FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Matejicek, J Brand, PC Drews, AR Krause, A Lowe-Ma, C AF Matejicek, J Brand, PC Drews, AR Krause, A Lowe-Ma, C TI Residual stresses in cold-coiled helical compression springs for automotive suspensions measured by neutron diffraction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE residual stress; automotive springs; neutron diffraction AB Residual stresses in cold-coiled helical compression springs for automotive suspensions were determined at several manufacturing stages using neutron diffraction. These results indicate that the residual stresses in the as-coiled springs are nearly uniaxial with peak values of +/-900MPa and independent of coil position. A factory stress-relieved spring showed the same pattern of stresses, but with the peak values reduced to similar to+/-200 MPa. Residual stresses in a spring annealed in a laboratory furnace at 56 K over the normal factory annealing temperature were similar to35% lower. The effect of cutting the springs either by electric discharge machining (EDM) or by abusive grinding was also examined. From these data, the smallest spring segment that can yield reliable stress data was determined. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ford Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Matejicek, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. EM jmatejic@ipp.cas.cz RI Matejicek, Jiri/G-2313-2014 OI Matejicek, Jiri/0000-0001-8454-2808 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2004 VL 367 IS 1-2 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.322 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 776RZ UT WOS:000189132200037 ER PT J AU Ammann, AJ AF Ammann, AJ TI SMURFs: standard monitoring units for the recruitment of temperate reef fishes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recruitment; reef fish; sampling method; Sebastes; settlement; SMURF; temperate reef ID CORAL-REEF; PARALABRAX-CLATHRATUS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; SPATIAL VARIATION; GENUS SEBASTES; LARVAL FISHES; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE AB I evaluated a standard monitoring unit for the recruitment of reef fishes (SMURF) as a tool for ascertaining spatial and temporal patterns of reef fish recruitment in central California, USA. SMURFs consisted of a 1.0 X 0.35 in dia. cylinder of fine mesh plastic grid that contained a folded section of larger mesh plastic grid. SMURFs collected new recruits of 20 species of fish with 92% of the individuals collected from 10 species, mostly rockfish (genus Sebastes). An experiment varying depth of SMURFs in the water column (surface, mid-depth, or bottom) showed that surface SMURFs collected the greatest diversity of species and significantly greater abundance for eight species, with two species having significantly greater abundance on mid-depth SMURFs and three species having significantly greater abundance on bottom SMURFs. A comparison of cumulated recruitment from SMURFs that varied in sampling frequency (removal of new recruits every 1-3, 7, or 28 days) suggested that increasing the time between sampling caused a significant decrease in recruitment estimates for some species but not for others. To determine how well temporal patterns of recruitment to SMURFs reflected patterns to nearby reefs, I compared within season temporal patterns of recruitment to SMURFs with that at nearby reefs, estimated by visual transect surveys conducted on scuba. Temporal patterns of recruitment to SMURFs were significantly and positively related to early recruitment on reefs for one group of benthic-algal associated rockfish species when diver surveys were lagged by 30 days (r=0.87) and for another group of canopy-algal associated rockfish species when lagged by 5 days (r = 0.72). SMURFs appeared to be an effective and efficient method for indexing relative rates of delivery of competent juveniles for many temperate nearshore reef fishes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP NOAA, Fisheries, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM amold.ammann@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 24 PY 2004 VL 299 IS 2 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2003.08.014 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 773WV UT WOS:000188948700001 ER PT J AU Mirin, RP AF Mirin, RP TI Photon antibunching at high temperature from a single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TURNSTILE DEVICE; EMISSION AB We report the observation of photon antibunching from a single, self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot at temperatures up to 135 K. The second-order intensity correlation, g((2))(0), is measured to be less than 0.260 for temperatures up to 100 K. At 120 K, g((2))(0) increases to about 0.471, which is slightly less than the second-order intensity correlation expected from two independent single emitters. At 135 K, g((2))(0) is 0.667, which still indicates nonclassical light emission that is equivalent to having three independent single emitters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mirin, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mirin@boulder.nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1260 EP 1262 DI 10.1063/1.1650032 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775RT UT WOS:000189075000010 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Ehrman, SH Germer, TA AF Kim, JH Ehrman, SH Germer, TA TI Influence of particle oxide coating on light scattering by submicron metal particles on silicon wafers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COPPER OXIDATION; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; ELLIPSOMETRY AB We report the effect of room-temperature oxidation on scattering of 633 nm light by copper particles deposited on a silicon wafer. The results provide a validation for a theory of light scattering by coated particles on a substrate and establish the lifetime of these particles as light scattering standards to be on the order of a few months. The results also suggest that the room-temperature oxidation of copper particles proceeds in a continuous manner, rather than approaching an asymptotic thickness as found by Cabrera and Mott [Rep. Prog. Phys. 12, 163 (1948)] on copper films. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Particle Technol Lab, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM germer@nist.gov NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1278 EP 1280 DI 10.1063/1.1650555 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775RT UT WOS:000189075000016 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, A Zimmerman, NM Ono, Y Takahashi, Y AF Fujiwara, A Zimmerman, NM Ono, Y Takahashi, Y TI Current quantization due to single-electron transfer in Si-wire charge-coupled devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PUMP; TRANSISTOR AB We observe a quantized current due to single-electron transfer in a small charge-coupled device, which consists of a narrow Si-wire channel with fine gates; the gate is used to form a tunable barrier potential. By modulating two barrier potentials under the fine gates with phase-shifted pulse voltages, quantized numbers of electrons are injected into and extracted from the charge island sandwiched by the two barriers. Current plateaus due to single-electron transfer are clearly observed at 20 K with frequencies up to 100 MHz and a current level of 16 pA. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fujiwara, A (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. EM afuji@aecl.ntt.co.jp RI Ono, Yukinori/D-4741-2011; Takahashi, Yasuo/H-4799-2011; Fujiwara, Akira/A-6648-2012 NR 10 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1323 EP 1325 DI 10.1063/1.1650036 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775RT UT WOS:000189075000031 ER PT J AU Smith, LJ Price, DL Chowdhuri, Z Brady, JW Saboungi, ML AF Smith, LJ Price, DL Chowdhuri, Z Brady, JW Saboungi, ML TI Molecular dynamics of glucose in solution: A quasielastic neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER SOLUTIONS; ALPHA,ALPHA-TREHALOSE; VITRIFICATION AB The molecular dynamics of glucose dissolved in heavy water have been investigated at 280 K by the technique of quasielastic neutron scattering. The scattering was described by a dynamic structure factor that accounts for decoupled diffusive jumps and free rotational motions of the glucose molecules. With increasing glucose concentration, the diffusion constant decreases by a factor five and the time between jumps increases considerably. Our observations validate theoretical predictions concerning the impact of concentration on the environment of a glucose molecule and the formation of cages made by neighboring glucose molecules at higher concentrations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Rech Mat Haute Temp, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, 1B Rue Ferollerie, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. EM mls@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 63018] NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 8 BP 3527 EP 3530 DI 10.1063/1.1648302 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 776VH UT WOS:000189139700001 PM 15268513 ER PT J AU Balzar, D Popa, NC AF Balzar, D Popa, NC TI Elastic-strain tensor and inhomogeneous strain in thin films by X-ray diffraction SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optical and X-Ray Metrology for Advanced Device Materials Characterization CY JUN 10-13, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE ferroelectrics; strain; Rietveld refinement ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; LAUE GROUPS; TEXTURE; STRESS; MODEL AB Elastic residual and inhomogeneous defect-related strains are very important parameters when considering thin-film and microelectronics device properties and operation. In regard to the residual strain/stress modeling, we describe a novel approach to model diffraction line shifts caused by elastic residual or applied stresses in textured polycrystals. The model yields the complete texture-weighted strain and stress tensors as a function of crystallite orientations, the so-called weighted strain orientation distribution function. In the second part, we present an extension to the phenomenological thermodynamic theory for ferroelectrics. It includes the contribution of both residual-elastic lattice-misfit strain and inhomogeneous strain caused by lattice defects. The model yields correction terms for dielectric and ferroelectric quantities in terms of both elastic misfit strain and defect-related strain that was successfully applied to the pristine, W and Mn 1% doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 epitaxial thin films grown on the LaAlO3 substrate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Balzar, D (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM balzar@du.edu RI Popa, Nicolae/B-8182-2011 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 22 PY 2004 VL 450 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.10.043 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 778GV UT WOS:000189231900005 ER PT J AU Germer, TA Marx, E AF Germer, TA Marx, E TI Ray model of light scattering by flake pigments or rough surfaces with smooth transparent coatings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OUT-OF-PLANE; REFLECTANCE; INSTRUMENT AB We derive expressions for the intensity and polarization of light singly scattered by flake pigments or a rough surface beneath a smooth transparent coating using the ray or facet model. The distribution of local surface normals is used to calculate the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). We discuss the different distribution functions that can be used to characterize the distribution of local surface normals. The light-scattering model is validated by measurements or the BRDF and polarization by a metallic flake pigmented coating. The results enable the extraction of a slope distribution function from the data, which is shown to be consistent over a variety of scattering geometries. These models are appropriate to estimate or predict the appearance of flake pigment automotive paints. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.germer@nist.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1266 EP 1274 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001266 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 776ZJ UT WOS:000189149000010 PM 15008529 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ AF Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ TI Airborne lidar imaging of salmon SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Lidar images of adult salmon are presented. The lidar system is built around a pulsed green laser and a gated intensified CCD camera. The camera gating is timed to collect light scattered from the turbid water below the fish to produce shadows in the images. Image processing increases the estimated contrast-to-noise ratio from 3.4 in the original image to 16.4 by means of a matched filter. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1424 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001416 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 776ZJ UT WOS:000189149000030 PM 15008549 ER PT J AU Redfield, S Linsky, JL AF Redfield, S Linsky, JL TI The structure of the local interstellar medium. II. Observations of DI, CII, NI, OI, AlII, and SiII toward stars within 100 parsecs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : atoms; ISM : clouds; ISM : structure; line : profiles; ultraviolet : ISM; ultraviolet : stars ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HST-GHRS OBSERVATIONS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORBIT PERFORMANCE; ALPHA ABSORPTION; D/H RATIO AB Moderate- and high-resolution measurements (lambda/Deltalambda greater than or similar to 40,000) of interstellar resonance lines of D I, C II, N I, O I, Al II, and Si II (hereafter called light ions) are presented for all available observed targets located within 100 pc that also have high-resolution observations of interstellar Fe II or Mg II (heavy ions) lines. All spectra were obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph or the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Currently, there are 41 sight lines to targets within 100 pc with observations that include a heavy ion at high resolution and at least one light ion at moderate or high resolution. We present new measurements of light ions along 33 of these sight lines and collect from the literature results for the remaining sight lines that have already been analyzed. For all of the new observations we provide measurements of the central velocity, Doppler width parameter, and column density for each absorption component. We greatly increase the number of sight lines with useful local interstellar medium (LISM) absorption-line measurements of light ions by using knowledge of the kinematic structure along a line of sight obtained from high-resolution observations of intrinsically narrow absorption lines, such as Fe II and Mg II. We successfully fit the absorption lines with this technique, even with moderate-resolution spectra. Because high-resolution observations of heavy ions are critical for understanding the kinematic structure of local absorbers along the line of sight, we include 18 new measurements of Fe II and Mg II in an Appendix. We present a statistical analysis of the LISM absorption measurements, which provides an overview of some physical characteristics of warm clouds in the LISM, including temperature and turbulent velocity. This complete collection and reduction of all available LISM absorption measurements provides an important database for studying the structure of nearby warm clouds, including ionization, abundances, and depletions. Subsequent papers will present models for the morphology and physical properties of individual structures (clouds) in the LISM. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Redfield, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sredfield@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 NR 43 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 602 IS 2 BP 776 EP 802 DI 10.1086/381083 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZK UT WOS:000189343700020 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI Information depth for elastic-peak electron spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; copper; electron-solid interactions; electron-solid scattering and transmission - elastic; gold; Monte Carlo simulations ID MEAN ESCAPE DEPTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; BACKSCATTERING; SURFACES; PHOTOELECTRONS; PROBABILITY; SCATTERING AB We present a formalism for calculating the information depth (ID) for elastic-peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) in which a measurement is made of the intensity of elastically backscattered electrons for an amorphous or polycrystalline material and a selected electron energy. IDs and a related quantity, the mean penetration depth (MPD) for the detected electrons, were computed from Monte Carlo simulations and a simple single-scattering model for two elemental solids, copper and gold, at energies between 100 and 10,000 eV for a common EPES measurement configuration. Similar calculations were made as a function of emission angle for an electron energy of 1000 eV. The IDs and MPDs from the Monte Carlo simulations were generally smaller than found from the single-scattering model. The deviations are due in part to neglect of multiple scattering in the analytical model and often to strong variations of the differential cross section for elastic scattering for scattering angles within the acceptance solid angle of the analyzer. Reasonable agreement was found between the computed IDs for gold at an energy of 1000 eV (corresponding to detection of 90% and 95% of the total detected EPES signal) and values estimated from EPES experiments in which Au overlayers were deposited on a Ni substrate. Computed MPDs for copper and gold at energies between 100 and 10,000 eV were found to be smaller than mean escape depths for Auger electrons from these solids, but generally not by as much as expected from the single-scattering model for EPES and from neglect of elastic scattering of the Auger electrons. Multiple-elastic scattering is significant in EPES, and Monte Carlo simulations provide a convenient means for determining the IDs and MPDs for different materials, electron energies, and measurement configurations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pl NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 551 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.12.036 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 778GJ UT WOS:000189230900013 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Bond, NA AF Vecchi, GA Bond, NA TI The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and northern high latitude wintertime surface air temperatures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ANTARCTIC PRECIPITATION; ENSO; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; EVENTS AB The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of large-scale intraseasonal variability in the tropics. Recent work has connected the MJO to atmospheric variability in mid-latitudes. We focus on relationships between the MJO and wintertime surface air temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. The MJO is diagnosed using principal EOF of 850 hPa zonal winds from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis for 1979-2002. Station data are used for surface air temperature in Alaska, Canada, the former U. S. S. R., Greenland, and Iceland. The phase of the MJO has a substantial systematic and spatially coherent effect on intraseasonal variability in wintertime surface air temperature through the global Arctic. Composites of geopotential height and specific humidity suggest that radiative and advective effects are important in the observed connections. These statistical connections may be useful for wintertime temperature forecasts. The mechanisms connecting intraseasonal tropical variability with polar and sub-polar variability bear examination. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov; nicholas.a.bond@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 25 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 AR L04104 DI 10.1029/2003GL018645 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 780GY UT WOS:000189373000003 ER PT J AU Jimenez, E Gierczak, T Stark, H Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR AF Jimenez, E Gierczak, T Stark, H Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR TI Reaction of OH with HO2NO2 (peroxynitric acid): Rate coefficients between 218 and 335 K and product yields at 298 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; RATE-CONSTANT; PERNITRIC ACID; KINETICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; PRESSURE; VAPOR; NM AB Rate coefficients (k(3)(7)) for the reaction of OH with HO2NO2 (peroxynitric acid, PNA) in the gas phase were measured in the temperature range of 218-335 K by producing OH via pulsed laser photolysis and detecting it via laser-induced fluorescence. The PNA concentration was measured in situ by UV and IR absorption. The H2O2, HNO3, and NO2 impurities present in the PNA sample were quantified by mass spectrometry and/or UV/IR absorption. The measured value of k(3)(298 K) is (3.4 +/- 1.0) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule' s(-1). The temperature dependence of k(3) is best described by the relation k(3)(T) = (8.8 +/- 2.6) x 10(-19)T(2) exp[(1130 +/- 20)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted errors for k(3) are at the 2sigma level and include estimated systematic errors. which contribute the most to this uncertainty. The measured values of k(3)(T) were independent of pressure between 10 and 100 Torr of helium. The branching ratios of the reaction OH + HO2NO2 --> products, for the production of HO2 and HNO3 and of NO3 and H2O2, respectively, were determined to be <10% and <5% respectively, at 298 K. Thus, it was deduced that the main pathway for reaction 3 produces H2O, O-2 and NO2 at 298 K. Our measurements reduce the uncertainties but do not significantly alter the currently calculated impacts of HO2NO2 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In the course of this study, the rate coefficient for the reaction of OH with H2O2 was measured to be k(4)(7) = (2.9 +/- 1.8) x 10(-12) exp[-(110 +/- 150)IT] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in the temperature range of 273-356 K. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ravi@al.noaa.gov RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1139 EP 1149 DI 10.1021/jp0363489 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 774AM UT WOS:000188957600006 ER PT J AU Aray, Y Manuel, M Rodriguez, J Vega, D Simon-Manso, Y Coll, S Gonzalez, C Weitz, DA AF Aray, Y Manuel, M Rodriguez, J Vega, D Simon-Manso, Y Coll, S Gonzalez, C Weitz, DA TI Electrostatics for exploring the nature of the hydrogen bonding in polyethylene oxide hydration SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE; BEHAVIOR; MICELLES; DENSITY; SOLIDS; FIELD AB Binding between water and models of poly(ethylene oxide), (CH2-CH2-O)(n), n = 2-40, has been studied using the topographic features of the electrostatic potential, V(r), and standard density functional theory methods. It was found that, in general, the contour around the minima of the oxygen atoms overlap forming a negative-valued spiral coiled around a positive-valued helix. The positive zone defines a helical groove in the O-C-C-O units where minima lone pairs critical points are located. Topological analysis of the water molecule has also suggested that the attractive electrostatic effect between the positive water O-H zone and the negative PEO lone pairs plays an important role in the hydrogen bonding of the PEO-water system. Thus, the V(r) topology predicts a coil of water molecules around the PEO chain forming hydrogen bonding with two sites of ether oxygens. This coil is formed in such a way that more water molecules accumulate on the cavities surrounding the poly(ethylene oxide)'s oxygen atoms where the minima of the negative zone are located. C1 IVIC, Ctr Quim, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Carabobo, FACYT, Valencia, Venezuela. RP Aray, Y (reprint author), IVIC, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21827, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. EM yaray@ivie.ve NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 2418 EP 2424 DI 10.1021/jp036921o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 774AQ UT WOS:000188957900043 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Murphy, DM Hudson, PK Thomson, DS AF Cziczo, DJ Murphy, DM Hudson, PK Thomson, DS TI Single particle measurements of the chemical composition of cirrus ice residue during CRYSTAL-FACE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cirrus ice; single particle; chemical composition ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE PARTICLES; (NH4)(2)SO4-H2O PARTICLES; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CLOUD FORMATION; SULFURIC-ACID; MASS-SPECTRA; NUCLEATION; SIZE AB [1] The first real-time, in situ, investigation of the chemical composition of the residue of cirrus ice crystals was performed during July 2002. This study was undertaken on a NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft as part of CRYSTAL-FACE, a field campaign which sought to further our understanding of the relation of clouds, water vapor, and climate by characterizing, among other parameters, anvil cirrus formed about the Florida peninsula. A counter flow virtual impactor (CVI) was used to separate cirrus ice from the unactivated interstitial aerosol particles and evaporate condensed-phase water. Residual material, on a crystal-by-crystal basis, was subsequently analyzed using the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory's Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry ( PALMS) instrument. Sampling was performed from 5 to 15 km altitude and from 12degrees to 28degrees north latitude within cirrus originating over land and ocean. Chemical composition measurements provided several important results. Sea salt was often incorporated into cirrus, consistent with homogeneous ice formation by aerosol particles from the marine boundary layer. Size measurements showed that large particles preferentially froze over smaller ones. Meteoritic material was found within ice crystals, indicative of a relation between stratospheric aerosol particles and tropospheric clouds. Mineral dust was the dominant residue observed in clouds formed during a dust transport event from the Sahara, consistent with a heterogeneous freezing mechanism. These results show that chemical composition and size are important determinants of which aerosol particles form cirrus ice crystals. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM djcziczo@al.noaa.gov; dmurphy@al.noaa.gov; phudson@al.noaa.gov; dthomson@al.noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 55 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 18 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D4 AR D04201 DI 10.1029/2003JD004032 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780HE UT WOS:000189373600003 ER PT J AU Perez-Salas, UA Rangan, P Krueger, S Briber, RM Thirumalai, D Woodson, SA AF Perez-Salas, UA Rangan, P Krueger, S Briber, RM Thirumalai, D Woodson, SA TI Compaction of a bacterial group I ribozyme coincides with the assembly of core helices SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MG2+ BINDING; RNA; INTRON; DOMAIN; CONDENSATION; LANDSCAPE; PATHWAYS AB Counterions are critical to the self-assembly of RNA tertiary structure because they neutralize the large electrostatic forces which oppose the folding process. Changes in the size and shape of the Azoarcus group I ribozyme as a function of Mg2+ and Na+ concentration were followed by small angle neutron scattering. In low salt buffer, the RNA was expanded, with an average radius of gyration (R-g) of 53 +/- 1 Angstrom. A highly cooperative transition to a compact form (R-g. = 31.5 +/- 0.5 Angstrom) was observed between 1.6 and 1.7 mM MgCl2. The collapse transition, which is unusu;lly sharp in Mg2+, has the characteristics of a first-order phase transition. Partial digestion with ribonuclease T1 under identical conditions showed that this transition correlated with the assembly of double helices in the ribozyme core. Fivefold higher Mg2+ concentrations were required for self-splicing, indicating that compaction occurs before native tertiary interactions are fully stabilized. No further decrease in R-g was observed between 1.7 and 20 mM MgCl2, indicating that the intermediates have the same dimensions as the native ribozyme, within the uncertainty of the data (+/-1 Angstrom). A more gradual transition to a final R-g of approximately 33.5 Angstrom was observed between 0.45 and 2 M NaCl. This confirms the expectation that monovalent ions not only are less efficient in charge neutralization but also contract the RNA less efficiently than multivalent ions. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Perez-Salas, UA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.perez-salas@nist.gov; rbriber@umd.edu; swoodson@jhu.edu RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1746 EP 1753 DI 10.1021/bi035642o PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 773MX UT WOS:000188928500038 PM 14769052 ER PT J AU Li, XF Dong, CM Clemente-Colon, P Pichel, WG Friedman, KS AF Li, XF Dong, CM Clemente-Colon, P Pichel, WG Friedman, KS TI Synthetic aperture radar observation of the sea surface imprints of upstream atmospheric solitons generated by flow impeded by an island SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE SAR; soliton; upstream ID COASTAL LEE WAVES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GRAVITY-WAVES; SAR IMAGES; OCEAN; SATELLITE; TOPOGRAPHY; MODEL; ABOARD; ROLLS AB [1] Two cases of upstream propagation of atmospheric solitons generated by atmospheric flow over topography were identified on two RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired near St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea on 7 September 1997 and 6 June 2001, respectively. In both cases, a group of solitons was shown as three dark-bright linear features on the SAR images. The soliton width and peak-to-peak distance measured from the two SAR images are about 3 km and 4.5 km, respectively. Simultaneous radiosonde measurements, a surface weather map and operational weather model results confirm that these waves did not propagate on the lee side of the island as is commonly observed with island lee waves, but indeed propagated against the flow in the upstream direction. In the second case, the same group of solitons was also identified as a wave-like cloud pattern on a MODIS image taken about 4.5 hours later. In this MODIS image, the soliton train propagated further upstream with the leading crest reaching about 30 km north of the island, and the number of crest-trough features increased from three to seven. In this study, we describe the generation and evolution of upstream atmospheric solitons using the Force KdV (fKdV) model with radiosonde and island topography data. The numerical solution of the fKdV exhibits a sequence of solitons propagating upstream of the island. Both temporal and spatial scales of the solitons are in good agreement with that estimated from the successive SAR and MODIS satellite images. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Infomat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Infomat Serv, Room 102,E-RA3,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C2 AR C02016 DI 10.1029/2003JC002168 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 780HH UT WOS:000189373900002 ER PT J AU Biggs, S Kline, SR Walker, LM AF Biggs, S Kline, SR Walker, LM TI The adsorption of polymerized rodlike micelles at the solid-liquid interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACTANT; MICA; BROMIDE; BINDING; LAYER; SHAPE; FILMS AB Solutions of rodlike polymeric micellar aggregates, formed from the polymerization of cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate (CTVB), adsorb at the solid-liquid interface. The poly-CTVB aggregates are imaged in situ using soft contact atomic force microscopy. The aggregates form self-organized two-dimensional films that show a high degree of order on nanometer to micrometer length scales. Unlike their simple surfactant analogues, the adsorbed layer structures are permanently adsorbed and the structure is resilient to washing with pure solvent. In the case of poly-CTVB, the adsorbed aggregates appear to be rigid cylindrical structures of between 30 and 60 nm in length. At the interface, the center to center spacing of the aligned aggregates is 8 +/- 1 nm. Images of a second series of polymerized aggregates formed by the copolymerization of CTVB with sodium vinyltosylate revealed a change in the aggregate structure to a set of linked spherical aggregates. These polymerized aggregates also spontaneously form a permanent adsorbed layer at the solid-liquid interface. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fuids Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walker, LM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fuids Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Biggs, Simon/G-9212-2014; Walker, Lynn/I-2562-2016 OI Biggs, Simon/0000-0002-8941-1222; Walker, Lynn/0000-0002-7478-9759 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1021/la0358062 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774YF UT WOS:000189013400015 PM 15803681 ER PT J AU Vanderah, DJ Parr, T Silin, V Meuse, CW Gates, RS La, HY Valincius, G AF Vanderah, DJ Parr, T Silin, V Meuse, CW Gates, RS La, HY Valincius, G TI Isostructural self-assembled monolayers. 2. Methyl 1-(3-mercaptopropyl)-oligo(ethylene oxide)s SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; 1-THIAHEXA(ETHYLENE OXIDE); OLIGO(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); GOLD; SURFACES; RESIST; CONFORMATION; INHIBITION; FIBRINOGEN AB The structural order and ordering conditions of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HSCH2CH2CH2O(EO)(x)CH3, where EO = CH2CH2O and x = 3-9, on polycrystalline gold (Au) were determined by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For x = 5-7, RAIRS and SE data show that the oligo(ethylene oxide) [OEO] segments adopt the near single phase, 7/2 helical conformation of the folded-chain crystal polymorph of crystalline poly(ethylene oxide), oriented normal to the substrate. These SAMs exhibit OEO segment structure and orientation identical to that found in a previous isostructural series [HS(CH2CH2O)(6-8)C18H37 SAMs. Vanderah, D. J., et al. Langmuir 2003, 19, 3752] and are anisotropic films for surface science metrology where structure is constant and thickness increases in 0.30 nm increments. In addition, this is the first example of OEO SAMs to attain this highly ordered, helical conformation where the (EO), segment is separated from the Au-sulfur headgroup by a polymethylene chain. For x = 4, 8, and 9, the SAMs are largely helical but show evidence of nonhelical conformations and establish the upper and lower limits of the isostructural set. For x = 3, the SAMs are largely disordered containing some all-trans conformation. SAM order as a function of immersion time from 100% water and 95% ethanol indicates that the HSCH2CH2CH2O(EO)(5-7)CH3 SAMs order faster and under a wider range of conditions than omega-alkyl 1-thiaolio(ethylene oxide) [HS(EO)(x)CH3] SAMs, reported earlier (Vanderah, D. J., et al. Langmuir 2002, 18, 4674 and Vanderah, D. J., et al. Langmuir 2003, 19, 2612). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Biochem, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.vanderah@nist.gov OI Parr, Thomas/0000-0001-6838-0204 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1316 DI 10.1021/la035829g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774YF UT WOS:000189013400046 PM 15803712 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Soles, CL Lee, HJ Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Vogt, BD Soles, CL Lee, HJ Lin, EK Wu, WL TI Moisture absorption and absorption kinetics in polyelectrolyte films: Influence of film thickness SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; CHAIN CONFORMATION; 2-STAGE SORPTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANOMALOUS SORPTION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MULTILAYER FILMS; ORGANIC COATINGS; WATER-VAPOR AB Specular X-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were used to determine the absorption of water into thin poly(4-ammonium styrenesulfonic acid) films from saturated vapor at 25degreesC. The effect of film thickness on the absorption kinetics and overall absorption was investigated in the range of thickness from (3 to 200) nm. The equilibrium swelling of all the films irrespective of film thickness was (0.57 +/- 0.03) volume fraction. Although the equilibrium absorption is independent of thickness, the absorption rate substantially decreases for film thickness < 100 nm. For the thinnest film (3 nm), there is a 5 orders of magnitude decrease in the diffusion coefficient for water. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 55 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1453 EP 1458 DI 10.1021/la035239i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774YF UT WOS:000189013400068 PM 15803734 ER PT J AU Gischler, E Hudson, JH AF Gischler, E Hudson, JH TI Holocene development of the Belize Barrier Reef SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Belize; reef; Holocene; Pleistocene; C-14; TIMS ID BRITISH-HONDURAS; SEA-LEVEL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WESTERN ATLANTIC; QUATERNARY REEFS; SOUTHERN LAGOON; CENTRAL-AMERICA; MARGIN; FACIES; AGE AB Previously, knowledge of the Holocene development of the Belize Barrier Reef (BBR)-the largest reef system in the Atlantic Ocean-was limited to one location (Carrie Bow Cay). We present new data from 11 rotary drill cores taken at 9 locations and 36 radiometric ages that indicate that the BBR was established from >8.26 to 6.68 ky BP on Pleistocene reef limestones, presumably deposited during oxygen isotope stage 5. The nonsynchronous start of Holocene reef growth was a consequence of variation in elevation of antecedent topography, largely controlled by underlying NNE-trending structures. From north to south, Pleistocene elevation decreases along these structural trends, probably reflecting differential subsidence and variations in karst topography. Reef anatomy is characterized by three facies. In order of decreasing abundance, these facies are represented by corals (mainly Acropora palmata and members of the Montastraea annularis group), by unconsolidated sand and rubble, and by well-cemented coral grainstones-rudstones. Holocene reef accumulation rates average 3.25 m/ky. The degree of reef consolidation is negatively correlated with Holocene thicknesses, indicating that slowly growing reefs are better cemented than fast growing ones. We present a Holocene sea-level curve for Belize based on 36 dates from this study and 33 dates from our previous studies in the area. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geol Palaontol, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Gischler, E (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geol Palaontol, Senckenberganlage 32-34, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. EM gischler@em.uni-frankfurt.de RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 36 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD FEB 16 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.10.006 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA 800DN UT WOS:000220009200004 ER PT J AU Tai, SSC Welch, MJ AF Tai, SSC Welch, MJ TI Development and evaluation of a candidate reference method for the determination of total cortisol in human serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; HUMAN-PLASMA; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; DEFINITIVE METHOD; ROUTINE METHODS; METABOLISM; VALIDATION; EXTRACTION; THYROXINE; STEROIDS AB Cortisol is an important diagnostic marker for the production of steroid hormones, and accurate measurements of serum cortisol are necessary for proper diagnosis of adrenal function. A candidate reference method involving isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and critically evaluated. An isotopically labeled internal standard, cortisol-d(3), was added to serum, followed by equilibration and solid-phase and ethyl acetate extractions to prepare samples for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry electrospray ionization (LC/MS-ESI) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry electrospray ionization (LC/MS/MS-ESI) analyses. (M + H)(+) ions at m/z 363 and 366 for cortisol and its labeled internal standard were monitored for LC/MS. The transitions of (M + H)(+) --> [(M + H)(+) - 2H(2)O] at m/z 363 --> 327 and 366 - 330 were monitored for LC/MS/MS. The accuracy of the measurement was evaluated by a comparison of results of this candidate reference method on lyophilized human serum reference materials for cortisol [Certified Reference Materials 192 and 193] with the certified values determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reference methods and by a recovery study for the added cortisol. The results of this method for total cortisol agreed with the certified values within 1.1%. The recovery of the added cortisol ranged from 99.8% to 101.0%. This method was applied to the determination of cortisol in samples of frozen serum pools. Excellent precision was obtained with within-set CVs of 0.3%-1.5% and between-set CVs of 0.04%-0.4% for both LC/MS and LC/MS/MS analyses. The correlation coefficients of all linear regression lines ranged from 0.998 to 1.000. The detection limits (at a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to3-5) were 10 and 15 pg for LC/MS and LC/MS/MS, respectively. This method, which demonstrates good accuracy and precision, and is free from interferences from structural analogues, qualifies as a candidate reference method and can be used as an alternative reference method to provide an accuracy base to which the routine methods can be compared. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.tai@nist.gov NR 25 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1014 DI 10.1021/ac034966f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 776QC UT WOS:000189127100019 PM 14961732 ER PT J AU Davydov, AV Bendersky, LA Boettinger, WJ Josell, D Vaudin, MD Chang, KS Takeuchi, I AF Davydov, AV Bendersky, LA Boettinger, WJ Josell, D Vaudin, MD Chang, KS Takeuchi, I TI Combinatorial investigation of structural quality of Au/Ni contacts on GaN SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Japan-United States Workshop on Combinatorial Material Science and Technology CY DEC 09-11, 2002 CL WINTER PK, COLORADO DE GaN; metal contacts; combinatorial material science; thin films ID P-TYPE GAN; OHMIC CONTACTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; NI/AU; SURFACE; DIODES; GROWTH; NI AB A combinatorial library of Au/Ni metallizations on GaN was microstructurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The array of single- and bi-layered metal elements of systematically varying thicknesses was deposited by electron-beam evaporation on a GaN/c-sapphire wafer. The elements with a single layer of An on GaN had a fiber texture with <111> preferred growth orientation. TEM revealed a 2 nm thick amorphous contamination layer between the Au and GaN, which prevented the gold from being epitaxial. By contrast, nickel in both the single-layered Ni and bi-layered Au/Ni elements formed epitaxially on the GaN with a (111)(fcc)//(0001)(hex)<110>(fcc)//<11 (2) over bar 0>(hex) orientation relation, as served by TEM and EBSD. The Ni layer formed two types of domains related by a 60degrees rotation about <111>(fcc), which were replicated by the Au over-layer in the Au/Ni structures. The improved structural quality of the bi-layered Au/Ni as compared to the single-layered Au was due to the removal of native contamination from the GaN surface during the initial step of Ni deposition; this promoted epitaxial growth of both metal layers. However, as the nickel interlayer thickness was increased above 5 nm, the Au/Ni structural quality decreased, as measured by increased deviations from the (111)(fcc)//(0001)(hex) orientation relation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Davydov, AV (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00896-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 768CM UT WOS:000188510700005 ER PT J AU Schenck, PK Kaiser, DL Davydov, AV AF Schenck, PK Kaiser, DL Davydov, AV TI High throughput characterization of the optical properties of compositionally graded combinatorial films SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Japan-United States Workshop on Combinatorial Material Science and Technology CY DEC 09-11, 2002 CL WINTER PK, COLORADO DE reflectometry; thin films; optical properties; combinatorial ID GAN AB Compositionally graded combinatorial films have been characterized by a high throughput automated spectroscopic reflectometer. The data from this instrument were used to map the thickness and index of refraction of the compositionally varying films. Combinatorial films produced by dual-beam, dual-target pulsed laser deposition and characterized with the reflectometer include the BaTiO3-SrTiO3 system on silicon (dielectric and ferroelectric films). In addition, combinatorial Au/Ni electrical contacts on n-GaN/sapphire produced by electron-beam (e-beam) vaporization have been characterized with the spectroscopic reflectometer. The Au/Ni/n-GaN/sapphire structures were characterized both as-deposited and after annealing at 400 degreesC for 60 s in flowing argon. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schenck, PK (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.schenck@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.07.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 768CM UT WOS:000188510700032 ER PT J AU Knappe, S Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Knappe, S Hollberg, L Kitching, J TI Dark-line atomic resonances in submillimeter structures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-TRAPPING RESONANCES; VAPOR; CLOCKS AB We present measurements of dark-line resonances excited in cesium atoms confined in submillimeter, cells with a buffer gas. The width and contrast of the resonances were measured for cell lengths as low as 100 mum. The measured atomic Q factors are reduced in small cells because of frequent collisions of atoms with the cell walls. However, the contrast of coherent population trapping resonances measured in the small cells is similar in magnitude to that obtained in centimeter-sized cells, but substantially more laser intensity is needed to excite the resonance fully when increased buffer-gas pressure is used. The effect of the higher intensity on the linewidth is reduced because the intensity broadening rate decreases with buffer-gas pressure. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954 NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 388 EP 390 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000388 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 770BL UT WOS:000188703300022 PM 14971762 ER PT J AU Corwin, KL Thomann, I Dennis, T Fox, RW Swann, W Curtis, EA Oates, CW Wilpers, G Bartels, A Gilbert, SL Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, MF AF Corwin, KL Thomann, I Dennis, T Fox, RW Swann, W Curtis, EA Oates, CW Wilpers, G Bartels, A Gilbert, SL Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, MF TI Absolute-frequency measurements with a stabilized near-infrared optical frequency comb from a Cr : forsterite laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RB-87; FIBER AB A frequency comb is generated with a chromium-doped forsterite femtosecond laser, spectrally broadened in a dispersion-shifted highly nonlinear fiber, and stabilized. The resultant evenly spaced comb of frequencies ranges from 1.1 to beyond 1.8 mum. The frequency comb was referenced simultaneously to the National Institute of Standards and Technology's optical frequency standard based on neutral calcium and to a hydrogen maser that is calibrated by a cesium atomic fountain clock. With this comb we measured two frequency references in the telecommunications band: one half of the frequency of the d/f crossover transition in Rb-87 at 780 nm, and the methane nu(2) + 2nu(3) R(8) line at 1315 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Corwin, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM corwin@phys.ksu.edu RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Corwin, Kristan/A-1331-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000397 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 770BL UT WOS:000188703300025 PM 14971765 ER PT J AU Bartels, A Newbury, NR Thomann, I Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Bartels, A Newbury, NR Thomann, I Hollberg, L Diddams, SA TI Broadband phase-coherent optical frequency synthesis with actively linked Ti : sapphire and Cr : forsterite femtosecond lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; TIMING JITTER; OSCILLATOR; GENERATION; CONTINUUM; SYNCHRONIZATION; PULSES; COMB AB We link the output spectra of a Ti:sapphire and a Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser phase coherently to form a continuous frequency comb with a wavelength coverage of 0.57-1.45 mum at power levels of 1 nW to 40 muW per frequency mode. To achieve this, the laser repetition rates and the carrier-envelope offset frequencies are phase locked to each other. The coherence time between the individual components of the two combs is 40 mus. The timing jitter between the lasers is 20 fs. The combined frequency comb is self-referenced for access to its overall offset frequency. We report the first demonstration to our knowledge of an extremely broadband and continuous, high-powered and phase-coherent frequency comb from two femtosecond lasers with different gain media. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bartels, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM albrecht@boulder.nist.gov RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014; OI Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000403 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 770BL UT WOS:000188703300027 PM 14971767 ER PT J AU Mattoni, CEH Adams, CP Alvine, KJ Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Golub, R Korobkina, E McKinsey, DN Thompson, AK Yang, L Zabel, H Huffman, PR AF Mattoni, CEH Adams, CP Alvine, KJ Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Golub, R Korobkina, E McKinsey, DN Thompson, AK Yang, L Zabel, H Huffman, PR TI A long wavelength neutron monochromator for superthermal production of ultracold neutrons SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE neutron monochromators; intercalated graphite; fluorophlogopite; mosaic crystal; superthermal process; ultracold neutron production ID GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; COLD NEUTRONS; SPECTROMETER; HELIUM; MICA; UCN AB Production of ultracold neutrons (UCN) by single-phonon downscattering of cold neutrons from superfluid helium (the "superthermal process") utilizes input neutrons only in a narrow wavelength band around 0.89 nm. Delivering a monochromatic 0.89 nm neutron beam to a superfluid helium target reduces backgrounds in the UCN production region with minimal loss in the UCN production rate. The design, construction, and testing of a 0.89 nm neutron monochromator is reported herein. This monochromator is constructed from nine tiled pieces of stage 2 potassium-intercalated graphite with mosaics between 1.1degrees and 2.1degrees and reflectivities of (73-91)% at 0.89 nm. In addition to stage 2 potassium-intercalated graphite, fluorophlogopite and stage I potassium-intercalated graphite are also characterized. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. RP Huffman, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.huffman@nist.gov OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 344 IS 1-4 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.10.023 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 775KA UT WOS:000189038200047 ER PT J AU Olsen, A Trinanes, JA Wanninkhof, R AF Olsen, A Trinanes, JA Wanninkhof, R TI Sea-air flux of CO2 in the Caribbean Sea estimated using in situ and remote sensing data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Caribbean Sea; carbon dioxide; air-sea flux; remote sensing; AVHRR; MODIS; TMI; sea surface temperature ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NOAA/AVHRR DATA; SARGASSO-SEA; GAS-EXCHANGE; OCEAN; ACCURACY; PCO(2) AB Empirical relationships between sea surface carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO(2)(sw)) and sea surface temperature (SST) were applied to datasets of remotely sensed SST to create fCO(2)(sw) fields in the Caribbean Sea. SST datasets from different sensors were used, as well as the SST fields created by optimum interpolation of bias corrected AVHRR data. Empirical relationships were derived using shipboard fCO(2)(sw) data, in situ SST data, and SST data from the remote sensing platforms. The results show that the application of a relationship based on shipboard SST data, on fields of remotely sensed SST yields biased fCO(2)(sw) values. This bias is reduced if the fCO(2)(sw)-SST relationships are derived using the same SST data that are used to create the SST fields. The fCO(2)(sw) fields found to best reproduce observed fCO(2)(sw) are used in combination with wind speed data from QuikSCAT to create weekly maps of the sea-air CO2 flux in the Caribbean Sea in 2002. The region to the SW of Cuba was a source Of CO2 to the atmosphere throughout 2002, and the region to the NE was a sink during winter and spring and a source during summer and fall. The net uptake of CO2 in the region was doubled when potential skin layer effects on fCO(2)(sw) were taken into account. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Olsen, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM are@gfi.uib.no RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 89 IS 3 BP 309 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.011 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 768TA UT WOS:000188590100004 ER PT J AU Deeter, MN Emmons, LK Francis, GL Edwards, DP Gille, JC Warner, JX Khattatov, B Ziskin, D Lamarque, JF Ho, SP Yudin, V Attie, JL Packman, D Chen, J Mao, D Drummond, JR Novelli, P Sachse, G AF Deeter, MN Emmons, LK Francis, GL Edwards, DP Gille, JC Warner, JX Khattatov, B Ziskin, D Lamarque, JF Ho, SP Yudin, V Attie, JL Packman, D Chen, J Mao, D Drummond, JR Novelli, P Sachse, G TI Evaluation of operational radiances for the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument CO thermal band channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE MOPITT; validation; radiative transfer model ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; MIXING RATIOS; MODEL; RETRIEVAL AB The ability of operational radiative transfer models to accurately predict remote sensing instrument observations (e.g., calibrated radiances) over a wide variety of geophysical situations is critical to the performance of trace gas retrieval algorithms. As part of the validation of the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument, we present a technique for comparing operational calibrated thermal band (4.7 mum) Earth-view MOPITT radiances with corresponding values calculated using the MOPITT operational radiative transfer model. In situ carbon monoxide (CO) profiles sampled from aircraft in coordination with MOPITT overpasses serve as the foundation for MOPITT validation. Characteristics of radiance errors due to in situ sampling characteristics, CO temporal and spatial variability, and surface emissivity are discussed. Results indicate that radiance biases for most of the MOPITT thermal channel radiances are typically on the order of 1%. Observed radiance biases are largest and most variable for the pressure modulation cell difference-signal radiances, probably because of the lack of in situ data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Deeter, MN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mnd@ucar.edu; emmons@ucar.edu; gfrancis@ucar.edu; edwards@ucar.edu; gille@ucar.edu; juying@ucar.edu; boris@ucar.edu; ziskin@ucar.edu; lamar@ucar.edu; spho@ucar.edu; vyudin@ucar.edu; attjl@aero.obs-mip.fr; pack@ucar.edu; jschen@ucar.edu; dmao@ucar.edu; jim@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03308 DI 10.1029/2003JD003970 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QK UT WOS:000189052800004 ER PT J AU Stenchikov, G Hamilton, K Robock, A Ramaswamy, V Schwarzkopf, MD AF Stenchikov, G Hamilton, K Robock, A Ramaswamy, V Schwarzkopf, MD TI Arctic oscillation response to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption in the SKYHI general circulation model with a realistic quasi-biennial oscillation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Arctic oscillation; quasi-biennial oscillation; Pinatubo eruption ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; MOUNT-PINATUBO; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; MECHANISTIC MODEL; OZONE DEPLETION; TROPICAL OZONE; ANNULAR MODES; EL-CHICHON AB Stratospheric aerosol clouds from large tropical volcanic eruptions can be expected to alter the atmospheric radiative balance for a period of up to several years. Observations following several previous major eruptions suggest that one effect of the radiative perturbations is to cause anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter tropospheric circulation that can be broadly characterized as positive excursions of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). We report on a modeling investigation of the radiative and dynamical mechanisms that may account for the observed AO anomalies following eruptions. We focus on the best observed and strongest 20th century eruption, that of Mt. Pinatubo on 15 June 1991. The impact of the Pinatubo eruption on the climate has been the focus of a number of earlier modeling studies, but all of these previous studies used models with no quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical stratosphere. The QBO is a very prominent feature of interannual variability of tropical stratospheric circulation and could have a profound effect on the global atmospheric response to volcanic radiative forcing. Thus a complete study of the atmospheric variability following volcanic eruptions should include a realistic representation of the tropical QBO. Here we address, for the first time, this important issue. We employed a version of the SKYHI troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere model that effectively assimilates observed zonal mean winds in the tropical stratosphere to simulate a very realistic QBO. We performed an ensemble of 24 simulations for the period 1 June 1991 to 31 May 1993. These simulations included a realistic prescription of the stratospheric aerosol layer based on satellite observations. These integrations are compared to control integrations with no volcanic aerosol. The model produced a reasonably realistic representation of the positive AO response in boreal winter that is usually observed after major eruptions. Detailed analysis shows that the aerosol perturbations to the tropospheric winter circulation are affected significantly by the phase of the QBO, with a westerly QBO phase in the lower stratosphere resulting in an enhancement of the aerosol effect on the AO. Improved quantification of the QBO effect on climate sensitivity helps to better understand mechanisms of the stratospheric contribution to natural and externally forced climate variability. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08453 USA. RP Stenchikov, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM gera@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016 NR 67 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03112 DI 10.1029/2003JD003699 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QK UT WOS:000189052800001 ER PT J AU Stutz, J Alicke, B Ackermann, R Geyer, A Wang, SH White, AB Williams, EJ Spicer, CW Fast, JD AF Stutz, J Alicke, B Ackermann, R Geyer, A Wang, SH White, AB Williams, EJ Spicer, CW Fast, JD TI Relative humidity dependence of HONO chemistry in urban areas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; air pollution; HONO chemistry ID NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; NITRIC-ACID; WATER-VAPOR; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GAS-PHASE; SURFACES; PARTICLES; KINETICS; DIOXIDE AB [1] The role of nitrous acid, HONO, as a precursor for hydroxyl radicals in polluted urban air has been recognized for many years. The chemical processes leading to the formation of HONO are, however, still not well understood. Laboratory studies show that HONO formation occurs primarily on surfaces and is first order in NO2. Water also plays an important role in the conversion process. While the latter has been shown in the laboratory, little information is available regarding the influence of water on the NO2 and HONO chemistry in the real atmosphere. Here we present nocturnal DOAS measurements of HONO and NO2 from three field experiments. The observations show that [HONO]/[NO2] ratios between 10 and 30% relative humidity (RH) do not exceed 0.04, while values of up to 0.09 were observed at higher RH. These results are analyzed by interpreting the observed maximum [HONO]/[NO2] ratio at a given relative humidity as the pseudo steady state (PSS) between the heterogeneous NO2 to HONO conversion and the HONO loss on surfaces. Theoretical considerations show that the [HONO]/[NO2] ratio at the PSS is equal to the ratio of the heterogeneous NO2 to HONO conversion coefficient and the reactive HONO uptake coefficient, thus showing that these processes depend on the RH. This result implies that RH has to be considered in the parameterization of HONO formation in air pollution models. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Battelle Sci & Technol Int, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stutz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jochen@atmos.ucla.edu; bjoern.alicke@web.de; ralf.ackermann@al-lightning.com; andreas@atmos.ucla.edu; shw@atmos.ucla.edu; allen.b.white@noaa.gov; eric@al.noaa.gov; spicerc@battelle.org RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03307 DI 10.1029/2003JD004135 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QG UT WOS:000189052500002 ER PT J AU Yvon-Lewis, SA King, DB Tokarczyk, R Goodwin, KD Saltzman, ES Butler, JH AF Yvon-Lewis, SA King, DB Tokarczyk, R Goodwin, KD Saltzman, ES Butler, JH TI Methyl bromide and methyl chloride in the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; methyl chloride; air-sea flux ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NW ATLANTIC; ANTARCTICA; SEAWATER; TASMANIA; CH3BR; SINK AB Air and water concentrations of methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) were measured in the Southern Ocean (latitudes 45degrees-67degrees S, longitudes 144degrees-139degrees E) from late October through mid-December 2001. CH3Br and CH3Cl were undersaturated with mean saturation anomalies of -39 +/- 11% and -37 +/- 11% between 45degrees and 65degrees S. The minimum degradation rate constants needed to maintain these saturation anomalies are consistent with the observed total degradation rate constants, suggesting that there is no significant production of these gases in this region. Near the Antarctic coast (south of 65degreesS) the saturation anomalies for both gases decreased to approximately -80%, although CFC-11 measurements suggest these extreme anomalies are associated with enhanced vertical mixing rather than with degradation in the surface waters. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Yvon-Lewis, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM shari.yvon-lewis@noaa.gov RI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/E-4108-2012; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/0000-0003-1378-8434; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C2 AR C02008 DI 10.1029/2003JC001809 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 775QR UT WOS:000189053700002 ER PT J AU Aumentado, J Keller, MW Martinis, JM Devoret, MH AF Aumentado, J Keller, MW Martinis, JM Devoret, MH TI Nonequilibrium quasiparticles and 2e periodicity in single-Cooper-pair transistors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; JOSEPHSON AB We have fabricated single-Cooper-pair transistors in which the spatial profile of the superconducting gap energy was controlled by oxygen doping. The profile dramatically affects the switching current vs gate voltage curve of the transistor, changing its period from 1e to 2e. A model based on nonequilibrium quasiparticles in the leads explains our results, including the observation that even devices with a clean 2e period are "poisoned" by small numbers of these quasiparticles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aumentado, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jose.aumentado@boulder.nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 11 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 AR 066802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.066802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773WM UT WOS:000188947700043 PM 14995261 ER PT J AU Malm, WC Schichtel, BA Pitchford, ML Ashbaugh, LL Eldred, RA AF Malm, WC Schichtel, BA Pitchford, ML Ashbaugh, LL Eldred, RA TI Spatial and monthly trends in speciated fine particle concentration in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE regional haze; fine aerosol composition; aerosol monitoring ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ALPHA-PINENE; LOS-ANGELES; DUST; SULFUR; AIR; PRODUCTS AB [1] In the spring of 1985 an interagency consortium of federal land management agencies and the Environmental Protection Agency established the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments ( IMPROVE) network to assess visibility and aerosol monitoring for the purpose of tracking spatial and temporal trends of visibility and visibility-impairing particles in rural areas. The program was initiated with 20 monitoring sites and was expanded to 165 sites between 2000 and 2003. This paper reports on fine aerosol data collected in the year 2001 at 143 sites. The major fine (d(p) < 2.5 mu m) particle aerosol species, sulfates, nitrates, organics, light-absorbing carbon, and wind-blown dust, and coarse gravimetric mass are monitored, and at some sites, light scattering and/or extinction are measured. Sulfates, carbon, and crustal material are responsible for most of the fine mass at the majority of locations throughout the United States, while at sites in southern California and the midwestern United States, nitrates can contribute significantly. In the eastern United States, sulfates contribute between 50 and 60% of the fine mass. Sulfate concentrations tend to be highest in the summer months while organic concentrations can be high in the spring, summer, or fall seasons, depending upon fire-related emissions. However, at the two urban sites, Phoenix, Arizona, and Puget Sound, Washington, organics peak during the winter months. Nitrate concentrations also tend to be highest during the winter months. During the spring months in many areas of the western United States, fine soil can contribute as much as 40% of fine mass. The temporal changes in soil concentration that occur simultaneously over much of the western United States including the Rocky Mountain region suggest a large source region, possibly long-range transport of Asian dust. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Desert Res Inst, Air Resources Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Malm, WC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, 200 W Lake St,1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM malm@cira.colostate.edu RI Ashbaugh, Lowell/G-3661-2011 NR 47 TC 211 Z9 212 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 12 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03306 DI 10.1029/2003JD003739 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QE UT WOS:000189052200001 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, TJ Minter, CF Codrescu, MV AF Fuller-Rowell, TJ Minter, CF Codrescu, MV TI Data assimilation for neutral thermospheric species during geomagnetic storms SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; geomagnetic storms; thermospheric composition; space weather; Kalman filter ID IONOSPHERIC CORRECTION MODEL AB [1] During a geomagnetic storm, Joule heating heats the neutral gas and drives horizontally divergent winds which force upwelling of the neutral atmosphere. The heavier molecular species N-2 and O-2, abundant in the lower thermosphere, are transported to high altitude where they increase the loss rate of the F region ionosphere. The "bulge'' of enhanced molecular species, or depleted atomic oxygen, is long-lived, returning to equilibrium mainly through the slow process of molecular diffusion. Its longevity, of the order of a day, enables the global wind system to transport the composition disturbance over thousands of kilometers, driven by the combination of quiet and storm-time wind fields. In a stand-alone physical model the formation and subsequent movement of the composition features depend on accurate specification of the spatial and temporal distribution of the Joule heating from the magnetosphere and knowledge of the time-dependent wind fields to define the transport. Neither is sufficiently well known given current observational capability. An alternative approach is to combine the knowledge contained in a physical model with observations of the thermospheric composition. It has been demonstrated that FUV images can provide a reliable estimate of the magnitude and structure of oxygen-depleted regions on the sunlit side of Earth. A Kalman filter data assimilation method has been developed to combine FUV observations with a physical model in order to optimally define the global distribution of neutral thermosphere composition. This distribution is used as one of the important drivers in a model for Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) in order to improve specification and forecast of the response of the ionosphere to geomagnetic storms. C1 Univ Colorado, Space Environm Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Space Environm Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 12 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S03 DI 10.1029/2002RS002835 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 775RD UT WOS:000189055100002 ER PT J AU Dutton, EG Farhadi, A Stone, RS Long, CN Nelson, DW AF Dutton, EG Farhadi, A Stone, RS Long, CN Nelson, DW TI Long-term variations in the occurrence and effective solar transmission of clouds as determined from surface-based total irradiance observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE clouds; solar irradiance; climate ID LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SOUTH-POLE; RADIATION; CLIMATE; IRIS; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CLOUDINESS; ATMOSPHERE AB Time series of cloud solar transmission and cloud occurrence frequency are developed for the past 27 years at four globally remote and climatically diverse surface locations. A new methodology is developed that objectively segregates times of cloud-free conditions from those times when clouds are detected in high-time-resolution total solar irradiance observations that are obtained from pyranometers. The methodology for cloud detection depends on the magnitude and short-term variability of observed departures from clear-sky conditions. Expected clear-sky irradiances are based on interpolated clear-sky observations. Results of the new cloud detection methodology are compared to four independent cloud detection methods. An effective cloud transmission is determined as the ratio of observed irradiance in the presence of clouds to that expected in the absence of clouds. Selective forward scattering by clouds toward the observation site results in computed effective transmissions frequently being >1.0. It is shown that conditional temporal averaging of effective cloud transmission over periods of three days or more virtually eliminates the unrealistic cloud transmissions exceeding 1.0. Such temporal averaging of the surface measurements is advantageous for comparing against other area-wide cloud transmission estimates, such as those determined from satellite or by numerical climate models. The cloud occurrence frequency and the effective solar transmission for long-term observational records are summarized into monthly and annual averages, and their long-term variability is investigated. Temporal variations in frequency distributions of transmission are used to determine which clouds are responsible for changes in mean cloudiness. A statistically significant upward trend in cloud occurrence frequency, from 76 to 82% between 1976 and 2001, is detected at Barrow, Alaska, where clouds having solar transmission near 0.2 exhibit the largest increase. At the South Pole, decadal timescale oscillations in both cloud characteristics are detected, but no particular cloud category is identified as the source of that oscillation. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dutton, EG (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ellsworth.g.dutton@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03204 DI 10.1029/2003JD003568 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775QB UT WOS:000189051900002 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Trainer, VL Scholz, NL AF Lefebvre, KA Trainer, VL Scholz, NL TI Morphological abnormalities and sensorimotor deficits in larval fish exposed to dissolved saxitoxin SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE saxitoxin; algal toxin; zebrafish; Danio rerio; fish; harmful algal bloom; paralytic shellfish poisoning; PSP; neurotoxin ID SODIUM-CHANNELS; DANIO-RERIO; DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS; ZEBRAFISH; BLOOM; TETRODOTOXIN; MEMBRANES; BINDING; IMPACT; EMBRYO AB The dietary uptake of one suite of dinoflagellate-produced neurotoxins, that are commonly called paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, is known to cause acute fish kills. However, little is known about the effects of dissolved phase exposure and the potential sublethal effects of this route of exposure on early developmental stages of fish. Toxin exposure during early development is of particular concern because the embryos and larvae of some marine fish species may be unable to actively avoid the dissolved toxins that algal cells release into the water column during harmful algal blooms. Here we use the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model experimental system to explore the sublethal effects of a dissolved PSP toxin, saxitoxin (STX), on early development in fish, including sensorimotor function, morphology, and long-term growth and survival. Aqueous phase exposures of 229 +/- 7 mug STX eq.l(-1) caused reductions in sensorimotor function as early as 48 h postfertilization (hpf) and paralysis in all larvae by 4 days postfertilization (dpf). Rohon-Beard mechanosensory neurons appeared to be more sensitive to STX than dorsal root ganglion neurons at this dose. Additionally, exposure to 481 +/- 40 mug STX eq. l(-1) resulted in severe edema of the eye, pericardium, and yolk sac in all exposed larvae by 6 dpf. The onset of paralysis in STX-exposed larvae was stage-specific, with older larvae becoming paralyzed more quickly than younger larvae (5 h at 6 dpf as compared to 8 and 46 h for 4 and 2 dpf larvae, respectively). When transferred to clean water, many larvae recovered from the morphological and sensorimotor effects of STX. Thus, the sublethal effects of the toxin on larval morphology and behavior were reversible. However, zebrafish exposed to STX transiently during larval development (from 2 to 4 dpf) had significantly reduced growth and survival at 18 and 30 days of age. Collectively, these data show that (1) dissolved phase STX is bioavailable to fish embryos and larvae, (2) the toxin is a paralytic with potencies that are stage-specific for fish larvae, (3) the observed toxicological effects of STX exposure are reversible, and (4) a short-term toxin exposure can negatively impact the survival of fish several weeks later. Dissolved algal toxins may therefore have important sublethal effects on vulnerable species of fish. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kathi.lefebvre@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 52 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.08.006 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 800CR UT WOS:000220007000005 PM 15036871 ER PT J AU Staudigel, H Hart, SR Koppers, AAP Constable, C Workman, R Kurz, M Baker, ET AF Staudigel, H Hart, SR Koppers, AAP Constable, C Workman, R Kurz, M Baker, ET TI Hydrothermal venting at Vailulu'u Seamount: The smoking end of the Samoan chain SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; seamount; hot spots; oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems; information related to geographic region : Pacific Ocean; marine geology and geophysics : heat flow (benthic) and hydrothermal processes ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; AXIAL VOLCANO; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; HEAT-FLUX; PLUMES; FLUIDS; CIRCULATION; MANGANESE AB [1] The summit crater of Vailulu'u Seamount, the youngest volcano in the Samoan chain, hosts an active hydrothermal system with profound impact on the ocean water column inside and around its crater ( 2 km wide and 407 m deep at a 593 m summit depth). The turbidity of the ocean water reaches 1.4 NTU, values that are higher than in any other submarine hydrothermal system. The water is enriched in hydrothermal Mn (3.8 ppb) and He-3 (1 x 10(-11) cc/g) and we measured water temperature anomalies near the crater floor up to 0.2degreesC. The hydrothermal system shows complex interactions with the ocean currents around Vailulu'u that include tidally-modulated vertical motions of about 40 - 50 m, and replenishment of waters into the crater through breaches in the upper half of the crater wall. Inside and outside potential density gradients suggest that hydrothermal venting exports substantial amounts of water from the crater (1.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(8) m(3)/day), which is in good agreement with fluxes obtained from a tracer release experiment inside the crater of Vailulu'u (0.8 x 10(8) m(3)/day [ Hart et al., 2003]). This mass flux, in combination with the differences in the inside and outside crater temperature, yields a power output of around 760 megawatts, the equivalent of 20 - 100 MOR black smokers. The Mn output of 300 kg/day is approximately ten times the output of a single black smoker. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Staudigel, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hstaudigel@ucsd.edu; shart@whoi.edu; akoppers@ucsd.edu; cconstable@ucsd.edu; rworkman@whoi.edu; mkurz@whoi.edu; edward.baker@noaa.gov RI Constable, Catherine/F-7784-2010 OI Constable, Catherine/0000-0003-4534-4977 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q02003 DI 10.1029/2003GC000626 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 775PH UT WOS:000189049800001 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Q TI Nearly symmetric and nearly baroclinic instabilities in the presence of diffusivity. Part 2. Mode structures and energetics SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB The structures and energetics of nearly symmetric modes and nearly baroclinic modes are analysed in detail to examine their instability mechanisms. It is shown that the nearly symmetric modes have their cross-band circulations slanted mainly between the along-band absolute-momentum surface and buoyancy surface of the basic state. Their growth is thus supported mainly by the symmetric-type energy conversion that transports energy from the basic-state along-band velocity and buoyancy to the perturbation along-band velocity and buoyancy, respectively, and then to the crossband circulation. However, as the band orientations are tilted slightly away from the basic shear, the growth is also assisted by the baroclinic-type energy conversion that transports energy from the basic-state buoyancy to the perturbation buoyancy via the along-band advection and then to the cross-band circulation. When the band orientation is tilted to the warm (or cold) side of the basic shear, the baroclinic-type energy conversion smooths (or sharpens) the near-boundary structures and thus reduces (enhances) the effect of diffusive damping, especially near the non-slip boundaries. This explains why in the presence of diffusivity the symmetric instability yields to the nearly symmetric instability with the band orientation tilted slightly to the warm side of the basic shear. The nearly baroclinic modes transport warm air northward with rising motion and cold air southward with sinking motion, so their growth is supported mainly by the baroclinic-type energy conversion. Since the band orientations are not exactly perpendicular to the basic shear, the growth is also assisted by two additional energy conversions: (1) from the basic-state buoyancy through the cross-band horizontal advection to the perturbation buoyancy; and (ii) from the basic-state along-band velocity to the perturbation along-band velocity. When the band orientation is tilted, by nearly 90degrees or less, to the warm (or cold) side of the basic shear, the two additional energy conversions smooth (or sharpen) the near-boundary structures and thus reduce (enhance) the effect of diffusive damping, especially near the non-slip boundaries. This explains why the baroclinic instability yields to the warm-side tilted nearly baroclinic instability in the presence of diffusivity. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.XU@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 500 BP 283 EP 312 DI 10.1017/S0022112003007286 PG 30 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 809LS UT WOS:000220638800014 ER PT J AU Garcia, HA AF Garcia, HA TI Forecasting methods for occurrence and magnitude of proton storms with solar soft X rays SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE forecasting; proton events ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; EMISSION MEASURE; FLARES; TEMPERATURE AB [ 1] Solar energetic proton ( SEP) events in the vicinity of Earth have the potential of affecting the performance of civilian, military, and research satellites, including such diverse functions as communications, spacecraft operations, surveillance, navigation, and life support systems. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ( NOAA) Space Environment Center and the U. S. Air Force Weather Agency cooperate to provide advance warnings of SEP events. Their explicit duties include the need to continually upgrade and improve the accuracy, timeliness, and scope of SEP forecasts. Previous work on this topic established the empirical connection between SEPs and low-temperature X-ray flares. The main focus of the present work is to improve the quality of SEP forecasts by enhancing the size and content of the flare database used to quantify the probability model, tuning the model with imposed operational constraints, and augmenting each SEP prediction with an estimate of the magnitude of the particle event itself. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garcia, HA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM howard.a.garcia@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 AR UNSP S02002 DI 10.1029/2003SW000001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 907ZX UT WOS:000227757900001 ER PT J AU Pipino, ACR Hoefnagels, JPM Watanabe, N AF Pipino, ACR Hoefnagels, JPM Watanabe, N TI Absolute surface coverage measurement using a vibrational overtone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE ABSORBENCY SENSOR; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PHASE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; CAVITY-RING; GAS-PHASE; EFFECTIVE CHARGES; POLAR TENSORS; THIN-FILMS AB Determination of absolute surface coverage with sub-monolayer sensitivity is demonstrated using evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) and conventional CRDS by employing conservation of the absolute integrated absorption intensity between gas and adsorbed phases. The first C-H stretching overtones of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene, and trans-dichloroethylene are probed using the idler of a seeded optical parametric amplifier having a 0.075 cm(-1) line width. Polarized absolute adsorbate spectra are obtained by EW-CRDS using a fused-silica monolithic folded resonator having a finesse of 28 500 at 6050 cm(-1), while absolute absorption cross sections for the gas-phase species are determined by conventional CRDS. A measure of the average transition moment orientation on the surface, which is utilized for the coverage determination, is derived from the polarization anisotropy of the surface spectra. Coverage measurement by EW-CRDS is compared to a mass-spectrometer-based surface-uptake technique, which we also employ for coverage measurements of TCE on thermally grown SiO2 surfaces. To assess the potential for environmental sensing, we also compare EW-CRDS to optical waveguide techniques developed previously for TCE detection. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pipino, ACR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.pipino@nist.gov RI Hoefnagels, Johan/G-5810-2011 OI Hoefnagels, Johan/0000-0001-8359-7575 NR 83 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 6 BP 2879 EP 2888 DI 10.1063/1.1637338 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 773CQ UT WOS:000188880500039 PM 15268435 ER PT J AU Simmons, V Hubbard, JB AF Simmons, V Hubbard, JB TI Molecular dynamics study of the surface tension of a binary immiscible fluid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PRESSURE TENSOR; LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES; POLYMER BLENDS; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; VAPOR AB The planar interface between two liquids having two degrees of affinity to mix has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The surface tension is calculated from the normal, P-N, and transverse, P-T, components of the pressure tensor P for a wide range of temperatures. An unusual increase in surface tension with increasing temperature is attributed to a pressure induced void transfer mechanism that is justified by basic thermodynamic arguments. This effect is diminished on the addition of a modest attractive potential between the two species, and there is a turnover point at higher temperatures beyond which the surface tension decreases with increasing temperature. An order parameter is identified as the gradient of the mole fraction distribution through the interfacial region. An additional effect is the dramatic inversion of the kinetic and potential contributions to the P-N profile as the temperature is varied. It is found that a commonly used approximation for P, the Irving-Kirkwood 1 or IK1 method, results in a relatively modest unphysical variability in P-N that weakly violates the condition of local mechanical stability. However, this artifact does not prevent the IK1 method from producing an interfacial tension which is nearly identical to that derived from the complete IK formula with no additional approximations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmons, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 6 BP 2893 EP 2900 DI 10.1063/1.1637340 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 773CQ UT WOS:000188880500041 PM 15268437 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Juang, HMH Li, WP Prince, S DeFries, R Jiao, Y Vasic, R AF Xue, YK Juang, HMH Li, WP Prince, S DeFries, R Jiao, Y Vasic, R TI Role of land surface processes in monsoon development: East Asia and West Africa SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE land surface; monsoon; SSiB ID EURASIAN SNOW COVER; TROPICAL NORTH-AFRICA; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; SOIL-MOISTURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; APPARENT RELATIONSHIP; WEATHER PREDICTION; REGIONAL CLIMATE; BIOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE AB Evidence is presented that exchanges of water and energy between the vegetation and the atmosphere play an important role in east Asian and West African monsoon development and are among the most important mechanisms governing the development of the monsoon. The results were obtained by conducting simulations for five months of 1987 using a general circulation model (GCM) coupled with two different land surface parameterizations, with and without explicit vegetation representations, referred to as the GCM/vegetation and the GCM/soil, respectively. The two land surface models produced similar results at the planetary scale but substantial differences at regional scales, especially in the monsoon regions and some of the large continental areas. In the simulation with GCM/soil, the east Asian summer monsoon moisture transport and precipitation were too strong in the premonsoon season, and an important east Asian monsoon feature, the abrupt monsoon northward jump, was unclear. In the GCM/vegetation simulation, the abrupt northward jump and other monsoon evolution processes were simulated, such as the large-scale turning of the low-level airflow during the early monsoon stage in both regions. With improved initial soil moisture and vegetation maps, the intensity and spatial distribution of the summer precipitation were also improved. The two land surface representations produced different longitudinal and latitudinal sensible heat gradients at the surface that, in turn, influenced the low-level temperature and pressure gradients, wind flow (through geostrophic balance), and moisture transport. It is suggested that the great east-west thermal gradient may contribute to the abrupt northward jump and the latitudinal heating gradient may contribute to the clockwise and counterclockwise turning of the low-level wind. The results showed that under unstable atmospheric conditions, not only low-frequency mean forcings from the land surface, such as monthly mean albedo, but also the perturbation processes of vegetation were important to the monsoon evolution, affecting its intensity, the spatial distribution of precipitation, and associated circulation at the continental scale. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Quebec, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, 1255 Bunche Hall,UCLA Box 951524, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu; wd20hh@ncep.noaa.gov; wli@weber.sscnet.ucla.edu; sp43@umail.umd.edu; rd63@umail.umd.edu; jiao@atlas.sca.uqam.ca; rvasic@weber.sscnet.ucla.edu NR 77 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 6 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03105 DI 10.1029/2003JD003556 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775MK UT WOS:000189044600001 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Hubbard, K Redmond, K AF Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Hubbard, K Redmond, K TI Temporal variations in frost-free season in the United States: 1895-2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; IMPACT; USA AB A newly available data set of daily temperature observations was used to study the temporal variability of the frost-free season, based on an inclusive 0 degreesC threshold, for 1895 - 2000 in the conterminous United States. A national average time series of the length of the frost-free season is characterized by 3 distinct regimes. The period prior to 1930 was notable for decreasing frost-free season length from 1895 to aminimum around 1910, followed by a marked increase in length of about 1 week from 1910 to 1930. During 1930 1980, frost-free season length was near the period average with relatively little decadal-scale variability. Since 1980, frost-free season length has increased by about 1 week. The national average increase in frost-free season length from the beginning to the end of the 20th Century is about 2 weeks. Frost-free season length has increased much more in the western U. S. than in the eastern U. S. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Western Reg Climate Ctr, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM kkunkel@uiuc.edu RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 NR 13 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03201 DI 10.1029/2003GL018624 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775MA UT WOS:000189043500004 ER PT J AU Ruette, F Sanchez, M Mendoza, C Sierraalta, A Martorell, G Gonzalez, C AF Ruette, F Sanchez, M Mendoza, C Sierraalta, A Martorell, G Gonzalez, C TI Calculation of one-center integrals in parametric methods using simulated annealing and simplex methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY NOV 01-02, 2002 CL JACKSON, MI SP USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, CREST Program, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE parametric methods; atomic calculation; semiempirical; atomic parameters; atomic excitations ID MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY; TRANSITION; HAMILTONIANS; ELEMENTS; STATES AB A methodology to compute the one-center integrals required for molecular calculations in parametric methods is presented. It is based on the simulated annealing technique combined with the simplex method, which are used to calculate parameterized one-center integrals in atomic systems. It is found that for an adequate selection of electronic states it is possible to obtain a set of parameters that reproduce accurately the experimental atomic excitation energies. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Lab Quim Computac, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Inst Univ Tecnol Federico Rivero Palacio, Dept Quim, Caracas, Venezuela. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Lab Fis Computac, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Lab Quim Computac, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM asierral@ivic.ve NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1002/qua.10718 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 762VY UT WOS:000188003900003 ER PT J AU Ruette, F Sanchez, M Martorell, G Gonzalez, C Anez, R Sierraalta, A Rincon, L Mendoza, C AF Ruette, F Sanchez, M Martorell, G Gonzalez, C Anez, R Sierraalta, A Rincon, L Mendoza, C TI CATIVIC: Parametric quantum chemistry package for catalytic reactions: I SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY NOV 01-02, 2002 CL JACKSON, MI SP USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, CREST Program, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE parametric method; semiempirical; catalysis; zeolite; CATIVIC ID TRANSITION-METALS; THEORETICAL TOOLS; SIMULATION; HAMILTONIANS; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; CLUSTER; STATES; ATOMS AB A quantum chemistry package for catalytic reactions, referred to as CATIVIC and based on simulation techniques of parametric Hamiltonians, is presented. We describe in detail the computational procedures for modeling adsorption on a catalytic substrate, e specially the parameterization scheme using examples of atomic Al and Al-X bonds (X = H, N, O, Si, Fe) for atomic and-molecular parameters. The code features are illustrated with the adsorption of NO on models of ZSM-5 zeolite doped with Fe. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Lab Quim Computac, Caracas, Venezuela. Inst Univ Tecnol Federico Rivero Palacio, Dept Quim, Caracas, Venezuela. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Lab Fis Computac, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Lab Quim Computac, Apartado 21827, Caracas, Venezuela. EM fruette@ivic.ve RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1002/qua.10719 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 762VY UT WOS:000188003900005 ER PT J AU Feria, L Gonzalez, C Castro, M AF Feria, L Gonzalez, C Castro, M TI Theoretical study of the energetic and possible intermediates of the CH3CH2O2 self-reaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY NOV 01-02, 2002 CL JACKSON, MICHIGAN SP USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, CREST Program, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE self-reaction; ethyl peroxyl radical; theoretical study ID HYDROPEROXYL RADICAL DIMER; SPECTRA; CH3O2 AB By means of ab initio and density functional theory methods we have studied the geometry and electronic structure of the ethyl peroxyl radical, CH3CH2O2, and of the tetraoxide intermediates, CH3CH2O4CH2CH3, involved in the self-reaction of this radical. These kinds of reactions may occur in the troposphere and, depending on the structure of the intermediates, the following pathways are originated: (1) 2CH(3)CH(2)O(2) --> 2CH(3)CH(2)O + O-2, (II) 2CH(3)CH(2)O(2) ---> CH3CH2OH + CH3CHO + O-2, and (III) 2CH(3)CH(2)O(2) --> CH3CH2O2CH2CH3 + O-2. The energetic of these three reactions was also addressed. With the aid of the Gaussian 98 package, full geometry optimizations, electronic structure, vibrational frequencies, and total energies were determined for reactives, intermediates, and products of each pathway. Calculations, of the all-electron type, were done at the Hartree-Fock (HF), MP2, and B3LYP levels of theory using 6-31IG(2d,2p) orbital basis sets. It was found that the B3LYP results, for the enthalpy of the reactions, DeltaH(r), are in better agreement with the experiment than the HF and PMP2 estimates. Indeed, the DeltaH(r), for paths I and II, including zero-point energies, are +23 and -80.2 kcal/mol, respectively, which compares well with the experimental values: +5.5 and -82.0 kcal/mol. Our prediction for DeltaH(r), of path III is -29.7 kcal/mol. Moreover, three intermediates, A, B, and C, of different geometry and energy were found. The structure of each intermediate is closely connected with the products obtained in each reaction path, as determined experimentally. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, DEPg, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feria, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, DEPg, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM lety_feria@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 380 EP 393 DI 10.1002/qua.10732 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 762VY UT WOS:000188003900012 ER PT J AU Jakob, C Pincus, R Hannay, C Xu, KM AF Jakob, C Pincus, R Hannay, C Xu, KM TI Use of cloud radar observations for model evaluation: A probabilistic approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE model evaluation; probabilistic verification; cloud radar ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ECMWF MODEL; SIMULATION; LAYER AB [1] The use of narrow-beam, ground-based active remote sensors ( such as cloud radars and lidars) for long-term observations provides valuable new measurements of the vertical structure of cloud fields. These observations might be quite valuable as tests for numerical simulations, but the vastly different spatial and temporal scales of the observations and simulation must first be reconciled. Typically, the observations are averaged over time and those averages are claimed to be representative of a given model spatial scale, though the equivalence of temporal and spatial averages is known to be quite tenuous. This paper explores an alternative method of model evaluation based on the interpretation of model cloud predictions as probabilistic forecasts at the observation point. This approach requires no assumptions about statistical stationarity and allows the use of an existing, well-developed suite of analytic tools. Time-averaging and probabilistic evaluation techniques are contrasted, and their performance is explored using a set of "perfect'' forecasts and observations extracted from a long cloud system model simulation of continental convection. This idealized example demonstrates that simple time averaging always obscures forecast skill regardless of model domain size. Reliability diagrams are more robust, though scalar scores derived from the diagrams are sensitive to the forecast probability distribution. Forecasts by cloud system and weather forecasting models then provide examples as to how probabilistic techniques might be used in a variety of contexts. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jakob, C (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289K,150 Lonsdale St, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM c.jakob@bom.gov.au; robert.pincus@colorado.edu; cecile.hannay@noaa.gov; k.m.xu@larc.nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D3 AR D03202 DI 10.1029/2003JD003473 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775MJ UT WOS:000189044500002 ER PT J AU Monti, OLA Fourkas, JT Nesbitt, DJ AF Monti, OLA Fourkas, JT Nesbitt, DJ TI Diffraction-limited photogeneration and characterization of silver nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GOLD CLUSTERS; NOBLE-METALS; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SERS AB Visible-light-induced photogeneration of silver nanoparticles in a diffraction-limited focal region is demonstrated. The photochemical growth depends quadratically on illumination intensity indicative of a multiphoton generation process, with the identity of the silver nanoparticles confirmed by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy. Mie simulations of the absorption spectrum reveal a size distribution dominated by Ag particles with radii in the range of a few nanometers. Spectrally resolved laser excitation and emission studies demonstrate that the likely luminescence source is surface-enhanced Raman scattering from silver nanoparticles, with spectral jumps occurring on a time scale comparable to that of fluctuations in the total luminescence intensity. Possible routes for the photogeneration process as well as identity of the Raman-active species are discussed. Such diffraction-limited photoproduction methods for luminescent silver nanoparticles offer novel routes toward optical data storage and nanometer-scale molecular sensing. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Fourkas, John/B-3500-2009 OI Fourkas, John/0000-0002-4522-9584 NR 73 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1604 EP 1612 DI 10.1021/jp030492c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 768UH UT WOS:000188553100015 ER PT J AU Gnaeupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Fields, RJ Foecke, TJ Xia, ZC Lienert, U AF Gnaeupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Fields, RJ Foecke, TJ Xia, ZC Lienert, U TI A synchrotron study of residual stresses in a Al6022 deep drawn cup SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE springback; sheet metal forming; stress; synchrotron ID SPRINGBACK AB Fueled by pressures to reduce scrap and tooling costs, the modeling and prediction of springback has become a major focus of interest in sheet metal forming. Finite element codes and packages are being developed or improved but face the demand for higher predictive accuracy which, in turn, requires accurate property data and a more complete understanding of the stresses that are responsible for the elastic part of the springback. In order to provide experimental data for these calculations, synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out in order to determine the through-thickness distribution of axial and tangential residual stresses in an A16022 deep drawn cup. The technique is able to provide true spatial resolutions of 0.05 mm for a strain measurement on a cup with 0.92 mm wall thickness. It is found that both axial and tangential stresses exhibit non-linear gradients through thickness and both exhibit a pronounced dependency on the axial position. The springback measured on a split ring cut from the cup agrees within 3% accuracy with the value predicted from the average of measured through-thickness stresses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ford Motor Co, Sci Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaeupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 366 IS 1 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.059 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 764PV UT WOS:000188216000014 ER PT J AU Hansen, LJ Schwacke, LH Mitchum, GB Hohn, AA Wells, RS Zolman, ES Fair, PA AF Hansen, LJ Schwacke, LH Mitchum, GB Hohn, AA Wells, RS Zolman, ES Fair, PA TI Geographic variation in polychorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide concentrations in the blubber of bottlenose dolphins from the US Atlantic coast SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphins; cetaceans; organochlorines; polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs); marine mammals ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; SEAL HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; 1987/88 MASS MORTALITY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SMALL CETACEANS; MARINE MAMMALS; PILOT WHALES; FATTY-ACIDS; ST-LAWRENCE AB Concentrations of polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other organochlorine contaminants (OCs) were measured in blubber collected from live bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at three sites along the United States Atlantic coast. Dolphins were sampled via surgical biopsy during capture-release studies near Charleston, South Carolina and Beaufort, North Carolina. Additional animals were sampled using remote biopsy techniques in estuarine waters near Charleston and from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Overall concentrations of major contaminant groups were found to vary between sites and mean concentrations of most OCs from male dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon were less than half of those measured from Charleston and Beaufort males. Geometric mean total PCB concentrations were 30, 27 and 14 mug/g lipid for male dolphins sampled in Beaufort, Charleston and the Indian River Lagoon, respectively Significant variation related to sex- and age-class, as well as geographic sampling location, was seen in the PCB congener profiles. The measured PCB concentrations, although lower than those reported for stranded animals from the 1987/1988 epizootic along the United States mid-Atlantic coast, are sufficiently high to warrant concern for the health of dolphins from the sampled populations, particularly the animals near Charleston and Beaufort. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 42 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 319 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00371-1 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776QM UT WOS:000189128000012 PM 14967508 ER PT J AU Kaplan, A Cane, MA Chen, D Witter, DL Cheney, RE AF Kaplan, A Cane, MA Chen, D Witter, DL Cheney, RE TI Small-scale variability and model error in tropical Pacific sea level SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE tropical sea level; small-scale variability; ocean modeling; data assimilation ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; EL-NINO; OCEAN CIRCULATION; COUPLED MODEL; TOPEX/POSEIDON; INITIALIZATION; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; TOPEX AB [1] Monthly interannual anomalies of tropical Pacific sea level height from TOPEX/ Poseidon altimetry are compared with simulation and assimilation products from a variety of models, ranging from a simple linear long wave approximation to ocean general circulation models. Major spatial similarities in the error patterns are identified. These include zonally elongated maxima in the northwest and southwest tropical Pacific Ocean, a band of high values near 10 degreesN, slightly inclined toward the equator from the Central American coast, and low values on the equator and in the southeastern tropical Pacific. These features are also present in the pattern of small-scale variability (SSV) of sea level height. Spatial and temporal components of this SSV are analyzed for predominant variability types. Monte Carlo experiments identify the areas where high SSV is wind-driven, caused by a similar pattern of variability in the wind stress. Model products systematically underestimate signal variance in such areas. Variability in other areas is due to the instability of ocean currents. The major component of uncertainty in the gridded satellite altimeter analyses is due to sampling error, for which estimates are developed and verified. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kaplan, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM alexeyk@ldeo.columbia.edu; mcane@ldeo.columbia.edu; dchen@ldeo.columbia.edu; dwitter@kent.edu; Robert.Cheney@noaa.gov RI Chen, Dake/E-7082-2011 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C2 AR C02001 DI 10.1029/2002JC001743 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 775MM UT WOS:000189044800001 ER PT J AU Tokumasu, F Hwang, J Dvorak, JA AF Tokumasu, F Hwang, J Dvorak, JA TI Heterogeneous molecular distribution in supported multicomponent lipid bilayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DOMAIN FORMATION; RAFTS; CHOLESTEROL; MEMBRANES; BIOLOGY AB Membrane domains contribute important structural and functional attributes to biological membranes. We describe the heterogeneous nanoscale distribution of lipid molecules within microscale membrane domains in multicomponent lipid bilayers composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dilauroylphosphatidyleholine (DLPC), and cholesterol (chol). The lipids were labeled with the fluorescent lipid analogues Bodipy-PC and DiI-C20:0 to identify the distribution of individual membrane components. We used a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) at room temperature to identify the nanoscale structures in the membrane. Simultaneous multicolor NSOM imaging at the emission maxima of the fluorescent analogues revealed a patchy distribution of Bodipy-PC and DiI-C20:0 indicative of phase separations in the bilayer. In a cholesterol-free system (DPPC/DLPC = 1:1), NSOM images proved that the two phosphatidylcholine molecules can coexist in domains at the micrometer level but form nanoscopic patches within the domains; DPPC occurs at the edge of the domains, whereas DLPC is present throughout the domains. In the presence of cholesterol (DPPC/DLPC = 7:3, chol = 18.9%), the two lipid molecules were more miscible but incomplete phase separations also occurred. The average domain sizes were 140-200 nm, well below the resolution capabilities of diffraction-limited light microscopy techniques; the domains were unresolvable by confocal microscopy. Our high-resolution NSOM studies of membrane domain behavior provide a better understanding of complex membrane phase phenomena in multicomponent biological membranes. C1 NIAID, Biochem & Biophys Parasitol Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dvorak, JA (reprint author), NIAID, Biochem & Biophys Parasitol Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bldg 4,Rm B2-11,4 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jdvorak@niaid.nih.gov OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 FU ORS NIH HHS [Y3-OR-1341-01] NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 614 EP 618 DI 10.1021/la0355388 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 769QE UT WOS:000188660600015 PM 15773083 ER PT J AU Chandler, EL Smith, AL Burden, LM Kasianowicz, JJ Burden, DL AF Chandler, EL Smith, AL Burden, LM Kasianowicz, JJ Burden, DL TI Membrane surface dynamics of DNA-threaded nanopores revealed by simultaneous single-molecule optical and ensemble electrical recording SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; ION-CHANNEL; AFLATOXIN M-1; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; GRAMICIDIN; DIFFUSION; PROTEIN AB We describe a method for simultaneous single-molecule optical and electrical characterization of membrane-based sensors that contain ion-channel nanopores. The technique is used to study the specific and nonspecific interactions of streptavidin-capped DNA polymers with lipid bilayers composed of diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine and diphytanoyl phosphatidylglycerol. Biotinylated DNA that is bound to fluorescently labeled streptavidin is electrophoretically driven into, or away from, the lumen of alpha hemolysin (alphaHL) ion channels by an external electric field. Confocal microscopy simultaneously captures single-molecule fluorescence dynamics from the membrane interface at different applied potentials. Fluorescence correlation analysis is used to determine the surface number density and diffusion constant of membrane-associated complexes. The dual optical and electrical approach can detect membrane-associated species at a surface coverage below 10(-5) monolayers of streptavidin, a sensitivity that surpasses most other in vitro surface analysis techniques. By comparing the change in transmembrane current to the number of fluorescent molecules leaving the bilayer when the electrical potential is reversed, we demonstrate the general utility of the approach within the context of nanopore-based sensing and discuss a mechanism by which DNA-streptavidin complexes can be nonspecifically retained at the membrane interface. C1 Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. Biomol Nanotechnol & Measurements, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burden, DL (reprint author), Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM daniel.l.burden@wheaton.edu NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 898 EP 905 DI 10.1021/la035728i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 769QE UT WOS:000188660600053 PM 15773121 ER PT J AU Mihailescu, MR Marino, JP AF Mihailescu, MR Marino, JP TI A proton-coupled dynamic conformational switch in the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site kissing complex SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NCp7; RNA; NMR; fluorescence ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RNA DIMERIZATION; GENOMIC RNA; IN-VITRO; EXTENDED-DUPLEX; LOOP STRUCTURE; ADENINE PROTONATION; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; HAIRPIN RIBOZYME; NMR STRUCTURE AB In HIV type 1 (HIV-1), the dimerization initiation site (DIS) is the sequence primarily responsible for initiating the noncovalent linkage of two homologous strands of genomic RNA during viral assembly. The DIS loop contains an autocomplementary hexanucleotide sequence and forms a symmetric homodimer through a loop-loop kissing interaction. In a structural rearrangement catalyzed by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) and suggested to be associated with maturation of the budded viral particle, the DIS converts from a metastable kissing dinner to an extended duplex. Here, we demonstrate that the DIS kissing dimer displays localized conformational dynamics that result from the specific protonation of the N1 base nitrogen of the DIS loop residue A272 at near-physiological pH. The rate of NCp7-catalyzed maturation of the DIS kissing dimer is also shown to directly correlate with the observed proton-coupled conformational dynamics, where NCp7 is found to convert the dynamic A272 protonated state with a faster rate. Taken together, these results reveal a previously undescribed role for base protonation in modulating local RNA structure and demonstrate a mechanism for promoting the chaperone-mediated structural rearrangement of a kinetically trapped RNA conformational state. C1 Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM marino@carb.nist.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM059107, GM59107] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 3 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1194 DI 10.1073/pnas.0307966100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 771QD UT WOS:000188796800018 PM 14734802 ER PT J AU Uhlig, WC Shi, J AF Uhlig, WC Shi, J TI Systematic study of the magnetization reversal in patterned Co and NiFe Nanolines SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; NANOWIRES AB We report a universal dependence of switching field of patterned magnetic nanolines as a function of the linewidth for Co and NiFe films of various thicknesses. This dependence is shown to be consistent with a nucleation picture in which the magnetization reversal is controlled only by a small nucleus equivalent to a particle with an aspect ratio of 1.25, which spreads across the width of the nanoline. Micromagnetic simulation, taking into account of the edge roughness, agrees well with the observed results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Uhlig, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM uhlig@nist.gov NR 12 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 5 BP 759 EP 761 DI 10.1063/1.1645332 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 767WX UT WOS:000188497800039 ER PT J AU Conti, SG Roux, P Demer, DA de Rosny, J AF Conti, SG Roux, P Demer, DA de Rosny, J TI Measurement of the scattering and absorption cross sections of the human body SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL TARGET STRENGTH; REVERBERATION; VELOCITY AB Presented here are absolute measurements of the acoustic intensity scattered and absorbed by humans. The total scattering and absorption cross sections, sigma(T) and sigma(a), were obtained for individual humans walking randomly in a room, using long-duration acoustic reverberation. Within the audible range, the sound scattering spectra of the human body is similar to that of a hard ellipsoid with same volume (dimensions proportional to the mass to the one-third power). Moreover, increasing amounts of clothing have little effect on scattering while absorption is greatly increased. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Paris 07, ESPCI, Lab Ondes & Acoust, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Conti, SG (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stephane.conti@noaa.gov RI roux, philippe/B-8538-2014 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 5 BP 819 EP 821 DI 10.1063/1.1644626 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 767WX UT WOS:000188497800059 ER PT J AU Korter, TM Plusquellic, DF AF Korter, TM Plusquellic, DF TI Continuous-wave terahertz spectroscopy of biotin: vibrational anharmonicity in the far-infrared SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; PHOTOMIXERS; ELEMENTS; DIPOLE; POWER AB A high-resolution continuous-wave terahertz spectrometer has been used to investigate the absorption spectrum of biotin in a polyethylene matrix from 6 to 115 cm(-1). Gaussian linewidths from least squares fits at 4.2 K are found to increase from 1 to 5 cm(-1) over this region establishing conservative lower limits on the vibrational lifetimes from 5 to 1 ps. The calculated partition function of 1.0 at 4.2 K is shown to increase to >10(8) at 298 K indicating enormous changes in the sequence level populations with increasing temperature. Lineshape models that include mechanical anharmonicity were therefore necessary to obtain satisfactory fits at 298 K. Anharmonicity factors (chi(e)nu(e)/nu(e)) range from 0.1% to 1% and establish their importance for refining model predictions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov NR 13 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2004 VL 385 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.060 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 770GN UT WOS:000188715000010 ER PT J AU Shreiner, RH AF Shreiner, RH TI Preparation and uncertainty calculations for the molality-based primary standards for electrolytic conductivity SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology plans to cease production of its molality-based primary standards. Accordingly, this article describes the method for preparation of the molality-based primary standards that are traceable to the Systeme International d'Unites (SI) (International Standard for Units). The uncertainty components are listed and a sample calculation is provided. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shreiner, RH (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Rubina.Shreiner@NIST.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 28 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 779AW UT WOS:000189274300005 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Margolis, SA Nelson, CP AF Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Margolis, SA Nelson, CP TI Solid-phase extraction-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantification of folate in human plasma or serum SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folates; human plasma; human serum; isotope-dilution; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; solid-phase extraction ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; RED-CELL FOLATE; FOLIC-ACID; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BINDING; HOMOCYSTEINE; DISEASE; FORTIFICATION AB The measurement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT) blood levels is one of several factors used to diagnose folate deficiency in humans. 5MT can be selectively purified from either human plasma or human serum via solid-phase extraction procedures and specifically detected and quantified in the extracts with liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Two different, yet complementary, solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods have been developed and applied to the quantification of 5MT from such extracts. One method utilizes the high-affinity folate-binding protein from cow's milk coupled with multiple-reaction-monitoring-mode tandem mass spectrometry while the other method utilizes reversed-phase C-18 extraction followed by selected-ion-monitoring-mode mass spectrometry. The accuracy of each method is assessed through a comparative determination of 5MT levels in homogenous plasma and serum pools. Additionally, each method is compared and evaluated against the "total folate" results provided by routine radioassay and microbiological assay determinations. On the basis of the experimental data presented in this report, it is suggested that both methods have the capacity to serve as potential reference methods for the quantification of circulating 5MT in plasma or serum. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 325 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.009 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 765LQ UT WOS:000188285400005 PM 14715283 ER PT J AU Shirley, EL AF Shirley, EL TI Intuitive diffraction model for multistaged optical systems SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MAGGI-RUBINOWICZ THEORY; RADIOMETRY; WAVE AB A simplified framework is motivated in which many diffraction effects can be treated, especially in multistaged optical systems. The results should be especially helpful for short wavelengths and broadband sources, for which numerical calculations can be most difficult. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.shirley@nist.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 4 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1364/AO.43.000735 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 768CP UT WOS:000188510900003 PM 14960063 ER PT J AU Angelescu, DE Harrison, CK Trawick, ML Chaikin, PM Register, RA Adamson, DH AF Angelescu, DE Harrison, CK Trawick, ML Chaikin, PM Register, RA Adamson, DH TI Orientation imaging microscopy in two-dimensional crystals via undersampled microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID GRAIN; PATTERNS; SURFACES; EPITAXY AB A novel microscopy analysis technique is presented, with applications in imaging two-dimensional grains and grain boundaries. The method allows the identification of grain shapes and orientations from large area micrographs, via the moire pattern obtained in a raster image. The observed moire pattern originates from the aliasing between a micrograph's regular sampling raster and the inherent periodicity of the elements forming the grain under study. The technique presented is very general, allowing grain analysis via many types of microscopy. We demonstrate it in this paper by using Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy on diblock copolymer thin films. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Angelescu, DE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Adamson, Douglas/C-8721-2009 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s00339-002-2012-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 752DV UT WOS:000187132500025 ER PT J AU Woods, MJ Mitchell, P De Felice, P AF Woods, MJ Mitchell, P De Felice, P TI ICRM 2003: radionuclide metrology techniques - Preface SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ioninzing Radiat Metrol Consultants Ltd, Teddington TW11 9PQ, Middx, England. PTB, Sect 6 11, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. CSIR, NML, Radioact Stand Lab, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ENEA, CR Casaccia, I-00100 Rome, Italy. RP Woods, MJ (reprint author), Ioninzing Radiat Metrol Consultants Ltd, 152 Broom Rd, Teddington TW11 9PQ, Middx, England. EM mike.woods@blueyonder.co.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.002 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700001 ER PT J AU Unterweger, MP Lindstrom, RM AF Unterweger, MP Lindstrom, RM TI Ionization chamber measurements of the half-lives of Na-24, K-42, As-76 and Au-198 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE half-life; ionization chamber ID LIFE MEASUREMENTS AB Samples of Na-24, K-42, As-76 and Au-198 were produced by irradiation in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reactor, and examined for impurities before and after measurement. Half-life measurements were carried out in the NIST 4pigamma pressurized ionization chamber. The results are compared to presently accepted values and previous NIST measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unterweger, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, C114 Radiat Phys Bldg,100 Bur Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM unterweg@nist.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.036 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700035 PM 14987662 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Colle, R Cessna, JT AF Zimmerman, BE Colle, R Cessna, JT TI Construction and implementation of the NIST triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) spectrometer SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE liquid scintillation counting; standardization; TDCR ID PURE-BETA-EMITTERS; STANDARDIZATION; RADIONUCLIDES AB A description of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) spectrometer recently constructed at NIST and results of tests to assess its operating characteristics are presented. Measured activities for previously calibrated solutions of H-3 (tritiated water) and Ni-63 agreed with certified activity values to within 0.04% and 0.2%, respectively. Agreement between measurements of solutions containing Y-90 using the TDCR and the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method was achieved to within 0.7% and within the respective experimental uncertainties. A difference of 5.3% was observed between TDCR measurements and the certified massic activity value for a calibrated solution containing Mn-54, but because of the large uncertainty on the TDCR result (3.6% relative standard uncertainty), the values agree to within the experimental uncertainties. Agreement to within experimental uncertainties (2%) for Pd-103 was achieved with the TDCR and CIEMAT/NIST methods, but not between TDCR and isothermal calorimetric measurements. TDCR results for a Tl-204 solution were in excellent agreement (maximum difference of 0.2% with any other method, with combined standard uncertainty of 0.45% on TDCR result) with results obtained using three other methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM b.e.zimmermann@iaea.org NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.055 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700054 PM 14987681 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT Zimmerman, BE Unterweger, MP Golas, DB AF Cessna, JT Zimmerman, BE Unterweger, MP Golas, DB TI Establishment of transfer standard for holmium-166-DOTMP SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE nuclear medicine; radionuclide calibrator; transfer standard; Holmium-166 ID EFFICIENCY AB The measurement of Ho-166, both as a chloride solution and as [Ho-166]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylenephoonic acid (DOTMP), was examined for four models of radionuclide calibrators: Capintec CRC-35R (two chambers), Capintec 712MX, AtomLab 100 (two chambers), and a Capintec CRC-12. Holmium-166 chloride was measured as 16ml in 20-ml glass dose vials. Diagnostic imaging level [Ho-166]DOTMP solutions, nominally 400 MBq g(-1), were measured as 12ml in 20-ml dose vials. Finally, therapeutic level [Ho-166]DOTMP solutions, nominally 9 GBq g(-1), were measured as aliquots of 100-500 mul in sealed plastic vials of 10-ml saline. Single calibration factors for each instrument manufacturer are recommended for 12-16-ml of either solution in 20-ml glass dose vials, (673 +/- 9) x 10 and 72.7 +/- 0.7, for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively. Calibration factors recommended for the therapeutic dose geometry are (706 +/- 6) x 10 and 68.7 +/- 1.3, for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively. The calibration factors recommended for an NIST 5-ml ampoule are (686 +/- 5) x 10 and 70.9 +/- 0.4 for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Ionising Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cessna, JT (reprint author), NIST, Ionising Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop,8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jcessna@nist.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.067 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700066 PM 14987693 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT Millican, MA AF Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT Millican, MA TI Experimental determination of calibration settings for plastic syringes containing solutions of Y-90 using commercial radionuclide calibrators SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE dose calibrators; ionization chambers; secondary standards; Yttrium-90 ID STANDARDIZATION AB Calibration factors for several makes (Capintec, AtomLab, and PTW) and models of commercially available re-entrant ionization chambers ("dose calibrators") were determined for solutions of Y-90 using 10 ml plastic syringes that are used in the administration of the recently approved radioimmunotherapy drug Zevalin(R). Effects of filling volume on chamber response were studied for the anticipated prescription volume range of 3-9 ml in those syringes. A series of syringes were prepared over that range with accurately known volumes using a "standard" solution containing (YCl3)-Y-90 in 1 mol l(-1) HC1 and approximately 50 mug of nonradioactive YCl3 per gram of solution. The respective calibration factors for the Capintec and AtomLab chambers required to give the correct activity reading were found to be "55 +/- 2 x 10" and 393 +/- 6, where the uncertainties are expanded (k = 2) uncertainties. The results indicated no significant effect of filling volume on the calibration setting to within the uncertainty on the activity measurement for all but the PTW chamber. In that case, a variation of about 5% was observed over the filling range. A direct comparison was also made between the actual Y-90 Zevalin(R) drug and the "standard" solution, with no differences in determined calibration settings observed within the uncertainties on the activity calibration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Ionising Radiat Div, Dept Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Ionising Radiat Div, Dept Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bez@nist.gov NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.068 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700067 PM 14987694 ER PT J AU Pibida, L McMahon, CA Bushaw, BA AF Pibida, L McMahon, CA Bushaw, BA TI Laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry measurements of cesium in nuclear burn-up and sediment samples SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE caesium; mass spectrometry; resonance ionization; low-level measurements; sediment samples ID RATIOS AB Isotopic ratio measurements of Cs-135 to Cs-137 Were performed using both resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) to determine the chronological age of nuclear fuel burn-up samples. Initial measurements on a lake sediment sample are being performed at NIST for determination of cesium content in the sample. Atomization behavior of the graphite furnace source, the overall efficiency and selectivity were measured for different sample preparations. Single-resonance excitation 6s S-2(1/2) (F = 4) --> 6p P-2(3/2) (F' = 5) with an extended cavity diode laser followed by photoionization with the 488 nm line of an argon ion laser yielded optical selectivity for Cs-135 and Cs-137 of more than two orders of magnitude against stable Cs-133 and overall selectivity of 10(8). An overall efficiency of 5 x 10(-7) was measured for standard Cs-133 solutions and for the nuclear fuel burn-up samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99362 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB-APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2-4 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.082 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801TH UT WOS:000220117700078 PM 14987705 ER PT J AU Keller, JM Kucklick, JR McClellan-Green, PD AF Keller, JM Kucklick, JR McClellan-Green, PD TI Organochlorine contaminants in loggerhead sea turtle blood: Extraction techniques and distribution among plasma and red blood cells SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CARETTA-CARETTA; WHOLE-BLOOD; PCB; METABOLITES AB Few studies have described the organochlorine (OC) contaminant concentrations found in sea turtle tissues. These studies have relied on the opportunistic sampling of either eggs or tissues from stranded carcasses. In this study, the use of whole blood samples as well as both blood components (plasma and red blood cells) were examined as a non-destructive alternative for monitoring OCs in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Blood samples were collected from juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (n = 12) captured in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA and analyzed for 55 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 24 OC pesticides by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. Using pooled loggerhead sea turtle whole blood, three different liquid:liquid extraction techniques were compared. Results were similar in terms of recovery of internal standards, lipids, and OC concentrations. An extraction technique, employing formic acid and 1:1 methyl-tent-butyl-ether: hexane, was found to be satisfactory. This method was applied to the extraction of OCs from whole blood, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) samples from five loggerhead sea turtles. Plasma contained the highest OC concentrations on a wet mass basis, followed by whole blood and RBCs. The majority of each OC compound was found in the plasma rather than the RBCs, suggesting that OC compounds preferentially partition into the plasma. On average (SD), 89.4% (3.1%) of total PCBs, 83.4% (11.9%) of total chlordanes, 74.3% (15.1%) of mirex, 72.6% (4.8%) of total DDTs, and 80.1% (16.6%) of dieldrin were found in the plasma. The concentrations of total PCBs, mirex, total chlordanes, and total DDTs measured in both components of the blood significantly correlated to those in whole blood. These are the first reported OC concentrations in sea turtle blood. They were found to be similar to previously reported levels in blood components of humans and of reptiles from relatively clean sites, but lower than those measured in blood of fish-eating birds and marine mammals. The results indicate that blood, preferably plasma, can be used to detect and monitor OC contaminants in loggerhead sea turtles. C1 Duke Univ, Div Costal Syst Sci & Policy, Integrated Toxicol Program, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Div Costal Syst Sci & Policy, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McClellan-Green, PD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Div Costal Syst Sci & Policy, Integrated Toxicol Program, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM pmeclell@duke.edu RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-2262-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 772NK UT WOS:000188848000015 PM 15106678 ER PT J AU Cherng, AM Chow, LC Takagi, S AF Cherng, AM Chow, LC Takagi, S TI Reduction in dentin permeability using mildly supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate; smear layer; multiple treatments; tubule obturation; dentin permeatility ID CHEWING GUM; SALIVA AB Treatments that obturate dentin tubules have been used for reducing dentin hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of multiple treatments with a mildly supersaturated calcium phosphate solution on the hydraulic conductance (Lp) of partially occluded dentin discs in vitro. The treatment solution contained 6.5 mmol l(-1) each of calcium and phosphate, 0.25 mmol l(-1) fluoride, 30 mmol l(-1) KCl, and 50 mmol l(-1) HEPES buffer (pH adjusted to 7.0). The mean baseline Lp (in mul cm(-2) min(-1) H2O cm(-1)) was 0.108 +/- 0.041 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 9, mul cm(-2) min(-1) H2O cm(-1) = 10.20 mul cm(-2) min(-1) KPa-1) and after five consecutive treatments, the mean relative Lp, presented as percentage of baseline, were 71 +/- 11, 58 +/- 10, 46 +/- 18, 40 +/- 14, and 25 +/- 10, respectively. The Lp values of the baseline and treatment groups were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Consecutive treatments appeared effective in further reducing Lp of dentin discs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cherng, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05354] NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00202-4 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 778FF UT WOS:000189228200001 PM 14693202 ER PT J AU Pagano, I Linsky, JL Valenti, J Duncan, DK AF Pagano, I Linsky, JL Valenti, J Duncan, DK TI HST/STIS high resolution echelle spectra of alpha Centauri A (G2 V) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : alpha Cen A; stars : chromospheres ID TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; SOLAR TRANSITION ZONE; C-I MULTIPLETS; QUIET SUN; O-IV; ROTATIONAL MODULATION; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET AB We describe and analyze HST/STIS observations of the G2 V star alpha Centauri A (alpha Cen A, HD 128620), a star similar to the Sun. The high resolution echelle spectra obtained with the E140H and E230H gratings cover the complete spectral range 1133-3150 Angstrom with a resolution of 2.6 km s(-1), an absolute flux calibration accurate to +/-5%, and an absolute wavelength accuracy of 0.6-1.3 kms(-1). We present here a study of the E140H spectrum covering the 1140-1670 Angstrom spectral range, which includes 671 emission lines representing 37 different ions and the molecules CO and H-2. For alpha Cen A and the quiet and active Sun, we intercompare the redshifts, nonthermal line widths, and parameters of two Gaussian representations of transition region lines (e. g., Si IV, C IV), infer the electron density from the O IV intersystem lines, and compare their differential emission measure distributions. One purpose of this study is to compare the alpha Cen A and solar UV spectra to determine how the atmosphere and heating processes in alpha Cen A differ from the Sun as a result of the small differences in gravity, age, and chemical composition of the two stars. A second purpose is to provide an excellent high resolution UV spectrum of a solar-like star that can serve as a proxy for the Sun observed as a point source when comparing other stars to the Sun. C1 Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Via Santa Sofia 78, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM ipa@ct.astro.it; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; valenti@stsci.edu; dduncan@colorado.edu RI Pagano, Isabella/I-6934-2015 OI Pagano, Isabella/0000-0001-9573-4928 NR 70 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 415 IS 1 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034002 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770JY UT WOS:000188720500034 ER PT J AU Vandas, M Odstrcil, D AF Vandas, M Odstrcil, D TI Acceleration of electrons by interacting CMEs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); sun : coronal mass ejections; shock waves; sun : particle emission ID PERPENDICULAR COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; CURVED SHOCK; FAST FERMI; BOW SHOCK AB There is growing observational evidence that interaction of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) near the Sun is a common phenomenon, particularly during the solar cycle's maximum years. Recently, we performed 2.5-D MHD simulations of the interaction between two magnetic flux ropes. The aim was to provide some qualitative picture of the shock-cloud and cloud-cloud dynamic interactions that might be relevant to the interaction of CMEs. A sufficiently fast CME generates a shock wave that penetrates a slower CME. Enhanced magnetic field magnitudes in the flux rope and helical structure may favor acceleration of electrons at the shock by the fast-Fermi process since multiple encounters are possible and nearly perpendicular parts of the shock are more abundant. Using results of our MHD simulations, we numerically examine the efficiency of electron acceleration during the CME's interaction. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vandas, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, Bocni 2 1401, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic. EM vandas@ig.cas.cz; Dusan.Odstrcil@sec.noaa.gov RI Vandas, Marek/G-9054-2014 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 415 IS 2 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031763 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 773RG UT WOS:000188936100040 ER PT J AU Dikpati, M de Toma, G Gilman, PA Arge, CN White, OR AF Dikpati, M de Toma, G Gilman, PA Arge, CN White, OR TI Diagnostics of polar field reversal in solar cycle 23 using a flux transport dynamo model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields ID SOLAR CONVECTION ZONE; LATITUDINAL DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; BABCOCK-LEIGHTON MODEL; MERIDIONAL FLOW; FREQUENCY SPLITTINGS; FILAMENT CHANNELS; ANGULAR VELOCITY; SUNSPOT CYCLE-21 AB Motivated by observed anomalous features in cycle 23, as inferred from records of photospheric magnetic flux, we develop a flux transport dynamo-based scheme in order to investigate the physical cause of such anomalies. In this first study we focus on understanding anomalies occurring in the polar field evolutionary pattern in cycle 23, namely, why the polar reversal in cycle 23 was slow, why after reversal the buildup of the polar field was slow, and why the south pole reversed approximately a year after the north pole did. We construct a calibrated flux transport dynamo model that operates with dynamo ingredients such as differential rotation, meridional circulation, and large-scale poloidal field source derived from observations. A few other dynamo ingredients, such as diffusivity and quenching pattern, for which direct observations are not possible, are fixed by using theoretical guidance. By showing that this calibrated model can reproduce major longitude-averaged solar cycle features, we initialize the model at the beginning of cycle 22 and operate by incorporating the observed variations in meridional circulation and large-scale surface magnetic field sources to simulate the polar field evolution in cycle 23. We show that a 10%-20% weakening in photospheric magnetic flux in cycle 23 with respect to that in cycle 22 is the primary reason for a similar to1 yr slowdown in polar reversal in cycle 23. Weakening in this flux is also the reason for slow buildup of polar field after reversal, whereas the observed north-south asymmetry in meridional circulation in the form of a larger decrease in flow speed in the northern hemisphere than that in the southern hemisphere during 1996-2002 and the appearance of a reverse, high-latitude flow cell in the northern hemisphere during 1998-2001 caused the north polar field to reverse before the south polar field. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dikpati, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM dikpati@ucar.edu; detoma@ucar.edu; gilman@ucar.edu; nick.arge@noaa.gov; orw@ucar.edu NR 76 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 601 IS 2 BP 1136 EP 1151 DI 10.1086/380508 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769PC UT WOS:000188658100045 ER PT J AU Clarke, WB Guscott, R Downing, RG Lindstrom, RM AF Clarke, WB Guscott, R Downing, RG Lindstrom, RM TI Endogenous lithium and boron red cell-plasma ratios - Normal subjects versus bipolar patients not on lithium therapy SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endogenous lithium; boron; human blood; red cells; plasma; bipolar ID MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS; AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; CLINICAL RESPONSE; TRACE LITHIUM; BLOOD-CELLS; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; PREDICTOR AB This study was undertaken to compare endogenous lithium concentrations in human blood and its components from normal donors versus bipolar patients. The patients were not on lithium therapy at the time that the blood samples were donated and had not received any lithium therapy for at least 2 yr. Blood components were separated by centrifugation. The analytical method for lithium as developed in this laboratory consists of thermal-neutron activation of freeze-dried samples. H-3 is produced via the reaction Li-6 + n = H-3 + He-4, and high-sensitivity rare gas mass spectrometry is used to measure He-3 formed from beta-decay of H-3. Boron measurements are made concurrently using He-4 from the reaction B-10 + n = He-4 + Li-7. Seven normal donors and seven patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder participated in this study. Measurements of lithium and boron were made in whole blood, plasma, and red cells. Red cell-plasma ratios R(Li) and R(B) were calculated after corrections were made for trapped plasma in the red cells. The results show that bipolar patients may have higher concentrations of lithium in blood, plasma, and red cells (p = 0.08, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively) and may have higher R(Li) values than normal donors (p = 0.01). No evidence was found for bipolar-normal differences in these four parameters for boron. Although our sample size is admittedly very small, the results clearly show that the endogenous red cell ratio R(Li) and plasma or red cell lithium concentrations may become useful diagnostic indicators for bipolar illness if the analytical methods are further developed. C1 Guscott & Taylor Mood Disorders Clin, Hamilton, ON L8P 4M4, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guscott, R (reprint author), Guscott & Taylor Mood Disorders Clin, Hamilton, ON L8P 4M4, Canada. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1385/BTER:97:2:105 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 780CK UT WOS:000189353500001 PM 14985621 ER PT J AU Clarke, WB Guscott, R Lindstrom, RM AF Clarke, WB Guscott, R Lindstrom, RM TI Binding of lithium and boron to human plasma proteins II - Results for a bipolar patient not on lithium therapy SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pithium; boron; bipolar disorder; plasma proteins; gel chromatography; neutron activation; mass spectrometry AB We report further measurements of lithium and boron bound to human plasma proteins using the techniques of gel chromatography, thermal-neutron activation, and high-sensitivity helium isotope mass spectrometry. The plasma sample was donated by a bipolar patient who had never been on lithium therapy. The plasma lithium-binding pattern for the bipolar patient is distinctly different from that previously observed in this laboratory for plasma donated by a normal individual. In the bipolar case, virtually all of the lithium is bound to low-molecular-weight proteins (approx 1000 amu), whereas in the normal case, most of the lithium eluted from the gel column was bound to five high-molecular-weight proteins (approx 50,000 amu to approx 1,000,000 amu). The gel elution profiles for boron were roughly similar for the normal and bipolar cases. The lithium results are in agreement with our previous speculation that lithium-binding plasma proteins are missing or exist in very low concentrations in some individuals suffering from affective disorders. C1 Guscott & Taylor Mood Disorders Clin, Hamilton, ON L8P 4M4, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guscott, R (reprint author), Guscott & Taylor Mood Disorders Clin, Hamilton, ON L8P 4M4, Canada. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1385/BTER:97:2:117 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 780CK UT WOS:000189353500002 PM 14985622 ER PT J AU Poole, GC Dunham, JB Keenan, DM Sauter, ST McCullough, DA Mebane, C Lockwood, JC Essig, DA Hicks, MP Sturdevant, DJ Materna, EJ Spalding, SA Risley, J Deppman, M AF Poole, GC Dunham, JB Keenan, DM Sauter, ST McCullough, DA Mebane, C Lockwood, JC Essig, DA Hicks, MP Sturdevant, DJ Materna, EJ Spalding, SA Risley, J Deppman, M TI The case for regime-based water quality standards SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water quality standards; regimes; ecosystem dynamics; watershed management ID RIVER; RESTORATION; PATTERNS; PERSPECTIVE AB Conventional water quality standards have been successful in reducing the concentration of toxic substances in US waters. However, conventional standards are based on simple thresholds and are therefore poorly structured to address human-caused imbalances in dynamic, natural water quality parameters, such as nutrients, sediment, and temperature. A more applicable type of water quality standard-a "regime standard"-would describe desirable distributions of conditions over space and time within a stream network. By mandating the protection and restoration of the aquatic ecosystem dynamics that are required to support beneficial uses in streams, well-designed regime standards would facilitate more effective strategies for management of natural water quality parameters. C1 US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ecometr Inc, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Oregon Habitat Branch, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97204 USA. US FWS, Portland, OR 97266 USA. US FWS, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. USGS, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Poole, GC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. EM gpoole@eco-metrics.com RI Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0155:TCFRWQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 772UW UT WOS:000188860900010 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Lenschow, DH Burns, SP Banta, RM Newsom, RK Coulter, R Frasier, S Ince, T Nappo, C Balsley, BB Jensen, M Mahrt, L Miller, D Skelly, B AF Sun, JL Lenschow, DH Burns, SP Banta, RM Newsom, RK Coulter, R Frasier, S Ince, T Nappo, C Balsley, BB Jensen, M Mahrt, L Miller, D Skelly, B TI Atmospheric disturbances that generate intermittent turbulence in nocturnal boundary layers SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittent turbulence; internal gravity wave; nocturnal boundary layer; solitary wave ID GRAVITY-WAVES; DOPPLER LIDAR; DENSITY-CURRENT; CASES-99; FOREST; INSTABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; STABILITY; EXCHANGE; KITES AB Using the unprecedented observational facilities deployed during the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99), we found three distinct turbulent events on the night of 18 October 1999. These events resulted from a density current, solitary wave, and internal gravity wave, respectively. Our study focuses on the turbulence intermittency generated by the solitary wave and internal gravity wave, and intermittent turbulence episodes associated with pressure change and wind direction shifts adjacent to the ground. Both the solitary and internal gravity waves propagated horizontally and downward. During the passage of both the solitary and internal gravity waves, local thermal and shear instabilities were generated as cold air was pushed above warm air and wind gusts reached to the ground. These thermal and shear instabilities triggered turbulent mixing events. In addition, strong vertical acceleration associated with the solitary wave led to large nonhydrostatic pressure perturbations that were positively correlated with temperature. The directional difference between the propagation of the internal gravity wave and the ambient flow led to lateral rolls. These episodic studies demonstrate that non-local disturbances are responsible for local thermal and shear instabilities, leading to intermittent turbulence in nocturnal boundary layers. The origin of these non-local disturbances needs to be understood to improve mesoscale numerical model performance. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, PAOS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, PAOS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 41 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 110 IS 2 BP 255 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1026097926169 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727ML UT WOS:000185662500005 ER PT J AU Kocin, PJ Uccellini, LW AF Kocin, PJ Uccellini, LW TI A snowfall impact scale derived from Northeast storm snowfall distributions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A Northeast snowfall impact scale (NESIS) is presented to convey a measure of the impact of heavy snowfall in the Northeast urban corridor, a region that extends from southern Virginia to New England. The scale is derived from a synoptic climatology of 30 major snowstorms in the Northeast urban corridor and applied to the snowfall distribution of 70 snowstorms east of the Rocky Mountains. NESIS is similar in concept to other meteorological scales that are designed to simplify complex phenomena into an easily understood range of values. The Fujita scale for tornadoes and the Saffir-Simpson scale for hurricanes measure the potential for destruction to property and loss of life by wind-related damage (and storm surge for Saffir-Simpson) through use of a categorical ranking (0 or 1-5). C1 Weather Channel, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kocin, PJ (reprint author), Weather Channel, 300 Interstate N Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. EM pkocin@weather.com NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-2-177 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801UW UT WOS:000220121800014 ER PT J AU Weckwerth, TM Parsons, DB Koch, SE Moore, JA LeMone, MA Demoz, BB Flamant, C Geerts, B Wang, JH Feltz, WF AF Weckwerth, TM Parsons, DB Koch, SE Moore, JA LeMone, MA Demoz, BB Flamant, C Geerts, B Wang, JH Feltz, WF TI An overview of the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) and some preliminary highlights SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; DOPPLER RADAR; RAMAN LIDAR; SQUALL LINE; TOGA-COARE; ATMOSPHERIC SOLITARY; SYSTEM DESCRIPTION; HUMIDITY; CLOUD AB The International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) is one of the largest North American meteorological field experiments in history. From 13 May to 25 June 2002, over 250 researchers and technical staff from the United States, Germany, France, and Canada converged on the Southern Great Plains to measure water vapor and other atmospheric variables. The principal objective of IHOP - 2002 is to obtain an improved characterization of the time-varying three-dimensional water vapor field and evaluate its utility in improving the understanding and prediction of convective processes. The motivation for this objective is the combination of extremely low forecast skill for warm-season rainfall and the relatively large loss of life and property from flash floods and other warm-season weather hazards. Many prior studies on convective storm forecasting have shown that water vapor is a key atmospheric variable that is insufficiently measured. Toward this goal, IHOP-2002 brought together many of the existing operational and new state-of-the-art research water vapor sensors and numerical models. The IHOP - 2002 experiment comprised numerous unique aspects. These included several instruments fielded for the first time (e.g., reference radiosonde); numerous upgraded instruments (e.g., Wyoming Cloud Radar); the first ever horizontal-pointing water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL; i.e., Leandre II on the Naval Research Laboratory P-3), which required the first onboard aircraft avoidance radar; several unique combinations of sensors (e.g., multiple profiling instruments at one field site and the German water vapor DIAL and NOAA/Environmental Technology Laboratory Doppler lidar on board the German Falcon aircraft); and many logistical challenges. This article presents a summary of the motivation, goals, and experimental design of the project, illustrates some preliminary data collected, and includes discussion on some potential operational and research implications of the experiment. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ATD, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA Res, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ATD, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tammy@ucar.edu RI Y, wang/A-8866-2010; Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014 NR 84 TC 251 Z9 253 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 253 EP 277 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-2-253 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801UW UT WOS:000220121800019 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Sturm, EA AF Stoner, AW Sturm, EA TI Temperature and hunger mediate sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) feeding motivation: implications for stock assessment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PACIFIC HALIBUT; GROWTH; BAIT AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that temperature (2-8degreesC) and recent feeding history (1-6 days of food deprivation) influence feeding motivation and attacks on baits by adult sablefish (Anoplo poma fimbria). Activity level after introduction of a bait-related olfactory cue increased with increasing water temperature and food deprivation. Fish at the lowest temperature (2degreesC) attacked and consumed fewer squid baits (33-71%) than those at higher temperatures (100% at 8degreesC). Baits were frequently inspected or handled multiple times before consumption in low temperatures, and time to attack (seconds to >40 min), time to consume, and time to handle baits (2-20 s) all decreased significantly with increasing temperature, with some temperature x feeding history interactions. The total ration consumed increased (<1-8% of body weight) with increasing water temperature. The observed variability in activity and feeding motivation in sablefish may have a large impact on the effective area of baited gear but is rarely considered in stock assessment models. In particular, population sizes based upon baited gear surveys may be underestimated in conditions where temperature is low, natural prey density is high, or where other environmental variables reduce feeding motivation. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 61 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1139/F03-170 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 810MV UT WOS:000220709300010 ER PT J AU Nadal, ME Early, EA AF Nadal, ME Early, EA TI Color measurements for pearlescent coatings SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE color measurement; gonioapparent coatings; pearl interference pigments; pearlescent coatings; reflectance colorimetry ID APPEARANCE AB This article describes recent developments at the National Institution of Standards and Technology in the colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings. The goal of this research is to develop a measurement protocol for the accurate color characterization of these coatings using an understanding of their scattering mechanism as a guide. A large ensemble of bi-directional reflectance measurements on a series of pearl interference pigmented coatings show general trends in the color variations with illumination and viewing angles. These measurements were used to define a set of geometries (illumination angles of 15degrees, 45degrees, and 65degrees and aspecular angles of 15degrees, 35degrees, 45degrees, 70degrees, and 85degrees) to characterize the angle dependent color travel observed in these coatings. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1002/col.10210 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 758RF UT WOS:000187663400004 ER PT J AU Achanova, A Zhelyazkov, I Petrova, T AF Achanova, A Zhelyazkov, I Petrova, T TI Self-consistent modelling of argon microwave discharge sustained by electromagnetic wave in dipole mode SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microwave discharges; Boltzmann equation; axial distributions of charged particles; atomic excited states ID SURFACE-WAVE; PLASMA-COLUMN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMEDIATE PRESSURES; EXCITATION; ELECTRON; RECOMBINATION; COEFFICIENT; IONIZATION; AFTERGLOW AB Microwave discharges produced by travelling/standing electromagnetic waves have drawn considerable attention in recent years due to their wide application in microelectronic industry. Here are presented the axial distributions of the electrons and ions as well as those of excited atoms in an argon microwave discharge at a low gas pressure (400 mTorr) sustained by a 2.45 GHz travelling dipolar electromagnetic wave. The numerical calculations are based on a self-consistent kinetic-electrodynamic model and the results obtained are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The model yields also the magnitude of the wave power sustaining the discharge and the axial profiles of all electromagnetic-wave characteristics and the axial distribution of the neutral gas temperature. C1 Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Achanova, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20809 USA. EM izh@phys.uni-sofia.bg NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1023/B:CJOP.0000014403.43819.2a PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 812HN UT WOS:000220830700006 ER PT J AU Cho, BH Dickens, SH AF Cho, BH Dickens, SH TI Effects of the acetone content of single solution dentin bonding agents on the adhesive layer thickness and the microtensile bond strength SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE acetone concentration; adhesive layer thickness; microtensile bond strength; single solution dentin bonding agents; crack formation; failure mode ID ONE-BOTTLE ADHESIVES; POLYMERIZATION CONTRACTION STRESS; SURFACE-AREA; COMPOSITE; FRACTURE; MONOMERS; SOLVENT AB Objectives. This study investigated the hypothesis that varying the acetone content of single solution dentin bonding agents may affect the adhesive layer thickness and microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of the bonded complex, and explored whether the adhesive layer thickness is a valid predictor for MTBS. Methods. Experimental dentin bonding agents containing (27, 37, 47, 57, or 67) mass fraction% acetone were used to bond composite resin onto occlusal dentin surfaces of extracted human molars. The adhesive layer thickness was determined by digitized image analysis. MTBS was measured after 48 h. The fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. Results. With increasing acetone content, MTBS varied from 38 MPa (67% acetone) to the highest MTBS of 64 MPa (37% acetone), while the adhesive layer thickness decreased linearly. Both dependent variables demonstrated moderate inverse correlation with the acetone content (p < 0.0001), but were not correlated with each other (p > 0.05). Ninety-four percent of the specimens showed fractures within the adhesive layer extending toward the interfaces with the hybrid Layer or the composite resin. In the groups containing 57 and 67% acetone, cracks were observed at these interfaces. Significance. Rather than the adhesive Layer thickness, interfacial cracks in specimens with acetone-rich bonding agents may have caused tower MTBS. Within the scope of this investigation, lower acetone concentrations, as could be anticipated from solvent evaporation during clinical use of the bonding agent, did not seem to tower MTBS, but rather improved the integrity of the dentin/adhesive bond. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Conservat Dent, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Dent, Inst Dent Res, Seoul, South Korea. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov RI Cho, Byeong-Hoon/D-6166-2012; OI Cho, Byeong-Hoon/0000-0001-9641-5507 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 013298] NR 32 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00071-X PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 779CN UT WOS:000189278200001 PM 14706793 ER PT J AU Sabo, JL Holmes, EE Kareiva, P AF Sabo, JL Holmes, EE Kareiva, P TI Efficacy of simple viability models in ecological risk assessment: Does density dependence matter? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density dependence; diffusion approximation; extinction risk; population viability analysis; time series ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; POPULATION VIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY; EXTINCTION; DYNAMICS; TIME; PERSISTENCE; PROBABILITY; MEANINGFUL AB One commonly used PVA (population viability analysis) approach applies a diffusion approximation (DA) of population growth to time series of abundance data to estimate population parameters and various metrics of extinction risk. The simplest versions of this PVA assume density-independent population growth, an assumption that is commonly called into question for populations experiencing self-limitation. Using time series data generated from simulations of populations limited by three commonly used forms of density dependence (ceiling, Beverton-Holt, and Ricker) we asked the question: "When do simple density-independent PVA models provide useful guidelines for prioritizing extinction risk despite density-dependence inherent in the underlying real populations?" Simple DA methods severely underestimated maximum growth rates (mu(max)) used to generate time series data for all three forms of density dependence. These methods also underestimated the intrinsic environmental variability in growth rates, or process error (sigma(2)), for the ceiling model, but overestimated this parameter for the Beverton-Holt and Ricker models. Despite misestimation of the intrinsic parameters, the estimated probabilities of 50% and 75% declines were highly correlated with the observed probabilities for populations growing with a ceiling (coefficients of correlation, or R-2 = 0.87-0.93). DA methods were less accurate for populations exhibiting more complex forms of density dependence (R-2 = 0.61-0.79). Although correlations between observed and estimated risks were high, bias (e.g., over and underestimation) was extensive. Estimated probabilities of 50% declines were typically much lower (overly optimistic) than observed probabilities of the same decline. By contrast, accuracy increased substantially for predictions of 75% decline, and the "optimistic" bias was replaced by conservative bias (overestimates of risk). Regardless of the form of density dependence, estimates of risk were least accurate when populations were recovering rapidly but were much more accurate when most needed by conservation practitioners: when the population fluctuated near its carrying capacity, recovered slowly to this abundance level, or declined toward extinction. Finally, when we classified risk in broad categories (e.g., extremely low, low, moderate, high, and extremely high), DA methods correctly or conservatively estimated the risk of a 75% decline for >85% of the parameter combinations, regardless of the form of density dependence followed by the real population. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Sabo, JL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM john.l.sabo@asu.edu RI Sabo, John/B-1872-2013 NR 48 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 328 EP 341 DI 10.1890/03-0035 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801PV UT WOS:000220108700005 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Gunderson, DR Armstrong, DA AF Rooper, CN Gunderson, DR Armstrong, DA TI Application of the concentration hypothesis to English sole in nursery estuaries and potential contribution to coastal fisheries SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; HABITAT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; OREGON; AREAS AB Resources in nursery areas can be important determinants of recruitment for juvenile fishes. Most young-of-the-year English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) appear to rely on estuaries on the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast as nursery areas. Trawl surveys were conducted in four nursery estuaries, and the results show consistent densities were found across all estuaries in August. In June densities were higher and more variable. Application of the average August density to estuaries along the entire Oregon and Washington coasts resulted in an estimated total estuarine abundance of 45.8 million age 0+ English sole. Estimated coast-wide recruitment of age 4+ female English sole based on age 0+ abundance ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 million individuals from 1998-2000, with an average value of 4.3 million. A simple population model was constructed to determine if production from the combined Oregon and Washington estuaries was consistent with the estimates of the adult stock, and the observed catch from 1956-1997. The observed commercial catch has declined over this time period, and the trend could be fit using an availability-gear efficiency of 21% and an exploitation rate of 0.094. The results suggest that the English sole population on the Oregon-Washington shelf could potentially be supported solely by estuarine production, and this production appears to be stabilized by the size of available nursery areas. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1007/BF02803564 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 815NL UT WOS:000221048900009 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Teel, DJ Myers, JM Marshall, AR AF Waples, RS Teel, DJ Myers, JM Marshall, AR TI Life-history divergence in Chinook salmon: Historic contingency and parallel evolution SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Allozymes; gene diversity analysis; life-history evolution; Pacific salmon; parallel speciation; run timing ID GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COLUMBIA-RIVER; STREAM-TYPE; OCEAN-TYPE; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; WHITEFISH COREGONUS; NATURAL-SELECTION AB By jointly considering patterns of genetic and life-history diversity in over 100 populations of Chinook salmon from California to British Columbia, we demonstrate the importance of two different mechanisms for life-history evolution. Mapping adult run timing (the life-history trait most commonly used to characterize salmon populations) onto a tree based on the genetic data shows that the same run-time phenotypes exist in many different genetic lineages. In a hierarchical gene diversity analysis, differences among major geographic and ecological provinces explained the majority (62%) of the overall G(ST), whereas run-time differences explained only 10%. Collectively, these results indicate that run-timing diversity has developed independently by a process of parallel evolution in many different coastal areas. However, genetic differences between coastal populations with different run timing from the same basin are very modest (G(ST) < 0.02), indicating that evolutionary divergence of this trait linked to reproductive isolation has not led to parallel speciation, probably because of ongoing gene flow. A strikingly different pattern is seen in the interior Columbia River Basin, where run timing and other correlated life-history traits map cleanly onto two divergent genetic lineages (G(ST) similar to 0.15), indicating that some patterns of life-history diversity have a much older origin. Indeed, genetic data indicate that in the interior Columbia Basin, the two divergent lineages behave essentially as separate biological species, showing little evidence of genetic contact in spite of the fact that they comigrate through large areas of the river and ocean and in some locations spawn in nearly adjacent areas. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 98 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 4 U2 55 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 386 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01654.x PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 802WS UT WOS:000220194200016 PM 15068355 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Ottmar, ML Sturm, EA AF Ryer, CH Ottmar, ML Sturm, EA TI Behavioral impairment after escape from trawl codends may not be limited to fragile fish species SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unobserved fishing mortality; bycatch; stress; predator-prey; trawl escapees; Anoplopoma fimbria ID JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PREDATION; BYCATCH; MORTALITY; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; SABLEFISH; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL AB Field studies indicate great variability between fish species in their susceptibility to direct mortality resulting from stress incurred during entrainment and escape through trawl codends. Moreover, stressors that do not directly kill fish may still cause indirect mortality, such as behavioral impairment leading to predation. However, it is unknown whether resistance to direct mortality also imparts resistance to behavioral impairment. Juvenile sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria are more resistant to direct mortality resulting from physical damage and stress than are walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. We measured juvenile sablefish resistance to behavioral impairment resulting from simulated trawl passage and compared results to those for walleye pollock, a species already studied. Juvenile sablefish (18-27 cm) were subjected to three levels of simulated trawl/escape stressors in the laboratory: (1) control: no stressors; (2) swim: forced swimming for 90 min at 0.33 m s(-1) in a towed net, followed by escape through 8 cm square mesh; and (3) swim/pin: forced swimming for 60 min, then pinning against net meshes for 30 min, followed by 3 min crowding prior to escape. Subsequently, we examined sablefish behavior in the presence of a threatening but non-lethal predator (38-49 cm sablefish). In a second experiment, equal numbers of trawl-stressed and control fish were mixed and exposed to predation by a lingcod Ophiodon elongatus (62-87 cm). The first experiment demonstrated that sablefish suffered the same behavioral impairments as walleye Pollock: stressed fish swam slower, shoaled less cohesively and allowed the predator to approach closer than did controls. In the second experiment all three levels of trawl stress caused fish to be consumed in greater numbers (by lingcod) than control fish, again, like walleye pollock. Therefore, although differing in susceptibility to potentially lethal stressors, both species exhibited similar impairments in response to sub-lethal stressors. This suggests that for numerous fish species, behaviorally impaired individuals escaping codends may be consumed by predators, contributing to unobserved mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Sw Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(03)00197-8 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 769HR UT WOS:000188645100011 ER PT J AU May, EF Edwards, TJ Mann, AG Edwards, C AF May, EF Edwards, TJ Mann, AG Edwards, C TI An improved microwave apparatus for phase behaviour measurements in lean gas condensate fluids SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE dew point; dielectric constant; microwave cavity; natural gas; phase behaviour ID DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; MIXTURES; PROPANE; METHANE AB An apparatus based on a microwave resonant cavity has been designed and fabricated for phase behaviour measurements in lean gas condensate fluids over a wide range of temperature and pressure. The re-entrant geometry of the resonator is optimised for detecting any liquid phase present in very lean natural gases. The mode structure of the cavity has been thoroughly investigated with both analytic and finite element models. Three modes, excited by an electric field probe, are monitored when measuring a fluid contained within the resonator. The highest mode (f(vac) approximate to 6.9 GHz) is used to detect dew points while the lower modes (460 MHz and 4.3 GHz) are employed for liquid volume and dielectric constant measurements. Careful microwave circuit design ensures good signal-to-noise ratios for all modes over the operating temperature range. Simulations of the resonator containing various fluids indicate that the system is over 104 times more sensitive than previous microwave systems and can detect liquid volumes as small as 5 x 10(-6) cm(3). Dew point measurements in a gas condensate fluid support this prediction. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Oil & Gas Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP May, EF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.may@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 215 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2003.08.015 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 774HK UT WOS:000188973600013 ER PT J AU Beckman, BR Shimizu, M Gadberry, BA Cooper, KA AF Beckman, BR Shimizu, M Gadberry, BA Cooper, KA TI Response of the somatotropic axis of juvenile coho salmon to alterations in plane of nutrition with an analysis of the relationships among growth rate and circulating IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IGF-I; IGFBP; growth; nutrition; coho salmon ID GILTHEAD SEA BREAM; MALE RED DEER; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; CHINOOK SALMON; SPARUS-AURATA; MESSENGER-RNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; HORMONE DEFICIENCY AB The effect of different feeding levels on plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), 41 kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein (41 kDa IGFBP), and growth hormone (GH) were assessed in post-smolt coho salmon. Fish were fed at either stable (1 and 2% body weight/day) or varying (1-0.5-1%, 2-0.5-2% body weight/day) feeding rates and plasma was sampled from 10 fish/treatment at 2-3 week intervals over five dates from June to September, resulting in a total of 200 samples. Fish fed at higher rates grew faster and had higher plasma IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP levels. Plasma GH levels were variable but generally showed an inverse relationship to feeding rate. Both plasma IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP increased seasonally, average IGF-I levels doubled from June to September, regardless of feeding rate. On any one date both IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP were highly related to growth rate with regression coefficients ranging from 0.36 to 0.68 (IGF-I) and from 0.33 to 0.70 (41 kDa IGFBP). No relationship was found between IGF-I:41 kDa IGFBP ratio and individual growth rate. Overall, both feeding rate and date were important in explaining variation in IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP levels. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, F-NWC2,2725 Monklake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM Brian.Beckman@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 135 IS 3 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.10.013 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 764QG UT WOS:000188217100009 PM 14723885 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Dickey, JT Larsen, DA Fukada, H Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, AL Dickey, JT Larsen, DA Fukada, H Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW TI A quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for salmon IGF-I mRNA, and its application in the study of GH regulation of IGF-I gene expression in primary culture of salmon hepatocytes SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0; coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch); growth hormone; hepatocyte culture; insulin-like growth factor-I; liver; somatotropic axis; TaqMan quantitative real-time RT-PCR; teleost fish ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; HORMONE RECEPTORS; BONY FISH; INSULIN; QUANTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB The hormone insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates vertebrate growth. The liver produces most circulating IGF-I, under the control of pituitary growth hormone (GH) and nutritional status. To study the regulation of liver IGF-I production in salmon, we established a primary hepatocyte culture system and developed a TaqMan quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for salmon IGF-I gene expression. A portion of the coho salmon acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (ARP) cDNA was sequenced for use as a reference gene. A systematic bias across the 96 well PCR plate was discovered in an initial IGF-I assay, which was corrected when the assay was redesigned. IGF-I mRNA levels measured with the validated assay correlated well with levels measured with an RNase protection assay, and were highest in liver compared with other tissues. We examined the time course of hepatocyte IGF-I gene expression over 48 h in culture, the response to a range of GH concentrations in hepatocytes from fed and fasted fish, and potential effects of variation in IGF-I in the medium. IGF-I gene expression decreased over time in culture in hepatocytes in plain medium, and in cells treated with 5 nM GH with or without a combination of metabolic hormones (1 muM insulin, 100 nM triiodothyronine, and 0.1 nM dexamethasone). GH stimulated IGF-I gene expression at all time points. In cells treated with GH plus metabolic hormones, IGF-I gene expression was intermediate between the controls and GH alone. Increasing concentrations of GH resulted in biphasic IGF-I gene expression response curves in cells from fed and fasted fish, with the threshold for stimulation from 0.5 to 2.5 nM GH, maximal response from 5 to 50 nM, and a reduced response at 500 nM. Medium IGF-I (5 nM) did not affect basal or GH stimulated IGF-I gene expression. This study shows that primary hepatocyte culture and the TaqMan IGF-I assay can be used to study the regulation of hepatic IGF-I gene expression in salmon, and provides the first evidence of a biphasic, response to GH concentration in fish hepatocyte culture. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Acquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Acquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM piercea@u.washington.edu NR 44 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 135 IS 3 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.10.010 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 764QG UT WOS:000188217100016 PM 14723892 ER PT J AU Muchhala, N Munroe, TA AF Muchhala, N Munroe, TA TI A new species of Soleichthys (Soleidae : Pleuronectiformes) from tropical seas off northern Australia SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soleidae; Soleichthys; new species; Pleuronectiformes AB Soleichthys maculosus, described from six specimens collected in shallow waters (37-63 m) off northern Australia, is readily distinguished from congeners by its unique ocular-side pigmentation featuring numerous, conspicuous white spots and blotches nearly as large as the eye diameter on a uniformly dark brown background without any crossbands, and in having two elongated, ocular-side pectoral-fin rays, with the second dorsalmost ray longer than the first, and without scales on the pectoral-fin rays. Soleichthys maculosus is most similar to S. siammakuti, a poorly-known species collected in the Gulf of Thailand, but differs from S. siammakuti in having the second dorsalmost ocular-side pectoral-fin ray longer than the first (vs. first ocular-side pectoral-fin ray longer in S. siammakuti), and in having different ocular-side pigmentation than that of S. siammakuti, which features yellow spots on dorsal and anal fins, two conspicuous white spots arranged in longitudinal series on the lateral line, and also a series of nine, light brown crossbands on a dark brown body. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab,NHB,WC 57, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab,NHB,WC 57, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroe.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10228-003-0196-0 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 777JC UT WOS:000189173400009 ER PT J AU Hoshino, K Amaoka, K Munroe, TA AF Hoshino, K Amaoka, K Munroe, TA TI New records of sexual dimorphisms among the Pleuronectiformes exhibited by differences in urogenital papilla structure of Citharichthys platophrys (Paralichthyidae : Pleuronectiformes) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Citharichthys platophrys; sexual dimorphism; urogenital papilla ID BEHAVIOR; FLOUNDER AB Sexual dimorphisms of the urogenital papilla are reported in the eastern Pacific paralichthyid flounder Citharichthys platophrys. In males, the urogenital papilla is longer than that in females, and it has several (2-7) obvious lateral projections. Urogenital papilla length is not sexually dimorphic among related flatfishes (species of Paralichthyidae and Bothidae) examined. Several species of Citharichthys and Etropus have small, poorly developed lateral projections, which may suggest that these species share a common ancestry. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, MRC 0159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Marine Ecol Inst, Osaka 5610808, Japan. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 0159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoshino, K (reprint author), Natl Sci Museum, Shinjuku Ku, 3-23-1 Hyakunin Cho, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. EM khoshino@kahaku.go.jp; amaoka@fish.hokudai.ac.jp NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 81 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10228-003-0193-3 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 777JC UT WOS:000189173400014 ER PT J AU Monaldo, FM Thompson, DR Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P AF Monaldo, FM Thompson, DR Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P TI A systematic comparison of QuikSCAT and SAR ocean surface wind speeds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE marine boundary layer; marine wind speed; QuikSCAT winds; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SCATTEROMETER; POLARIZATION; BACKSCATTER; RETRIEVAL; SEASAT; GHZ AB We performed a systematic comparison of wind speed measurements from the SeaWinds QuikSCAT scatterometer and wind speeds computed from RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) normalized radar cross section measurements. These comparisons were made over in the Gulf of Alaska and extended over a two-year period, 2000 and 2001. The SAR wind speed estimates require a wind direction to initialize the retrieval. Here, we first used wind directions from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) model. For these retrievals, the standard deviation between the resulting SAR and QuikSCAT wind speed measurements was 1.78 m/s. When we used the QuikSCAT-measured wind directions to initialize the inversion, comparisons improve to a standard deviation of 1.36 m/s. We used these SAR-scatterometer comparisons to generate a new C-band horizontal polarization model function. With this new model function, the wind speed inversion improves to a standard deviation of 1.24 m/s with no mean bias. These results strongly suggest that SAR and QuikSCAT measurements can be combined to make better high-resolution wind measurements than either instrument could alone in coastal areas. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Ocean Remote Sensing Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Ocean Res Div, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Ocean Remote Sensing Grp, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM f.monaldo@jhuapl.edu; donald.thompson@jhuapi.edu; William.G.Pichel@noaa.gov; Pablo.Clemente-Colon@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149 NR 20 TC 85 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817213 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 773XA UT WOS:000188949600001 ER PT J AU Li, L Njoku, EG Im, E Chang, PS Germain, KS AF Li, L Njoku, EG Im, E Chang, PS Germain, KS TI A preliminary survey of radio-frequency interference over the US in Aqua AMSR-E data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR); microwave radiometry; radio-frequency interference (RFI); land remote sensing ID RADIOMETER AB A spectral difference method is used to quantify the magnitude and extent of radio-frequency interference (RFI) observed over the United States in the Aqua AMSR-E radiometer channels. A survey using data from the AMSR-E instrument launched in May 2002 shows the interference to be widespread in the C-band (6.9 GHz) channels. The RFI is located mostly, but not always, near large highly populated urban areas. The locations of interference are persistent in time, but the magnitudes show temporal and directional variability. Strong and moderate RFI can be identified relatively easily using an RFI index derived from the spectral difference between the 6.9- and 10.7-GHz channels. Weak RFI is difficult to distinguish, however, from natural geophysical variability. These findings have implications for future microwave sensing at C-band, particularly over land areas. An innovative concept for radiometer system design is also discussed as a possible mitigation approach. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM li.li@jpl.nasa.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; eastwood.im@jpl.nasa.gov; paul.s.chang@noaa.gov; karen.Stgermain@nrl.navy.mil RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938 NR 13 TC 114 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817195 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 773XA UT WOS:000188949600012 ER PT J AU Guillaume, NMP Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Lahti, M Linholm, LW Zaghloul, ME AF Guillaume, NMP Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Lahti, M Linholm, LW Zaghloul, ME TI Noncontact critical dimension metrology sensor for chrome photomasks featuring a low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE critical dimensions (CDs); linewidth; low temperature co-fired ceramic technology (LTCC); noncontact capacitive sensor; photomask metrology AB This paper describes a noncontact capacitive-sensor metrology sensor developed to measure minimum feature sizes, also called critical dimensions, patterned on photomasks that are used in semiconductor device manufacture. Additionally, this paper describes the test structures printed on photomasks that facilitate linewidth metrology with the new sensor. The metrology sensor is fabricated using a low temperature co-fired ceramic technology and its principle is based on noncontact microcapacitance measurements of features on chrome-on-glass reticles. C1 VTT Informat Technol Microsensing, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. VTT Elect Optoelect, Oulu 90521, Finland. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Guillaume, NMP (reprint author), VTT Informat Technol Microsensing, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. EM Nadine.Guillaume@vtt.fi; richard.allen@nisi.gov; michael.cresswell@nist.gov; Markku.Lahti@vtt.fi; linhl@erols.com; Zaghloul@gwu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1109/TSM.2003.822736 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 771VW UT WOS:000188807600004 ER PT J AU Demuth, JL DeMaria, M Knaff, JA Vonder Haar, TH AF Demuth, JL DeMaria, M Knaff, JA Vonder Haar, TH TI Evaluation of advanced microwave sounding unit tropical-cyclone intensity and size estimation algorithms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMSU; IMAGERY; WINDS AB Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data are used to provide objective estimates of 1-min maximum sustained surface winds, minimum sea level pressure, and the radii of 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt = 0.5144 m s(-1)) winds in the northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest quadrants of tropical cyclones. The algorithms are derived from AMSU temperature, pressure, and wind retrievals from all tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins during 1999-2001. National Hurricane Center best-track intensity and operational radii estimates are used as dependent variables in a multiple-regression approach. The intensity algorithms are evaluated for the developmental sample using a jackknife procedure and independent cases from the 2002 hurricane season. Jackknife results for the maximum winds and minimum sea level pressure estimates are mean absolute errors (MAE) of 11.0 kt and 6.7 hPa, respectively, and rmse of 14.1 kt and 9.3 hPa, respectively. For cases with corresponding reconnaissance data, the MAE are 10.7 kt and 6.1 hPa, and the rmse are 14.9 kt and 9.2 hPa. The independent cases for 2002 have errors that are only slightly larger than those from the developmental sample. Results from the jackknife evaluation of the 34-, 50-, and 64-kt radii show mean errors of 30, 24, and 14 n mi, respectively. The results for the independent sample from 2002 are generally comparable to the developmental sample, except for the 64-kt wind radii, which have larger errors. The radii errors for the 2002 sample with aircraft reconnaissance data available are all comparable to the errors from the jackknife sample, including the 64-kt radii. C1 Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, ORA,CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, ORA,CIRA, W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov RI Vonder Haar, Thomas/F-2048-2011; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; vonderhaar, thomas/N-6724-2015 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; vonderhaar, thomas/0000-0002-1962-7757 NR 21 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 282 EP 296 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0282:EOAMSU>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778WW UT WOS:000189265200005 ER PT J AU Underwood, SJ Ellrod, GP Kuhnert, AL AF Underwood, SJ Ellrod, GP Kuhnert, AL TI A multiple-case analysis of nocturnal radiation-fog development in the Central Valley of California utilizing the GOES nighttime fog product SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL SIMULATION; SATELLITE IMAGES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MONTANE FOREST; LIFE-CYCLE; MICROPHYSICS; PREDICTION; CLOUDS; RADIOMETER AB Radiation fog in the Central Valley of California has received very little attention in terms of climatological research. This study uses the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) nighttime fog product to develop a sequence of images and datasets that reveal patterns of nocturnal radiation-fog development in the Central Valley. Twenty long-lived, spatially extensive radiation-fog episodes, occurring from October through January, were selected for the period of 1997-2000. Mean hourly parameters for fog cover, fog development rate, and vertical development were calculated for the 20 episodes in the Central Valley. The study region is separated into five analysis divisions oriented from south to north for spatial comparisons within the valley. Large-scale radiation fog begins developing before 1800 LST, and rates of development vary widely from south to north. Radiation fog develops earlier and covers a larger area of the southern valley as compared with the central and northern portions of the valley. The horizontal extent of radiation fog is maximized at 0600 LST in the southern valley and near midnight in the central and northern parts of the valley. Vertical development reaches 300 m with regularity in the southern valley. Radiation-fog development of greater than 300 m occurs primarily in the early morning hours. Vertical development "bursts" are also observed in the southern valley during the morning hours. Climatologically important conditions for radiation-fog development in the Central Valley include cool 1600 LST surface temperatures, moisture availability as reflected by 1600 LST dewpoint temperatures, early evening surface cooling trends, the rapidity with which mean relative humidity reaches 90%, and the presence of cool, dry air aloft (700-500 hPa). C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Underwood, SJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, 4442 Faner Hall, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jeffreyu@siu.edu NR 62 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0297:AMAONR>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778WW UT WOS:000189265200006 ER PT J AU Zhang, SW Qiu, CJ Xu, Q AF Zhang, SW Qiu, CJ Xu, Q TI Estimating soil water contents from soil temperature measurements by using an adaptive Kalman filter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLUXES; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MOISTURE; LAYER; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION; TRANSPORT AB A simple soil heat transfer model is used together with an adaptive Kalman filter to estimate the daily averaged soil volumetric water contents from diurnal variations of the soil temperatures measured at different depths. In this method, the soil water contents are estimated as control variables that regulate the variations of soil temperatures at different depths and make the model nonbiased, while the model system noise covariance matrix is estimated by the covariance-matching technique. The method is tested with soil temperature data collected during 1-31 July 2000 from the Soil Water and Temperature System (SWATS) within the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) central facilities at Lamont. The estimated soil water contents are verified against the observed values, and the rms differences are found to be small. Sensitivity tests are performed, showing that the method is reliable and stable. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Lanzhou Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0379:ESWCFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778WW UT WOS:000189265200012 ER PT J AU Roschier, L Hakonen, P Bladh, K Delsing, P Lehnert, KW Spietz, L Schoelkopf, RJ AF Roschier, L Hakonen, P Bladh, K Delsing, P Lehnert, KW Spietz, L Schoelkopf, RJ TI Noise performance of the radio-frequency single-electron transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BALANCED AMPLIFIERS; CHARGE SENSITIVITY; PHOTON DETECTOR; DEVICE; LIMIT; RANGE AB We have analyzed a radio-frequency single-electron-transistor (RF-SET) circuit that includes a high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) amplifier, coupled to the single-electron-transistor (SET) via an impedance transformer. We consider how power is transferred between different components of the circuit, model noise components, and analyze the operating conditions of practical importance. The results are compared with experimental data on SETs. Good agreement is obtained between our noise model and the experimental results. Our analysis shows, also, that the biggest improvement to the present RF-SETs will be achieved by increasing the charging energy and by lowering the HEMT amplifier noise contribution. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Low Temp Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Microelect & Nanosci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roschier, L (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Low Temp Lab, POB 2200, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. EM leif.roschier@hut.fi RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Delsing, Per/F-7288-2010; Hakonen, Pertti/E-7688-2012; Schoelkopf, Robert/J-8178-2012 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Delsing, Per/0000-0002-1222-3506; Hakonen, Pertti/0000-0002-8247-4108; NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1274 EP 1286 DI 10.1063/1.1635972 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800070 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN TI Electrical, microstructural, and thermal stability characteristics of Ta/Ti/Ni/Au contacts to n-GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER OHMIC CONTACT; ALGAN/GAN; IMPLANTATION; MECHANISM; NITRIDE AB A metallization technique has been developed for obtaining low resistance Ohmic contact to n-GaN. The metallization technique involves the deposition of a metal layer combination Ta/Ti/Ni/Au on an n-GaN epilayer. It is observed that annealing at 750 degreesC for 45 s leads to low contact resistivity. Corresponding to a doping level of 5x10(17) cm(-3), the contact resistivity of the contact rho(S)=5.0x10(-6) Omega cm(2). The physical mechanisms underlying the realization of low contact resistivity is investigated using current-voltage characteristics, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.1063/1.1633660 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800109 ER PT J AU Ward, B Wanninkhof, R Minnett, PJ Head, MJ AF Ward, B Wanninkhof, R Minnett, PJ Head, MJ TI SkinDeEP: A profiling instrument for upper-decameter sea surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY-LAYER; EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; WIND-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; VALIDATION; INTERFACE; ACCURACY; WATER AB The Skin Depth Experimental Profiler (SkinDeEP) is an autonomous, self-contained, hydrodynamic instrument capable of making repeated, high-resolution profiles of temperature and conductivity within the ocean's upper decameter. Autonomous profiling operation is accomplished through SkinDeEP's ability to change its density: positive buoyancy is achieved by pumping air from inside the body of the profiler into an external, neoprene, inflatable sleeve; the instrument sinks when the sleeve is deflated by returning the air to the interior. The sensors are mounted some distance from the top endcap and data are recorded only during the ascending phase of the profile so as to minimize disruption of a naturally occurring scalar structure by the presence of the instrument. Temperature and conductivity are measured with resolutions in the submillimeter and millimeter ranges, respectively. Highly accurate and slower sensors are installed for calibration purposes. These data are used to study exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the structure of the ocean just below. C1 Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Atmospher Lab, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Precis Measurement Engn, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, WHOI MS 12, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bward@whoi.edu NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 207 EP 222 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0207:SAPIFU>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780PT UT WOS:000189391100006 ER PT J AU Rice, JP Butler, JJ Johnson, BC Minnett, PJ Maillet, KA Nightingale, TJ Hook, SJ Abtahi, A Donlon, CJ Barton, IJ AF Rice, JP Butler, JJ Johnson, BC Minnett, PJ Maillet, KA Nightingale, TJ Hook, SJ Abtahi, A Donlon, CJ Barton, IJ TI The Miami2001 infrared radiometer calibration and intercomparison. part I: Laboratory characterization of blackbody targets SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The second calibration and intercomparison of infrared radiometers (Miami2001) was held at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) during May-June 2001. The participants were from several groups involved with the validation of skin sea surface temperatures and land surface temperatures derived from the measurements of imaging radiometers on earth observation satellites. These satellite instruments include those currently on operational satellites and others that will be launched within two years following the workshop. There were two experimental campaigns carried out during the 1-week workshop: a set of measurements made by a variety of ship-based radiometers on board the Research Vessel F. G. Walton Smith in Gulf Stream waters off the eastern coast of Florida, and a set of laboratory measurements of typical external blackbodies used to calibrate these ship-based radiometers. This paper reports on the results obtained from the laboratory characterization on blackbody sources. A companion paper reports on the at-sea measurements. Five blackbody sources were intercompared by measurements of their brightness temperature using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Thermal-infrared Transfer Radiometer (TXR). Four of these sources are used for calibration of sea surface temperature radiometers. The fifth was a NIST water bath blackbody used for calibration of the TXR. All blackbodies agreed to better than +/-0.1degreesC at blackbody temperatures near the ambient room temperature. Some of the blackbodies had reduced effective emissivity relative to the NIST water bath blackbody, and hence they began to disagree at blackbody temperatures far enough away (> 15degreesC) from the ambient room temperature. For these, relative effective emissivity values were determined so that corrections can be applied if they are used in conditions of nonlaboratory ambient temperatures. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Inland & Marine Water Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. CSIRO Marine Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.rice@nist.gov RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 6 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0258:TMIRCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780PT UT WOS:000189391100008 ER PT J AU Chou, YC Chen, IC Hougen, JT AF Chou, YC Chen, IC Hougen, JT TI Anomalous splittings of torsional sublevels induced by the aldehyde inversion motion in the S-1 state of acetaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONALLY RESOLVED SPECTRA; GROUND VIBRATIONAL-STATE; METHYL-GROUP; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; TRANSITIONS; METHANOL; SYSTEM; METHYLAMINE-D1; SPECTROSCOPY AB The G(6) group-theoretical high-barrier formalism developed previously for internally rotating and inverting CH3NHD is used to interpret the abnormal torsional splittings in the S-1 state of acetaldehyde for levels 14(0-)15(0), 14(0-)15(1), and 14(0-)15(2), where 14(0-) denotes the upper inversion tunneling component of the aldehyde hydrogen and 15 denotes the methyl torsional vibration. This formalism, derived using an extended permutation-inversion group G(6)(m), treats simultaneously methyl torsional tunneling, aldehyde-hydrogen inversion tunneling and overall rotation. Fits to the rotational states of the four pairs of inversion-torsion vibrational levels (14(0+)15(0A,E), 14(0-)15(0A,E)), (14(0+)15(1A,E), 14(0-)15(1A,E)), (14(0+)15(2A,E), 14(0-)15(2A,E)), and (14(0+)15(3A,E), 14(0-)15(3A,E)) are performed, giving root-mean-square deviations of 0.003, 0.004, 0.004, and 0.004 cm(-1), respectively, which are nearly equal to the experimental uncertainty of 0.003 cm(-1). For torsional levels lying near the top of the torsional barrier, this theoretical model, after including higher-order terms, provides satisfactory fits to the experimental data. The partially anomalous K-doublet structure of the S-1 state, which deviates from that in a simple torsion-rotation molecule, is fitted using this formalism and is shown to arise from coupling of torsion and rotation motion with the aldehyde-hydrogen inversion. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chou, YC (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM icchen@mx.nthu.edu.tw NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2255 EP 2269 DI 10.1063/1.1633758 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400022 PM 15268365 ER PT J AU Jones, C Carvalho, LMV Higgins, RW Waliser, DE Schemm, JKE AF Jones, C Carvalho, LMV Higgins, RW Waliser, DE Schemm, JKE TI Climatology of tropical intraseasonal convective anomalies: 1979-2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; AMERICAN-MONSOON-SYSTEM; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; KELVIN WAVES; HEAT FLUXES AB Tropical intraseasonal convective anomalies (TICA) have a central role in subseasonal changes in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, but the climatology of TICA events has not been properly documented. This study exploits 24 years of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data and a tracking algorithm to develop a climatology of eastward propagating TICA events. Three distinct types of TICA occurrences are documented according to their propagation characteristics. The first type (IND) is characterized by events that propagate in the Indian Ocean without significant influence in the western Pacific Ocean. The second and third types are associated with occurrences of the Madden-Julian oscillation during boreal winters (MJO) and summers (ISO). The frequency of occurrence of TICA events is highest in April-June and October-December and lowest in July-September. An analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics reveals that MJO events tend to have the longest life cycle, greatest intensity, and largest variability inside the contiguous region of OLR anomaly. Given the data record of 24 years, the analysis of interannual occurrences of TICA events does not show statistically significant differences among events that occur in different phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A procedure is developed to identify major MJO events and estimate their frequency of occurrence in the data record. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@icess.ucsb.edu RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 46 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0523:COTICA>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200008 ER PT J AU Joseph, R Ting, MF Kushner, PJ AF Joseph, R Ting, MF Kushner, PJ TI The global stationary wave response to climate change in a coupled GCM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; EL-NINO; GREENHOUSE-GAS; LINEAR SIMULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SULFATE AEROSOLS; MODEL ASSESSMENT; SEASONAL CYCLE; MOUNTAIN MODEL; INCREASED CO2 AB The stationary wave response to global climate change in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's R30 coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM is studied. An ensemble of climate change simulations that use a standard prescription for time-dependent increases of greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol concentrations is compared to a multiple-century control simulation with these constituents fixed at preindustrial levels. The primary response to climate change is to zonalize the atmospheric circulation, that is, to reduce the amplitude of the stationary waves in all seasons. This zonalization is particularly strong in the boreal summer over the Tropics. In January, changes in the stationary waves resemble that of an El Nino, and all months exhibit an El Nino-like increase of precipitation in the central tropical Pacific. The dynamics of the stationary wave changes are studied with a linear stationary wave model, which is shown to simulate the stationary wave response to climate change remarkably well. The linear model is used to decompose the response into parts associated with changes to the zonal-mean basic state and with changes to the zonally asymmetric "forcings'' such as diabatic heating and transient eddy fluxes. The decomposition reveals that at least as much of the climate change response is accounted for by the change to the zonal-mean basic state as by the change to the zonally asymmetric forcings. For the January response in the Pacific-North American sector, it is also found that the diabatic heating forcing contribution dominates the climate change response but is significantly cancelled and phase shifted by the transient eddy forcing. The importance of the zonal mean and of the diabatic heating forcing contrasts strongly with previous linear stationary wave models of the El Nino, despite the similarity of the January stationary wave response to El Nino. In particular, in El Nino, changes to the zonal-mean circulation contribute little to the stationary wave response, and the transient eddy forcing dominates. The conclusions from the linear stationary wave model apparently contradict previous findings on the stationary wave response to climate change response in a coarse-resolution version of this model. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Joseph, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, 3420 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rjoseph@atmos.umd.edu RI Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 540 EP 556 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0540:TGSWRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200009 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM AF Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM TI Cloud radiative forcing of the Arctic surface: The influence of cloud properties, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; ANNUAL CYCLE; SEA-ICE; ENERGY BUDGET; WATER CLOUDS; HEAT-BUDGET; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; FLUXES AB An annual cycle of cloud and radiation measurements made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) program are utilized to determine which properties of Arctic clouds control the surface radiation balance. Surface cloud radiative forcing (CF), defined as the difference between the all-sky and clear-sky net surface radiative fluxes, was calculated from ground-based measurements of broadband fluxes and results from a clear-sky model. Longwave cloud forcing (CFLW) is shown to be a function of cloud temperature, height, and emissivity (i.e., microphysics). Shortwave cloud forcing (CFSW) is a function of cloud transmittance, surface albedo, and the solar zenith angle. The annual cycle of Arctic CF reveals cloud-induced surface warming through most of the year and a short period of surface cooling in the middle of summer, when cloud shading effects overwhelm cloud greenhouse effects. The sensitivity of CFLW to cloud fraction is about 0.65 W m(-2) per percent cloudiness. The sensitivity of CF SW to cloud fraction is a function of insolation and ranges over 0-1.0 W m(-2) per percent cloudiness for the sun angles observed at SHEBA. In all seasons, liquid-containing cloud scenes dominate both LW and SW radiative impacts on the surface. The annual mean CFLW (CFSW) for liquid-containing and ice-only cloud scenes is 52 (-21) and 16 (-3) W m(-2), respectively. In the LW, 95% of the radiatively important cloud scenes have bases below 4.3 km and have base temperatures warmer than -31degreesC. The CF LW is particularly sensitive to LWP for LWP, 30 g m(-2), which has profound implications in the winter surface radiation balance. The CF SW becomes more negative as surface albedo decreases and at higher sun elevations. Overall, low-level stratiform liquid and mixed-phase clouds are found to be the most important contributors to the Arctic surface radiation balance, while cirrus clouds and diamond dust layers are found to have only a small radiative impact on the Arctic surface. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, R-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Matthew.Shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 33 TC 198 Z9 199 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 616 EP 628 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0616:CRFOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200014 ER PT J AU Kushner, PJ Polvani, LM AF Kushner, PJ Polvani, LM TI Stratosphere-troposphere coupling in a relatively simple AGCM: The role of eddies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERNAL INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; PLANETARY WAVE ACTIVITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS; ANNULAR MODES AB The extratropical circulation response to cooling of the polar-winter stratosphere in a simple AGCM is investigated. The AGCM is a dry hydrostatic primitive equation model with zonally symmetric boundary conditions and analytically specified physics. It is found that, as the polar-winter stratosphere is cooled, the tropospheric jet shifts poleward. This response projects almost entirely and positively (by convention) onto the AGCM's annular mode. At the same time, the vertical flux of wave activity from the troposphere to the stratosphere is reduced and the meridional flux of wave activity from high to low latitudes is increased. Thus, as the stratosphere is cooled, the stratospheric wave drag is reduced. In order to understand this response, the transient adjustment of the stratosphere-troposphere system is investigated using an ensemble of "switch on'' stratospheric cooling runs of the AGCM. The response to the switch-on stratospheric cooling descends from the upper stratosphere into the troposphere on a time scale that matches simple downward- control theory estimates. The downward-control analysis is pursued with a zonally symmetric model that uses as input the thermal and eddy-driving terms from the eddying AGCM. With this model, the contributions to the response from the thermal and eddy-driving perturbations can be investigated separately, in the absence of eddy feedbacks. It is found that the stratospheric thermal perturbation, in the absence of such feedbacks, induces a response that is confined to the stratosphere. The stratospheric eddy-driving perturbation, on the other hand, induces a response that penetrates into the midtroposphere but does not account, in the zonally symmetric model, for the tropospheric jet shift. Furthermore, the tropospheric eddy-driving perturbation, in the zonally symmetric model, induces a strong upward response in the stratospheric winds. From these experiments and from additional experiments with the eddying AGCM, it is concluded that the stratospheric eddy-driving response induces a tropospheric response, but that the full circulation response results from a two-way coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM paul.kushner@noaa.gov RI Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 29 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0629:SCIARS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200015 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Yang, FL Goddard, L Schubert, S AF Kumar, A Yang, FL Goddard, L Schubert, S TI Differing trends in the tropical surface temperatures and precipitation over land and oceans SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; ENSO; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; PROJECT; CYCLE AB In the past 50 years, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical latitudes have trended toward a warmer ocean state. As a response, tropical land surface temperatures, as well as tropical tropospheric temperatures (as manifested in the variations in the 200-mb tropical heights), have also trended upward. Analysis of trends in the tropical precipitation fields, however, remains problematic because of the scarcity of the observed data over the tropical oceans. Using both observed data and data from atmospheric general circulation model simulations, trends in tropical precipitation over the ocean and land are analyzed. The analysis reveals that in the tropical latitudes over land, the precipitation trend differs from the trend in the surface temperature. Oceanic precipitation has an increasing trend that is consistent with increasing SSTs, whereas over the tropical land regions precipitation decreases. In contrast, land temperatures increase in phase with the trend in SSTs. It is suggested that the combination of increasing surface temperature and decreasing precipitation could produce considerably greater societal consequences compared with the traditionally argued scenario in which both temperature and precipitation increase in response to increasing SSTs. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. IRI, Forecast Div, Palisades, NY USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0653:DTITTS>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200017 ER PT J AU Sadek, F Diniz, S Kasperski, M Gioffre, M Simiu, E AF Sadek, F Diniz, S Kasperski, M Gioffre, M Simiu, E TI Sampling errors in the estimation of peak wind-induced internal forces in low-rise structures SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE errors; samples; buildings; multistory; internal forces; wind effects; stochastic models; structural reliability ID BUILDINGS AB Peak values in time histories of wind effects may be obtained by using the entire information inherent in the time series of the wind effect, a method entailing the estimation of the probability distribution of the peak through the application of the classical Rice procedure extended for non-Gaussian time histories. We present estimates of the sampling errors inherent in this method. These are needed for structural reliability calculations and for decisions on the requisite length of wind tunnel pressure records, especially for database-assisted design. If based on the analysis of 1-h-long records generated by Monte Carlo simulation, typical sampling errors in the estimation of peaks of time histories corresponding to windstorms of I-h duration are about 5%. If based on 30- or 20-min records, they are about 1.5 times or twice as large, respectively. Consideration of the sampling errors in reliability calculations entails an estimated increase in the requisite safety margins with respect to wind loading of roughly 2, 3, and 5% if 1-h, 30-min, or 20-min records are used, respectively. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Struct Engn, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Sadek, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2004 VL 130 IS 2 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:2(235) PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 768UF UT WOS:000188552900011 ER PT J AU Eklund, MW Peterson, ME Poysky, FT Paranjpye, RN Pelroy, GA AF Eklund, MW Peterson, ME Poysky, FT Paranjpye, RN Pelroy, GA TI Control of bacterial pathogens during processing of cold-smoked and dried salmon strips SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BOTULINUM TYPE-A; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM; MICROBIAL QUALITY; ENTEROTOXINS; INHIBITION; PRODUCTS; FISH AB Microbiological and chemical changes were determined during the smoking and drying of salmon strips processed at 29 to 31degreesC for 4 days at a facility in Alaska in 1993. During the process, Staphylococcus aureus populations increased to more than 10(5) CFU/g after 2 to 3 days of processing. Subsequent laboratory studies showed that a pellicle (dried skinlike surface) formed rapidly on the strips when there was rapid air circulation in the smokehouse and that bacteria embedded in or under the pellicle were able to grow even when heavy smoke deposition occurred. Under these conditions, an inoculum of 26 CFU/g of S. aureus increased to 10(5) CFU/g after 3 days of processing. Elimination of preprocess drying and reduction in air flow during smoking resulted in smoke deposition before pellicle formation and enabled the product to reach levels of water-phase salt and water activity that inhibit the growth of S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. In 1994, these modifications were then applied during processing at an Alaskan facility, and S. aureus could not be detected in the finished product. L. monocytogenes was detected in the raw product area, on the processing tables, and on the raw salmon strips, but it was not detected in the finished product when the smoke was applied before pellicle formation. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Paranjpye, RN (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rohinee.paranjpye@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 772GP UT WOS:000188833900018 PM 14968968 ER PT J AU Groisman, PY Knight, RW Karl, TR Easterling, DR Sun, BM Lawrimore, JH AF Groisman, PY Knight, RW Karl, TR Easterling, DR Sun, BM Lawrimore, JH TI Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; SECULAR TRENDS; FORMER USSR; SNOW COVER; STREAMFLOW; IMPACT; SUMMER; VARIABILITY AB Over the contiguous United States, precipitation, temperature, streamflow, and heavy and very heavy precipitation have increased during the twentieth century. In the east, high streamflow has increased as well. Soil wetness (as described by the Keetch-Byram Drought index) has increased over the northern and eastern regions of the United States, but in the southwestern quadrant of the country soil dryness has increased, making the region more susceptible to forest fires. In addition to these changes during the past 50 yr, increases in evaporation, near-surface humidity, total cloud cover, and low stratiform and cumulonimbus clouds have been observed. Snow cover has diminished earlier in the year in the west, and a decrease in near-surface wind speed has also occurred in many areas. Much of the increase in heavy and very heavy precipitation has occurred during the past three decades. C1 NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 NR 62 TC 307 Z9 321 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 64 EP 85 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0064:CCOTHC>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775TL UT WOS:000189076700005 ER PT J AU Ek, MB Holtslag, AAM AF Ek, MB Holtslag, AAM TI Influence of soil moisture on boundary layer cloud development SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; LAND-SURFACE; DAYTIME EVOLUTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; PINE FOREST; ETA-MODEL; SIMULATION; WATER AB The daytime interaction of the land surface with the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is studied using a coupled one-dimensional (column) land surface-ABL model. This is an extension of earlier work that focused on modeling the ABL for 31 May 1978 at Cabauw, Netherlands; previously, it was found that coupled land atmosphere tests using a simple land surface scheme did not accurately represent surface fluxes and coupled ABL development. Here, findings from that earlier study on ABL parameterization are utilized, and include a more sophisticated land surface scheme. This land surface scheme allows the land-atmosphere system to respond interactively with the ABL. Results indicate that in coupled land-atmosphere model runs, realistic daytime surface fluxes and atmospheric profiles are produced, even in the presence of ABL clouds (shallow cumulus). Subsequently, the role of soil moisture in the development of ABL clouds is explored in terms of a new relative humidity tendency equation at the ABL top where a number of processes and interactions are involved. Among other issues, it is shown that decreasing soil moisture may actually lead to an increase in ABL clouds in some cases. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Ek, MB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM michael.ek@noaa.gov RI Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010 OI Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481 NR 52 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0086:IOSMOB>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775TL UT WOS:000189076700006 ER PT J AU Williams, PA Kofler, JD AF Williams, PA Kofler, JD TI Narrow-band measurement of differential group delay by a six-state RF phase-shift technique: 40 a single-measurement uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differential group delay (DGD); modulation phase shift (MPS); polarization-mode dispersion (PMD); RF phase shift ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION AB We describe in detail our implementation of a modulation phase shift (MPS) technique for narrow-bandwidth measurement of differential group delay (DGD) and the principal states of polarization (PSP) in optical fibers and components. Our MPS technique involves launching six orthogonal polarization states (as opposed to the four states typically launched) to achieve improved measurement stability. The measurement bandwidth is 4.92 GHz (twice the 2.46 GHz RF modulation frequency), the measurement time is 13 s per point, and the single-measurement uncertainty is better than 40 fs (similar to95% confidence interval) for DGD values from 10 to 1000 fs. We demonstrate that this uncertainty can be greatly improved by averaging, yielding a 9.7 fs uncertainty (similar to95% confidence interval) on a device with 315 fs of DGD. Sources of uncertainty are detailed, including a DGD contribution from the detector itself. Simulations illustrate the uncertainty contribution of multiple DGD elements in series. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.williams@nist.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1109/JLT.2003.822116 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 806OS UT WOS:000220443800016 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, ST Williams, A Rippard, WH Clark, A Deiker, SW Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Ruggiero, ST Williams, A Rippard, WH Clark, A Deiker, SW Vale, LR Ullom, JN TI Dilute Al-Mn alloys for low-temperature device applications SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-EDGE-SENSORS; X-RAY MICROCALORIMETER; MAGNETIC-IMPURITIES; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; TUNNEL-JUNCTION; HEAT; FILMS; RESOLUTION; BOLOMETER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We discuss results on the superconducting, electron-transport, and tunneling properties of Al doped with Mn in the range of 1000 to 3000 ppm. We demonstrate that the critical temperature of Al can be systematically reduced to below 50 mK. Films are prepared by sputter deposition, and show values of d(ln R)/d(ln T) of similar to500, indicating sharp superconducting transitions. Al-Mn\I\Al-Mn tunnel junctions show low sub-gap conductance and BCS-like characteristics. Our results in general suggest that the material is of interest for transition-edge sensors operating in the 100 mK regime and superconductor/insulator/superconductor (S\I\S) and normal\insulator\ superconductor (N\I\S) devices, in the latter case where heavily doped Al-Mn can replace the normal metal. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ruggiero.1@nd.edu NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 973 EP 984 DI 10.1023/B:JOLT.0000013212.61515.56 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 767CW UT WOS:000188423500008 ER PT J AU Gilsinn, DE Ling, AV AF Gilsinn, DE Ling, AV TI Comparative statistical analysis of test parts manufactured in production environments SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WHIRLING VIBRATION; MACHINE-TOOLS; ERRORS AB Estimating error uncertainties arising in production parts is not a well-understood process. An approach to estimate these uncertainties was developed in this study. Machine tool error components were measured on a three-axis vertical machining center Multiple parts were produced on the measured machining center then measured on a coordinate measuring machine. Uncertainty models for hole-center to hole-center lengths and orthogonalities were developed using measured machine tool errors. These estimated uncertainties were compared against measured uncertainties. The main conclusion from the study is that the Law of Propagation of Uncertainties can be used to estimate machining uncertainties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgilsinn@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1115/1.1645876 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 807WM UT WOS:000220531600022 ER PT J AU Pajares, A Chumakov, M Lawn, BR AF Pajares, A Chumakov, M Lawn, BR TI Strength of silicon containing nanoscale flaws SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SODA-LIME GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; BRITTLE COATINGS; INDENTATION; SUBTHRESHOLD; FIBERS; DAMAGE; DEFORMATION; TOUGHNESS AB Silicon is a principal material in submicrometer-scale devices. Components in such devices are subject to intense local stress concentrations from nanoscale contacts during function. Questions arise as to the fundamental nature and extent of any strength-degrading damage incurred at such contacts on otherwise pristine surfaces. Here, a simple bilayer test procedure is adapted to probe the strengths of selected areas of silicon surfaces after nanoindentation with a Berkovich diamond. Analogous tests on silicate glass Surfaces are used as a control. The strengths increase with diminishing contact penetration in both materials, even below thresholds for visible cracking at the impression corners. However, the strength levels in the subthreshold region are much lower in the silicon, indicating exceptionally high brittleness and vulnerability to small-scale damage in this material. The results have important implications in the design of devices with silicon components. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.657 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DI UT WOS:000222316200039 ER PT J AU Cooke, SA Gerry, MCL Brugh, DJ Suenram, RD AF Cooke, SA Gerry, MCL Brugh, DJ Suenram, RD TI The rotational spectrum, nuclear field shift effects, Pt-195 nuclear spin-rotation constant, and electric dipole moment of PtSi SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; DUNHAM COEFFICIENTS; HYPERFINE CONSTANTS; ISOTOPE DEPENDENCE; CHARGE RADII; WAVE SPECTRA; STATES; EXCHANGE AB The pure rotational spectrum of the X(1)Sigma(+) ground electronic state of platinum monosilicide has been measured for nine isotopomers. For the most abundant isotopomer, (PtSi)-Pt-194-Si-28, the J = 1-0 and the J = 2-1 transitions were recorded up to the fourth vibrationally excited state. The data set obtained enabled a multi-isotopomer fit to a Dunham-type expression and the constants Y-01, Y-02, Y-11, Y-21, and Y-31 were determined. In the process of fitting the data it was necessary to include Born-Oppenheimer breakdown correction terms and the values and significance of these terms are discussed. Strong evidence is presented indicating within the rotational spectrum the presence of field shift effects due to the finite size of the Pt nucleus. The nuclear spin-rotation constant, C-I(Pt-195) is found to be 30.98(157)kHz in the ground vibrational state. Hyperfine structure arising from the Si-29 nucleus was not observed. The measurement of Stark shifts in the rotational spectrum of PtSi has enabled the determination of the dipole moments for the (PtSi)-Pt-194-Si-28 and (PtSi)-Pt-196-Si-28 isotopomers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerry, MCL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM mgerry@chem.ubc.ca RI Cooke, Stephen/D-4432-2009 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 223 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2003.11.003 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 771HG UT WOS:000188779100010 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Feely, RA Watanabe, YW Lamb, M AF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Watanabe, YW Lamb, M TI Temporal evolution of the North Pacific CO2 uptake rate SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; anthropogenic CO2; interannual variability; North Pacific ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; REDFIELD RATIOS; INDIAN-OCEAN; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; SURFACE OCEANS; TIME-SERIES; INCREASE; WESTERN AB The recent changes in the North Pacific uptake rate of carbon have been estimated using a number of different techniques over the past decade. Recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of estimates being submitted for publication. Most of these estimates can be grouped into one of five basic techniques: carbon time-series, non-carbon tracers, carbon tracers, empirical relationships, and inverse calculations. Examples of each of these techniques as they have been applied in the North Pacific are given and the estimates summarized. The results are divided into three categories: integrated water column uptake rate estimates, mixed layer increases, and surface pCO(2) increases. Most of the published values fall under the water column integrated uptake rate category. All of the estimates varied by region and depth range of integration, but generally showed consistent patterns of increased uptake from the tropics to the subtropics. The most disagreement between the methods was in the sub-arctic Pacific. Column integrated uptake rates ranged from 0.25 to 1.3 mol m(-2) yr(-1). The mixed layer uptake estimates were much more consistent, with values of 1.0-1.3 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) based on direct observations and multiple linear regression approaches. Surface pCO(2) changes showed the most obvious regional variability (0.5-2.5 muatm yr(-1)) reflecting the sensitivity of these measurements to differences in the physical and biological forcing. The different techniques used to evaluate the changes in North Pacific carbon distributions do not completely agree on the exact magnitude or spatial and temporal patterns of carbon uptake rate. Additional research is necessary to resolve these issues and better constrain the role of the North Pacific in the global carbon cycle. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038315.23875.ae PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765BW UT WOS:000188248100002 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Sabine, CL Schlitzer, R Bullister, JL Mecking, S Greeley, D AF Feely, RA Sabine, CL Schlitzer, R Bullister, JL Mecking, S Greeley, D TI Oxygen utilization and organic carbon remineralization in the upper water column of the Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE oxygen utilization; organic carbon; remineralization; chlorofluoro-carbons ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; REDFIELD RATIOS; FLUXES; CYCLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SEAWATER; SECTION; MATTER AB As a part of the JGOFS synthesis and modeling project, researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS/DOE/NOAA global CO2 survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. Working with international investigators we have compiled a Pacific Ocean data set with over 35,000 unique samples analyzed for at least two carbon species, oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) tracers, and hydrographic parameters. We use these data here to estimate in-situ oxygen utilization rates (OUR) and organic carbon remineralization rates within the upper water column of the Pacific Ocean. OURs are derived from the observed apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and the water age estimates based on CFCs in the upper water and natural radiocarbon in deep waters. The rates are generally highest just below the euphotic zone and decrease with depth to values that are much lower and nearly constant in water deeper than 1200 m. OURs ranged from about 0.02-10 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) in the upper water masses from about 100-1000 m, and averaged = 0.10 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) in deep waters below 1200 m. The OUR data can be used to directly estimate organic carbon remineralization rates using the C:O Redfield ratio given in Anderson and Sarmiento (1994). When these rates are integrated we obtain an estimate of 5.3 +/- 1 Pg C yr(-1) for the remineralization of organic carbon in the upper water column of the Pacific Ocean. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 26 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038317.01279.aa PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765BW UT WOS:000188248100004 ER PT J AU May, EF Edwards, TJ Mann, AG Manning, DK AF May, EF Edwards, TJ Mann, AG Manning, DK TI Density, dielectric constant and PVT measurements of a gas condensate fluid SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE density; dielectric constant; gas condensates; multiphase flow; phase behaviour ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MIXTURES; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES; MPA; COMPONENTS; NITROGEN; ARGON AB Simultaneous measurements of the volume, dielectric constant and density have been made in both the vapor and liquid phases of a gas condensate fluid. The dielectric constant was measured with a microwave reentrant resonator, the density with a commercial vibrating tube densimeter and the volume with a PVT cell optimised for measurements on gas condensate fluids. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the fluid's composition. Sample fluid in the microwave resonator, densimeter and PVT cell could be thoroughly mixed expediting equilibrium and preserving sample integrity. Measurements were made at approximately 308 and 318 K at 12.4 MPa, conditions representative of the well head. These data will allow the calibration of multiphase flow meters used in the production stream of this fluid. The data are compared with the predictions of a cubic equation of state to ascertain whether simple correlations can provide the accuracy necessary to calibrate multiphase flow meters. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Oil & Gas Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Vis Reservoir Management Technol Int, R&D Ctr, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. RP May, EF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Mail Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.may@nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2003.10.001 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 768UL UT WOS:000188553400005 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE Zhao, JC Henry, MF AF Campbell, CE Zhao, JC Henry, MF TI Comparison of experimental and simulated multicomponent Ni-base superalloy diffusion couples SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article ID FE-NI; NUMERICAL TREATMENT; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; AL-FE; ALLOYS; IRON; CR; INTERDIFFUSION; MOBILITIES; ALUMINIUM AB A multicomponent diffusion mobility database for the Ni-rich fcc phase [2002Cam] is evaluated by comparing diffusion simulation to two experimental multicomponent Ni-base superalloy diffusion couples: Ni/Rene-88 and IN718/Rene-88. The diffusion simulations use composition-dependent thermodynamic and diffusion quantities within a finite difference code to simulate single-phase and multiphase planar layers. The multiphase layers consist of a matrix phase and a disperse phase. The calculated composition profiles, interdiffusion coefficients, phase fraction profiles, and location of Kirkendall porosity are compared with experimental results. To treat diffusion in the IN718 alloy, iron and carbon are added to the existing diffusion mobility database using previous assessment work and new assessments of Fe-Al and Fe-Co. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. GE Co, Global Res Ceram & Met, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carelyn.campbell@nist.gov RI Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/H-4387-2012 OI Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/0000-0002-4426-1080 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1361/10549710417966 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 814NK UT WOS:000220981200003 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Stabeno, PJ Riser, SC AF Johnson, GC Stabeno, PJ Riser, SC TI The Bering Slope Current system revisited SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-TRACKED DRIFTERS; SEA BASIN; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; PACIFIC; EDDY AB Mean circulation and water properties within the Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea are investigated using hydrographic and subsurface park pressure displacement data from a regional array of 14 profiling CTD floats. After 10 days drifting at 1000 dbar, each float measures temperature and salinity profiles as it rises to the surface and then transmits these data via satellites, which also make several fixes of the float surface positions before it sinks again. Every fourth cycle, the floats sink from 1000 dbar to a 2000-dbar target just prior to ascent to measure deeper profiles. The 1000-dbar displacements estimated from the float surface position fixes reveal a coherent few-centimeters-per-second northwestward flow along the northeastern boundary, the deep signature of the Bering Slope Current. Middepth water property distributions are consistent with cyclonic advection of warm water from the south around the basin, eastward in the Aleutian North Slope Current, and then northwestward in the Bering Slope Current. Geostrophic transport estimates relative to 1000 dbar also show cyclonic motion, although with significant noise, likely owing to the influence of mesoscale eddies. The mean alongslope geostrophic transport of the Bering Slope Current is determined between 0 and 1900 dbar relative to 1000 dbar and then combined with mean along-slope velocities at 1000 dbar. The result is an absolute geostrophic transport estimate with 95% confidence intervals for the along-slope current offshore of the 1000-m isobath and between 0 and 1900 dbar of 5.8 (+/-1.7) x 10(6) m(3) s(-1). C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 384 EP 398 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0384:TBSCSR>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 772LX UT WOS:000188844500004 ER PT J AU Vaillancourt, RD Brown, CW Guillard, RRL Balch, WM AF Vaillancourt, RD Brown, CW Guillard, RRL Balch, WM TI Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton: relationships to cell size, chemical composition and taxonomy SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BACKWARD-SCATTERING COEFFICIENT; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EFFICIENCY FACTORS; GROWTH IRRADIANCE; OCEANIC WATERS; SEA-WATER; ABSORPTION AB Spectral backscattering coefficients were determined for 29 species of cultured marine plankton representing 12 classes using a fixed-angle backscattering meter. Using a multi-angle scattering meter, the volume scattering function was measured and a proportionality constant (chi) between beta(141degrees) and b(b) was determined as 0.82 (+/-0.01 SE), less than the chi value of 1.08 reported for natural waters. Backscattering efficiencies (at 440 nm) of cultures varied between 0.0023 and 0.081 and showed little spectral variation. Plankton backscattering coefficients at 510 nm showed the lowest variability between species when normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) [4 x 10(-6) (+/- 57% SD) m(2) mg POC-1 at 510 nm], more when normalized to chlorophyll a (Chl a) [8 x 10(-4) (+/- 112% SD) m(2) mg Chl a(-1) at 510 nm], and the greatest when normalized to cell number concentration [9 x 10(-13) (+/- 238% SD) m(2) mg cell(-1) at 510 nm]. There were large variations in the relationships between Chl a, POC and backscattering within and between species. The dinoflagellates were the most efficient backscatterers, owing to their high POCi and D. The diatoms were mid-range in Q(bb) because the presence of the vacuole decreased POCi. The cyanophytes, eustigmatophytes and heterotrophic bacteria were the least efficient scatterers owing to their small cell sizes. Comparison of experimental Q(bb) to those predicted by Mie's scattering model that represents a phytoplankton cell as a homogeneous sphere probably overestimates the value of the real refractive index for these species. Scattering models that consider more complex cellular structure are likely to provide better closure with experimental results. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vaillancourt, RD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM vaillanc@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 NR 72 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2 BP 191 EP 212 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbh012 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 774MV UT WOS:000188987800009 ER PT J AU Hexemer, A Sivaniah, E Kramer, EJ Xiang, M Li, X Fischer, A Ober, CK AF Hexemer, A Sivaniah, E Kramer, EJ Xiang, M Li, X Fischer, A Ober, CK TI Managing polymer surface structure using surface active block copolymers in block copolymer mixtures SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; fluoropolymers; liquid-crystalline polymers (LCP); surfaces; self-assembly ID SIDE-GROUPS; DENDRIMERS; ORIENTATION; ENERGY; FILMS; NEXAFS; ORDER AB Surface coatings were prepared from semifluorinated monodendron surface-active block copolymers (SABC) and a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) [poly(styrene-b-ethylene butylene-b-styrene)] by either spin-casting a bilayer structure or by blending. The surface of these coatings was characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning force microscopy (SFM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) methods. Both bilayers and blends resulted in very low energy surfaces under the right processing conditions and the liquid crystallinity of the semifluorinated monodendrons gave rise to temporally stable, non-reconstructing surfaces in water. However for small thicknesses of the SABC top layer or for low SABC content blends, SFM shows islands of the fluorinated block of the SABC and incomplete surface coverage of the TPE, an observation confirmed by NEXAFS analysis. Very high water contact angles were produced by even modest amounts of SABC in either case but to achieve low contact angle hysteresis, it was necessary to produce uniform surface coverage by the SABC. Such uniform coverage can be accomplished by spin casting a top layer of SABC as thin as 60 nm in the bilayer case but at least 10 wt% SABC in TPE combined with drop casting of a hot solutions is needed for the blends to achieve equivalent surface structure and properties. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hexemer, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1002/polb.10686 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 764FM UT WOS:000188196800006 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK AF Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK TI Coherence function and mean field of plane and spherical sound waves propagating through inhomogeneous anisotropic turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; SHEAR AB Inhomogeneity and anisotropy are intrinsic characteristics of daytime and nighttime atmospheric turbulence. For example, turbulent eddies are often stretched in the direction of the mean wind, and the turbulence statistics depends on the height above the ground. Recent studies have shown that the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of plane and spherical sound waves are significantly affected by turbulence inhomogeneity and anisotropy. The present paper is devoted to studies of the mean sound field and the coherence functions of plane and spherical sound waves propagating through inhomogeneous anisotropic turbulence with temperature and velocity fluctuations. These statistical moments of a sound field are important in many practical applications, e.g., for source detection, ranging, and recognition. Formulas are derived for the mean sound field and coherence function of initially arbitrary waveform. Using the latter formula, we also obtained formulas for the coherence functions of plane and spherical sound waves. All these formulas coincide with those known in the literature for two limiting cases: homogeneous isotropic turbulence with temperature and wind velocity fluctuations, and inhomogeneous anisotropic turbulence with temperature fluctuations only. Using the formulas obtained, we have numerically shown that turbulence inhomogeneity significantly affects the coherence functions of plane and spherical sound waves. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 115 IS 2 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1121/1.1639339 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 773VD UT WOS:000188944100006 PM 15000162 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, AA Herman, H Almer, J Lienert, U Haeffner, D AF Kulkarni, AA Herman, H Almer, J Lienert, U Haeffner, D TI Denth-resolved porosity investigation of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings using high-energy X-rays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; STRESS AB Demands for designing prime reliant, energy-efficient, and high-performance thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas turbines have led to a growing interest toward comprehensive microstructural characterization. Here we investigate the novel use of high-energy X-rays for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), together with wide-angle scattering and radiography, for the depth-resolved characterization of TBCs grown by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The coating microstructure is found to consist of columns perpendicular to the substrate, extending through the thickness, with a [001] growth texture and significant intercolumnar porosity. In addition, overshadowing effects during deposition together with gas entrapment give rise to nanoscale intracolumnar porosity consisting of featherlike and globular pores. Radiography showed an increase in the total porosity, from 15 % near the substrate to 25% near the coating surface, which is ascribed to an increase in the intercolumnar spacing at the top of the coating. By contrast, the small-angle scattering studies, which are sensitive to fine features, showed the pore internal surface area to be greatest near the substrate. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corp, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. RP Kulkarni, AA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00268.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 777DB UT WOS:000189158500015 ER PT J AU Hanton, SD Hyder, IZ Stets, JR Owens, KG Blair, WR Guttman, CM Giuseppetti, AA AF Hanton, SD Hyder, IZ Stets, JR Owens, KG Blair, WR Guttman, CM Giuseppetti, AA TI Investigations of electrospray sample deposition for polymer MALDI mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DESORPTION IONIZATION; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; SURFACES; INTENSITY AB In the interest of a more thorough understanding of the relationship between sample deposition technique and the quality of data obtained using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, details of the electrospray (ES) process of sample deposition are investigated using a number of techniques. Sample morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while matrix-enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry (MESIMS) monitored surface coverage. Electrospray deposition reduces the analyte segregation that can occur during traditional dried droplet deposition for MALDI. We attribute statistically significant improvements in the reproducibility of signal intensity and MALDI average molecular mass measurements to the ES sample deposition technique. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hanton, SD (reprint author), Air Prod & Chem Inc, 7201 Hamilton Blvd, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. EM HantonSD@APCI.com RI Owens, Kevin/F-1633-2013; OI Owens, Kevin/0000-0002-2813-3169 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1067/j.jasms.2003.09.012 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 772DP UT WOS:000188825600005 PM 14766284 ER PT J AU Vallis, GK Gerber, EP Kushner, PJ Cash, BA AF Vallis, GK Gerber, EP Kushner, PJ Cash, BA TI A mechanism and simple dynamical model of the North Atlantic Oscillation and annular modes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL; EDDY FEEDBACK; ZONAL INDEX; BETA-PLANE; VARIABILITY; FLOW; MAINTENANCE; HEMISPHERE; SPECTRA; JETS AB A simple dynamical model is presented for the basic spatial and temporal structure of the large-scale modes of intraseasonal variability and associated variations in the zonal index. Such variability in the extratropical atmosphere is known to be represented by fairly well-defined patterns, and among the most prominent are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a more zonally symmetric pattern known as an annular mode, which is most pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. These patterns may be produced by the momentum fluxes associated with large-scale midlatitude stirring, such as that provided by baroclinic eddies. It is shown how such stirring, as represented by a simple stochastic forcing in a barotropic model, leads to a variability in the zonal flow via a variability in the eddy momentum flux convergence and to patterns similar to those observed. Typically, the leading modes of variability may be characterized as a mixture of "wobbles'' in the zonal jet position and "pulses'' in the zonal jet strength. If the stochastic forcing is statistically zonally uniform, then the resulting patterns of variability as represented by empirical orthogonal functions are almost zonally uniform and the pressure pattern is dipolar in the meridional direction, resembling an annular mode. If the forcing is enhanced in a zonally localized region, thus mimicking the effects of a storm track over the ocean, then the resulting variability pattern is zonally localized, resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation. This suggests that the North Atlantic Oscillation and annular modes are produced by the same mechanism and are manifestations of the same phenomenon. The time scale of variability of the patterns is longer than the decorrelation time scale of the stochastic forcing, because of the temporal integration of the forcing by the equations of motion limited by the effects of nonlinear dynamics and friction. For reasonable parameters these produce a decorrelation time of the order of 5-10 days. The model also produces some long-term (100 days or longer) variability, without imposing such variability via the external parameters except insofar as it is contained in the nearly white stochastic forcing. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Vallis, GK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gkv@princeton.edu RI Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 28 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 264 EP 280 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0264:AMASDM>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770DD UT WOS:000188707200002 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Mapes, B Zhang, MH Newman, M AF Lin, JL Mapes, B Zhang, MH Newman, M TI Stratiform precipitation, vertical heating profiles, and the Madden-Julian oscillation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; TOGA COARE IOP; WAVE-CISK; WESTERN PACIFIC; NORTHERN WINTER; CLOUD CLUSTERS AB The observed profile of heating through the troposphere in the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is found to be very top heavy: more so than seasonal-mean heating and systematically more so than all of the seven models for which intraseasonal heating anomaly profiles have been published. Consistently, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar shows that stratiform precipitation (known to heat the upper troposphere and cool the lower troposphere) contributes more to intraseasonal rainfall variations than it does to seasonal-mean rainfall. Stratiform rainfall anomalies lag convective rainfall anomalies by a few days. Reasons for this lag apparently include increased wind shear and middle-upper tropospheric humidity, which also lag convective (and total) rainfall by a few days. A distinct rearward tilt is seen in anomalous heating time-height sections, in both the strong December 1992 MJO event observed by the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) and a composite MJO constructed from multiyear datasets. Interpretation is aided by a formal partitioning of the COARE heating section into convective, stratiform, and radiative components. The tilted structure after the maximum surface rainfall appears to be largely contributed by latent and radiative heating in enhanced stratiform anvils. However, the tilt of anomalous heating ahead of maximum rainfall is seen within the convective component, suggesting a change from shallower to deeper convective heating as the wet phase of the MJO approached the longitude of the observations. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr R CD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Jialin.Lin@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; NR 93 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0296:SPVHPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770DD UT WOS:000188707200004 ER PT J AU McFarquhar, GM Black, RA AF McFarquhar, GM Black, RA TI Observations of particle size and phase in tropical cyclones: Implications for mesoscale modeling of microphysical processes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE WATER-CONTENT; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; FRONTAL CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; VERTICAL MOTIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; POWER LAWS AB Mesoscale model simulations of tropical cyclones are sensitive to representations of microphysical processes, such as fall velocities of frozen hydrometeors. The majority of microphysical parameterizations are based on observations obtained in clouds not associated with tropical cyclones, and hence their suitability for use in simulations of tropical cyclones is not known. Here, representations of mass-weighted fall speed V-m for snow and graupel are examined to show that parameters describing the exponential size distributions and fall speeds of individual hydrometeors [ through use of relations such as V(D) = aD(b)] are identically important for determining V-m. The a and b coefficients are determined by the composition and shape of snow and graupel particles; past modeling studies have not adequately considered the possible spread of a and b values. Step variations in these coefficients, associated with different fall velocity regimes, however, do not have a large impact on V-m for observed size distributions in tropical cyclones and the values of a and b used here, provided that coefficients are chosen in accordance with the sizes where the majority of mass occurs. New parameterizations for V-m are developed such that there are no inconsistencies between the diameters used to define the mass, number concentration, and fall speeds of individual hydrometeors. Effects due to previous inconsistencies in defined diameters on mass conversion rates between different hydrometeor classes ( e. g., snow, graupel, cloud ice) are shown to be significant. In situ microphysical data obtained in Hurricane Norbert ( 1984) and Hurricane Emily ( 1987) with two-dimensional cloud and precipitation probes are examined to determine typical size distributions of snow and graupel particles near the melting layer. Although well represented by exponential functions, there are substantial differences in how the intercept and slope of these distributions vary with mass content when compared to observations obtained in other locations; most notably, the intercepts of the size distributions associated with tropical cyclones increase with mass content, whereas some observations outside tropical cyclones show a decrease. Differences in the characteristics of the size distributions in updraft and downdraft regions, when compared to stratiform regions, exist, especially for graupel. A new representation for size distributions associated with tropical cyclones is derived and has significant impacts on the calculation of V-m. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, HRD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP McFarquhar, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mcfarq@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Black, Robert/C-9617-2009; OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 61 IS 4 BP 422 EP 439 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0422:OOPSAP>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773RE UT WOS:000188935900004 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fu, ZG Fischer, DA McBreen, J AF Yoon, WS Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fu, ZG Fischer, DA McBreen, J TI Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of a LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode during charge SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI ION DEINTERCALATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; OK-EDGE; LICOO2; COVALENCY; XANES; PROBE AB Soft X-ray (200 to 1000 eV) absorption spectroscopy at the O K-edge and the metal L-II,L-III-edges, in both the fluorescence yield (FY) and the partial electron yield (PEY) mode, has been used to probe the electronic structure of electrochemically deintercalated Li1-xNi0.5Mn0.5O2. FY and PEY spectra of the transition metal L-II,L-III-edges, indicated that Mn ions remain mostly unchanged in the Mn4+ state at all levels of charge. However, the Ni FY L-edge spectra show a continuous shift to higher energy during charge, but remain mostly unchanged in the PEY data. The results of the FY data show that the Ni ions in the bulk are oxidized form Ni2+ to Ni4+ during charge. The difference between the surface-sensitive PEY data and the bulk-sensitive FY data indicates that the surface of Li1-xNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has a different electronic structure than the bulk. The shift in the O K-edge to lower energies and the development of a shoulder on the low energy side of the first pre-edge peak indicates that the holes compensating the lithium ion deintercalation are located in O 2p states as well as Ni 3d states. These results show that soft X-ray absorption is a powerful technique for studying the electronic structure of new battery materials and it provides unique complementary information to that obtained from hard X-ray (above 1000 eV) absorption studies at the transition metal K-edges. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jmcbreen@bnl.gov RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP A246 EP A251 DI 10.1149/1.1637896 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 764CR UT WOS:000188182100009 ER PT J AU Won, JG Yoon, SC Kim, SW Jefferson, A Dutton, EG Holben, BN AF Won, JG Yoon, SC Kim, SW Jefferson, A Dutton, EG Holben, BN TI Estimation of direct radiative forcing of Asian dust aerosols with Sun/Sky radiometer and lidar measurements at Gosan, Korea SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ACE-ASIA; ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; NETWORK; AERONET; CAMPAIGN AB In this study the aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) of Asian dust is evaluated by model simulation at Gosan, Jeju using the data from a sun/sky radiometer, a Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL), and column radiometer measurements of solar downwelling irradiance in April, 2001. We suggest a method of determining aerosol parameters for the radiative transfer model from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data set. Since the AERONET measurements provide the refractive indices at only four wavelengths, and the aerosol parameters can be calculated at these wavelengths with a Mie code, we use a linear regression method for extending these measurements to the full wavelength spectrum of the radiative transfer model. The aerosol forcing by the Asian dust aerosols is estimated and compared to the aerosol forcing of non-dust aerosols. On the Asian dust event day, April 13, the daily average ADRF was estimated as -58.1 W/m(2) at the surface and -25.7 W/m(2) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). On April 15, a non-dust day slightly influenced by anthropogenic aerosols, the ADRF was -29.0 W/m(2) at the surface and -11.6 W/m(2) at the TOA. Although the Asian dust aerosols show larger forcing, its forcing efficiency (forcing per unit optical thickness) is smaller than that of non-dust aerosols; -41.0 W/m(2)/tau(670) at the TOA and -94.9 W/m(2)/tau(670) at the surface on the dust day for dust aerosols, as opposed to -50.0 W/m(2)/tau(670) at the TOA and -129.3 W/m(2)/tau(670) at the surface on the non-dust day for non-dust aerosols. We believe that this is due to the larger single scattering albedo of dust aerosols, which causes smaller absorption, and the larger asymmetry factor which causes more forward scattering or less reflection, compared to anthropogenic aerosols. The model results were validated with the surface irradiance measurement data and the comparison showed a good agreement. The radiative transfer calculation underestimates the solar irradiance of 2similar to3% on average. The aerosol profiles measured by lidar are used to estimate the influence of the vertical distribution of Asian dust aerosols on the ADRF. Using the vertical aerosol profiles, we found an instantaneous short wave radiative heating larger than 2 K/day. We believe the enhanced heating rate by the aerosol layers contributes to the increase in static stability within the dust layer. This fact is verified by the temperature profile measured by the sonde, and may explain the longevity and consequently long-range transport of Asian dust. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Won, JG (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM wonjg@air.snu.ac.kr RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012 NR 41 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.2151/jmsj.82.115 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819UC UT WOS:000221340300007 ER PT J AU Roos, PA Meng, LS Murphy, SK Carlsten, JL AF Roos, PA Meng, LS Murphy, SK Carlsten, JL TI Approaching quantum-limited cw anti-Stokes conversion through cavity-enhanced Raman-resonant four-wave mixing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUNTERPROPAGATING LASER-BEAMS; H-2; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; WAVES; MEDIA AB Building on previous efficient Raman downconversion achievements, we present analytical theoretical results predicting that the upconversion efficiency from a continuous-wave pump beam into a single Raman anti-Stokes order can approach the quantum limit of 50%. We consider high-finesse cavity enhancement of the Raman-resonant four-wave mixing process to enable pumping with relatively low-power lasers. In addition to its practical value as a means of efficiently upconverting visible and near-infrared continuous-wave laser light, this technique can offer a probe into the fundamental limits and gain-suppression subtleties associated with Raman-resonant four-wave mixing. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carlsten@physics.montana.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.000357 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 771HF UT WOS:000188779000018 ER PT J AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ AF Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ TI Reference wavelengths in the spectra of Fe, Ge, and Pt in the region near 1935 angstrom SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; II WAVELENGTHS; ENERGY-LEVELS; LAMP; SPECTROMETRY; PLATINUM AB Wavelengths of seven spectral lines of Fe I, Ge I, and Pt I between 1932 Angstrom and 1938 Angstrom have been measured with uncertainties of less than 1 X 10(-4) Angstrom (5 parts in 10(8)) with Fourier-transform spectroscopy. These lines provide accurate standards for wavelength calibration of ArF excimer lasers operating at 193 nm. Previously reported wavelengths of Fe I, Cu II, and Ge I were evaluated for calibration of the absolute wavelength scale. Calibrations based on Fe I and Ge I were found to differ systematically by several parts in 10(8). A calibration based on Cu II was internally inconsistent at a level of 2 parts in 107 and was not used. Improved wavelengths for an additional 147 lines of Pt I and Pt II and 161 lines of Kr II in the region 1636 Angstrom to 3151 Angstrom are also reported. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gillian.nave@nist.gov; craig.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 442 EP 453 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.000442 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 771HF UT WOS:000188779000030 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Hu, BL Calzetta, E Roura, A Clark, C AF Rey, AM Hu, BL Calzetta, E Roura, A Clark, C TI BEC dynamics with fluctuations: Beyond HFB approximation SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Laser Physics Workshop CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Unites States European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID SELF-CONSISTENT APPROXIMATIONS; NONEQUILIBRIUM QUANTUM-FIELDS; PARTICLE CREATION; CURVED SPACETIME; ENTROPY; SYSTEMS; MOTION; GASES AB In this letter, we present nonequilibrium many-body approaches that go beyond the standard HFB approximation to study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) selectively loaded into every third site of a one-dimensional optical lattice. The motivation was the recent experimental realization of this system at NIST, where the placement of atoms in an optical lattice was controlled by using an intermediate superlattice. We use this system to illustrate many basic issues in nonequilibrium quantum-field theory pertaining to the dynamics of quantum correlations and fluctuations which goes beyond the capability of a mean-field theory. To adopt a more general framework wherein the correlation functions can be considered on an equal footing with the mean field, we use a two-particle irreducible (2PI) closed-time-path (CTP) effective action approach. Under the 2PI CTP scheme, three different approximations are considered: the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approximation, the next-to-leading order 1/N expansion of the 2PI effective action up to second order in the interaction strength, and the second-order perturbative expansion in the interaction strength. Besides the 2PI effective action approach, we also employ a time-dependent approximation based on a Gutzwiller-type wavefunction. This type of ansatz has given a correct qualitative description of the phase diagram of the Mott insulator transition. We determine the range of validity of the different approximations by contrasting them with the direct numerical solution of the Schroedinger equation performed in a Fock state basis in the case of few atoms and wells. As a general feature we observe that, because the second-order 2PI approximations include multiparticle scattering, in a systematic way, they are able to capture damping effects that a mean field collisionless approach fails to produce. While the second-order approximations show a clear improvement over the HFB approximation, our numerical result shows that they do not work so well at late times, when interaction effects are significant. On the other hand, we observe that even though the Gutzwiller approximation is able to capture the decay of the condensate population, it does not give an accurate description of the fluctuations because it lacks long range-order correlation. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM arey@nist.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 318 EP 330 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 800GD UT WOS:000220016000033 ER PT J AU Levings, CD Stein, JE Stehr, CM Samis, SC AF Levings, CD Stein, JE Stehr, CM Samis, SC TI Introduction to the PICES practical workshop: objectives, overview of the study area, and projects conducted by the participants SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interdisciplinary Assessment of Marine Environmental Quality CY 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Benthos; fish; heavy metal; international cooperation; pesticides; petroleum hydrocarbons; marine environmental quality; Vancouver; British Columbia ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA FJORD; BURRARD INLET; CONTAMINANTS; VANCOUVER; GEORGIA; STRAIT AB We coordinated a collaborative research project to investigate environmental conditions in Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia, Canada, between 23 May and 7 June 1999. This special volume of Marine Environmental Research presents a collection of papers giving results of these studies. The project was part of a practical workshop sponsored by the Marine Environmental Quality (MEQ) committee of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Twenty-four scientists from PICES countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China) participated. A wide variety of data was collected, including community structure of benthic invertebrates and fish, evaluation of fish health using biological markers and exposure data, evaluation of contaminant exposure in inter-tidal invertebrates, imposex in gastropods, and information about natural toxins produced by algae. The workshop provided an opportunity for PICES participants to gain an improved appreciation of the approaches and techniques used by other member countries to assess the effects of marine pollution. The purpose of this introductory paper is to briefly describe the project, provide background information on how it was organized, and give an overview of our knowledge about the harbour's environment. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, Sci Branch, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Habitat & Enhancement Branch, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S4, Canada. RP Levings, CD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, Sci Branch, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00057-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 725RC UT WOS:000185555300002 PM 12962643 ER PT J AU Bolton, JL Stehr, CM Boyd, DT Burrows, DG Tkalin, AV Lishavskaya, TS AF Bolton, JL Stehr, CM Boyd, DT Burrows, DG Tkalin, AV Lishavskaya, TS TI Organic and trace metal contaminants in sediments and English sole tissues from Vancouver Harbour, Canada SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interdisciplinary Assessment of Marine Environmental Quality CY 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE pollution monitoring; trace elements; hydrocarbon; organochlorine; congeners; Vancouver Harbour; sediments; Pleuronectes vetulus ID TOXICOPATHIC HEPATIC-LESIONS; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; MARINE FISH; OIL-SPILL; EXPOSURE; COAST; USA AB As part of a multinational workshop on marine environmental quality, sediments were collected from seven sites in Vancouver Harbour and analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorines (OCs), and for trace metals. English sole were collected from five sites, and muscle was analyzed for trace metals and liver for OCs. As expected, sediment PAH and OC concentrations and tissue OC concentrations were higher at sites east of the First Narrows, compared to the outer harbor and reference sites. Sediment PAH concentrations east of the First Narrows were similar to concentrations at moderately contaminated sites in Puget Sound, south of Vancouver Harbour. In contrast, concentrations of OCs in sediments and tissue were low to moderate, even at relatively contaminated sites within Vancouver Harbour. Although several trace metals in sediments were higher than in contaminated sediments from Puget Sound, trace metals measured in fish muscle were lower. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. FERHRI, Vladivostok 690600, Russia. RP Bolton, JL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00058-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 725RC UT WOS:000185555300003 PM 12962644 ER PT J AU Stehr, CM Myers, MS Johnson, LL Spencer, S Stein, JE AF Stehr, CM Myers, MS Johnson, LL Spencer, S Stein, JE TI Toxicopathic liver lesions in English sole and chemical contaminant exposure in Vancouver Harbour, Canada SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interdisciplinary Assessment of Marine Environmental Quality CY 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Vancouver Harbour; English sole; liver lesions; histology; chernical pollution; fish; aromatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated hydrocarbons ID ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS FACTORS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; HOCKEY STICK REGRESSION; PUGET-SOUND; HEPATIC-LESIONS; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; WINTER FLOUNDER; ESTUARINE WATERS; PACIFIC COAST AB The prevalence of toxicopathic liver lesions in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) was determined along a presumed gradient of chemical contamination in Vancouver Harbour, Canada. Fish were captured from five sites in or near Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia, Canada. No toxicopathic lesions were observed in fish examined at the reference site (Howe Sound Outside Vancouver Harbour), or at the outer harbour site. In contrast, 20-23% of the fish from three sites located in the central harbour, Indian Arm and Port Moody Arm had one or more types of toxicopathic lesions. Likewise, aromatic hydrocarbon (AH) metabolites measured in bile exhibited a gradient in levels from lower concentrations at the reference site to significantly higher levels in fish from Indian Arm and Port Moody Arm harbour sites. The occurrence of toxicopathic liver lesions was statistically associated with concentrations of AHs measured in sediment and AH metabolite levels measured in bile. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Stehr, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00060-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 725RC UT WOS:000185555300005 PM 12962646 ER PT J AU Mumby, PJ Skirving, W Strong, AE Hardy, JT LeDrew, EF Hochberg, EJ Stumpf, RP David, LT AF Mumby, PJ Skirving, W Strong, AE Hardy, JT LeDrew, EF Hochberg, EJ Stumpf, RP David, LT TI Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE remote sensing; coral reefs ID HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL DISCRIMINATION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; WATER COLUMN; BOTTOM-TYPES; IMAGERY; PIGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMMUNITIES AB There has been a vast improvement in access to remotely sensed data in just a few recent years. This revolution of information is the result of heavy investment in new technology by governments and industry, rapid developments in computing power and storage, and easy dissemination of data over the internet. Today, remotely sensed data are available to virtually anyone with a desktop computer. Here, we review the status of one of the most popular areas of marine remote sensing research: coral reefs. Previous reviews have focused on the ability of remote sensing to map the structure and habitat composition of coral reefs, but have neglected to consider the physical environment in which reefs occur. We provide a holistic review of what can, might, and cannot be mapped using remote sensing at this time. We cover aspects of reef structure and health but also discuss the diversity of physical environmental data such as temperature, winds, solar radiation and water quality. There have been numerous recent advances in the remote sensing of reefs and we hope that this paper enhances awareness of the diverse data sources available, and helps practitioners identify realistic objectives for remote sensing in coral reef areas. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Exeter, Sch Biol Sci, Hatherly Labs, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. NOAA, Ctr Sci, ORAD, ORA,NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Univ Waterloo, Fac Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. NOAA, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Philippines, Coll Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Univ Exeter, Sch Biol Sci, Hatherly Labs, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Prince Wales Rd, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. EM p.j.mumby@ex.ac.uk RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427 NR 64 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 6 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.10.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 801NL UT WOS:000220102500014 PM 14972573 ER PT J AU McClanahan, TR Baird, AH Marshall, PA Toscano, MA AF McClanahan, TR Baird, AH Marshall, PA Toscano, MA TI Comparing bleaching and mortality responses of hard corals between southern Kenya and the Great Barrier Reef, Australia SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bleaching; climate change; coral communities; 1998 El Nino; regional variation; stress; sea surface temperature ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVENT; PATTERNS; DAMAGE; RECOVERY; AVAILABILITY AB We compared the bleaching and mortality response (BMI) of 19 common scleractinian corals to an anomalous warm-water event in 1998 to determine the degree of variation between depths, sites, and regions. Mombasa corals experienced a greater temperature anomaly than those on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sites and this was reflected in the greater BMI response of most taxa. Comparing coral taxa in different sites at the same depth produced high correlation coefficients in the bleaching response in Kenya at 2 m (r = 0.86) and GBR at 6 m depth sites (r = 0.80) but less in the GBR for shallow 2 m sites (r = 0.49). The pattern of taxa susceptibility was remarkably consistent between the regions. Coral taxa explained 52% of the variation in the response of colonies to bleaching between these two regions (Kenya BMI = 0.90 GBR BMI + 26; F(1,19) = 18.3; p < 0.001; r(2) = 0.52). Stylophora and Pocillopora were consistently susceptible while Cyphastrea, Goniopora Galaxea and Pavona were resistant in both regions. Three taxa behaved differently between the two regions; Acropora, and branching Porites were both moderately affected on the GBR but were highly affected in Kenya while the opposite was true for Pavona. These results suggest that a colonies response to bleaching is phylogenetically constrained, emphasizing the importance of features of the host's physiology or morphology in determining the response to thermal stress. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mombasa, Kenya. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Ctr Coral Reef Biodivers, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, ORAD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wildlife Conservat Soc, POB 99470, Mombasa, Kenya. EM tmcclanahan@wcs.org RI Baird, Andrew/C-8449-2009; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; OI Baird, Andrew/0000-0001-8504-4077; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584 NR 61 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 801NL UT WOS:000220102500026 PM 14972585 ER PT J AU Famodu, OO Hattrick-Simpers, J Aronova, M Chang, KS Murakami, M Wuttig, M Okazaki, T Furuya, Y Knauss, LA Bendersky, LA Biancaniello, FS Takeuchi, I AF Famodu, OO Hattrick-Simpers, J Aronova, M Chang, KS Murakami, M Wuttig, M Okazaki, T Furuya, Y Knauss, LA Bendersky, LA Biancaniello, FS Takeuchi, I TI Combinatorial investigation of ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys in the Ni-Mn-Al ternary system using a composition spread technique SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE combinatorial; ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys; composition spreads; thin-film; phase diagram; martensitic transitions; quantitative magnetization mapping; scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy; magnetization; NiMnAl ID FIELD-INDUCED STRAINS; HEUSLER ALLOYS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BETA-PHASE; TEMPERATURE; CO; NI2MNGA; GROWTH; FILMS AB Using a thin-film composition spread technique, we have mapped the phase diagram of the Ni-Mn-Al ternary system in search of ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FMSA). A characterization technique that allows detection of martensitic transitions by visual inspection using micromachined cantilever arrays was combined with quantitative magnetization mapping using scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. A large compositional region in the Al deficient part of the phase diagram was found to be ferromagnetic and reversibly martensitic at room temperature. In addition, in the Al rich region, a new compositional range that displays marked ferromagnetism was found. C1 Univ Maryland, Small Smart Syst Ctr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan. Neocera Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Small Smart Syst Ctr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM takeuchi@squid.umd.edu NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.2320/matertrans.45.173 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 804BY UT WOS:000220275400003 ER PT J AU Gultepe, I Isaac, GA Key, J Intrieri, J Starr, DO Strawbridge, KB AF Gultepe, I Isaac, GA Key, J Intrieri, J Starr, DO Strawbridge, KB TI Dynamical and microphysical characteristics of Arctic clouds using integrated observations collected over SHEBA during the April 1998 FIRE.ACE flights of the Canadian Convair SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE PARTICLE-SIZE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; DOPPLER RADAR; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ICE CLOUDS; LEADS AB The purpose of this study is to better understand the dynamical and microphysical processes within Arctic clouds, which occurred in April 1998 over the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ship during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment Arctic Cloud Experiment (FIRE.ACE). The observations from the four cases in the present study were collected by instruments mounted onboard the National Research Council (NRC) Convair, as well as, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite, the SHEBA surface based NOAA Doppler radar (35 GHz, Ka-Band), and the NOAA depolarization lidar (0.523 mum) measurements. The aircraft observations were collected at 32 Hz (3-m scale). The Meteorological Services of Canada (MSC) lidar (1.064 mum) was operated onboard the Convair-580. The AVHRR observations, representing a 5-km horizontal resolution, were used to estimate particle size, phase, and optical thickness. Constant altitude flight legs were made at about 100 m over the ocean surface. Vertical air velocity (w), reflectivity and Doppler velocity, and backscatter and depolarization ratio values were used to define the size of the important dynamical structures. Ice crystal number concentration (N-i), ice water content (IWC), droplet number concentration (N-d), liquid water content (LWC) and characteristic particle size and shape were summarized for each case. The effective radius (r(eff)) values for liquid clouds obtained from in-situ and AVHRR observations were found comparable. The large variability in IWC can be due to undetected ice crystals at small size ranges. Mixed phased conditions in the AVHRR retrievals complicated the comparisons with in-situ data. N-i was found to be directly related to the history of the air-parcel dynamics e.g., w. The variability and differences in the parameters obtained from various platforms can be attributed to their instrumental capabilities, resolution, as well as the cloud development. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Div, Egbert, ON L0L 1NO, Canada. RP Gultepe, I (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys Res Div, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM ismail.gultepe@ec.gc.ca RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 235 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00703-003-0009-z PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800UX UT WOS:000220054300004 ER PT J AU Golmie, N AF Golmie, N TI Bluetooth dynamic scheduling and interference mitigation SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE WPANs; Bluetooth; interference; MAC scheduling AB Bluetooth is a cable replacement technology for Wireless Personal Area Networks. It is designed to support a wide variety of applications such as voice, streamed audio and video, web browsing, printing, and file sharing, each imposing a number of quality of service constraints including packet loss, latency, delay variation, and throughput. In addition to QOS support, another challenge for Bluetooth stems from having to share the 2.4 GHz ISM band with other wireless devices such as IEEE 802.11. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the use of a dynamic scheduling algorithm that guarantees QoS while reducing the impact of interference. We propose a mapping between some common QoS parameters such as latency and bit rate and the parameters used in the algorithm. We study the algorithm's performance and obtain simulation results for selected scenarios and configurations of interest. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1023/A:1027313621955 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 739GQ UT WOS:000186337100003 ER PT J AU McPherson, RA Stensrud, DJ Crawford, KC AF McPherson, RA Stensrud, DJ Crawford, KC TI The impact of Oklahoma's winter wheat belt on the mesoscale environment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SURFACE FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; CIRCULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Oklahoma Mesonet data were used to measure the impact of Oklahoma's winter wheat belt on the mesoscale environment from 1994 to 2001. Statistical analyses of monthly means of near-surface air temperatures demonstrated that 1) a well-defined cool anomaly existed across the wheat belt during November, December, January, February, and April, and 2) a well-defined warm anomaly existed across the wheat belt during June, July, and August. Data from crop year 2000 indicated a slight moist anomaly over the growing wheat from November 1999 through April 2000. In addition, based upon 21 000 daily statistics over eight unique years, statistical computations indicated less than a 0.1% chance that the moist anomaly during March resulted from random chance. During the period from 1999 to 2001, about 50 days between 15 March and 1 May showed evidence of heightened values of daily maximum dewpoint over Oklahoma's winter wheat belt as compared to adjacent grasslands. On more than half of these days, the dewpoint was enhanced only across five or six counties in north-central Oklahoma, where the winter wheat production was the largest. Another 90 days between 1 June and 31 July revealed a distinct warm anomaly in daily maximum air temperatures over the wheat belt, particularly across north-central Oklahoma. These analyses demonstrate that Oklahoma's winter wheat belt has a dramatic impact on the near-surface, mesoscale environment during its growth and after its harvest. Consequently, it is imperative that mesoscale forecasts, whether produced objectively or subjectively, account for the vegetation - air interactions that occur across western Oklahoma and, presumably, across other crop regions in the United States and around the globe. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP McPherson, RA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, 100 E Boyd St,Suite 1210, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM renee@ou.edu OI McPherson, Renee/0000-0002-1497-9681 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 405 EP 421 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0405:TIOOWW>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900001 ER PT J AU Sobel, AH Yuter, SE Bretherton, CS Kiladis, GN AF Sobel, AH Yuter, SE Bretherton, CS Kiladis, GN TI Large-scale meteorology and deep convection during TRMM KWAJEX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE; EASTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; WARM POOL; TROPICAL CONVECTION; SUMMER MONSOON; DISTURBANCES AB An overview of the large-scale behavior of the atmosphere during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) is presented. Sounding and ground radar data collected during KWAJEX, and several routinely available datasets including the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS), NOAA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), and ECMWF operational analyses are used. One focus is on the dynamical characterization of synoptic-scale systems in the western/central tropical Pacific during KWAJEX, particularly those that produced the largest rainfall at Kwajalein. Another is the local relationships observed on daily time scales among various thermodynamic variables and areal average rain rate. These relationships provide evidence regarding the degree and kind of local thermodynamic control of convection. Although convection in the Marshall Islands and surrounding regions often appears chaotic when viewed in satellite imagery, the largest rain events at Kwajalein during the experiment were clearly associated with large-scale envelopes of convection, which propagated coherently over several days and thousands of kilometers, had clear signals in the lower-level large-scale wind field, and are classifiable in terms of known wave modes. Spectral filtering identifies mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) and Kelvin waves prominently in the OLR data. "Tropical depression - type'' disturbances are also evident. In some cases multiple wave types may be associated with a single event. Three brief case studies involving different wave types are presented. Daily-mean sounding data averaged over the five sounding sites show evidence of shallow convective adjustment, in that near-surface moist static energy variations correlate closely with lower-tropospheric temperature. Evidence of thermodynamic control of deep convection on daily time scales is weaker. Upper-tropospheric temperature is weakly correlated with near-surface moist static energy. There are correlations of relative humidity ( RH) with deep convection. Significant area-averaged rainfall occurs only above a lower-tropospheric RH threshold of near 80%. Above this threshold there is a weak but significant correlation of further lower-tropospheric RH increases with enhanced rain rate. Upper-tropospheric RH increases more consistently with rain rate. Lag correlations suggest that higher lower-tropospheric RH favors subsequent convection while higher upper-tropospheric RH is a result of previous or current convection. Convective available potential energy and surface wind speed have weak negative and positive relationships to rain rate, respectively. A strong relationship between surface wind speed ( a proxy for latent heat flux) and rain rate has been recently observed in the eastern Pacific. It is suggested that in the KWAJEX region, this relationship is weaker because there are strong zonal gradients of vertically integrated water vapor. The strongest surface winds tend to be easterlies, so that strong surface fluxes are accompanied by strong dry-air advection from the east of Kwajalein. These two effects are of opposite sign in the moist static energy budget, reducing the tendency for strong surface fluxes to promote rainfall. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Sobel, AH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 500 W 120th St,Rm 217, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ahs129@columbia.edu RI Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 NR 50 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 422 EP 444 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0422:LMADCD>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900002 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Grell, GA Brown, JM Smirnova, TG Bleck, R AF Benjamin, SG Grell, GA Brown, JM Smirnova, TG Bleck, R TI Mesoscale weather prediction with the RUC hybrid isentropic-terrain-following coordinate model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INERT TRACE CONSTITUENT; THETA-SIGMA MODEL; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL UNCERTAINTIES; ENTROPY CONSERVATION; JOINT DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PART I; TRANSPORT AB A mesoscale atmospheric forecast model configured in a hybrid isentropic - sigma vertical coordinate and used in the NOAA Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for operational numerical guidance is presented. The RUC model is the only quasi-isentropic forecast model running operationally in the world and is distinguished from other hybrid isentropic models by its application at fairly high horizontal resolution (10 - 20 km) and a generalized vertical coordinate formulation that allows model levels to remain continuous and yet be purely isentropic well into the middle and even lower troposphere. The RUC model is fully described in its 2003 operational version, including numerics and physical parameterizations. The use of these parameterizations, including mixed-phase cloud microphysics and an ensemble-closure-based cumulus parameterization, is fully consistent with the RUC vertical coordinate without any loss of generality. A series of experiments confirm that the RUC hybrid theta-sigma coordinate reduces cross-coordinate transport over a quasi-horizontal sigma coordinate. This reduction in cross-coordinate vertical transport results in less numerical vertical diffusion and thereby improves numerical accuracy for moist reversible processes. Finally, a forecast is presented of a strong cyclogenesis case over the eastern United States in which the RUC model produced an accurate 36-h prediction, especially in a 10-km nested version. Horizontal and vertical plots from these forecasts give evidence of detailed yet coherent structures of potential vorticity, moisture, and vertical motion. C1 NOAA, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP NOAA, FSL, 325 Broadway,R-E-FS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; NR 63 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 473 EP 494 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0473:MWPWTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900005 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Devenyi, D Weygandt, SS Brundage, KJ Brown, JM Grell, GA Kim, D Schwartz, BE Smirnova, TG Smith, TL Manikin, GS AF Benjamin, SG Devenyi, D Weygandt, SS Brundage, KJ Brown, JM Grell, GA Kim, D Schwartz, BE Smirnova, TG Smith, TL Manikin, GS TI An hourly assimilation-forecast cycle: The RUC SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; HYBRID ISENTROPIC-SIGMA; DYNAMIC INITIALIZATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SCALE ANALYSIS; HIRLAM MODEL; AIRCRAFT; SCHEME AB The Rapid Update Cycle ( RUC), an operational regional analysis - forecast system among the suite of models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), is distinctive in two primary aspects: its hourly assimilation cycle and its use of a hybrid isentropic - sigma vertical coordinate. The use of a quasi-isentropic coordinate for the analysis increment allows the influence of observations to be adaptively shaped by the potential temperature structure around the observation, while the hourly update cycle allows for a very current analysis and short-range forecast. Herein, the RUC analysis framework in the hybrid coordinate is described, and some considerations for high-frequency cycling are discussed. A 20-km 50-level hourly version of the RUC was implemented into operations at NCEP in April 2002. This followed an initial implementation with 60-km horizontal grid spacing and a 3-h cycle in 1994 and a major upgrade including 40-km horizontal grid spacing in 1998. Verification of forecasts from the latest 20-km version is presented using rawinsonde and surface observations. These verification statistics show that the hourly RUC assimilation cycle improves short-range forecasts ( compared to longer-range forecasts valid at the same time) even down to the 1-h projection. C1 NOAA, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP NOAA, FSL, 325 Broadway,R-E-FS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Smith, Tracy/C-7619-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Smith, Tracy/0000-0002-7189-4027; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; NR 53 TC 302 Z9 325 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 495 EP 518 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0495:AHACTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900006 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Key, JR Cassano, JJ AF Pavolonis, MJ Key, JR Cassano, JJ TI A study of the Antarctic surface energy budget using a Polar regional atmospheric model forced with satellite-derived cloud properties SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; SEA-ICE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MM5 SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; BALANCE; RESOLUTION; VALIDATION; GREENLAND; REGCM2 AB Cloud properties from the newly extended Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP-x) dataset were incorporated into the atmospheric component of the Arctic Regional Climate System Model (ARCSyM) in order to improve the simulation of the Antarctic surface energy balance. A method for using the APP-x cloud properties in 48-h model simulations is presented. In the experiments, the model cloud fields were altered via the water vapor mixing ratio using cloud properties from the APP-x dataset. Significant improvements in monthly mean downwelling longwave radiation at the surface were observed relative to surface measurements. In the austral summer, the use of the APP-x dataset resulted in improvements as large as 30 W m(-2) at the South Pole when compared to model results without APP-x clouds. However, only a very small improvement was seen in the turbulent heat fluxes and the surface temperature. It was also found that the satellite data can be used to shorten the model "spinup'' time and may be useful in model initialization for short duration forecasts. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mpav@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0654:ASOTAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900015 ER PT J AU Amis, EJ AF Amis, EJ TI Combinatorial materials science - Reaching beyond discovery SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item AB Whatever you are trying to make, the choice of materials is often bewildering. Novel combinatorial approaches allow you to reduce the time and costs necessary to optimize results, while stimulating the quest for deeper fundamental knowledge. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amis, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.amis@nist.gov NR 8 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1038/nmat1064 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 769UM UT WOS:000188668200011 PM 14755261 ER PT J AU Milliken, HO DeAlteris, JT AF Milliken, HO DeAlteris, JT TI Evaluation of a large-mesh panel to reduce the flatfish bycatch in the small-mesh bottom trawls used in the new England silver hake fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; GEAR AB Fishermen must use small-mesh bottom trawls to capture certain species of fish that cannot be retained by standard groundfish mesh sizes. These fisheries are subject to bycatch limits when such trawls are used in areas where regulated species reside. Bycatch of regulated flatfish in the small-mesh bottom trawl fishery for silver hake Merluccius bilinearis in the northwestern Atlantic is a concern of management because silver hakes are captured in areas where juvenile regulated flatfish are common. An evaluation of flatfish and silver hake behaviors using low-light underwater cameras suggested that the two species could be separated within the mouth of a bottom trawl. Using the alternate tow method, four different large-mesh panels positioned in the lower belly of the trawl were separately evaluated. One of them proved to be effective in reducing flatfish bycatch while not reducing the catch of silver bakes; a large-mesh panel constructed of 40.6-cm (16-in) stretched mesh that was diamond shaped using orange-colored nylon twine 1.6 mm (0.06 in) in diameter in the lower belly resulted in a 73% reduction in flatfish catch with no effect on the catch of silver bakes. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Milliken, HO (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM henry.milliken@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1577/M02-063 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 802NE UT WOS:000220169400003 ER PT J AU Stein, AB Friedland, KD Sutherland, M AF Stein, AB Friedland, KD Sutherland, M TI Atlantic sturgeon marine bycatch and mortality on the continental shelf of the northeast United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; FISHING MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; MOVEMENTS; MASSACHUSETTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Protected sturgeon Acipenser spp. are caught in a number of different commercial fishing gears along the east coast of the USA. During their life cycle, Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus migrate into marine waters, where they are caught by otter trawls, sink gill nets, and drift gill nets targeting other species. We investigated fishing records collected by onboard observers to calculate Atlantic sturgeon bycatch and mortality rates for each fishing gear. Bycatch rates were based on fishing trips monitored between 1989 and 2000 and were indexed by landed species and state. Rates were then raised to fisherywide estimates of bycatch based on total landings for the relevant gears at each location. Where data were available, we estimated Sturgeon mortality for each gear. The results showed that Atlantic sturgeon bycatch was highest for sink gill nets in specific areas of the coast. The observed immediate mortality rates of Atlantic sturgeon captured in sink gill nets and drift gill nets were 22% and 10%, respectively, suggesting that annual mortality in these fisheries may be on the order of 1,500 fish per year. The resulting mortality estimates are a source of concern for the continued recovery of Atlantic sturgeon resources. C1 Univ Massachusetts, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resouces Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Blaisdell House, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM friedlandk@forwild.umass.edu NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1577/M02-123 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 802NE UT WOS:000220169400019 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Brines, SJ Schwab, DJ McCormick, MJ AF Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Brines, SJ Schwab, DJ McCormick, MJ TI Relationship between surface water temperature and steelhead distributions in Lake Michigan SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; NORTH-PACIFIC-OCEAN; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; GREAT-LAKES; ONTARIO; MOVEMENTS; FOOD; ACCLIMATION; RESOURCE AB .Salmonines support valuable recreational fisheries and are the predominant predators in the open waters of the Great Lakes, yet the spatial distributions of salmonines in these systems have not been fully documented. We analyzed the horizontal distributions of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in Lake Michigan from 1992 to 1997 and related these distributions to mean surface temperature and temperature variation. We used angler catch rate data from Lake Michigan natural resources agencies to index the spatial and temporal distributions of steelhead and obtained surface water temperature data from advanced very-high-resolution radiometer satellite imagery through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's CoastWatch Program. During most months, steelhead catch rates were negatively related to surface temperature and were highest in areas of high temperature variation (i.e., vertical thermal fronts and upwelling zones) where thermal conditions and prey densities may have been optimal for growth. Our results demonstrate how remotely sensed and creel survey data can be integrated to allow for more effective exploitation and management of lakewide fish stocks while enabling researchers to generate and test hypotheses regarding the spatial distributions of fish populations. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM thook@umich.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1577/M02-159 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 802NE UT WOS:000220169400022 ER PT J AU FitzGerald, JL Sheehan, TF Kocik, JF AF FitzGerald, JL Sheehan, TF Kocik, JF TI Visibility of visual implant elastomer tags in Atlantic salmon reared for two years in marine net-pens SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT; RETENTION; GROWTH; JUVENILE AB We evaluated detectability of visual implant elastomer (VIE) tags in individual Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reared from smolts to adults in commercial marine net-pens. A total of 9,000 individual smolts were marked (adipose eye, lower jaw, or both) with colored VIE tags. During the period from March 1998 to December 2000 (2-28 months after tagging) a total of 3,220 fish were visually inspected for VIE tags. Tag detection rates remained high (>90%) for the first 17 months after tagging but then declined sharply, particularly for VIEs in the jaw. Use of a UV light significantly increased detection of both eye and jaw VIE tags. We conclude that VIE tags are optimal for use in Atlantic salmon when recovery of fish occurs within 17 months of tagging. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP FitzGerald, JL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 35, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jfitzgerald@whoi.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1577/M02-138 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 802NE UT WOS:000220169400023 ER PT J AU Schleier-Smith, MH van Buuren, LD Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Gilliam, DM Mattoni, CEH McKinsey, DN Yang, L Huffman, PR AF Schleier-Smith, MH van Buuren, LD Doyle, JM Dzhosyuk, SN Gilliam, DM Mattoni, CEH McKinsey, DN Yang, L Huffman, PR TI The production of nitrogen-13 by neutron capture in boron compounds SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE boron; boron carbide; boron oxide; boron nitride; neutron ID BOMBARDMENT AB The B-10(alpha, n)N-13 reaction is studied as an activation process in a variety of solid boron-containing neutron shielding materials. The source of alpha-particles is the neutron capture reaction B-10(n, alpha)Li-7. Samples of boron carbide, boron oxide, and boron nitride are irradiated with thermal neutrons and the rate of N-13 production is determined. N-13 promptly decays, emitting a positron. This positron efficiently annihilates with electrons in the material and the resultant 511 keV gamma ray is detected. For each of the above-mentioned materials, the rate of N-13 production is (1-2) x 10(-10) per captured neutron. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yang10@fas.harvard.edu; paul.huffman@nist.gov OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2004 VL 215 IS 3-4 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.09.022 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 771PP UT WOS:000188795500029 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Barker, PE AF Xiao, Y Barker, PE TI Semiconductor nanocrystal probes for human metaphase chromosomes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; IN-VIVO; DNA AB To improve signal stability and quantitation, an optically stable, novel class of fluorophore for hybridization analysis of human metaphase chromosomes is demonstrated. Detection of hybridization sites in situ was based on fluorescence from streptavidin-linked inorganic crystals of cadmium selenide [(CdSe)ZnS]. Fluorescence of nanocrystal fluorophores was significantly brighter and more photostable than organic fluorophores Texas Red and fluorescein. Thus, semiconductor nanocrystal fluorophores offer a more stable and quantitative mode of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for research and clinical applications. C1 NIST, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, DNA Technol Grp,Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barker, PE (reprint author), NIST, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, DNA Technol Grp,Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 831, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.barker@nist.gov NR 20 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 AR e28 DI 10.1093/nar/gnh024 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 807GQ UT WOS:000220490400045 PM 14960711 ER PT J AU Garstang, RH AF Garstang, RH TI Mount Wilson Observatory: The sad story of light pollution SO OBSERVATORY LA English DT Article ID NIGHT-SKY BRIGHTNESS; PALOMAR AB The brightness of the night sky at the Mount Wilson Observatory has been calculated for the years from 1900 to 2000. Data on street lighting in Los Angeles City and estimates for light from residences, shops, and businesses have been used to calculate the per capita light-emission rates. These have been used in model brightness calculations with the populations of many cities in the Los Angeles Basin. The results show the relentless increase in night-sky brightness that is continuing at this time. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garstang, RH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU OBSERVATORY PI OXFORD PA RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CHILTON DIDCOT,, OXFORD OX11 OQX, ENGLAND SN 0029-7704 J9 OBSERVATORY JI Observatory PD FEB PY 2004 VL 124 IS 1178 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777LB UT WOS:000189178900002 ER PT J AU Washburn, BR Diddams, SA Newbury, NR Nicholson, JW Yan, MF Jorgensen, CG AF Washburn, BR Diddams, SA Newbury, NR Nicholson, JW Yan, MF Jorgensen, CG TI Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; ALL-FIBER AB A phase-locked frequency comb in the near infrared is demonstrated with a mode-locked, erbium-doped, fiber laser whose output is amplified and spectrally broadened in dispersion-flattened, highly nonlinear optical fiber to span from 1100 to >2200 nm. The supercontinuum output comprises a frequency comb with a spacing set by the laser repetition rate and an offset by the carrier-envelope offset frequency, which is detected with the standard f-to-2f heterodyne technique. The comb spacing and offset frequency are phase locked to a stable rf signal with a fiber stretcher in the laser cavity and by control of the pump laser power, respectively. This infrared comb permits frequency metrology experiments in the near infrared in a compact, fiber-laser-based system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. OFSA Fitel Denmark IS, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark. RP Washburn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brianw@boulder.nist.gov RI Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 17 TC 242 Z9 247 U1 4 U2 51 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000250 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765RZ UT WOS:000188298400008 PM 14759041 ER PT J AU Donaldson, DJ Tervahattu, H Tuck, AF Vaida, V AF Donaldson, DJ Tervahattu, H Tuck, AF Vaida, V TI Organic aerosols and the origin of life: An hypothesis SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE marine aerosols; fission; bacteria; virus ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; MEMBRANES; FISSION; FOSSILS; MODEL; SALTS; GASES AB Recent experimental work has verified the prediction that marine aerosols could have an exterior film of amphiphiles; palmitic, stearic and oleic acids were predominant. Thermodynamic analysis has revealed that such aerosols are energetically capable of asymmetric division. In a prebiotic terrestrial environment, one of the products of such aerosol fission would have been bacterially sized ( microns), the other would have been virally sized ( tens of nanometers). Plausible avenues for chemical differentiation between the two particles are discussed, and the probabilities for the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry updated in light of recent palaeo fossil studies. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Meteorol Chem Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Helsinki, Dept Limnol & Environm Protect, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tuck, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Meteorol Chem Program, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Donaldson, James/G-7120-2012 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; Donaldson, James/0000-0002-5090-3318 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1023/B:ORIG.0000009828.40846.b3 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 756ZX UT WOS:000187516600006 PM 14979644 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Thompson, JS Calabrese, D Covington, AM Cisneros, C Davis, VT Gulley, MS Halka, M Hanstorp, D Sandstrom, J McLaughlin, BM Pegg, DJ AF Aguilar, A Thompson, JS Calabrese, D Covington, AM Cisneros, C Davis, VT Gulley, MS Halka, M Hanstorp, D Sandstrom, J McLaughlin, BM Pegg, DJ TI Double photodetachment from the Cl- ion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INNER-SHELL PHOTODETACHMENT; 2-ELECTRON PHOTOIONIZATION; AUTOIONIZATION RESONANCES; ATOMIC CHLORINE; CROSS-SECTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; DETACHMENT; THRESHOLD; HE; LI AB The correlated process involving the photodetachment of two electrons from the Cl- ion has been investigated over the photon energy range 20-45 eV. In the experiment, a beam of photons from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was collinearly merged with a counterpropagating beam of Cl- ions from a sputter ion source. The Cl+ ions produced in the interaction region were detected, and the normalized signal was used to monitor the relative cross section for the reaction. An absolute scale for the cross section was established by measuring the spatial overlap of the two beams and by determining the efficiency for collection and detection of the Cl+ ions. The overall magnitude and shape of the measured cross section for this process agrees well with an R-matrix calculation. The calculation identifies the dominant mechanism leading to the production of the Cl+ ion as being a direct nonresonant process involving the ejection of a pair of electrons from the valence shell. Less important is the indirect nonresonant process that involves the production and decay of core-excited and doubly excited states of the Cl atom in an intermediate step. Direct and indirect resonant mechanisms involving the excitation of a single 3s core electron or more than one valence electron of the Cl- ion were found to be insignificant in the energy range studied. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sierra Coll, Dept Phys, Rocklin, CA 95677 USA. Lake Tahoe Community Coll, S Lake Tahoe, CA 95150 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20809 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022711 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300070 ER PT J AU Chang, DE Ye, J Lukin, MD AF Chang, DE Ye, J Lukin, MD TI Controlling dipole-dipole frequency shifts in a lattice-based optical atomic clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER AB Motivated by the ideas of using cold alkaline-earth atoms trapped in an optical lattice for realization of optical atomic clocks, we investigate theoretically the perturbative effects of atom-atom interactions on a clock transition frequency. These interactions are mediated by the dipole fields associated with the optically excited atoms. We predict resonancelike features in the frequency shifts when constructive interference among atomic dipoles occur. We theoretically demonstrate that by fine tuning the coherent dipole-dipole couplings in appropriately designed lattice geometries, the undesirable frequency shifts can be greatly suppressed. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dechang@fas.harvard.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 023810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.023810 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300121 ER PT J AU Jacob, RE Teter, J Saam, B Chen, WC Gentile, TR AF Jacob, RE Teter, J Saam, B Chen, WC Gentile, TR TI Low-field orientation dependence of He-3 relaxation in spin-exchange cells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED HE-3; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NOBLE-GASES; PRESSURES; FILMS; HE3 AB We have observed a significant dependence of He-3 longitudinal relaxation times in glass spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) cells due only to the physical orientation of the cell in a 3 mT (30 G) applied magnetic field. The cells had no previous exposure to higher fields or were thoroughly degaussed prior to being measured. The presence of rubidium metal and heating of the cells associated with the SEOP process is necessary to produce this low-field orientation dependence. Our data suggest that the magnetic relaxation sites at the glass wall involved here may be the dominant cause of wall relaxation in SEOP cells at any field. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacob, RE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 021401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.021401 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300004 ER PT J AU Kalhori, S Thomas, R Al-Khalili, A Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Neau, A Larsson, M Larson, A Huneycutt, AJ McCall, BJ Djuric, N Dunn, GH Semaniak, J Novotny, O Paal, A Osterdahl, F Orel, AE AF Kalhori, S Thomas, R Al-Khalili, A Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Neau, A Larsson, M Larson, A Huneycutt, AJ McCall, BJ Djuric, N Dunn, GH Semaniak, J Novotny, O Paal, A Osterdahl, F Orel, AE TI Resonant ion-pair formation in electron collisions with rovibrationally cold H-3(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; STATES; ACCURATE; CLOUDS; DENSE; H-3+; H3+ AB Experimental and theoretical cross sections for the resonant ion-pair formation (RIP) in electron collisions with rovibrationally cold H-3(+) ions are presented. Absolute cross sections for the RIP process producing H- ions are measured for center-of-mass energies between 2-20 eV using the CRYRING, heavy-ion storage ring. Theoretical cross sections are obtained using wave-packet propagation on both one- and two-dimensional models of relevant diabatic-potential energy surfaces and couplings of H-3(+) and H-3. C1 Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ml@physto.se RI McCall, Benjamin/A-3136-2008; Novotny, Oldrich/K-6691-2013 OI Novotny, Oldrich/0000-0003-2520-343X NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022713 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300072 ER PT J AU Kemmann, M Mistrik, I Nussmann, S Helm, H Williams, CJ Julienne, PS AF Kemmann, M Mistrik, I Nussmann, S Helm, H Williams, CJ Julienne, PS TI Near-threshold photoassociation of Rb-87(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; CESIUM MOLECULES; COLD COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; ENERGY AB Photoassociation of cold Rb-87(5s,f(b)=2) atom pairs is studied within 13 GHz of the dissociation limits Rb-87(5p(3/2),f(a))+Rb-87(5s,f(b)=2). Vibrational levels in the long range, hyperfine manifolds of the 0(g)(-) and 1(g) states arising from the Rb-87(5p(3/2)) fine structure limit are identified to lead to the formation of stable molecules in the photoassociation process. The vibrational bands are observed to break off, at positions matching the energetic location of potential-energy barriers predicted in the hyperfine manifolds at about 1 GHz above the Rb-87(5p(3/2),f(a)=3)+Rb-87(5s,f(b)=1) dissociation limit. Empiricial potential-energy curves are derived from the data. These are found to be in agreement with predictions based on the long-range hyperfine recoupling of the excited molecular states. The selectivity of the excitation process and predissociation mechanisms are discussed. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Mol & Opt Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP FOM, Inst AMOLF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Helm, Hanspeter/G-4723-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Helm, Hanspeter/0000-0002-6761-5910; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022715 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300074 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Williams, CJ Clark, CW AF Safronova, MS Williams, CJ Clark, CW TI Relativistic many-body calculations of electric-dipole matrix elements, lifetimes, and polarizabilities in rubidium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; ALL-ORDER CALCULATIONS; STATES; CONSTANTS; ENERGIES; IONS AB Electric-dipole matrix elements for ns-n(')p, nd-n(')p, and 6d-4f transitions in Rb are calculated using a relativistic all-order method. A third-order calculation is also carried out for these matrix elements to evaluate the importance of the high-order many-body perturbation theory contributions. The all-order matrix elements are used to evaluate lifetimes of ns and np levels with n=6,7,8 and nd levels with n=4,5,6 for comparison with experiment and to provide benchmark values for these lifetimes. The dynamic polarizabilities are calculated for ns states of rubidium. The resulting lifetime and polarizability values are compared with available theory and experiment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 21 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022509 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300059 ER PT J AU Sieradzan, A Havey, MD Safronova, MS AF Sieradzan, A Havey, MD Safronova, MS TI Combined experimental and theoretical study of the 6p P-2(j)-> 8s S-2(1/2) relative transition matrix elements in atomic Cs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PRECISION LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; GAS-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ALL-ORDER CALCULATIONS; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; RADIATIVE LIFETIME; PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY; CESIUM; LITHIUM; STATE; POLARIZABILITY AB A combined experimental and theoretical study of transition matrix elements of the 6p P-2(j)-->8s S-2(1/2) transition in atomic Cs is reported. Measurements of the polarization-dependent two-photon excitation spectrum associated with the transition were made in an approximate to200 cm(-1) range on the low-frequency side of the 6s S-2(1/2)-->6p P-2(3/2) resonance. The measurements depend parametrically on the relative transition matrix elements, but also are sensitive to far-off-resonance 6s S-2(1/2)-->np P-2(j)-->8s S-2(1/2) transitions. In addition, as the measured quantities are ratios of polarization-dependent intensities at a single-excitation frequency, they are quite insensitive to a variety of common-mode systematic effects; matrix-element ratios may then be determined to high accuracy. In the past, the matrix-element dependence has yielded a generalized sum rule, the value of which is dependent on sums of relative two-photon transition matrix elements. In the present case, best available determinations from other experiments are combined with theoretical matrix elements to extract the ratio of transition matrix elements for the 6p P-2(j)-->8s S-2(1/2) (j=1/2,3/2) transition. The resulting experimental value of 1.423(2) is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value, calculated using a relativistic all-order method, of 1.425(2). C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sieradzan, A (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RI Havey, Mark/B-1334-2009 OI Havey, Mark/0000-0002-4034-2553 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022502 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300052 ER PT J AU Taichenachev, AV Tumaikin, AM Yudin, VI Stahler, M Wynands, R Kitching, J Hollberg, L AF Taichenachev, AV Tumaikin, AM Yudin, VI Stahler, M Wynands, R Kitching, J Hollberg, L TI Nonlinear-resonance line shapes: Dependence on the transverse intensity distribution of a light beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS AB We analyze the line shape and width of atomic coherent-population-trapping (CPT) resonances excited by laser beams with different transverse intensity profiles. A dramatic difference in the resonance line shape is found when comparing a beam with a "steplike" profile to a beam with a Gaussian profile. In particular, for nonuniform profiles, a non-Lorentzian functional form is given that is more appropriate for describing the nonlinear resonance line shape than is a conventional Lorentzian. Our analysis is supported by measurements of CPT line shapes in a thermal vapor of Rb-85. C1 Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NIST Boulder, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. SD RAS, Inst Laser Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Taichenachev, AV (reprint author), Novosibirsk State Univ, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM llf@admin.nsu.ru RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.024501 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300128 ER PT J AU Goodrich, RG Young, DP Hall, D Balicas, L Fisk, Z Harrison, N Betts, J Migliori, A Woodward, FM Lynn, JW AF Goodrich, RG Young, DP Hall, D Balicas, L Fisk, Z Harrison, N Betts, J Migliori, A Woodward, FM Lynn, JW TI Extension of the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram of CeB6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLAR; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; NMR AB We have measured the magnetic field dependence of the paramagnetic to the field-induced high-temperature antiferroquadrupolar magnetically ordered phase transition in CeB6 from 0 to 60 T using a variety of techniques. It is found that the field-dependent phase separation line becomes reentrant above 35 T and below 10 K. Measurements of resonant ultrasound, specific heat, and neutron diffraction on samples from the same growth batch show all of the known phase transitions plus a new phase appearing at T=1.6 K in zero magnetic field. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054415 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700049 ER PT J AU Jach, T Kim, S Gopalan, V Durbin, S Bright, D AF Jach, T Kim, S Gopalan, V Durbin, S Bright, D TI Long-range strains and the effects of applied field at 180 degrees ferroelectric domain walls in lithium niobate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LINBO3 CRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; LITAO3; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; PEROVSKITES; TOPOGRAPHY; TANTALATE; MODEL AB Ferroelectric domains with antiparallel polarization are readily induced in congruent LiNbO3 with electric fields above 240 kV/cm at room temperature. Even in the absence of external fields, these 180degrees walls exhibit wide regions of shear strain, on the order of 10(-5), within a 10-mum range of the domain walls. Using x-ray topography on samples while applying electric fields of 0-90 kV/cm, we have observed large-scale reversible domain changes. A detailed strain analysis of the piezoelectric behavior at the domain walls, as well as within the domains, indicates that substantial surface displacement is associated with the high contrast of ferroelectric domains in x-ray topographs. These observations show that long-range strain interactions due to applied fields are present around domain walls long before permanent changes are induced. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064113 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100019 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Lim, WL Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Lim, WL Furdyna, JK TI Annealing-dependent magnetic depth profile in Ga1-xMnxAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE; (GA,MN)AS; MN)AS; GAAS; (GA AB We have studied the depth-dependent magnetic and structural properties of as-grown and optimally annealed Ga1-xMnxAs films using polarized neutron reflectometry. In addition to increasing the total magnetization, the annealing process was observed to produce a significantly more homogeneous distribution of the magnetization. This difference in the films is attributed to the redistribution of Mn at interstitial sites during the annealing process. Also, we have seen evidence of significant magnetization depletion at the surface of both as-grown and annealed films. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02688 Warsaw, Poland. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 081307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.081307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100009 ER PT J AU Stiles, MD Xiao, J Zangwill, A AF Stiles, MD Xiao, J Zangwill, A TI Phenomenological theory of current-induced magnetization precession SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZED CURRENT; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; MULTILAYERS; DRIVEN; EXCITATION; NANOWIRES; REVERSAL; METALS AB We solve appropriate drift-diffusion and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations to demonstrate that unpolarized current flow from a nonmagnet into a ferromagnet can produce a precession-type instability of the magnetization. The fundamental origin of the instability is the difference in conductivity between majority spins and minority spins in the ferromagnet. This leads to spin accumulation and spin currents that carry angular momentum across the interface. The component of this angular momentum perpendicular to the magnetization drives precessional motion that is opposed by Gilbert damping. Neglecting magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatics, our approximate analytic and exact numerical solutions using realistic values for the material parameters show (for both semi-infinite and thin-film geometries) that a linear instability occurs when both the current density and the excitation wave vector parallel to the interface are neither too small nor too large. For many aspects of the problem, the variation of the magnetization in the direction of the current flows makes an important contribution. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Xiao, Jiang/B-1832-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Xiao, Jiang/0000-0002-3245-3579; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 40 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054408 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700042 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Shirane, G Copley, JRD Gehring, PM AF Xu, GY Shirane, G Copley, JRD Gehring, PM TI Neutron elastic diffuse scattering study of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RELAXOR; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; BEHAVIOR AB We have performed elastic diffuse neutron-scattering studies on the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3. The measured intensity distribution near a (100) Bragg peak in the (hk0) scattering plane assumes the shape of a butterfly with extended intensity in the (110) and (1 (1) over bar0) directions. The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering shows that both the size of the polar nanoregions and the integrated diffuse intensity increase with cooling even for temperatures below the Curie temperature T(C)similar to213 K. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 22 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064112 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100018 ER PT J AU Guyer, JE Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA McFadden, GB AF Guyer, JE Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA McFadden, GB TI Phase field modeling of electrochemistry. I. Equilibrium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER; SOLIDIFICATION; SILVER AB A diffuse interface (phase field) model for an electrochemical system is developed. We describe the minimal set of components needed to model an electrochemical interface and present a variational derivation of the governing equations. With a simple set of assumptions: mass and volume constraints, Poisson's equation, ideal solution thermodynamics in the bulk, and a simple description of the competing energies in the interface, the model captures the charge separation associated with the equilibrium double layer at the electrochemical interface. The decay of the electrostatic potential in the electrolyte agrees with the classical Gouy-Chapman and Debye-Huckel theories. We calculate the surface free energy, surface charge, and differential capacitance as functions of potential and find qualitative agreement between the model and existing theories and experiments. In particular, the differential capacitance curves exhibit complex shapes with multiple extrema, as exhibited in many electrochemical systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guyer, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guyer@nist.gov; william.boettinger@nist.gov; jwarren@nist.gov; mefadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 NR 27 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 021603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021603 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 803UG UT WOS:000220255400035 PM 14995454 ER PT J AU Guyer, JE Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA McFadden, GB AF Guyer, JE Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA McFadden, GB TI Phase field modeling of electrochemistry. II. Kinetics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The kinetic behavior of a phase field model of electrochemistry is explored for advancing (electrodeposition) and receding (electrodissolution) conditions in one dimension. We previously described the equilibrium behavior of this model [J. E. Guyer, W. J. Boettinger, J. A. Warren, and G. B. McFadden, Phys. Rev. E 69, 021603 (2004)]. We examine the relationship between the parameters of the phase field method and the more typical parameters of electrochemistry. We demonstrate ohmic conduction in the electrode and ionic conduction in the electrolyte. We find that, despite making simple, linear dynamic postulates, we obtain the nonlinear relationship between current and overpotential predicted by the classical "Butler-Volmer" equation and observed in electrochemical experiments. The charge distribution in the interfacial double layer changes with the passage of current and, at sufficiently high currents, we find that the diffusion limited deposition of a more noble cation leads to alloy deposition with less noble species. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guyer, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guyer@nist.gov; william.boettinger@nist.gov; jwarren@nist.gov; mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 NR 14 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 021604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021604 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 803UG UT WOS:000220255400036 PM 14995455 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, T Harris, RH Zhang, X Briber, RM Cipriano, BH Raghavan, SR Awad, WH Shields, JR AF Kashiwagi, T Harris, RH Zhang, X Briber, RM Cipriano, BH Raghavan, SR Awad, WH Shields, JR TI Flame retardant mechanism of polyamide 6-clay nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE flammability; polyamide 6-clay nanocomposite; flame retardant ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-STABILITY; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; EVA-NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMER; BEHAVIOR; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES AB The thermal and flammability properties of polyamide 6/clay (2 and 5% by mass fraction) nanocomposites were measured to determine their flame retardant (FR) performance. The gasification process of the narrocomposite samples at an external radiant flux of 50 kW/m(2) in a nitrogen atmosphere was observed, and the residues collected at various sample mass losses were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to determine the content of the residue and to understand the FR mechanism of the nanocomposites. The analysis of the floccules of blackened residues shows that up to 80% by mass of the residues consists of clay particles and the remainder is thermally stable organic components with possible graphitic structure. Furthermore, clay particles are stacked in the carbonaceous floccule residues and the d-spacing of the clay platelets is in the range of 1.3-1.4 nm as compared to the well exfoliated original sample. The accumulation of the initially well-dispersed clay particles in the sample on the burning/gasifying sample surface are due to two possible mechanisms. One is recession of the polymer resin from the surface by pyrolysis with the de-wetted clay particles left behind. Another mechanism is the transportation of clay particles pushed by numerous rising bubbles of degradation products and the associated convection flow in the melt from the interior of the sample toward the sample surface. Numerous rising bubbles may have another effect on the transport of clay particles. Bursting of the bubbles at the sample surface pushes the accumulated clay particles outward from the bursting area and forms the island-like floccules instead of forming a continuous net-like structure of a clay filled protective layer. Therefore, both PA6/clay nanocomposite samples did not produce sufficient amounts of protective floccules to cover the entire sample surface and vigorous bubbling was observed over the sample surface which was not covered by the protective floccules. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov RI Zhang, Xin/E-4993-2011; Zhang, Xin/G-7362-2011; Cipriano, Bani/G-9239-2011; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 30 TC 285 Z9 302 U1 9 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 3 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.11.036 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 765TY UT WOS:000188300900019 ER PT J AU Khil, PP Obmolova, G Teplyakov, A Howard, AJ Gilliland, GL Camerini-Otero, RD AF Khil, PP Obmolova, G Teplyakov, A Howard, AJ Gilliland, GL Camerini-Otero, RD TI Crystal structure of the Escherichia coli YjiA protein suggests a GTP-dependent regulatory function SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID P-LOOP; GENES; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCE; BINDING C1 NIDDK, Genet & Biochem Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Khil, PP (reprint author), NIDDK, Genet & Biochem Branch, NIH, 5 Mem Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pk94j@nih.gov RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014; OI Khil, Pavel/0000-0002-4903-8777; Teplyakov, Alexey/0000-0003-0296-0016 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01-GM57890] NR 15 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1002/prot.10430 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 763AC UT WOS:000188044600020 PM 14696199 ER PT J AU Yukihara, EG Gaza, R McKeever, SWS Soares, CG AF Yukihara, EG Gaza, R McKeever, SWS Soares, CG TI Optically stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence efficiencies for high-energy heavy charged particle irradiation in Al2O3 : C SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE optically stimulated luminescence; thermoluminescence; aluminum oxide; heavy charged particle; space dosimetry ID THERMO-LUMINESCENCE; RADIATION-DOSIMETRY; DOSE-EQUIVALENT; TRACK STRUCTURE; ALPHA-AL2O3-C; DETECTORS; SPACE; ION; TIME; MODEL AB The thermally and optically stimulated luminescence (TL and OSL) response to high energy heavy-charged particles (HCPs) was investigated for two types of Al2O3:C luminescence dosimeters. The OSL signal was measured in both continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed mode. The efficiencies of the HCPs at producing TL or OSL, relative to gamma radiation, were obtained using four different HCPs beams (150 MeV/u He-4, 400 MeV/u C-12, 490 MeV/u Si-28, and 500 MeV/u Fe-56). The efficiencies were determined as a function of the HCP linear energy transfer (LET). It was observed that the efficiency depends on the type of detector, measurement technique, and the choice of signal. Additionally, it is shown that the shape of the CW-OSL decay curve from Al2O3:C depends on the type of radiation, and, in principle, this can be used to extract information concerning the LET of an unknown radiation field. The response of the dosimeters to low-LET radiation was also investigated for doses in the range from about 1-1000 Gy. These data were used to explain the different efficiency values obtained for the different materials and techniques, as well as the LET dependence of the CW-OSL decay curve shape. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Arkansas Oklahoma Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McKeever, SWS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Arkansas Oklahoma Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Dept Phys, 145 Phys Sci Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM u1759aa@vms.ucc.okstate.edu RI Yukihara, Eduardo/F-1345-2014 OI Yukihara, Eduardo/0000-0002-4615-6698 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00251-8 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763DU UT WOS:000188060300009 PM 14672096 ER PT J AU Cook, JC Copley, JRD AF Cook, JC Copley, JRD TI Simulations and measurements of the performance of a channeled neutron guide for a time-of-flight spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; DESIGN AB We describe the identification and analysis of the principal sources of intensity loss within the five-channeled neutron guide tube that was originally installed in the chopper section of the Disk Chopper Spectrometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. (The purpose of the five channels was to optimize intensity and resolution in three different modes of operation known as "resolution modes.") By combining measurements, Monte Carlo simulations, and analytical calculations, we have developed a model that successfully explains performance losses in the original guide. We have used this model to quantify expected returns in performance using a replacement guide in which the principal contributions to the intensity loss are reduced to the minimum achievable with current technology. We have also estimated the intensity gains that would be achieved if one of the limited number of options were adopted for modifying the original guide in a manner likely to produce such gains. We describe factors that affect the performance of the original guide and compare the measured and predicted performance of the modified guide against predictions for the optimal replacement guide. The simulations indicate that the modified guide (which has three channels rather than the original five) produces greater intensity gains over a large incident wavelength band for the low and medium resolution modes, whereas a high quality replacement guide greatly improves performance in the high resolution mode of operation. Because the low and medium resolution modes are most heavily demanded, we opted to modify the guide rather than replace it. We describe the nature of this modification and present intensity measurements that meet or exceed predictions in all resolution modes with no detectable change in the energy resolution nor increase in the instrumental background. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jeremy.cook@nist.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1063/1.1638871 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 768FF UT WOS:000188532400022 ER PT J AU Beyer, J Drung, D Irwin, KD AF Beyer, J Drung, D Irwin, KD TI Bias conditions of dc-SQUID for a time-domain SQUID multiplexer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; RESOLUTION; OPTIMIZATION; NOISE AB We have analyzed the biasing of the first-stage dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) of a time-domain dc-SQUID multiplexer (SQUID MUX) and find that the bias conditions of first-stage SQUIDs significantly affect the performance of the SQUID MUX in terms of total multiplexer noise and bandwidth. We present an experimental study of the operational parameters of a first-stage SQUID under varied bias conditions. Our measurements include a direct determination of the first-stage SQUID dynamic resistance R-DYN1 and the flux noise of the first-stage SQUID biased over the range from voltage bias to current bias. Our measurements show that matching the bias resistors R-S1 of the first-stage SQUIDs to R-DYN1 improves the SQUID MUX noise performance as well as the first-stage bandwidth. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Beyer, J (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM joern.beyer@ptb.de OI Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1063/1.1638877 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 768FF UT WOS:000188532400033 ER PT J AU Mullison, J Melling, H Freitag, HP Johns, W AF Mullison, J Melling, H Freitag, HP Johns, W TI Climate variability research aided by moored current profiles - Oceanographic moorings around the world gather long time series of heat and freshwater transport SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 RD Instruments, San Diego, CA USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mullison, J (reprint author), RD Instruments, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 17 EP + PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 777TG UT WOS:000189193200003 ER PT J AU Yang, B Pan, E Tewary, VK AF Yang, B Pan, E Tewary, VK TI Static responses of a multilayered anisotropic piezoelectric structure to point force and point charge SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; HALF-SPACE; SOLIDS; PLATES AB This paper studies three-dimensional (3D) static responses of a multilayered anisotropic piezoelectric structure due to a point force and point charge. The materials in each layer are homogeneous, generally anisotropic, and linearly piezoelectric, and in general different from one another. The interfaces between adjacent layers are perfectly bonded. The generalized Stroh formalism and two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transforms are employed to find the responses in terms of a 2D integral. For a layered structure made of ten alternating layers of piezoelectric AIN and InN on an InN substrate, we show that the responses due to the point force and point charge are greatly influenced by the material layering, showing complicated patterns through the layer thickness. Furthermore, the responses exhibit the asymptotic behavior in the case of homogeneous infinite space/half-space in a very short distance to the point source, about one tenth of the layer thickness. The complicated responses due to the layered heterogeneity dictate the need for a general 3D analysis in the design of such smart structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010; Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 AR PII S0964-1726(04)72388-5 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/13/1/020 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 778RY UT WOS:000189255600020 ER PT J AU Withee, GW Smith, DB Hales, MB AF Withee, GW Smith, DB Hales, MB TI Progress in multilateral earth observation cooperation: CEOS, IGOS and the ad hoc Group on Earth Observations SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) coordinates international civil space-borne missions designed to observe and study planet Earth. With over 100 Earth observation satellites expected to be launched during the next 10 years, it is clear that collaborative opportunities have not been fully maximized. In 2003 CEOS has been focusing on articulating a more comprehensive satellite data utilization approach and in following up on its significant involvement in the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The CEOS Chair also serves as Co-Chair of the Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, which seeks to reduce observation gaps and unnecessary overlaps and to harmonize and integrate common interests of space-based and in situ systems. IGOS focused in 2003 on development of a number of themes, including Carbon Cycle, Water Cycle and GeoHazards. The IGOS Ocean Theme is now in its implementation phase. NOAA, while chairing CEOS and co-chairing IGOS, has also been actively involved in organizing and hosting a ministerial-level Earth Observation Summit with a follow-on Group on Earth Observations (GEO) charged with developing the framework for a comprehensive global Earth observation system(s). All these activities demonstrate the commitment to developing more coherent and sustained Earth observation strategies for the good of the planet. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Smith, DB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, 1335 EW Highway,Room 7315, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Greg.Withee@noaa.gov; Brent.Smith@noaa.gov; Michael.Hales@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2003.12.001 PG 7 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 778GT UT WOS:000189231700006 ER PT J AU Peters, W Krol, MC Fortuin, JPF Kelder, HM Thompson, AM Becker, CR Lelieveld, J Crutzen, PJ AF Peters, W Krol, MC Fortuin, JPF Kelder, HM Thompson, AM Becker, CR Lelieveld, J Crutzen, PJ TI Tropospheric ozone over a tropical Atlantic station in the Northern hemisphere: Paramaribo, Surinam SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER-AIR-CIRCULATION; MODIFIED-RESIDUAL METHOD; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MAPPING SPECTROMETER; COLUMN OZONE; TRACE-A; TOMS; TRANSPORT; MAXIMUM AB We present an analysis of 2.5 yr of weekly ozone soundings conducted at a new monitoring station in Paramaribo, Surinam (6degreesN, 55degreesW). This is currently one of only three ozone sounding stations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropics, and the only one in the equatorial Atlantic region. Paramaribo is part of the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozone Sounding program (SHADOZ). Owing to its position close to the equator, the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) passes over Paramaribo twice per year, which results in a semi-annual seasonality of many parameters including relative humidity and ozone. The dataset from Paramaribo is used to: (1) evaluate the ozone variability relative to precipitation, atmospheric circulation patterns and biomass burning; (2) contrast ozone at the NH equatorial Atlantic with that at nearby Southern Hemisphere (SH) stations Natal (6degreesS, 35degreesW) and Ascension (8degreesS, 14degreesW); (3) compare the seasonality of tropospheric ozone with a satellite-derived ozone product: tropical tropospheric ozone columns from the modified residual method (MR-TTOC). We find that Paramaribo is a distinctly Atlantic station. Despite its position north of the equator, it resembles nearby SH stations during most of the year. Transport patterns in the lower and middle troposphere during February and March differ from SH stations, which leads to a seasonality of ozone with two maxima. MR-TTOC over Paramaribo does not match the observed seasonality of ozone due to the use of a SH ozone sonde climatology in the MR method. The Paramaribo ozone record is used to suggest an improvement for Northern Hemisphere MR-TTOC retrievals. We conclude that station Paramaribo shows unique features in the region, and clearly adds new information to the existing SHADOZ record. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Koninklijke Nederlandse Meteorol Dienst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Meteorol Dienst Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Peters, W (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Wouter.Peters@noaa.gov RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00083.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775XE UT WOS:000189085300002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Omland, KS AF Johnson, JB Omland, KS TI Model selection in ecology and evolution SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID NEST SUCCESS; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; TESTING HYPOTHESES; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARKED ANIMALS; WATER LEVELS; SNAIL KITE; HISTORY; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS AB Recently, researchers in several areas of ecology and evolution have begun to change the way in which they analyze data and make biological inferences. Rather than the traditional null hypothesis testing approach, they have adopted an approach called model selection, in which several competing hypotheses are simultaneously confronted with data. Model selection can be used to identify a single best model, thus lending support to one particular hypothesis, or it can be used to make inferences based on weighted support from a complete set of competing models. Model selection is widely accepted and well developed in certain fields, most notably in molecular systematics and mark-recapture analysis. However, it is now gaining support in several other areas, from molecular evolution to landscape ecology. Here, we outline the steps of model selection and highlight several ways that it is now being implemented. By adopting this approach, researchers in ecology and evolution will find a valuable alternative to traditional null hypothesis testing, especially when more than one hypothesis is plausible. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM jerry.johnson@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 1725 Z9 1770 U1 39 U2 473 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 773PD UT WOS:000188931400011 PM 16701236 ER PT J AU Sills, DML Wilson, JW Joe, PI Burgess, DW Webb, RM Fox, NI AF Sills, DML Wilson, JW Joe, PI Burgess, DW Webb, RM Fox, NI TI The 3 November tornadic event during Sydney 2000: Storm evolution and the role of low-level boundaries SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LAYER CONVERGENCE LINES; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DOPPLER RADAR; GARDEN-CITY; VORTEX 95; ROTATION; TORNADOGENESIS; ENVIRONMENTS; MESOCYCLONE AB Several severe thunderstorms, including a tornadic supercell, developed on the afternoon of 3 November 2000, during the Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project. Severe weather included three tornadoes, damaging wind gusts, hail to 7-cm diameter, and heavy rain causing flash flooding. A unique dataset was collected including data from two Doppler radars, a surface mesonet, enhanced upper-air profiling, storm photography, and a storm damage survey. Synoptic-scale forcing was weak and mesoscale factors were central to the development of severe weather. In particular, low-level boundaries such as gust fronts and the sea-breeze front played critical roles in the initiation and enhancement of storms, the motion of storms, and the generation of rotation at low levels. The complex and often subtle boundary interactions that led to the development of the tornadic supercell in this case highlight the need for advanced detection and prediction tools to improve the warning capacity for such events. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys Res Div, King Weather Radar Res Facil, King City, ON L7B 1A3, Canada. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Bur Meteorol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Salford, Manchester, England. RP Sills, DML (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys Res Div, King Weather Radar Res Facil, 14780 Jane St, King City, ON L7B 1A3, Canada. EM david.sills@ec.gc.ca OI Fox, Neil/0000-0002-6994-155X NR 51 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 22 EP 42 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0022:TNTEDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770DC UT WOS:000188707100004 ER PT J AU Joe, P Burgess, D Potts, R Keenan, T Stumpf, G Treloar, A AF Joe, P Burgess, D Potts, R Keenan, T Stumpf, G Treloar, A TI The S2K severe weather detection algorithms and their performance SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D; STORMS; IDENTIFICATION; TRACKING AB One of the main goals of the Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project was to demonstrate the efficacy and utility of automated severe weather detection radar algorithms. As a contribution to this goal, this paper describes the radar-based severe weather algorithms used in the project, their performance, and related radar issues. Participants in this part of the project included the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) Warning Decision Support System (WDSS), the Meteorological Service of Canada Canadian Radar Decision Support ( CARDS) system, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thunderstorm Initiation, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting ( TITAN) system, and a precipitation-typing algorithm from the Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre polarized C-band polarimetric (C-Pol) radar. Three radars were available: the S-band reflectivity-only operational radar, the C-band Doppler Kurnell radar, and the C-band Doppler polarization C-Pol radar. The radar algorithms attempt to diagnose the presence of storm cells; provide storm tracks; identify mesocyclone circulations, downbursts and/or microbursts, and hail; and provide storm ranking. The tracking and identification of cells was undertaken using TITAN and WDSS. Three versions of TITAN were employed to track weak and strong cells. Results show TITAN cell detection thresholds influence the ability of the algorithm to clearly identify storm cells and also the ability to correctly track the storms. WDSS algorithms are set up with lower-volume thresholds and provided many more tracks. WDSS and CARDS circulation algorithms were adapted to the Southern Hemisphere. CARDS had lower detection thresholds and, hence, detected more circulations than WDSS. Radial-velocity-based and reflectivity-based downburst algorithms were available from CARDS. Since the reflectivity-based algorithm was based on features aloft, it provided an earlier indication of strong surface winds. Three different hail algorithms from WDSS, CARDS, and C-Pol provided output on the presence, the probability, and the size of hail. Although the algorithms differed considerably they provided similar results. Size distributions were similar to observations. The WDSS provided a ranking algorithm to identify the most severe storm. Many of the algorithms had been adapted and altered to account for differences in radar technology, configuration, and meteorological regime. The various combinations of different algorithms and different radars provided an unprecedented opportunity to study the impact of radar technology on the performance of the severe weather algorithms. The algorithms were able to operate on both single-and dual-pulse repetition frequency Doppler radars and on C-and S-band radars with minimal changes. The biggest influence on the algorithms was data quality. Beamwidth smoothing limited the effective range of the algorithms and ground clutter and ground clutter filtering affected the quality of the low-level radial velocities and the detection of low-level downbursts. Cycle time of the volume scans significantly affected the tracking results. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Bur Meteorol, Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Bur Meteorol, New S Wales Sydney Reg Forecast Off, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Joe, P (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM paul.joe@ec.gc.ca NR 40 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 43 EP 63 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0043:TSSWDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770DC UT WOS:000188707100005 ER PT J AU Ebert, EE Wilson, LJ Brown, BG Nurmi, P Brooks, HE Bally, J Jaeneke, M AF Ebert, EE Wilson, LJ Brown, BG Nurmi, P Brooks, HE Bally, J Jaeneke, M TI Verification of nowcasts from the WWRP Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; TRACKING AB The verification phase of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP) was intended to measure the skill of the participating nowcast algorithms in predicting the location of convection, rainfall rate and occurrence, wind speed and direction, severe thunderstorm wind gusts, and hail location and size. An additional question of interest was whether forecasters could improve the quality of the nowcasts compared to the FDP products alone. The nowcasts were verified using a variety of statistical techniques. Observational data came from radar reflectivity and rainfall analyses, a network of rain gauges, and human ( spotter) observations. The verification results showed that the cell tracking algorithms predicted the location of the strongest cells with a mean error of about 15 - 30 km for a 1- h forecast, and were usually more accurate than an extrapolation ( Lagrangian persistence) forecast. Mean location errors for the area tracking schemes were on the order of 20 km. Almost all of the algorithms successfully predicted the frequency of rain throughout the forecast period, although most underestimated the frequency of high rain rates. The skill in predicting rain occurrence decreased very quickly into the forecast period. In particular, the algorithms could not predict the precise location of heavy rain beyond the first 10 - 20 min. Using radar analyses as verification, the algorithms' spatial forecasts were consistently more skillful than simple persistence. However, when verified against rain gauge observations at point locations, the algorithms had difficulty beating persistence, mainly due to differences in spatial and temporal resolution. Only one algorithm attempted to forecast gust fronts. The results for a limited sample showed a mean absolute error of 7 km h(-1) and mean bias of 3 km h(-1) in the speed of the gust fronts during the FDP. The errors in seabreeze front forecasts were half as large, with essentially no bias. Verification of the hail associated with the 3 November tornadic storm showed that the two algorithms that estimated hail size and occurrence successfully diagnosed the onset and cessation of the hail to within 30 min of the reported sightings. The time evolution of hail size was reasonably well captured by the algorithms, and the predicted mean and maximum hail diameters were consistent with the observations. The Thunderstorm Interactive Forecast System (TIFS) allowed forecasters to modify the output of the cell tracking nowcasts, primarily using it to remove cells that were insignificant or diagnosed with incorrect motion. This manual filtering resulted in markedly reduced mean cell position errors when compared to the unfiltered forecasts. However, when forecasters attempted to adjust the storm tracks for a small number of well-defined intense cells, the position errors increased slightly, suggesting that in such cases the objective guidance is probably the best estimate of storm motion. C1 Bur Meteorol, Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. Rech Previs Numer, Dorval, PQ, Canada. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. RP Ebert, EE (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. EM e.ebert@bom.gov.au NR 24 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 96 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0073:VONFTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770DC UT WOS:000188707100007 ER PT J AU Konopka, P Steinhorst, HM Grooss, JU Gunther, G Muller, R Elkins, JW Jost, HJ Richard, E Schmidt, U Toon, G McKenna, DS AF Konopka, P Steinhorst, HM Grooss, JU Gunther, G Muller, R Elkins, JW Jost, HJ Richard, E Schmidt, U Toon, G McKenna, DS TI Mixing and ozone loss in the 1999-2000 Arctic vortex: Simulations with the three-dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratosphere; Lagrangian transport; mixing; ozone loss; SOLVE/THESEO 2000; CLaMS ID BALLOON-BORNE OBSERVATIONS; NORTHERN POLAR VORTEX; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WINTER 1999/2000; DEPLETION; FORMULATION; ADVECTION; CHEMISTRY; DESCENT AB [1] The three-dimensional (3-D) formulation of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS-3d) is presented that extends the isentropic version of CLaMS to cross-isentropic transport. The cross-isentropic velocities of the Lagrangian air parcels are calculated with a radiation module and by taking into account profiles of ozone and water vapor derived from a HALOE climatology. The 3-D extension of mixing maintains the most important feature of the 2-D version as mixing is mainly controlled by the horizontal deformations of the wind fields. In the 3-D version, mixing is additionally driven by the vertical shear in the flow. The impact of the intensity of mixing in the 3-D model formulation on simulated tracer distributions is elucidated by comparing observations of CH4, Halon-1211, and ozone from satellite, balloon, and ER-2 aircraft during the SOLVE/ THESEO-2000 campaign. CLaMS-3d simulations span the time period from early December 1999 to the middle of March 2000, with air parcels extending over the Northern Hemisphere in the vertical range between 350 and 1400 K. The adjustment of the CLaMS-3d mixing parameters to optimize agreement with observations was obtained for strongly inhomogeneous, deformation-induced mixing that affects only about 10% of the air parcels per day. The optimal choice of the aspect ratio a defining the ratio of the mean horizontal and vertical separation between the air parcels was determined to be 250 for model configuration with a horizontal resolution r(0) = 100 km. By transporting ozone in CLaMS-3d as a passive tracer, the chemical ozone loss was inferred as the difference between the observed and simulated ozone profiles. The results show, in agreement with previous studies, a substantial ozone loss between 380 and 520 K with a maximum loss at 460 K of about 1.9 ppmv, i.e., of over 60% locally, from December to the middle of March 2000. During this period, the impact of isentropic mixing across the vortex edge outweighs the effect of the spatially inhomogeneous ( differential) descent on the tracer/ ozone correlations in the vortex. Mixing into the vortex shifts the early winter reference tracer/ ozone correlation to higher values, which may lead to an underestimate of chemical ozone loss, on average by 0.4 and 0.1 ppmv in the entire vortex and the vortex core, respectively. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICGI, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Konopka, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICGI, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.konopka@fz-juelich.de; h.steinhorst@fz-jeulich.de; j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de; g.guenther@fz-juelich.de; ro.mueller@fz.juelich.de; jelkins@cmdl.noaa.gov; hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov; erik.c.richard@noaa.gov; uschmidt@meteor.uni-frankfurt.de; toon@mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov; danny@acd.ucar.edu RI Guenther, Gebhard/K-7583-2012; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; McKenna, Daniel/E-7806-2014 OI Guenther, Gebhard/0000-0003-4111-6221; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; McKenna, Daniel/0000-0002-4360-4782 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D2 AR D02315 DI 10.1029/2003JD003792 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772XF UT WOS:000188867500001 ER PT J AU Schunk, RW Scherliess, L Sojka, JJ Thompson, DC Anderson, DN Codrescu, M Minter, C Fuller-Rowell, TJ Heelis, RA Hairston, M Howe, BM AF Schunk, RW Scherliess, L Sojka, JJ Thompson, DC Anderson, DN Codrescu, M Minter, C Fuller-Rowell, TJ Heelis, RA Hairston, M Howe, BM TI Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; assimilation; Kalman filter; plasmasphere ID MODEL; SATELLITE AB [1] The ionosphere is a highly dynamic medium that exhibits weather disturbances at all latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes, and these disturbances can have detrimental effects on both military and civilian systems. In an effort to mitigate the adverse effects, we are developing a physics-based data assimilation model of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere called the Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM). GAIM will use a physics-based ionosphere-plasmasphere model and a Kalman filter as a basis for assimilating a diverse set of real-time ( or near real-time) measurements. Some of the data to be assimilated include in situ density measurements from satellites, ionosonde electron density profiles, occultation data, ground-based GPS total electron contents (TECs), two-dimensional ionospheric density distributions from tomography chains, and line-of-sight UV emissions from selected satellites. When completed, GAIM will provide specifications and forecasts on a spatial grid that can be global, regional, or local. The primary output of GAIM will be a continuous reconstruction of the three-dimensional electron density distribution from 90 km to geosynchronous altitude ( 35,000 km). GAIM also outputs auxiliary parameters, including NmF2, h(m)F(2), NmE, h(m)E, and slant and vertical TEC. Furthermore, GAIM provides global distributions for the ionospheric drivers ( neutral winds and densities, magnetospheric and equatorial electric fields, and electron precipitation patterns). In its specification mode, GAIM yields quantitative estimates for the accuracy of the reconstructed ionospheric densities. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Texas, WB Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Schunk, RW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM schunk@cc.usu.edu RI Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016 OI Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 NR 17 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S02 DI 10.1029/2002RS002794 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 772YV UT WOS:000188871400001 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF TI Flory-Huggins model of equilibrium polymerization and phase separation in the Stockmayer fluid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-VAPOR COEXISTENCE; STRONGLY DIPOLAR FLUIDS; LATTICE MODEL; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; LOW-DENSITIES; POLAR FLUIDS; TRANSITIONS; SYSTEMS; CONDENSATION; POLYMERS AB The competition between chain formation and phase separation in the Stockmayer fluid (SF) of dipolar particles is analyzed using a renormalized Flory-Huggins model of equilibrium polymerization. Calculated critical properties (T(c), phi(c), Z(c)) for the SF compare favorably with simulations over a wide range of the dimensionless dipolar (or "sticking") energy mu(*). We find that the polymerization transition preempts phase separation for a large mu(*), i.e., (mu(*))(2)>22. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.045502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770TU UT WOS:000188747600032 PM 14995384 ER PT J AU Hansen, FY Criswell, L Fuhrmann, D Herwig, KW Diama, A Dimeo, RM Neumann, DA Volkmann, UG Taub, H AF Hansen, FY Criswell, L Fuhrmann, D Herwig, KW Diama, A Dimeo, RM Neumann, DA Volkmann, UG Taub, H TI Intramolecular diffusive motion in alkane monolayers studied by high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIPID-BILAYERS; GRAPHITE; FILMS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of a tetracosane (n-C24H50) monolayer adsorbed on a graphite basal-plane surface show that there are diffusive motions associated with the creation and annihilation of gauche defects occurring on a time scale of similar to0.1-4 ns. We present evidence that these relatively slow motions are observable by high-energy-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) thus demonstrating QNS as a technique, complementary to nuclear magnetic resonance, for studying conformational dynamics on a nanosecond time scale in molecular monolayers. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. RP Hansen, FY (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, IK 207 DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Volkmann, Ulrich/H-1802-2014 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 AR 046103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.046103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770TU UT WOS:000188747600037 PM 14995389 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Pathak, JA Grulke, EA Wang, H Hobbie, EK AF Lin-Gibson, S Pathak, JA Grulke, EA Wang, H Hobbie, EK TI Elastic flow instability in nanotube suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION; SEDIMENTATION; FLOCCULATION; SIMULATIONS; SCATTERING; RHEOLOGY; PATTERN; PHASE AB We report an elastic instability associated with flow-induced clustering in semidilute non-Brownian colloidal nanotubes. Rheo-optical measurements are compared with simulations of mechanical flocculation in sheared fiber suspensions, and the evolving structure is characterized as a function of confinement and shear stress. The transient rheology is correlated with the evolution of highly elastic vorticity-aligned aggregates, with the underlying instability being somewhat ubiquitous in complex fluids. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 28 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 AR 048302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.048302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770TU UT WOS:000188747600061 PM 14995413 ER PT J AU Regal, CA Greiner, M Jin, DS AF Regal, CA Greiner, M Jin, DS TI Observation of resonance condensation of fermionic atom pairs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES AB We have observed condensation of fermionic atom pairs in the BCS-BEC crossover regime. A trapped gas of fermionic K-40 atoms is evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy and then a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to control the atom-atom interactions. The location of this resonance is precisely determined from low-density measurements of molecule dissociation. In order to search for condensation on either side of the resonance, we introduce a technique that pairwise projects fermionic atoms onto molecules; this enables us to measure the momentum distribution of fermionic atom pairs. The transition to condensation of fermionic atom pairs is mapped out as a function of the initial atom gas temperature T compared to the Fermi temperature T-F for magnetic-field detunings on both the BCS and BEC sides of the resonance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greiner, Markus/A-8502-2010 NR 36 TC 1127 Z9 1143 U1 2 U2 64 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 AR 040403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.040403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770TU UT WOS:000188747600004 PM 14995356 ER PT J AU Schweikhard, V Coddington, I Engels, P Mogendorff, VP Cornell, EA AF Schweikhard, V Coddington, I Engels, P Mogendorff, VP Cornell, EA TI Rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in and near the lowest Landau level SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We create rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in the lowest Landau level by spinning up the condensates to rotation rates Omega > 99% of the centrifugal limit for a harmonically trapped gas, while reducing the number of atoms. As a consequence, the chemical potential drops below the cyclotron energy 2(h) over bar &UOmega;. While in this mean-field quantum-Hall regime we still observe an ordered vortex lattice, its elastic shear strength is strongly reduced, as evidenced by the observed very low frequency of Tkachenko modes. Furthermore, the gas approaches the quasi-two-dimensional limit. The associated crossover from interacting- to ideal-gas behavior along the rotation axis results in a shift of the axial breathing mode frequency. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Schweikhard, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 29 TC 257 Z9 260 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 AR 040404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.040404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770TU UT WOS:000188747600005 PM 14995357 ER PT J AU Farkas, N Zhang, G Donnelly, KM Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA AF Farkas, N Zhang, G Donnelly, KM Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA TI The role of subsurface oxygen in the local oxidation of zirconium and zirconium nitride thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE oxygen; anodization; zirconium ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SPACE-CHARGE; SILICON; KINETICS; OXIDE; NANOFABRICATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB This paper discusses the growth kinetics of nanometer scale oxide structures grown by atomic force microscope (AFM) assisted lithography. The addition of nitrogen into the sputtering gas during zirconium deposition results in a crystalline ZrN material with oxygen held in solid solution. The diffusion rate of oxygen is high through the crystalline material, allowing it to participate in local anodization and resulting in tall oxide features at low relative humidity. These nanostructures are, in some cases, an order of magnitude higher than previously seen in other material systems. Higher nitrogen content in the plasma results in a crystalline to amorphous transition in the films, and the height enhancement of the AFM-grown features disappears. We propose that mass transport of subsurface oxygen has an influence on surface oxidation kinetics in this material system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ramsier, RD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, 250 Buchtel Commons,Ayer Hall 111, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM rex@uakron.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 447 BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01252-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 774QY UT WOS:000188995700083 ER PT J AU Li, QB Jacob, DJ Munger, JW Yantosca, RM Parrish, DD AF Li, QB Jacob, DJ Munger, JW Yantosca, RM Parrish, DD TI Export of NOy from the North American boundary layer: Reconciling aircraft observations and global model budgets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE reactive nitrogen; export efficiency; pollution ID FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; TRACE GAS-COMPOSITION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; ATLANTIC OCEAN; SURFACE OZONE; DEPOSITION AB [1] Fossil fuel combustion accounts for > 50% of the global atmospheric emission of NOx, but this source is concentrated in the polluted continental boundary layer (CBL) and only a small fraction is exported as NOy (NOx and its oxidation products) to the global troposphere. Better quantification of this export efficiency is needed because of its implications for global tropospheric ozone. A recent Lagrangian analysis of the NOy-CO correlations observed from the North Atlantic Regional Experiment in September 1997 (NARE' 97) aircraft campaign downwind of eastern North America ( September 1997) indicated a NOy export efficiency of < 10%, with < 10% of the exported NOy present as NOx. In contrast, previous three-dimensional (3-D) model Eulerian budget analyses for the North American boundary layer indicated NOy export efficiencies of 25 - 30%, with 30 - 35% of the exported NOy present as NOx. We investigated this apparent discrepancy by simulating the NARE' 97 aircraft observations with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) and using the model to calculate the NOy export efficiency both through a Lagrangian analysis of the NOy-CO correlations along the aircraft flight tracks and through an Eulerian budget analysis for the North American boundary layer. The model reproduces the variability and NOy-CO correlations observed in the aircraft data and also at the Harvard Forest surface site in the northeastern United States. We show that the previous Lagrangian analyses of the NOy export efficiency during NARE' 97 were probably biased low because of underestimation of the CO background. Correcting for this bias, we find a NOy export efficiency of 17 +/- 7% in the model and 15 +/- 11% in the observations. A similar NOy export efficiency (20%) in the model is obtained from the Eulerian budget analysis, demonstrating that the Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches are in fact consistent. Export efficiencies of NOy in previous 3-D model Eulerian budget analyses were probably too high because of insufficient scavenging out of the CBL. Model results indicate that only 6% of the exported NOy is present as NOx along the aircraft flight tracks, in agreement with the observations, but that 40% of the NOy export flux is present as NOx, in agreement with the previous 3-D model analyses. This result reflects the fast oxidation of NOx between the point of exit from the CBL and the point of sampling by the aircraft. The eventual ozone production in the global troposphere due to exported NOx and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), with equal contributions from each, is comparable in magnitude to the direct export of ozone pollution from the North American boundary layer. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 29 Oxford St,110G Pierce Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM qli@io.harvard.edu; djj@io.harvard.edu; jwm@io.harvard.edu; bmy@io.harvard.edu; parrish@al.noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D2 AR D02313 DI 10.1029/2003JD004086 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772XD UT WOS:000188867200003 ER PT J AU Potma, EO Xie, XS Muntean, L Preusser, J Jones, D Ye, J Leone, SR Hinsberg, WD Schade, W AF Potma, EO Xie, XS Muntean, L Preusser, J Jones, D Ye, J Leone, SR Hinsberg, WD Schade, W TI Chemical imaging of photoresists with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FIELD INFRARED MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; 0.13 MU-M; PICOSECOND LASERS; CHALLENGES; DIFFUSION AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is demonstrated to be a powerful imaging technique with chemical specificity for studying chemically amplified polymer photoresists. Samples of poly(tertbutyl oxycarbonyloxy styrene) (PTBOCST) resist imprinted by interferometric lithography with a pattern of lines/spaces of 400 nm/400 nm and 200 nm/200 nm were used to test CARS imaging capabilities. Chemical contrast in the image is obtained by probing the carbonyl stretching vibration of the tert-butoxyl carbonyl group of PTBOCST. The experimental images demonstrate high spatial resolution (approximate to270 nm) and strong signal, which allows short acquisition times. Advantages and limitations of CARS in comparison with other imaging techniques with chemical specificity, such as infrared near field scanning optical microscopy (IR NSOM), are discussed. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Tech Univ Clausthal, Inst Phys & Technol, D-38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 29 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1301 DI 10.1021/jp030903p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 768GR UT WOS:000188535700018 ER PT J AU Moyer, RO Toby, BH AF Moyer, RO Toby, BH TI Ca2IrD5: an order-disorder transition SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metal hydrides; chemical synthesis; neutron diffraction; crystal structure and symmetry; phase transitions ID POWDER-DIFFRACTION; RUTHENIUM HYDRIDE; STRONTIUM; RHODIUM AB Neutron powder diffraction data were collected on a sample of Ca2IrD5 for five temperatures from 20 to 295 K. At room temperature, the symmetry is face-centered cubic, but between 295 and 275 K a phase transition to body-centered tetragonal symmetry is seen. In the cubic phase, there is a single octahedral D site with 5/6 occupancy and an Ir-D distance of 1.702(3) Angstrom. In the tetragonal phase, there are two D sites. The apical D site is 50% occupied and has an Ir-D bond distance of 1.805(6) Angstrom, while the equatorial site is fully occupied and has an Ir-D bond distances of 1.681(3) Angstrom. Weighted profile R-factors for the cubic and tetragonal structures are 0.0716, and 0.0733, respectively. In contrast to Sr2IrD5 and Eu2IrD5, where minor amounts of the cubic phase persisted well below the cubic to tetragonal phase transition temperature, all Ca2IrD5 completely transformed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Chem, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.toby@nist.gov RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00457-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 760DJ UT WOS:000187796100022 ER PT J AU Holland, AF Sanger, DM Gawle, CP Lerberg, SB Santiago, MS Riekerk, GHM Zimmerman, LE Scott, GI AF Holland, AF Sanger, DM Gawle, CP Lerberg, SB Santiago, MS Riekerk, GHM Zimmerman, LE Scott, GI TI Linkages between tidal creek ecosystems and the landscape and demographic attributes of their watersheds SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tidal creeks; impervious cover; watershed development; landscape indicators; ecosystem responses; nursery habitat ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BENTHIC INDEX; QUALITY; RIVER; FLUORANTHENE; TOLERANCES; DIVERSITY AB Twenty-three headwater tidal creeks draining watersheds representative of forested, suburban, urban, and industrial land cover were sampled along the South Carolina coast from 1994 to 2002 to: (1) evaluate the degree to which impervious land cover is an integrative watershed-scale indicator of stress'. (2) synthesize and integrate the available data on linkages between land cover and tidal creek environmental quality into a conceptual model of the responses of tidal creeks to human development,- and (3) use the model to develop recommendations for conserving and restoring tidal creek ecosystems. The following parameters were evaluated: human population density, land use, impervious cover, creek physical characteristics, water quality, sediment chemical contamination and grain size characteristics, benthic chlorophyll a levels, porewater ammonia concentration, fecal coliform concentration, and macrobenthic and nekton population and community characteristics. The conceptual model was developed and used to identify the linkages among watershed-scale stressors, physical and chemical exposures, and biological responses of tidal creeks to human development at the watershed scale. This model provides a visual representation of the manner in which human population growth is linked to changes in the physiochemical environment and ultimately the nursery habitat function of tidal creeks and the safety of seafood harvested from headwater tidal creeks. The ultimate stressor on the tidal creek ecosystem is the human population density in the watershed and associated increases in the amount of impervious land cover. Measurable adverse changes in the physical and chemical environment were observed when the impervious cover exceeded 10-20%, including altered hydrography, changes in salinity variance, altered sediment characteristics, increased chemical contaminants, and increased fecal coliform loadings. Living resources responded when impervious cover exceeded 20-30%. The impacts on the living resources included reduced abundance of stress-sensitive macrobenthic taxa, reduced abundance of commercially and recreationally important shrimp, and altered food webs. Headwater tidal creeks appear to provide early warning of ensuing harm to larger tidal creeks, tidal rivers and estuaries, and the amount of impervious cover in a watershed appears to be an integrative measure of the adverse human alterations of the landscape. Through education and community involvement, a conservation ethic may be fostered that encourages the permanent protection of lands for the services they provide. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Charleston Ctr Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Holland, AF (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM Fred.Holland@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 8 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 2 BP 151 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00357-5 PG 28 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 771HV UT WOS:000188780300002 ER PT J AU Webster, LF Thompson, BC Fulton, MH Chestnut, DE Van Dolah, RF Leight, AK Scotta, GI AF Webster, LF Thompson, BC Fulton, MH Chestnut, DE Van Dolah, RF Leight, AK Scotta, GI TI Identification of sources of Escherichia coli in South Carolina estuaries using antibiotic resistance analysis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; E. coli; fecal coliforms; source tracking ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; WATER-QUALITY; PROFILES AB Fecal pollution from nonhuman (pets, livestock or wildlife) and human sources is often one of the major factors associated with urbanization that contribute to the degradation of water quality. Methods to differentiate animal from human sources of fecal coliform contamination could assist resource managers in developing strategies to protect shellfish harvesting areas and recreational waters. In this study, surface water samples were collected from both a developed and an undeveloped watershed in coastal South Carolina. Influent and effluent samples from several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the same area were also collected. Most Probable Numbers (MPNs) of fecal coliforms were determined for all samples. Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance (AR) to 10 antibiotics. Then, AR indices (no. of resistant/total no. of antibiotics tested), were calculated for each isolate and site. Results indicated that MPNs from the WWTP samples were significantly higher than those from the developed watershed which were significantly higher than those from the undeveloped watershed (p<0.0001). The AR analyses suggested that there was a trend toward increased antibiotic resistance in samples for the urbanized Broad Creek (BC) watershed. In the Okatee River (OR), E. coli isolates from three sites (20%) showed resistance to a single antibiotic (penicillin) but in BC, isolates from seven sites (47%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the predominant resistance pattern was chlortetracyclineoxytetracycline-tetracycline. Raw sewage isolates from most WWTPs contained E. coli that exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics. Cluster analysis indicated that all resistant OR sites had antibiotic resistant isolates that matched AR patterns found in isolates from WWTPs. Similarly, six of the seven sites in BC had AR patterns that matched with resistance patterns in WWTPs. These results suggest that AR testing may be a useful tool for differentiating E. coli from human and wildlife sources. Further testing of bacterial isolates from known animal sources is necessary to better assess the utility of this approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Water, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Webster, LF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM laura.f.webster@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 2 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00358-7 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 771HV UT WOS:000188780300003 ER PT J AU Kelsey, H Porter, DE Scott, G Neet, M White, D AF Kelsey, H Porter, DE Scott, G Neet, M White, D TI Using geographic information systems and regression analysis to evaluate relationships between land use and fecal coliform bacterial pollution SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GIS; regression analysis; fecal pollution; nonpoint source pollution; land use ID CONTAMINATION; EFFLUENT; QUALITY; WATER AB Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and regression modeling techniques were used to evaluate relationships between land use and fecal pollution in Murrells Inlet, a small, urbanized, high-salinity estuary located between Myrtle Beach and Georgetown, SC. GIS techniques were used to identify and calculate land use and spatial variables to be used in a regression model. The regression analysis was performed to identify specific land-use characteristics that may influence fecal coliform densities in the estuary. The regession modeling used land-use parameters to explain the variability of fecal coliform densities measured monthly at 21 locations in the estuary over the 10-year period from 1989 to 1998. Individual regression models were generated for each season, and for a combined data set. The results of the regression analyses indicate that proximity to areas with septic tanks, and rainfall runoff from urbanized areas are important predictors of fecal coliform densities in the estuary. Sampling sites closer to areas with high densities of active septic tanks or more urbanized land uses tended to have higher fecal coliform densities. Although these results may suggest that septic tanks are a substantial human source of fecal pollution, previous research has indicated that the fecal pollution in those areas is probably not from human sources. The areas of Murrells Inlet with higher septic tank densities also are located in areas of high housing density, are in close proximity to the land-water interface, and are in the extreme upper reaches of the estuary, where flushing and dilution effects may be reduced. The higher fecal coliform densities observed at these locations may be a coincidental result of these factors and fecal deposition from pets, and not the direct result of fecal pollution input from the septic tanks. C1 Univ S Carolina, Baruch Inst, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin Ctr Coastal Environm, Charleston, SC USA. RP Kelsey, H (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Baruch Inst, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM heath@inlet.geol.sc.edu NR 17 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00359-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 771HV UT WOS:000188780300004 ER PT J AU Pennington, PL DeLorenzo, ME Lawton, JC Strozier, ED Fulton, MH Scott, GI AF Pennington, PL DeLorenzo, ME Lawton, JC Strozier, ED Fulton, MH Scott, GI TI Modular estuarine mesocosm validation: ecotoxicological assessment of direct effects with the model compound endosulfan SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mesocosm; small tidal creek; endosulfan; toxicity; bioconcentration ID TOXICITY; FENVALERATE; EXPOSURE AB This study represents the first in a series of validation experiments for the modular estuarine mesocosm testing direct pesticide effects. Endosulfan, an agricultural insecticide, was selected as a model contaminant for studying direct toxic effects as well as uptake of this model contaminant by estuarine biota. The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, showed significant mortality (96 h LC50: 0.12 and 2.2 mug/l, respectively) to endosulfan as predicted by laboratory bioassays. There was no effect on fiddler crabs and eastern oysters. The mesocosm was also useful in demonstrating the bioconcentration of endosulfan by eastern oysters (bioconcentration factor [BCF]=375) similar to results reported in field studies. This study illustrates the modular estuarine mesocosms' ability to delect direct effects of pesticide exposure and the uptake of a pesticide by estuarine fauna. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Admin, Off Response & Restorat, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Pennington, PL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.pennington@NOAA.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 2 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00365-4 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 771HV UT WOS:000188780300012 ER PT J AU Yang, J Honrath, RE Peterson, MC Parrish, DD Warshawsky, M AF Yang, J Honrath, RE Peterson, MC Parrish, DD Warshawsky, M TI Photostationary state deviation-estimated peroxy radicals and their implications for HOx and ozone photochemistry at a remote northern Atlantic coastal site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE peroxy radicals; PSSD; photostationary state ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; STEADY-STATE; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LOSS RATES; OH; TROPOSPHERE; SNOWPACK AB [1] Measurements of NO, NO2, O-3, and ultraviolet irradiance made at Cape Norman, Newfoundland (51.6 degreesN, 55.9 degreesW), during February - April 1996 were used to examine peroxy radical photochemistry and the local photochemical ozone tendency. Deviations from NO-NO2-O-3 photostationary state (the PSSD method) were used to estimate peroxy radical (PO2) mixing ratios. Potential biases in the PSSD method and the methods used to apply it in an unbiased manner are discussed. PO2 levels reached 77 +/- 8 pptv (midday mean +/- 2sigma of the mean), significantly higher than observed in previous studies at remote marine locations. [PO2] was well correlated with (J(O1D))(1/2), indicating that the dominant radical source was photolysis by ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength region of O-3 photolysis and the dominant sink of PO2 was recombination. However, the variation of [PO2] with (J(O1D))(1/2) (d[PO2]/d(J(O1D))(1/2)) was significantly higher than expected at this site during spring. Significant radical production in addition to that from net O-3 photolysis, possibly related to snow photochemistry in the upwind region, is suggested as the cause. However, the measurements needed to test this hypothesis were not made in this study, and we suggest future HOx measurements in remote midlatitude, snow-covered regions. The net photochemical ozone production at this site during springtime was calculated to be minimal ( generally small and negative, and always less than or equal to +0.1 ppbv/h). These small values indicate that in situ photochemical ozone production is negligible at this site during spring; if [HO2]/[PO2] is large, net ozone destruction may contribute up to similar to10% of mean ozone levels per day. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM reh@mtu.edu RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724 NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D2 AR D02312 DI 10.1029/2003JD003983 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772XC UT WOS:000188867100003 ER PT J AU Yurekli, K Karim, A Amis, EJ Krishnamoorti, R AF Yurekli, K Karim, A Amis, EJ Krishnamoorti, R TI Phase behavior of PS-PVME nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); DEUTERATED POLYSTYRENE; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; BLENDS; MODEL; SEPARATION AB The influence of nanometer thick, highly anisotropic organically modified layered silicate (montmorillonite) on the phase behavior of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) is investigated by a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and a two-dimensional combinatorial method based on light scattering and corroborated by single-point static cloud-point light scattering. The presence of layered silicates up to a volume fraction of 0.04 is found to leave the phase diagram essentially unchanged, with the values of the Flory-Huggins chi parameter at high temperatures being nearly independent of added silicate for blends with layered silicates up to a volume fraction of 0.008. These surprising results, in light of the significantly higher polarity of PVME in comparison to PS, allows us to investigate the influence of such layered silicates on the kinetics and morphology of phase separation in polymer blends as detailed in a previous paper. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM Ramanan@uh.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X NR 47 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 27 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1021/ma0302098 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766NU UT WOS:000188383100041 ER PT J AU Muschinski, A AF Muschinski, A TI Local and global statistics of clear-air Doppler radar signals SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE clear-air radars; turbulence; scattering theory ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; SPECULAR REFLECTION ECHOES; REFINED TURBULENCE THEORY; STRATIFIED MIXING LAYERS; VOLUME-IMAGING RADAR; HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBER AB A refined theoretical analysis of the clear-air Doppler radar (CDR) measurement process is presented. The refined theory builds on the Fresnel-approximated (as opposed to Fraunhofer-approximated) radio wave propagation theory, and turbulence statistics like locally averaged velocities, local velocity variances, local dissipation rates, and local structure parameters are allowed to vary randomly within the radar's sampling volume and during the dwell time. A local version of the moments theorem and the random Taylor hypothesis are used to derive first-principle formulations of all higher moments of the Doppler cross-spectrum. The mth moment is written as a convolution integral of a spectral sampling function and a generalized, mth-order refractive-index spectrum or, alternatively, as a convolution integral of a lag-space sampling function and a spatial cross-covariance function of the local refractive-index fluctuations and their local mth-order time derivatives. Closed-form expressions of the first three moments (i.e., m = 0, 1, 2) of the Doppler spectrum for the monostatic, single-signal case are derived. This refined theory, or "local sampling theory," enables one to correctly interpret CDR observations that are collected under conditions where the applicability of the traditional "global sampling theory" is questionable. The commonly used global sampling assumptions (Bragg-isotropy, homogeneity, and stationarity of all turbulence statistics within the sampling volume and during the dwell time) may be invalid for small-scale intermittency in the mixed layer, for refractive-index sheets corrugated by gravity waves or instabilities, and for layered turbulence in the stably stratified atmosphere. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Muschinski, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway,R-ET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andreas.muschinski@noaa.gov NR 104 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 27 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1008 DI 10.1029/2003RS002908 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 772YQ UT WOS:000188870900005 ER PT J AU Clark, AM Williams, A Ruggiero, ST van den Berg, ML Ullom, JN AF Clark, AM Williams, A Ruggiero, ST van den Berg, ML Ullom, JN TI Practical electron-tunneling refrigerator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; JUNCTION; SPECTROMETER AB We demonstrate a thin-film, solid-state refrigerator based on the removal of hot electrons from a metal by quantum-mechanical tunneling. We have reduced the electronic temperature in a metal film from 260 to similar to130 mK. The base temperature of the device is predicted to increase to near 140 mK under a power load of 10 pW. Both the cooling power and temperature reduction of the refrigerator are well matched to practical applications. This refrigerator will make high-performance cryogenic photon sensors more accessible to the astronomical and analytical communities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Clark, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 4 BP 625 EP 627 DI 10.1063/1.1644326 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765XN UT WOS:000188316500057 ER PT J AU Nyden, MR Stoliarov, SI Westmoreland, PR Guo, ZX Jee, C AF Nyden, MR Stoliarov, SI Westmoreland, PR Guo, ZX Jee, C TI Applications of reactive molecular dynamics to the study of the thermal decomposition of polymers and nanoscale structures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON DE molecular dynamics; polymer decomposition; molecular structure; mesoscale simulation ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); DEGRADATION AB The application of quantum mechanics and molecular simulation methods can yield new insights into the thermal reactivity of large molecules and nanoscale structures. One example of this approach is reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) as implemented in a computer program, called MD(-)REACT. This program was developed for simulating thermal decomposition reactions in polymer-based materials. In this investigation, we perform reactive molecular dynamics simulations on the homologous series of vinyl polymers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and poly(isobutylene) (PIB). A general mechanism for the thermal decomposition of vinyl polymers is formulated on the basis of the results of these simulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. RP Nyden, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnyden@nist.gov RI Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009 OI Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2004 VL 365 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.060 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 762KZ UT WOS:000187972000017 ER PT J AU Jee, C Guo, ZX Nyden, MR AF Jee, C Guo, ZX Nyden, MR TI Study of thermal decomposition of a polyisobutylene binder by molecular dynamic simulations SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON DE molecular dynamics; polyisobutylene; thermal decomposition; debinding; slurry powder metallurgy ID VOLATILE OLIGOMERS; DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; WEIGHT; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; MELT AB Fugitive binders are a group of polymeric materials used in slurry powder-based manufacturing processes. These are often removed at an intermediate temperature before sintering of the powder per-form. Complete removal of binders is usually essential to ensure high quality components after sintering. This requires a clear understanding of the decomposition mechanisms of binders. Polyisobutylene (PIB) is a promising binder for the fabrication of titanium matrix composites via slurry powder metallurgy. Here, the thermal decomposition mechanisms of PIB were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) to determine the decomposition mechanisms and the optimum debinding conditions. A MD code, MD-REACT, was used to simulate chemical reactions such as bond breaking and forming during the simulation. This code is coupled with a commercially available MD package (Discover95). The current model consists of a single chain PIB simulated at different temperatures for 5 ps to investigate the influence of temperature on the degradation behaviour and the yield of volatile species. Interactions of degraded products were also analysed. Likely degradation products from PIB were identified and compared with experimental findings from mass spectrometry analyses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, ZX (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Dept Mat, Mile End Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM x.guo@qmul.ac.uk RI Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009 OI Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2004 VL 365 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.015 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 762KZ UT WOS:000187972000018 ER PT J AU Gurney, KR Law, RM Denning, AS Rayner, PJ Pak, BC Baker, D Bousquet, P Bruhwiler, L Chen, YH Ciais, P Fung, IY Heimann, M John, J Maki, T Maksyutov, S Peylin, P Prather, M Taguchi, S AF Gurney, KR Law, RM Denning, AS Rayner, PJ Pak, BC Baker, D Bousquet, P Bruhwiler, L Chen, YH Ciais, P Fung, IY Heimann, M John, J Maki, T Maksyutov, S Peylin, P Prather, M Taguchi, S TI Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon transport; inversion ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS; TRANSPORT; DIOXIDE; SENSITIVITY; DELTA-C-13; CYCLE; LAND AB The TransCom 3 experiment was begun to explore the estimation of carbon sources and sinks via the inversion of simulated tracer transport. We build upon previous TransCom work by presenting the seasonal inverse results which provide estimates of carbon flux for 11 land and 11 ocean regions using 12 atmospheric transport models. The monthly fluxes represent the mean seasonal cycle for the 1992 to 1996 time period. The spread among the model results is larger than the average of their estimated flux uncertainty in the northern extratropics and vice versa in the tropical regions. In the northern land regions, the model spread is largest during the growing season. Compared to a seasonally balanced biosphere prior flux generated by the CASA model, we find significant changes to the carbon exchange in the European region with greater growing season net uptake which persists into the fall months. Both Boreal North America and Boreal Asia show lessened net uptake at the onset of the growing season with Boreal Asia also exhibiting greater peak growing season net uptake. Temperate Asia shows a dramatic springward shift in the peak timing of growing season net uptake relative to the neutral CASA flux while Temperate North America exhibits a broad flattening of the seasonal cycle. In most of the ocean regions, the inverse fluxes exhibit much greater seasonality than that implied by the DeltapCO(2) derived fluxes though this may be due, in part, to misallocation of adjacent land flux. In the Southern Ocean, the austral spring and fall exhibits much less carbon uptake than implied by DeltapCO2 derived fluxes. Sensitivity testing indicates that the inverse estimates are not overly influenced by the prior flux choices. Considerable agreement exists between the model mean, annual mean results of this study and that of the previously published TransCom annual mean inversion. The differences that do exist are in poorly constrained regions and tend to exhibit compensatory fluxes in order to match the global mass constraint. The differences between the estimated fluxes and the prior model over the northern land regions could be due to the prior model respiration response to temperature. Significant phase differences, such as that in the Temperate Asia region, may be due to the limited observations for that region. Finally, differences in the boreal land regions between the prior model and the estimated fluxes may be a reflection of the timing of spring thaw and an imbalance in respiration versus photosynthesis. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3165, Australia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Observ Dept, Div Atmospher Environm,Qual Assurance Sect, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Inst Global Change Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. RP Gurney, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM keving@atmos.colostate.edu; rachel.law@csiro.au; denning@atmos.colostate.edu; peter.rayner@csiro.au; bpak@halo.s.uci.edu RI Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Pak, Bernard/F-4326-2015; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; Pak, Bernard/0000-0002-2137-8171; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 NR 32 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN 24 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 AR GB1010 DI 10.1029/2003GB002111 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 769WD UT WOS:000188672000001 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KB Charbit, S Kageyama, M Philippon, G Ramstein, G Ritz, C Yin, JH Lohmann, G Lorenz, SJ Khodri, M AF Rodgers, KB Charbit, S Kageyama, M Philippon, G Ramstein, G Ritz, C Yin, JH Lohmann, G Lorenz, SJ Khodri, M TI Sensitivity of Northern Hemispheric continental ice sheets to tropical SST during deglaciation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE AB A thermomechanical ice sheet model ( ISM) is used to investigate the sensitivity of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations during deglaciation. The ISM is driven by surface temperature and precipitation fields from three different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). For each AGCM, the responses in temperature and precipitation over the ice sheets nearly compensate, such that ice sheet mass balance is not strongly sensitive to tropical SST boundary conditions. It was also found that there is significant variation in the response of the ISM to the different AGCM output fields. C1 IPSL, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, M&D Grp, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Rodgers, KB (reprint author), LODYC, Paris 05, France. EM rodgers@lodyc.jussieu.fr; charbit@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; masa@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; philippon@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; ramstin@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; catritz@glaciog.ujf-grenoble.fr; jeffrey.yin@noaa.gov; gerrit.lohmann@dkrz.de; lorenz@dkrz.de; khodri@ldeo.columbia.edu RI KAGEYAMA, Masa/F-2389-2010; Ramstein, Gilles/L-3328-2014; Khodri, Myriam/K-1399-2016 OI KAGEYAMA, Masa/0000-0003-0822-5880; Ramstein, Gilles/0000-0002-1522-917X; Khodri, Myriam/0000-0003-1941-1646 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 AR L02206 DI 10.1029/2003GL018375 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 769WA UT WOS:000188671700002 ER PT J AU Gibson, EA Paul, A Wagner, N Tobey, R Backus, S Christov, IP Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Gibson, EA Paul, A Wagner, N Tobey, R Backus, S Christov, IP Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC TI High-order harmonic generation up to 250 eV from highly ionized argon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-MATCHED GENERATION; SOFT X-RAYS; LASER-PULSES; RARE-GASES; IONIZATION; CONVERSION; RADIATION; BARRIER; FIELD; IONS AB We demonstrate the generation of very high-order harmonics, up to 250 eV, using argon gas. This extends by 100 eV the highest harmonics previously observed using Ar and exceeds the energies observed using any other medium besides helium. This advance is made possible by using a waveguide geometry to limit plasma-induced laser beam defocusing, making it possible to generate high harmonics from Ar ions. This work shows that high harmonic emission from ions can extend laser-based coherent up-conversion into the soft x-ray region of the spectrum. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gibson, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Christov, Ivan/D-4446-2014 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Christov, Ivan/0000-0002-9146-6708 NR 25 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 3 AR 033001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.033001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 766TZ UT WOS:000188392800018 PM 14753868 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Popp, PJ Fahey, DW Marcy, TP Herman, RL Weinstock, EM Baumgardner, DG Garrett, TJ Rosenlof, KH Thompson, TL Bui, PT Ridley, BA Wofsy, SC Toon, OB Tolbert, MA Karcher, B Peter, T Hudson, PK Weinheimer, AJ Heymsfield, AJ AF Gao, RS Popp, PJ Fahey, DW Marcy, TP Herman, RL Weinstock, EM Baumgardner, DG Garrett, TJ Rosenlof, KH Thompson, TL Bui, PT Ridley, BA Wofsy, SC Toon, OB Tolbert, MA Karcher, B Peter, T Hudson, PK Weinheimer, AJ Heymsfield, AJ TI Evidence that nitric acid increases relative humidity in low-temperature cirrus clouds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ICE PARTICLES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; FREEZING RESISTANCE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; VAPOR GROWTH; HNO3; STRATOSPHERE; NUCLEATION; ADSORPTION AB In situ measurements of the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) and of nitric acid (HNO3) were made in both natural and contrail cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere. At temperatures lower than 202 kelvin, RHi values show a sharp increase to average values of over 130% in both cloud types. These enhanced RHi values are attributed to the presence of a new class of HNO3-containing ice particles (Delta-ice). We propose that surface HNO3 molecules prevent the ice/vapor system from reaching equilibrium by a mechanism similar to that of freezing point depression by antifreeze proteins. Delta-ice represents a new link between global climate and natural and anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions. Including Delta-ice in climate models will alter simulated cirrus properties and the distribution of upper tropospheric water vapor. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Univ, Atmospher Res Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Wessling, Germany. ETH, Lab Atmospharenphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rgao@al.noaa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Karcher, Bernd/D-5325-2014; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Karcher, Bernd/0000-0003-0278-4980; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 62 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 23 PY 2004 VL 303 IS 5657 BP 516 EP 520 DI 10.1126/science.1091255 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 765XM UT WOS:000188316400036 PM 14739457 ER PT J AU Aydin, M Saltzman, ES De Bruyn, WJ Montzka, SA Butler, JH Battle, M AF Aydin, M Saltzman, ES De Bruyn, WJ Montzka, SA Butler, JH Battle, M TI Atmospheric variability of methyl chloride during the last 300 years from an Antarctic ice core and firn air SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS INVENTORY; REACTIVE CHLORINE; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HALOCARBONS; CENTURIES; GREENLAND; RECORD; GASES AB Measurements of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in Antarctic polar ice and firn air are used to describe the variability of atmospheric CH3Cl during the past 300 years. Firn air results from South Pole and Siple Dome suggest that the atmospheric abundance of CH3Cl increased by about 10% in the 50 years prior to 1990. Ice core measurements from Siple Dome provide evidence for a cyclic natural variability on the order of 10%, with a period of about 110 years in phase with the 20th century rise inferred from firn air. Thus, the CH3Cl increase measured in firn air may largely be a result of natural processes, which may continue to affect the atmospheric CH3Cl burden during the 21st century. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Aydin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM maydin@uci.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 AR L02109 DI 10.1029/2003GL018750 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 769VY UT WOS:000188671500002 ER PT J AU Solomon, S AF Solomon, S TI The hole truth - What's news (and what's not) about the ozone hole. SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CFC-11 C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 22 PY 2004 VL 427 IS 6972 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1038/427289a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 765KE UT WOS:000188266200017 PM 14737143 ER PT J AU Doviak, RJ Zhang, GF Cohn, SA Brown, WOJ AF Doviak, RJ Zhang, GF Cohn, SA Brown, WOJ TI Comparison of spaced-antenna baseline wind estimators: Theoretical and simulated results SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FULL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; MU-RADAR; CROSS CORRELATIONS; ESTIMATION ERRORS; PROFILER; TURBULENCE; SPECTRA AB Formulas for the theoretical precision of cross-beam winds measured with spaced-antenna profilers are developed and compared with results obtained from simulations for conditions of high signal-to-noise-ratios. These formulas relate the precision of wind measurement to radar and atmospheric parameters. Formulas for Briggs' Full Correlation Analysis, the Intersection method, and the Slope-at-Zero-Lag method are each presented for two implementations-estimating parameters for assumed Gaussian shaped correlation functions, and a direct finite difference method where this assumption is not necessary. For each wind measurement method and implementation, these formulas are used to evaluate, as an example, the theoretical performance of MAPR, NCAR's 915 MHz, Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar. The theory is also compared with the standard error obtained from simulations presented by Kawano et al. [2002] for the MU radar in Shigaraki, Japan. Comparisons show that the Intersection and Briggs' FCA methods are identical and provide the best performance. C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Program, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Doviak, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dick.doviak@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1006 DI 10.1029/2003RS002931 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 769XA UT WOS:000188674000003 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Neumann, DA Leao, J Brown, CM AF Udovic, TJ Neumann, DA Leao, J Brown, CM TI Origin and removal of spurious background peaks in vibrational spectra measured by filter-analyzer neutron spectrometers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beryllium filter; bismuth filter; lead filter; neutron scattering; total cross section; vibrational spectroscopy ID PB; BERYLLIUM; HYDROGEN; BI AB Inelastic neutron scattering is an invaluable technique for measuring the vibrational spectra of materials. One of the standard methods for analyzing the energies of neutrons scattered by vibrational modes involves the use of polycrystalline beryllium filters. Here, we demonstrate that the spurious background features between 50 and 85 meV accompanying vibrational spectra measured with filter-analyzer neutron spectrometers are due to phonon excitations of the beryllium filter. These features are significantly reduced by an auxiliary polycrystalline bismuth filter placed in front of the main filter. Such a bismuth filter can result in only a minor attenuation in sample scattering intensity concomitant with a reduction in the thermal- and fast-neutron background from the sample. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM udovic@nist.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 21 PY 2004 VL 517 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.083 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 767ZJ UT WOS:000188503500017 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Ehrman, SH Mulholland, GW Germer, TA AF Kim, JH Ehrman, SH Mulholland, GW Germer, TA TI Polarized light scattering by dielectric and metallic spheres on oxidized silicon surfaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE SOURCES METHOD; PLANE SURFACE; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; FEATURES; MODELS AB The polarization and intensity of light scattered by polystyrene latex and copper spheres with diameters of approximately 100 nm deposited onto silicon substrates containing various thicknesses of oxide films were measured with 532-nm light. The results are compared with a theory for scattering by a sphere on a surface, originally developed by others [Physica A 137, 209 (1986)] and extended to include coatings on the substrate. Nonlinear least-squares fits of the theory to the observations yield results that were consistent with differential mobility measurements of the particle diameter. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Opt Technol Div, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Fire Res Div, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.germer@nist.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1364/AO.43.000585 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 764FL UT WOS:000188196700009 PM 14765917 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Karovska, M AF Wood, BE Karovska, M TI Molecular hydrogen emission lines in Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of Mira B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (o Ceti); ultraviolet : stars ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; H-2 EMISSION; T-TAURI; EVOLVED STARS; BAND SYSTEM; MASS-LOSS; SPECTRUM; CETI; COMPANION; VARIABLES AB We present new Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) observations of Mira A's wind-accreting companion star, Mira B. We find that the strongest lines in the FUSE spectrum are H-2 lines fluoresced by H I Lyalpha. A previously analyzed Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectrum also shows numerous Lyalpha-fluoresced H-2 lines. The HST lines are all Lyman band lines, while the FUSE H-2 lines are mostly Werner band lines, many of them never before identified in an astrophysical spectrum. We combine the FUSE and HST data to refine estimates of the physical properties of the emitting H-2 gas. We find that the emission can be reproduced by an H-2 layer with a temperature and column density of T = 3900 K and log N(H-2) = 17: 1, respectively. Another similarity between the HST and FUSE data, besides the prevalence of H-2 emission, is the surprising weakness of the continuum and high-temperature emission lines, suggesting that accretion onto Mira B has weakened dramatically. The UV fluxes observed by HST on 1999 August 2 were previously reported to be over an order of magnitude lower than those observed by HST and the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) from 1979-1995. Analysis of the FUSE data reveals that Mira B was still in a similarly low state on 2001 November 22. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woodb@origins.colorado.edu; mkarovska@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 601 IS 1 BP 502 EP 511 DI 10.1086/380197 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NX UT WOS:000188657600044 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JB Curtius, J Ravishankara, AR Lovejoy, ER AF Burkholder, JB Curtius, J Ravishankara, AR Lovejoy, ER TI Laboratory studies of the homogeneous nucleation of iodine oxides SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; INDUCED AEROSOL FORMATION; PARTICLE FORMATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; H2O-H2SO4 SYSTEM; IO; KINETICS; PRODUCTS; COASTAL AB Laboratory experimental results of iodine oxide nucleation are presented. Nucleation was induced following UV photolysis of CF3I or CH2I2 in the presence of excess ozone. Measurements were performed in a 70 L Teflon reactor with new particles detected using an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter, UCPC. The experimental results are interpreted using a coupled chemical - aerosol model to derive model parameters assuming single component homogeneous nucleation of OIO. The aerosol model results have been applied in an atmospheric box-model to interpret the possible implications of iodine oxide nucleation in the marine boundary layer. The model calculations demonstrate that IO and OIO concentrations reported in recent field measurements using long path absorption (Allan et al., 2000, 2001) are not sufficient to account for significant aerosol production either in the coastal or open ocean marine boundary layer using the mechanism presented. We demonstrate that inhomogeneous sources of iodine oxides, i.e. "hot" spots with elevated iodine species emissions, could account for the aerosol production bursts observed in the coastal region near Mace Head, Ireland. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burk@al.noaa.gov RI Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; NR 32 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 10 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 19 EP 34 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 771FN UT WOS:000188775100002 ER PT J AU Ladner, JE Parsons, JF Rife, CL Gilliland, GL Armstrong, RN AF Ladner, JE Parsons, JF Rife, CL Gilliland, GL Armstrong, RN TI Parallel evolutionary pathways for glutathione transferases: Structure and mechanism of the mitochondrial class kappa enzyme rGSTK1-1 SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; S-TRANSFERASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERFAMILY; SIMILARITY; DISULFIDE; PROTEINS AB The class kappa glutathione (GSH) transferase is an enzyme that resides in the mitochondrial matrix. Its relationship to members of the canonical GSH transferase superfamily has remained an enigma. The three-dimensional structure of the class kappa enzyme from rat (rGSTK1-1) in complex with GSH has been solved by single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering at a resolution of 2.5 A. The structure reveals that the enzyme is more closely related to the protein disulfide bond isomerase, dsbA, from Escherichia coli than it is to members of the canonical superfamily. The structures of rGSTK1-1 and the canonical superfamily members indicate that the proteins folds have diverged from a common thioredoxin/glutaredoxin progenitor but did so by different mechanisms. The mitochondrial enzyme, therefore, represents a fourth protein superfamily that supports GSH transferase activity. The thioredoxin domain functions in a manner that is similar to that seen in the canonical enzymes by providing key structural elements for the recognition of GSH. The hydroxyl group of S16 is within hydrogen-bonding distance of the sulfur of bound GSH and is, in part, responsible for the ionization of the thiol in the E.GSH complex (pK(a) = 6.4 +/- 0.1). Preequilibrium kinetic experiments indicate that the k(on) for GSH is 1 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) and k(off) for GS(-) is similar to8 s(-1) and relatively slow with respect to turnover with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). As a result, the K-M(GSH) (I I mM) is much larger than the apparent K-d(GSH) (go muM). The active site has a relatively open access channel that is flanked by disordered loops that may explain the relatively high turnover number (280 s(-1) at pH 7.0) toward CDNB. The disordered loops form an extensive contiguous patch on one face of the dimeric enzyme, a fact that suggests that the protein surface may interact with a membrane or other protein partner. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Armstrong, RN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM r.armstrong@vanderbilt.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR07707]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES00267, T32 ES07028]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM30910, T32 GM08320] NR 38 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1021/bi035832z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763RH UT WOS:000188113900008 PM 14717589 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Dubovik, O Smirnov, A Holben, BN Sapper, J Pietras, C Voss, KJ Frouin, R AF Zhao, TXP Dubovik, O Smirnov, A Holben, BN Sapper, J Pietras, C Voss, KJ Frouin, R TI Regional evaluation of an advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; retrieval; validation ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOLAR SPECTRUM; COMPLEX INDEX; NOAA-AVHRR; DUST; SATELLITE AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aerosol optical thickness retrieval over the ocean is one of the two existing sources of long-term global satellite aerosol measurements ( Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol data set is the other). To make this 20-year historical data more useful for climate studies, the quality of the data ( or the performance of the retrieval algorithm) has to be systematically evaluated. In this paper, as a continuation of our previous global validation effort, we present regional validation results for an AVHRR independent two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm by comparing the retrievals with observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The bias and the random errors of the retrieval algorithm applied to NOAA14/ AVHRR observations were determined and documented for key aerosol types ( including biomass-burning, urban/industrial, desert dust, and marine). As a by-product of the validation, effective refractive indexes of the key aerosol types were also statistically determined through sensitivity analysis. The global and regional validations indicate that the new independent two-channel algorithm ( with a globally unified aerosol model) performs well in the sense of the global mean. However, improvements are necessary to make the retrieval sensitive to aerosol types and to capture aerosol regional variations. The results will facilitate the utilization of long-term AVHRR aerosol products in climate studies and will provide guidance for improving aerosol retrievals from future NOAA satellite instruments. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM xuepeng.zhao@noaa.gov RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D2 AR D02204 DI 10.1029/2003JD003817 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 769WE UT WOS:000188672100004 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Lowell, RP Resing, JA Feely, RA Embley, RW Massoth, GJ Walker, SL AF Baker, ET Lowell, RP Resing, JA Feely, RA Embley, RW Massoth, GJ Walker, SL TI Decay of hydrothermal output following the 1998 seafloor eruption at Axial Volcano: Observations and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; volcanic eruption; Juan de Fuca Ridge ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CLEFT SEGMENT; EARTHQUAKE SWARM; TIME-SERIES; EVENT; PLUMES; HEAT; SEAMOUNT AB [1] Observations of the decay of heat and particle discharge following the reinvigoration of a hydrothermal field by a dike intrusion and eruption can provide insights about subsurface hydrothermal circulation. In January 1998, a lava eruption at the summit of Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, created numerous new vents along a 5-km length of the caldera boundary. Five cruises over the next 3.5 years found the inventory of hydrothermal heat and particles ( determined by optical backscattering) in the overlying plume decaying as time t(-0.9). These results are consistent with the 1993 CoAxial eruption, where the heat flux decayed as similar tot(-1.2) and similar tot(-0.7) at the Flow and Floc sites, respectively. All three eruption sites decayed significantly faster than t(-0.5), the rate attributable to cooling only by simple conduction through the impermeable layer separating magma from hydrothermal circulation. We present a more realistic model of hydrothermal cooling that adds conductive heat loss by ascending fluid to the surrounding rock walls, increasing the theoretical loss rate to t(-0.75). We suggest that variability in the observed decay rates are not sampling variations but reflect real differences in the local heat supply and cooling processes. The decay rate was slowest, and matched our model result, where no seafloor eruption occurred and a long-lasting heat source was likely present ( Floc). The rate was fastest where a shallow source erupted a thick lava pavement ( Flow). The Axial eruption, where a substantial magma chamber emplaced only a thin sheet flow, may be intermediate between these extremes. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM baker@pmel.noaa.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B1 AR B01205 DI 10.1029/2003JB002618 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769WQ UT WOS:000188673100002 ER PT J AU Smith, Z Murtagh, W Smithtro, C AF Smith, Z Murtagh, W Smithtro, C TI Relationship between solar wind low-energy energetic ion enhancements and large geomagnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar wind energetic ions; geomagnetic storms; predictions; space weather; interplanetary shocks ID EJECTION-DRIVEN SHOCKS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; STREAM INTERFACES; ORIGIN; HELIOSPHERE; EFFICIENCY; EVENTS AB [1] It is well established that energetic ion enhancements ( an energetic ion enhancement will hereafter be referred to as an EIE) are partly due to acceleration by interplanetary shocks as the shocks propagate towards Earth and that arrivals of these shocks at Earth are well associated with geomagnetic storms. The observation of EIEs at satellites located at L1 is a potential tool for predicting the arrival of interplanetary shocks hours before they arrive at L1. Following an earlier study using WIND satellite data [ Smith and Zwickl, 1999], we evaluate the potential of EIEs for forecasting geomagnetic storms during the period of February 1998 through December 2000. Since there are many more EIEs than large geomagnetic storms, additional associations that might improve the identification of precursors of large storms were investigated. These included probable solar sources, accompanying interplanetary shocks, and the shocks' interplanetary drivers. Solar images and data from the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE) and WIND satellites were used. The Potsdam Kp was used to specify geomagnetic storm severity. Almost all large geomagnetic storms ( Kp greater than or equal to 7) in this time period were preceded by EIEs that were associated with shocks driven by transient interplanetary disturbances. The converse is not true. Although most transient-associated EIEs were followed by some geomagnetic activity, there is a large span in the response. Most (95%) of EIEs with maximum flux greater than or equal to 1.10(5) pfu were followed by activity with Kp > 4 and 80% by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5. For a threshold of 3.10(5) pfu, 67% of the large storms would be identified, 89% of the EIEs were followed by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5, and 53% by large storms ( Kp greater than or equal to 7). Using the additional information on the interplanetary drivers results in an increase in the correctly predicted events from 53% to 61%. For a threshold of 1.10(6) pfu, all (100%) EIEs were followed by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5, 76% of the events were correctly predicted but 16 of the 30 large storms were missed. Most of the EIEs were followed by significant periods of southward Bz and in close to 70% of the EIEs, the Bz following the EIE was first northward before turning southward. We also investigated the relationship of the EIEs to halo or partial-halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and found that EIE events associated with halo CMEs are more likely to be followed by a large geomagnetic storm, but a lack of halo or partial-halo CME association does not preclude the occurrence of a large geomagnetic storm. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; william.murtagh@noaa.gov; smithtro@cc.usu.edu RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01110 DI 10.1029/2003JA010044 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769WV UT WOS:000188673500005 ER PT J AU Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Bauer, BJ AF Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Bauer, BJ TI Characterization of nanoporous low-k thin films by small-angle neutron scattering contrast variation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CLOSED POROSITY; MONITOR AB Small-angle neutron scattering contrast variation is applied to characterization of nanoporous low-dielectric constant (low-k) thin films. Films are exposed to saturated solvent vapor in air, whereby the pores fill with liquid by capillary condensation. The pores are filled with mixtures of hydrogen- and deuterium-containing solvents to vary the neutron contrast with the matrix (wall). The composition of the solvent mixture is systematically varied to identify a composition that minimizes the scattered intensity (contrast match point). From the contrast match point composition, film characteristics including matrix density and homogeneity are assessed. Four spin-on low-k materials including a methylsilsesquioxane, an organic polymer, a xerogel, and a hydrogensilsesquioxane are characterized by the new technique. Calculated matrix mass densities are compared to independent density measurements obtained by an established specular X-ray reflectivity technique. We find no evidence of "closed pores", defined here as pores inaccessible to the probe solvent, in any of the materials studied. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hedden, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hedden@matse.psu.edu RI Hedden, Ronald/M-3909-2014 OI Hedden, Ronald/0000-0003-3571-1403 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1021/la035384w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 764RV UT WOS:000188220600023 PM 15743086 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MEAN FREE PATHS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ENERGY CALIBRATION; NORMAL-ALKANETHIOLS; SURFACE SCIENCE; SOLID-SURFACES; GOLD SURFACES AB We describe the use of self-assembled films of thiolated (dT)(25) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold as a model system for quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We evaluate the applicability of a uniform and homogeneous overlayer-substrate model for data analysis, examine model parameters used to describe DNA films (e.g., density and electron attenuation length), and validate the results. The model is used to obtain quantitative composition and coverage information as a function of immobilization time. We find that when the electron attenuation effects are properly included in the XPS data analysis, excellent agreement is obtained with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements for relative values of the DNA coverage, and the calculated absolute coverage is consistent with a previous radiolabeling study. Based on the effectiveness of the analysis procedure for model (dT)25 ssDNA films, it should be generally valid for direct quantitative comparison of DNA films prepared under widely varying conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 65 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1021/la034944o PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 764RV UT WOS:000188220600025 PM 15743088 ER PT J AU Burghard, Z Zimmermann, A Rodel, J Aldinger, F Lawn, BR AF Burghard, Z Zimmermann, A Rodel, J Aldinger, F Lawn, BR TI Crack opening profiles of indentation cracks in normal and anomalous glasses SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE indentation toughness; crack-opening displacement; anomalous glass; residual stress ID MEASURING FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; R-CURVES; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; STRESSES; STRENGTH; SHARP AB A comparative Vickers indentation study is made of two glasses, soda-lime and borosilicate. Indentations in the two glasses reveal substantially shorter radial cracks in the borosilicate, even though toughness values measured by conventional (double-cantilever beam) methods are similar in the two glasses. Here, indentation toughness is measured in two ways: by optical measurement of the indentation crack lengths (ICL) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement of crack-opening displacements (COD) in the near-crack-tip regions. The ICL measurements indicate artificially high values for the borosilicate relative to the soda-lime, consistent with previously documented indentation results. The COD measurements indicate similar values for the two glasses, in line with expectations from the independent determinations. In the case of soda-lime glass, the COD and ICL values are mutually consistent. In the case of borosilicate, the COD and ICL values differ widely, indicating "anomalous" indentation behavior, typical of glasses with open, network-former structures. It is concluded that the COD route provides more reliable evaluations of intrinsic toughness, albeit at some expense in experimental simplicity. Residual elastic-plastic contact stresses responsible for driving the radial cracks, de-convoluted from COD measurements over the entire radial crack lengths, are shown to be significantly smaller in the borosilicate relative to soda-lime, indicative of a compaction rather than volume-conserving contact deformation mode. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Pulvermet Lab, Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Nichtmet Anorgan Mat, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mat Wissensch, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Brian.lawn@nist.gov NR 22 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.014 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 768NY UT WOS:000188550100004 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Nakamura, Y Tsai, JS AF Watanabe, M Nakamura, Y Tsai, JS TI Circuit with small-capacitance high-quality Nb Josephson junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS; FABRICATION AB We have developed a fabrication process for nanoscale tunnel junctions which includes focused-ion-beam etching from different directions. By applying the process to a Nb/(Al-)Al2O3/Nb trilayer, we have fabricated a Nb single-electron transistor (SET), and characterized the SET at low temperatures, T=0.04-40 K. The superconducting gap energy and the transition temperature of the Nb SET agree with the bulk values, which suggests high quality Nb junctions. The single-electron charging energy of the SET is estimated to be larger than 1 K. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 RIKEN, Frontier Res Syst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NEC Fundamental Res Labs, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058501, Japan. RP Watanabe, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div 817, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM watanabe@boulder.nist.gov RI Nakamura, Yasunobu/H-1300-2012; Tsai, Jaw-Shen/I-7813-2012 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 3 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1063/1.1640798 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763RM UT WOS:000188114300034 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Islam, MF Wang, H Ho, DL Yodh, AG Winey, KI Fischer, JE AF Zhou, W Islam, MF Wang, H Ho, DL Yodh, AG Winey, KI Fischer, JE TI Small angle neutron scattering from single-wall carbon nanotube suspensions: evidence for isolated rigid rods and rod networks SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; MODULUS AB We report small angle neutron scattering (SANS) from dilute suspensions of purified individual single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in D2O with added sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ionic surfactant. The scattered intensity scales as Q(-1) for scattered wave vector, Q, in the range 0.005 < Q < 0.02 Angstrom(-1). The Q(-1) behavior is characteristic of isolated rigid rods. A crossover of the scattered intensity power law dependence from Q(-1) to Q(-2) is observed at similar to0.004 Angstrom(-1), suggesting the SWNTs form a loose network at 0.1 wt% with a mesh size of similar to160 nm. SANS profiles from several other dispersions of SWNTs do not exhibit isolated rigid rod behavior; evidently the SWNTs in these systems are not isolated and form aggregates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fischer, JE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM fischer@lrsm.upenn.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Islam, Mohammad/B-7211-2011 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Islam, Mohammad/0000-0001-9253-3709 NR 15 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.106 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 765QK UT WOS:000188294800035 ER PT J AU Lehman, SY Bertness, KA Hodges, JT AF Lehman, SY Bertness, KA Hodges, JT TI Optimal spectral region for real-time monitoring of sub-ppm levels of water in phosphine by cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE cavity ring-down spectroscopy; impurities; molecular beam epitaxy; phosphides; semiconducting aluminum compounds semiconducting III-V materials ID VAPOR SPECTRUM; LINE DATABASE; CM(-1) AB We have utilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to characterize the pressure and carrier gas effects on the shape of a water absorption line. The half-width at half-maximum pressure-broadening coefficient for the water line at 10687.36 cm(-1) was measured to be 58 +/- 6 MHz kPa(-1) (0.20 +/- 0.02 cm(-1) atm(-1)) for water in phosphine (PH3). This value is twice as large as the pressure-broadening coefficient for the same absorption transition in the case of water in air. Strong interference from neighboring PH3 lines limits the sensitivity of the system in the region of this absorption line. We have also characterized the spectral neighborhood of several other water absorption transitions for the water-PH3 system: these additional water-PH3 CRDS spectra are presented. We have identified the spectral region around the water line at 10667.76 cm(-1) as optimal for CRDS measurements of the water-PH3 system. Minimal interference from adjacent PH3 absorption transitions in this region enables high-sensitivity, real-time measurements of trace water in bulk PH;. Utilizing this water line, our CRDS apparatus has an estimated detection limit of 50 nmol mol(-1) HO in PH3. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mailcode 815-04,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; OI Lehman, Susan/0000-0003-4735-1417 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 261 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.11.013 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 767XW UT WOS:000188500000009 ER PT J AU Lupton, JE Pyle, DG Jenkins, WJ Greene, R Evans, L AF Lupton, JE Pyle, DG Jenkins, WJ Greene, R Evans, L TI Evidence for an extensive hydrothermal plume in the Tonga-Fiji region of the South Pacific SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; helium; pacific; Tonga; circulation; kermadec; information related to geographic region : Pacific Ocean; oceanography : biological and; chemical : hydrothermal systems; oceanography : physical : currents ID TERRESTRIAL PRIMORDIAL HELIUM; LAU BACK-ARC; EXCESS HE-3; MANTLE; OCEAN; SEA AB Several hydrographic stations in the vicinity of the Samoa Islands have He-3/He-4 above the regional background in the depth range of 1500-1800 m, indicating injection of mantle helium from a local hydrothermal source. The highest delta(He-3) = 43.4% was detected at 1726-m depth at 15.0degreesS, 173.1degreesW in the bathymetric gap between the Samoa Islands and the northern end of the Tonga-Kermadec Arc. The delta(He-3) profile at this station decreases to delta(He-3) = 26% at 2500-m depth. The relatively shallow depth of the maximum hydrothermal signal suggests a source different from the conventional Pacific basin helium plume centered at 2500 m that is carried westward from the East Pacific Rise. Stations to the west of this locality show a progressive decrease in the maximum delta(He-3) values in the depth range of 1480-1790 m out to 169degreesE. Stations east of the Tonga-Fiji region show lower He-3 values (<26%) at 1700 m and the profiles are dominated by a deeper maximum at 2500 m, presumably the distal traces of hydrothermal input from East Pacific Rise. This pattern in the He-3 distribution suggests that the 1700-m deep helium plume is carried in a northwesterly direction some 2000 km from its source near the northern end of the Tonga-Kermadec Arc. At this time very little is known about the source of this hydrothermal plume or the details of its areal extent. Numerous seamounts and rift zones in the region are possible hydrothermal sources for the plume. The summit crater of Vailulu'u, a young seamount at the eastern end of the Samoa chain, was recently discovered to be hydrothermally active at &SIM;600 m depth [Hart et al., 2000]. However this shallow hydrothermal field on Vailulu'u is an unlikely source for the deeper 1700-m signal. The most likely source would appear to be the extensional zones of the northern Lau Basin system, such as the Mangatolo Triple Junction. Just as the helium plume emanating from Lo'ihi has helped our understanding of the circulation near the Hawaiian Islands [Lupton, 1996], this helium plume in the Tonga-Fiji region has great potential for delineating circulation in this area of the south Pacific. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Chem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lupton, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov; pyled@hawaii.edu; wjenkins@whoi.edu; ronald.r.greene@noaa.gov; leigh.j.evans@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q01003 DI 10.1029/2003GC000607 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 765VZ UT WOS:000188306200002 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Horowitz, LW Levy, H Moxim, WJ AF Fan, SM Horowitz, LW Levy, H Moxim, WJ TI Impact of air pollution on wet deposition of mineral dust aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EROSION THRESHOLD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT; MODEL; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; PARTICLES; SULFATE AB [1] Mineral dust aerosols originating from arid regions are simulated in an atmospheric global chemical transport model. Based on model results and observations of dust concentration, we hypothesize that air pollution increases the scavenging of dust by producing high levels of readily soluble materials on the dust surface, which makes dust aerosols effective cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This implies that air pollution could have caused an increase of dust deposition to the coastal oceans of East Asia and a decrease by as much as 50% in the eastern North Pacific. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Songmiao.Fan@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 AR L02104 DI 10.1029/2003GL018501 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 765WE UT WOS:000188306700003 ER PT J AU Gillette, D Ono, D Richmond, K AF Gillette, D Ono, D Richmond, K TI A combined modeling and measurement technique for estimating windblown dust emissions at Owens (dry) Lake, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE dust; desertification; wind erosion ID THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITIES; WIND EROSION; MU-M; SALTATION BOMBARDMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOIL PARTICLES; VERTICAL FLUX; DESERT SOILS; MASS FLUX; SURFACE AB The problem of dust emissions from playa sources is an important one both in terms of human health and in terms of global dust issues, distribution of loess, and mineral cycling. A refined method of modeling atmospheric dust concentrations due to wind erosion was developed using real-time saltation flux measurements and ambient dust monitoring data at Owens Lake, California. This modeling method may have practical applications for modeling the atmospheric effects of wind erosion in other areas. Windblown dust from the Owens Lake bed often causes violations of federal air quality standards for particulate matter (PM(10)) that are the highest levels measured in the United States. The goal of this study was to locate dust source areas on the exposed lake bed, estimate their PM(10) emissions, and use air pollution modeling techniques to determine which areas caused or contributed to air quality violations. Previous research indicates that the vertical flux of PM(10) (F(a)) is generally proportional to the total horizontal saltation flux (q) for a given soil texture and surface condition. For this study, hourly PM(10) emissions were estimated using F(a) = K' x m(15), where m(15) is the measured sand flux at 15 cm above the surface, and K' was derived empirically by comparing air quality model predictions to monitored PM(10) concentrations. Hourly sand flux was measured at 135 sites (1 km spacing) on the lake bed, and PM(10) was monitored at six off-lake sites for a 30 month period. K' was found to change spatially and temporally over the sampling period. These changes appeared to be linked to different soil textures and to seasonal surface changes. K' values compared favorably with other F(a)/q values measured at Owens Lake using portable wind tunnel and micrometeorological methods. Hourly trends for the model-predicted PM(10) concentrations agreed well with monitored PM(10) concentrations. Dust production was estimated at 7.2 x 10(4) t of PM(10) for a 12 month period. A single storm accounted for 9% of the annual dust emissions at 6.5 x 10(3) t. The modeling results were used to identify 77 km(2) of dust-producing areas on the lake bed that will be controlled to attain the federal air quality standard for PM(10). C1 NOAA, Fluid Modeling Facil,Appl Modeling Res Branch, Atmospher Modeling Res Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Great Basin Unified Air Pollut Control Dist, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. MFG Inc, Lynnwood, WA 98036 USA. RP Gillette, D (reprint author), NOAA, Fluid Modeling Facil,Appl Modeling Res Branch, Atmospher Modeling Res Div, Air Resources Lab, MD-81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gillette.dale@epa.gov; duaneono@yahoo.com; ken.richmond@mfgenv.com NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F1 AR F01003 DI 10.1029/2003JF000025 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863MW UT WOS:000224567000002 ER PT J AU Garzoli, SL Ffield, A Johns, WE Yao, Q AF Garzoli, SL Ffield, A Johns, WE Yao, Q TI North Brazil Current retroflection and transports SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE North Brazil Current; meridional overturning circulation; interhemispheric exchanges ID WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CURRENT RINGS; UPPER-LAYER; EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; EDDIES; GENERATION; ALTIMETRY; PATHWAYS AB [1] A subset of data collected as a part of a larger program, the North Brazil Current Rings (NBCR) Experiment, is analyzed to study the variability of the transport of the North Brazil Current (NBC) and its relation with the shedding of rings. It is concluded that there is a direct relation between the latitude of penetration, the number of rings shed, and the intensity of the NBC. The data set consists of dynamic height time series derived from three inverted echo sounders and a shallow pressure gauge deployed along a section perpendicular to the South American coast between the continent and 7degreesN, and between 48degrees and 45degreesW. Velocity and hydrographic data collected during the NBCR cruises are also analyzed and used to validate the results. The 15-month mean transport of the NBC is 16 +/- 2 Sv. The 18-month mean of the retroflected southeastward flow is 22 +/- 2 Sv. Both flows display considerable variability. The retroflected southeast flow reaches its maximum value during September 1999, near the time when the climatological North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) reaches its maximum strength and it is minimum when the climatological NECC reverses or is not present in the basin. The mean difference between the NBC flow and the retroflected flow during August - December 1999 when the NECC is fully established is -7 Sv. The excess in the retroflected flow is due to North Atlantic water joining the retroflected flow from the South Atlantic. The combination of both flows constitutes the NECC. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM garzoli@aoml.noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01013 DI 10.1029/2003JC001775 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765WM UT WOS:000188307400001 ER PT J AU Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Russek, SE Silva, TJ AF Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Kaka, S Russek, SE Silva, TJ TI Direct-current induced dynamics in Co90Fe10/Ni80Fe20 point contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZED CURRENT; MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; EXCITATION; FILMS; DEPENDENCE; INJECTION; REVERSAL; DEVICES AB We have directly measured coherent high-frequency magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic films induced by a spin-polarized dc current. The precession frequency can be tuned over a range of several gigahertz by varying the applied current. The frequencies of excitation also vary with applied field, resulting in a microwave oscillator that can be tuned from below 5 to above 40 GHz. This novel method of inducing high-frequency dynamics yields oscillations having quality factors from 200 to 800. We compare our results with those from single-domain simulations of current-induced dynamics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rippard, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 33 TC 569 Z9 575 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 AR 027201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.027201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 764DP UT WOS:000188187100045 PM 14753964 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Bilitza, D AF Araujo-Pradere, EA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Bilitza, D TI Time Empirical Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) response in IRI2000 and challenges for empirical modeling in the future SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modeling; empirical modeling; geomagnetic storms; ionospheric storms; validation ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; THERMOSPHERE; VALIDATION AB IRI2000 [Bilitza, 2001] now contains a geomagnetic activity dependence based on the Time Empirical Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) [Araujo-Pradere and Fuller-Rowell, 2002; Araujo-Pradere et al., 2002]. The storm correction is driven by the previous time history of a(p) and is designed to scale the quiet time F layer critical frequency (f(o)F(2)) to account for storm-time changes in the ionosphere. The quality of the storm-time correction was recently evaluated by comparing the model with the observed ionospheric response during all the significant geomagnetic storms in 2000 and 2001. The model output was compared with the actual ionospheric response at 15 stations for each storm. These quantitative comparisons using statistical metrics showed that the model captures the decreases in electron density particularly well in summer and equinox conditions, but is not so good during winter conditions. To further assess the capabilities of the model, STORM has been compared in detail with observations during the Bastille Day storm in July 2000. This storm, considered to be on the extreme end of the statistical scale of storm magnitude, highlights two main areas were challenges remain for the empirical storm-time ionospheric model. The first is the rapid onset of the positive storm phase; the second is the regional composition changes that can affect one longitude sector at the expense of another for a particular storm. Both these challenges, although appreciated during the development of STORM, remain to be addressed. C1 NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), NOAA, SEC, 325 Broadway R-SEC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM araujo@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 16 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S24 DI 10.1029/2002RS002805 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 765XB UT WOS:000188308700001 ER PT J AU Shin, MG Kajigaya, S McCoy, JP Levin, BC Young, NS AF Shin, MG Kajigaya, S McCoy, JP Levin, BC Young, NS TI Marked mitochondrial DNA sequence heterogeneity in single CD34(+) cell clones from normal adult bone marrow SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CONTROL REGION; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES; MUTATIONS; VARIANT; HETEROPLASMY; GENOME; FREQUENCY; REVEALS; TISSUES; DISEASE AB Somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate with age in postmitotic tissues but have been postulated to be diluted and lost in continually proliferating tissues such as bone marrow (BM). Having observed marked sequence variation among healthy adult individuals' total BM cell mtDNA, we undertook analysis of the mtDNA control region in a total of 611 individual CD34(+) clones from 6 adult BM donors and comparison of these results with the sequences from 580 CD34(+) clones from 5 umbilical cord blood (CB) samples. On average, 25% (range, 11% to 50%) of individual CD34(+) clones from adult BM showed mtDNA heterogeneity, or sequence differences from the aggregate mtDNA sequence of total BM cells of the same individual. In contrast, only 1.6% of single CD34(+) clones from CB showed mtDNA sequence variation from the aggregate pattern. Thus, age-dependent accumulation of mtDNA mutations appears relatively common in a mitotically active human tissue and may provide a method to approximate the mutation rate in mammalian cells, to assess the contribution of reactive oxygen species to genomic instability, and for natural "marking" of hematopoietic stem cells; our data also have important implications for the aging process, forensic identifications, and anthropologic conclusions dependent on the mtDNA sequence. C1 NHLBI, Hematol Branch, Flow Cytometry Core Facil, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Young, NS (reprint author), NHLBI, Hematol Branch, Flow Cytometry Core Facil, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 7C103,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM youngn@nhlbi.nih.gov NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 103 IS 2 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1724 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 762CY UT WOS:000187954000037 PM 14504082 ER PT J AU Duchovic, RJ Volobuev, YL Lynch, GC Truhlar, DG Allison, TC Wagner, AF Garrett, BC Corchado, JC AF Duchovic, RJ Volobuev, YL Lynch, GC Truhlar, DG Allison, TC Wagner, AF Garrett, BC Corchado, JC TI POTLIB 2001: A potential energy surface library for chemical systems (vol 144, pg 169, 2002) SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Correction AB Program summary Program Title: POTLIB 2001, version 1.0 Catalogue identifier: ADPJ Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADPJ Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Theoret Chem Grp, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Fis, Badajoz 06071, Spain. RP Duchovic, RJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM duchovic@hilbert.ipfw.edu RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Corchado, Jose C./H-6053-2015 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Corchado, Jose C./0000-0002-8463-3168 NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 156 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(03)00434-X PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 766VH UT WOS:000188395800006 ER PT J AU Pipino, ACR Woodward, JT Meuse, CW Silin, V AF Pipino, ACR Woodward, JT Meuse, CW Silin, V TI Surface-plasmon-resonance-enhanced cavity ring-down detection SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL METAL PARTICLES; DISCONTINUOUS GOLD-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ISLAND FILMS; NM REGION; SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The cavity ring-down technique is used to probe the absolute optical response of the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of a gold nanoparticle distribution to adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) from the gas phase. Extended Mie theory for a coated sphere with a particle-size-dependent dielectric function is used to elucidate size-dispersion effects, the size-dependence of the SPR sensitivity to adsorption, and the kinetics of adsorption. An approximate Gaussian distribution of nanospheres with a mean diameter of 4.5 nm and a standard deviation of 1.1 nm, as determined by atomic force microscopy, is provided by the intrinsic granularity of an ultrathin, gold film, having a nominal thickness of approximate to0.18 nm. The cavity ring-down measurements employ a linear resonator with an intracavity flow cell, which is formed by a pair of ultrasmooth, fused-silica optical flats at Brewster's angle, where the Au film is present on a single flat. The total system intrinsic loss is dominated by the film extinction, while the angled flats alone contribute only approximate to5x10(-5)/flat to the total loss. Based on a relative ring-down time precision of 0.1% for ensembles averages of 25 laser shots from a pulsed optical parametric oscillator, the minimum detectable concentrations of PCE and TCE obtained by probing the SPR response are found to be 2 and 7x10(-8) mol/L, respectively, based on a 30 s integration time. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pipino, ACR (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.pipino@nist.gov NR 104 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1585 EP 1593 DI 10.1063/1.1629279 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 763JE UT WOS:000188081000053 PM 15268285 ER PT J AU Schaake, JC Duan, QY Koren, V Mitchell, KE Houser, PR Wood, EF Robock, A Lettenmaier, DP Lohmann, D Cosgrove, B Sheffield, J Luo, LF Higgins, RW Pinker, RT Tarpley, JD AF Schaake, JC Duan, QY Koren, V Mitchell, KE Houser, PR Wood, EF Robock, A Lettenmaier, DP Lohmann, D Cosgrove, B Sheffield, J Luo, LF Higgins, RW Pinker, RT Tarpley, JD TI An intercomparison of soil moisture fields in the North American land data assimilation system (NLDAS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; total water storage; land surface models ID MODEL; SCHEMES AB The multiple-agency/university North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project is designed to provide enhanced soil and temperature initial conditions for numerical weather/climate prediction models. Currently, four land surface models (LSMs) are running in NLDAS both in retrospective mode and in real-time mode. All LSMs are driven by the same meteorologic forcing data and are initiated at the same time with the same relative soil wetness. This study intercompares these NLDAS soil moisture fields with each other and with available observations. The total water storage and the storage variability range are the foci of the study. The mean statistical properties and the spatial variation of these soil moisture fields along with their temporal change are investigated. Model soil moisture fields are compared to soil moisture observations in Illinois. The storage variability range in Arkansas-Red River basin is validated against a water balance diagnostic analysis using historical precipitation and streamflow data. There is better agreement between observed and simulated ranges of water storage variability than between observed and simulated amounts of total water storage. Significant differences are found between NLDAS-simulated soil moisture fields from the different models. Total water storage is found to be highly model dependent. There is better agreement between models in the water total water storage range than in the model values of total water storage. Total water storage ranges agree best in humid areas where variation in water storage is strongly driven by variation in precipitation. In very dry areas, agreement between simulated water storage ranges is weak because model differences have as much influence on water storage range as climate variability in these areas. Finally, the spin-up properties of the models and relationships between water storage properties and climate are investigated. The results of this study should provide important insights into the similarities and differences of the four LSMs in NLDAS. Differences in NLDAS soil moisture fields pose challenges to land surface modelers who intend to use soil moisture field from one model to initialize another model. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climat Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Schaake, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D1 AR D01S90 DI 10.1029/2002JD003309 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 765WH UT WOS:000188307000001 ER PT J AU Marsh, AL Burnett, DJ Fischer, DA Gland, JL AF Marsh, AL Burnett, DJ Fischer, DA Gland, JL TI In-situ soft X-ray studies of toluene catalytic oxidation on the Pt(111) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; EXCITATION-SPECTRA; BENZENE; MECHANISMS; ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; PLATINUM; OXYGEN; CO; SPECTROSCOPY AB The catalytic oxidation of toluene on the Pt(111) surface has been characterized, in flowing oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Tort, using temperature-programmed fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES). During TP-FYNES oxidation experiments in flowing oxygen pressures, a dehydrogenated C7H7 eta(7)- phenylmethylene intermediate is formed over the 190 to 300 K temperature range. Spectroscopic (FYNES) measurements clearly indicate that C-H bond activation occurs at the methyl group and the aromatic ring remains parallel to the surface. In contrast to the intermediates formed during benzene oxidation, no rearrangement of the aromatic ring occurs, signifying that the methyl group influences the structure of intermediates formed during toluene oxidation. This eta(7)-phenylmethylene intermediate dominates over the 300-370 K temperature range, but is oxidized rapidly above 370 K. Strongly adsorbed eta(6)-toluene and the stable eta(7)-phenylmethylene intermediate inhibit oxidation below,370 K by inhibiting oxygen adsorption. A slight increase in the rate of rapid oxidation above 370 K is observed with increasing oxygen pressures over the range of 0.0005 to 0.01 Tort. Temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) indicates that the deep oxidation products on the Pt(111) surface are CO2 and H2O. This combination of in-situ soft X-ray and UHV methods has provided a detailed mechanistic description of toluene catalytic oxidation on the Pt(l 11) surface. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gland, JL (reprint author), 930 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gland@umich.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 2 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1021/jp0353035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 762CA UT WOS:000187951700016 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI Electron effective attenuation lengths in electron spectroscopies SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International School and Symposium onSynchrotron Radiation in Natural Science CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL USTRON JASZOWIEC, POLAND SP Polish Synchrotron Radiat Soc, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Crystallog, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, European Commiss Res Directorate Gen, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, JUMIS Co, State Comm Sci Res, Univ Silesia DE effective attenuation length; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Auger electron spectroscopy ID RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; CORRECTION PARAMETERS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; XPS; AES AB An important measure of the opacity of a solid with respect to monoenergetic electrons in a solid is the effective attenuation length (EAL). However, there is much controversy in the literature concerning the definition of this parameter. It has been shown recently that different quantitative applications of electron spectroscopies require EALs resulting from different expressions. In the present report, these expressions for typical applications of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy are briefly reviewed. The EALs needed for determination of overlayer thicknesses and for measurement of surface composition are compared for the same experimental configuration. These comparisons are made for selected photoelectron lines for which we expect strong electron elastic-scattering effects (Cu2s and Cu2P(3/2) in Cu and Au4s and Au4f(7/2) in Au). Substantial differences between EALs for these lines were found for the two applications. Synchrotron radiation can be used for experimental determination of the EAL values. These values can facilitate evaluation of the reliability of theoretical models used in calculations of EALs. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00558-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 757HP UT WOS:000187557200006 ER PT J AU Popov, G Lobanov, MV Tsiper, EV Greenblatt, M Caspi, EN Borissov, A Kiryukhin, V Lynn, JW AF Popov, G Lobanov, MV Tsiper, EV Greenblatt, M Caspi, EN Borissov, A Kiryukhin, V Lynn, JW TI Crystallographic and magnetic structure of the Sr2MnReO6 double perovskite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SR2FEMOO6; TRANSITION; CRYSTAL; PHASE AB The crystal and magnetic structure of the ordered double perovskite Sr2MnReO6 was investigated by neutron diffraction. Monoclinic (space group P2(1)/n) distortion of the parent cubic double perovskite structure was revealed, and the refined Mn-O-Re bond angles deviate significantly from 180degrees. The monoclinic distortion produces antisymmetric exchange interactions, leading to a canted magnetic structure, for which a possible model is proposed and refined. No structural transitions were observed upon cooling or in an external magnetic field. Complementary x-ray synchrotron diffraction data support the neutron diffraction findings. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Popov, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM greenblatt@rutchem.rutgers.edu RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 AR PII S0953-8984(04)67394-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/1/013 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 771TE UT WOS:000188801500014 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Reynolds, RW Smith, TM AF Zhang, HM Reynolds, RW Smith, TM TI Bias characteristics in the AVHRR sea surface temperature SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED SATELLITE; ALGORITHMS; RADIOMETER; ACCURACY; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB To provide possible means to improve future satellite SST retrieval algorithms and to provide data users with error information, spatiotemporal bias patterns in the 1982-2002 NOAA operational AVHRR SST were characterized. At the start of one (NOAA-14) satellite mission, typical global average biases were about -0.05degreesC, and gradually increased during the satellite mission. Normally global averages rarely exceeded 0.2degreesC, due to cancellation of larger biases of opposite signs in different regions. Biases were inhomogeneous and locally exceeded 0.5degreesC even in the 21-year time mean. Large irregular biases were due to stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions. Seasonal biases were strongly related to local weather phenomena, such as seasonal dust aerosols and cloud covers. The findings suggest that future satellite SST retrieval algorithms should be time and space dependent. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM huai-min.zhang@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 AR L01307 DI 10.1029/2003GL018804 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 765WB UT WOS:000188306400002 ER PT J AU Indrakanti, A Jones, RL Kumar, SK AF Indrakanti, A Jones, RL Kumar, SK TI Do "nonequilibrium" effects control strong surface segregation from polymer blends? SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PHASE-SEPARATION; MOBILITY; MIXTURES; TRANSITIONS; DIFFUSION; INTERFACE; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY; FILLER C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20234 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Kumar, SK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1021/ma035010+ PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 762LE UT WOS:000187972500003 ER PT J AU Svedberg, EB Mallett, JJ Ettedgui, H Gan, L Chen, PJ Shapiro, AJ Moffat, TP Egelhoff, WF AF Svedberg, EB Mallett, JJ Ettedgui, H Gan, L Chen, PJ Shapiro, AJ Moffat, TP Egelhoff, WF TI Resistance changes similar to ballistic magnetoresistance in electrodeposited nanocontacts SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL AB We have studied the behavior of electrodeposited Ni and Fe nanocontacts in magnetic fields and the changes in resistivity (DeltaR) that occur. Metallic particles suspended in plating solution, created and collected from the electroplating bath of a nanocontact that later exhibited high values of DeltaR/R, have been transferred to a second set of electrodes, in which similar high values of DeltaR/R were measured without any plating process being performed. We attribute this effect to a mechanical reorientation of magnetic nanoparticles at the junction between the electrodes as the field is close to zero, and relate this work to present work with ballistic magnetoresistance in nanocontacts. We also show that Fe whiskers brought in close contact can produce this effect as well. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Svedberg, EB (reprint author), Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM erik.b.svedberg@seagate.com NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1063/1.1639147 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300026 ER PT J AU McKinsey, DN Brome, CR Butterworth, JS Dzhosyuk, SN Golub, R Habicht, K Huffman, PR Mattoni, CEH Yang, L Doyle, JM AF McKinsey, DN Brome, CR Butterworth, JS Dzhosyuk, SN Golub, R Habicht, K Huffman, PR Mattoni, CEH Yang, L Doyle, JM TI Detecting ionizing radiation in liquid helium using wavelength shifting light collection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillation; liquid helium; neutron; wavelength shifter; extreme ultraviolet ID ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION-SPECTRUM; BOMBARDED SUPERFLUID-HELIUM; ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; SCINTILLATIONS; DECAY AB Detectors for counting low energy (less than 1 MeV) ionizing events in liquid helium are developed and characterized. These devices employ wavelength shifting fluors to convert extreme ultraviolet (EUV) helium scintillation light to the visible, allowing transport of signal light to room temperature. Three technological approaches are developed and tested: wavelength shifting fiber, composite acrylic tube, and diffuse reflecting tube of expanded teflon. The tube-based detectors have been used to detect magnetically trapped neutrons. All of the technological approaches have utility in other experiments, such as a more sensitive measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment and the monitoring of the low-energy solar neutrino flux. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McKinsey, DN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Washington Rd,Phys Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM daniel.mckinsey@yale.edu RI Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013; OI Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221; Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2004 VL 516 IS 2-3 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.152 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 763KC UT WOS:000188083200022 ER PT J AU Shull, JM Tumlinson, J Giroux, ML Kriss, GA Reimers, D AF Shull, JM Tumlinson, J Giroux, ML Kriss, GA Reimers, D TI The fluctuating intergalactic radiation field at redshifts z=2.3-2.9 from HeII and HI absorption toward HE 2347-4342 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines; ultraviolet : galaxies ID ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST; IONIZED HELIUM; CLUMPY UNIVERSE; QUASARS; REIONIZATION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION; Q0302-003 AB We provide an in-depth analysis of the He II and H I absorption in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshifts z = 2.3-2.9 toward HE 2347-4342, using spectra from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. Following up on our earlier study, we focus here on two major topics: (1) small-scale variability (Deltaz approximate to 10(-3)) in the ratio eta = N(He II)/N(H I) and (2) an observed correlation of high-eta absorbers ( soft radiation fields) with voids in the ( H I) Lyalpha distribution. These effects may reflect fluctuations in the ionizing sources on scales of 1 Mpc, together with radiative transfer through a filamentary IGM whose opacity variations control the penetration of 1 - 5 ryd radiation over 30 - 40 Mpc distances. Given the photon statistics and backgrounds, we can measure optical depths over the ranges 0.1 < tau(He II) < 2.3 and 0.02 < tau(H I) < 3.9 and reliably determine values of eta approximate to 4 tau(He II)/tau(H I) over the range 0.1 - 460. Values eta = 20-200 are consistent with models of photoionization by quasars with observed spectral indices alpha(s) = 0-3. Values eta > 200 may require additional contributions from starburst galaxies, heavily filtered quasar radiation, or density variations. Regions with eta < 30 may indicate the presence of local hard sources. We find that eta is higher in "void'' regions, where H I is weak or undetected and similar to 80% of the path length has eta > 100. These voids may be ionized by local soft sources (dwarf starbursts) or by QSO radiation softened by escape from the active galactic nucleus cores or transfer through the "cosmic web.'' The apparent differences in ionizing spectra may help to explain the 1.45 Gyr lag between the reionization epochs of H I (z(H I) similar to 6.2 +/- 0.2) and He II (z(He II) similar to 2.8 +/- 0.2). C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mshull@casa.colorado.edu; tumlinso@oddjob.uchicago.edu; giroux@polar.etsu.edu; gak@stsci.edu; dreimers@hs.uni-hamburg.de NR 37 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 2 BP 570 EP 579 DI 10.1086/379924 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NT UT WOS:000188657200007 ER PT J AU Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM AF Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM TI Thermal degradation studies of alkyl-imidazolium salts and their application in nanocomposites SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE imidazolium; salts; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; thermal stability; degradation ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; MONTMORILLONITE; FLAMMABILITY AB Increasing the thermal stability of organically-modified layered silicates is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites on the industrial scale. To circumvent the detrimental effect of the lower thermal stability of alkyl ammonium-treated montmorillonite, a series of alkyl-imidazolium molten salts were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA) and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS). The effect of counter ion, alkyl chain length and structural isomerism on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts was investigated. Alkyl-imidazolium-treated montmorillonite clays were prepared by ion exchange of the imidazolium salts with Na-montmorillonite. These organically-modified clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TDMS and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), and compared to the conventional quaternary alkyl ammonium montmorillonite. Results indicate that the counter ion has an effect on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts, and that imidazolium salts with PF6-, N(SO2CF3)(2)(-) and BF4- anions are thermally more stable than the halide salts. A relationship was observed between the chain length of the alkyl group and the thermo-oxidative stability; as the chain length increased from propyl, butyl, decyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl to eicosyl, the stability decreased. The results also show that the imidazolium-treated montmorillonite has greater thermal stability compared to the imidazolium halide. Analysis of the decomposition products by FTIR provides an insight about the decomposition products which are water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8652, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 25 TC 279 Z9 285 U1 5 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 409 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00334-4 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 762ME UT WOS:000187975500001 ER PT J AU Hodges, MP Wheatley, RJ Schenter, GK Harvey, AH AF Hodges, MP Wheatley, RJ Schenter, GK Harvey, AH TI Intermolecular potential and second virial coefficient of the water-hydrogen complex SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCESS-ENTHALPIES; DIPOLE-MOMENT; ENERGY; H2O; HELIUM; ARGON AB We construct a rigid-body (five-dimensional) potential-energy surface for the water-hydrogen complex using scaled perturbation theory (SPT). An analytic fit of this surface is obtained, and, using this, two minima are found. The global minimum has C-2v symmetry, with the hydrogen molecule acting as a proton donor to the oxygen atom on water. A local minimum with C-s symmetry has the hydrogen molecule acting as a proton acceptor to one of the hydrogen atoms on water, where the OH bond and H-2 are in a T-shaped configuration. The SPT global minimum is bound by 1097 muE(h) (E(h)approximate to4.359 744x10(-18) J). Our best estimate of the binding energy, from a complete basis set extrapolation of coupled-cluster calculations, is 1076.1 muE(h). The fitted surface is used to calculate the second cross virial coefficient over a wide temperature range (100-3000 K). Three complementary methods are used to quantify quantum statistical mechanical effects that become significant at low temperatures. We compare our results with experimental data, which are available over a smaller temperature range (230-700 K). Generally good agreement is found, but the experimental data are subject to larger uncertainties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hodges, MP (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, POB 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014; Wheatley, Richard/K-6598-2015 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484; Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 710 EP 720 DI 10.1063/1.1630960 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200022 PM 15267906 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ McPhaden, MJ Collier, MA AF Cai, WJ McPhaden, MJ Collier, MA TI Multidecadal fluctuations in the relationship between equatorial Pacific heat content anomalies and ENSO amplitude SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO CYCLES; CONTENT VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Observations over the past 20 years indicate that equatorial Pacific Ocean heat content variations associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles lead sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial cold tongue by about 7 months. However, an asymmetry exists in the relationship between SST and heat content: positive SST anomalies related to El Nino are stronger than negative SST anomalies related to La Nina for the same magnitude ( but opposite sign) heat content anomaly. In this study, we analyse a multi-century simulation using the CSIRO Mark 3 coupled climate model to show that a similar asymmetry exists in some decades but not in others. This non-stationarity appears to be a consequence of modulations by a mode of multidecadal variability which affects the temperature of upwelled water and the efficiency with which upwelling generates SST anomalies. C1 CSIRO, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), CSIRO, PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM wenju.cai@csiro.au RI Collier, Mark/D-2663-2013; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Collier, Mark/0000-0003-1391-9473; NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 AR L01201 DI 10.1029/2003GL018714 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 765LX UT WOS:000188286000003 ER PT J AU Rao, YR McCormick, MJ Murthy, CR AF Rao, YR McCormick, MJ Murthy, CR TI Circulation during winter and northerly storm events in southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Lake Michigan; circulation; episodic events ID GREAT-LAKES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; WIND; SURFACE; BOTTOM AB Moored observations of winds, currents, and temperature made off the southeastern Lake Michigan shore during 1998 to 2000 winter-spring periods are studied to describe the mean winter circulation and episodic circulation during northerly storms in Lake Michigan. Late winter-spring sediment plumes in southeastern Lake Michigan were attributed to these episodic circulation features. The winter-spring currents in southeastern Lake Michigan are quite depth independent, and the mean currents flow predominantly alongshore and toward the north. The observed currents show the signature of a forced two-gyre circulation in the southeastern basin. The interannual variability of mean and fluctuating currents is mainly due to the variability of prevailing wind-forcing. The intermittent episodic circulation influenced by northerly storms causes significant asymmetry to the mean circulation. During northerly storm episodes, the mean current speeds increased significantly, and the currents within 10 km of shore followed the surface wind stress, while farther offshore the circulation was oppositely directed. During these episodes it is also observed that the combination of directly wind-forced currents and northward propagating vorticity wave generates significant offshore transport in this region. C1 Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Rao, YR (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM ram.yerubandi@ec.gc.ca; mccormick@glerl.noaa.gov; raj.murthy@ec.gc.ca NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 6 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01010 DI 10.1029/2003JC001955 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765ML UT WOS:000188287300003 ER PT J AU Willey, DA Fine, RA Sonnerup, RE Bullister, JL Smethie, WM Warner, MJ AF Willey, DA Fine, RA Sonnerup, RE Bullister, JL Smethie, WM Warner, MJ TI Global oceanic chlorofluorocarbon inventory SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; WATER; CFC-11; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; TEMPERATURE; DESTRUCTION; OZONE; BASIN; RATES AB Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) dissolve in the oceans, but the total quantity and spatial distribution in the oceans was not previously known. The first estimate of the global oceanic CFC-11 uptake using field measurements is calculated from WOCE ( World Ocean Circulation Experiment) CFC-11 concentrations. Here we find the total oceanic uptake of 5.5 ( +/- 1.2) x 10(8) moles was about 1% of total emissions through 1994. Eighty-two percent of the CFC-11 inventory is in the upper 1000 meters. The CFC inventory distribution implies that the dominant physical air-sea exchange of gases on decadal time scales occurs due to a combination of high gas solubility in cold high latitude waters and effectiveness of the wind-driven circulation. The global inventory provides a benchmark for models simulating climate change. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Willey, DA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rfine@rsmas.miami.edu NR 21 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 AR L01303 DI 10.1029/2003GL018816 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 765KW UT WOS:000188283400004 ER PT J AU Lee, S Paik, U Hackley, VA Jung, YG Yoon, KJ AF Lee, S Paik, U Hackley, VA Jung, YG Yoon, KJ TI Microstructure and permittivity of sintered BaTiO3: influence of particle surface chemistry in an aqueous medium SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ceramics; electron microscopy; impedance spectroscopy; microstructure; dielectric properties ID BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; DISSOLUTION; POWDERS; SYSTEM; WATER AB The influence of changes in the surface chemistry and surface composition of colloidal BaTiO3, due to its dissolution and adsorption/precipitation of Ba2+ in an aqueous medium, on the microstructure and permittivity of sintered powder compacts was investigated. For BaTiO3 powder with Ba-deficient (Ti-excess) surface prepared at pH 3, grain growth was enhanced at 1350 degreesC (above the eutectic) and permittivity was reduced (relative to stoichiometric BaTiO3 prepared at pH 9) with increasing sintering temperature due to the liquid phase formed at grain boundaries. This same sample showed minimal grain growth and moderate enhancement of sinterability at 1300 degreesC (below the eutectic) attributed to sliding of the Ti-excess surface phase. BaTiO3 powder treated at pH 3 and subsequently adjusted to pH 10 results in a core-shell structure with a varying near-surface stoichiometry, and produced abnormal grain growth for the compact sintered at 1350 degreesC. Permittivity of this sample was significantly reduced at 1350 degreesC due to the formation of the liquid phase, while exhibiting a similar permittivity to that of the stoichiometric sample when sintered at 1300 degreesC, despite significant microstructural coarsening. We conclude that changes in the surface-phase Ba/Ti ratio of particulate precursors, due to dissolution, adsorption and precipitation reactions in aqueous media, are as significant in determining the mechanical and electronic properties of the sintered material as are variations in the bulk stoichiometry of BaTiO3. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Sci & Engn, Kyungnam 641773, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Chem Metrol & Mat Evaluat, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Paik, U (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM upaik@hanyang.ac.kr OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN 3 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2003.09.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 762ZL UT WOS:000188042700011 ER PT J AU Hinson, DP Wilson, RJ AF Hinson, DP Wilson, RJ TI Temperature inversions, thermal tides, and water ice clouds in the Martian tropics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars Global Surveyor; atmospheric dynamics; thermal tides; water ice clouds ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MGS TES; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WAVES; CLIMATE AB We report new results on the structure and dynamics of the tropical atmosphere of Mars derived from a combination of radio occultation measurements by Mars Global Surveyor and simulations by a Mars general circulation model (MGCM). Radio occultation experiments sounded the equatorial atmosphere at latitudes of 36degreesN to 30degreesS during midsummer of the Northern Hemisphere (L-s = 134degrees-162degrees), sampling the predawn thermal structure at a local time of similar to0412. Elevated temperature inversions are a conspicuous feature of these observations. They appear at pressures between 30 and 200 Pa, well above the surface, and their magnitude exceeds 6 K in 34% of the temperature profiles in this latitude band. The properties and spatial distribution of these elevated inversions are organized across the tropics on planetary scales. Inversions are strongest and occur most frequently above elevated terrain, achieving a peak magnitude of similar to30 K near Tharsis, and their altitude generally increases toward the south. According to MGCM simulations, which closely resemble the observations, these temperature inversions arise from zonally modulated thermal tides. The best simulation includes an interactive hydrologic cycle, which results in strong coupling between the thermal tides and radiatively active water ice clouds. Prominent clouds form in response to wave-induced adiabatic cooling and evolve in a pattern closely correlated with the thermal structure of the tides. The tides in turn are intensified by radiative forcing from the clouds. This tide-cloud coupling imposes strong diurnal modulation on the properties of clouds in the tropics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hinson@rocc.stanford.edu; rjw@gfdl.noaa.gov NR 46 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 109 IS E1 AR E01002 DI 10.1029/2003JE002129 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 765LE UT WOS:000188284400002 ER PT J AU Fischer, DA Efimenko, K Bhat, RR Sambasivan, S Genzer, J AF Fischer, DA Efimenko, K Bhat, RR Sambasivan, S Genzer, J TI Mapping surface chemistry and molecular orientation with combinatorial near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE catalysis; nanotechnology; near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); self-assembly; zeolites ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMER SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; SOFT; NEXAFS; CHAINS; RESONANCES AB Mapping the bond chemistry and molecular orientation of self-assembled monolayer gradients on flat surfaces and reaction intermediates in catalyst arrays is made possible using combinatorial near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. These spatially resolved NEXAFS maps have been made by utilizing synchrotron-based NEXAFS spectroscopy in conjunction with a computer controlled precision sample manipulator. The NEXAFS maps reveal bond concentration, rehybridization and orientation of the surface-bound molecules with sub-millimeter planar spatial resolution and sub-monolayer molecular sensitivity. The wide applicability of the combinatorial NEXAFS method is illustrated by mapping: (1) the concentration and molecular orientation of semifluorinated molecules in molecular gradients; (2) the concentration of amino groups in molecular gradients used for nanoparticle templating and (3) the rehybridation of propylene intermediates on zeolite catalyst arrays used for measuring solid-state acidity and catalyst activity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM DFischer@nist.gov; Jan_Genzer@ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1002/marc.200300178 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300012 ER PT J AU Eidelman, N Raghavan, D Forster, AM Amis, EJ Karim, A AF Eidelman, N Raghavan, D Forster, AM Amis, EJ Karim, A TI Combinatorial approach to characterizing epoxy curing SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE adhesion; confocal microscopy; curing; epoxy; FTIR microspectroscopy ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ADHESION HYSTERESIS; CHEMISTRY METHODS; FTIR-MICROSCOPY; POLYMER; RESIN; CURE; REFLECTANCE; COATINGS; FAILURE AB Three complementary techniques that probe different characteristics of curing: FTIR microspectroscopy, confocal microscopy and axisymmetric adhesion testing were used to study discrete epoxy samples cured at different temperatures and to follow curing across a continuous gradient combinatorial library. Together, these techniques provide a comprehensive picture of chemical and physical changes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eidelman, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM naomi.eidelman@nist.gov; draghavan@howard.edu NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1002/marc.200300190 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300026 ER PT J AU Norman, AI Cabral, JT Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Norman, AI Cabral, JT Karim, A Amis, EJ TI Scattering measurements for high throughput materials science researh SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE combinatorial; diblock copolymers; phase behavior; SAXS; WAXS ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); COPOLYMERS; SYSTEMS; OXIDE AB We present a high throughput X-ray scattering study (SAXS/WAXS) of the formation and stability of the vesicle phase of a water soluble diblock copolymer. The vesicle shape and shell thickness were investigated as a function of block copolymer concentration and temperature. We were able to establish a growth in the SAXS peak as concentration increases, indicating a greater polymer concentration of vesicles. The effect of temperature was also investigated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Norman, AI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.norman@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1002/marc.200300239 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300035 ER PT B AU Henrard, S AF Henrard, S BE Long, R Antani, S Lee, DJ Nutter, B Zhang, M TI Preliminary instrumentation for the efficient use of web-based electronic health records SO 17TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems CY JUN 24-25, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP IEEEComp Soc, tccm, Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn AB NIST has devised preliminary elements (technical "hooks") of a convenient logging method for Web-based electronic health record (EHR) dialogues. These can identify fields, record times spent at each (by whomever), and log a sequence of visits. The next step will be to refine this promising start, to begin building upon it a more polished and user-friendly system. We present our results to gain impressions from users of the worth of simple, open tools for tuning and improving e-record flows and their corresponding with practice workflows. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software Diagnost & Conformance Testing Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henrard, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software Diagnost & Conformance Testing Div, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8970, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2104-5 PY 2004 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1109/CBMS.2004.1311683 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAN73 UT WOS:000222998000003 ER PT B AU Landis, FA Cicerone, MT Cooper, JA Washburn, NR Dunkers, JP AF Landis, FA Cicerone, MT Cooper, JA Washburn, NR Dunkers, JP GP IEEE TI Developing metrology for tissue engineering: Collinear optical coherence and confocal fluorescence microscopies SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID TOMOGRAPHY AB We present a novel application of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) by combining it with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) to gather simultaneous structural and functional information on tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs) in a registered fashion. In this work, we describe the collinear OCM and CFM instrument. We demonstrate the utility of this dual-mode technique for TEMPs by comparing the images of fluorescently stained osteoblasts cultured in a polymeric TEMP for 21 days and 10 weeks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Landis, FA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 1533 EP 1536 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671301124 ER PT B AU Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Krupka, J AF Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Krupka, J GP IEEE TI Broadband dielectric measurement of liquids SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE ID COAXIAL DISCONTINUITY; OPEN CIRCUIT; LINE AB In this paper we report on the use of two methods for the measurement of the dielectric properties of liquids. When combined, these methods can yield broadband, high-accuracy measurements of liquids from megahertz to gigahertz frequencies. These methods are the shielded opencircuited holder and a novel, dielectric resonator method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200002 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Baker-Jarvis, J Kabos, P Mohamed, M AF Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Baker-Jarvis, J Kabos, P Mohamed, M GP IEEE TI A double negative (DNG) index composite structure from non-conducting materials with an application to controllable surfaces SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE AB A novel approach for obtaining left-handed material behavior is presented. In this paper we study a composite-medium model of insulating magnetic-dielectric spherical particles embedded in a background dielectric matrix. We show that the effective permeability and permittivity of the mixture can be simultaneously negative for wavelengths where the spherical inclusions are resonant, thus forming an effective double negative index material. This material is simpler to construct than structures used in previous work. We indicate how we can tune the material behavior to make it relatively broadband. The use of these non-conducting metamaterials can be used to develop "smart" or controllable surfaces. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200033 ER PT B AU Grosvenor, CA Johnk, R Novotny, D Canales, S Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, M Drewniak, J Koledintseva, M Zhang, J Rawa, P AF Grosvenor, CA Johnk, R Novotny, D Canales, S Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, M Drewniak, J Koledintseva, M Zhang, J Rawa, P GP IEEE TI Electrical material property measurements using a free-field, ultra-wideband system SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE AB We present nondestructive measurements of material properties using TEM horn antennas and an ultra-wideband measurement system. Time-domain gating and genetic algorithms are used to process the data and extract the dielectric properties of the material under test. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grosvenor, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200041 ER PT B AU Geyer, RG Baker-Jarvis, J Krupka, J AF Geyer, RG Baker-Jarvis, J Krupka, J GP IEEE TI Dielectric characterization of single-crystal LiF, CaF2, MgF2, BaF2, and SrF2 at microwave frequencies SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; RESONATOR AB Lithium, calcium, magnesium, and barium fluorides have widespread use in UV, IR, and scintillation applications. Although their optical properties have been well-studied, little data exist on their dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Microwave dielectric properties of single-crystal LiF, CaF2, MgF2, BaF2, and SrF2, synthesized by Stockbarger melt-growth techniques, are measured using cylindrical specimens as TE01delta dielectric resonators enclosed in a cylindrical cavity. Single-crystal permittivity and dielectric loss tangent were evaluated at fixed frequencies between 7 and 9 GHz and over a temperature range from -75 to 150 degreesC. The real permittivities of the measured fluorides increase quasi-linearly with temperature, permitting evaluation of the thermal coefficients of permittivity. The dielectric loss tangents increase approximately linearly with frequency, so that Qf (GHz) products at room temperature for BaF2, SrF2, CaF2, LiF, and MgF2 (normal to c-axis) are 57600, 73000, 92000, 192400, and 458600, respectively. The dielectric data support existing ion polarizabilities that are used with molar volumes and molecular additivity rules to estimate the permittivities of more complex fluorides whose values have not been experimentally determined. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geyer, RG (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, MS 818-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200119 ER PT B AU Swanepoel, HR Sinha, S AF Swanepoel, HR Sinha, S GP IEEE TI Design of a frequency hopped spread spectrum (FHSS) transceiver for cellular systems SO 2004 IEEE AFRICON: 7TH AFRICON CONFERENCE IN AFRICA, VOLS 1 AND 2: TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION SE IEEE Africon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Africon Conference in Africa CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL Univ Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA SP IEEE S Africa Sect, Botswana Inst Engineers, S African Inst Elect Engineers, IEEE Reg 8 HO Univ Botswana DE CDMA; CMOS mixed signal circuits; FHSS; charge pump PILL; mixers AB This paper presents an integrated frequency hopped transceiver based on a subset of the cdma2000 network specifications. The circuit consists of a phase locked loop (PLL) that generates the hopping carriers, local oscillators (LOs) that generate GHz range carrier frequencies, and a series of mixers. It accepts input data in frequency shift keyed (FSK) format, and also outputs received data in FSK format. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swanepoel, HR (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Sinha, Saurabh/0000-0003-4634-3925 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8605-1 J9 IEEE AFRICON PY 2004 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCF78 UT WOS:000229106700098 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V GP ieee TI On aggregate utility maximization based network management: Challenges and possible approaches SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004) CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Alcatel, France Telecom, Cegetel Grp, Thales, Bouygues Telecom, Siemens, Siemens Mobile, Mitsubishi, GET, IEEE Commun Soc, EUREL, ICC GLOBECOM, See DE network management; utility; pricing AB F.P. Kelly et. al. have proposed the aggregate utility maximization framework for fair bandwidth sharing among competing elastic demands. This paper advocates extending of the aggregate utility maximization framework for balancing a wide range of the conflicting requirements of the elastic users/contracts. An elastic user/contract is capable of adjusting not only its transmission rate, but also a wide range of burstiness and quality of service parameters as well as willingness to expend resources, such as battery power in a wireless network. The extended framework attempts to maximize the aggregate utility assuming that each elastic user/contract quantifies its preferences with respect to the contract parameters in terms of the individual utility function, and the aggregate utility is a sum of individual utilities of all users. Decentralized maximization of the aggregate utility leads to the minimum cost routing solution, typically with more than one feasible route having minimum cost among all feasible routes. The paper suggests that instability problems of such equal cost multipath routing can be alleviated with Optimized Multi Path Shortest Path First (OMP-SPF) routing algorithm. The paper also discusses specific cases of network management solutions, including survivability of the network services and self-organization in a wireless network by resolving trade-offs between user willingness to transmit and depleting the battery power affecting the network life expectancy. Future efforts should be directed towards developing decentralized pricing schemes for complex contracts capable of maximizing the aggregate utility. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8533-0 PY 2004 BP 1212 EP 1216 DI 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312692 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAT52 UT WOS:000223459600239 ER PT B AU Gentile, C Klein-Berndt, L AF Gentile, C Klein-Berndt, L GP ieee TI Robust location using system dynamics and motion constraints SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004) CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Alcatel, France Telecom, Cegetel Grp, Thales, Bouygues Telecom, Siemens, Siemens Mobile, Mitsubishi, GET, IEEE Commun Soc, EUREL, ICC GLOBECOM, See ID PROPAGATION; TRACKING AB To our knowledge, the indoor location system which currently achieves the best performance using inexpensive off-the-shelf equipment locates a mobile within 1.5 meters with probability 77% in hallways. Even while maintaining this accuracy, the system often reports logical errors such as the mobile in the wrong cubicle of an office or even on the wrong side of a wall when broadening the domain of application to within rooms. We propose an extension of the work using the same Markov localization framework, however incorporating system dynamics (necessitating no post-processing of the output) and motion constraints which implicitly encode the physical properties of the survey area. Our system retains the advantages of its predecessor of low cost, wireless LAN connectivity and security, and large-scale deployment, however extending the survey area from simple hallways to the whole office environment, while maintaining the same precision without logical errors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8533-0 PY 2004 BP 1360 EP 1364 DI 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312734 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAT52 UT WOS:000223459600268 ER PT B AU Gharavi, H Ban, K Cambiotis, J AF Gharavi, H Ban, K Cambiotis, J GP ieee TI RTCP-based frame-synchronized feedback control for IP-video communications over multipath fading channels SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004) CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Alcatel, France Telecom, Cegetel Grp, Thales, Bouygues Telecom, Siemens, Siemens Mobile, Mitsubishi, GET, IEEE Commun Soc, EUREL, ICC GLOBECOM, See DE streaming; RTP; RTCP; feedback control; H. 264; IEEE 802.11; wireless; multimedia AB This paper presents a packet-loss feedback tracking scheme for the transmission of video signals over mobile channels. The proposed feedback scheme is based on the real time transport control protocol (RTCP), which is designed to provide an end-to-end feedback assessment of transmitted packets on a frame-by-frame basis (video frame). In addition, the frame synchronized RTCP-based feedback scheme is designed to take care of losses of RTCP packets due to bad channels. The video encoder, upon receiving its feedback report, can identify the exact location of the missing packets in the transmitted video frame. The feedback scheme is then applied to transport H.264/RTP/UDP/IP packets in real-time. A packet-loss compensation strategy has been used to assess the quality of the received signal under multipath fading channel conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8533-0 PY 2004 BP 1512 EP 1516 DI 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312763 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAT52 UT WOS:000223459600297 ER PT B AU Griffith, D Sriram, K Lee, S Klink, S Golmie, N AF Griffith, D Sriram, K Lee, S Klink, S Golmie, N GP ieee TI Restorability versus efficiency in (1 : 1)(n) protection schemes for optical networks SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004) CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Alcatel, France Telecom, Cegetel Grp, Thales, Bouygues Telecom, Siemens, Siemens Mobile, Mitsubishi, GET, IEEE Commun Soc, EUREL, ICC GLOBECOM, See AB As network utilization continues to grow in the coming years, there will be increased pressure on network operators to use traffic engineering to provision resources more efficiently. One way to do this is to allow backup paths associated with disjoint working paths to share bandwidth. Increasing the amount of sharing will naturally increase the risk that a faded working path will either be unrecovered or forced to use dynamic recovery mechanisms. To examine the tradeoffs between robustness and efficiency and to develop useful performance bounds, we develop theoretical models for (1:1)(n) recovery schemes that are independent of the network's topology and management plane. We confirm our results using simulations of uncorrelated failures in a wide-area optical network with various degrees of resource sharing. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griffith, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8533-0 PY 2004 BP 1634 EP 1638 DI 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312786 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAT52 UT WOS:000223459600320 ER PT B AU Gharavi, H Ban, K AF Gharavi, H Ban, K GP ieee TI Dynamic adjustment packet control for video communications over ad-hoc networks SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2004) CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Alcatel, France Telecom, Cegetel Grp, Thales, Bouygues Telecom, Siemens, Siemens Mobile, Mitsubishi, GET, IEEE Commun Soc, EUREL, ICC GLOBECOM, See DE AODV; multihop; multimedia; video streaming; feedback control; H.264; IEEE 802.11; wireless AB This paper is concerned with transporting video information via multihop mobile ad-hoc channels. The major problem with transmitting real-time video information over these channels is the issue of link reliability. To improve the quality of the video reception we propose a cross layer feedback control mechanism that can allow the application layer to adapt itself to a dynamically changing network topology. We also present packet transmission strategies capable of recovering video signals under long bursts of packet drops, typical of a route change condition. This feedback control scheme has been developed for transmission of RTP/UDP/IP packets using the emerging H.264/AVC video-coding standard. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8533-0 PY 2004 BP 3086 EP 3090 DI 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313099 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAT52 UT WOS:000223459600602 ER PT S AU Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Barbera, T AF Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Barbera, T GP IEEE TI A hierarchical, multi-resolutional moving object prediction approach for autonomous on-road driving SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE ID MODEL AB In this paper(1), we present a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction via estimation-theoretic and situation-based probabilistic techniques. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in the presence of a dynamic environment. We have applied this approach to an onroad driving control hierarchy being developed as part of the DARPA Mobile Autonomous Robotic Systems (MARS) effort. Experimental results are shown in two simulation environments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.schlenoff@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@ieee.org; tony.barbera@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 1956 EP 1961 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308110 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800316 ER PT S AU Scholtz, J Young, J Drury, JL Yanco, HA AF Scholtz, J Young, J Drury, JL Yanco, HA GP IEEE TI Evaluation of human-robot interaction awareness in search and rescue SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE human-robot interaction; urban search and rescue; human-robot awareness AB In this paper we report on the analysis of critical incidents during an urban search and rescue robot competition where critical incidents are defined as a situation where the robot could potentially cause damage to itself, the victim, or the environment. We look at the features present in the human-robot interface that contributed to success in different tasks needed in urban search and rescue and present guidelines for human-robot interaction design. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 2327 EP 2332 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1307409 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800376 ER PT S AU Madhavan, R Hong, T Messina, E AF Madhavan, R Hong, T Messina, E GP IEEE TI Temporal range registration for unmanned ground and aerial vehicles SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE ID NAVIGATION AB An iterative temporal registration algorithm is presented in this paper(1) for registering 3D range images obtained from unmanned ground and aerial vehicles traversing unstructured environments. We are primarily motivated by the development of 3D registration algorithms to overcome both the unavailability and unreliability of Global Positioning System (GPS) within required accuracy bounds for Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) navigation. After suitable modifications to the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, the modified algorithm is shown to be robust to outliers and false matches during the registration of successive range images obtained from a scanning LADAR rangefinder on the UGV. Towards registering LADAR images from the UGV with those from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that flies over the terrain being traversed, we then propose a hybrid registration approach. In this approach to air to ground registration to estimate and update the position of the UGV, we register range data from two LADARs by combining a feature-based method with the aforementioned modified ICP algorithm. Registration of range data guarantees an estimate of the vehicle's position even when only one of the vehicles has GPS information. Temporal range registration enables position information to be continually maintained even when both vehicles can no longer maintain GPS contact. We present results of the registration algorithm in rugged terrain and urban environments using real field data acquired from two different LADARs on the UGV. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; tsai.hong@nist.gov; elena.messina@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 3180 EP 3187 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1307552 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800512 ER PT S AU Scholtz, J Antonishek, B Young, J AF Scholtz, J Antonishek, B Young, J GP IEEE TI Operator interventions in autonomous off-road driving: Effects of terrain SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE human-robot interaction; operator interventions; autonomous vehicles; field studies AB We participated in field trials of a semi-autonomous vehicle. This gave us an opportunity to collect data on operator interventions. In this paper we present an analysis of why and how operators intervene and examine the efficiency of these interventions. We compare the results from two trials in very different terrain to determine how this affected the time and success of the operator interventions. In particular, we look at the time it took operators to acquire situational awareness in order to take the proper interaction. We discuss the implications of this on human-robot interactions and interfaces. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 2797 EP 2802 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300469 ER PT B AU Suehle, JS Zhu, B Chen, Y Bernstein, JB AF Suehle, JS Zhu, B Chen, Y Bernstein, JB GP ieee TI Acceleration factors and mechanistic study of progressive breakdown in small area ultra-thin gate oxides SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 25-29, 2004 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE oxide reliability; dielectric breakdown; silicon dioxide; CMOS AB Two post soft breakdown modes are studied: one in which the conducting filament is stable until hard breakdown occurs and one in which the filament continually degrades with time. Acceleration factors are different for each mode, indicating different physical mechanisms. The results suggest that the "hardness" of the first breakdown influences the residual time distribution of the following hard breakdown. Tunneling current appears to be the driving force for both modes. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8315-X PY 2004 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2004.1315307 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAG82 UT WOS:000222139900016 ER PT B AU Bergman, DI Waltrip, BC AF Bergman, DI Waltrip, BC GP IEEE TI A low thermal error sampling comparator for accurate settling measurements SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc AB A new sampling comparator design employing a signal-dependent biasing scheme is described. The dynamic bias significantly reduces signal-induced thermal error in the comparator. The circuit design approach is applicable to comparators intended for use in equivalent-time, successive approximation analog-to-digital conversion where required bandwidths may exceed 1 GHz: and digitizing resolution may be as high as 16 bits. The technique is well suited for high accuracy settling measurements where thermal tail error can undermine the achievable settling response of an otherwise high bandwidth sampler. The new comparator design is a logical follow-up to previous work in which front-end bias on/off switching was employed. A prototype circuit has been fabricated in a 1.5 mum BiCMOS process. In the prototype device, the technique reduces settling error at 300 ns from 800 muV/V to 80 muV/V and improves gain flatness to within 300 muV/V from dc to 1 MHz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergman, DI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8251-X PY 2004 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAP40 UT WOS:000223122300131 ER PT B AU Dennis, T Williams, PA AF Dennis, T Williams, PA GP ieee TI High-accuracy optical group delay measurements and modulator chirp characterization SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Ogunquit, ME SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech, IEEE LEOS, Boston Univ Photon Ctr ID PHASE-SHIFT TECHNIQUE; DISPERSION AB We present group delay measurements of a molecular absorption line for absolute calibration with 0.17 ps resolution. The distortion caused by modulator chirp is investigated, and a novel, high-resolution method for chirp characterization is introduced. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS 815-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8492-X PY 2004 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1109/MWP.2004.1396828 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBF46 UT WOS:000225226300009 ER PT B AU Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A McFerran, J Ivanov, E Wilpers, G Oates, CW Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC AF Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A McFerran, J Ivanov, E Wilpers, G Oates, CW Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC GP ieee TI Generation of microwaves with ultra-low phase-noise from an optical clock SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Ogunquit, ME SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech, IEEE LEOS, Boston Univ Photon Ctr ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; STABILITY AB Frequency stabilized lasers have significant advantages for generating microwave signals with unprecedented stability and ultralow phase-noise. We report the optical generation of 10 GHz microwave signals with phase-noise close to the carrier that is > 40 dB better than achieved with state-of-the-art microwave sources and high quality microwave synthesizers. The method uses stable lasers locked to optical resonators that have extremely high Q's and the frequency can be steered in the longer term to atomic resonances. An optical frequency divider is implemented with a femtosecond laser based optical frequency comb, which coherently divides the optical frequency to the microwave range. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8492-X PY 2004 BP U3 EP U6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBF46 UT WOS:000225226300001 ER PT S AU Diddams, SA AF Diddams, SA GP ieee TI Optical clocks and frequency synthesis using femtosecond lasers SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID TI-SAPPHIRE AB This paper describes recent advances in the design and control of femtosecond laser combs for their use in optical clocks and in the synthesis of low noise microwave and optical signals. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900258 ER PT S AU Waters, KR Hoffmeister, BK Javarone, JA AF Waters, KR Hoffmeister, BK Javarone, JA BE Yuhas, MP TI Application of the Kramers-Kronig relations to measurements of attenuation and dispersion in cancellous bone SO 2004 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc DE attenuation; cancellous bone; dispersion; fracture risk.; Kramers-Kronig relations; osteoporosis; ultrasound characterization ID ULTRASONIC PROPERTIES; VELOCITY; WAVES AB Ultrasonic (US) assessment of fracture risk in osteoporotic patients is based on measurements of broadband ultrasonic attenuation and speed of sound (SOS) of cancellous bone. Discrepancies in estimates of SOS can result from dispersion and frequency-dependent attenuation. An improved understanding of the relation between attenuation and dispersion in cancellous bone could benefit both numerical and experimental investigations of the effects of these properties on estimates of SOS. The Kramers-Kronig (K-K) dispersion relations are used to investigate the relation between attenuation and dispersion. We consider a finite-bandwidth form of the K-K relations that uses the US properties over only the experimental bandwidth. In vitro measurements of cancellous bone were performed to validate this technique. Cancellous bone specimens were obtained from the proximal end of four bovine tibia and prepared with the axis of measurement along the medial-lateral (NIL) and superior-inferior (SI) directions. Measurements were performed by use of a through-transmission, immersion technique. The attenuation coefficient and phase velocity were determined for each specimen. We found that dispersion correlated well with apparent density for ML specimens (r = 0.95) but less so for SI specimens (r = 0.61). Finite-bandwidth KK analysis of the attenuation coefficient predicted the corresponding phase velocity. We observed good agreement between the measured and K-K predicted dispersion (r = 0.99) for all specimens. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Waters, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 ULTRASON PY 2004 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000228557207135 ER PT S AU Waters, KR AF Waters, KR BE Yuhas, MP TI High-frequency ultrasound characterization of pulmonary arterial wall under normoxic and hypoxic conditions SO 2004 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc DE acoustic microscopy; attenuation; hypertension.; pulmonary artery; speed of sound; tissue characterization AB Diagnosis of secondary pediatric pulmonary hypertension is often difficult because no single test permits complete evaluation. Improved understanding of the effects of hypertension on ultrasonic (US) properties of the wall of the pulmonary artery (PA) could lead to earlier detection. High-frequency US in vitro measurements were performed on fresh, excised PA walls from normoxic and hypoxic Long-Evans rat models to determine whether US properties differed between groups. Three population groups were studied: six normals, four normal hypoxics, and nine genetically modified (GM) hypoxics. The extrapulmonary artery system (main trunk, left and right branches) was excised following sacrifice and stored on ice in a nutritive solution until measurement. Ultrasonic measurements on the fresh specimens were performed by means of a 50 MHz acoustic microscope in a conventional double-transmission arrangement. The speed of sound (SOS) was determined from differences in times of flight between the reference and tissue measurements. Slope of attenuation was determined from the same signals using a log spectral subtraction technique. An expected increase (up to 10 %) in SOS was observed for the normal hypoxic model compared to the normal model, but an unexpected decrease (by up to 6 %) was observed for the GM hypoxic model. The slope of attenuation in both hypoxic models was greater (by up to 100 %) than that of the normal model. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Waters, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 ULTRASON PY 2004 BP 1235 EP 1238 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000228557201103 ER PT B AU Novotny, D Johnk, RT Grosvenor, CA Canales, N AF Novotny, D Johnk, RT Grosvenor, CA Canales, N GP ieee TI Panoramic, ultrawideband, diagnostic imaging of test volumes SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2004) CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Rohde & Schwarz, AR Worldwide, Compliance Certificat Serv, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect N A Inc, Sunol Sci, DLS Elect Syst Inc, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filter, X-EMI DE EMC; OATS; FAR; time-domain AB The Time-Domain, Free-Field Metrology Project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing methodologies to assess the quality and range of use (in frequency, test volume size, and test type) of EMC test facilities. Previous efforts [1-2] have focused on transmission tests that represented typical the antenna and test artifact configurations. These tests illuminated a facility and measured the reflections from scattering objects and residual RF ringing to determine modal and basic propagation characteristics. Joint Time- and Frequency-Domain (JTFA) analysis of the measurements allow for characterization of the signals in various categories such as broad- or narrow-band scatterers, leakage, or systematic facility ringing. These directional measurements allow isolation in space and time to allow for location of facility irregularities. The initial results that are presented show scatterers intentionally placed in the Time-Domain, Free-Field Metrology Laboratory. These artifacts were imaged and identified in time, space and frequency. This panoramic, ultrawideband, reflection measurement takes a full 360degrees sweep of the facility and uses JTFA analysis tools to identify specific scatterers and other irregularities in the facility. Combinations of Horizontal- and Vertical- polarization sweeps show improved Signal-to-Noise (SNR) and can highlight polarization sensitive events. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Novotny, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8443-1 PY 2004 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAU54 UT WOS:000223620100006 ER PT B AU Wilson, P AF Wilson, P GP ieee TI Emission and immunity testing: Test object electrical size and its implication SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2004) CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Rohde & Schwarz, AR Worldwide, Compliance Certificat Serv, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect N A Inc, Sunol Sci, DLS Elect Syst Inc, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filter, X-EMI AB As the electrical size of a test object increases, so does the complexity of its radiation/receiving pattern. The complexity of the coupling pattern affects the number of orientations necessary to determine minimum immunity and maximum emission. This issue has implications for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. If the true minimum immunity or maximum emission is to be determined, then a sufficient number of measurement samples (orientations of the test object) over the test object's coupling pattern need to be taken. If fewer samples are used in an immunity or emission test (e.g., the four orientations presently recommended by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61000-4-3), then the difference between the estimate (based on the low sample number) and the true value needs to be recognized and, if possible, quantified. Examples suggest that, for test objects of modest size (an example of a test object 50 cm in major dimension is considered), maximum coupling may be underestimated by up to 4 dB for present immunity test methods (e.g., IEC 61000-4-3 with an upper frequency limit of 1 GHz). The underestimation increases to 6 dB if the upper frequency is extended to 5 GHz. This result suggests that present immunity and emission standards should consider including the effect of the size of the test object on EMC emission and immunity pass/fail limits. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8443-1 PY 2004 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAU54 UT WOS:000223620100069 ER PT B AU Wilson, P Holloway, CL Koepke, G AF Wilson, P Holloway, CL Koepke, G GP ieee TI A review of dipole models for correlating emission measurements made at various EMC test facilities SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2004) CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Rohde & Schwarz, AR Worldwide, Compliance Certificat Serv, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect N A Inc, Sunol Sci, DLS Elect Syst Inc, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filter, X-EMI ID TEM CELL AB In this paper we review dipole models for correlating measurements made at various electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test facilities. We will present expressions for the maximum received voltage (at some measurement port) generated by a dipole radiator placed in free-space, an ideal half-space environment, a transmission line, and an over-moded cavity. These different environments correspond to commonly used EMC test facilities, namely, a fully anechoic chamber (FAC), an open area test site (OATS) or a semi-anechoic chamber (SAC), a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell or stripline, and a reverberation chamber. These dipole models can then be used as the basis for correlating between emission measurements made at different facility types. Most of these expressions have appeared in previous publications. The purpose of this paper is to present these results in a review having consistent terminology and notation. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8443-1 PY 2004 BP 898 EP 901 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2004.1349944 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAU54 UT WOS:000223620100179 ER PT B AU Grosvenor, CA Johnk, R Novotny, D Canales, N AF Grosvenor, CA Johnk, R Novotny, D Canales, N GP ieee TI TEM-horn antennas: A promising new technology for compliance testing SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2004) CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Rohde & Schwarz, AR Worldwide, Compliance Certificat Serv, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect N A Inc, Sunol Sci, DLS Elect Syst Inc, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filter, X-EMI DE antenna factor; biconical antenna; log-periodic antenna; site evaluation; TEM-horn antenna AB This paper discusses the advantages of using a TEM-horn antenna rather than conventional EMC antennas such as the log-periodic, hybrid, or biconical antennas. Important issues such as frequency coverage, linearity, time-resolution of events, cost, and antenna factor will also be addressed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grosvenor, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8443-1 PY 2004 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2004.1349947 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAU54 UT WOS:000223620100182 ER PT S AU Machol, JL Ayers, T Schwenz, KT Koenig, KW Hardesty, RM Senff, CJ Krainak, MA Abshire, JB Bravo, HE Sandberg, SP AF Machol, JL Ayers, T Schwenz, KT Koenig, KW Hardesty, RM Senff, CJ Krainak, MA Abshire, JB Bravo, HE Sandberg, SP BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Preliminary measurements with code a compact automated dial for profiling water vapor SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; SYSTEM AB The design and preliminary tests of an automated differential absorption lidar (DIAL) that profiles water vapor in the lower troposphere are presented. The instrument, named CODI (for COmpact DIAL), has been developed to be eye safe, low cost, weatherproof, and portable. The lidar design and its unattended operation are described. Nighttime intercomparisons with in situ sensors and a radiosonde are shown. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Machol, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500025 ER PT S AU Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T AF Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Boundary layer measurements with a bistatic CCD camera lidar SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID TOOL AB A CCD based bistatic lidar (CLidar) system has been developed and constructed to measure scattering in the atmospheric boundary layer. The system used is based on a CCD camera, wide-angle optics and laser. Measuring near the ground with the standard monostatic lidar method is difficult due to the huge change in signal strength with altitude and the incomplete overlap between the laser and the telescope. High spatial (altitude) resolution is also desired near the ground for comparison with in-situ aerosol instruments. Imaging a vertical laser beam from the side with a CCD camera and wide-angle field of view optics overcomes both of these problems. While the molecular signal changes many orders of magnitude in the standard method, it only changes about one order with the CLidar method. In addition, the CLidar resolution near the ground is less than a meter. Other advantages of the CLidar method include low cost and simplicity. The signal is integrated on the CCD rather than with specialized electronics. With the bistatic CLidar method the scattering angle changes with altitude. A general method is given for adding the contribution of a given pixel for an arbitrary orientation of the laser beam on the CCD array. C1 NOAA Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500067 ER PT S AU Pahlow, M Kovalev, VA Ansmann, A Helmert, K AF Pahlow, M Kovalev, VA Ansmann, A Helmert, K BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Iterative determination of the aerosol extinction coefficient profile and the mean extinction-to-backscatter ratio from multiangle lidar data SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID ATMOSPHERE AB A method to determine the aerosol extinction coefficient profile and the mean extinction-to-backscatter ratio from scanning lidar data has been developed. The only a priori information required is the molecular extinction coefficient profile. In this initial study we consider the simplest case where the extinction-to-backscattering ratio is constant with height. The extinction-to-backscatter ratio is determined iteratively by comparing the retrieved particulate extinction coefficient profiles obtained with two independent multiangle inversion methods from the same set of lidar data. The iterative method has been tested with synthetic data and was successfully applied to experimental data. C1 NOAA Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pahlow, M (reprint author), NOAA Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500121 ER PT S AU Intrieri, JM Shupe, MD AF Intrieri, JM Shupe, MD BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Arctic cloud forcing determined by lidar cloud measurements and broadband surface radiometers SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID ATMOSPHERE; BUDGET; OCEAN AB Lidar measurements obtained over the Arctic Ocean for a one year period, along with radiometers and atmospheric temperature soundinos, revealed previously undocumented properties of Arctic clouds and their radiative impact on the sea ice surface over an annual cycle. The lidar cloud observations revealed the predominance of liquid water clouds in all seasons throughout the polar year and the strong radiative effect clouds in liquid phase impart onto the surface. Lidar measurements were also used to characterize diamond dust. These observations showed that diamond dust, over the Western Arctic Ocean region, had a much lesser effect on the surface radiation than previously believed and modeled. When compared to surface observer log notes the lidar data showed that surface observers had incorrectly coded diamond dust events similar to45% of the time. These miscoded events occurred almost exclusively under conditions with poor illumination (December through March). In 95% of the miscoded diamond dust events, lidar revealed the presence of thin liquid water clouds precipitating ice crystals down to the surface. In general, lidar observations of clouds in liquid versus ice phase and their location in the atmosphere have proven to be a critical observation in the polar regions for understanding and modeling the surface heat budget. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Intrieri, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-E-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 573 EP 576 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500141 ER PT S AU Hardesty, RM Senff, CJ Brewer, WA McCarty, BJ Alvarez, RJ Ehret, G Fix, A Kiemle, C AF Hardesty, RM Senff, CJ Brewer, WA McCarty, BJ Alvarez, RJ Ehret, G Fix, A Kiemle, C BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Measurement of ozone and water vapor transport using airborne differential absorption and doppler lidars SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB Differential absorption lidars can be combined with surface-based wind measurements or co-deployed with Doppler lidars to provide measurements of species transport in the boundary layer. We describe here investigations of ozone transport in Houston using an airborne ozone DIAL combined with wind profiler measurements, and also study moisture transport in a low level jet by co-deploying airborne DIAL and Doppler systems during the International H2O Project. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hardesty, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500170 ER PT B AU Downs, A Madhavan, R Hong, T AF Downs, A Madhavan, R Hong, T GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Registration of range data from unmanned aerial and ground vehicles SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB In, the research reported in this paper, we propose to overcome the unavailability of Global Positioning System (GPS) using combined information obtained from a scanning LADAR rangefinder on an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and a LADAR mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that flies over the terrain being traversed. The approach to estimate and update the position of the UGV involves registering range data from the two LADARs using a combination of a feature-based registration method and a modified version of the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. Registration of range data thus guarantees an estimate of the vehicles position even when only one of the vehicles has GPS information. Additionally, such registration over time (i.e... from sample to sample), enables position information to be maintained even when both vehicles can no longer maintain GPS contact. The approach has been validated by conducting systematic experiments on complex real-world data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@nist.gov; tsai.hong@nist.gov; mike.shneier@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000008 ER PT B AU Conrad, P Foedisch, M AF Conrad, P Foedisch, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Performance evaluation of color based road detection using neural nets and support vector machines SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB We present a comparison of two methods for color based road segmentation. The first was implemented using a neural network, while the second approach is based on support vector machines. A large number of training images were used with varying road conditions including roads with snow, dirt or gravel surfaces, and asphalt. We experimented with grouping the training images by road condition and generating a separate model for each group. The system would automatically select the appropriate one for each novel image. Those results were compared with creating a single model with all images. In another set of experiments, we added the image coordinates of each point as an additional feature in the models. Finally, we compared the results and the efficiency of neural networks and support vector machines of segmentation with each combination of feature sets and image groups. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Conrad, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000026 ER PT B AU Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Jeong, B AF Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Jeong, B BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Sanchez, B TI Testing requirements to manage data exchange specifications in enterprise integration - A schema design quality focus SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE enterprise integration; XML schema design; metadata management ID SETS AB In this paper, we describe the requirements to test W3C XML Schema usage when defining message schemas for data exchange in any large and evolving enterprise integration project. We then decompose the XML Schema testing into four (4) aspects including the message schema conformance to the XML Schema specification grammar, the message schema conformance to the XML Schema specification semantics, the message schema conformance to design quality testing, and canonical semantics testing of the message schema. We describe these four testing aspects in some detail and point to other related efforts. We further focus to provide some technical details for the message schema design quality testing. As a future work, we describe the requirements for canonical semantics testing and potential solution approaches. Finally, we describe an implementation architecture for the message schema design quality testing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BBT23 UT WOS:000227674200073 ER PT S AU Siegrist, K Ballarotto, VW Williams, ED AF Siegrist, K Ballarotto, VW Williams, ED BE Ahner, JW Levy, J Hesselink, L Mijiritskii, A TI Quantifying field-induced contrast effects in photoelectron emission microscopy SO ADVANCED DATA STORAGE MATERIALS AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Characterization Techniques for Data Storage Materials/Symposium on Phase Change and Nonmagnetic Materials for Data Storage CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID RESOLUTION AB Samples consisting of electrically isolated titanium lines fabricated on a titanium surface were used to quantify voltage-induced contrast effects in photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). Induced contrast effects were observed to extend 6 Pm for a -5 V bias applied to a 303 mum tall raised line. We therefore explored, via numerical calculation, the spatial extent of the perturbation to the PEEM accelerating field caused by the bias applied across the step height. The intensity full width at half minimum agreed well with the calculated width defined by the 10% level of lateral field strength. For a line 550 nm tall, a correspondence was found for a calculated width defined by a 5% lateral field strength. It was observed that neighboring structures a few pm away affected the image contrast, for sufficiently strong applied bias. This suggests that effects can easily be induced at distances of 0.5 mum for modest applied voltages, as has been previously observed for structures buried under oxide layers 0.5 mum thick [1]. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siegrist, K (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-741-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 803 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Materials Science; Physics GA BAF11 UT WOS:000221928900002 ER PT B AU Udovic, TJ Arif, M Majkrzak, CF Jacobson, DL Yildirim, T Neumann, DA Rush, JJ Pivovar, AM AF Udovic, TJ Arif, M Majkrzak, CF Jacobson, DL Yildirim, T Neumann, DA Rush, JJ Pivovar, AM BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Neutron metrology for the hydrogen economy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE fuel cells; hydrogen storage; neutrons; neutron scattering; neutron imaging ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; NAFION MEMBRANES; SCATTERING; RADIOGRAPHY; TECHNOLOGY; STANDARDS AB Neutron scattering, transmission, and analysis techniques are particularly well-suited for studying materials of relevance to fuel-cell and hydrogen-storage technologies. The unusually large neutron scattering cross section for hydrogen (and deuterium) as well as the neutron's great penetrating power are routinely exploited in order to probe the amount, location, bonding states, and dynamics of hydrogen (and water) in a variety of technologically interesting materials. Developments over the past decade at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and elsewhere have greatly increased the sensitivity and dynamic range of neutron methods. In this paper, we provide a flavor of the capabilities of such modem neutron instrumentation for the study of energy systems and materials important for the hydrogen economy, from micron-scale imaging of working fuel-cell stacks and hydrogen-storage beds to atomic-scale characterization of hydrogen location, bonding, and transport mechanisms in fuel-cell membranes and hydrogen-storage materials. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000013 ER PT S AU El Khadem, HS Fatiadi, AJ AF El Khadem, HS Fatiadi, AJ BE Horton, D TI Hydrazine derivatives of carba sugars and related compounds SO ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 59 SE Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry LA English DT Review ID RING-CLOSING METATHESIS; PSEUDO-BETA-D; AZA-C-DISACCHARIDES; SUBSTITUTED VALIOLAMINE DERIVATIVES; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID OSAZONE; ALPHA-HALOGENO-KETONES; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El Khadem, HS (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 308 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2318 BN 0-12-007259-9 J9 ADV CARBOHYD CHEM BI JI Adv. Carbohydr .Chem. Biochem. PY 2004 VL 59 BP 135 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0065-2318(04)59004-2 PG 39 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BBV52 UT WOS:000228030300004 PM 15607765 ER PT S AU Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC Splett, JD Vecchia, DF AF Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC Splett, JD Vecchia, DF BE Balachandran, U TI Measuring residual resistivity ratio of high-purity Nb SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID NIOBIUM AB We compared methods of measuring the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of high-purity Nb using transport current. Our experimental study is intended to answer some fundamental questions about the best measurement method for RRR and the biases that may exist among different measurement methods, model equations, and magnetic field orientations. Two common ways to obtain the extrapolated normal-state resistivity at 4.2 K are (1) measure the normal-state resistivity as a function of field at 4.2 K and extrapolate to zero field and (2) measure the normal-state resistivity as a function of temperature in zero field and extrapolate to 4.2 K. Both approaches have their associated difficulties. We also compared data taken with the magnetic field both parallel and transverse to the specimen current and we measured magnetoresistance at various temperatures from 4 to 16 K. We combined all of these data to estimate the RRR using an approach based on the Kohler empirical rule regarding magnetoresistance. The Kohler rule imposes the shape of the magnetoresistance curve at the higher temperatures to better predict the extrapolated normal-state values at the lower temperatures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900006 ER PT S AU Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC AF Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC BE Balachandran, U TI Variable-temperature critical-current measurements on a Nb-Ti wire SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK AB We made variable-temperature critical-current (I-c) measurements on a commercial multifilamentary Nb-Ti wire for temperatures (T) from 4 to 9 K and magnetic fields (H) from 0 to 11.5 T using transport current. The measurements cover the whole range of critical currents from less than 0.1 A to over 800 A. This sample will be useful as a variable-temperature reference wire. To verify the measurements at variable-temperature, we compared critical currents up to 600 A on a specimen that was immersed in liquid helium to those on the same specimen in flowing helium gas. This comparison indicated our ability to control and measure specimen temperature was within 35 mK. We also calibrated the magnetoresistance effect of resistive thermometers for temperatures from 4 to 35 K and magnetic fields from 0 to 12 T. The critical-current data presented include electric field-current (E-I) characteristics, and E-T characteristics at constant I and H, I-c(H) at constant T, and I-c(T) at constant H. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 338 EP 345 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900043 ER PT S AU Vogt, BD Soles, CL Prabhu, VM Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Vogt, BD Soles, CL Prabhu, VM Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Sturtevant, JL TI Measurements of water distribution in thin lithographic films SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XXI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXI CY FEB 23-24, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE DE thin films; neutron reflectivity; x-ray reflectivity; water immersion ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE AB Neutron and x-ray reflectivity measurements quantify the non-uniform distribution of water within poly(4-tertbutoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCSt) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHOSt) thin films on silicon wafer substrates. Two contrasting surface treatments were examined, silicon oxide, representing a hydrophilic interface and a trimethylsilane primed surface, representing a hydrophobic interface. The distribution of water in the films was sensitive to the surface preparation and photoresist relative hydrophilicity. Depending upon the water contact angle of the substrate in comparison to the polymer film, an excess of water near the interface occurs when the substrate is more hydrophilic than the photoresist. Likewise, interfacial depletion results when the photoresist is more hydrophilic than the substrate. These non-uniform water distributions occurs within (50 +/- 10) Angstrom of the photoresist/substrate interface.[1] The water concentration in this interfacial region appears to be independent of the photoresist properties, but is strongly dependent upon the substrate surface energy. C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5289-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5376 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.535881 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAI78 UT WOS:000222468500007 ER PT S AU Jablonski, EL Prabhu, VM Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Ito, H AF Jablonski, EL Prabhu, VM Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Ito, H BE Sturtevant, JL TI Surface and bulk chemistry of chemically amplified photoresists: segregation in thin films and environmental stability issues SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XXI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXI CY FEB 23-24, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE DE NEXAFS; blend miscibility; airborne molecular contaminants ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION; RESIST AB The performance of chemically amplified photoresists, including next generation thin film 157 nm fluorinated copolymers and blends, is affected by such phenomena as polymer/substrate and polymer/air interfacial (surface energy) effects, blend miscibility, small molecule diffusion in thin films, permeability of airborne contaminants, and interactions with products from the deprotection reaction. Using near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, it is possible to simultaneously probe the surface and bulk chemistry of chemically amplified photoresists to determine possible causes of pattern degradation, including post exposure delay induced material failure, blend component and small molecule diffusion/segregation to the photoresist surface, and interactions between components of the photoresist formulation and developer. The surface and bulk chemistry of model photoresists were analyzed in the NEXAFS vacuum chamber, equipped with in situ processing capabilities for exposure, controlled dosing of a model contaminant gas (NMP or water vapor), and heating, to quantify component segregation and identify surface phenomena that may be responsible for pattern degradation. For model 157 nm blend films, it was found that there is segregation of one component to the surface of the photoresist film, in excess of the composition of that component in the blend. For polymer blends the more hydrophobic or lower surface tension species will typically wet the film surface when heated in air. Segregation of photo-acid generator has also been demonstrated and the effect of reducing film thickness investigated. As photoresist film thickness continually decreases and the photoresists become increasingly sensitive to environmental contaminants, the interfacial and surface regions dominate the behavior of the material and it is crucial to understand both their physical and chemical nature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5289-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5376 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1117/12.535703 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAI78 UT WOS:000222468500032 ER PT S AU Prabhu, VM Wang, MX Jablonski, EL Vogt, BD Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Prabhu, VM Wang, MX Jablonski, EL Vogt, BD Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Sturtevant, JL TI Fundamentals of developer-resist interactions for line-edge roughness and critical dimension control in model 248 nm and 157 nm photoresists SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XXI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXI CY FEB 23-24, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE DE developer; dissolution; LER; CD; polyelectrolyte; reflectivity; AFM; roughness; swelling ID POSITIVE-TONE; POLYMER DISSOLUTION; FILMS AB Organic polar solvent (1-butanol) versus aqueous base (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, (TMAH)) development quality are distinguished by neutral versus charged polymer (polyelectrolyte) dissolution behavior of photoresist bilayers on silicon substrates comprising poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene), PHOSt and PBOCSt, respectively. This model line-edge was broadened by photoacid catalyzed deprotection to a final interfacial width of 35.7 Angstrom and subjected to different developers. 1-butanol develops with an increased penetration depth than aqueous base development consistent with an increased solubility of the protected containing component in the organic solvent. This enhanced dissolution with the polar solvent results in an increased surface roughness of 73 Angstrom, whereas the development with TMAH at concentrations between (0.1 to 1.1) M-1 leads to surface roughness between (4.5 to 14.4) Angstrom, as measured by atomic force microscopy. These measurements suggest that the elimination of resist swelling, in the presence of a protection gradient, is a viable strategy to reduce roughness and control critical dimensions. The influence of added salt to developer solutions was also examined by developing the model bilayer. A decrease in surface roughness from (10 to 6.5) Angstrom was observed between (0 to 0.70) M KCl in 0.26 M TMAH. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5289-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5376 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1117/12.535862 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAI78 UT WOS:000222468500047 ER PT J AU Wilson, JC Lafleur, BG Hilbert, H Seebaugh, WR Fox, J Gesler, DW Brock, CA Huebert, BJ Mullen, J AF Wilson, JC Lafleur, BG Hilbert, H Seebaugh, WR Fox, J Gesler, DW Brock, CA Huebert, BJ Mullen, J TI Function and performance of a low turbulence inlet for sampling supermicron particles from aircraft platforms SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION; PASSING EFFICIENCY; DEPOSITION; BENDS; SIZE AB A low-turbulence, aerosol sampling inlet (LTI) has been developed for use on aircraft. The inlet makes use of boundary layer suction in a porous diffuser to slow the sample flow from aircraft air speeds near 150 m/s to velocities near 5 m/s without generating turbulence. The reduction of turbulence reduces losses of supermicron particles by turbulent deposition and permits the use of laminar flow calculations and well-understood drag formulations to accurately predict particle motion. Large particles are enhanced in the sample flow due to inertia. These enhancements are predicted with numerical analysis of fluid flow and integration of the equations of motion for the particles. The diffuser discussed in this article has been used in a number of field experiments, and the enhancement factors have been provided to the experimenters measuring aerosol downstream of the inlet. Some particles are doubtless lost in transport from the LTI to the aircraft fuselage. Estimates of those losses have also been made and provided to experimenters. The enhancement factors (EF) and losses are a function of particle Stokes number. They should be applied to measurements that segregate the sample into size bins that are narrow enough to assign a well-defined EF to each bin. Uncertainties in EF have been estimated. The uncertainties in EF and in the efficiency of transport to the aircraft are small compared to the uncertainties reported in the literature for sampling supermicron particles through solid conical diffusers. Thus the LTI contributes to our ability to quantitatively characterize supermicron particles from aircraft platforms. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. DigitalWave Corp, Englewood, CO USA. RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Clarence M Knudson Hall,Room 200,2199 S Univ Blvd, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM jwilson@du.edu RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 8 BP 790 EP 802 DI 10.1080/027868290500841 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852FI UT WOS:000223740300005 ER PT J AU Aydin, KY AF Aydin, KY TI Age structure or functional response? Reconciling the energetics of surplus production between single-species models and ECOSIM SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management in the Southern Benguela CY DEC 04-06, 2002 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA DE bioenergetics; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; modelling; multispecies; surplus production; von Bertalanffy growth ID ECOSYSTEM; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES; IMPACTS AB Whole-ecosystem foodweb models, specifically the dynamic model ECOSIM, contain specific hypotheses for surplus production that differ from traditional single-species management models. Specifically, ECOSIM begins with an assumption that all species are tightly connected and energetic surplus does not arise through fishing, whereas single-species fishing theory implies that fishing leads to surplus by removing larger, older, less-productive fish from populations. Although ECOPATH production ratios and single-species estimated production levels are both derived from the dynamics of von Bertalanffy consumption and growth equations, the dynamics of ECOSIM differ from the implied bioenergetics of fishing as applied to age-structured populations. Specifically, while the ECOSIM "Arena" functional response and the von Bertalanffy equations both lead to the appearance of density-dependence in predator consumption per unit biomass, the difference in starting assumptions between the models leads ECOSIM to "fix production energetics" while age-structured models capture changes in within-population energetics between populations of younger versus older fish. This may cause ECOSIM to greatly overestimate the amount of biomass supportable in "pristine" systems of large, mature fish, especially when projections are based on models of currently exploited ecosystems. However, if the ECOSIM Arena is seen as a proxy for age structure rather than as a function of predator/prey behaviour, the original derivation of von Bertalanffy growth equations, applied as a modification of ECOSIM, may allow the predictions made by biomass dynamics ecosystem models to incorporate critical life-history characteristics of modelled populations. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Aydin, KY (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS & TOURISM PI CAPE TOWN PA MARINE & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, PRIVATE BAG X2, ROGGIE BAY 8012, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0257-7615 J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PY 2004 VL 26 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.2989/18142320409504062 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 864LX UT WOS:000224636100018 ER PT B AU Gego, EL Hogrefe, C Porter, PS Irwin, JS Rao, ST AF Gego, EL Hogrefe, C Porter, PS Irwin, JS Rao, ST BE Borrego, C Incecik, S TI Comparison of the space-time signatures of air quality data from different monitoring networks SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVI SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO, CCMS AB Ambient air quality in the United States is measured by several regional air quality monitoring networks. Yet, differences in sampling protocol between the networks may not allow joint use of the data reported by different networks. In this study, we compare the space-time signatures of sulfate and nitrate fine particle mass concentrations reported by the Clean Air Status and Trend Network (CASTNet) and the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment Network (IMPROVE). First, a spectral decomposition technique was used to separate the low and high frequency variations in time series of pollutant concentrations at collocated IMPROVE and CASTNet sites. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Varimax. orthogonal rotation, we determined the number of significant sulfate and nitrate modes of variation identifiable with both networks, and identify the mode of variation characterizing each monitoring site. In the case of sulfate, both networks allow identification of seven distinct modes of variation, each of which corresponds to a well-defined geographic area. PCA also suggests the existence of seven modes of variation for nitrate but, in contrast to sulfate, these modes of variations could not be linked to any unified geographic area. A combination of spectral decomposition and PCA reveals that the long-term fluctuations in sulfate at both networks are virtually identical - when they are averaged in homogeneous regions defined by PCA - between both networks. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-48464-1 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2004 VL 16 BP 481 EP 490 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ17 UT WOS:000222497200044 ER PT S AU Cahn, JW Bendersky, LA AF Cahn, JW Bendersky, LA BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI An isotropic glass phase in Al-Fe-Si formed by a first order transition SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble ID CRYSTALLIZATION; ALLOYS AB We present evidence of the nucleation and growth of a metallic glass phase from the melt, as if by a first-order transition. Microstructures of a number of rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Si alloys demonstrate that this glassy phase, which we term q-glass, is not a kinetically frozen liquid. It is the first phase to form from the melt as isolated nuclei that grow and deplete the melt of iron and silicon. From the nucleation behavior and the compositional partitioning, we infer an interface between the q-glass and the melt, and that, in a narrow composition range, the q-glass has a lower energy and entropy (is more ordered) than a conventional glass. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cahn, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200018 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Sander, LC AF Phinney, KW Sander, LC TI Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of enantiomeric composition of amphetamine and methamphetamine in hair samples SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amphetamines; chiral separations; drugs of abuse; enantiomers; hair analysis ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRUG-ABUSE; URINE; RESOLUTION; ISSUES AB Interest in hair analysis as an alternative or complementary approach to urinalysis for drug abuse detection has grown in recent years. Hair analysis can be particularly advantageous for drugs such as amphetamine and methamphetamine that are rapidly excreted. Confirmation of abuse of these stimulants is complicated by the fact that some forms are found in legitimate medications. Examination of the enantiomeric composition of amphetamine and methamphetamine in hair samples can provide valuable assistance in interpreting drug testing results. In this work, we developed a liquid chromatographic method for the separation of amphetamine and methamphetamine enantiomers isolated from human hair samples. The drug enantiomers were separated on a chiral stationary phase after derivatization with an achiral fluorescent agent. The methodology was evaluated with a Standard Reference Material that contained several drugs of abuse including amphetamine and methamphetamine. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 378 IS 1 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2366-3 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 752DW UT WOS:000187132600031 PM 14614590 ER PT J AU Lippa, KA Sander, LC Wise, SA AF Lippa, KA Sander, LC Wise, SA TI Chemometric studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon shape selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE partial least squares (PLS); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); shape selectivity; polymeric C-18 columns; monomeric C-18 columns; quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; STATIONARY PHASES; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; HPLC COLUMNS; RETENTION; SEPARATION; ISOMERS; SOLUTES; PREDICTION AB The molecular shape recognition differences between monomeric and polymeric C-18 stationary phases in the reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separation of unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MPAHs) are examined through the use of partial least squares (PLS) analysis techniques. The resulting PLS models are able to describe the enhanced shape selectivity of the polymeric phase for recognizing subtle structural differences among planar and nonplanar isomers. PLS component analyses of these models reveal that spatial and topological descriptors are primarily used to rank structural differences among the PAHs (i.e., fused-ring patterns, molecular length and breadth) that control such shape-selective chromatographic processes. This is consistent with the view that polymeric alkyl chain stationary phases contain size- and shape-specific "slots" that promote the separation of structurally-related solutes. In contrast, the monomeric phase model is limited in resolving both the isomer classes and the nonplanarity shape differences among the PAHs. However, an improvement of shape recognition on the monomeric phase was elucidated by the PLS model for two PAHs (phenanthro[3,4-c]phenanthrene and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene) exhibiting the most extreme nonplanarity. These results suggest that a limited amount of space between alkyl chains may exist within the higher-density polymeric phase to recognize shape differences among the bulkier and nonplanar solutes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lippa, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 378 IS 2 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2419-7 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 763QV UT WOS:000188112700017 PM 14647936 ER PT J AU Ganushkina, NY Pulkkinen, TI Kubyshkina, MV Singer, HJ Russell, CT AF Ganushkina, NY Pulkkinen, TI Kubyshkina, MV Singer, HJ Russell, CT TI Long-term evolution of magnetospheric current systems during storms SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; current systems; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; storms and substorms ID RING CURRENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; CURRENT SHEET; MODEL; TAIL; MAGNETOPAUSE; IONS; DST AB We present a method to model the storm-time magnetospheric magnetic field using representations of the magnetic field arising from the various magnetospheric current systems. We incorporate the effects of magnetotail changes during substorms by introducing an additional localized thin current sheet into the Tsyganenko T89 model. To represent the storm-time ring current the T89 ring current is replaced by a bean-shaped current system, which has a cross section that is close to the observed distribution of trapped particles in the inner magnetosphere and has an eastward flowing inner and westward flowing outer components. In addition to the symmetric ring current, an asymmetric partial ring current is taken into account with closing Region 2 sense field-aligned currents. Magnetopause currents are varied in accordance with solar wind dynamic pressure variations. Three moderate geomagnetic storms when D, reached about - 150 nT and one big storm with D-st about -250 nT are modelled. The model free parameters are specified for each time step separately using observations from GOES 8 and 9. Polar, Interball and Geotail satellites and D-st measurements. The model gives a high time-resolution field representation of the large-scale magnetic field, and a very good reproduction of the D-st index. It is shown that the ring current is most important during intense storms, whereas the near-Earth tail currents contribute more to the D-st index than the ring current during moderate storms. C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, Geophys Res Div, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ganushkina, NY (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Geophys Res Div, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM nataly.ganushkina@fmi.fi RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012 OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X NR 36 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1334 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817TI UT WOS:000221199400019 ER PT J AU Liu, PC Pinho, UF AF Liu, PC Pinho, UF TI Freak waves - More frequent than rare! SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; waves and tides; oceanography : physical; surface waves and tides; air-sea interaction AB Contrary to the widely held notion that considers the occurrence of freak waves in the ocean as being rare, C, from an examination of five years of wave measurements made in the South Atlantic Ocean, we found the occurrence of freak waves is actually more frequent than rare. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ocean Engn, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM paul.c.liu@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1842 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MM UT WOS:000221114000034 ER PT J AU Liu, PC Babanin, AV AF Liu, PC Babanin, AV TI Using wavelet spectrum analysis to resolve breaking events in the wind wave time series SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; (waves and tides); oceanography; physical; (instruments and techniques) ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; GENERATED WAVES; SURFACE-WAVES; STATISTICS; WHITECAPS; WATER; SEA AB This paper presents the development of a new approach, based on wavelet spectrum analysis, for the detection of breaking waves in a time series of surface wave fluctuations. The approach is shown to be capable of producing equivalent wave breaking statistics as field measurements based on detection of whitecaps at a fixed point of observation. This wavelet-based approach is applicable to both deep water and finite depth environments. Based on applications of this approach to the analysis of available field data, a novel classification of wave breaking processes that consists of incipient, developing, and subsiding phases is proposed. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Sch Sci & Engn, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM paul.c.liu@noaa.gov RI Babanin, Alexander/A-6676-2008; OI Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3335 EP 3345 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878JM UT WOS:000225643100001 ER PT J AU Adachi, A Clark, WL Hartten, LM Gage, KS Kobayashi, T AF Adachi, A Clark, WL Hartten, LM Gage, KS Kobayashi, T TI An observational study of a shallow gravity current triggered by katabatic flow SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar CY MAY 13-20, 2003 CL Univ Piura, Piura, PERU HO Univ Piura DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; mesoscale meteorology; waves and tides; instruments and techniques ID WIND-PROFILER OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; VERTICAL MOTION; SOLITARY WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; CONVECTION; INITIATION; TURBULENCE AB Observations from a wind profiler and a meteorological tower are utilized to study the evolution of a gravity current that passed over the Meteorological Research Institute's (MRI) field site in Tsukuba, Japan. The gravity current was created by katabatic flow originating on the mountainous slopes west of the field site. The passage of the shallow current was marked by a pronounced pressure disturbance and was accompanied by vertical circulations seen in the tower and profiler data. Direct vertical-beam measurements are difficult, especially at low heights during high-gradient events like density currents. In this study vertical velocities from the profiler are derived from the four oblique beams by use of the Minimizing the Variance of the Differences (MVD) method. The vertical velocities derived from the MVD method agree well with in situ vertical velocities measured by a sonic anemometer on the tower. The gravity current is analyzed with surface observations. the wind profiler/RASS and tower-mounted instruments. Observations from the profiler/RASS and the tower-mounted instruments illustrate the structure of the gravity current in both wind and temperature fields. The profiler data reveal that there were three regions of waves in the vertical velocity field lee-type waves, a solitary wave and Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. The lee-type waves in the head region of the gravity current seem to have been generated by the gravity current acting as an obstacle to prefrontal flow. The solitary wave was formed from the elevated head of the gravity current that separated from the feeder flow. Profiler vertical-motion observations resolve this wave and enable us to classify it as a Benjamin-Davis-Ono (BDO) type solitary wave. The ducting mechanism that enabled the solitary wave to propagate is also revealed from the wind profiler/RASS measurements. The combination of high-resolution instruments at the MRI site allow us to develop a uniquely detailed picture of a shallow gravity current structure. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kenneth.s.gage@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 11 BP 3937 EP 3950 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885NW UT WOS:000226165200015 ER PT J AU Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Singer, HJ Rosenberg, TJ Engebretson, MJ AF Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Singer, HJ Rosenberg, TJ Engebretson, MJ TI Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside transient event occurrence and motion in the ionosphere and magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE interplanetary physics; interplanetary magnetic fields; discontinuities; magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ID UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; CONVECTION TWIN VORTICES; SOLAR-WIND; IMPULSE EVENTS; HIGH-LATITUDES; BOW SHOCK; MAGNETