS Robinson, L Weiher, RF AF Ebi, KL Teisberg, TJ Kalkstein, LS Robinson, L Weiher, RF TI Heat watch/warning systems save lives - Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995-98 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; CHICAGO; HEALTH; WAVE; IMPACT; LONDON; DEATHS AB The cost of running a heat wave warning system for Philadelphia were practically at the "noise" level compared to the economic benefits of saving 117 lives in three years. C1 Exponent, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Teisberg Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE USA. City Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. NOAA, Off Policy & Strateg Planning, Washington, DC USA. RP Ebi, KL (reprint author), Exponent, 1800 Diagonal Rd,Suite 355, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM kebi@exponent.com NR 24 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1067 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1067 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100015 ER PT J AU Davis, C Atkins, N Bartels, D Bosart, L Coniglio, M Bryan, G Cotton, W Dowell, D Jewett, B Johns, R Jorgensen, D Knievel, J Knupp, K Lee, WC McFarquhar, G Moore, J Przybylinski, R Rauber, R Smull, B Trapp, R Trier, S Wakimoto, R Weisman, M Ziegler, C AF Davis, C Atkins, N Bartels, D Bosart, L Coniglio, M Bryan, G Cotton, W Dowell, D Jewett, B Johns, R Jorgensen, D Knievel, J Knupp, K Lee, WC McFarquhar, G Moore, J Przybylinski, R Rauber, R Smull, B Trapp, R Trier, S Wakimoto, R Weisman, M Ziegler, C TI The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment - Observations and opportunities SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; WARM-CORE VORTEX; SQUALL LINES; PART I; VORTICES; EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION; MIDLATITUDE AB The field campaign, involving multiple aircraft and ground-based instruments, documented numerous long-lived mesoscale convective systems, many producing strong surface winds and exhibiting mesoscale rotation. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lyndon State Coll, Lyndon, VT USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. UCAR, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, St Louis, MO USA. NSSL, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdavis@ucar.edu RI Bryan, George/O-3849-2014; OI Bryan, George/0000-0002-2444-3039; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148 NR 61 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1093 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1075 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100016 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Miller, LJ Weisman, M Rutledge, SA Barker, LJ Bringi, VN Chandrasekar, V Detwiler, A Doesken, N Helsdon, J Knight, C Krehbiel, P Lyons, WA MacGorman, D Rasmussen, E Rison, W Rust, WD Thomas, RJ AF Lang, TJ Miller, LJ Weisman, M Rutledge, SA Barker, LJ Bringi, VN Chandrasekar, V Detwiler, A Doesken, N Helsdon, J Knight, C Krehbiel, P Lyons, WA MacGorman, D Rasmussen, E Rison, W Rust, WD Thomas, RJ TI The Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE; CONVECTIVE REGIONS; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; SEVERE STORM; CHARGE; SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION; OKLAHOMA; POLARITY AB Data from a field project on the Colorado-Kansas border in summer 2000 is helping to improve our understanding of positive cloud-to-ground lightning and low-precipitation storms. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Lincoln, IL USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. Colorado Climate Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tlang@atmos.colostate.edu OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X NR 67 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1125 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1107 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100018 ER PT J AU Grubisic, V Lewis, JM AF Grubisic, V Lewis, JM TI Sierra Wave Project revisited - 50 years later SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LEE WAVES; SIMULATIONS AB Though an important predecessor of modem field experiments, the findings of this 1950s investigation have remained largely out of scientific limelight. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Grubisic, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Vanda.Grubisic@dri.edu NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1127 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1127 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100019 ER PT J AU Assel, RA Quinn, FH Sellinger, CE AF Assel, RA Quinn, FH Sellinger, CE TI Hydroclimatic factors of the recent record drop in Laurentian Great Lakes water levels SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB High air temperatures resulted in unusually high evaporation rates and decreased basin runoff, producing the largest single-year drop in the levels of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie in over 150 year's of record. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Assel, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM ray.assel@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1143 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-8-1143 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848BW UT WOS:000223443100020 ER PT J AU Smith, SJ Rago, P AF Smith, SJ Rago, P TI Biological reference points for sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus): the benefits and costs of being nearly sessile SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Reference Points for Invertebrate Fisheries CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL Halifax, CANADA ID GEORGES BANK; GIANT SCALLOP; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY; HARVEST AB In this paper, we concentrate on spatial aspects of growth and reproduction for sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) to advance the general theory for development of reference points for sessile animals and to illustrate the general points with several specific examples. Nonlinear mixed effects models can be used to define the spatial distribution of growth rates and their implications for the definition of growth overfishing. We develop a basin model to illustrate that the typical "boom and bust" effects, often attributed to environmental factors, are explained equally well by spatial variations in habitat quality, spatial concentration of fisheries, and dispersal of larvae among areas. Results suggest that incentives to concentrate fishing effort in lower productivity areas may be an effective tool for reducing recruitment variation and improving yields. Reductions in fishing mortality might be possible with closed areas as they can be used to reduce the concentration of effort on high scallop densities. Further, rotational area management strategies can offer the promise of balancing demands for increased yield, prevention of recruitment overfishing, maintaining spawning reserves, and reducing habitat damage and bycatch. C1 Bedford Inst Oceanog, Invertebrate Fisheries Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Invertebrate Fisheries Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM smithsj@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1338 EP 1354 DI 10.1139/F04-134 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 869IO UT WOS:000224976800004 ER PT J AU Cadrin, SX Boutillier, JA Idoine, JS AF Cadrin, SX Boutillier, JA Idoine, JS TI A hierarchical approach to determining reference points for Pandalid shrimp SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Reference Points for Invertebrate Fisheries CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL Halifax, CANADA ID SURPLUS-PRODUCTION-MODEL; OCEAN SHRIMP; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SPAWNING STOCK; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; POPULATION; JORDANI AB Reference points for harvesting Pandalid shrimp are categorized into five general approaches: historical proxies, biomass dynamics models, dynamic pool models, stock-recruit models, and demographic production models. Each of these approaches has different data requirements and underlying assumptions. Estimation of biological reference points from these methods can be viewed as a hierarchy, using data-poor proxies in the lowest tier to applying more informative demographic production models in the highest. Based on a review of Pandalid life histories, precautionary-approach reference points, and methodologies for estimating reference points and their applications to Pandalid shrimp stocks, we advocate a progression from proxies to more informative models and the requisite advancement of research programs to develop reliable reference points for Pandalid shrimp stocks. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Cadrin, SX (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM steven.cadrin@noaa.gov NR 114 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1373 EP 1391 DI 10.1139/F04-133 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 869IO UT WOS:000224976800006 ER PT J AU Fogarty, MJ Gendron, L AF Fogarty, MJ Gendron, L TI Biological reference points for American lobster (Homarus americanus) populations: limits to exploitation and the precautionary approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Reference Points for Invertebrate Fisheries CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL Halifax, CANADA ID NO-TAKE RESERVES; BONAVISTA-BAY; ST-LAWRENCE; RECRUITMENT; FISHERY; GULF; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; NEWFOUNDLAND; STRATEGIES AB Large-scale changes in American lobster (Homarus americanus) landings and abundance have been documented in both Canada and the United States over the last several decades. The spatial coherence of these changes suggests the importance of common environmental and fishery-related factors operating over broad areas in the western North Atlantic. Changes in both biotic and abiotic factors have been hypothesized to underlie the recent increases in lobster production. Area expansion of lobsters to previously unoccupied or low-density areas appears to be an important element of the population increase. Here, we review biological reference points applied to American lobster populations in the United States and Canada. Egg production per recruit models have been used to specify limit reference points (F-10% in the United States) or target reference points (increasing egg production per recruit to twice its 1995 level in Canada). Surplus production and yield-per-recruit models have also been employed to provide qualitative management guidelines. We describe sources of uncertainty in the development of biological reference points for American lobster based on dynamic pool models in relation to the precautionary approach. Finally we consider auxiliary indicators and reference points with potential application to lobster stocks. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mfogarty@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 70 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1392 EP 1403 DI 10.1139/F04-140 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 869IO UT WOS:000224976800007 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Womble, JN Vollenweider, JJ AF Sigler, MF Womble, JN Vollenweider, JJ TI Availability to Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) of a seasonal prey resource: a prespawning aggregation of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FORAGE FISH; ALASKA; DIET; REPRODUCTION; PREDATORS; DECLINE AB The availability of seasonally abundant energy-rich prey can be a significant factor for the survival and reproductive success of predator populations. Large numbers of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were attracted to a prespawning aggregation of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) in Berners Bay in southeast Alaska during April-May in 2002 and 2003. Sea lion abundance increased as eulachon gathered in Berners Bay, peaked as eulachon abundance peaked, and decreased as the eulachon moved up-river. As sea lion abundance increased in Berners Bay, sea lion abundance decreased at Benjamin Island, a sea lion haulout located 22 km away. The eulachon provided an abundant, energy-rich, predictable prey source for the Steller sea lions: (i) eulachon energy density was 9.70 +/- 0.24 kJ.g(-1), much higher than that of any forage species reported in the North Pacific Ocean except northern lampfish (Stenobrachius leucopsarus); (ii) a large surplus of prey was available per sea lion while the eulachon aggregation was present; and (iii) the spawning run usually begins between late April and early May. The eulachon pulse may be critical to Steller sea lions during a period of high energetic demands. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1484 DI 10.1139/F04-086 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 869IO UT WOS:000224976800012 ER PT J AU Trzeciak, AR Nyaga, SG Jaruga, P Lohani, A Dizdaroglu, M Evans, MK AF Trzeciak, AR Nyaga, SG Jaruga, P Lohani, A Dizdaroglu, M Evans, MK TI Cellular repair of oxidatively induced DNA base lesions is defective in prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145 SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ENDONUCLEASE-III; EXCISION-REPAIR; MISMATCH REPAIR; IN-VITRO; GLYCOSYLASE ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; THYMINE GLYCOLS; AP-ENDONUCLEASE; FREE-RADICALS; DAMAGED DNA AB Mutagenic oxidative DNA base damage increases with age in prostatic tissue. Various factors may influence this increase including: increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, alterations in detoxifying enzyme levels or defects in DNA repair. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we show increased levels of oxidative DNA base lesions, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG), 8-hydroxyadenine (8-oxoA) and 5-hydroxycytosine (5OHC) over the baseline in PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells following exposure to ionizing radiation and a repair period. Nuclear extracts from PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines are defective in the incision of 8-oxoG, 5OHC and thymine glycol (TG) relative to the non-malignant prostate cell line. Consistent with reduced expression of OGG1 2a, incision of 8-oxoG is reduced in PC-3 and DU-145 mitochondrial extracts. We also show a correlation between severely defective incision of TG and 5OHC and reduced levels of NTH1 in PC-3 mitochondria. The antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and superoxide dismutases (SOD1, SOD2), have altered expression patterns in these cancer cell lines. Genetic analysis of the OGG1 gene reveals that both PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines harbor polymorphisms associated with a higher susceptibility to certain cancers. These data suggest that the malignant phenotype in PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines may be associated with defects in base excision repair and alterations in expression of antioxidant enzymes. C1 NIA, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Evans, MK (reprint author), NIA, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM me42v@nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 91 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1359 EP 1370 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgh144 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 844FJ UT WOS:000223142700006 PM 15044326 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Jensen, OM AF Bentz, DP Jensen, OM TI Mitigation strategies for autogenous shrinkage cracking SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE cracking; shrinkage; concrete ID CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PASTE; WATER; ADMIXTURES; DESICCATION; DEFORMATION; ABSORPTION; MEMBERS AB As the use of high-performance concrete has increased, problems with early-age cracking have become prominent. The reduction in water-to-cement ratio, the incorporation of silica fume, and the increase in binder content of high-performance concretes all contribute to this problem. In this paper, the fundamental parameters contributing to the autogenous shrinkage and resultant early-age cracking of concrete are presented. Basic characteristics of the cement paste that contribute to or control the autogenous shrinkage response include the surface tension of the pore solution, the geometry of the pore network, the visco-elastic response of the developing solid framework, and the kinetics of the cementitious reactions. While the complexity of this phenomenon may hinder a quantitative interpretation of a specific cement-based system, it also offers a wide variety of possible solutions to the problem of early-age cracking due to autogenous shrinkage. Mitigation strategies discussed in this paper include: the addition of shrinkage-reducing admixtures more commonly used to control drying shrinkage, control of the cement particle size distribution, modification of the mineralogical composition of the cement, the addition of saturated lightweight fine aggregates, the use of controlled permeability formwork, and the new concept of "water-entrained" concrete. As with any remedy, new problems may be created by the application of each of these strategies. But, with careful attention to detail in the field, it should be possible to minimize cracking due to autogenous shrinkage via some combination of the presented approaches. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Aalborg, Inst Bldg Technol & Struct Engn, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jensen, OM (reprint author), Univ Aalborg, Inst Bldg Technol & Struct Engn, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. EM omj@civil.auc.dk NR 72 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 6 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00045-3 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 845KV UT WOS:000223242400010 ER PT J AU Forster, PMD Collins, M AF Forster, PMD Collins, M TI Quantifying the water vapour feedback associated with post-Pinatubo global cooling SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CENTER COUPLED MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FLUX ADJUSTMENTS; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; VERSION AB There is an ongoing important debate about the role of water vapour in climate change. Predictions of future climate change depend strongly on the magnitude of the water vapour feedback and until now models have almost exclusively been relied upon to quantify this feedback. In this work we employ observations of water vapour changes, together with detailed radiative calculations to estimate the water vapour feedback for the case of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. We then compare our observed estimate with that calculated from a relatively large ensemble of simulations from a complex coupled climate model. We calculate an observed water vapour feedback parameter of -1.6 Wm(-2) K-1, with uncertainty placing the feedback parameter between -0.9 to -2.5 Wm(-2) K-1. The uncertain is principally from natural climate variations that contaminate the volcanic cooling. The observed estimates are consistent with that found in the climate model, with the ensemble average model feedback parameter being -2.0 Wm(-2) K-1, with a 5-95% range of -0.4 to -3.6 Wm(-2) K-1 (as in the case of the observations, the spread is due to an inability to separate the forced response from natural variability). However, in both the upper troposphere and Southern Hemisphere the observed model water vapour response differs markedly from the observations. The observed range represents a 40%-400% increase in the magnitude of surface temperature change when compared to a fixed water vapour response and is in good agreement with values found in other studies. Variability, both in the observed value and in the climate model's feedback parameter, between different ensemble members, suggests that the long-term water vapour feedback associated with global climate change could still be a factor of 2 or 3 different than the mean observed value found here and the model water vapour feedback could be quite different from this value; although a small water vapour feedback appears unlikely. We also discuss where in the atmosphere water vapour changes have their largest effect on surface climate. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Reading, Berks, England. RP Forster, PMD (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM p.m.forster@reading.ac.uk RI Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010 OI Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0431-z PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851WK UT WOS:000223717000008 ER PT J AU Miller-Morey, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Miller-Morey, JS Van Dolah, FM TI Differential responses of stress proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic efficiency to physiological stresses in the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant enzymes; chloroplast small heat shock protein; Fe superoxide dismutase; heat shock protein 60; Karenia brevis; mitochondrial small heat shock protein; Mn superoxide dismutase; stress proteins ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; IRON-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PERIDINIUM-GATUNENSE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; PLANTS; CHLOROPLASTS AB This study identifies stress proteins and antioxidant enzymes that may play a role in the survival strategies of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp 60), mitochondrial small heat shock protein (mitosHsp), chloroplastic small heat shock protein (chIsHsp), Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Fe SOD were first identified by Western blotting. The induction of these proteins in laboratory cultures in response to elevated temperatures, hydrogen peroxide, lead, or elevated light intensities was next assessed. In parallel, Fv/Fm, a measurement of photosynthetic efficiency and common proxy of cellular stress, was determined. Hsp 60, Fe SOD, and Mn SOD were induced following exposure to elevated temperatures, hydrogen peroxide, or lead. MitosHsp responded only to heat, whereas chlsHsp responded only to H2O2-induced stress. The expression of stress proteins and antioxidant enzymes appears to be a more sensitive indicator of heat or chemically induced stressesthan F-V/F-M. However, F-V/F-M decreased significantly in response to elevated light intensities that did not induce the expression of stress proteins. These results identify for the first time stress proteins and antioxidant enzymes in K. brevis, provide evidence for differential sensitivity of cellular orgarrelles to various sources of stress, and confirm the presence of conserved stress responses observed across phyla in a dinoflagellate. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Biol Lab, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Fran.Vandolah@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 4 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2004.08.009 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 874RF UT WOS:000225366800009 PM 15536057 ER PT J AU Levin, P Kochin, BE AF Levin, P Kochin, BE TI Publication of marine conservation papers: Is conservation biology too dry? SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLLAPSE; FISH C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1160 EP 1162 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00452.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400039 ER PT J AU Letcher, RJ McKinney, M Stapleton, HM Verreault, J Gabrielsen, G Scipione, F Chu, SG Valters, K AF Letcher, RJ McKinney, M Stapleton, HM Verreault, J Gabrielsen, G Scipione, F Chu, SG Valters, K TI Biotransformation and persistent metabolites of organohalogen contaminants in model marine and aquatic wildlife and populations SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 50 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200051 ER PT J AU Baker, JD AF Baker, JD TI Evaluation of closed capture-recapture methods to estimate abundance of Hawaiian monk seals SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; bias; capture heterogeneity; capture-recapture; Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; validation studies ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; PROBABILITIES VARY; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; ROBUST ESTIMATION; MODELS AB Numerous capture-recapture methods have been developed to estimate abundance, yet the performance of these models is only rarely judged by comparison with true abundance. This study presents a rare opportunity to assess capture-recapture estimates in a free-ranging population with known minimum abundance. Hawaiian monk seal abundance historically has been characterized using a trend index or has been estimated using simple enumeration. Here, I evaluate the applicability of various closed-population capture-recapture models to estimating Hawaiian monk seal abundance and its associated error. I analyzed 12 data sets (two years from each of six subpopulations) representing a wide variety of sampling and logistical scenarios, using models that explored the effects of animal size class (juvenile, subadult, or adult), tag status, and sighting location on initial capture and recapture probabilities. I also explored various models to account for capture heterogeneity among individuals. Size and sex effects always significantly improved model fits, and tag status and location effects were also frequently influential. In most cases, abundance estimated from capture-recapture models was substantially lower than known minimum abundance, suggesting the influence of individual capture heterogeneity. Attributes of individuals known to be alive, but not captured during systematic surveys, did not reveal patterns that explained sources of capture heterogeneity. In some cases, mixture models produced estimates that were less biased but were associated with very large confidence intervals. Among the model types examined, those available in Program CAPTURE performed best; although they are still prone to negative bias, these models nevertheless may prove useful in characterizing population trends in Hawaiian monk seals. This study demonstrates that selection of appropriate closed capture-recapture models can be substantially improved by independent validation. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu Lab, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu Lab, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 987 EP 998 DI 10.1890/03-5121 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600004 ER PT J AU Haas, HL Rose, KA Fry, B Minello, TJ Rozas, LP AF Haas, HL Rose, KA Fry, B Minello, TJ Rozas, LP TI Brown shrimp on the edge: Linking habitat to survival using an individual-based simulation model SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brown shrimp; Gulf of Mexico (USA) fisheries; habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; marsh-edge habitat; management; model; individual-based; simulation model; stable isotopes ID PENAEUS-AZTECUS IVES; SALT-MARSH; NEKTON USE; COASTAL LOUISIANA; PREDATION RATES; FISH PREDATION; TEXAS USA; GROWTH; SETIFERUS; PATTERNS AB In many coastal areas, natural habitats are being fragmented and lost to encroaching human development. These landscape changes can affect the production of recreationally and commercially important fisheries because many exploited species of fish and shellfish are estuarine dependent and utilize coastal marshes as nursery grounds. Brown shrimp are an example of a commercially exploited species that may be highly affected by changes in the spatial distribution of habitat types. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model to explore the role of marsh vegetation and edge habitat in brown shrimp survival. The model simulated shrimp movement, mortality, and growth of individual shrimp from arrival as postlarvae to 70-mm body length, when they emigrate offshore. Simulations were performed on 100 X 100 m spatial grid of 1-m(2) cells, with each cell labeled as "water" or "vegetation". Predation mortality was influenced by shrimp size, movement, and habitat. Simulated shrimp growth depended on temperature, habitat, and local shrimp density. We examined the relationships between shrimp survival and marsh attributes (amount of vegetation and edge habitat) by simulating a series of four habitat maps that we created from aerial photographs. Biological parameters were derived from published estimates and from field data. We corroborated the model by comparing the simulated shrimp abundance with summary statistics from long-term monitoring data, by comparing the simulated density with fine-scale patterns observed in field studies, and by comparing simulated and measured stable-isotope values. Surviving shrimp grew faster, moved less, spent more time in vegetation, and experienced slightly higher local densities than shrimp that died during the simulation. Habitat maps with more edge habitat invariably produced higher simulated shrimp survival rates. High-edge habitats increased survival by providing shrimp more direct access to vegetation without additional movement-related mortality and density-dependent growth costs associated with low-edge habitats. Model predictions were robust to higher numbers of initial postlarvae and to alterations to the movement rules. The results of this study suggest that the management of brown shrimp should be extended from protecting the spawning stock through catch regulations to also protecting the estuarine life stages through habitat conservation and restoration. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Ecol Branch, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Haas, HL (reprint author), NE Fishery Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hhaas@mbl.edu NR 51 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1232 EP 1247 DI 10.1890/03-5101 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600023 ER PT J AU Barot, S Heino, M O'Brien, L Dieckmann, U AF Barot, S Heino, M O'Brien, L Dieckmann, U TI Long-term trend in the maturation reaction norm of two cod stocks SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cod fisheries; fish stocks; management strategies; Gadus morhua; Georges Bank cod stock; Gulf of Maine cod stock; life-history evolution; logistic regression; maturation reaction norm; maturity ogive; phenotypic plasticity; sustainability of cod fisheries ID PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; ATLANTIC COD; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GADUS-MORHUA; SEA PLAICE; SEXUAL-MATURITY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; AGE AB Average age and size at maturation have decreased in many commercially exploited fish stocks during the last decades. This phenomenon could be either a direct phenotypic response to some environmental variation or the evolutionary consequence of some selective pressure. Traditionally used maturation indices, e.g., the age and size at which 50% of individuals are mature, are not appropriate to assess the causes of changes in maturation because they are influenced, in addition to maturation per se, by growth and survival. To make up for this shortcoming, we use a reaction-norm-based approach to disentangle evolutionary changes and phenotypic plasticity. A method is presented to estimate the reaction norm for age and size at maturation from data commonly gathered for the management of fisheries. This method is applied to data on Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The results show that maturation reaction norms in these stocks have shifted significantly downward, resulting in a tendency to mature earlier at smaller size. These findings support the hypothesis that an evolutionary trend, probably caused by high fishing mortalities, is partially responsible for the observed decrease in age and size at maturation in these cod stocks. Two independent reasons justify this interpretation. First, there is no corresponding trend in growth that would suggest that improved feeding conditions could have facilitated maturation. Second, the results are based on maturation reaction norms, from which the known confounding effects of the growth and mortality variation are removed. Consequences of fisheries-induced evolution for the sustainability of the fishery are discussed. C1 LEST, IRD, F-93143 Bondy, France. Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Adapt Dynam Network, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. RP Barot, S (reprint author), LEST, IRD, 32 Ave H Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France. EM sebastien.barot@bondy.ird.fr RI Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; barot, sebastien/A-8447-2012 OI Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; barot, sebastien/0000-0002-5910-538X NR 60 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1257 EP 1271 DI 10.1890/03-5066 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600025 ER PT J AU Holmes, EE AF Holmes, EE TI Beyond theory to application and evaluation: Diffusion approximations for population viability analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Dennis model; diffusion approximation; extinction; matrix models; population models; population viability analysis; process error; salmon; stochasticity ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; GROWTH; SALMON; ENVIRONMENTS; PROBABILITY; MEANINGFUL; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; ACCURACY AB Census data on endangered species are often plagued by problems that make quantitative population viability analysis (PVA) a challenge. This paper addresses four such problems: sampling error, density dependence, nonstable age structure, and population supplementation that masks the true population status. Estimating trends and extinction risks using such corrupted data presents serious parameter estimation difficulties. Here I review diffusion approximation (DA) methods for estimating population status and risks from time series data. A variety of parameterization methods are available for DA models; some correct for data corruption and others do not. I illustrate how stochastic Leslie matrix models can be used to evaluate the performance of a proposed DA model and to select among different DA parameterization methods for a given application. Presenting the uncertainty in estimated risks is critical, especially when the data are highly corrupted and estimated parameters are more uncertain. Using a Bayesian approach, I demonstrate how the level of data support for different risk levels can be calculated using DA parameter likelihood functions. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holmes, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM oeli.holmes@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1272 EP 1293 DI 10.1890/02-5088 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600026 ER PT J AU Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM AF Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM TI Oak forest carbon and water simulations: Model intercomparisons and evaluations against independent data SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE autotrophic respiration; carbon budget; computer models; evaporation; evapotranspiration; NEE; NPP; transpiration; water budget ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Models represent our primary method for integration of small-scale, process-level phenomena into a comprehensive description of forest-stand or ecosystem function. They also represent a key method for testing hypotheses about the response of forest ecosystems to multiple changing environmental conditions. This paper describes the evaluation of 13 stand-level models varying in their spatial, mechanistic, and temporal complexity for their ability to capture intra- and interannual components of the water and carbon cycle for an upland, oak-dominated forest of eastern Tennessee. Comparisons between model simulations and observations were conducted for hourly, daily, and annual time steps. Data for the comparisons were obtained from a wide range of methods including: eddy covariance, sapflow, chamber-based soil respiration, biometric estimates of stand-level net primary production and growth, and soil water content by time or frequency domain reflectometry. Response surfaces of carbon and water flux as a function of environmental drivers, and a variety of goodness-of-fit statistics (bias, absolute bias, and model efficiency) were used to judge model performance. A single model did not consistently perform the best at all time steps or for all variables considered. Intermodel comparisons showed good agreement for water cycle fluxes, but considerable disagreement among models for predicted carbon fluxes. The mean of all model outputs, however, was nearly always the best fit to the observations. Not surprisingly, models missing key forest components or processes, such as roots or modeled soil water content, were unable to provide accurate predictions of ecosystem responses to short-term drought phenomenon. Nevertheless, an inability to correctly capture short-term physiological processes under drought was not necessarily an indicator of poor annual water and carbon budget simulations. This is possible because droughts in the subject ecosystem were of short duration and therefore had a small cumulative impact. Models using hourly time steps and detailed mechanistic processes, and having a realistic spatial representation of the forest ecosystem provided the best predictions of observed data. Predictive ability of all models deteriorated under drought conditions, suggesting that further work is needed to evaluate and improve ecosystem model performance under unusual conditions, such as drought, that are a common focus of environmental change discussions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37840 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanson, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hansonjp@ornl.gov RI Hui, Dafeng/A-2476-2008; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 160 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 443 EP 489 DI 10.1890/03-4049 PG 47 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848GM UT WOS:000223455600004 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD AF Scheuerell, MD TI Quantifying aggregation and association in three-dimensional landscapes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation; association; hydroacoustics; Lake Washington; nearest neighbor; predator; prey; Ripley's K; spatial statistics ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; HABITAT USE; BERING-SEA AB Interactions among organisms depend on their spatial distributions. In particular, meaningful interpretations of the role of these interactions in structuring population, community, and ecosystem dynamics depend on the scale of analysis. Here, I develop two statistical methods for analyzing patterns in the aggregation and association of organisms inhabiting pelagic ecosystems that are inherently three dimensional. The first method only utilizes data on the nearest neighbors of individuals and works well for multiple comparisons over species or time, but it is not designed to test for departures from a Poisson random distribution toward uniformity. The second approach, however, takes advantage of the measured distances among all of the sampled individuals in the population and can test for departures toward uniformity. I also develop an edge correction to account for the biases associated with sampling by hydroacoustics, an effective means for measuring the three-dimensional positions of organisms in pelagic ecosystems. I used empirical data on the locations of predatory and prey fishes obtained with hydroacoustics in Lake Washington to illustrate how three-dimensional patterns of aggregation and association of predators and their prey can be assessed with these metrics. I found that prey fish were aggregated only during the day and at spatial scales of I m or less. Their potential predators, on the other hand, were aggregated at all spatial scales up to 5 m during the day, but only at scales <3 m at night. Predators and their prey were positively associated with one another at scales of 0.5-1 m during the day, but not at all during the night, reflecting the visual foraging nature of the predators and their high mobility relative to their prey. Furthermore, predators and prey were negatively associated during the night and at scales >2 m during the day, which may reflect predator avoidance. These results highlight how high-resolution, three-dimensional data on the spatial positions of aquatic organisms can improve understanding of the spatial scaling of interactions among organisms in pelagic ecosystems. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheurerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2332 EP 2340 DI 10.1890/03-0280 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853JT UT WOS:000223824300027 ER PT J AU Haraden, J Herrick, SF Squires, D Tisdell, CA AF Haraden, J Herrick, SF Squires, D Tisdell, CA TI Economic benefits of dolphins in the United States eastern tropical Pacific purse-seine tuna industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE mixed good; purse seine; quota shares; shadow price; tuna-dolphin ID SHADOW PRICE; IMPACTS; FISHERY; CO2 AB This paper provides a profit-maximizing model with vessel-level dolphin mortality limits for purse seiners harvesting tunas in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The model analytically derives the shadow price (estimated economic value) for dolphin mortality, the fishing-fleet size, and the annual tuna harvest as functions of a few key fishing parameters. The model also provides a statistical method to determine the accuracy of all needed parameter estimates. The paper then applies the model to the year 1996 and the period from 1985 to 1987. The shadow price measures the economic value to the US tuna fleet of dolphins lost in the harvesting of tuna. This value is essential when attempting to evaluate the economic benefits and costs to society of any action designed to reduce the mortality of dolphins in the harvesting of tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Econ, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Herrick, SF (reprint author), 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Sam.Herrick@noaa.gov RI Tisdell, Clem/A-5715-2008 OI Tisdell, Clem/0000-0003-4370-4692 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 451 EP 468 DI 10.1023/B:EARE.0000036773.77566.3d PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 850KE UT WOS:000223609100004 ER PT J AU Kukkonen, JVK Landrum, PF Mitra, S Gossiaux, DC Gunnarsson, J Weston, D AF Kukkonen, JVK Landrum, PF Mitra, S Gossiaux, DC Gunnarsson, J Weston, D TI The role of desorption for describing the bioavailability of select polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners for seven laboratory-spiked sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE desorption; sediment; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyls; bioavailability ID LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PCB CONGENERS; CONTACT TIME; DIPOREIA; WATER; EXTRACTION; KINETICS; TOXICOKINETICS; INVERTEBRATES AB Lumbriculus variegatus and Diporeia spp. were exposed to two contaminant pairs H-3-benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and C-14-2,4,5,2'4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP), and H-3-pyrene (PY) and C-14-3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) sorbed to each of seven field-collected sediments of varying composition. Toxicokinetic coefficients, bioaccumulation factors (BAF), and biota-sediment accumulation factors ([BSAF], BAF normalized to the organism lipid content and sediment organic carbon content) were determined. The contaminant desorption rates from sediments were measured with a Tenax resin extraction technique. The desorption rate constants for rapid, slow, and very slow contaminant compartments and the fractions of contaminant in each compartment were compared with the toxicokinetic coefficients, BAF and BSAF to describe contaminant behavior across sediments, among compounds, and between species. The best description of the bioavailability was the log BSAF regressed against the fraction rapidly desorbed (F-rapid) across all sediments and compounds for both species, r(2) = 0.67 and 0.66 for L. variegatus and Diporeia, respectively. Use of a calculated fraction desorbed in 6 h or 24 h, which has been suggested as a surrogate for F-rapid, did not produce as predictive a regression because of uneven desorption in a fixed duration for each compound among the sediments. Thus, F-rapid, provided a good surrogate for the bioavailability of the sediment-sorbed contaminant as represented by BSAF across seven sediments and four compounds with predictions within a factor of approximately two of the measured value. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 28 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1842 EP 1851 DI 10.1897/03-474 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 838VC UT WOS:000222740400005 PM 15352471 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP McKown, KA Conover, DO AF Hurst, TP McKown, KA Conover, DO TI Interannual and long-term variation in the nearshore fish community of the Mesohaline Hudson River Estuary SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; STREAM FISHES; NORTH-SEA; ABUNDANCE; STABILITY; MACROBENTHOS; RESTORATION; PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENTS; INVASION AB The detection of long-term shifts in species composition and spatial structuring of aquatic communities may be obscured by high levels of interannual variation. Estuarine fish communities are likely to exhibit high levels of variation owing to the influence of riverine forcing and the importance of anadromous; and transient species, whose abundances may not be locally controlled. We describe patterns of interannual variation and long-term shifts in the nearshore fish community of the mesohaline Hudson River estuary based on 21 yr of beach seine sampling conducted annually between late August and mid November. Of the 60 species encountered, the most abundant were Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia), striped bass (Morane saxatilis), white perch (Morone americana), American shad (Alosa sapidissima), and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis). Relationships between annual community composition and seasonal flow and temperature regimes were examined with canonical correspondence analysis. Annual variation was most closely correlated with river flows in the 3-mo period preceding fish sampling, indicating a persistent effect of environmental conditions on community structure. Despite significant interannual variation in composition, longer-term trends in community structure were observed. These included declines in catch rates of freshwater and estuarine species and a dramatic increase in the catch of Atlantic silversides, an annual marine species. Associated with these changes were declines in community diversity and increased compositional variation. These results indicate that analyses of temporal changes in community structure need to account for the multiple time scales under which forcing factors and community composition vary. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, E Setauket, NY 11733 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.1007/BF02907651 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 849HC UT WOS:000223528300008 ER PT J AU Moseman, SM Levin, LA Currin, C Forder, C AF Moseman, SM Levin, LA Currin, C Forder, C TI Colonization, succession, and nutrition of macrobenthic assemblages in a restored wetland at Tijuana Estuary, California SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infauna; salt marsh; succession; colonization; isotope ratio; California coast; Insecta; Polychaeta ID CRITICAL TRANSITION ZONES; MULTIPLE STABLE ISOTOPES; SALT-MARSH; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD WEBS; FLOW AB Modes of colonization, the successional trajectory, and trophic recovery of a macrofaunal community were analyzed over 19 months in the Friendship marsh, a 20-acre restored wetland in Tijuana Estuary, California. Traditional techniques for quantifying macrofaunal communities were combined with emerging stable isotopic approaches for evaluation of trophic recovery, making comparisons with a nearby natural Spartina foliosa habitat. Life history-based predictions successfully identified major colonization modes, although most taxa employed a variety of tactics for colonizing the restored marsh. The presence of S.foliosa did not seem to affect macrofaunal colonization or succession at the scale of this study. However, soil organic matter content in the restored marsh was positively correlated with insect densities, and high initial salinities may have limited the success of early colonists. Total macrofaunal densities recovered to natural marsh levels after 14 months and diversity, measured as species richness and the Shannon index (H'), was comparable to the natural marsh by 19 months. Some compositional disparities between the natural and created communities persisted after 19 months, including lower percentages of surface-feeding polychaetes (Polydora spp.) and higher percentages of dipteran insects and turbellarians in the Friendship marsh. As surficial structural similarity of infaunal communities between the Friendship and natural habitat was achieved, isotopic analyses revealed a simultaneous trajectory towards recovery of trophic structure. Enriched delta(13)C signatures of benthic microalgae and infauna, observed in the restored marsh shortly after establishment compared to natural Spartina habitat, recovered after 19 months. However, the depletion in delta(15)N signatures of macrofauna in the Friendship marsh indicated consumption of microalgae, particularly nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, while macroalgae and Spartina made a larger contribution to macrofaunal diets in the natural habitat. Future successional studies must continue to develop and employ novel combinations of techniques for evaluating structural and functional recovery of disturbed and created habitats. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Moseman, SM (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM smoseman@ucsd.edu NR 42 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60 IS 4 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.03.013 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 845JT UT WOS:000223239400019 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT AF Cessna, JT TI Determination of a Y-90 syringe calibration factor for a modified Capintec Beta-C radionuclide calibrator SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S389 EP S389 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419900923 ER PT J AU Brown, AM Seugling, RM AF Brown, AM Seugling, RM TI Using plate finite elements for modeling fillets in global response analysis SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fillets; thin-walled structures; dynamic analysis; structural analysis ID THICKNESS AB Fillets are one of the most common design features in structures. Proper finite element modeling of these fillets can frequently be problematic, though. Although the most appropriate element for modeling the structure in general may be the plate element, geometric and accurate stiffness representation of the fillets requires the use of a large number of numerically intensive solid elements. This problem is the motivation for the development of a method that uses "bridge" plate elements connecting the tangent points of the fillet to accurately represent its stiffness and mass. The methodology equates the rotational deflection at the tangent point, derived from the proposed bridge system, with an analytical solution for the fillet to generate a pseudo Young's modulus and thickness for use in the bridge plates. The method was tested on a typical filleted structure, with the bridge method yielding modal analysis results as accurate as a high-fidelity solid model when compared to modal test but with a 90% reduction in the number of degrees of freedom. Although the methodology has only been developed for perpendicular (90degrees) fillets, the approach shows promise for use in other fillet combinations as well. The application of this technique could prove extremely useful in design, dynamic and deflection analysis, stress analysis at locations away from the fillet, and optimization. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Struct Dynam & Loads Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Natl Inst Stand, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, AM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Struct Dynam & Loads Grp, ED21, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM andrew.m.brown@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 13-14 BP 1963 EP 1975 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2004.01.008 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 843SY UT WOS:000223108000015 ER PT J AU Dunkle, SE Craig, JR Lusardi, WR AF Dunkle, SE Craig, JR Lusardi, WR TI Romarchite and associated phases as common corrosion products on pewter artifacts from marine archaeological sites SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIN; HYDROROMARCHITE; ABHURITE; REVENGE AB Corrosion products were examined from typical pewter artifacts originating from six different submerged archaeological sites, dating to between ca. A.D. 1550 and 1733, along the eastern seaboard of North America and in the Caribbean Sea. The artifacts were viewed as 270-450-year long experiments revealing the phases and mechanisms of tin corrosion in seawater. All of the samples analyzed exhibit abhurite (Sn3O(OH)(2)Cl-2), romarchite (SnO), and hydroromarchite (Sn3O2(OH)(2)) forming at the expense of the underlying artifact. Textural analysis suggests that abhurite is the first alteration product to form at. the expense of the pewter; romarchite subsequently develops and then hydroromarchite. The outermost corrosion layers on several of the most corroded artifacts also exhibit cassiterite (SnO2) as a significant and apparently final phase to form during alteration. The absence of this mineral on many samples demonstrates that, while samples appeared to be stable under the conditions that were present, cassiterite had not yet had time to form. The very limited stability field for romarchite, based on data presented by Seby et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 3041-3053, 2001), suggests that its presence on these artifacts may be the result of a kinetic effect. The universal appearance of this mineral on corroding tin suggests that. it is a required step in the oxidation of pure tin to the final most stable phase of cassiterite. The stability of romarchite and its effectiveness as an agent of passivation can provide insight into not only the formation of tin oxides but, the rate of tin corrosion. This can have significant implications in the field of artifact preservation as well as more widespread industrial applications. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Inst Marine Sci, Queen Annes Revenge Project, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Craig, JR (reprint author), Inst Marine Sci, Queen Annes Revenge Project, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 531 EP 552 DI 10.1002/gea.20009 PG 22 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 839EU UT WOS:000222767000002 ER PT J AU Manabe, S Milly, PCD Wetherald, R AF Manabe, S Milly, PCD Wetherald, R TI Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE coupled model; global climate change; global warning; potential evaporation; precipitation; river discharge; soil moisture; water availability ID GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; MEAN RESPONSE; CO2; AVAILABILITY; HYDROLOGY AB By use of a coupled ocean-atmosphere-land model, this study explores the changes of water availability, as measured by river discharge and soil moisture, that could occur by the middle of the 21st century in response to combined increases of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols based upon the "IS92a" scenario. In addition, it presents the simulated change in water availability that might be realized in a few centuries in response to a quadrupling of CO2, concentration in the atmosphere. Averaging the results over extended periods, the radiatively forced changes, which are very similar between the two sets of experiments, were successfully extracted. The analysis indicates that the discharges from Arctic rivers such as the Mackenzie and Ob' increase by up to 20% (of the pre-Industrial Period level) by the middle of the 21st century and by up to 40% or more in a few centuries. In the tropics, the discharges from the Amazonas and Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers increase substantially. However, the percentage changes in runoff from other tropical and many mid-latitude rivers are smaller, with both positive and negative signs. For soil moisture, the results of this study indicate reductions during much of the year in many semiarid regions of the world, such as the southwestern region of North America, the northeastern region of China, the Mediterranean coast of Europe, and the grasslands of Australia and Africa. As a percentage, the reduction is particularly large during the dry season. From middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, soil moisture decreases in Summer but increases in winter. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. US Geol Survey, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Manabe, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM manabe@splash.princeton.edu; emilly@.usgs.gov; dick.wetherald@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 24 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 625 EP 642 DI 10.1623/hysj.49.4.625.54429 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 838TU UT WOS:000222737000006 ER PT J AU Banfield, D Conrath, BJ Gierasch, PJ Wilson, RJ Smith, MD AF Banfield, D Conrath, BJ Gierasch, PJ Wilson, RJ Smith, MD TI Traveling waves in the Martian atmosphere from MGS TES Nadir data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE atmospheres; dynamics; atmospheres; structure; Mars; atmosphere; meteorology ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MID-LATITUDE DISTURBANCES; NORTH POLAR HOOD; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; MARS; METEOROLOGY; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; EDDIES; VENUS AB We have characterized the annual behavior of martian atmospheric traveling waves in the MGS TES data set from the first two martian years of mapping. There is a high degree of repeatability between the two years. They are dominated by strong low zonal wavenumber waves with high amplitudes near the polar jets, strongest in late northern fall and early northern winter. The m = 1 waves have amplitudes up to about 20 K, are vertically extended, and occasionally extend even into the tropics. Periods for m = 1 range from 2.5 to 30 sols. Much weaker waves were identified in the south, with amplitudes less than about 3.5 K. Traveling waves with m = 2 and m = 3 are also seen, but their amplitudes are typically limited to less than 4 K, and are generally more confined near the surface. In the north, they are more evident in fall and spring rather than winter solstice, which is clearly dominated by m = I waves. Some evidence of storm tracks has been identified in the data, with accentuated weather-related temperature perturbations near longitudes 200degrees to 320degrees E for both the southern and northern hemispheres near latitude 650 at the surface. Some evidence was also found for a sharpening of longitudinal gradients into what may be frontal systems. EP flux divergences show the waves extracting energy from the zonal mean winds. When the m = 1 waves were strongest, decelerations of the zonal jet of order 30 m/(s sol) were measured. Above I scale height, the waves extract energy from the jet predominately through barotropic processes, but their character is overall mixed barotropic/baroclinic. Inertial instabilities may exist at altitude on the equatorward flanks of the polar jets, and marginal stability extends through to the tropics. This may explain the coordination of the tropical behavior of the waves with that centered along the polar jet, consistent with the ideas expressed in Wilson et al. (2002, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, #1684) and similar to those in Barnes et al. (1993, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 3125-3148). Throughout the year, there exist large regions with the meridional gradient of PV less than zero, but they are strongest near winter solstice. Poleward of the winter jet, the regions of instability reach the surface, equatorward they do not. These regions, satisfying a necessary criterion for instability, likely explain the genesis of the waves, and perhaps also their bimodal character between surface (faster waves) and altitude (slow m = 1 waves). (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM banfield@astro.cornell.edu RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; OI Banfield, Don/0000-0003-2664-0164 NR 34 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2004 VL 170 IS 2 BP 365 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.015 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840EH UT WOS:000222839400006 ER PT J AU Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Grosvenor, CA Canales, N Veneman, JG AF Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Grosvenor, CA Canales, N Veneman, JG TI Time-domain measurements of radiated and conducted UWB emissions SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This summarizes results obtained from time-domain full-bandwidth emissions measurements of selected ultrawideband (UWB) transmitting devices. Brief descriptions of two NIST-developed measurement systems are provided. High-fidelity time-domain waveforms are shown, along with associated amplitude spectra for several devices. Results are shown for both conducted and radiated emissions from UWB devices. C1 NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnk, RT (reprint author), NIST, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 846DL UT WOS:000223295200006 ER PT J AU Kwak, BJ Song, NO Miller, LE AF Kwak, BJ Song, NO Miller, LE TI On the scalability of ad hoc networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ad hoc networks; scalability; traffic analysis AB We investigate the inherent scalability problem of ad hoc networks originated from the nature of multihop networks. First, the expected packet traffic at the center of a network is analyzed. The result shows that the expected packet traffic at the center of a network is linearly related with the network size, that is, the expected packet traffic at the center of a network is O(k), where k is the radius of a network. From the result, the upper bound of the diameter of a network D = 2k, that guarantees the network is scalable, is obtained. The upper bound is given by C/r - 1, where C is the channel capacity available to each node and r is the packet arrival rate at each node. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Kwak, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM nsong@ieee.org NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 8 BP 503 EP 505 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2004.833846 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 848CN UT WOS:000223444900007 ER PT J AU Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S O'Loughlin, M Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Hefner, AR AF Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S O'Loughlin, M Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Hefner, AR TI 10-kV 123-m ohm.cm(2) 4h-sic Power DMOSFETS SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 4H-SiC; power MOSFET; high voltage; high-speed switching AB 10 kV, 123 mOmega(.)cm(2) Power DMOSFETs in 4H-SiC are demonstrated. A 42% reduction in R-on,R-sp, compared to a previously reported value, was achieved by using an 8 x 10(14) cm(-3) doped, 85-mum-thick drift epilayer. An effective channel mobility of 22 cm(2)/Vs was measured from a test MOSFET. A specific on-resistance of 123 mOmega(.)cm(2) were measured with a gate bias of 18 V, which corresponds to an E-ox of 3 MV/cm. A leakage current of 197 muA was measured at a drain bias of 10 kV from a 4H-SiC DMOSFET with an active area of 4.24 x 10(-3) cm(2). A switching time of 100 ns was measured in 4.6-kV, 1.3-A switching measurements. This shows that the 4H-SiC power DMOSFETS are ideal for high-voltage, high-speed switching applications. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 10 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 8 BP 556 EP 558 DI 10.1109/LED.2004.832122 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 841BU UT WOS:000222905100014 ER PT J AU Wittmann, RC Alpert, BK Francis, MH AF Wittmann, RC Alpert, BK Francis, MH TI Near-field, spherical-scanning antenna measurements with nonideal probe locations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE near-field measurements; probe-position correction; spherical scanning AB We introduce a near-field, spherical-scanning algorithm for antenna measurements that relaxes the usual condition requiring data points to be on a regular spherical grid. Computational complexity is of the same order as for the standard (ideal-positioning) spherical-scanning technique. The new procedure has been tested extensively. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wiumann@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2184 EP 2186 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.832316 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 846EV UT WOS:000223299000034 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Gasiewski, AJ Weber, BL AF Voronovich, AG Gasiewski, AJ Weber, BL TI A fast multistream scattering-based Jacobian for microwave radiance assimilation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE assimilation; jacobian; microwave; radiance ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIQUID-WATER; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; O-2 OBSERVATIONS; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; SSM/I; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY AB The full utilization of satellite-based passive microwave imagery for weather forecasting rests on the ability to assimilate radiances into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for highly scattering and absorbing hydrometeor states. State vector updates need to be performed rapidly enough to maintain pace with the sensor data stream and require, in particular, rapid calculation of the tangent linear relationship (Jacobian) between the observed antenna temperatures and the NWP prognostic hydrometeor parameters. To facilitate the use of both spaceborne and airborne passive microwave data in numerical forecasting, we present a new rapid multiple-stream discrete-ordinate algorithm for calculating the Jacobian under arbitrary scattering and absorbing conditions. The algorithm is based on the layer-adding method for a plane-parallel atmosphere for which the number of operations required to compute the solution is proportional to the number of layers. A nontrivial aspect of the problem is the stable calculation of the reflectance and transmittance operators in highly scattering layers for which a diagonalization technique and analytical factorization of specific matrices are used to ensure stability. Scaling calculations suggest that the new algorithm will be suitable for use in real-time all-weather microwave radiance assimilation. C1 Sci & Technol Corp, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Div Microwave Syst Dev, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), Sci & Technol Corp, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Div Microwave Syst Dev, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alexander.voronovich@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1749 EP 1761 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.830637 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 846DW UT WOS:000223296300016 ER PT J AU Zoughi, R AF Zoughi, R TI Guest editorial - IMTC2003 Special Issue SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zoughi, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.833190 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840EK UT WOS:000222839700001 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Anopchenko, A AF Obrzut, J Anopchenko, A TI Input impedance of a coaxial line terminated with a complex gap capacitance - Numerical and experimental analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE coaxial discontinuity; dielectric materials; full-wave analysis; high-frequency electromagnetic simulation; high-frequency measurements ID FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; FILMS AB A full-wave numerical analysis was performed for a coaxial line terminated with a complex gap capacitance using a finite-element high-frequency structure simulator. The scattering parameters, input impedance, and spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field have been obtained in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 19 GHz for specimens 8 to 320 mum thick, with a dielectric constant of up to 80. It was found that the residual inductance of the specimen affects the impedance characteristic of the network. The inductance-capacitance resonance is coupled with the cavity resonance. The specimen inductance is linearly dependent on the specimen thickness. At frequencies near the cavity resonance, the specimen section can be treated as a network of a transmission line with a capacitance, where the fundamental mode propagates along the diameter of the specimen. Results of the numerical analysis were verified experimentally using water as a model material with a high dielectric constant. Our closed-form formula for input impedance of the network is valid in a wider frequency range than the Jumped-element method. The results are useful in improving the accuracy of broadband dielectric measurements in the extended frequency range of thin films with high dielectric constant that are of interest to bio- and nanotechnology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Anopchenko, Oleksiy/D-9478-2011; OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1201 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.830777 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840EK UT WOS:000222839700046 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ AF Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ TI The IEEE standard on transitions, pulses, and related waveforms, Std-181-2003 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE aberrations; IEEE Standard; overshoot; pulse amplitude; pulses; transition duration; transitions; undershoot; waveforms AB The IEEE has written a new standard on pulse techniques and definitions to replace the withdrawn standards IEEE Std-181-1977 and Std-194-1977. The new Std-181-2003 combines information from both of these withdrawn standards. Relative to the withdrawn standards, the new standard has incorporated new definitions, deleted and clarified previous definitions, provided examples of different waveform types, updated text to reflect electronic computation methods, and incorporated algorithms for computing waveform parameters. This paper introduces Std-181-2003 by describing its contents and changes relative to the withdrawn standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1217 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.831470 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840EK UT WOS:000222839700048 ER PT J AU Riley, P Linker, JA Mikic, Z Odstrcil, D AF Riley, P Linker, JA Mikic, Z Odstrcil, D TI Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of interplanetary CMEs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE coronal mass ejections; heliosphere; in situ observations; magnetic clouds; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); solar corona; space weather ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; STRUCTURED SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; STREAMER; ULYSSES; RECONNECTION; SIMULATION; DISRUPTION; EVOLUTION AB Heliospheric models of coronal mass ejection (CME) propagation and evolution provide an important insight into the dynamics of CMEs and are a valuable tool for inter-planetary interplanetary in situ observations. Moreover, they represent a virtual laboratory for exploring conditions and regions of space that are not conveniently or currently accessible by spacecraft. We summarize our recent advances in modeling the properties and evolution of CMEs in the solar wind. We describe our current state of research with three examples: 1) interpreting the global context of in situ observations; 2) identifying new phenomena in the simulations; and 3) computing geoeffective phenomena. We conclude by discussing what topics will likely be important for models to address in the future. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Riley, P (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM Pete.Riley@saic.com; Jon.Linker@saic.com; Zoran.Mikic@saic.com; Dusan.Odstrcil@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1424 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.833397 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EV UT WOS:000224544600003 ER PT J AU Fry, CD Dryer, M Sun, W Delman, TR Smith, ZK Deehr, CS Wu, CC Akasofu, S Berdichevsky, DB AF Fry, CD Dryer, M Sun, W Delman, TR Smith, ZK Deehr, CS Wu, CC Akasofu, S Berdichevsky, DB TI Solar observation-based model for a multiday predictions of interplanetary shock and CME arrivals at earth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE plasmas; shock waves; space technology ID REAL-TIME; SKILL AB We present the design, implementation, present status, and preliminary use of an operational forecaster-friendly solar wind prediction system. We have tested this architecture in our real-time "fearless forecast" 'prediction study of interplanetary shock arrival time (SAT) at Earth. This study has progressed on a continuous basis since 1997, near the rise of Solar Cycle 23. Comparisons of predicted SAT with observed SAT provide a measure of model forecast skill. We present our kinematic model's forecast skill statistics as compared with several other SAT models and propose important reference metrics for evaluating this and any other interplanetary modeling system. Our prediction system is presently being extended, via a hybrid approach, to include a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. This procedure will accommodate proxy inputs for simulating interplanetary disturbances that are associated with various forms of solar activity (flares, disappearing filaments, coronal mass ejection imagery, shocks). The objective is to provide a capability in the near term to predict, shortly after the launch of large-scale structures at the Sun, the time-dependent interplanetary magnetic field vector (including the north-south component, Bz) at Earth. This is a key requirement for predicting geomagnetic storms. C1 Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasmas & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. L3 Govt Serv Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM gfry@expi.com; murray.dryer@noaa.gov; sun@jupiter.gi.alaska.edu; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu; zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; wuc@cspar.uah.edu; sakasofu@iarc.uaf.edu; berdi@berdi.gsfc.nasa.gov RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1497 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.833398 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EV UT WOS:000224544600012 ER PT J AU Smith, ZK Detman, TR Dryer, M Fry, CD Wu, CC Sun, W Deehr, CS AF Smith, ZK Detman, TR Dryer, M Fry, CD Wu, CC Sun, W Deehr, CS TI A verification method for space weather forecasting models using solar data to predict arrivals of interplanetary shocks at earth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE space technology; space weather; verification ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TIMES AB The ability to predict the arrival of interplanetary shocks near earth is of great interest in space Weather because of their relationship to sudden impulses and geomagnetic storms. A number of models have been developed for this purpose. For models to be used in forecasting, it is important to provide verification in the operational environment using standard statistical techniques because this enables the intercomparison of different models. A verification method is described here, comparing the prediction capabilities of four models that use solar observations for input. Three of the models are based on metric Type II radio burst observations, and one uses halo/partial-halo coronal mass ejections. A method of associating solar events with interplanetary shocks is described. The predictions are compared to associated shocks observed at L1 by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. The time period of this study is January 2002-May 2002. Although the data sample is small, the statistical intercomparison of the results of these models is presented as a demonstration of the verification method. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; thomas.detman@noaa.gov; murray.dryer@noaa.gov; gfry@expi.com; ccwu@lepccwu.gsfc.nasa.gov; sun@jupiter.gi.alaska.edu; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1505 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.832509 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EV UT WOS:000224544600013 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, W TI Energy transfer effects during the multichannel decomposition of ethanol SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; MASTER EQUATION; LOW-PRESSURES; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; RADICALS AB Rate constants and expressions for the initial processes in the decomposition of ethanol have been derived on the basis of existing experimental and estimated results. Energy transfer effects on the multichannel decomposition processes have been determined through the solution of the master equation and on the basis of exponential -down and step-ladder collisional transition models. The predominant (lower threshold) channel is unaffected by the presence of the upper channels and results for the two transition models can be brought into correspondence by using a somewhat higher value for the step-size down parameter in the stepladder model. For the upper channels and with an exponential -down model, the logarithms of the ratio of the rate constants between perturbed and unperturbed systems can be captured by a sigmoidal shaped curve. in the case of the step-ladder model, the logarithms of this ratio decreases monotonically. Initially, differences between the two models are small (after adjusting the step-size down parameter). The results are compared with the recent simulations of Marinov. The order of magnitude differences in rate constants have been traced to the inclusion in the present study of experimental results pertaining to decomposition and the reverse combination processes in addition to the proper treatment of energy transfer effects during multichannel decompositions. Some observations regarding the parameterization of this type of pressure dependent data for use in simulations are presented. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1002/kin.20015 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 838VF UT WOS:000222740700006 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Irrera, A Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Suo-Anttila, J Gritzo, LA AF Zhu, JY Irrera, A Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Suo-Anttila, J Gritzo, LA TI Measurement of light extinction constant of JP-8 soot in the visible and near-infrared spectrum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE soot; extinction constant; radiative properties; light extinction; two-wavelength pyrometry ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; VOLUME FRACTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TEMPERATURE AB The dimensionless extinction constant, K-e, was measured using the NIST large agglomerate optics facility (LAOF) for soot produced from JP-8 flames. Measurements were performed using light sources ranging from 632.8 to 1565 nm. These experiments represent the first measurement of dimensionless extinction constant for soot produced from JP-8 flames. The K-e values did not display significant spectral variations that were observed for pure fuels such as acetylene and ethene. The measured K-e values ranged from 9.75 to 9.95 in the wavelength range between 632.8 and 1565 nm. Measurements provide a more reliable value of K, for use in optical-based soot diagnostics for soot concentration and temperature measurement as well as for soot radiation analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jzhu@anl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 17-18 BP 3643 EP 3648 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.04.013 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 838XM UT WOS:000222746700005 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Storvold, R Stamnes, K Lubin, D AF Xiong, XZ Storvold, R Stamnes, K Lubin, D TI Derivation of a threshold function for the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 3.75 mu m channel and its application in automatic cloud discrimination over snow/ice surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AVHRR DATA; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; POLAR CLOUDS; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; REGION; MODEL; ICE; SCATTERING AB The distinct contrast between the reflectance of solar radiation in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channel 3 (3.75 mum) by clouds and by bright surfaces provides an effective means of cloud discrimination over snow/ice surfaces. A threshold function for the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedo in channel 3 (r(3)) is derived and used to develop an improved method for cloud discrimination over snow/ice surfaces that makes explicit use of TOA r(3) . Corrections for radiance anisotropy and temperature effects are required to derive accurate values of r(3) from satellite measurements and to utilize the threshold function. It has been used to retrieve cloud cover fractions from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 AVHRR data over the Arctic Ocean and over the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in Barrow, Alaska. The retrieved cloud fractions are in good agreement with SHEBA (Surface HEat Budget of the Arctic Ocean) surface visual observations and with NSA cloud radar and lidar observations, respectively. This method can be utilized to improve cloud discrimination over snow/ice surfaces for any satellite sensor with a channel near 3.7 mum. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Steven Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 NR 50 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2995 EP 3017 DI 10.1080/01431160310001619553 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 831FC UT WOS:000222178300007 ER PT J AU Pettersson, A Lovejoy, ER Brock, CA Brown, SS Ravishankara, AR AF Pettersson, A Lovejoy, ER Brock, CA Brown, SS Ravishankara, AR TI Measurement of aerosol optical extinction at 532nm with pulsed cavity ring down spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol optical extinction; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; particle cross section ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; SPECTROMETER AB Accurate measurement of optical properties of aerosols is crucial for quantifying the influence of aerosols on climate. This article describes laboratory testing of a cavity ring down (CRD) system for measurement of the optical extinction of aerosol. The system is tested with well-characterized laboratory generated aerosols, and the measured extinctions agree within 5% of predictions by Mie theory. Extension of the lab prototype to field measurements of atmospheric aerosol is discussed. It is shown that the precision of measurements of the optical extinction of aerosol in the field will be determined by statistical fluctuations in the number of particles in the sample volume. Averaging times on the order of minutes are required to reduce statistical fluctuations to less than 5%. Improvements to the CRD system to reduce the averaging times are proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lovejoy, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nlovejoy@al.noaa.gov RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; NR 39 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 8 BP 995 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.02.008 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 849EP UT WOS:000223521800005 ER PT J AU Kim, MH AF Kim, MH TI Modified Porod's law estimate of the transition-layer thickness between two phases: test of triangular smoothing function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POLYMER-POLYMER INTERFACES; 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; INTENSITY BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSE INTERFACES; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; FREE-ENERGY; POLYETHYLENE; DIFFRACTION AB An analytical method to estimate the thickness of the interface between two phases from small-angle scattering (SAS) data has been developed using Porod's law modified by a triangular smoothing function. The convolution with a 'top-hat' function describing a sharp density profile results in a semi-sigmoidal density profile. This analytical method allows an interfacial layer thickness to be estimated from the negative slope of a Porod plot. The interfacial layer thickness ( T) obtained from this model is related to similar models, namely a linear ( E) and a sigmoidal density profile (sigma) model, as follows: T = 2(1/2) E = 2(6(1/2))sigma, where sigma is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function and does not represent the boundary thickness itself. The interfacial layer thickness obtained from any convolution method is a model-dependent parameter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, MH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM man-ho.kim@nist.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1107/S0021889804013196 PN 4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 839NJ UT WOS:000222791500017 ER PT J AU Li, J Menzel, WP Sun, FY Schmit, TJ Gurka, J AF Li, J Menzel, WP Sun, FY Schmit, TJ Gurka, J TI AIRS subpixel cloud characterization using MODIS cloud products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; CLASSIFICATION; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; SURFACE; SOUNDER; MODELS AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS) measurements from the Earth Observing System's (EOS's) Aqua satellite enable improved global monitoring of the distribution of clouds. MODIS is able to provide, at high spatial resolution (similar to1-5 km), a cloud mask, surface and cloud types, cloud phase, cloud-top pressure (CTP), effective cloud amount (ECA), cloud particle size (CPS), and cloud optical thickness ( COT). AIRS is able to provide CTP, ECA, CPS, and COT at coarser spatial resolution (similar to13.5 km at nadir) but with much better accuracy using its high-spectral-resolution measurements. The combined MODIS-AIRS system offers the opportunity for improved cloud products over those possible from either system alone. The key steps for synergistic use of imager and sounder radiance measurements are 1) collocation in space and time and 2) imager cloud amount, type, and phase determination within the sounder pixel. The MODIS and AIRS measurements from the EOS Aqua satellite provide the opportunity to study the synergistic use of advanced imager and sounder measurements. As the first step, the MODIS classification procedure is applied to identify various surface and cloud types within an AIRS footprint. Cloud-layer information (lower, midlevel, or high clouds) and phase information ( water, ice, or mixed-phase clouds) within the AIRS footprint are sorted and characterized using MODIS 1-km-spatial-resolution data. The combined MODIS and AIRS data for various scenes are analyzed to study the utility of the synergistic use of high-spatial-resolution imager products and high-spectral-resolution sounder radiance measurements. There is relevance to the optimal use of data from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) and Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) systems, which are to fly on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R. C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS SSEC, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jun.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; NR 26 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1094 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1083:ASCCUM>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DW UT WOS:000223373900002 ER PT J AU Houze, RA Brodzik, S Schumacher, C Yuter, SE Williams, CR AF Houze, RA Brodzik, S Schumacher, C Yuter, SE Williams, CR TI Uncertainties in oceanic radar rain maps at Kwajalein and implications for satellite validation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PROFILING ALGORITHM; REFLECTIVITY; PROBABILITY; SPACE AB The Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) ground validation radar has provided a multiyear three-dimensional radar dataset at an oceanic site. Extensive rain gauge networks are not feasible over the ocean and, hence, are not available to aid in calibrating the radar or determining a conversion from reflectivity to rain rate. This paper describes methods used to ensure the calibration and allow the computation of quantitative rain maps from the radar data without the aid of rain gauges. Calibration adjustments are made by comparison with the TRMM satelliteborne precipitation radar. The additional steps required to convert the calibrated reflectivity to rain maps are the following: correction for the vertical profile of reflectivity below the lowest elevation angle using climatological convective and stratiform reflectivity profiles; conversion of reflectivity (Z) to rain rate ( R) with a relationship based on disdrometer data collected at Kwajalein, and a gap-filling estimate. The time series of rain maps computed by these procedures include low, best, and high estimates to frame the estimated overall uncertainty in the radar rain estimation. The greatest uncertainty of the rain maps lies in the calibration of the radar (+/-30%). The estimation of the low-altitude vertical profile of reflectivity is also a major uncertainty (+/-15%). The Z-R and data-gap uncertainties are relatively minor (+/-5% or less). These uncertainties help to prioritize the issues that need to be addressed to improve quantitative rainfall mapping over the ocean and provide useful bounds when comparing radar-derived rain estimates with other remotely sensed measures of oceanic rain ( such as from satellite passive microwave sensors). C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Houze, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM houze@atmos.washington.edu RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1114 EP 1132 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1114:UIORRM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DW UT WOS:000223373900004 ER PT J AU Raymond, WH Wade, GS Zapotocny, TH AF Raymond, WH Wade, GS Zapotocny, TH TI Assimilating GOES brightness temperatures. Part II: Assigning water vapor wind heights directly from weighting functions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; MOTION WINDS; CHANNEL DATA; INFORMATION; CLOUD; RADIANCES; MOISTURE AB An unsolved problem with water vapor wind estimates from the upper-tropospheric 6.7-mum water vapor band on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager ( channel 3) is its exact placement in the vertical column. Satellite water vapor observations are known to be depth-averaged assessments of the upper-tropospheric moisture. Details about the effective averaging of upper-tropospheric observations, valid for GOES or those of other satellite platforms, are not retrieved as part of the observation. However, details about the vertical placement can be accurately estimated from forward radiative models that mimic the instrument spectral characteristics. A new method has been developed to assimilate satellite radiances or brightness temperatures directly into a numerical forecast model. A by-product of the new scheme is knowledge of the weighting functions that describe the assignment value given to each vertical layer. As a consequence, given water vapor wind data, these weighting functions allow the guessed wind field to be "intelligently'' modified. In this study the vertical and horizontal characteristics of these weighting functions are examined. Statistics for a 16-day period are presented that show how weighted average wind components from the initial model forecast fields, computed using the weighting functions, compare with GOES water vapor wind observations. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Wade, GS (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gary.s.wade@noaa.gov RI Wade, Gary S./F-5630-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1200 EP 1212 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1200:AGBTPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DW UT WOS:000223373900009 ER PT J AU Hanke, M Schmidbauer, M Grigoriev, D Kohler, R AF Hanke, M Schmidbauer, M Grigoriev, D Kohler, R TI Aspect ratio of liquid phase epitaxial SiGe/Si(001) islands as probed by high resolution x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIGE ISLANDS; STRAIN; SCATTERING; GROWTH; HETEROEPITAXY; SI(001); SHAPE; GE AB X-ray diffuse scattering is used to probe size, shape, and strain distribution of self-organized SiGe/Si(001) islands, which were grown by liquid phase epitaxy. The SiGe islands show a truncated pyramidal shape with {111} side facets and a (001) top facet and they are highly uniform in size. With an averaged island base width of 130 nm and a corresponding height of 65 nm all the islands have a characteristic geometrical base-to-height aspect ratio of about 2. X-ray diffuse scattering is used to locally probe the elastically relaxed regions inside the island apex and the strongly strained regions near the substrate-island interface. It is found that the geometrical aspect ratio has a large impact on the x-ray diffuse intensity pattern in reciprocal space. By performing corresponding kinematical x-ray simulations this fact can be utilized to determine the aspect ratio with high sensitivity. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Hanke, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1447 EP 1450 DI 10.1063/1.1763994 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900025 ER PT J AU Bai, FM Wang, NG Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM Xu, GY Shirane, G AF Bai, FM Wang, NG Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM Xu, GY Shirane, G TI X-ray and neutron diffraction investigations of the structural phase transformation sequence under electric field in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.3PbTiO(3) crystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION ROTATION AB The structural phase transformations of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) (PMN-30%PT) have been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron scattering as a function of temperature and electric field. We observe the phase transformational sequence (i) cubic (C)--> tetragonal (T)--> rhombohedral (R) in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) condition; (ii) C-->T--> monoclinic (M-C)--> monoclinic (M-A) in the field-cooled (FC) condition; and (iii) R-->M-A-->M-C-->T with increasing field at fixed temperature beginning from the ZFC condition. Upon removal of the field, the M-A phase is stable at room temperature in the FC condition, and also in the ZFC condition with increasing field. Several subtleties of our findings are discussed based on results from thermal expansion and dielectric measurements, including (i) the stability of the M-A phase, (ii) a difference in lattice parameters between inside bulk and outside layer regions, and (iii) a difference in the phase transition temperature between XRD and dielectric data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM fbai@vt.edu RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Bai, Feiming/K-5762-2013; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 24 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1620 EP 1627 DI 10.1063/1.1766087 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900051 ER PT J AU Wilczak, JM Bedard, AJ AF Wilczak, JM Bedard, AJ TI A new turbulence microbarometer and its evaluation using the budget of horizontal heat flux SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; SONIC ANEMOMETER; PRESSURE PROBE; SIMILARITY; CONVECTION; SYSTEMS; STRESS; WIND AB The construction, calibration, and application of a microbarometer that is capable of accurately measuring turbulence pressure fluctuations is described. The microbarometer consists of a quad-disk pressure probe and a highly sensitive high-pass pressure sensor. The accuracy of the instrument is tested by evaluating the budget of streamwise horizontal heat flux in the atmospheric surface layer. In this budget, shear and stratification production balance a pressure covariance term and a small turbulent transport term. The measured pressure covariance term is found to close the heat flux budget to within approximately 15%. C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP NOAA, Environm Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.M.Wilczak@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1181 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1170:ANTMAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845DL UT WOS:000223215900004 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Steele, WV TI High-energy components of "designer gasoline and designer diesel fuel" I. Heat capacities, enthalpy increments, vapor pressures, critical properties, and derived thermodynamic functions for bicyclopentyl between the T = (10 and 600) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE bicyclopentyl; heat capacity; vapor pressure; critical properties; ideal-gas properties; enthalpy of fusion; triple-point temperature; phase transition ID VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous bicyclopentyl (Chemical Abstracts registry number [1636-39-1]) are reported. Experimental methods include adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). The critical temperature was determined by d.s.c. and the critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation are reported at selected temperatures between T = (298.15 and 600) K. Formation properties were calculated with a literature value for the enthalpy of combustion in the liquid phase. All results are compared with available literature values. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Chem Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Mailstop 838-000,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; steelewv@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.04.003 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 841CK UT WOS:000222906700002 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Gery, PD Vaudin, MD Mighell, AD Klein, R Goldberg, RN AF Tewari, YB Gery, PD Vaudin, MD Mighell, AD Klein, R Goldberg, RN TI Saturation molalities and standard molar enthalpies of solution of cytidine(cr), hypoxanthine(cr), thymidine(cr), thymine(cr), uridine(cr), and xanthine(cr) in H2O(I) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE cytidine; enthalpy of solution; Gibbs free energy; hypoxanthine; saturation molality; solubility; thymidine; thymine; uridine; xanthine ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; POWDER DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; SOLVENT INTERACTIONS; SUCROSE SOLUTIONS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; CONSISTENT SET AB Saturation molalities m(sat) in H2O(1) have been measured for the substances cytidine(cr), hypoxanthine(cr), thymidine(cr), thymine(cr), uridine(cr), and xanthine(cr) by using h.p.l.c. The states of hydration were established by performing Karl-Fischer analyses on samples of these substances, which had been allowed to equilibrate with their respective aqueous saturated solutions for several days at T approximate to 298 K and then dried with air at T approximate to 296 K for approximate to 24 h. The crystalline forms of the substances were identified by comparison of the results of X-ray diffraction measurements with results from the literature. Also, molar enthalpies of solution Delta(sol)H(m)(cal) for these substances were measured by using an isoperibol solution calorimeter. A self-association (stacking) model was used to estimate values of the activity coefficients gamma and relative apparent molar enthalpies L-phi for these substances. These gamma and L-phi values were used to adjust the measured values of m(sat) and Delta(sol)H(m)(cal) to the standard state and thus obtain values of the standard molar Gibbs free energy Delta(sol)G(m)degrees and enthalpy changes Delta(sol)H(m)degrees for the dissolution reactions of these substances. The values of the pKs and of the standard molar enthalpies of the ionization reactions were also used to account for speciation of the substances in the calculations of Delta(sol)G(m)degrees and Delta(sol)H(m)degrees. Values of standard molar enthalpies of formation Delta(f)H(m)degrees, standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation Delta(f)G(m)degrees, and standard partial molar entropies S(2,m)degrees for the aqueous species of hypoxanthine and xanthine were calculated. A detailed summary and comparison of thermodynamic results from the literature for these substances is presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotechnol Div, Bldg 222,Mail Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; mark.vau-din@nist.gov; alan.mighell@nist.gov; rklein3612@aol.com; robert.goldberg@nist.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 645 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.04.005 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 841CK UT WOS:000222906700003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RW Gentemann, CL Wentz, F AF Reynolds, RW Gentemann, CL Wentz, F TI Impact of TRMM SSTs on a climate-scale SST analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INTERPOLATION; VALIDATION; SKIN AB Prior efforts have produced a sea surface temperature (SST) optimum interpolation (OI) analysis that is widely used, especially for climate purposes. The analysis uses in situ ( ship and buoy) and infrared (IR) satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Beginning in December 1997, "microwave'' SSTs became available from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite Microwave Imager (TMI). Microwave SSTs have a significant coverage advantage over "IR'' SSTs because microwave SSTs can be retrieved in cloud-covered regions while IR SSTs cannot. However, microwave SSTs are at a much lower spatial resolution than the IR SSTs. In this study, the impact of SSTs derived from TMI was tested from the perspective of the OI analysis. Six different versions of the OI were produced weekly from 10 December 1997 to 1 January 2003 using different combinations of AVHRR and TMI data and including versions with and without a bias correction of the satellite data. To make the results more objective, 20% of the buoys were randomly selected and the SSTs from these buoys were withheld from the OI for independent verification. The results of the intercomparisons show that both AVHRR and TMI data have biases that must be corrected for climate studies. These biases change with time as physical properties of the atmosphere change and as satellite instruments and the orbits of the satellites, themselves, change. It is critical to monitor differences between satellite and other products to quickly diagnose any of these changes. For the OI analyses with bias correction, it is difficult using the withheld buoys to clearly demonstrate that there is a significant advantage in adding TMI data. The advantage of TMI data is clearly shown in the OI analyses without bias correction. Because IR and microwave satellite algorithms are affected by different sources of error, biases may tend to cancel when both TMI and AVHRR data are used in the OI. Bias corrections cannot be made in regions where there are no in situ data. In these regions, the results of the analyses without bias corrections apply. Because there are areas of the ocean with limited in situ data and restricted AVHRR coverage due to cloud cover, the use of both TMI and AVHRR should improve the accuracy of the analysis in these regions. In addition, the use of more than one satellite product is helpful in diagnosing problems in these products. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Reynolds, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Richard.W.Reynolds@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 15 BP 2938 EP 2952 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2938:IOTSOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843JI UT WOS:000223074500004 ER PT J AU Intrieri, JM Shupe, MD AF Intrieri, JM Shupe, MD TI Characteristics and radiative effects of diamond dust over the western Arctic Ocean region SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL CYCLE; SURFACE; ICE; BUDGET; SHEBA; RETRIEVAL; CLOUDS; LIDAR; SEA AB Atmospheric observations from active remote sensors and surface observers, obtained in the western Arctic Ocean between November 1997 and May 1998, were analyzed to determine the physical characteristics and to assess the surface radiative contribution of diamond dust. The observations showed that diamond dust contributed only a negligible radiative effect to the sea ice surface. Surface radiative fluxes and radiative forcing values during diamond dust events were similar in magnitude when compared to observed clear-sky periods. Combined information from lidar, radar, and surface observers showed that diamond dust occurred similar to13% of the time between November and mid-May over the Arctic Ocean and was not observed between mid-May and October. Diamond dust vertical depths, derived from lidar measurements, varied between 100 and 1000 m but were most often observed to be about 250 m. Lidar and radar measurements were analyzed to assess if precipitation from boundary layer clouds was present during times when surface observers reported diamond dust. This analysis revealed that surface observers had incorrectly coded diamond dust events similar to45% of the time. The miscoded events occurred almost exclusively under conditions with limited or no illumination (December-March). In 95% of the miscoded reports, lidar measurements revealed the presence of thin liquid water clouds precipitating ice crystals down to the surface. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Intrieri, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, 325 Broadway,R-E-ET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janet.intrieri@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 15 BP 2953 EP 2960 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2953:CAREOD>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843JI UT WOS:000223074500005 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Shi, W Hain, C AF Higgins, RW Shi, W Hain, C TI Relationships between Gulf of California moisture surges and precipitation in the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ARIZONA MONSOON BOUNDARY; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; MEXICAN MONSOON; DISTURBANCES; SYSTEM; REGIME AB Relationships between Gulf of California moisture surges and precipitation in the southwestern United States are examined. Standard surface observations are used to identify gulf surge events at Yuma, Arizona, for a multiyear (July-August of 1977-2001) period, and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) precipitation analyses and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are used to relate the gulf surge events to the precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns, respectively. Emphasis is placed on the relative differences in the precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns for several categories of surge events, including those that are relatively strong ( weak) and those that are accompanied by relatively wet ( dry) conditions in Arizona and New Mexico after onset. It is shown that rapid surface dewpoint temperature increases are not necessarily a good indicator of increased rainfall in the region. The extent to which the precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns are influenced by a phasing of tropical easterly and midlatitude westerly waves is also considered. Results indicate that a significant fraction of the events in all categories are related to the passage of westward-propagating tropical easterly waves across western Mexico. However, the occurrence of wet versus dry surges in the southwestern United States is not discriminated by the presence of tropical easterly waves, but rather by the relative location of the upper-level anticyclone in midlatitudes at the time of the gulf surge. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, NCEP, Dev Branch,Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, NCEP, Dev Branch,Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Washington, DC 20233 USA. EM wayne.higgins@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816 NR 19 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 15 BP 2983 EP 2997 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2983:RBGOCM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843JI UT WOS:000223074500008 ER PT J AU Peng, SL Robinson, WA Li, SL AF Peng, SL Robinson, WA Li, SL TI Mechanisms for the NAO responses to the North Atlantic SST tripole (vol 16, pg 1987, yr 2004) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Peng, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012 OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 15 BP 3055 EP 3055 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3055:C>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843JI UT WOS:000223074500013 ER PT J AU Quan, XW Webster, PJ Moore, AM Chang, HR AF Quan, XW Webster, PJ Moore, AM Chang, HR TI Seasonality in SST-forced atmospheric short-term climate predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; DYNAMICAL PREDICTABILITY; ERROR GROWTH; ANNUAL CYCLE; PACIFIC; PREDICTION; ANOMALIES AB The seasonal dependence of atmospheric short-term climate (i.e., seasonal to interannual) predictability is studied. This is accomplished by analyzing the output from ensemble integrations of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model. The integrations use the observed evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) as prescribed boundary forcing. Forced by the interannual variation of SST, the short-term climate predictability of the atmospheric circulation is geographically and seasonally dependent. In general, the predictability is larger in the Tropics than the extratropics and is greater in the Pacific-Atlantic Ocean sector compared to the Indian Ocean-Asian monsoon region. Predictability is also higher in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. On average, the weakest predictability in the Northern Hemisphere occurs during the northern autumn. However, it is noted that the 1982/83 strong El Nino event produced stronger atmospheric predictability than the 1988/89 strong La Nina event during the northern spring, and the predictability pattern is reversed during the northern autumn. Predictability is further partitioned into its internal and external components. The external component is defined as the interannual variation of ensemble average, and the internal component is the sample-to-sample variance. The temporal and spatial structure in the external variability accounts for most of the structure in the SST-forced atmospheric predictability. However, there are regions in the Tropics, such as over the monsoon region, where the external and internal variabilities show roughly the same magnitude. Overall, internal variability is largest in the extratropics. Specifically, the internal variability is larger in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn and larger in the southern extratropics during the northern spring. In contrast, the external variability is smaller (larger) in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn (spring). It is concluded that major features of the SST-forced atmospheric predictability are determined by the external variability in the Tropics. In the extratropics, the predictability is determined by seasonal variations in both internal and external variabilities. The weakest predictability that occurs in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn is the result of a conjunction of a local increase in internal variability and a decrease in external variability at the same time. Furthermore, the external variability is controlled by seasonality in the forcing over the tropical Pacific Ocean, which is largely determined by the following two mechanisms: 1) the annual cycle-ENSO interaction over the tropical Pacific Ocean and 2) nonlinear effects of hydrological processes associated with the annual cycle-ENSO interaction. Also, it is interesting that the annual cycle-ENSO interaction can be summarized into a conceptual model that shows some analogy to the quark model in nuclear physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, CDC, R-E-CD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM quan.xiaowei@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3090 EP 3108 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3090:SISASC>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DX UT WOS:000223374000003 ER PT J AU Flugel, M Chang, P Penland, C AF Flugel, M Chang, P Penland, C TI The role of stochastic forcing in modulating ENSO predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; COUPLED MODEL; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY AB Predictability analysis of a 1000-yr simulated zonal wind stress anomaly in an intermediate coupled model reveals that low-frequency variations in ENSO prediction are closely linked to changes in spatial structures of the uncoupled atmospheric noise. Enhanced predictability well beyond 1 yr is attained during those decades in which the structures of the stochastic component resemble a certain optimal noise structure, while during other periods the system quickly loses its predictability when the noise has less resemblance to the optimals. The optimal noise forcing can maximize the system's predictability up to 1 yr in advance. Its spatial characteristics are such that maximum variability is located in the western Pacific at about 8degreesN. Within the limitations of the authors' simple model, the results suggest that changes in ENSO predictability can be explained in terms of changes in the characteristics of the noise forcing, without invoking changes in mean state and coupled dynamics. Therefore, the results offer a null hypothesis for low-frequency variations of ENSO predictability. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Flugel, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mfluegel@ocean.tamu.edu RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3125 EP 3140 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3125:TROSFI>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DX UT WOS:000223374000005 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW AF Bullard, JW TI Stability of voids formed in cavities at liquid-solid interfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interfaces; wetting; thermodynamic modeling; air voids ID CONTACT AB A thermodynamic model is developed of the free energy of gas-filled voids formed within cavities on solid surfaces covered by a liquid. Capillary effects are assumed to be the only important contributions to the free energy, and expressions are derived for the free energy of the system as a function of the void size, the relative surface free energy densities involved, and the geometry of the cavity. The results of the model are (1) construction of a stability diagram that maps the most stable void configuration versus the wetting properties of the various solid surfaces involved, and (2) rough estimates of the work required to liberate a void of a given size and position. The model can give qualitative insight into the stability of coating defects on uneven surfaces, and also can be used to prescribe possible surface treatments for reducing the work required to remove voids from the system. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 276 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.054 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 836EI UT WOS:000222537800026 PM 15219448 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Yang, JC AF Manzello, SL Yang, JC TI Droplet impact on a heated stainless steel surface: Influence of camera framing rate SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 499 EP 499 DI 10.1115/1.1811718 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 855QP UT WOS:000223989100006 ER PT J AU Lee, C Wu, CH Hoopes, JA AF Lee, C Wu, CH Hoopes, JA TI Automated sediment erosion testing system using digital Imaging SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COHESIVE SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM SEDIMENTS; SHEAR-STRESS; IN-SITU; RESUSPENSION; FLOW; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; HARBOR AB Measurement of vertical profiles of the critical shear stress, tau(c), and the erosion rate, E, from the same undisturbed sediment core is crucial for modeling the resuspension of fine-grained natural sediments. The automated sediment erosion testing system (ASETS) was developed to determine profiles of tau(c) and E with centimeter spatial (vertical) resolution in an undisturbed (Shelby tube) sediment core, whose surface was eroded by steady turbulent flow through a flume. The unique feature of ASETS is that it is a real-time imaging method that accurately determines the position of the core surface during erosion for both calculating the vertical profile of E and controlling a motor-driver system that automatically pushes up the core to maintain its surface flush with the flume bottom. Undisturbed, field cores were tested over a range of flow (average bed shear stress, tau(b)) conditions. The amount of eroded sediment from both optical backscattering measurements and the imaging method were in good agreement, which validated ASETS. Measured vertical profiles of tau(c) and E were similar to those reported in literature. E correlated well with (tau(b)-tau(c))(2), which agrees with previous results in literature. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM LeeCheeg@battelle.org; chinwu@engr.wisc.edu; hoopes@engr.wisc.edu RI Wu, Chin/C-2042-2009 OI Wu, Chin/0000-0001-8393-1940 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 8 BP 771 EP 782 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(771) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 842JK UT WOS:000223000000005 ER PT J AU Stohl, A James, P AF Stohl, A James, P TI A Lagrangian analysis of the atmospheric branch of the global water cycle. part I: Method description, validation, and demonstration for the August 2002 flooding in central Europe SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATIVE MOISTURE SOURCES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; 15-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; DISPERSION MODEL; VAPOR TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION; TRAJECTORIES; TROPOSPHERE AB Understanding and quantifying the relationships between evaporation of water in one region, precipitation in another, and the transport processes connecting them, is one of the key problems in hydrometeorology. However, to date few methods exist that are suitable for establishing these relationships. In this paper, a new Lagrangian technique is described that builds on methods that have been developed for investigating source-receptor relationships for air pollutants. It is based on meteorological analysis data and a particle dispersion model and uses a Lagrangian analog to the Eulerian budget method to diagnose the surface moisture flux. Because of its Lagrangian nature, regions of net evaporation are connected by trajectories with regions of net precipitation, and these trajectories can be used to examine how the two are related. The method is shown to yield estimates for the global distribution of the annual mean surface freshwater flux that are equally accurate as those obtained with the Eulerian budget method. It is then applied in a case study of an extreme precipitation event that occurred in central Europe in August 2002 and led to floodings with return periods of 100 to 300 yr in some river catchments. Again it is shown that the moisture fluxes obtained with the Lagrangian and Eulerian method, respectively, agree well with each other, and both agree well with observed precipitation patterns and short-range precipitation forecasts. Then the new method is used to determine where the water that became precipitation during the flooding event has evaporated. It is found that in addition to a strong Mediterranean source, much of the water evaporated from land. The strong extra evaporation over land was likely due to a wet spell the weeks before that left soils saturated with water in large parts of Europe and flooded in some smaller regions. It appears that precipitation forecasts suffered from predicting too little evaporation in these regions. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Bioclimat, Munich, Germany. RP Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, R-AL4,Room 2A101,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andreas.Stohl@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755 NR 53 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 656 EP 678 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0656:ALAOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845PP UT WOS:000223257100006 ER PT J AU Assel, R Drobot, S Croley, TE AF Assel, R Drobot, S Croley, TE TI Improving 30-day Great Lakes ice cover outlooks SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS AB Prediction of Great Lakes ice cover is important for winter operations and planning activities. Current 30-day forecasts use accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDDs) to identify similar historical events and associated ice cover. The authors describe statistical models that relate future ice cover to current ice cover, AFDDs, and teleconnection indices, available on the day the forecast is made. These models are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation and assess the potential of a perfect AFDD forecast in a regression between ice cover and AFDDs between the forecast date (first day of month) and the date for which the forecast is made (first day of next month). C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Natl Acad, Board Atmospher Sci & Climate, Washington, DC USA. RP Assel, R (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM ray.assel@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0713:IDGLIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845PP UT WOS:000223257100009 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Wang, W Barker, PE Srivastava, S Atha, DH AF Jakupciak, JP Wang, W Barker, PE Srivastava, S Atha, DH TI Analytical validation of telomerase activity for cancer early detection - TRAP/PCR-CE and hTERT mRNA quantification assay for high-throughput screening of tumor cells SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; COLORECTAL-CANCER; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXPRESSION; BIOMARKER; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS AB Activation of telomerase plays a critical role in unlimited proliferation and immortalization of cells. Telomerase activity has been shown to correlate with tumor progression, indicating that tumors expressing this enzyme possess aggressive clinical behavior and that telomerase activity may be a useful biomarker for early detection of cancer. However, measurements of telomerase activity by current methods such as telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antibody-based radioimmunoassay (RIA) are low-throughput and not robust enough to easily accommodate the required statistical analysis to determine whether telomerase activity is a practical biomarker. As part of the National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network of analytical validation, we have developed a robot assisted TRAP assay (RApidTRAP) of telomerase, a potential biomarker for cancer early detection. Measurements of human telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (hTERT) mRNA were performed in concert with measurement of telomerase activity. For this purpose we determined hTERT mRNA concentration and telomerase activity in human normal (RPE-28) and cancer (A549) cell fines as well as in human serum (SRM 1951A). Telomerase activity measurements were made using the TRAP/PCR capillary electrophoresis (CE) method on (50 to 1000) cells/reaction isolated from cell extracts. Measurement of hTERT mRNA was made using specific primers and probes on a LightCycler in the range of (10 to 7000) cells/reaction. Comparison of high-throughput telomerase activity measurements using the robot and those performed manually were consistent in sensitivity and reproducibility. Using this combination of telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA measurements, the automated system improved efficiency over traditional TRAP/PCR methods. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.atha@nist.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60506-5 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 840SV UT WOS:000222880800001 PM 15269291 ER PT J AU Williams, ME Boettinger, WJ Kattner, UR AF Williams, ME Boettinger, WJ Kattner, UR TI Contribution to the Zr-rich part of the Zn-Zr phase diagram SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article AB The reaction of zinc vapor with Zircaloy-4 and nuclear grade zirconium was investigated with various analytical techniques: optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the results, the Zr-rich part of the Zn-Zr phase diagram was revised. A eutectoid decomposition of (betaZr) occurs at 718 +/- 6 degreesC with a composition of x(Zr) = 0.865; this temperature is lower than the previously accepted 750 degreesC eutectoid. The solubility of Zn in (alphaZr) was determined to be at x(Zn) = 0.0236, a maximum at 725 degreesC. The intermetallic phase ZnZr2 was observed to occur in samples heat treated at 712 degreesC and 725 degreesC, but not in those heat treated at 700 degreesC and 775 degreesC. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Maureen.Williams@nist.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1361/15477030420124 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 848YB UT WOS:000223503000007 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Jech, JM Stanton, TK AF Reeder, DB Jech, JM Stanton, TK TI Broadband acoustic backscatter and high-resolution morphology of fish: Measurement and modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on Acoustics in Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ICES, Inst Rech Dev, IFREMER, Acoust Soc Amer, UK Inst Acoust, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Soc Francaise Acoust ID SOUND-SCATTERING; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS; FILLED CYLINDERS AB Broadband acoustic backscattering measurements, advanced high-resolution imaging of fish morphology using CT scans and phase-contrast x rays (in addition to traditional x rays), and associated scattering modeling using the images have been conducted involving alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a swimbladder-bearing fish. A greater-than-octave bandwidth (40-95 kHz) signal was used to insonify live, individual, adult alewife that were tethered while being rotated in 1-deg increments over all angles in two planes of rotation (lateral and dorsal/ventral). These data, in addition to providing the orientation dependence of the scattering over a continuous band of frequencies, were also used (after pulse. compression) to identify dominant scattering features of the fish (including the skull and swimbladder). The x-ray and CT scan images of the swimbladder were digitized and incorporated into two scattering models: (1) Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) model [Clay and Home, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1661-1668 (1994)] and (2) conformal-mapping-based Fourier matching method (FMM), which has recently been extended to finite-length bodies [Reeder and Stanton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116. 729-746 (2004)]. Comparisons between the scattering predictions and data demonstrate the utility of the CT scan imagery for use in scattering models, as it provided a means for rapidly and noninvasively measuring the fish morphology in three dimensions and at high resolution. In addition to further validation of the KRM model, the potential of the new FMM formulation was demonstrated, which is a versatile approach, valid over a wide range of shapes, all frequencies and all angles of orientation. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1121/1.1648318 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800011 PM 15376641 ER PT J AU Njiwa, ABK Fett, T Rodel, J Quinn, GD AF Njiwa, ABK Fett, T Rodel, J Quinn, GD TI Crack-tip toughness measurements on a sintered reaction-bonded Si3N4 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TOUGHENED SILICON-NITRIDE; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BRIDGING STRESSES; ALUMINA; CERAMICS; COMPOSITES; DEFLECTION; RESISTANCE; SPECIMENS AB An evaluation of measurements of crack opening displacements (CODs) on a commercial sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) was performed. To determine the intrinsic fracture toughness of this material, a new evaluation method is presented, which takes into account not only the near tip CODs, but the CODs of the complete crack profile. The method is applied on through-thickness cracks in bend bars and contrasted to CODs of Vickers radial cracks. A crack-tip toughness of similar to1.7 MPa(.)m(1/2) is obtained. C1 TH Darmstadt, Inst Mech Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Njiwa, ABK (reprint author), TH Darmstadt, Inst Mech Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1502 EP 1508 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 850RJ UT WOS:000223629800016 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Mapes, BE AF Lin, JL Mapes, BE TI Radiation budget of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; PACIFIC WARM POOL; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; WESTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE FLUXES; INDIAN OCEANS AB This study examines the relationship between precipitation and radiative heating on intraseasonal time scales in the Tropics using collocated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative flux measurements from special field program data [Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) experiments] as well as long-term TOA flux data [from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data]. All the different datasets consistently show that the atmosphere-integrated radiative heating is nearly in phase with the precipitation and enhances the net condensation heating by about 10%-15%. The dominant contribution to this radiative warming during wet periods is the reduction of TOA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), primarily by clouds but with a small contribution by water vapor. This radiative heating is reduced slightly by enhanced surface downwelling longwave radiation, attributable to low cloud bases and reduced atmospheric shortwave absorption attributable to shadowing by high cloud tops. The intraseasonal budget of TOA radiation, reflecting heating of the whole ocean plus atmosphere column, is characterized by shortwave cloud forcing anomalies that are substantially larger than the longwave cloud forcing anomaly. This imbalance is in contrast with the near cancellation between these two terms at the seasonal time scale. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jialin.lin@noaa.gov RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 77 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 16 BP 2050 EP 2062 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2050:RBOTTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845PM UT WOS:000223256800004 ER PT J AU Bister, M Mapes, BE AF Bister, M Mapes, BE TI Effect of vertical dipole temperature anomalies on convection in a cloud model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TROPICAL CONVECTION; TOGA COARE; WESTERN PACIFIC; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATIONS AB A cloud-resolving model is used to study the effects of a vertical temperature dipole on convective cloud development. Such dipole anomalies, with a warm-above-cool structure in the troposphere, are known to be forced by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Tropics. The experiments involve letting convection develop in perturbed initial soundings with open lateral boundary conditions. Convection is driven solely by surface fluxes. In the control run, a field of deep convection ensues. With a strong dipole anomaly that is warm in the upper troposphere, no clouds ascend beyond the middle troposphere. In this case, cumulus congestus clouds strongly moisten the midtroposphere with relative humidity increases by up to 24% by the end of the 6-h simulation. With a half-strength anomaly, a mixed population results: mainly middle-topped congestus clouds, but with some intermittent deep cells. The partitioning between cloud types is somewhat sensitive to model resolution, with a change from 1- to 0.5-km grid spacing resulting in relatively more congestus clouds and fewer deep cells. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bister, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Physicum C406,POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM marja.bister@helsinki.fi RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 16 BP 2092 EP 2100 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2092:EOVDTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845PM UT WOS:000223256800008 ER PT J AU Skomal, GB Wood, G Caloyianis, N AF Skomal, GB Wood, G Caloyianis, N TI Archival tagging of a basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus, in the western North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB A 6.1-m long female basking shark (Celorhinus maximus) was tagged 73 kin cast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts on 27 September 2001 with a pop-up archival transmitting tag. The tag detached prematurely on 6 December 2001 in an area approximately 800 km south-west of the tag site off the coast of North Carolina. The basking shark was vertically active for the 71-d tracking period, moving through depths and temperatures ranging from the surface to 320 m and 5.8 to 21.0degreesC, respectively. The shark displayed temporal variation in its residence depth and exhibited a marked temperature preference, with 72% of the temperature observations between 15.0 and 17.5degreesC. This track provides evidence that the basking shark associates with the continental shelf and shelf edge off the south-eastern United States during autumn. Moreover, it corroborates previous studies indicating that the basking shark remains active and does not hibernate during autumn. C1 Marthas Vineyard Res Stn, Div Marine Fisheries, Commonwealth Massachusetts, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568 USA. NOAA, Coastwatch Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Skomal, GB (reprint author), Marthas Vineyard Res Stn, Div Marine Fisheries, Commonwealth Massachusetts, POB 68, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568 USA. EM Gregory.Skomal@state.ma.us; grayson.wood@noaa.gov; Gregory.Skomal@state.ma.us NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 84 IS 4 BP 795 EP 799 DI 10.1017/S0025315404009968h PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 857LY UT WOS:000224119400022 ER PT J AU Li, SL AF Li, SL TI Impact of northwest Atlantic SST anomalies on the circulation over the ural mountains during early winter SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSES; EQUILIBRIUM; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE; REANALYSIS; MECHANISMS; CLIMATE AB Both the observed background circulation and the northwest Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) associated with the circulation anomaly over the Ural Mountains during early winter (October-December) are investigated, and it is shown that a positive height anomaly over the Urals is remotely linked to a positive SSTA by an upper wave-train-like anomaly chain across the North Atlantic and coastal Europe. To investigate whether and how the SSTA affects the circulation over the Urals, large-ensemble atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) experiments are conducted, and the results show that the SSTA forces a similar wave-train-like anomaly chain, resulting in a positive geopotential height anomaly over the Urals. The mechanism that maintains the response is diagnosed by investigating the roles of anomalous diabatic heating, and transient vorticity forcing, via a linear baroclinic model (LBM). The results suggest that the two upstream anomalies in the chain are largely maintained by anomalous transient vorticity forcing, although it is modulated by anomalous diabatic heating. In contrast, the Ural response is largely maintained by anomalous diabatic heating. To mimic the initial mechanism of the response, an idealized heating representing the initial SSTA-induced heating is prescribed. The LBM response to the idealized heating is obtained, and then transient feedback to the heating-induced anomalous flow is simulated, via a linear storm track model (STM). The LBM responses to the anomalous transient vorticity forcing resulting from the idealized heating resembles the GCM simulation upstream, but is not significant over the Urals. This suggests further that the Ural response is triggered, and maintained, by anomalous diabatic heating. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shuanglin.li@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 971 EP 988 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2004.971 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862QE UT WOS:000224505000001 ER PT J AU Salit, ML Sansonetti, CJ Veza, D Travis, JC AF Salit, ML Sansonetti, CJ Veza, D Travis, JC TI Investigation of single-factor calibration of the wave-number scale in Fourier-transform spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINE-SHAPE DISTORTIONS; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; SPECTROMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET; INTERFEROMETERS; SPECTRA AB We have used the fundamental and frequency-doubled output of a single-frequency tunable laser locked to a precisely known transition in molecular iodine to provide calibration of a Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions and to investigate the limiting uncertainty involved in calibrating spectra by using a single multiplicative correction to the entire optical frequency scale. An integrating sphere was used to introduce the laser light as a pseudoincoherent source and provide uniform illumination of the FTS field of view. The sphere also served to combine the laser beams with light from a series of mercury electrodeless discharge lamps containing argon carrier gas at selected pressures. Four strong lines in the spectrum of Hg-198 were measured with these lamps to obtain precise wavelengths and argon-pressure-shift coefficients. These lines, emitted from lamps with argon pressures in the range 33 Pa (0.25 Torr) to 1330 Pa (10 Torr), are suitable for future calibration of FT spectra without need for the laser source. The limiting relative uncertainty component in the reported wavelengths is 6.19 X 10(-9), as estimated from observed deviation of the frequency ratios of the calibration lasers from the exact value of 2. The adequacy of a single multiplicative correction factor for the absolute calibration of an individual FT spectrum is supported by our data. at the level of better than a part in 10(8). (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. RP Salit, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.001543 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 844KZ UT WOS:000223158400016 ER PT J AU Gjertsen, H Barrett, CB AF Gjertsen, H Barrett, CB TI Context-dependent biodiversity conservation management regimes: Theory and simulation SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INSTITUTIONS; COMMONS AB Ecosystem degradation has motivated a search for successful conservation approaches. The perceived failure of state-directed protected areas in the tropics has prompted experimentation with community management and co-management strategies. Numerous case studies suggest that none of these are effective universally. There exists, however, little analytical or empirical work to identify under what conditions one arrangement will be more effective than another. This paper develops a model of state-dependent, equilibrium conservation management design that identifies the comparative advantage of different managers, in the interest of appropriately locating authority for conservation tasks as a function of prevailing biophysical, economic, and sociopolitical conditions. C1 Cornell Univ, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gjertsen, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.2307/3654724 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842NO UT WOS:000223011300001 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Heintz, R Rice, SD AF Barron, MG Heintz, R Rice, SD TI Relative potency of PAHs and heterocycles as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in fish SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE PAHs; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; embryo; fish ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HEPATOMA-CELL LINE; 7-ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE ACTIVITY; INDUCTION POTENCIES; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; PRIMARY CULTURES; CYP1A; AZAARENES; EXPOSURE; INDUCERS AB The relative potency of polycyclic aromatic compounds as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in fish was determined using data on CYP1A induction or AhR binding for 74 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocycles in teleost, avian, or mammalian systems from 18 published papers. Each PAH was assigned a fish potency factor relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an AhR agonist. Two and three ring unsubstituted PAHs were generally inactive in fish, avian, and mammalian systems. Benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were consistently the most potent PAHs, with fish potency factors of 0.001-0.002. Common structural features associated with higher potency PAHs included 4-6 rings containing fluoranthene or phenanthrene structures with an exposed bay region. These results show that PAHs can have similar potency as many dioxin-like PCBs, and AhR mediated toxicity should be considered in assessing the risks of PAHs in fish. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 PEAK Res, Longmont, CO USA. NMFS, NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 21 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100002 PM 15178019 ER PT J AU Keller, JM McClellan-Green, P AF Keller, JM McClellan-Green, P TI Effects of organochlorine compounds on cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in an immortal sea turtle cell line SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE sea turtle; endocrine; aromatase; cell line; testis; atrazine; DDE ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; DIFFERENTIATION; CONTAMINANTS; TEMPERATURE; ALLIGATORS; EXPOSURE AB Many classes of environmental contaminants affect the reproductive function of animals through interactions with the endocrine system. The primary components affected by endocrine active compounds (EACs) are the steroid receptors and the enzymes responsible for steroidogenesis. This study sought to develop an in vitro model for assessing EAC effects in sea turtles by examining their ability to alter cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) activity. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. This enzyme is critical in the sexual differentiation of reptiles which demonstrate temperature-dependent sex determination. An immortal testis cell line GST-TS from a green sea turtle was grown in culture at 30 degreesC in RPMI 1640 media. The cells were exposed to three known aromatase inducers; dexamethasone (Dex), 8Br-cyclic AMP, or human chronic gonadotropin (HCG) and one aromatase inhibitor 4-androstenol-dione (4-OHA). In addition, the GST-TS cells were exposed to 0.1-30 muM atrazine and 3-100 muM 4,4'-DDE. The inducing compounds that have been shown to increase aromatase activity in other systems failed to induce aromatase activity in the GST-TS cells, yet exposure to the inhibiting compound, 4-OHA, did result in a significant reduction. Atrazine (0.1, 1.0 and 10 muM) significantly induced aromatase activity following a 24 h exposure, and 4,4'-DDE inhibited the activity but only at cytotoxic concentrations (100 muM). Based on these results, this in vitro model can be useful in examining the endocrine effects of EACs in sea turtles. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Expt & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP McClellan-Green, P (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM pmcclell@duke.edu RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 10 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.080 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100037 PM 15178053 ER PT J AU Sorrentino, C Roy, NK Chambers, RC Courtney, SC Wirgin, I AF Sorrentino, C Roy, NK Chambers, RC Courtney, SC Wirgin, I TI B[a]P-DNA binding in early life-stages of Atlantic tomcod: population differences and chromium modulation SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE resistance; genotoxicity; earl life-stages; hydrocarbons; metal-organic interactions; DNA-binding ID HUDSON RIVER; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE AB Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) from the Hudson River (HR) are resistant at the molecular and organismic levels to the effects of exposure to dioxin-like aromatic hydrocarbon (AH) compounds, but much less so to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The aims of this study were to determine in early life-stages of tomcod exposed to B[a]P: (1) if DNA binding levels differed between fish from the HR and Miramichi River (MR), and (2) if co-exposure to chromium could modulate this genotoxic effect. After exposure to [H-3]B[a]P alone, DNA-bound radioactivity was 5-10-fold higher in embryos and larvae of MR than HR descent. Co-exposure to chromium modulated DNA binding levels in offspring of both populations. In MR embryos, co-exposure to chromium inhibited B[a]P uptake. These results demonstrated resistance to the genotoxic effects of B[a]P in early life stages of HR tomcod at an ecologically important endpoint and suggest the ability of chromium to modulate AH-induced genotoxicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Sch Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, ES10344] NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.024 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100041 PM 15178057 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI AF Hartwell, SI TI Distribution of DDT in sediments off the central California coast SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DDT; continental shelves; sediment pollution; central California; pesticides ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MONTEREY BAY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE FISHES; WATER; CIRCULATION; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SURFACE AB A collaborative sampling cruise off the central California coast was conducted to evaluate contaminant transport pathways along and across the shelf in the spring of 2002. The area has a complex current structure and net transport routes are not known for sure. Sediment characteristics, and organic and trace metal contaminants were analyzed in sediments taken from locations near shore, out to the heads of several canyons. Relative to the continental shelf and Pioneer Canyon stations, DDT was found at higher concentrations in Ascension and Monterey Canyons. Monterey Bay still receives DDT from terrestrial runoff and may be the source of DDT found in Ascension Canyon. DDT concentrations in Monterey Bay biota indicate bioaccumulation is occurring at depth due to continuing input from the shore. Effects on the deep ocean benthic community is unknown. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.016 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 850KW UT WOS:000223611100015 PM 15341823 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Ricker, RE AF Stoudt, MR Ricker, RE TI Electrochemical evaluation of a corrosion fatigue failure mechanism in a duplex stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; CRACKING; METALS; REPASSIVATION; ENVIRONMENTS; PREDICTION; ALUMINIUM; BEHAVIOR; HYDROGEN; ALLOYS AB Laboratory corrosion fatigue studies on smooth and precracked samples indicated that two duplex stainless steels would have similar service lives in a paper-processing environment; but, in service, one of these alloys has exhibited premature failures. Since corrosion fatigue experiments had proven unable to detect this failure mechanism, electrochemical measurements and slow strain rate tensile tests were used to evaluate four alloy composition-dependent failure mechanism hypotheses. No significant differences were found in the dissolution rates or hydrogen fugacities produced when mechanical processes expose bare surface, and slow strain rate tensile tests found no indication of a difference in cracking susceptibility for the same hydrogen fugacity. Electrochemical experiments found that pits nucleate in one phase of the duplex microstructure at lower potentials in the failure prone alloy, but do not propagate beyond the microscopic dimensions of this phase. These microstructurally limited "micropits" were found to nucleate fracture in slow strain rate tensile tests, and examination of a service failure confirmed the presence of microscopic pits at crack initiation sites. The premature failures are attributed to the lower pitting resistance of the failure prone alloy, and the failure of laboratory experiments to predict this behavior is attributed to the slow kinetics of pit nucleation in these experiments. A laboratory testing methodology is suggested that will ensure detection of similar susceptibilities in future corrosion fatigue testing programs. C1 US Dept Commerce, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.ricker@nist.gov RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35A IS 8 BP 2427 EP 2437 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0223-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843HK UT WOS:000223069100026 ER PT J AU Marinenko, R Leigh, S AF Marinenko, R Leigh, S TI Heterogeneity evaluation of research materials for microanalysis standards certification SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE analysis of variance; certification of microanalysis standards; electron probe microanalysis; heterogeneity; homogeneity; microanalysis standards; microheterogeneity; microhomogeneity; standard reference materials; uncertainty AB Electron microprobe testing and evaluation procedures to determine the extent of within- and between-specimen heterogeneity of reference materials and the experimental uncertainty are described. These procedures have been developed and used at NIST in the certification of several NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). In this article, they have been simplified and updated for general use. Suggestions for experimental testing of specimens are described and a detailed description of the statistical evaluation process is included with an example of a data spreadsheet and instructions for its preparation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marinenko, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryna.marinenko@nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 491 EP 506 DI 10.1017/S1431927604040383 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 843BI UT WOS:000223049700013 PM 15327710 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, V Sriram, RD Gilliland, GL AF Ravichandran, V Sriram, RD Gilliland, GL TI MitoMorphy: an alignment and annotation tool for human mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms SO MITOCHONDRION LA English DT Article DE MitoMorphy; human mitochondrial DNA; polymorphism ID DISEASES AB MitoMorphy uses a number of publicly available human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from different ethnic groups to compare and annotate the associated polymorphic data. It provides an integrated display of mtDNA sequence comparison, sequence variation, and annotation for 695 different mtDNA sequences from many different ethnic groups around the world. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ravichandran, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM ravichan@umbi.umd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-7249 J9 MITOCHONDRION JI Mitochondrion PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.mito.2004.05.006 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 880NL UT WOS:000225796400002 PM 16120393 ER PT J AU De Felice, B Wilson, RR Nacca, M Ciarmiello, LF Pinelli, C AF De Felice, B Wilson, RR Nacca, M Ciarmiello, LF Pinelli, C TI Molecular characterization and expression of p63 isoforms in human keloids SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE keloids; p63 isoforms; RNA splicing ID HYPERTROPHIC SCARS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; P53 HOMOLOG; GENE; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOMA; FAMILY; LIMB AB Keloids are benign skin tumors that develop following wounding. A cDNA product from human keloid specimens was identified using the differential display technique. The full-length cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR using human keloid mRNA as template. The predicted product of the cDNA was found to be 99% identical to the DeltaN-p63 gamma isotype of p63, a transcription factor that belongs to the family that includes the structurally related tumor suppressor p53 and p73. The DeltaN-p63 isotype lacks the acidic N terminal region corresponding to the transactivation domain of p53. Since this can potentially block p53-mediated target gene transactivation, it may serve as a dominant-negative isoform. Real-Time RT-PCR analysis of RNAs from normal skin tissue and keloids showed that the DeltaN-p63 isotype is specifically expressed in keloids, but is virtually undetectable in normal skin. Immunostaining of p63 in normal skin revealed that only basal cells of the epithelium expressed the protein, while in keloid tissues the antigen was detected in the nuclei of cells scattered through all layers of the epithelium and in fibroblast-like cells in the dermis. These results may indicate that aberrant p63 expression plays a role not only in malignant tumors but also in benign skin diseases that show hyperproliferation of epidermal cells in vivo. Moreover, this isoform of p63 could serve as a specific molecular marker for this human disease. C1 Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Naples 2, Gen Hosp, Caserta, Italy. RP De Felice, B (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. EM bruna.defelice@unina2.it RI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/D-3301-2014; OI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/0000-0002-4420-019X; Pinelli, Claudia/0000-0002-1845-9886 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-1034-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 847DV UT WOS:000223373800003 PM 15248062 ER PT J AU Orrell, TM Carpenter, KE AF Orrell, TM Carpenter, KE TI A phylogeny of the fish family Sparidae (porgies) inferred from mitochondrial sequence data SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Perciformes; Percoidei; Sparoidea; Sparidae; phylogeny; mtDNA; 16S; rRNA; cyt b ID EVOLUTION; PERCOIDEI; PERCIFORMES; TELEOSTEI AB The porgies (Sparidae) comprise a diverse group of neritic fishes with a broad geographic distribution. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences from partial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of these fishes. Sequences from 38 sparid species, 10 species in outgroups closely related to sparids, seven basal percoid species, and a non-perciform outgroup species were analyzed with parsimony and maximum likelihood. The Sparidae were monophyletic with the inclusion of Spicara, which is currently placed in the Centracanthidae. The genera Spicara, Pagrus, and Pagellus, were not monophyletic indicating a need for revision. Two main sparid lineages were recovered in all analyses, but the previously proposed six sparid subfamilies (Boopsinae, Denticinae, Diplodinae, Pagellinae, Pagrinae, and Sparinae) were not monophyletic. This suggests that dentition and feeding modes, upon which these subfamilies are based, were independently derived multiple times within sparid fishes. There was no evidence from the 16S or combined analyses for a monophyletic Sparoidea. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, MNFA, Systemat Lab,NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Orrell, TM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, MNFA, Systemat Lab,NHB, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM orrell.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 35 TC 51 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.01.012 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 838RY UT WOS:000222732000001 PM 15223028 ER PT J AU Gilmore, MS Straka, JM Rasmussen, EN AF Gilmore, MS Straka, JM Rasmussen, EN TI Precipitation and evolution sensitivity in simulated deep convective storms: Comparisons between liquid-only and simple ice and liquid phase microphysics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ISOLATED MICROBURST; MODEL; SHEAR; CLOUD; MESOSCALE; DYNAMICS; PARAMETERIZATIONS; CLASSIFICATION AB Weisman and Klemp suggested that their liquid-only, deep convective storm experiments should be repeated with a liquid-ice microphysics scheme to determine if the solutions are qualitatively the same. Using a three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic cloud model, such results are compared between three microphysics schemes: the "Kessler'' liquid-only scheme (used by Weisman and Klemp), a Lin-Farley-Orville-like scheme with liquid and ice parameterization (Li), and the same Lin-Farley-Orville-like microphysics scheme but with only liquid processes turned on (Lr). Convection is simulated using a single thermodynamic profile and a variety of shear profiles. The shear profiles are represented by five idealized half-circle wind hodographs with arc lengths (U-s) of 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 m s(-1). The precipitation, cold pool characteristics, and storm evolution produced by the different schemes are compared. The Kessler scheme produces similar accumulated precipitation over 2 h compared to Lr for all shear regimes. Although Kessler's rain evaporation rate is 1.5-1.8 times faster in the lower troposphere, rain production is also faster via accretion and autoconversion of cloud water. In addition, nearly similar to40% more accumulated precipitation occurs in Li compared to Lr. This can be attributed primarily to increased precipitation production rates and enhanced low-level precipitation fluxes in Li for all shear regimes. Differences in the amount of precipitation reaching ground and the low-level cooling rates also cause differences in storm cold pools. For the U-s=25 shear regime, microphysics cases with colder low-level outflow are shown to be associated with temporarily weaker (Li) or shorter- lived (Kessler) supercells as compared to cases with warmer outflow (Lr). This is consistent with a previous study showing that the cold pool has a greater relative impact on the storm updraft compared to dynamic forcing for weaker shear. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gilmore, MS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gilmore@atmos.uiuc.edu NR 53 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 132 IS 8 BP 1897 EP 1916 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1897:PAESIS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845DG UT WOS:000223215400001 ER PT J AU Dowell, DC Zhang, FQ Wicker, LJ Snyder, C Crook, NA AF Dowell, DC Zhang, FQ Wicker, LJ Snyder, C Crook, NA TI Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman filter experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; SIMULATED DATA EXPERIMENTS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; SINGLE-DOPPLER; THERMODYNAMIC RETRIEVAL; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL WIND AB The feasibility of using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to retrieve the wind and temperature fields in an isolated convective storm has been tested by applying the technique to observations of the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell. Radial-velocity and reflectivity observations from a single radar were assimilated into a nonhydrostatic, anelastic numerical model initialized with an idealized (horizontally homogeneous) base state. The assimilation results were compared to observations from another Doppler radar, the results of dual-Doppler wind syntheses, and in situ measurements from an instrumented tower. Observation errors make it more difficult to assess EnKF performance than in previous storm-scale EnKF experiments that employed synthetic observations and a perfect model; nevertheless, the comparisons in this case indicate that the locations of the main updraft and mesocyclone in the Arcadia storm were determined rather accurately, especially at midlevels. The magnitudes of vertical velocity and vertical vorticity in these features are similar to those in the dual-Doppler analyses, except that the low-level updraft is stronger in the EnKF analyses than in the dual-Doppler analyses. Several assimilation-scheme parameters are adjustable, including the method of initializing the ensemble, the inflation factor applied to perturbations, the magnitude of the assumed observation-error variance, and the degree of localization of the filter. In the Arcadia storm experiments, in which observations of a mature storm were assimilated over a relatively short (47 min) period, the results depended most on the ensemble-initialization method. In the data assimilation experiments, too much northerly storm-relative outflow along the south side of the low-level cold pool eventually developed during the assimilation period. Assimilation of Doppler observations did little to correct temperature errors near the surface in the cold pool. Both observational limitations (poor spatial resolution in the radar data near the ground) and model errors (coarse resolution and uncertainties in the parameterizations of moist processes) probably contributed to poor low-level temperature analyses in these experiments. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Dowell, DC (reprint author), CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM David.Dowell@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; NR 61 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 132 IS 8 BP 1982 EP 2005 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1982:WATRIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845DG UT WOS:000223215400006 ER PT J AU Schultz, DM AF Schultz, DM TI Cold fronts with and without prefrontal wind shifts in the central United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRONTOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; CYCLONES; SURGES AB Time series of cold fronts from stations in the central United States possess incredible variety. For example, time series of some cold fronts exhibit a sharp temperature decrease coincident with a pressure trough and a distinct wind shift. Other time series exhibit a prefrontal trough and wind shift that precedes the temperature decrease associated with the front by several hours. In early March 2003, two cold fronts passed through Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (OKC), representing each of the above scenarios. The cold front on 4 March was characterized by a coincident sharp wind shift, pressure trough, and a strong temperature decrease of 10degreesC in 2 min. On the other hand, the cold-frontal passage on 8 March was characterized by a prefrontal wind shift occurring over a 7-h period before the temperature decrease of 10degreesC in 2 h. Twelve hours before frontal passage at OKC, both fronts had the same magnitude of the horizontal potential temperature gradient and Petterssen frontogenesis. By the time of frontal passage at OKC, the magnitude of the horizontal potential temperature gradient for the 4 March front was double that of the 8 March front, and the frontogenesis was nearly four times as great. The simultaneity of the surface horizontal potential temperature gradient and deformation and convergence maxima ( coincident with the wind shift) was primarily responsible for the greater strength of the cold front in OKC on 4 March compared to that on 8 March. Whether a prefrontal wind shift occurred was determined by the timing and location of cyclogenesis in the central United States. On 4 March, a cyclone was adjacent to the slope of the Rocky Mountains and developed on the cold front as it moved through Oklahoma, permitting greater frontogenesis and resulting in a cold-frontal passage at OKC with a simultaneous temperature decrease and wind shift. On 8 March, the cyclone moved eastward through Oklahoma before the arrival of the cold front, resulting in a prefrontal wind shift associated with the northerlies behind the cyclone, followed by the frontal passage. A 2-yr climatology of cold-frontal passages at OKC supports the results from the two cases above, indicating that the timing and location of cyclogenesis was responsible for these two different cold-frontal structures. These results imply that, for situations resembling those of this study, the prefrontal trough is not directly associated with the cold front, but is caused by external processes related to the lee troughing. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 132 IS 8 BP 2040 EP 2053 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2040:CFWAWP>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845DG UT WOS:000223215400009 ER PT J AU Stafford, CM Harrison, C Beers, KL Karim, A Amis, EJ Vanlandingham, MR Kim, HC Volksen, W Miller, RD Simonyi, EE AF Stafford, CM Harrison, C Beers, KL Karim, A Amis, EJ Vanlandingham, MR Kim, HC Volksen, W Miller, RD Simonyi, EE TI A buckling-based metrology for measuring the elastic moduli of polymeric thin films SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL METHODS; ELASTOMERIC POLYMER; MATERIALS SCIENCE; YOUNG MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; DIELECTRICS; SCATTERING; MICROSCOPY; POROSITY AB As technology continues towards smaller, thinner and lighter devices, more stringent demands are placed on thin polymer films as diffusion barriers, dielectric coatings, electronic packaging and so on. Therefore, there is a growing need for testing platforms to rapidly determine the mechanical properties of thin polymer films and coatings. We introduce here an elegant, efficient measurement method that yields the elastic moduli of nanoscale polymer films in a rapid and quantitative manner without the need for expensive equipment or material-specific modelling. The technique exploits a buckling instability that occurs in bilayers consisting of a stiff, thin film coated onto a relatively soft, thick substrate. Using the spacing of these highly periodic wrinkles, we calculate the film's elastic modulus by applying well-established buckling mechanics. We successfully apply this new measurement platform to several systems displaying a wide range of thicknessess (nanometre to micrometre) and moduli (MPa to GPa). C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 34 TC 655 Z9 660 U1 24 U2 273 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 8 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1038/nmat1175 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 842YL UT WOS:000223040500020 PM 15247909 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, SB Douglas, JF Obrzut, J Grulke, EA Migler, KB AF Kharchenko, SB Douglas, JF Obrzut, J Grulke, EA Migler, KB TI Flow-induced properties of nanotube-filled polymer materials SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NONCOLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; SHEAR-FLOW; STRESS; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; RHEOLOGY AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are under intense investigation in materials science owing to their potential for modifying the electrical conductivity sigma, shear viscosity eta, and other transport properties of polymeric materials. These particles are hybrids of filler and nanoscale additives because their lengths are macroscopic whereas their cross-sectional dimensions are closer to molecular scales. The combination of extended shape, rigidity and deformability allows CNTs to be mechanically dispersed in polymer matrices in the form of disordered 'jammed' network structures. Our measurements on representative network-forming multiwall nanotube (MWNT) dispersions in polypropylene indicate that these materials exhibit extraordinary flow-induced property changes. Specifically, sigma and eta both decrease strongly with increasing shear rate, and these nanocomposites exhibit impressively large and negative normal stress differences, a rarely reported phenomenon in soft condensed matter. We illustrate the practical implications of these nonlinear transport properties by showing that MWNTs eliminate die swell in our nanocomposites, an effect crucial for their processing. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Kharchenko, SB (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM semen.kharchenko@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; kalman.migler@nist.gov OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 40 TC 303 Z9 305 U1 11 U2 120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 8 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.1038/nmat1183 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 842YL UT WOS:000223040500023 PM 15273745 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Pess, GR Beechie, TJ AF Pollock, MM Pess, GR Beechie, TJ TI The importance of beaver ponds to coho salmon production in the Stillaguamish River basin, Washington, USA SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WINTER HABITAT; STREAMS; FISH; ECOLOGY; PREFERENCES; COMMUNITY; SYSTEM AB The use of beaver Castor canadensis ponds by juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and other fishes has been well established. However, the population-level effects on coho salmon resulting from the widespread removal of millions of beaver and their dams from Pacific Coast watersheds have not been examined. We assessed the current and historic distributions of beaver ponds and other coho salmon rearing habitat in the Stillaguamish River, a 1,771-km(2) drainage basin in Washington and found that the greatest reduction in coho salmon smolt production capacity originated from the extensive loss of beaver ponds. We estimated the current summer smolt production potential (SPP) to be 965,000 smolts, compared with a historic summer SPP of 2.5 million smolts. Overall, current summer habitat capacity was reduced by 61% compared with historic levels, most of the reduction resulting from the loss of beaver ponds. Current summer SPP from beaver ponds and sloughs was reduced by 89% and 68%, respectively, compared with historic SPP. A more dramatic reduction in winter habitat capacity was found; the current winter SPP was estimated at 971,000 smolts, compared with a historic winter SPP of 7.1 million smolts. In terms of winter habitat capacity, we estimated a 94% reduction in beaver pond SPP a 68% loss in SPP of sloughs, a 9% loss in SPP of tributary habitat, and an overall SPP reduction of 86%. Most of the overall reduction resulted from the loss of beaver ponds. Our analysis suggests that summer habitat historically limited smolt production capacity, whereas both summer and winter habitats currently exert equal limits on production. Watershed-scale restoration activities designed to increase coho salmon production should emphasize the creation of ponds and other slow-water environments; increasing beaver populations may be a simple and effective means of creating slow-water habitat. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 749 EP 760 DI 10.1577/M03-156.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849IF UT WOS:000223531200001 ER PT J AU Ablowitz, MJ Ilan, B Cundiff, ST AF Ablowitz, MJ Ilan, B Cundiff, ST TI Carrier-envelope phase slip of ultrashort dispersion-managed solitons SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB The carrier-envelope phase slip of an ultrashort pulse circulating in a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is analyzed. The laser cavity is modeled by a dispersion- and nonlinearity-managed nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The combined contributions to the phase slip induced by nonlinear phase and nonlinear dispersion are found to approach zero for strong dispersion maps. The dependence of the slip on third-order dispersion is found as well. The analytical results are verified using numerical simulations. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ablowitz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM boaz@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 15 BP 1808 EP 1810 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001808 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 838KT UT WOS:000222712900035 PM 15352377 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Suh, J Feenstra, R Haugan, T Barnes, P AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Suh, J Feenstra, R Haugan, T Barnes, P TI Phase equilibria of Ba-R-Cu-O for coated conductor applications (R = lanthanides and Y) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductive and High Temperature Superconductors CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE Ba2RCu3O6+x; phase diagrams; BaF2; process; BaF2; Y; Cu vertical bar vertical bar O; F reciproal system AB Phase diagrams of the Ba2RCu3O6-x(R = Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, and Er) superconductors, prepared under 100 Pa O-2 at 810 degreesC, reflect the trend of the lanthanide contraction. The single-phase regions of Ba2-x(Nd1+x-yR'(y))Cu3O6+z for R' = Gd, Y and Yb, and of Ba2-x(R1+x-yYy)Cu3O6+z for R = Eu and Gd were determined. Using these data, both fluxpinning and melting properties can be tailored and optimized. The presence of a low temperature melt during formation of the Ba2YCu3O6+x phase from barium fluoride amorphous precursor films is deemed important for producing quality tapes, and hence for rapid advancement of second-generation RABiTS/IBAD coated conductor technology. Our search for low melting liquid has focused on compositional vectors within the Ba, Y, Cu\\O, F reciprocal system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Mat Bldg Rm A-207, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 408 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.019 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 856NK UT WOS:000224051700009 ER PT J AU Kreyssig, A Stockert, O Reznik, D Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Bitterlich, H Souptel, D Behr, G Loewenhaupt, M AF Kreyssig, A Stockert, O Reznik, D Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Bitterlich, H Souptel, D Behr, G Loewenhaupt, M TI Magnetic excitations of RNi2B2C single crystals with R = Tb and Ho SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductive and High Temperature Superconductors CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE borocarbides; crystal-field effects; neutron inelastic scattering ID HONI2B2C; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ORDER AB We present first results of our inelastic neutron scattering experiments on RNi2B2C single crystals (R = Tb and Ho) in the most interesting temperature range around the magnetic and superconducting transitions. Here we focus on the magnetic excitations in the energy range from 2 to 20 meV. While there are clear changes in the crystal-electric field excitations between the paramagnetic and the antiferromagnetically ordered ground states for both compounds, no differences are observed between the paramagnetic state and the intermediate magnetically ordered states in HoNi2B2C. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. CEA Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstofforsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Kreyssig, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM a.kreyssig@physik.tu-dresden.de NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 408 BP 100 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.056 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 856NK UT WOS:000224051700042 ER PT J AU Churilov, SS Joshi, YN Reader, J Kildiyarova, RR AF Churilov, SS Joshi, YN Reader, J Kildiyarova, RR TI 4p(6)4d(8)-(4d(7)5p+4d(7)4f+4p(5)4d(9)) transitions in Xe Xl SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SOURCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; 4P(5)4D(9) CONFIGURATIONS; SPECTRA IDENTIFICATION; ORTHOGONAL OPERATORS; SB-VIII; LA-XI; TE-IX; WAVELENGTHS; KRYPTON AB The spectrum of ten times ionized xenon, Xe XI, was observed in the region 105-157 Angstrom with a low-inductance vacuum spark and a 10.7 m grazing-incidence spectrograph. About 200 lines belonging to the 4d(8)-(4d(7)5p + 4d(7)4f + 4p(5)4d(9)) transition array were observed. 140 of these lines are in the region 130-140 Angstrom, which is of importance for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The spectrum was interpreted by means of Hartree-Fock calculations and orthogonal parameters using scaling factors for the energy parameters obtained by extrapolation along the Rh II isoelectronic sequence. All 9 levels of the 4d(8) configuration and 123 levels of the 4d(7)5p + 4d(7)4f + 4p(5)4d(9) configurations were established. Transition probabilities for all observed lines were calculated with fitted values of the energy parameters. A value of 1847200 +/- 1600 cm(-1)(229.02 +/- 0.20 eV) was obtained for the ionization energy. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142190, Moscow, Russia. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Phys, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Churilov, SS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142190, Moscow, Russia. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/70/2-3/009 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 850UD UT WOS:000223637900009 ER PT J AU Sayan, S Bartynski, RA Zhao, X Gusev, EP Vanderbilt, A Croft, M Holl, MB Garfunkel, E AF Sayan, S Bartynski, RA Zhao, X Gusev, EP Vanderbilt, A Croft, M Holl, MB Garfunkel, E TI Valence and conduction band offsets of a ZrO2/SiOxNy,/n-Si CMOS gate stack: A combined photoemission and inverse photoemission study SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY NOV 13-14, 2003 CL Austin, TX SP Motorola ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PRECISE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINDING-ENERGY; ELECTRON-GAS; CORE-LEVEL; SILICON; STATES; DIELECTRICS; SI(100) AB The densities of states above and below the Fermi energy for the ZrO2/SiOxNy/n-Si system are examined by photoemission and inverse photoemission and compared with results from first principles calculations. The measured band gap of ZrO2 is 5.68 eV and the valence and conduction band offsets relative to silicon are 3.40 and 1.16 eV respectively. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sayan, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM sayan@rutchem.rutgers.edu; garf@rutchem.rutgers.edu NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 241 IS 10 BP 2246 EP 2252 DI 10.1002/pssb.200404945 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847LS UT WOS:000223394700009 ER PT J AU Goldwin, J Inouye, S Olsen, ML Newman, B DePaola, BD Jin, DS AF Goldwin, J Inouye, S Olsen, ML Newman, B DePaola, BD Jin, DS TI Measurement of the interaction strength in a Bose-Fermi mixture with Rb-87 and K-40 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GASES; TEMPERATURE; ATOMS AB A quantum degenerate, dilute gas mixture of bosonic and fermionic atoms was produced using Rb-87 and K-40. The onset of degeneracy was confirmed by observing the spatial distribution of the gases after time-of-flight expansion. Furthermore, the magnitude of the interspecies scattering length between the doubly spin-polarized states of Rb-87 and K-40, \a(RbK)\, was determined from cross-dimensional thermal relaxation. The uncertainty in this collision measurement was greatly reduced by taking the ratio of interspecies and intraspecies relaxation rates, yielding \a(RbK)\=250+/-30 a(0), which is a lower value than what was reported in [M. Modugno , Phys. Rev. A 68, 043626 (2003) ]. Using the value for \a(RbK)\ reported here, current T=0 theory would predict a threshold for mechanical instability that is inconsistent with the experimentally observed onset for sudden loss of fermions in [ G. Modugno , Science 297, 2240 (2002) ]. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI DePaola, Brett/I-3533-2013; OI DePaola, Brett/0000-0003-3409-671X; Goldwin, Jonathan/0000-0002-0582-2519 NR 36 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 AR 021601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.021601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 851WO UT WOS:000223717400007 ER PT J AU Akbarzadeh, AR Bellaiche, L Leung, K Iniguez, J Vanderbilt, D AF Akbarzadeh, AR Bellaiche, L Leung, K Iniguez, J Vanderbilt, D TI Atomistic simulations of the incipient ferroelectric KTaO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; ELECTRON-GAS; BATIO3; PEROVSKITES; SCATTERING; KNBO3; MICROREGIONS AB A parameterized effective Hamiltonian approach is used to investigate KTaO3. We find that the experimentally observed anomalous dielectric response of this incipient ferroelectric is well reproduced by this approach, once quantum effects are accounted for. Quantum fluctuations suppress the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition; it is unnecessary to introduce defects to explain the dielectric behavior. The resulting quantum-induced local structure exhibits off-center atomic displacements that display longitudinal, needle-like correlations extending a few lattice constants. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009; OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604; Vanderbilt, David/0000-0002-2465-9091 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 054103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100030 ER PT J AU Iniguez, J Yildirim, T Udovic, TJ Sulic, M Jensen, CM AF Iniguez, J Yildirim, T Udovic, TJ Sulic, M Jensen, CM TI Structure and hydrogen dynamics of pure and Ti-doped sodium alanate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CATALYZED ALANATES; STORAGE PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; ZIRCONIUM; TITANIUM; NAALH4; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB We have studied the structure, energetics, and dynamics of pure and Ti-doped sodium alanate (NaAlH4), focusing on the possibility of substitutional Ti doping in the bulk. Our ab initio calculations reproduce well the measured neutron inelastic scattering spectrum, which exhibits surprisingly strong and sharp two-phonon features. The calculations also reveal that substitutional Ti doping is energetically possible, and imply that Ti prefers to substitute for Na and is a powerful hydrogen attractor that facilitates multiple Al-H bond breaking. Our results hint at ways of improving the hydrogen dynamics and storage capacity of the alanates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009 OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604 NR 23 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 060101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.060101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WE UT WOS:000223716300001 ER PT J AU Oh, S Warusawithana, M Eckstein, JN AF Oh, S Warusawithana, M Eckstein, JN TI Electric field effect on insulating cuprate planes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING BEHAVIOR; FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; HOLE AB We have studied field effect doping of nearly insulating p-type CuO2 planes in single crystal transistor heterostructures. By using a high epsilon(r) epitaxial SrTiO3 dielectric layer, a wide range of doping control is obtained, from -0.40 to 0.15 carriers/Cu (or similar to10(14) carriers/cm(2)). While a considerable field effect is observed for carrier depletion, the induced holes are completely localized even up to carrier density levels far beyond the bulk insulator-to-superconductor transition value. This implies that large induced carrier density and single crystalline interface is not a sufficient condition for electric field induced insulator-to-superconductor transition for cuprates. We show that the induced carriers are almost confined to the top single CuO2 plane and propose that two-dimensional confinement introduces this localization. Understanding and overcoming this localization behavior is a serious challenge to any attempt to use electric field to induce superconductivity in insulating cuprates. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol 818 03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oh, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 064509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.064509 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WE UT WOS:000223716300074 ER PT J AU Su, HB Welch, DO Wong-Ng, W AF Su, HB Welch, DO Wong-Ng, W TI Strain effects on point defects and chain-oxygen order-disorder transition in 123 cuprate compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY DISLOCATIONS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; PRESSURE; PHASE; YBA2CU3O7; BA; SOLIDS; SUBSTITUTION AB The energetics of Schottky defects in 123 cuprate superconductor series RBa2Cu3O7 (where R=lanthandies) and YA(2)Cu(3)O(7) (A=alkali earths), were found to have unusual relations if one considers only the volumetric strain. Our calculations reveal the effect of nonuniform changes of interatomic distances within the R-123 structures, introduced by doping homovalent elements, on the Schottky defect formation energy. The energy of formation of Frenkel pair defects, which is an elementary disordering event, in 123 compounds can be substantially altered under both stress and chemical doping. Scaling the oxygen-oxygen short-range repulsive parameter using the calculated formation energy of Frenkel pair defects, the transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases is computed by quasichemical approximations (QCA's). The theoretical results illustrate the same trend as the experimental measurements in that the larger the ionic radius of R, the lower the orthorhombic/tetragonal phase transition temperature. This study provides strong evidence of the strain effects on order-disorder transition due to oxygens in the CuO chain sites. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Su, HB (reprint author), CALTECH, Beckman Inst 139 74, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hbsu@wag.caltech.edu; dwelch@bnl.gov; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 054517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054517 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100095 ER PT J AU Woods, GT Soulen, RJ Mazin, I Nadgorny, B Osofsky, MS Sanders, J Srikanth, H Egelhoff, WF Datla, R AF Woods, GT Soulen, RJ Mazin, I Nadgorny, B Osofsky, MS Sanders, J Srikanth, H Egelhoff, WF Datla, R TI Analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection spectra in spin polarization measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETS; TRANSPORT; CRO2 AB We present a systematic analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectra for ferromagnetic materials, using both modeling and experimental data. We emphasize the importance of consistent data analysis to avoid possible misinterpretation of the data. We consider the relationship between ballistic and diffusive transport, the effect of different transport regimes on spin polarization measurements, and the importance of unambiguous identification of the type of transport regime. We find that in a realistic parameter range, the analysis of PCAR spectra of purely diffusive character by a ballistic model yield approximately the same (within similar to3%) values of the spin polarization and the barrier strength Z larger by similar to0.5-0.6. We also consider the dependence of polarization values on Z, and have shown by simple modeling that letting the superconducting gap vary as an adjustable parameter can result in a spurious dependence of the spin-polarization P-c on Z. At the same time we analyzed the effects of finite Z on the apparent value of P-c measured by the PCAR technique, using a large number of examples from both our own measurements and from the literature. We conclude that there is a system-dependent variation in P-c (Z), presumably due to spin-flip scattering at the interface. However, the exact type of this dependence is hard to determine with any statistical certainty. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woods, GT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 26 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 054416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054416 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100063 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA Shinder, II Moldover, MR AF Gillis, KA Shinder, II Moldover, MR TI Thermoacoustic boundary layers near the liquid-vapor critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GREENSPAN ACOUSTIC VISCOMETER; FREQUENCY SOUND-VELOCITY; GAS CRITICAL-POINT; ULTRASONIC DISPERSION; BULK VISCOSITY; XENON; ATTENUATION; DENSITY; FLUIDS AB We measure and calculate the sound attenuation within thermoacoustic boundary layers between solid surfaces and xenon at its critical density rho(c) as the reduced temperature tau=(T-T(c))/T(c) approaches zero. (T(c) is the critical temperature.) Using the known thermophysical properties of xenon, we predict that the attenuation at the boundary first increases approximately as tau(-0.6) and then saturates when the effusivity of the xenon exceeds that of the solid. [The effusivity is epsilon=(rhoC(P)lambda(T))(1/2), where C(P) is the isobaric specific heat and lambda(T) is the thermal conductivity.] The model correctly predicts (+/-1.0%) the quality factors Q of resonances measured in a stainless steel resonator (epsilon(ss)=6400 kg K(-1) s(-5/2)); it also predicts the observed increase of the Q, by up to a factor of 8, when the resonator is coated with a polymer (epsilon(pr)=370 kg K(-1) s(-5/2)). The test data span the frequency range 0.1, which establishes a criterion for statistical reproducibility of CAFM measurements. We further find that the appropriate interpretation for CAFM (under most imaging conditions), is as a probe of local propensity for insulator breakdown. Samples stored in air for weeks before study showed current features with oxidation times of order minutes. This indicates that these features were created by the scanning of the tip, and thus represent local pinhole susceptible regions. We finally present results for several AlOx samples showing that under appropriate imaging conditions significant sample to sample variation is observed, thus demonstrating the potential of this technique to qualitatively assess and facilitate under standing of potential qubit tunnel barrier devices. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado Coll, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lang, KM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kmlang@coloradocollege.edu NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2726 EP 2731 DI 10.1063/1.1777388 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 849QQ UT WOS:000223555300037 ER PT J AU Klimowski, BA Hjelmfelt, MR Bunkers, MJ AF Klimowski, BA Hjelmfelt, MR Bunkers, MJ TI Radar observations of the early evolution of bow echoes SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID STORM; SUPERCELL AB The evolution of 273 bow echoes that occurred over the United States from 1996 to 2002 was examined, especially with regard to the radar reflectivity characteristics during the prebowing stage. It was found that bow echoes develop from the following three primary initial modes: (i) weakly organized ( initially noninteracting) cells, (ii) squall lines, and (iii) supercells. Forty-five percent of the observed bow echoes evolved from weakly organized cells, 40% from squall lines, while 15% of the bow echoes were observed to evolve from supercells. Thunderstorm mergers were associated with the formation of bow echoes 50% - 55% of the time, with the development of the bow echo proceeding quite rapidly after the merger in these cases. Similarly, it was found that bow echoes formed near, and moved generally along, synoptic-scale or mesoscale boundaries in about half of the cases ( where data were available). The observed bow-echo evolutions demonstrated considerable regional variability, with squall line-to-bow-echo transitions most frequent over the eastern United States. Conversely, bow echoes typically developed from a group of weakly organized storms over the central United States. Bow-echo life spans were also longest, on average, over the southern plains; however, the modal life span was longest over the eastern United States. Finally, the supercell-to-bow-echo evolution was most common across the northern plains, but the data sample is too small for this result to be considered significant. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Klimowski, BA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, POB 16057, Bellemont, AZ 86015 USA. EM brian.klimowski@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0727:ROOTEE>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845UY UT WOS:000223272000006 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, B TI Discussion of verification concepts in Forecast Verification: A Practitioner's Guide in Atmospheric Science SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SKILL SCORES; PREDICTION C1 Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dept Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dept Lab, W-OST2,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0769:DOVCIF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845UY UT WOS:000223272000009 ER PT J AU Michalak, AM Bruhwiler, L Tans, PP AF Michalak, AM Bruhwiler, L Tans, PP TI A geostatistical approach to surface flux estimation of atmospheric trace gases SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; surface flux estimation; geostatistics; Bayesian inference ID CONTAMINANT SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; GLOBAL INVERSE MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 SOURCES; SINKS; EMISSIONS; CYCLE; CONSTRAINTS; UNCERTAINTY AB Inverse modeling methods have been used to estimate surface fluxes of atmospheric trace gases such as CFCs, CH4, and CO2 on the basis of atmospheric mass fraction measurements. A majority of recent studies use a classical Bayesian setup, in which prior flux estimates at regional or grid scales are specified in order to further constrain the flux estimates. This paper, on the other hand, explores the applicability of using a geostatistical approach to the inverse problem, a Bayesian method in which the prior probability density function is based on an assumed form for the spatial and/or temporal correlation of the surface fluxes, and no prior flux estimates are specified. The degree to which surface fluxes at two points are expected to be correlated is defined as a function of the separation distance in space or in time between the two points. Flux estimates obtained in this manner are not subject to some of the limitations associated with traditional Bayesian inversions, such as potential biases created by the choice of prior fluxes and aggregation error resulting from the use of large regions with prescribed flux patterns. In essence, they shed light on the information contained in the measurements themselves. The geostatistical algorithm is tested using CO2 pseudodata at 39 observation locations to recover surface fluxes on a 3.75degrees latitude by 5.0degrees longitude grid. Results show that CO2 surface flux variations can be recovered on a significantly smaller scale than that imposed by inversions that group surface fluxes into a small number of large regions. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Michalak, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, EWRE Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM anna.michalak@umich.edu; lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov; pieter.tans@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14109 DI 10.1029/2003JD004422 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 844VU UT WOS:000223189900001 ER PT J AU Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Elkins, JW Oberlander, EA Elansky, NF Belikov, IB Granberg, IG Golitsyn, GS Grisenko, AM Brenninkmeijer, CAM Crutzen, PJ AF Hurst, DF Romashkin, PA Elkins, JW Oberlander, EA Elansky, NF Belikov, IB Granberg, IG Golitsyn, GS Grisenko, AM Brenninkmeijer, CAM Crutzen, PJ TI Emissions of ozone-depleting substances in Russia during 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone-depleting substances; emissions; Russia ID TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD; TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; BACKGROUND OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; DECLINE; TRENDS; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; HISTORY AB There is a long-standing need for measurement-based estimates of the emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in Russia. This need arises from >20 years of globally important ODS manufacture in Russia that reportedly ceased in December 2000, for which only aggregated, unaudited production figures are available. The integrity of these production figures is questionable because, for nearly the last decade, the global emissions of several important ODSs estimated from global production figures (production-based estimates) have been insufficient to account for their measured atmospheric burdens. Are these shortfalls in worldwide production-based estimates the result of Russian emissions that are inordinate relative to the reported production figures? We estimate Russian emissions of six ODSs ( chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11, CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), CFC-113 (CCl2FCClF2), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), and halon-1211 (CBrClF2)) from thousands of measurements of their mixing ratios along 8500 km of the Russian trans-Siberian railway in June-July 2001. Our measurement-based estimates indicate that Russian emissions in 2001, even if grossly underestimated because of underreported production, were insufficient in magnitude to play a major role in recent global emission shortfalls. The results also corroborate the reported termination of CFC production in Russia at the end of 2000. The large CFC-12 emissions observed in Russia suggest that a recent estimate of the global CFC-12 reserve is too small. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. Russian Res Inst Rail Transport, Moscow 129851, Russia. RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dale.hurst@noaa.gov RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14303 DI 10.1029/2004JD004633 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 844VT UT WOS:000223189800004 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Lanzante, JR AF Seidel, DJ Lanzante, JR TI An assessment of three alternatives to linear trends for characterizing global atmospheric temperature changes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric temperature change; abrupt changes; linear trends ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RADIOSONDE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; FORCINGS; RECORD AB Historical changes in global atmospheric temperature are typically estimated using simple linear trends. This paper considers three alternative simple statistical models, each involving breakpoints ( abrupt changes): a flat steps model, in which all changes occur abruptly; a piecewise linear model; and a sloped steps model, incorporating both abrupt changes and slopes during the periods between breakpoints. First- and second-order autoregressive models are used in combination with each of the above. Goodness of fit of the models is evaluated using the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion. These models are applied to the instrumental record of global monthly temperature anomalies at the surface and to the radiosonde and satellite records for the troposphere and stratosphere. The alternative models often provide a better fit to the observations than the simple linear model. Typically the two top-performing models have very close values of the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion. Usually the two models have the same basic form and the same net temperature change but with a different choice of autoregressive model. However, in some cases the best fits are from two different basic models, yielding different net temperature changes and suggesting different interpretations of the nature of those changes. For the surface data during 1900-2002 the sloped steps and piecewise linear models offer the best fits. Results for tropospheric data suggest that it is reasonable to consider most of the warming during 1958-2001 to have occurred at the time of the abrupt climate regime shift in 1977. Two fundamentally different, but equally valid, descriptions of stratospheric cooling were found: gradual linear change versus more abrupt ratcheting down of temperature concentrated in postvolcanic periods (similar to2 years after eruption). Because models incorporating abrupt changes can be as explanatory as simple linear trends, we suggest consideration of these alternatives in climate change detection and attribution studies. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab RARL, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov; lanzante@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14108 DI 10.1029/2003JD004414 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 844VT UT WOS:000223189800002 ER PT J AU Castelletto, S Degiovanni, IP Migdall, A Ware, M AF Castelletto, S Degiovanni, IP Migdall, A Ware, M TI On the measurement of two-photon single-mode coupling efficiency in parametric down-conversion photon sources SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRACTICAL QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; PAIR COLLECTION; BELL THEOREM; STATES AB Photon-based quantum information schemes have increased the need for light sources that produce individual photons, with many such schemes relying on optical parametric down-conversion (PDC). Practical realizations of this technology require that the PDC light be collected into a single spatial mode defined by an optical fibre. In this paper, we present two possible models to describe single-mode fibres coupling with PDC light fields in a non-collinear configuration, leading to two different results. These approaches include factors such as crystal length and walk-off, non-collinear phase-matching and also transverse pump field distribution. We propose an experimental test to distinguish between the two models. The goal is to help clarify open issues, such as how to extend the theory beyond the simplest experimental arrangements and, more importantly, to suggest ways to improve the collection efficiency. C1 Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, I-10135 Turin, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Castelletto, S (reprint author), Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM castelle@ien.it; amigdall@nist.gov RI Castelletto, Stefania/C-7177-2011; castelletto, stefania/G-1516-2011; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013 OI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 87 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/087 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 841ZN UT WOS:000222971800003 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WH Pichel, WG Zou, CZ Clemente-Colon, P Zheng, W AF Li, XF Zheng, WH Pichel, WG Zou, CZ Clemente-Colon, P Zheng, W TI A cloud line over the Gulf Stream SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEA; CONVECTION; SENSITIVITY; SATELLITES; MODEL; BANDS AB A 1000 km long cloud-line over the major axis of the Gulf Stream was detected in imagery from a number of satellites on April 24, 2001. Analysis of environmental conditions shows that such a cloud-line is formed when the synoptic low-level wind is parallel to the Gulf Stream axis and the sky is clear, conditions that rarely occur in the high-temperature and high-moisture Gulf Stream region. The PSU-NCAR fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to study the cloud line. Results show that upward motion of the air in the middle of the Gulf Stream, caused by mesoscale solenoidal circulation induced by the large surface thermal gradient, is the source for the large cloud-line formation. This cloud-line formation mechanism is different from that of commonly observed ship cloud lines induced by ship-stack emissions, and its extent is much longer than that of cloud lines induced by lake effects. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, E-RA3,Rm 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 14 AR L14108 DI 10.1029/2004GL019892 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844TS UT WOS:000223183900002 ER PT J AU Ozolins, V Majzoub, EH Udovic, TJ AF Ozolins, V Majzoub, EH Udovic, TJ TI Electronic structure and Rietveld refinement parameters of Ti-doped sodium alanates SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage materials; hydrogen absorbing materials; metal hydrides; crystal structure; electronic structure; neutron diffraction; mechanical alloying; X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction; structural modeling; Rietveld refinement; electronic band structures; crystal bonding ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; HYDROGEN STORAGE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM; METALS AB The structure of Ti-doped sodium aluminum deuteride has been determined using Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data and compared to values for undoped NaAlD4 and NaAlH4. The refined lattice parameters for the tetragonal NaAlD4 structure are found to be a 5.010 Angstrom and c = 11.323 Angstrom, while those of the monoclinic Na3AlD6 structure are a = 5.402 Angstrom, b = 5.507 Angstrom, c = 7.725 Angstrom, and beta = 89.491degrees. Results of ab initio calculations of the lattice parameters are within a few percent of the Rietveld-refined values. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is found to produce significantly better agreement with the experimental data than the local-density approximation (LDA), which is attributed to a very inhomogeneous distribution of electronic density in the alanates. The Rietveld refinement, LDA, and GGA results for the Al-H bond length in NaAlD4 are 1.626, 1.634, and 1.631 Angstrom, respectively. Refined values of the Al-H bond lengths in Na3AlD6, are in agreement within 2% of earlier work on undoped Na3AlD6 [J. Alloy Comp. 299 (1-2) (2000) 10 1]. The calculated GGA formation energies for the decomposition reactions of NaAlD4 and Na3AlD6 are 33.5 and 49.9 kJ/mol of H-2, respectively. The corresponding LDA values are significantly higher: 44.6 and 70.3 kJ/mol of H-2. Comparison with the experimental enthalpy data suggests that the GGA results are in a very good agreement with the measured DeltaH [Proceedings of the 1999 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Peer Review, NREL/CP-570-26938; J. Alloy Comp. 302 (1-2) (2000) 36]. Detailed theoretical analyses of the electronic band structure, valence charge density distribution, and lattice bonding properties are given. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ozolins, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vidvuds@seas.ucla.edu; ehmajzo@sandia.gov; udovic@nist.gov RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 31 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 375 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.11.154 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 836GM UT WOS:000222543800002 ER PT J AU Sun, BM Bradley, RS AF Sun, BM Bradley, RS TI Reply to comment by N. D. Marsh and H. Svensmark on "Solar influences on cosmic rays and cloud formation: A reassessment'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material DE reply; cosmic ray; cloud formation ID AEROSOL FORMATION; CLIMATE C1 STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sun, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov; rbradley@geo.umass.edu RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14206 DI 10.1029/2003JD004479 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 844VS UT WOS:000223189600004 ER PT J AU Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Caspi, EN Jorgensen, JD Sheptyakov, DV Toby, BH Botez, CE Stephens, PW AF Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Caspi, EN Jorgensen, JD Sheptyakov, DV Toby, BH Botez, CE Stephens, PW TI Crystal and magnetic structure of the Ca3Mn2O7 Ruddlesden-Popper phase: neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LA2-2XCA1+2XMN2O7; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SPIN AB The crystallographic and magnetic structures of Ca3Mn2O7 Ruddlesden-Popper phase have been determined by a combination of neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Two-phase behaviour observed at room temperature is attributed to an incomplete structural phase transition. The magnetic structure was solved in the Cm'c2'(1) Shubnikov group with dominant G-type antiferromagnetic order in the perovskite bilayers. The temperature evolution of the structural and magnetic parameters is presented. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greenblatt, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Sheptyakov, Denis/F-5333-2016 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Sheptyakov, Denis/0000-0002-3001-6586 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 56 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 29 SI SI BP 5339 EP 5348 AR PII S0953-8984(04)75232-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/29/023 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847JT UT WOS:000223389200029 ER PT J AU Ciraci, S Dag, S Yildirim, T Gulseren, O Senger, RT AF Ciraci, S Dag, S Yildirim, T Gulseren, O Senger, RT TI Functionalized carbon nanotubes and device applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID NANOSCALE GRAPHITIC TUBULES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC WIRES; QUANTUM CONDUCTANCE; ENERGY GAPS; SEMICONDUCTING NANOTUBULES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB Carbon nanotubes, in which the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of graphene is transformed into a quasi-one-dimensional lattice by conserving the local bond arrangement, provide several structural parameters for engineering novel physical properties suitable for ultimate miniaturization. Recent interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology has driven a tremendous research activity in carbon nanotubes, which has dealt with a variety of problems and produced a number of new results. Most of the effort has gone into revealing various physical properties of nanotubes and functionalizing them in different ways. This paper covers a narrow region in this enormous research field and reviews only a limited number of recent studies which fit within its scope. First, we examine selected physical properties of bare carbon nanotubes, and then study how the mechanical and electronic properties of different tubes can be modified by radial strain, structural defects and adsorption of foreign atoms and molecules. Magnetization of carbon nanotubes by foreign atom adsorption has been of particular interest. Finally, we discuss specific device models as well as fabricated devices which exploit various properties of carbon nanotubes. C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. TUBITAK, UEKAE, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. RP Ciraci, S (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Senger, Tugrul/B-8207-2009 OI Senger, Tugrul/0000-0003-0800-1924 NR 216 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 29 SI SI BP R901 EP R960 AR PII S0953-8984(04)77483-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/29/R01 PG 60 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847JT UT WOS:000223389200017 ER PT J AU Xueref, I Gerbig, C Fridlind, A Lin, JC Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Ackerman, AS Smith, JE Sayres, D Vellovic, J Baumgardner, DG Wang, D Weinstock, E Andrews, AE Gottlieb, EW Anderson, JG AF Xueref, I Gerbig, C Fridlind, A Lin, JC Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Ackerman, AS Smith, JE Sayres, D Vellovic, J Baumgardner, DG Wang, D Weinstock, E Andrews, AE Gottlieb, EW Anderson, JG TI Combining a receptor-oriented framework for tracer distributions with a cloud-resolving model to study transport in deep convective clouds: Application to the NASA CRYSTAL-FACE campaign SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CO2; CONTINENT; WATER; TOOL AB Quantitative models of deep convection play a central role to improve understanding of weather, trace gas distributions, and radiative regime of the upper troposphere. Cloud-resolving models of deep convection are useful tools to simulate relevant processes. Observations of tracers such as CO2 can provide critical constraints on mass transport within these models. However, such measurements do not span the entire four-dimensional domain in space and time. We introduce a new method to improve tracer constraints on such models, combining a Receptor-Oriented Atmospheric Modeling (ROAM) framework with airborne and ground-based CO2 data. We illustrate the application of ROAM in generating initial and boundary conditions of CO2 for cloud-resolving model simulations, for a case study in the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign. Observations and model results were compared for CO2 profiles from the surface up to 16 km, inside and outside of a deep convective cloud. ROAM generated concentration fields that agreed within 0.5 ppm (1sigma) of observations outside the cloud. When ROAM-derived initial and boundary CO2 concentrations were fed to a state-of-the-art cloud-resolving model ( DHARMA), the combined modeling system successfully reproduced observed concentration differences, 0.2 - 0.8 ppm, between in-cloud and out-of-cloud air at 9 similar to 14 km. Results suggest that similar to 25% of air at 14 km was lifted through the convective system from the PBL. This study demonstrates the potential of the receptor-oriented framework to constrain redistribution of air within convective systems using CO2, and it points to the need for better coordinated tracer measurements in future field missions. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xueref, I (reprint author), CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Bat 711 Pte 2,Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM xueref@lsce.saclay.cea.fr RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 14 AR L14106 DI 10.1029/2004GL019811 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844TQ UT WOS:000223183700001 ER PT J AU Thomann, I Gagnon, E Jones, RJ Sandhu, AS Lytle, A Anderson, R Ye, J Murnane, M Kapteyn, H AF Thomann, I Gagnon, E Jones, RJ Sandhu, AS Lytle, A Anderson, R Ye, J Murnane, M Kapteyn, H TI Investigation of a grating-based stretcher/compressor for carrier-envelope phase stabilized fs pulses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; ATTOSECOND PULSES; COMPRESSION; SYSTEM; LIGHT; DYNAMICS AB In this work, we experimentally investigate the effect of a grating based pulse stretcher/compressor on the carrier-envelope phase stability of femtosecond pulses. Grating based stretcher-compressor (SC) setups have been avoided in past demonstrations of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) of carrier envelope phase (CEP) stabilized femtosecond pulses, because they were expected to introduce significantly stronger CEP fluctuations than material-based SC systems. Using a microstructure fiber-based detection setup, we measure CEP fluctuations of DeltaPhi(CE,SC) = 340 milliradians rms for a frequency range from 63 mHz to 102 kHz for pulses propagating through the SC setup. When bypassing the beam path through the SC, we find CEP fluctuations of. DeltaPhi(CE,bypass) = 250 milliradians rms. These values contain significant contributions from amplitude-to-phase conversion in our microstructure fiber-based detection setup for. DeltaPhi(CE). Hence, we do not unambiguously measure any added CEP noise intrinsic to the SC setup. To distinguish between intrinsic SC effects and amplitude-to-phase conversion, we introduce controlled beam pointing fluctuations Deltaalpha and again compare the phase noise introduced when passing through / bypassing the SC. Our measurements do not reveal any intrinsic effects of the SC system, but allow us to place an upper limit on the sensitivity of our SC system of DeltaPhi(CEintrinsic,SC)/Deltaalpha < 13000 rad/rad. Our results demonstrate experimentally that there is not a strong coupling mechanism between CEP and beam pointing through a stretcher/compressor, as well as measuring significantly smaller CEP fluctuations than experimental results reported previously. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thomann, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM isabell.thomann@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015; OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 15 BP 3493 EP 3499 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.003493 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 841DG UT WOS:000222908900024 PM 19483877 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Ping, F Li, XF Tao, WK AF Gao, ST Ping, F Li, XF Tao, WK TI A convective vorticity vector associated with tropical convection: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE convective vorticity vector; tropical convection; 2-D cloud model ID MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; PHASE-III; MESOSCALE; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; ORGANIZATION AB Although dry/moist potential vorticity (((xi) over right arrow).deltheta(e))/rho) is a useful physical quantity for meteorological analysis, it cannot be applied to the analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) simulations. A new vorticity vector ((xi) over right arrow )x deltheta(e))/rho (convective vorticity vector (CVV)) is introduced in this study to analyze 2-D cloud-resolving simulation data associated with 2-D tropical convection. The cloud model is forced by the vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature obtained from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) and is integrated for a selected 10-day period. The CVV has zonal and vertical components in the 2-D x-z frame. Analysis of zonally averaged and mass-integrated quantities shows that the correlation coefficient between the vertical component of the CVV and the sum of the cloud hydrometeor mixing ratios is 0.81, whereas the correlation coefficient between the zonal component and the sum of the mixing ratios is only 0.18. This indicates that the vertical component of the CVV is closely associated with tropical convection. The tendency equation for the vertical component of the CVV is derived and the zonally averaged and mass-integrated tendency budgets are analyzed. The tendency of the vertical component of the CVV is determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal gradient of cloud heating. The results demonstrate that the vertical component of the CVV is a cloud-linked parameter and can be used to study tropical convection. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn; pingf@mail.iap.ac.cn; xiaofan.li@noaa.gov; tao@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 NR 31 TC 71 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 24 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14106 DI 10.1029/2004JD004807 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841GC UT WOS:000222916600002 ER PT J AU Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Leibfried, D Chiaverini, J Britton, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Langer, C Wineland, DJ AF Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Leibfried, D Chiaverini, J Britton, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Langer, C Wineland, DJ TI Quantum dense coding with atomic qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; STATES AB We report the implementation of quantum dense coding on individual atomic qubits with the use of two trapped (9)Be(+) ions. The protocol is implemented with a complete Bell measurement that distinguishes the four operations used to encode two bits of classical information. We measure an average transmission fidelity of 0.85(1) and determine a channel capacity of 1.16(1). C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schaetz, T (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 29 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 4 AR 040505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.040505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 840KC UT WOS:000222856400008 PM 15323743 ER PT J AU Pichler, M Chen, HM Stwalley, WC AF Pichler, M Chen, HM Stwalley, WC TI Photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold Cs below the 6P(1/2) limit SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; MOLECULES; ATOMS; COLD; GAS; ENERGY; RB; NA AB We have performed high precision photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium gas. Using trap-loss fluorescence detection and controlling the background cesium pressure we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules with large detunings up to 56 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2)) + Cs(6P(1/2)) atomic asymptote. Vibrational progressions are assigned to 0(g)(-), 0(u)(+); and 1(g) long-range states. By fitting the spectral data to the LeRoy-Bernstein expression, the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interactions and the vibrational quantum number at dissociation are obtained. In addition we have observed spectral perturbations between states of the same symmetry belonging to different asymptotes (6P(1/2) and 6P(3/2)). The perturbations are manifested through irregular vibrational level spacings and are especially pronounced in the 0(u)(+) symmetry. Many observed, rotational levels indicate d- and higher partial wave contributions to the photoassociation cross section in the presence of trapping laser light, while spectral regions with only weak features suggest nodes in the lower state wave functions corresponding to the two ground state atoms asymptote. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Pichler, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM w.stwalley@uconn.edu NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1796 EP 1801 DI 10.1063/1.1767071 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 839KL UT WOS:000222783900017 PM 15260730 ER PT J AU Caliskan, G Mechtani, D Roh, JH Kisliuk, A Sokolov, AP Azzam, S Cicerone, MT Lin-Gibson, S Peral, I AF Caliskan, G Mechtani, D Roh, JH Kisliuk, A Sokolov, AP Azzam, S Cicerone, MT Lin-Gibson, S Peral, I TI Protein and solvent dynamics: How strongly are they coupled? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BOSON PEAK; GLASS-TRANSITION; TREHALOSE; TEMPERATURE; MYOGLOBIN; STABILIZATION; VISCOSITY; HYDRATION; STABILITY AB Analysis of Raman and neutron scattering spectra of lysozyme demonstrates that the protein dynamics follow the dynamics of the solvents glycerol and trehalose over the entire temperature range measured 100-350 K. The protein's fast conformational fluctuations and low-frequency vibrations and their temperature variations are very sensitive to behavior of the solvents. Our results give insight into previous counterintuitive observations that protein relaxation is stronger in solid trehalose than in liquid glycerol. They also provide insight into the effectiveness of glycerol as a biological cryopreservant. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Caliskan, G (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 40 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1978 EP 1983 DI 10.1063/1.1764491 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 839KL UT WOS:000222783900037 PM 15260750 ER PT J AU Tang, F Ajdelsztajn, L Kim, GE Provenzano, V Schoenung, JM AF Tang, F Ajdelsztajn, L Kim, GE Provenzano, V Schoenung, JM TI Effects of surface oxidation during HVOF processing on the primary stage oxidation of a CoNiCrAlY coating SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF); thermal barrier coating (TBC); bond coat; oxidation; CoNiCrAlY ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; MCRALY COATINGS; BOND COATINGS; PARTICLE-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; DEPOSITION; ALLOY; GROWTH AB Nanostructured CoNiCrAlY coating specimens, prepared from cryomilled powder, were deposited using HVOF thermal spraying. During the thermal spraying process some of the particles oxidized, resulting in a surface oxide on the coatings. In order to investigate the effects of this surface oxide on the subsequent oxidation behavior of the CoNiCrAlY coating, the surface oxide on some of the coating specimens was removed by polishing the surface with fine sandpaper. Both as-sprayed and polished specimens were isothermally oxidized at 1000 degreesC. It was found that the oxide scales that formed on the as-sprayed and polished coatings after 1 and 24 h oxidation were different, i.e. while a theta- and alpha-alumina duplex scale was formed on the polished coating, an oxide scale, containing spinel-type oxides, was formed on the as-sprayed coating. These findings indicate that the surface oxide that forms on a CoNiCrAlY coating during the HVOF thermal spray process can significantly affect its subsequent oxidation behavior. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Perpetual Technol, Montreal, PQ H3E 1T8, Canada. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ftang@ucdavis.edu NR 22 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUL 22 PY 2004 VL 185 IS 2-3 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.11.020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 836NX UT WOS:000222563700015 ER PT J AU Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Neuman, JA Holloway, JS Cooper, OR Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Flocke, F Roberts, JM Atlas, E de Gouw, JA Donnelly, S Dunlea, E Hubler, G Huey, LG Schauffler, S Tanner, DJ Warneke, C Fehsenfeld, FC AF Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Neuman, JA Holloway, JS Cooper, OR Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Flocke, F Roberts, JM Atlas, E de Gouw, JA Donnelly, S Dunlea, E Hubler, G Huey, LG Schauffler, S Tanner, DJ Warneke, C Fehsenfeld, FC TI Gas-phase chemical characteristics of Asian emission plumes observed during ITCT 2K2 over the eastern North Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE intercontinental transport; reactive nitrogen; emission plumes; ITCT 2K2 ID REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ALKYL NITRATES; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BACKGROUND OZONE AB [1] The gas-phase chemical characteristics of emission plumes transported from Asia across the Pacific Ocean observed during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment in 2002 (ITCT 2K2) are described. Plumes measured in the troposphere from an aircraft were separated from the background air in data analysis using 1-s measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NOy), and other gas-phase species along with back trajectory analysis. On the basis of these measurements, Asian transport plumes with CO mixing ratios greater than 150 ppbv were observed on seven flights. Correlations between 1-s observations of CO, ozone (O-3), and NOy are used to characterize the plumes. The NOy/CO ratios were similar in each plume and significantly lower than those derived from estimated Asian emission ratios, indicating substantial removal of soluble NOy species during transport. Observations of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and alkyl nitrates are used with the NOy measurements to further distinguish the transport plumes by their NOy partitioning. NOy was primarily in the form of PAN in plumes that were transported in cold high-latitude and high-altitude regions, whereas in plumes transported in warmer, lower latitude and altitude regions, NOy was mainly HNO3. Additional gas-phase species enhanced in these plumes include sulfuric acid, methanol, acetone, propane, and ethane. The O-3/CO ratio varied among the plumes and was affected by the mixing of anthropogenic and stratospheric influences. The complexity of this mixing prevents the determination of the relative contribution of anthropogenic and stratospheric influences to the observed O-3 levels. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Chem, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL-7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jnowak@al.noaa.gov; dparrish@al.noaa.gov; neuman@al.noaa.gov; jholloway@al.noaa.gov; cooper@al.noaa.gov; tryerson@al.noaa.gov; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; jr@al.noaa.gov; eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu; jdegouw@al.noaa.gov; edunlea@al.noaa.gov; ghubler@al.noaa.gov; greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; sues@acd.ucar.edu; david.tanner@eas.gatech.edu; cwarneke@al.noaa.gov; fcf@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 64 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S19 DI 10.1029/2003JD004488 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841GF UT WOS:000222917000003 ER PT J AU Price, HU Jaffe, DA Cooper, OR Doskey, PV AF Price, HU Jaffe, DA Cooper, OR Doskey, PV TI Photochemistry, ozone production, and dilution during long-range transport episodes from Eurasia to the northwest United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE long-range transport; photochemistry; Pacific ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TROPOSPHERIC OH; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ACE-ASIA; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; DUST AEROSOL; TRACE-P; O-3; CO; EMISSIONS AB [1] On the basis of observations from the 1997 - 2002 Photochemical Ozone Budget of the Northeast Pacific (PHOBEA) experiments, we have identified 11 transpacific long-range transport (LRT) episodes, which contain significantly elevated levels of CO, O-3, and aerosol scattering. The LRT episodes were determined from aircraft and ground-based observations of CO, O3, aerosol scattering coefficient, and 281 whole air samples analyzed for nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC). The ratio of excess O3 to excess CO (DeltaO(3)/DeltaCO) for the 11 LRT episodes ranged from - 0.06 to 1.52. Lower DeltaO(3)/DeltaCO ratios (< 0.10) are characteristic of LRT episodes transported in the boundary layer or in the presence of substantial mineral dust. These events lack O3 enhancements, even though O3 precursors ( CO, NMHCs) are elevated. Ratios of Delta O-3/Delta CO of 0.2 - 0.5 are characteristic of LRT episodes of industrial and/or biomass burning where excess CO is coincident with expected excesses in O-3. High Delta O-3/Delta CO ratios (> 0.50) are found in LRT episodes transported higher in the free troposphere and are probably due to a mixing of LRT pollution plumes with ozone-rich upper tropospheric air. Using PHOBEA observations, backward trajectories, and data from other experiments in the North Pacific (TRACE-P, ACE-Asia, PEM-West B) we calculate OH concentrations using two different methods. For the LRT episodes we obtain mean OH concentrations between 1.9 x 10(5) and 1.3 x 10(6) molecules cm(-3). We also present a method using dispersion models and observations to calculate the rate of dilution, k(dil), with background air during LRT. A low k(dil) indicates less mixing with background air during transport, while a high value represents more entrainment with background air. For the April 2001 LRT episode we calculate a mean kdil of 0.010 +/- 0.004 hr(-1) and an OH radical concentration of 2 x 10(5) molecules cm(-3). On the basis of these calculations we find that the large mineral dust transport episode, which took place in April 2001, was associated with the lowest OH concentration of the 11 episodes considered, implicating a strong role for heterogeneous chemistry during LRT. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hprice@u.washington.edu; djaffe@u.washington.edu; ocooper@al.noaa.gov; pvdoskey@anl.gov RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S13 DI 10.1029/2003JD004400 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841GF UT WOS:000222917000001 ER PT J AU Chen, CS Wang, LX Ji, RB Budd, JW Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D Fahnenstiel, GL Vanderploeg, H Eadie, B Cotner, J AF Chen, CS Wang, LX Ji, RB Budd, JW Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D Fahnenstiel, GL Vanderploeg, H Eadie, B Cotner, J TI Impacts of suspended sediment on the ecosystem in Lake Michigan: A comparison between the 1998 and 1999 plume events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem dynamics; physical and biological interaction; lower trophic level food web ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BACTERIOPLANKTON; RESUSPENSION; PLANKTON; GROWTH; MODEL; NUTRIENTS; BACTERIA AB The impact of a reflective, recurrent coastal resuspension plume on the lower trophic food web system in Lake Michigan was examined using a 3-D coupled physical and biological model. Numerical experiments were conducted for the March 1998 and 1999 plume events. The comparison between modeling results of these 2 years shows that the spatial distributions of the biological fields (i.e., phosphorus, phytoplankton, detritus, etc.) were closely coupled to the physical environment associated with wind-induced three-dimensional circulation and mixing. The influence of suspended sediment plumes on the lake ecosystem was reflected in heterotrophic (secondary) production rather than in the autotrophic (primary) production. Nutrients were maintained through nutrient release from suspended sediments within the plume, while it was supplied by current advection and diffusion in the interior. The cross-shore flux of nutrients was driven by episodic wind events with a period of about 5-7 days. The flux was offshore during northerly winds and onshore during southerly winds. Comparisons between energy fluxes among biological variables suggest that the microbial loop (detritus-heterotrophic bacteria and microzooplankton) played an important role in the ecosystem dynamics during plume events. Bacteria were good competitors with phytoplankton for inorganic phosphorus and were also a key supporter for growth of microzooplankton inside and outside the plume. As a result, the lower food web system could be divided into two decoupled loops: (1) detritus-bacteria-microzooplankton-large zooplankton and (2) nutrient-phytoplankton-detritus. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Chen, CS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM clchen@umassd.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C10 AR C10S05 DI 10.1029/2002JC001687 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 841GH UT WOS:000222917200001 ER PT J AU Chen, CS Wang, LX Qi, JH Liu, HD Budd, JW Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D Vanderploeg, H Eadie, B Johengen, T Cotner, J Lavrentyev, PJ AF Chen, CS Wang, LX Qi, JH Liu, HD Budd, JW Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D Vanderploeg, H Eadie, B Johengen, T Cotner, J Lavrentyev, PJ TI A modeling study of benthic detritus flux's impacts on heterotrophic processes in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE microbial food web; Pelagic coupling; coupled biological and physical model ID WAVE PREDICTION MODEL; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; DYNAMICS AB Effects of sediment resuspension-induced benthic detrital flux on the heterotrophic part of the microbial food web in Lake Michigan were examined using a three-dimensional (3-D) coupled biological and physical model. The model was driven by the realistic meteorological forcing observed in March 1999. Wind-induced surface wave dynamics were incorporated into the physical model to generate the bottom flux. The model-generated benthic detrital flux was assumed to be proportional to the difference between model-calculated and critical stresses at the bottom. The model results indicate that detrital flux at the bottom was a key factor causing a significant increase of phosphorus and detritus concentrations in the nearshore region of the springtime plume. Inside the plume the sediment-resuspended bottom detritus flux could directly enhance heterotrophic production, while outside the plume, detrital flux from river discharge might have a direct contribution to the high abundance of bacteria and microzooplankton in the nearshore region. Model-data comparison on cross-shore transects near Chicago, Gary, St. Joseph, and Racine suggests that other physical and biological processes may play a comparative role as the bottom detritus flux in terms of the spatial distribution of bacteria and microzoplankton. A more complete microbial food web model needs to be developed to simulate the heterotrophic process in southern Lake Michigan. C1 Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Chen, CS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM clchen@umassd.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C10 AR C10S11 DI 10.1029/2002JC001689 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 841GH UT WOS:000222917200002 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Ehlers, G Wills, AS Bramwell, ST Gardner, JS AF Stewart, JR Ehlers, G Wills, AS Bramwell, ST Gardner, JS TI Phase transitions, partial disorder and multi-k structures in Gd2Ti2O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; ORDER AB The geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet Gd2Ti2O7 exhibits magnetic behaviour of such complexity that it poses a challenge to both experiment and theory. Magnetic ordering commences at T-N = 1.1 K and there is a further magnetic phase transition at T' = 0.7 K. Here we use neutron diffraction to definitively establish the nature of the phase transition at T' and the magnetic structure adopted below this temperature. Between T' and T-N the structure is partly ordered, as previously reported. Below T' the remaining spins order, but only weakly. The magnetic structure in this temperature range is shown to be a 4-k structure, closely related to the 1-k structure previously suggested. The 4-k and 1-k variants of the structure are distinguished by analysis of the diffuse scattering, which we believe represents a new method of solving the 'multi-k' problem of magnetic structure determination. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI Wills, Andrew/C-1622-2008; Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; D20, Diffractometer/O-3123-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; D20, Diffractometer/0000-0002-1572-1367; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X NR 18 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 28 BP L321 EP L326 AR PII S0953-8984(04)77574-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/28/L01 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842PV UT WOS:000223017300001 ER PT J AU Hollis, JM Jewell, PR Lovas, FJ Remijan, A Mollendal, H AF Hollis, JM Jewell, PR Lovas, FJ Remijan, A Mollendal, H TI Green Bank Telescope detection of new interstellar aldehydes: Propenal and propanal SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Sagittarius B2(N-LMH)); ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; GALACTIC-CENTER; GLYCOLALDEHYDE; MOLECULES; SUGARS; ICES AB The new interstellar molecules propenal (CH2CHCHO) and propanal (CH3CH2CHO) have been detected largely in absorption toward the star-forming region Sagittarius B2(N) by means of rotational transitions observed with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) operating in the range from 18 GHz (lambda similar to 1.7 cm) to 26 GHz (lambda similar to 1.2 cm). The GBT was also used to observe the previously reported interstellar aldehyde propynal (HC2CHO) 1.2 in Sagittarius B2(N), which is a known source of large molecules presumably formed on interstellar grains. The presence of these three interstellar aldehydes toward Sagittarius B2( N) strongly suggests that simple hydrogen addition on interstellar grains accounts for successively larger molecular species: from propynal to propenal and from propenal to propanal. Energy sources within Sagittarius B2( N) likely permit the hydrogen addition reactions on grain surfaces to proceed. This work demonstrates that successive hydrogen addition is probably an important chemistry route in the formation of a number of complex interstellar molecules. We also searched for but did not detect the three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde (CH2OHCHOHCHO). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space & Earth Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Hollis, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space & Earth Data Comp Div, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 19 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/423200 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GM UT WOS:000222701500006 ER PT J AU McCaffery, SJ McKeen, SA Hsie, EY Parrish, DD Cooper, OR Holloway, JS Hubler, G Fehsenfeld, FC Trainer, M AF McCaffery, SJ McKeen, SA Hsie, EY Parrish, DD Cooper, OR Holloway, JS Hubler, G Fehsenfeld, FC Trainer, M TI A case study of stratosphere-troposphere exchange during the 1996 North Atlantic Regional Experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE STE; NARE; modeling ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; TROPOPAUSE FOLD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE OZONE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; SIMULATION AB Passive tracers are employed in a relatively high spatial and temporal resolution three-dimensional transport model to analyze a stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) event over the eastern United States and western North Atlantic Ocean. The model is validated against measurements taken on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D Orion aircraft during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment study in the spring of 1996. Overall, the model reproduces the measurements well during the early part of the flight where there is indication of a small stratospheric intrusion. However, the very strong signatures of STE and mixing contained in the measurements later in the flight are not captured. Use of a finer horizontal resolution ( 20 km as opposed to 60 km) brings the model results closer to the aircraft measurements and yields higher values (50% at 7-8 km altitude) of ozone, O-3, with a deeper penetration into the troposphere (20% at 80-120 ppbv levels). C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Geomega Inc, 2995 Baseline Rd 202, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM susan@geomega.com; stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov; eirhyu.hsie@noaa.gov; david.d.parrish@noaa.gov; owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov; john.s.holloway@noaa.gov; gerhard.hubler@noaa.gov; fred.c.fehsenfeld@noaa.gov; michael.k.trainer@noaa.gov RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D14 AR D14103 DI 10.1029/2003JD004007 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841FZ UT WOS:000222916300001 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA Batteas, JD Garno, JC Marquez, M Richter, CA Richter, LJ van Zee, RD Zangmeister, CD AF Hacker, CA Batteas, JD Garno, JC Marquez, M Richter, CA Richter, LJ van Zee, RD Zangmeister, CD TI Structural and chemical characterization of monofluoro-substituted oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) thiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; PHENYLENE ETHYNYLENE OLIGOMERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RIGID BIPHENYL THIOLS; X-RAY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR WIRES; SILVER SURFACES; AU(111) AB Monolayers of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) molecules have exhibited promise in molecular electronic test structures. This paper discusses films formed from a novel molecule within this class, 2-fluoro-4-phenylethynyl-1-[(4-acetylthio)phenylethynyl]benzene (F-OPE). The conditions of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation were systematically altered to fabricate reproducible high-quality molecular monolayers from the acetate-protected F-OPE molecule. Detailed characterization of the F-OPE monolayers was performed by using an array of surface probes, including reflection absorbance infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), contact angle (CA) measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XPS and RAIRS established that the SAM formed without removal of the F substituent and without oxidation of the thiol. The monolayer thickness, determined from SE and AFM based nanolithography, was consistent with the formation of a densely packed monolayer. The valence electronic structure of the SAM was consistent with an aromatic structure shifted by the electron-withdrawing fluorine substituent and intermolecular coupling within an oriented array of molecules. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Batteas, James/D-4144-2015; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 15 BP 6195 EP 6205 DI 10.1021/la036445t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 837VS UT WOS:000222669800020 PM 15248703 ER PT J AU Cremer, JT Piestrup, MA Gary, CK Pantell, RH Glinka, CJ AF Cremer, JT Piestrup, MA Gary, CK Pantell, RH Glinka, CJ TI Biological imaging with a neutron microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A simple microscope employing a compound refractive lens (CRL) composed of 100 biconcave lenses was used to image a biological sample with a 9.4x magnification using 10 A cold neutrons. The microscope's resolution, 0.5 mm, was primarily determined by the neutron detector 5.0 mm pixel size. Unlike previous work the CRL's field of view was large (44 mm) and increased as the distance between the exit of neutron-waveguide and the specimen decreased. Short source-to-specimen distances allowed the 1.2-cm-diam CRL to view a biological sample with this field of view. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Adelphi Technol Inc, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cremer, JT (reprint author), Adelphi Technol Inc, 981-B Ind Rd, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. EM ted@adelphitech.com NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 494 EP 496 DI 10.1063/1.1774254 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 837ZO UT WOS:000222680400049 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Cooper, OR Warneke, C Hudson, PK Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Hubler, G Nicks, DK Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Atlas, EL Donnelly, SG Schauffler, SM Stroud, V Johnson, K Carmichael, GR Streets, DG AF de Gouw, JA Cooper, OR Warneke, C Hudson, PK Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Hubler, G Nicks, DK Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Atlas, EL Donnelly, SG Schauffler, SM Stroud, V Johnson, K Carmichael, GR Streets, DG TI Chemical composition of air masses transported from Asia to the U. S. West Coast during ITCT 2K2: Fossil fuel combustion versus biomass-burning signatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE long-range transport; fossil-fuel combustion; biomass burning ID CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SPECTROMETRY PTR-MS; NORTH-AMERICA; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; TRACE GASES AB [1] As part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment in 2002 (ITCT 2K2), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft was used to study the long-range transport of Asian air masses toward the west coast of North America. During research flights on 5 and 17 May, strong enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO) and other species were observed in air masses that had been transported from Asia. The hydrocarbon composition of the air masses indicated that the highest CO levels were related to fossil fuel use. During the flights on 5 and 17 May and other days, the levels of several biomass-burning indicators increased with altitude. This was true for acetonitrile (CH3CN), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), the ratio of acetylene (C2H2) to propane (C3H8), and, on May 5, the percentage of particles measured by the particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry (PALMS) instrument that were attributed to biomass burning based on their carbon and potassium content. An ensemble of back-trajectories, calculated from the U.S. west coast over a range of latitudes and altitudes for the entire ITCT 2K2 period, showed that air masses from Southeast Asia and China were generally observed at higher altitudes than air from Japan and Korea. Emission inventories estimate the contribution of biomass burning to the total emissions to be low for Japan and Korea, higher for China, and the highest for Southeast Asia. Combined with the origin of the air masses versus altitude, this qualitatively explains the increase with altitude, averaged over the whole ITCT 2K2 period, of the different biomass-burning indicators. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jdegouw@al.noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 51 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S20 DI 10.1029/2003JD004202 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839PX UT WOS:000222798100001 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R McGillis, W Carr, ME Cosca, CE AF Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R McGillis, W Carr, ME Cosca, CE TI Effects of wind speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; air-sea exchange; gas exchange ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PCO2 MEASUREMENTS; PCO(2); WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; SALINITY AB [1] During the recent GasEx-2001 cruise in the Equatorial Pacific aboard the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, carbon measurements were made in the region of 3 degreesS, 125 degreesW. Continuous surface water fCO(2) measurements were conducted onboard in both underway and discrete analysis modes. During the 15-day experiment, surface water fCO(2) values averaged 473 +/- 2 muatm, providing a constant condition of supersaturation and flux of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere. The relationship of gas transfer with wind speed developed in this study is used along with regional estimates of air-water fCO(2) differences to determine CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific. The regional fCO(2) fields are estimated from algorithms developed from previous measurements collected on the Ronald H. Brown and Ka'imimoana over the past 10 years between 5 degreesN and 10 degreesS, 90 degreesW and 165 degreesE. Using the W. McGillis et al. gas transfer-wind speed relationship, we estimate an average flux of 1.5 +/- 0.4 mol C m(-2) yr(-1) for the study region, with a six-fold difference in the regional efflux of CO2 between the strong El Nino events of 1986 - 1987 and 1997 - 1998 and the La Nina events of 1996 and 1999 - 2001 (i.e., 0.1 to 0.56 Pg C yr(-1)). The combined effects of uncertainties in the gas transfer velocity and wind fields lead to average difference of 27% between the lowest and highest estimates of the CO2 flux from the region. In contrast, the uncertainties in the fCO(2)-SST relationships give an average difference of about 35% between the lowest and highest estimates of the CO2 flux. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Bin C15700,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; wrm2102@columbia.edu; mec@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov; cathy.cosca@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S03 DI 10.1029/2003JC001896 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839QC UT WOS:000222798600003 ER PT J AU Hare, JE Fairall, CW McGillis, WR Edson, JB Ward, B Wanninkhof, R AF Hare, JE Fairall, CW McGillis, WR Edson, JB Ward, B Wanninkhof, R TI Evaluation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Coupled-Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment (NOAA/COARE) air-sea gas transfer parameterization using GasEx data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE air-sea interaction; air-sea flux; air-gas transfer ID CO2 FLUXES; WIND-SPEED; COOL-SKIN; EXCHANGE; WAVES; DISSIPATION AB [1] During the two recent GasEx field experiments, direct covariance measurements of air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes were obtained over the open ocean. Concurrently, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Coupled-Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment air-sea gas transfer parameterization was developed to predict gas transfer velocities from measurements of the bulk state of the sea surface and atmosphere. The model output is combined with measurements of the mean air and sea surface carbon dioxide fugacities to provide estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux, and the model is then tuned to the GasEx-1998 data set. Because of differences in the local environment and possibly because of weaknesses in the model, some discrepancies are observed between the predicted fluxes from the GasEx-1998 and GasEx-2001 cases. To provide an estimate of the contribution to the air-sea flux of gas due to wave-breaking processes, the whitecap and bubble parameterizations are removed from the model output. These results show that moderate ( approximately 15 m s(-1)) wind speed breaking wave gas transfer processes account for a fourfold increase in the flux over the modeled interfacial processes. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Clouds Radiat & Surface Proc Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hare, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jeffrey.hare@colorado.edu; chris.fairall@noaa.gov; wmcgillis@whoi.edu; jedson@whoi.edu; bward@whoi.edu; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S11 DI 10.1029/2003JC001831 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839QC UT WOS:000222798600002 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Sabine, CL McTaggart, KE Hummon, JM AF Johnson, GC Sabine, CL McTaggart, KE Hummon, JM TI Physical oceanographic conditions during GasEx-2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE equatorial Pacific; upper ocean; mixed layer ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL VELOCITY; MIXED-LAYER; EL-NINO; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; MODEL; WATER AB [1] GasEx-2001 is a study of air-sea gas exchange in a region of CO2 outgassing. The bulk of the experiment followed a drifting array of near-surface instruments deployed during the second half of February 2001 just south of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean. Physical oceanographic conditions including local currents, the seasonal cycle, Kelvin waves, and tropical instability waves are described using shipboard data and a variety of other data sources to set the large-scale oceanographic context for GasEx-2001. Local physical oceanographic conditions during GasEx-2001 are then analyzed using shipboard data and a simple one-dimensional mixed layer model. The thermocline shoals about 13 m over the 15-day experiment, implying an upwelling rate of 1 x 10(-5) m s(-1). Zonal velocity is surface-intensified and westward, with vertical shear mostly through the thermocline. Meridional velocity is also strongly sheared with a maximum equatorward flow in the thermocline that is much reduced by 17-m depth. The mixed layer model exhibits more near-surface warming over the course of the experiment than is observed. Prescribing upwelling in the model closes the heat budget within error estimates. Entrainment at the base of the mixed layer plays a limited role in the mixed layer budgets of carbon and other water properties. Vertical shear of horizontal velocity within the mixed layer and slippage of the array through the surface water also have small ( but uncertain) roles in these budgets. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S04 DI 10.1029/2002JC001718 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839QC UT WOS:000222798600001 ER PT J AU Pikitch, EK Santora, C Babcock, EA Bakun, A Bonfil, R Conover, DO Dayton, P Doukakis, P Fluharty, D Heneman, B Houde, ED Link, J Livingston, PA Mangel, M McAllister, MK Pope, J Sainsbury, KJ AF Pikitch, EK Santora, C Babcock, EA Bakun, A Bonfil, R Conover, DO Dayton, P Doukakis, P Fluharty, D Heneman, B Houde, ED Link, J Livingston, PA Mangel, M McAllister, MK Pope, J Sainsbury, KJ TI Ecosystem-based fishery management SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PERSPECTIVE; STRATEGIES; IMPACTS C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10022 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Commonweal Ocean Policy Program, Bolinas, CA 94924 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fishery Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BP, England. Natl Res Council Europe Ltd, Norfolk NR34 OBT, England. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Pikitch, EK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10022 USA. EM epikitch@rsmas.miami.edu RI Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013; Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012; Bonfil, Ramon/K-1226-2012; OI Bakun, Andrew/0000-0002-4366-3846 NR 25 TC 842 Z9 886 U1 17 U2 244 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5682 BP 346 EP 347 DI 10.1126/science.1098222 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837TE UT WOS:000222662400022 PM 15256658 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Sabine, CL Lee, K Berelson, W Kleypas, J Fabry, VJ Millero, FJ AF Feely, RA Sabine, CL Lee, K Berelson, W Kleypas, J Fabry, VJ Millero, FJ TI Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; CALCIFICATION; FLUXES; SEA; DISSOLUTION; DIOXIDE AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the saturation state of the oceans with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Here we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data, and we also discuss the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on CaCO3 shell forming species. CaCO3 dissolution rates, ranging from 0.003 to 1.2 micromoles per kilogram per year, are observed beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate for the global oceans is approximately 0.5 +/- 0.2 petagrams of CaCO3-C per year, which is approximately 45 to 65% of the export production of CaCO3. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Environm & Soc Impacts Grp, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.a.feely@noaa.gov RI Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 NR 51 TC 996 Z9 1054 U1 64 U2 696 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5682 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1126/science.1097329 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837TE UT WOS:000222662400029 PM 15256664 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Feely, RA Gruber, N Key, RM Lee, K Bullister, JL Wanninkhof, R Wong, CS Wallace, DWR Tilbrook, B Millero, FJ Peng, TH Kozyr, A Ono, T Rios, AF AF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Gruber, N Key, RM Lee, K Bullister, JL Wanninkhof, R Wong, CS Wallace, DWR Tilbrook, B Millero, FJ Peng, TH Kozyr, A Ono, T Rios, AF TI The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RED-SEA; WATER; INVENTORY; CACO3 AB Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for similar to48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 +/- 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Climate Chem Lab, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Forsch Bereich Marine Biochem, IFM,GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. CSIRO, Marine Res & Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, US Dept Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Global Change Res, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Minato Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 1050013, Japan. CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo 36208, Spain. RP NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827 NR 23 TC 1525 Z9 1625 U1 64 U2 768 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5682 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1126/science.1097403 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837TE UT WOS:000222662400030 PM 15256665 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R Sullivan, KF Top, Z AF Wanninkhof, R Sullivan, KF Top, Z TI Air-sea gas transfer in the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE CO2; Southern Ocean; tracers; air-sea gas exchange ID IRON FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT; WIND-SPEED; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; TRANSFER VELOCITY; CO2 FLUXES; EXCHANGE; TRACER; PARAMETERIZATION; COEFFICIENT; MODELS AB Gas transfer velocities were determined in the Southern Ocean during the Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization experiment (SOFex) using the dual deliberate tracer technique. The decrease of the purposefully injected tracers, sulfur hexafluoride and helium-3, could be well described by gas exchange parameterizations with wind speed that satisfy global constraints based on bomb-C-14 uptake. The concentration decrease of tracers could be predicted slightly better with established relationships if gas transfer was modeled as a function of the cube rather than the square of the wind speed, particularly over a time interval with high and variable winds. However, both fits can model the concentration decrease within the uncertainty of the observations. This suggests that it will be singularly difficult to definitively determine if a quadratic or cubic dependence of gas exchange with wind is more appropriate based on deliberate tracer measurements. However, these results show that gas exchange rates in the Southern Ocean are not anomalous when compared with the rest of the ocean. Thus this cannot account for discrepancy between observational and model-based estimates of uptake of CO2 in the Southern Ocean. Using a high-quality wind speed field obtained from the QuikSCAT satellite Seawinds scatterometer and an established surface water pCO(2) climatology, the CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean (> 34degreesS) is reassessed. The total uptake rates are similar to previous observation-based estimates, but the analysis shows that the uptake rate is sensitive to wind speed product used and the wind speed distribution. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov; ztop@umigw.miami.edu NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S19 DI 10.1029/2003JC001767 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839QB UT WOS:000222798500001 ER PT J AU Ellrod, GP AF Ellrod, GP TI Impact on volcanic ash detection caused by the loss of the 12.0 mu m "split window" band on GOES imagers SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE volcanic ash; aerosols; remote sensing; aviation hazards; multi-spectral imaging ID TRANSFORMATION; FEATURES; MODIS AB Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager and Sounder data were evaluated to determine the potential effects of volcanic ash detection without the use of a 12 mum infrared (IR) band, on GOES-M (12) through Q (a period of at least 10 years). Principal component analysis (PCA) images with and without 12 mum IR data were compared subjectively for six weak to moderate eruptions using pattern recognition techniques, and objectively by determining a false detection rate parameter. GOES Sounder data were also evaluated in a few instances to assess any potential contributions from the new 13.3 mum Imager band. Results indicated that, during periods of daylight, there was little apparent difference in the quality of IR detection without the 12 mum IR, likely due to a maximum in solar reflectance of silicate ash in a shortwave IR (SWIR) band centered near 3.9 mum. At night when SWIR reflectance diminished, the ash detection capability appeared to be significantly worse, evidenced by increased ambiguity between volcanic ash and meteorological clouds or surface features. The possible effects of this degradation on aviation operations are discussed. The new 13.3 mum IR band on GOES has the capability to help distinguish ash from cirrus clouds, but not from low level clouds consisting of water droplets. Multi-spectral data from higher resolution polar orbiting satellites may also be used to supplement analyses from lower resolution GOES for long-lived ash cloud events. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments appear to be the best options in accomplishing this, with additional satellite missions becoming available later in the decade. In summary, it will still be possible to observe and track significant volcanic ash clouds in the GOES-M through Q era (2003-2012) without the benefit of 12 mum IR data, but with some degradation that will be most significant at night. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ellrod, GP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM gary.ellrod@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2003.12.009 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 836FQ UT WOS:000222541500006 ER PT J AU Davis, E Becker, K Dziak, R Cassidy, J Wang, K Lilley, M AF Davis, E Becker, K Dziak, R Cassidy, J Wang, K Lilley, M TI Hydrological response to a seafloor spreading episode on the Juan de Fuca ridge SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE TRANSIENTS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; EVENT; DEFORMATION; ERUPTION AB Seafloor hydrothermal systems are known to respond to seismic and magmatic activity along mid-ocean ridges, often resulting in locally positive changes in hydrothermal discharge rate, temperature and microbial activity, and shifts in composition occurring at the time of earthquake swarms and axial crustal dike injections(1-10). Corresponding regional effects have also been observed(11). Here we present observations of a hydrological response to seafloor spreading activity, which resulted in a negative formation-fluid pressure transient during and after an earthquake swarm in the sediment-sealed igneous crust of the Middle Valley rift of the northernmost Juan de Fuca ridge. The observations were made with a borehole seal and hydrologic observatory originally established in 1991 to study the steady-state pressure and temperature conditions in this hydrothermally active area(12,13). The magnitude of the co-seismic response is consistent with the elastic strain that would be expected from the associated earthquakes, but the prolonged negative pressure transient after the swarm is surprising and suggests net co-seismic dilatation of the upper, permeable igneous crust. The rift valley was visited four weeks after the onset of the seismic activity, but no signature of increased hydrothermal activity was detected in the water column. It appears that water, not magma, filled the void left by this spreading episode. C1 Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Davis, E (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM edavis@nrcan.gc.ca NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6997 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1038/nature02755 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837LG UT WOS:000222631200037 PM 15254534 ER PT J AU Kepa, H Van Khoi, L Brown, CM Dietl, T Furdyna, JK Giebultowicz, TM AF Kepa, H Van Khoi, L Brown, CM Dietl, T Furdyna, JK Giebultowicz, TM TI Determination of hole-induced ferromagnetic Mn-Mn exchange in p-type Zn1-xMnxTe by inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS 2003) CY SEP 03-06, 2003 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP European Neutron Round Table, French Minist Rech, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energ Atom, Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Agglomerat Montpellier, Univ Montpellier II DE inelastic neutron scattering; magnetic semiconductors ID MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS AB Direct determination of the hole-induced ferromagnetic contribution to the nearest-neighbor (NN) Mn-Mn exchange interaction in Zn1-xMnxTe is reported. The difference in the NN exchange constants for insulating and strongly p-type specimens was found by comparing the spectra of inelastic magnetic neutron scattering from isolated NN spin pairs in the samples. Our results are in good agreement with the predictions of a Zener/RKKY model, and thus indicate that the ferromagnetic exchange is mediated by weakly localized holes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Giebultowicz, TM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, 301 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tgiebult@physics.orst.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Dietl, Tomasz /C-9537-2013 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Dietl, Tomasz /0000-0003-1090-4380 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.04.053 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845ZZ UT WOS:000223285700008 ER PT J AU Kreyssig, A Stockert, O Reznik, D Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Reichardt, W Souptel, D Behr, G Loewenhaupt, M AF Kreyssig, A Stockert, O Reznik, D Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Reichardt, W Souptel, D Behr, G Loewenhaupt, M TI Low-energy phonons in TbNi2B2C and HoNi2B2C SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS 2003) CY SEP 03-06, 2003 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP European Neutron Round Table, French Minist Rech, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energ Atom, Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Agglomerat Montpellier, Univ Montpellier II DE borocarbides; phonons; neutron inelastic scattering; electron-phonon interaction ID SUPERCONDUCTING LUNI2B2C; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC ORDER; SOFT PHONONS; RNI(2)B(2)C AB We report inelastic neutron-scattering experiments on RNi2B2C single crystals (R-Tb and Ho) to investigate the dispersion of low-energy phonons. Both compounds order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. For superconducting HoNi2B2C we observe a strong softening of two phonon branches similar to other superconducting RNi2B2C compounds. In contrast, for the non-superconducting TbNi2B2C we could not detect significant changes in the phonon spectra as a function of temperature. This correlation between superconductivity and the observed phonon softening indicates a strong electron-phonon interaction and strongly supports the BCS-like description of these compounds. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. CEA Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IFP, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Kreyssig, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM A.Kreyssig@physik.tu-dresden.de NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.256 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845ZZ UT WOS:000223285700017 ER PT J AU Boukari, H Chernomordik, V Krueger, S Nossal, R Sackett, DL AF Boukari, H. Chernomordik, V. Krueger, S. Nossal, R. Sackett, D. L. TI Small-angle neutron scattering studies of tubulin ring polymers SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Neutron scattering; Tubulin rings AB We applied SANS to study nanoscale structures formed from tubulin and either of two similar peptides, cryptophycin1 and dolastatin10. A simple bead ring model adequately describes the cryptophycin-tubulin data, indicating high monodispersity and non-association of the rings. In contrast, dolastatin-tubulin samples show secondary assembly of larger structures. Analysis indicates that these macrostructures may contain locally stacked rings. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boukari, H.; Chernomordik, V.; Nossal, R.; Sackett, D. L.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Krueger, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boukari, H (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM boukarih@mail.nih.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E533 EP E535 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.145 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900133 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Porcar, L. Hamilton, W. A. Butler, P. D. Warr, G. G. TI Relaxation of a shear-induced lamellar phase measured with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE SANS; Shear; Relaxation; Sponge phase; Lamellar phase AB We have measured the relaxation of Couette shear-induced L(alpha) lamellar states to their isotropic L(3) "sponge" equilibrium phases in the cetylpryridinium-hexanol/dextrose-brine system by (cycled) time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering. Although diffusive motions of adjacent membrane sheets may be estimated to bring them into contact with frequencies similar to 10 kHz, we observe structural relaxation times on the order of seconds. This indicates a significant activation energy against the re-establishment of the passages characterizing the convoluted sponge structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Porcar, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamilton, W. A.; Butler, P. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Warr, G. G.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Porcar, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM porcarl@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization; Australian Research Council FX The NG3 SANS instrument is operated by NIST, US Department of Commerce, with funding from the US National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-9986442. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. G.G.W. acknowledges Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization and Australian Research Council support. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E963 EP E966 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900238 ER PT J AU Dable, BK Booksh, KS Cavicchi, R Semancik, S AF Dable, BK Booksh, KS Cavicchi, R Semancik, S TI Calibration of microhotplate conductometric gas sensors by non-linear multivariate regression methods SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE kinetics; microhotplate sensors; vapor detection; electronic nose; non-linear calibration ID PROJECTION PURSUIT REGRESSION; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; ESTIMATING OPTIMAL TRANSFORMATIONS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; LINEAR-REGRESSION; NEURAL NETWORKS; TIN OXIDE; ARRAYS; MIXTURE AB This paper presents a demonstration of quantitative multicomponent multivariate calibration of microhotplate (MHP) conductometric sensors for binary and tertiary mixtures of light gases in air. Four element microsensor arrays of TiO2, SnO2 with surface-dispersed gold, and two different grain structures SnO2, were used to differentiate among the analytes in the mixtures. We illustrate results from isothermal operation of these varied sensors, as well as the value of high-information content operation in dynamic temperature programmed settings, where the rate response change is dependent on the kinetic response of each sensing layer to the gas. The conductometric sensors have a marked non-linear profile with change in concentration. Several non-linear multivariate regression methods have been investigated to best calibrate the resulting signals from the mixtures of analyte gases: locally weighted regression (LWR), alternating conditional expectation (ACE), and projection pursuit (PP). In the best scenario, these non-linear regression methods have predicted mixtures of methanol and hydrogen gas to within 10 mumol/mol air (10 ppm) when calibrated within a concentration range of 0-150 mumol/mol air (150 ppm). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Booksh, KS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Box 1604, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM booksh@asu.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 3 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2004.03.003 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 834TZ UT WOS:000222435100003 ER PT J AU Sarmiento, JL Slater, R Barber, R Bopp, L Doney, SC Hirst, AC Kleypas, J Matear, R Mikolajewicz, U Monfray, P Soldatov, V Spall, SA Stouffer, R AF Sarmiento, JL Slater, R Barber, R Bopp, L Doney, SC Hirst, AC Kleypas, J Matear, R Mikolajewicz, U Monfray, P Soldatov, V Spall, SA Stouffer, R TI Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE climate warming; ocean biogeochemistry ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE SOLAR IRRADIANCE; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CARBON-CYCLE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CHANGE SIMULATIONS; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; EXPORT PRODUCTION AB [1] We examine six different coupled climate model simulations to determine the ocean biological response to climate warming between the beginning of the industrial revolution and 2050. We use vertical velocity, maximum winter mixed layer depth, and sea ice cover to define six biomes. Climate warming leads to a contraction of the highly productive marginal sea ice biome by 42% in the Northern Hemisphere and 17% in the Southern Hemisphere, and leads to an expansion of the low productivity permanently stratified subtropical gyre biome by 4.0% in the Northern Hemisphere and 9.4% in the Southern Hemisphere. In between these, the subpolar gyre biome expands by 16% in the Northern Hemisphere and 7% in the Southern Hemisphere, and the seasonally stratified subtropical gyre contracts by 11% in both hemispheres. The low-latitude ( mostly coastal) upwelling biome area changes only modestly. Vertical stratification increases, which would be expected to decrease nutrient supply everywhere, but increase the growing season length in high latitudes. We use satellite ocean color and climatological observations to develop an empirical model for predicting chlorophyll from the physical properties of the global warming simulations. Four features stand out in the response to global warming: ( 1) a drop in chlorophyll in the North Pacific due primarily to retreat of the marginal sea ice biome, ( 2) a tendency toward an increase in chlorophyll in the North Atlantic due to a complex combination of factors, ( 3) an increase in chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean due primarily to the retreat of and changes at the northern boundary of the marginal sea ice zone, and ( 4) a tendency toward a decrease in chlorophyll adjacent to the Antarctic continent due primarily to freshening within the marginal sea ice zone. We use three different primary production algorithms to estimate the response of primary production to climate warming based on our estimated chlorophyll concentrations. The three algorithms give a global increase in primary production of 0.7% at the low end to 8.1% at the high end, with very large regional differences. The main cause of both the response to warming and the variation between algorithms is the temperature sensitivity of the primary production algorithms. We also show results for the period between the industrial revolution and 2050 and 2090. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. RP Sarmiento, JL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jls@princeton.edu RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Hirst, Anthony/E-2756-2013; Hirst, Anthony/N-1041-2014 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; NR 66 TC 425 Z9 434 U1 30 U2 187 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3003 DI 10.1029/2003GB002134 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839PQ UT WOS:000222797400001 ER PT J AU Jung, YG Pajares, A Banerjee, R Lawn, BR AF Jung, YG Pajares, A Banerjee, R Lawn, BR TI Strength of silicon, sapphire and glass in the subthreshold flaw region SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE sapphire; silicon; glass; strength; nanoindentation; subthreshold flaws ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS MODEL; SHARP CONTACT CRACKING; SODA-LIME GLASS; BRITTLE COATINGS; FUSED-SILICA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INDENTATION FLAWS; DEFORMATION; FIBERS; DAMAGE AB Strength properties are determined for monocrystalline silicon and sapphire and for soda-lime glass plates containing subthreshold flaws. i.e. flaws without detectable microcracks. Nanoindentations covering a wide range of loads are used to introduce flaws of predetermined Sizes into highly polished or etched surfaces, to enable systematic study of the transition from the post-threshold to subthreshold regions. Strengths of the indented plates are measured using a simple bilayer test configuration in which the plates are bonded - indentations downward - onto a polycarbonate support base and loaded centrally at their top surfaces to failure. Failure occurs from flaw sites over the entire range of diminishing loads, up to a strength cutoff at >2 GPa associated with natural surface flaws. In none of the materials do the postthreshold strength/indentation-load data extrapolate unconditionally into the subthreshold region. However, whereas the glass data show an abrupt increase in strength at the threshold, the silicon and sapphire data show only a slight discontinuity in slope. A simple model for subthreshold flaws, based on the critical conditions to initiate radial cracking from embryonic shear faults within the contact damage sites, accounts for the main size trends in the data. The disparities between the glass and crystalline responses are attributed to differences in the precursor shear fault geometries. General applicability of the scaling concepts to a broad range of alternative flaw types, e.g. associated with microstructural defects, is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Bldg 223,Rm B309,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3459 EP 3466 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.03.043 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 838IV UT WOS:000222707800006 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Kos, AB Silva, TJ AF Schneider, ML Kos, AB Silva, TJ TI Finite coplanar waveguide width effects in pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM PERMALLOY; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; ANISOTROPY AB The effect of finite coplanar waveguide (CPW) width on the measurement of the resonance frequency in thin ferromagnetic films has been characterized for pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry. A shift in resonant frequency is a linear function of the ratio of sample thickness to CPW width. The proportionality constant is experimentally determined to be 0.74 +/- 0.1 times the saturation magnetization of the film. The frequency shift may be modeled as arising from an effective magnetic-anisotropy field. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.schneider@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1063/1.1769084 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300032 ER PT J AU Gall, K Dunn, ML Liu, YP Stefanic, G Balzar, D AF Gall, K Dunn, ML Liu, YP Stefanic, G Balzar, D TI Internal stress storage in shape memory polymer nanocomposites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR AB We examine the storage and release of internal stresses in shape memory polymers reinforced with a dispersion of nanometer-scale SiC particles. A quantitative Rietveld analysis of diffraction peaks was used to measure changes in the lattice parameter of the SiC particles after permanent deformation at 25degreesC, and subsequent shape recovery induced by heating to 120degreesC. Under 50% compression of the composite material, the nanoparticles store a finite compressive stress, which is almost completely released during heated strain recovery. The values of the stored internal stresses in the particles are compared to values based on micromechanic. calculations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gall, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kenneth.gall@colorado.edu OI DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 NR 10 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 290 EP 292 DI 10.1063/1.1769087 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300044 ER PT J AU Hudson, SD Phelan, FR Handler, MD Cabral, JT Migler, KB Amis, EJ AF Hudson, SD Phelan, FR Handler, MD Cabral, JT Migler, KB Amis, EJ TI Microfluidic analog of the four-roll mill SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW; SHEAR; POLYMERS; SYSTEMS AB We describe a microfluidic trap, for analysis of fluids and suspensions, that simulates the function of a four-roll mill, a theological tool with adjustable flow type and rate. These flow characteristics were designed with the assistance of flow simulations and are measured here by micro-particle-image-velocimetry. This miniature device permits microscopic manipulations and measurements (e.g., of cells, particles, and drops) and it is capable of a range of flow types, including simple shear. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1063/1.1767594 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300059 ER PT J AU Stohl, A Cooper, OR Damoah, R Fehsenfeld, FC Forster, C Hsie, EY Hubler, G Parrish, DD Trainer, M AF Stohl, A Cooper, OR Damoah, R Fehsenfeld, FC Forster, C Hsie, EY Hubler, G Parrish, DD Trainer, M TI Forecasting for a Lagrangian aircraft campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; DISTRIBUTIONS; AIRSTREAMS; MODELS; INDOEX AB A forecast system has been developed in preparation for an upcoming aircraft measurement campaign, where the same air parcels polluted by emissions over North America shall be sampled repeatedly as they leave the continent, during transport over the Atlantic, and upon their arrival over Europe. This paper describes the model system in advance of the campaign, in order to make the flight planners familiar with the novel model output. The aim of a Lagrangian strategy is to infer changes in the chemical composition and aerosol distribution occurring en route by measured upwind/downwind differences. However, guiding aircraft repeatedly into the same polluted air parcels requires careful forecasting, for which no suitable model system exists to date. This paper describes a procedure using both Eulerian-type (i.e. concentration fields) and Lagrangian-type (i.e. trajectories) model output from the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART to predict the best opportunities for a Lagrangian experiment. The best opportunities are defined as being highly polluted air parcels which receive little or no emission input after the first measurement, which experience relatively little mixing, and which are reachable by as many aircraft as possible. For validation the system was applied to the period of the NARE 97 campaign where approximately the same air masses were sampled on different flights. Measured upwind/downwind differences in carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) decreased significantly as the threshold values used for accepting cases as Lagrangian were tightened. This proves that the model system can successfully identify Lagrangian opportunities. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM astohl@al.noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Damoah, Richard/H-1665-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 1113 EP 1124 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837BC UT WOS:000222599900001 ER PT J AU Matsuba, G Shimizu, K Wang, H Wang, ZG Han, CC AF Matsuba, G Shimizu, K Wang, H Wang, ZG Han, CC TI The effect of phase separation on crystal nucleation density and lamella growth in near-critical polyolefin blends SO POLYMER LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); POLY(ETHYL ACRYLATE); COMONOMER CONTENT; ETHYLENE-STYRENE; POLYMER BLENDS; COPOLYMERS; MORPHOLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION AB We have studied the effect of liquid-liquid phase separation on crystallization in near-critical blends of poly(ethylene-cohexene)/poly(ethylene-co-octene) and poly(ethylene-co-hexene)/poly(ethylene-co-butene) using optical microscopy and simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray scattering. Two quenching schemes were used in this study: (1) single-quench, a homogeneous melt quickly cooled to the crystallization temperature, and (2) double-quench, a homogeneous melt quickly cooled to an intermediate temperature, which allows for occurring phase separation but not crystallization, then to the crystallization temperature. We could found more crystalline nuclei in case of single-quench than of double-quench. The long spacing of lamellar crystals is approximately 20 A larger in single-quench than in double-quench, due primarily to the inclusion of more non-crystallizable components in the amorphous layers of lamellar stacks in the former. The degree of crystallinity is about three times higher in single-quench. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matsuba, G (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Chem Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM gm@pmsci.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; c.c.han@iccas.ac.cn RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 15 BP 5137 EP 5144 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.026 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 840GE UT WOS:000222844500016 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Linsky, JL Hebrard, G Williger, GM Moos, HW Blair, WP AF Wood, BE Linsky, JL Hebrard, G Williger, GM Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Two new low galactic D/H measurements from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; stars : individual (JL 9, LS 1274); ultraviolet : ISM ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; TO-HYDROGEN RATIO; ABSORPTION PROFILE SPECTROGRAPH; LINE-OF-SIGHT; FUSE MISSION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; OXYGEN ABUNDANCES; GAMMA CASSIOPEIAE AB We analyze interstellar absorption observed toward two subdwarf O stars, JL 9 and LS 1274, using spectra taken by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). Column densities are measured for many atomic and molecular species (H I, D I, C I, N I, O I, P II, Ar I, Fe II, and H-2), but our main focus is on measuring the D/H ratios for these extended lines of sight, as D/H is an important diagnostic for both cosmology and Galactic chemical evolution. We find D/H = ( 1.00 +/- 0.37) x 10(-5) toward JL 9 and D/H = (0.76 +/- 0.36) x 10(-5) toward LS 1274 (2sigma uncertainties). With distances of 590 +/- 160 and 580 +/- 100 pc, respectively, these two lines of sight are currently among the longest Galactic lines of sight with measured D/ H. With the addition of these measurements, we see a significant tendency for longer Galactic lines of sight to yield low D/ H values, consistent with previous inferences about the deuterium abundance from D/ O and D/ N measurements. Short lines of sight with H I column densities of log N(H I) < 19.2 suggest that the gas-phase D/H value within the Local Bubble is (D/H)(LBg) = (1.56 +/- 0.04) x 10(-5). However, the four longest Galactic lines of sight with measured D/H, which have d > 500 pc and log N(H I) > 20.5, suggest a significantly lower value for the true local disk gas-phase D/H value, (D/H)(LDg) = (0.85 +/- 0.09) x 10(-5). One interpretation of these results is that D is preferentially depleted onto dust grains relative to H and that longer lines of sight that extend beyond the Local Bubble sample more depleted material. In this scenario, the higher Local Bubble D/ H ratio is actually a better estimate than (D/H)(LDg) for the true local disk D/H, (D/H)(LD). However, if (D/H)(LDg) is different from (D/H)(LBg) simply because of variable astration and incomplete interstellar medium mixing, then (D/H)(LD) = (D/H)(LDg). C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woodb@origins.colorado.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; hebrard@iap.fr; williger@pha.jhu.edu; hwm@pha.jhu.edu; wpb@pha.jhu.edu NR 75 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 2 BP 838 EP 853 DI 10.1086/421325 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 835BZ UT WOS:000222456200029 ER PT J AU Miller, KE Bruno, TJ AF Miller, KE Bruno, TJ TI Thermally-treated clay as a stationary phase in liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE clay; stationary phases, LC; adsorption; Laponite-RD; positional isomers ID ADSORPTION COEFFICIENT KOC; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMOBILIZED HUMIC-ACID; INORGANO-ORGANO-CLAYS; INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBSTITUTED BENZENES; PRIORITY POLLUTANTS; PACKING MATERIALS; SOLID-PHASE AB Spray-dried, spherical synthetic hectorite particles have been thermally-treated at 500degreesC for 16h and used as adsorbent materials in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The retention of a 22 mono and disubstituted aromatic compounds was evaluated to study the retention mechanisms on the clay mineral. The retention of solutes on the thermally-treated clays was markedly different than that measured on octadecylsilica (ODS) columns under identical conditions, but remarkably similar to retention characteristics of the same solutes on porous graphitic carbon columns. The clay columns exhibit an enhanced selectivity over the ODS column in separation of nitroaromatic positional isomers. Under identical mobile phase compositions, a selectivity, alpha, of 7.15 between ortho- and para-dinitrobenzene isomers was measured on the clay column compared to a alpha of 1.04 on the ODS column. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 1042 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.010 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 835MD UT WOS:000222486600006 PM 15296387 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Hudson, PK Lovejoy, ER Sullivan, A Nowak, JB Huey, LG Cooper, OR Cziczo, DJ de Gouw, J Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Hubler, G Lafleur, BG Murphy, DM Neuman, JA Nicks, DK Orsini, DA Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Tanner, DJ Warneke, C Weber, RJ Wilson, JC AF Brock, CA Hudson, PK Lovejoy, ER Sullivan, A Nowak, JB Huey, LG Cooper, OR Cziczo, DJ de Gouw, J Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Hubler, G Lafleur, BG Murphy, DM Neuman, JA Nicks, DK Orsini, DA Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Tanner, DJ Warneke, C Weber, RJ Wilson, JC TI Particle characteristics following cloud-modified transport from Asia to North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol particles; free troposphere; long-range transport ID LASER MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATLANTA SUPERSITE PROJECT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; TRACE GASES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE FORMATION AB [1] Fast response measurements of particle size distributions, bulk submicron particle composition, and single particle composition were made aboard the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft in the free troposphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the western coast of North America. Measurements of gas-phase compounds and meteorological analysis show evidence of long-range transport of layers of aerosol particles from anthropogenic and biomass-burning sources in eastern Asia. Layers of crustal particles with no evident sources were also encountered. Measurements of substantially enhanced particulate sulfate mass and gas-phase H2SO4 encountered during one transport event were interpreted with the aid of a numerical model of particle formation and growth and trajectory analysis. The observed particle size distributions and sulfate mass concentration were consistent with the simulation, indicating that the particles were formed over the mid-Pacific from gas-to-particle conversion following long-range transport of SO2 through a midlatitude cyclonic system. Such cloud systems appear to effectively scavenge most pre-existing particle mass, but can allow transport of gas-phase precursors which substantially alter downstream particle microphysical and chemical properties. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 68 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S26 DI 10.1029/2003JD004198 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SG UT WOS:000222655800001 ER PT J AU Goldstein, AH Millet, DB McKay, M Jaegle, L Horowitz, L Cooper, O Hudman, R Jacob, DJ Oltmans, S Clarke, A AF Goldstein, AH Millet, DB McKay, M Jaegle, L Horowitz, L Cooper, O Hudman, R Jacob, DJ Oltmans, S Clarke, A TI Impact of Asian emissions on observations at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Asian emission; carbon monoxide; ozone ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; TRANS-PACIFIC TRANSPORT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL DESCRIPTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB [ 1] Field measurements of a wide suite of trace gases and aerosols were carried out during April and May 2002, along with extensive chemical transport modeling, as part of the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. Here, we use a combination of in-situ ground-based measurements from Trinidad Head, CA, chemical transport modeling, and backward trajectory analysis to examine the impact of long-range transport from Asia on the composition of air masses arriving at the California coast at the surface. The impact of Asian emissions is explored in terms of both episodic enhancements and contribution to background concentrations. We find that variability in CO concentrations at the ground site was largely driven by North American emissions, and that individual Asian plumes did not cause any observable pollution enhancement episodes at Trinidad Head. Despite this, model simulations suggest that Asian emissions were responsible for 33% of the CO observed at Trinidad Head, providing a larger mean contribution than direct emissions from any other region of the globe. Surface ozone levels were found to depend primarily on local atmospheric mixing, with surface deposition leading to low concentrations under stagnant conditions. Model simulations suggested that on average 4 +/- 1 ppb of ozone (10% of observed) at Trinidad Head was transported from Asia. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ahg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 62 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S17 DI 10.1029/2003/JD004406 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SG UT WOS:000222655800002 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Horowitz, LW Uno, I Woo, JH Streets, DG Dabdub, D Kurata, G Sandu, A Allan, J Atlas, E Flocke, F Huey, LG Jakoubek, RO Millet, DB Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Worsnop, DR Goldstein, A Donnelly, S Schauffler, S Stroud, V Johnson, K Avery, MA Singh, HB Apel, EC AF Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Horowitz, LW Uno, I Woo, JH Streets, DG Dabdub, D Kurata, G Sandu, A Allan, J Atlas, E Flocke, F Huey, LG Jakoubek, RO Millet, DB Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Worsnop, DR Goldstein, A Donnelly, S Schauffler, S Stroud, V Johnson, K Avery, MA Singh, HB Apel, EC TI Multiscale simulations of tropospheric chemistry in the eastern Pacific and on the US West Coast during spring 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE chemical transport model; nesting simulation; atmospheric photochemistry ID TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; OZONE; ASIA; BIOMASS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB [ 1] Regional modeling analysis for the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) experiment over the eastern Pacific and U. S. West Coast is performed using a multiscale modeling system, including the regional tracer model Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS), the Sulfur Transport and Emissions Model 2003 (STEM-2K3) regional chemical transport model, and an off-line coupling with the Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers ( MOZART) global chemical transport model. CO regional tracers calculated online in the CFORS model are used to identify aircraft measurement periods with Asian influences. Asian-influenced air masses measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3 aircraft in this experiment are found to have lower DeltaAcetone/DeltaCO, DeltaMethanol/DeltaCO, and DeltaPropane/DeltaEthyne ratios than air masses influenced by U. S. emissions, reflecting differences in regional emission signals. The Asian air masses in the eastern Pacific are found to usually be well aged (> 5 days), to be highly diffused, and to have low NOy levels. Chemical budget analysis is performed for two flights, and the O-3 net chemical budgets are found to be negative ( net destructive) in the places dominated by Asian influences or clear sites and positive in polluted American air masses. During the trans-Pacific transport, part of gaseous HNO3 was converted to nitrate particle, and this conversion was attributed to NOy decline. Without the aerosol consideration, the model tends to overestimate HNO3 background concentration along the coast region. At the measurement site of Trinidad Head, northern California, high-concentration pollutants are usually associated with calm wind scenarios, implying that the accumulation of local pollutants leads to the high concentration. Seasonal variations are also discussed from April to May for this site. A high-resolution nesting simulation with 12-km horizontal resolution is used to study the WP-3 flight over Los Angeles and surrounding areas. This nested simulation significantly improved the predictions for emitted and secondary generated species. The difference of photochemical behavior between the coarse (60-km) and nesting simulations is discussed and compared with the observation. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Rs, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Rs, 402 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; ddabdub@uci.edu; kurata@eco.tut.ac.jp; asandu@cs.vt.edu; james.allan@physics.org; atlas@acd.ucar.edu; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; jakoubek@al.noaa.gov; dylan@atmos.berkeley.edu; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; jr@al.noaa.gov; worsnop@aerodyne.com; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu; donnelly@ucar.edu; sues@acd.ucar.edu; cstroud@acd.ucar.edu; kristen.johnson@colorado.edu; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov; apel@acd.ucar.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S11 DI 10.1029/2004JD004513 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SG UT WOS:000222655800003 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Ji, Y Chien, CL Stiles, MD AF Chen, TY Ji, Y Chien, CL Stiles, MD TI Current-driven switching in a single exchange-biased ferromagnetic layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYER; EXCITATION; CONTACT AB We demonstrate spin-transfer torque effects in a single exchange-biased ferromagnetic layer. A current through a point contact to the exchange-biased Co layer reverses the magnetization of a nanodomain in the layer hysteretically for low applied magnetic fields and reversibly for high fields (up to 9 T). These effects are the inverse of the domain wall magnetoresistance, in the same way that similar effects in multilayers are the inverse of giant magnetoresistance. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 27 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 026601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.026601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100055 PM 15323935 ER PT J AU Mang, PK Vajk, OP Arvanitaki, A Lynn, JW Greven, M AF Mang, PK Vajk, OP Arvanitaki, A Lynn, JW Greven, M TI Spin correlations and magnetic order in nonsuperconducting Nd2-xCexCuO4 +/-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL; LA2CUO4 AB We report quantitative neutron scattering measurements of the evolution with doping of the Neel temperature, the antiferromagnetic correlations, and the ordered moment of as-grown, nonsuperconducting Nd2-xCexCuO4+/-delta (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.18). The instantaneous correlation length can be effectively described by our quantum Monte Carlo calculations for the randomly site-diluted nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. However, quantum fluctuations have a stronger effect on the ordered moment, which decreases more rapidly than for the quenched-disorder model. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Mang, PK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 027002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.027002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100062 PM 15323942 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EK AF Hobbie, EK TI Optical anisotropy of nanotube suspensions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SHEAR-FLOW; SEMIDILUTE FIBER SUSPENSIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELASTIC FLUIDS; ORIENTATION; BIREFRINGENCE; DICHROISM; RHEOLOGY AB A semimacroscopic model of an optically anisotropic nanotube suspension is derived perturbatively from Maxwell's equations in a dielectric medium. We calculate leading-order expressions, valid in the dilute and semidilute limits, for the intrinsic and form contributions to the complex dielectric tensor in terms of the volume fraction, mean orientation, aspect ratio, optical anisotropy, and optical contrast of the nanotubes. The birefringence and dichroism are derived explicitly to leading order in fluctuations, and the connection with depolarized light scattering is established. The results are generalized to include tube deformation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1063/1.1760079 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832KE UT WOS:000222265600052 PM 15260637 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Feely, RA Johnson, GC Strutton, PG Lamb, MF McTaggart, KE AF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Johnson, GC Strutton, PG Lamb, MF McTaggart, KE TI A mixed layer carbon budget for the GasEx-2001 experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE gas exchange; equatorial Pacific; carbon cycle ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; CO2; MARINE AB The GasEx-2001 study took place aboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the eastern equatorial Pacific in February and March 2001. As part of this experiment, water column measurements were collected at noon each day near a drifting array of near-surface instruments to examine the temporal evolution of the water column chemistry. These measurements were used to construct carbon mass balance estimates during this Lagrangian type study. Over a 13-day period, the net drop in mixed layer dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was 6.5 mumol kg(-1). The net precipitation during this period resulted in a DIC decrease of 1.2 mumol kg(-1). Entrainment added 0.3 mumol kg(-1) of DIC to the mixed layer from below giving a combined net physical effect that accounted for similar to14% of the total change. Biological new production removed 1.1 mumol kg(-1) (17%) of DIC from the mixed layer. Air-sea gas exchange had the largest impact on the DIC budget, accounting for 69% (4.5 mumol kg(-1)) of the total DIC removal from the mixed layer during this period. The estimated mean gas transfer velocity based on the DIC mass balance was 13.8+/-3.6 cm hr(-1) (K-660=11.8 cm hr(-1)). The mean wind speed during this period was 6.0+/-1.3 m s(-1). This gas transfer velocity is in excellent agreement with estimates generated from atmospheric micro-meteorological CO2 flux measurements collected on the same cruise. The agreement between the oceanic and atmospheric approaches supports the validity of the gas transfer velocities determined for the GasEx-2001 experiment. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov; peter.strutton@sunysb.edu; marilyn.f.lamb@noaa.gov; kristene.e.mctaggart@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08S05 DI 10.1029/2002JC001747 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 837SL UT WOS:000222656300001 ER PT J AU Allan, JD Bower, KN Coe, H Boudries, H Jayne, JT Canagaratna, MR Millet, DB Goldstein, AH Quinn, PK Weber, RJ Worsnop, DR AF Allan, JD Bower, KN Coe, H Boudries, H Jayne, JT Canagaratna, MR Millet, DB Goldstein, AH Quinn, PK Weber, RJ Worsnop, DR TI Submicron aerosol composition at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Its relationship with gas phase volatile organic carbon and assessment of instrument performance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE marine boundary layer; aerosol mass spectrometry; particles ID GENERATING PARTICLE BEAMS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; AERODYNAMIC LENSES; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SIZE; DIVERGENCE; SULFATE; CLIMATE AB [1] Two Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMSs) were deployed at Trinidad Head on the north Californian coast during the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) experiment, to study the physiochemical properties of submicron aerosol particles within the Pacific marine boundary layer. One AMS was modified to allow the study of sea salt-based particles, while the other used a temperature cycling system on its inlet. The reported loadings increased by a factor of 2 when the temperature approached the dew point, which is due to the inlet performance and has implications for other AMS experiments and applications. The processed data were compared with those of a particle into liquid sampler-ion chromatograph and showed that the ammonium, sulfate and organic fractions of the particles were consistently found within a single, normally acidic, accumulation mode at around 300 - 400 nm. However, when influenced by land-based sources, vehicle emissions and increased ammonium loadings were seen. The concentrations of nitrate in the accumulation mode were low, but it was also found within sea salt particles in the coarse mode and can be linked to the displacement of chloride. The organic fraction showed a high degree of chemical ageing and evidence of nitrogen-bearing organics was also observed. The particulate organic data were compared to the volatile organic carbon data derived from an in-situ gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-flame ionization detector and relationships were found between the gas and particle phase chemicals in both the overall concentrations and the levels of oxidation. C1 Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Allan, JD (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM james.allan@physics.org RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; NR 36 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S24 DI 10.1029/2003JD004208 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SE UT WOS:000222655500002 ER PT J AU Millet, DB Goldstein, AH Allan, JD Bates, TS Boudries, H Bower, KN Coe, H Ma, YL McKay, M Quinn, PK Sullivan, A Weber, RJ Worsnop, DR AF Millet, DB Goldstein, AH Allan, JD Bates, TS Boudries, H Bower, KN Coe, H Ma, YL McKay, M Quinn, PK Sullivan, A Weber, RJ Worsnop, DR TI Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; volatile organic compounds; aerosol ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; VARIABILITY-LIFETIME RELATIONSHIP; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SULFATE MOLAR RATIO; SEA-SALT SULFATE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; TROPOSPHERIC OH; ANTHROPOGENIC CONTRIBUTIONS; HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS AB [1] We report hourly in-situ observations of C-1-C-8 speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) obtained at Trinidad Head CA in April and May 2002 as part of the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. Factor analysis of the VOC data set was used to define the dominant processes driving atmospheric chemical composition at the site, and to characterize the sources for measured species. Strong decreases in background concentration were observed for several of the VOCs during the experiment due to seasonal changes in OH concentration. CO was the most important contributor to the total measured OH reactivity at the site at all times. Oxygenated VOCs were the primary component of both the total VOC burden and of the VOC OH reactivity, and their relative importance was enhanced under conditions when local source contributions were minimal. VOC variability exhibited a strong dependence on residence time (s(lnX) = 1.55(tau)(-0.44), r(2) = 0.98; where s(lnX) is the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of the mixing ratio), and this relationship was used, in conjunction with measurements of Rn-222, to estimate the average OH concentration during the study period (6.1 x 10(5) molec/cm(3)). We also employed the variability-lifetime relationship defined by the VOC data set to estimate submicron aerosol residence times as a function of chemical composition. Two independent measures of aerosol chemical composition yielded consistent residence time estimates. Lifetimes calculated in this manner were between 3 - 7 days for aerosol nitrate, organics, sulfate, and ammonium. The lifetime estimate for methane sulfonic acid ( similar to 12 days) was slightly outside of this range. The lifetime of the total aerosol number density was estimated at 9.8 days. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dylan@atmos.berkeley.edu; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 NR 75 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S16 DI 10.1029/2003JD004026 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SE UT WOS:000222655500001 ER PT J AU Dunlea, EJ Ravishankara, AR AF Dunlea, EJ Ravishankara, AR TI Measurement of the rate coefficient for the reaction of O((1)D) with H(2)O and re-evaluation of the atmospheric OH production rate SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; 248 NM; O(1D); KINETICS; GASES; PHOTODISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOLYSIS; MOLECULES AB The rate coefficient for the reaction of O((1)D) with H(2)O (Reaction 1), whose value is critical for calculating production rates of the OH radical in the atmosphere, was measured over a range of atmospherically relevant temperatures. The temporal profile of O((3)P) following photolytic production of O((1)D) in the presence of water vapor was used to determine a temperature dependent value for k(1) of (1.45 +/- 0.34) x 10(-10) exp((89 +/- 65)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the quoted errors are at the 95% confidence level, include estimated systematic errors and sigma(A) = A sigma(lnA). In addition, ratios of rate coefficients for quenching of O((1)D) by N(2) and O(2) (k(2) and k(3)) to that for Reaction I were determined to be k(2)/k(1) = (0.13 +/- 0.04) and k(3)/k(1) = (0.19 +/- 0.09) by measuring the relative OH concentration produced from Reaction 1 in the presence of various concentrations of N(2) or O(2). Combining our results of this work with previous measurements of k(1), we recommend a value for k(1) = (1.62 +/- 0.27) x 10(-10) exp((65 +/- 50)/ T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the quoted errors are 95% confidence level, include estimated systematic errors and sigma(A) = A sigma(lnA). Based on these results, the uncertainty in the calculated atmospheric OH production rate due to the uncertainty in these rate coefficients is reduced from +/-50% to +/-20%. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dunlea, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dunlea@post.harvard.edu; ravi@alnoaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 13 BP 3333 EP 3340 DI 10.1039/b402483d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842YU UT WOS:000223041400019 ER PT J AU Watson, W Walker, HJ AF Watson, W Walker, HJ TI The world's smallest vertebrate, Schindleria brevipinguis, a new paedomorphic species in the family Schindleriidae (Perciformes : Gobioidei) SO RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM LA English DT Article ID GENUS SCHINDLERIA; 1ST RECORD; FISHES; PRAEMATURA; TELEOSTEI; ISLAND AB Schindleria brevipinguis n.sp., from the Lizard Island-Carter Reef vicinity of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and from Osprey Reef nearby in the Coral Sea, is a small, unpigmented gobioid species distinctive in having fewer dorsal- and anal-fin rays and a deeper body with larger eyes than the other described species, S. pietschmanni and S. praematura. The urogenital papilla of male S. brevipinguis has a markedly different shape from those of the other two species. Schindleria brevipinguis apparently provides an even more extreme example of paedomorphosis than its congeners, and with males maturing by 7 mm and the largest specimen only 8.4 mm, it almost certainly is the world's smallest fish and smallest vertebrate. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Watson, W (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM william.watson@noaa.gov; hjwalker@ucsd.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 11 PU AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM PI SYDNEY PA 6 COLLEGE ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2010, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1975 J9 REC AUST MUS JI Rec. Aust. Mus. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 863QS UT WOS:000224577400001 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Menke, SB AF Munroe, TA Menke, SB TI Two new soleid flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes : Soleidae : Soleichthys) from Australian waters, with a re-description of Soleichthys microcephalus (Gunther) SO RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM LA English DT Article AB Soleichthys microcephalus (Gunther, 1862) occurring in warm temperate waters off New South Wales, Australia, is re-described based on examination of a syntype and additional non-type material. This species differs from congeners in its combination of: low meristic features (43-45 vertebrae, 71-84 dorsal-fin rays, 61-71 anal-fin rays, and 81-89 lateral-line scales); in having two elongated ocular-side pectoral-fin rays of nearly equal length; with small scales present on the ocular-side pectoral-fin base and proximal halves of elongated pectoral-fin rays; in its ocular-side pigmentation consisting of a series of 8-10 mostly complete, bold, wide, dark-brown or blackish crossbands of nearly uniform width throughout their lengths and noticeably wider than the alternating lighter-coloured crossbands; and with two, conspicuous, mid-lateral white spots arranged in horizontal series. Two new species phenotypically most similar to, and with meristic features that largely overlap those of S. microcephalus, are described from specimens collected in tropical waters of northern Australia. Soleichthys serpenpellis n.sp., known from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Delambre Island, Dampier Archipelago, northwestern Australia, is easily distinguished from S. microcephalus and other congeners by its ocular-side head and body pigmentation featuring incomplete, diamond-shaped crossbands broadest in their mid-sections, fewer (about 6) ocular-side body crossbands, and with small, brown spots scattered in the interspaces between the crossbands. Soleichthys oculofasciatus n.sp. occurs off northeast Australia and is distinguished from congeners in its combination of a first elongate ocular-side pectoral-fin ray longer than the second, in lacking scales on the ocular-side pectoral-fin base and elongate pectoral-fin rays, in having a longitudinal series of crossbands (usually 11) on the ocular-side head and body, and with four conspicuous white spots on the body, two of which are arranged in a vertical series at mid-body. The new species differs further from both S. microcephalus and S. serpenpellis in having a longer and narrower head and a longer caudal fin. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, POB 37021,NHB,WC 57,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Munroe.Thomas@nmnh.si.edu; smenke@biomail.ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM PI SYDNEY PA 6 COLLEGE ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2010, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1975 J9 REC AUST MUS JI Rec. Aust. Mus. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 863QS UT WOS:000224577400017 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Qiu, Y AF Kenzelmann, M Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Qiu, Y TI Bound spinons in an antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain with a staggered field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GAP; COPPER BENZOATE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUM-RULES; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB Inelastic neutron scattering was used to measure the magnetic field dependence of spin excitations in the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain CuCl2.2(dimethylsulfoxide) in the presence of uniform and staggered fields. Dispersive bound states emerge from a zero-field two-spinon continuum with different finite energy minima at wave numbers q=pi and q(i)approximate topi(1-2). The ratios of the field dependent excitation energies are in excellent agreement with predictions for breather and soliton solutions to the quantum sine-Gordon model, the proposed low-energy theory for S=1/2 chains in a staggered field. The data are also consistent with the predicted soliton and n=1,2 breather polarizations and scattering cross sections. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 017204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.017204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900057 ER PT J AU Toby, BH Billinge, SJL AF Toby, BH Billinge, SJL TI Determination of standard uncertainties in fits to pair distribution functions SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID REFINEMENT; PROFILE AB Methods are developed to establish the limits of statistical uncertainty for values computed from a pair distribution function (PDF) or models fit to a PDF. This is done by computation of a variance-covariance matrix for the PDF from the uncertainties in the diffraction intensities. The application of this variance-covariance matrix also offers optimal weighting for least-squares refinement. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.toby@nist.gov RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1107/S0108767304011754 PN 4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 831ZZ UT WOS:000222237600005 PM 15218209 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, RA Tarlov, MJ AF Zangmeister, RA Tarlov, MJ TI DNA displacement assay integrated into microfluidic channels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; MOLECULAR BEACONS; ANALYSIS DEVICE; HYDROGEL PLUGS; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; POLYMERIZATION AB This paper describes the development of a unique fluorescence-based DNA diagnostic microfluidic assay that does not require labeling of the target sequence prior to analysis. The assay is based on the displacement of a short sacrificial fluorescent-tagged indicator oligomer by a longer untagged target sequence as it is electrophoresed through a DNA-containing hydrogel plug immobilized in a microfluidic channel. The distinct advantages of this assay are the short sensing times, as a result of directed electrophoretic transport of target DNA to the sensing element, combined with the ability to detect nonlabeled target DNA. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM razang@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 13 BP 3655 EP 3659 DI 10.1021/ac035238v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 834NR UT WOS:000222418300032 PM 15228337 ER PT J AU Norman, RS Moeller, P McDonald, TJ Morris, PJ AF Norman, RS Moeller, P McDonald, TJ Morris, PJ TI Effect of pyocyanin on a crude-oil-degrading microbial community SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ANTIBIOTIC ACTION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SEA-WATER; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; PETROLEUM; POPULATIONS AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an n-alkane degrader that is frequently isolated from petroleum-contaminated sites and produces factors that enhance its competitiveness and survival in many environments. In this study, one such factor, pyocyanin, has been detected in an oil-degrading culture containing P. aeruginosa and is a redox-active compound capable of inhibiting microbial growth. To examine the effects of pyocyanin further, an oil-degrading culture was grown with and without 9.5 muM pyocyanin and microbial community structure and oil degradation were monitored for 50 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of cultures revealed a decrease in the microbial community diversity in the pyocyanin-amended cultures compared to that of the unamended cultures. Two members of the microbial community in pure culture exhibited intermediate and high sensitivities to pyocyanin corresponding to intermediate and low levels of activity for the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. Another member of the community that remained constant in the DGGE gels over the 50-day culture incubation period exhibited no sensitivity to pyocyanin, corresponding to a high level of catalase and superoxide dismutase when examined in pure culture. Pyocyanin also affected the overall degradation of the crude oil. At 50 days, the culture without pyocyanin had decreased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared to the pyocyanin-amended culture, with a specific reduction in the degradation of dibenzothiophenes, naphthalenes, and C-29 and C-30 hopanes. This study demonstrated that pyocyanin influenced the diversity of the microbial community and suggests the importance of understanding how interspecies interactions influence the degradation capability of a microbial community. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77802 USA. RP Morris, PJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM morrisp@musc.edu OI Norman, Sean/0000-0003-4766-4376 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004917, P42 ES04917] NR 46 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4004 EP 4011 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4004.4011.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600029 PM 15240276 ER PT J AU McMullin, DR Judge, DL Tarrio, C Vest, RE Hanser, F AF McMullin, DR Judge, DL Tarrio, C Vest, RE Hanser, F TI Extreme-ultraviolet efficiency measurements of freestanding transmission gratings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MONOCHROMATOR; RADIATION; SOHO AB We report new, near-normal-incidence, transmission grating efficiency results at selected extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths between 4.5 and 30.5 nm for two transmission gratings, one with a period of 200 nm and the other with a period of 400 run. These gratings consist of opaque gold bars separated by open spaces that have been produced by photolithography techniques commonly used to produce electronic components. The gold bars and the open spaces are nominally of the same width. Both gratings have a thickness of 470 nm. The transmission efficiency at the central, first, and, when possible, second order of diffraction was measured. In addition, guided-wave phenomena at nonnormal angles of incidence, as well as transmission differences depending on which side of the grating was illuminated, were investigated. The observed guided-wave effects allow one to selectively enhance the transmission of the grating at desired wavelengths, as is realized with a blazed reflection grating. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Panametr Inc, Space Instrumentat Div, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP McMullin, DR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM judge@usc.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 3797 EP 3801 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003797 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 834RD UT WOS:000222427300003 PM 15250545 ER PT J AU Madhavan, R Fregene, K Parker, LE AF Madhavan, R Fregene, K Parker, LE TI Distributed cooperative outdoor multirobot localization and mapping SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE multirobot localization; terrain mapping; heterogeneous sensing; extended Kalman filter ID ROBOTS AB The subject of this article is a scheme for distributed outdoor localization of a team of robots and the use of the robot team for outdoor terrain mapping. Localization is accomplished via Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF). In the distributed EKF-based scheme for localization, heterogeneity of the available sensors is exploited in the absence or degradation of absolute sensors aboard the team members. The terrain mapping technique then utilizes localization information to facilitate the fusion of vision-based range information of environmental features with changes in elevation profile across the terrain. The result is a terrain matrix from which a metric map is then generated. The proposed algorithms are implemented using field data obtained from a team of robots traversing an uneven outdoor terrain. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Honeywell Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; kocfrege@ieee.org; parker@cs.utk.edu NR 29 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 EI 1573-7527 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1023/B:AURO.0000032936.24187.41 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 832BQ UT WOS:000222242600003 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Bailey, LO Wooley, KL AF Becker, ML Bailey, LO Wooley, KL TI Peptide-derivatized shell-cross-linked nanoparticles. 2. Biocompatibility evaluation SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DRUG-DELIVERY; FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; TRANSDUCTION; RNA; QUANTIFICATION; CELLS AB The conjugation of the protein transduction domain (PTD) from the HIV-1 Tat protein to shell crosslinked (SCK) nanoparticles is a method to facilitate cell surface binding and transduction. In the previous report, the preparation, derivatization, and characterization of peptide-functionalized SCK nanoparticles were reported in detail. Following assembly, the constructs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to obtain a preliminary biocompatibility assessment. The effects of SCK exposure on cell viability were evaluated using a metabolic 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and a fluorescent apoptosis assay. Furthermore, stages of apoptosis were quantified by flow cytometry. Although higher levels of peptide functionalization resulted in decreased metabolic function as measured by MTT assay, significant apoptosis was not observed below 500 mg/L for all the samples. To evaluate the potential immunogenic response of the peptide-derivatized constructs, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system that allows for the in vitro analysis and quantification of the cellular inflammatory responses tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL1-beta) was utilized. The inflammatory response to the peptide-functionalized SCK nanoparticles as measured by RT-PCR show statistically significant increases in the levels of both TNF-alpha and IL1-beta relative to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). However, the measured cytokine levels did not preclude the further testing of SCKs in an in vivo mouse immunization protocol. In this limited assay, measured increases in immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the sera were minimal with no specific interactions being isolated, and more importantly, none of the mice (>50) subjected to the three 100 mug immunization protocol have died. Additionally, no gross morphological changes were observed in postmortem organ histology examinations. C1 Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, ML (reprint author), Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM mlbecker@nist.gov; klwooley@artsci.wustl.edu RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012; Wooley, Karen/D-4399-2015 OI Wooley, Karen/0000-0003-4086-384X FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-27103] NR 58 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1021/bc049945m PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 840SW UT WOS:000222880900006 PM 15264857 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Bencherif, S Cooper, JA Wetzel, SJ Antonucci, JM Vogel, BM Horkay, F Washburn, NR AF Lin-Gibson, S Bencherif, S Cooper, JA Wetzel, SJ Antonucci, JM Vogel, BM Horkay, F Washburn, NR TI Synthesis and characterization of PEG dimethacrylates and their hydrogels SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLYCOL) HYDROGELS; CHONDROCYTES; CYTOTOXICITY; CHEMISTRY AB Facile synthesis and detailed characterization of photopolymerizable and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDM) and poly(ethylene glycol) urethane-dimethacrylates (IPEGUDM) are described. Poly(ethylene glycol)s of various molecular masses (M-n = 1000 to 8000 g/mol) were reacted with methacrylic anhydride or with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate to form PEGDMs and PEGUDMs, respectively. PEGDMs were also prepared by a microwave-assisted route to achieve fast reaction conversions under solvent free conditions. Combined analyses of H-1 NMR and MALDI-TOF MS confirmed the formation of prepolymers of high purity and narrow mass distribution (PD < 1.02). Aqueous solutions of the PEGDMs and PEGUDMs (10% and 20% by mass fraction) were photopolymerized to yield hydrogels. Bovine chondrocytes, seeded in the hydrogels, were used to assess the biocompatibility. Preliminary theology and uniaxial compression measurements showed varied mechanical response, and biocompatibility studies showed that cells are completely viable in both types of hydrogels after two weeks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NICHD, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov OI BENCHERIF, SIDI/0000-0002-7704-5608; Vogel, Brandon/0000-0002-7370-9577 NR 14 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1280 EP 1287 DI 10.1021/bm0498777 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 837VG UT WOS:000222668500018 PM 15244441 ER PT J AU Goedecke, GH Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Auvermann, HJ AF Goedecke, GH Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Auvermann, HJ TI Quasi-wavelet model of von Karman spectrum of turbulent velocity fluctuations SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE quasi-wavelet model; turbulent eddies; velocity spectrum; von Karman spectrum ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; ENERGY-CONTAINING SCALES; SOUND-PROPAGATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ACOUSTIC-WAVE; COHERENCE FUNCTION; SIMULATION; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; SCATTERING AB The von Karman spectra of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations have been widely used in the literature on turbulence and electromagnetic, seismic, and acoustic wave propagation in random media. In this paper we provide a phenomenological motivation for the von Karman velocity spectrum in terms of the quasi-wavelet model of turbulence developed recently. In this model, turbulence is represented as a superposition of self-similar localized eddies of many different scales. We find a functional form for these eddies that yields the von Karman velocity spectrum exactly. We also show that other eddy functions produce velocity spectra that have the same general form as the von Karman spectrum, and we consider possible quasi-wavelet representations of the 'Kansas' spectrum and the '-1' spectrum. We also present a systematic determination, based on turbulence similarity theories, of the parameters of the von Karman spectra of temperature and velocity fluctuations in an unstable atmospheric boundary layer. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Goedecke, GH (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ggoedeck@nmsu.edu RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 1 BP 33 EP 56 DI 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000020158.10053.ab PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 804LG UT WOS:000220299600002 ER PT J AU Brennan, MJ Lackmann, GM Koch, SE AF Brennan, MJ Lackmann, GM Koch, SE TI The impact of a split-front rainband on Appalachian cold-air damming erosion SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MODELS C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brennan, MJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1125 Jordan Hall,Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mike_brennan@ncsu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 935 EP 939 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-7-935 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842FA UT WOS:000222987500002 ER PT J AU Bretherton, CS Uttal, T Fairall, CW Yuter, SE Weller, RA Baumgardner, D Comstock, K Wood, R Raga, GB AF Bretherton, CS Uttal, T Fairall, CW Yuter, SE Weller, RA Baumgardner, D Comstock, K Wood, R Raga, GB TI The EPIC 2001 stratocumulus study SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIURNAL CYCLE; FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS; PACIFIC; AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; MODEL AB Overlaying the cool southeast Pacific Ocean is the most persistent subtropical stratocumulus cloud deck in the world. It produces a profound affect on tropical climate by shading the underlying ocean and radiatively cooling and stirring up turbulence in the atmosphere. In October 2001, the East Pacific Investigation of Climate undertook an exploratory cruise from the Galapagos Islands to Chile. The cruise gathered an unprecedented dataset, integrating radiosonde, surface, cloud remote sensing, aerosol, and ocean measurements. Scientific objectives included measuring the vertical structure of the ABL in this region, understanding what physical processes are determining the stratocumulus cloud albedo, and understanding the fluxes of heat and water that couple the atmosphere and ocean in this region. An unexpectedly well-mixed stratocumulus-capped boundary layer as a result of a strong inversion was encountered throughout. A strong diurnal cycle was observed, with thicker clouds and substantial drizzle (mainly evaporating above the sea surface) during the late night and early morning. This was driven in part by local diabatic processes, and was reinforced by a surprisingly pronounced diurnal cycle of vertical motion. The vertical motion appears to be an inertia-gravity wave driven by daytime heating over South America that propagates over 1000 km offshore. Much more nocturnal drizzle and pronounced mesoscale cellularity were observed in "clean" conditions when cloud droplet concentrations and aerosol concentrations were low. Entrainment of dry, warm air is inferred to be the primary regulator of cloud thickness in this region, but drizzle also appears to have a large indirect impact by inhibiting and changing the spatial organization of turbulence. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Bretherton, CS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM breth@atmos.washington.edu RI Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Raga, Graciela/A-4340-2008; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Raga, Graciela B./0000-0002-4295-4991 NR 32 TC 204 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 967 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-7-967 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842FA UT WOS:000222987500016 ER PT J AU Schultz, DM AF Schultz, DM TI Historical research in the atmospheric sciences - The value of literature reviews, libraries, and librarians SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY AB Based on a talk given at the sixth annual meeting of the Atmospheric Science Librarians International, this paper explores the author's experiences performing reviews of the scientific literature as a tool to advancing meteorology and studying the history of science. Three phases of performing literature searches with varying degrees of interaction with a research librarian are considered: do it yourself, librarian assisted, and librarian as collaborator. Examples are given for each phase: occluded fronts, conditional symmetric instability, and static instability terminology, respectively. Electronic availability of information is changing the relationship between scientists and librarians. Yet, despite these changes, books on library shelves and knowledgeable human librarians remain essential to the scientific enterprise. C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 995 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-7-995 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842FA UT WOS:000222987500018 ER PT J AU Starr, RM O'Connell, V Ralston, S AF Starr, RM O'Connell, V Ralston, S TI Movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in southeast Alaska: potential for increased conservation and yield from marine reserves SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARKED ANIMALS; TAGGED LINGCOD; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; WASHINGTON; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; HABITAT AB Residence time and movement rates of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) were recorded in an area closed to fishing in southeast Alaska to evaluate the potential effects of reserves on mortality, egg production, and fishery yield. In 1999, 43 lingcod were tagged with sonic transmitters, and an array of receivers moored in the reserve recorded signals transmitted from tagged fish for 14 months. Most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. Models generated from the tag data provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod. Model results indicated that for lingcod stocks with low abundance, marine reserves could improve egg production while having a small effect on fishery yield. For more abundant stocks, if a portion of the stock is protected in reserves, fishing rates could be increased outside reserves without reducing egg production relative to egg production levels in the absence of reserves. C1 Univ Calif Sea Grant Extens Program, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Starr, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Sea Grant Extens Program, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM Starr@mlml.calstate.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1094 DI 10.1139/F04-054 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000004 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Johnson, L Rossignol, PA Collier, TK AF Arkoosh, MR Johnson, L Rossignol, PA Collier, TK TI Predicting the impact of perturbations on salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) communities: implications for monitoring SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; FOOD-WEB; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; QUALITATIVE STABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS AB Twenty-six salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) stocks from the Pacific Northwest are listed as either threatened or endangered. A number of anthropogenic factors, likely including degradation of habitat by chemical contaminant exposure, have contributed to their decline. Techniques that can assess injury or judge the efficacy of regulatory actions on the recovery of this species are needed. We strive to understand why a population is changing by examining changes in their intrinsic birth rates, death rates, and (or) growth rates. However, salmon populations are influenced by other species in the community. To address this issue, we developed a parsimonious three-trophic-level community model consisting of prey, salmon, and parasites and examined the model's response to one anthropogenic factor (contaminant exposure) using qualitative analysis. This community model may not only provide valuable insight into salmon survival but also may broaden the approaches available to elucidate direct and indirect effects. We demonstrate analytically that some community members, possibly salmon themselves, might be ambiguous or unreliable variables to monitor. We also demonstrate that other species in the community, such as parasites, may be more sensitive than salmon in monitoring the influence of anthropogenic factors such as contaminants. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1175 DI 10.1139/F04-068 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000012 ER PT J AU Witte, T Yeston, JS Motzkus, M Heilweil, EJ Kompa, KL AF Witte, T Yeston, JS Motzkus, M Heilweil, EJ Kompa, KL TI Femtosecond infrared coherent excitation of liquid phase vibrational population distributions (v > 5) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; REACTION DYNAMICS; LASER-PULSES AB Femtosecond mid-infrared excitation of room temperature W(CO)(6)/n-hexane solutions resonant with the T-1u CO-stretching mode transfers vibrational population to at least v = 6. The population distribution in levels v = 0 to v = 5 was measured by transient infrared absorption spectroscopy. Resonance frequencies, anharmonic shifts and spectral broadening of observed ladder transitions were also characterized. Populating v = 6 deposits similar to12000 cm(-1) in a single mode which is close to the dissociation energy of one W-C bond. These results constitute a significant step toward initiation and ultimate control of condensed phase, mid-infrared induced ground state reactions relevant to practical synthetic transformations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kompa, KL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; klk@mpq.mpg.de NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.052 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 834IT UT WOS:000222405500029 ER PT J AU Braganza, K Karoly, DJ Hirst, AC Stott, P Stouffer, RJ Tett, SFB AF Braganza, K Karoly, DJ Hirst, AC Stott, P Stouffer, RJ Tett, SFB TI Simple indices of global climate variability and change - Part II: attribution of climate change during the twentieth century SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CENTER COUPLED MODEL; FINGERPRINT DETECTION; FLUX ADJUSTMENTS; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; SEA-ICE; SIMULATIONS; AEROSOL AB Five simple indices of surface temperature are used to investigate the influence of anthropogenic and natural (solar irradiance and volcanic aerosol) forcing on observed climate change during the twentieth century. These indices are based on spatial fingerprints of climate change and include the global-mean surface temperature, the land-ocean temperature contrast, the magnitude of the annual cycle in surface temperature over land, the Northern Hemisphere meridional temperature gradient and the hemispheric temperature contrast. The indices contain information independent of variations in global-mean temperature for unforced climate variations and hence, considered collectively, they are more useful in an attribution study than global mean surface temperature alone. Observed linear trends over 1950-1999 in all the indices except the hemispheric temperature contrast are significantly larger than simulated changes due to internal variability or natural (solar and volcanic aerosol) forcings and are consistent with simulated changes due to anthropogenic (greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol) forcing. The combined, relative influence of these different forcings on observed trends during the twentieth century is investigated using linear regression of the observed and simulated responses of the indices. It is found that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the observed changes in surface temperature during 1946-1995. We found that early twentieth century changes (1896-1945) in global mean temperature can be explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing, as well as internal climate variability. Estimates of 'scaling factors' that weight the amplitude of model simulated signals to corresponding observed changes using a combined normalized index are similar to those calculated using more complex, optimal fingerprint techniques. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Braganza, K (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, POB 28M, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Karl.Braganza@sci.monash.edu.au RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; Hirst, Anthony/E-2756-2013; Hirst, Anthony/N-1041-2014 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X; NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 22 IS 8 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0413-1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 836RZ UT WOS:000222574800004 ER PT J AU Kellogg, WA O'Brien, K Robey, C Tevesz, MJ Barackasy, D Feix, L Kasselmann, C Reutter, JM Wright, G AF Kellogg, WA O'Brien, K Robey, C Tevesz, MJ Barackasy, D Feix, L Kasselmann, C Reutter, JM Wright, G TI The current coastal resource management training market in Ohio's Lake Erie basin SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal resource management; Lake Erie; Ohio; training programs ID ZONE MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC-POLICY; SCIENCE; CONSERVATION; EDUCATION AB This article describes research to characterize the current market for coastal resource training programs in the Ohio Lake Erie basin, which had not been comprehensively assessed previously. Identification of this diffuse market is challenging, as it was created by a wide range of organizations across a large geography. A telephone survey method was used to gather data. Results suggest that the market for coastal resources management training programs in Ohio reflects provider understanding of the knowledge base required for effective coastal resource management, the geographic and institutional distribution of provider responsibilities, and dominant population and economic base characteristics across the basin. The article's results and methodology regarding subfederal training providers in Ohio may be a model for other states in the Great Lakes basin and for training providers in other coastal areas. C1 Cleveland State Univ, USEPA Great Lakes Environm Finance Ctr, Maxine Goodman Levin Coll Urban Affairs, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. Old Woman Creek Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, NOAA, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Huron, OH USA. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Recycling & Litter Prevent, Columbus, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Sea Grant Coll Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kellogg, WA (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, USEPA Great Lakes Environm Finance Ctr, Maxine Goodman Levin Coll Urban Affairs, 1717 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM wendy@urban.csuohio.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 271 EP 291 DI 10.1080/08920750490448578 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822FB UT WOS:000221521600004 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Katta, VR Takahashi, F AF Linteris, GT Katta, VR Takahashi, F TI Experimental and numerical evaluation of metallic compounds for suppressing cup-burner flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; fire suppression; flame inhibition; diffusion flames; organometallics; flame structure; cup burner; Halon replacements ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; PREMIXED METHANE FLAMES; IRON PENTACARBONYL; INHIBITION EFFECTIVENESS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; REACTION KERNEL; AIR FLAMES; NITROGEN; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION AB The first tests of supereffective flame inhibitors blended with CO2 have been performed in methane-air laminar co-flow diffusion flames stabilized on a cup burner. The CO2 volume fraction required to extinguish the flames was determined for a range of added catalytic inhibitor volume fractions. When added at low volume fraction, the agents TMT, Fe(CO)(5), and MMT were effective at reducing the volume of CO2 required to extinguish the flames, with performance relative to CF3Br of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. This performance advantage of the metallic compounds is less than that determined in premixed or counterflow diffusion flames. Further, as the volume fraction of each metallic catalytic inhibitor was increased, the effectiveness diminished rapidly. The greatly reduced marginal effectiveness is believed to be caused by loss of active gas-phase species to condensed-phase particles. Laser-scattering measurements in flames with Fe(CO)(5)/CO2 blends detected particles both inside and outside (but not coincident with) the visible flame location for measurement points above the stabilization region. For Fe(CO)(5) addition to the air stream at 450 muL/L, the peak scattering cross section for vertically polarized light was 1660 times the value for room-temperature air. The first detailed numerical modeling studies were also performed for methane-air cup-burner flames with CO2 and Fe(CO)(5) added to the oxidizer stream and are used to interpret the experimental results. The role of particles was also illustrated by the numerical results, which showed that significant levels of supersaturation exist in the flame for several of the important iron-containing intermediates. This particle formation is favored in the lower temperature stabilization region of the cup-burner flames, as compared to the higher relevant temperatures of previously described counterflow diffusion flames. The results of this study indicate that the appropriate flame configuration for evaluating the effectiveness of some fire suppression agents must be carefully considered, since in those cases, different flame configurations can switch the relative performance of an agent by an order of magnitude. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Fire Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov NR 64 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.003 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 836KD UT WOS:000222553500007 ER PT J CA Ind Usability Reporting Project Steer Natl Inst Stand Technology TI Don't neglect usability in the total cost of ownership SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ind Usabil Reporting Project Steering Comm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ind Usabil Reporting Project Steering Comm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 7 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 832KY UT WOS:000222267600001 ER EF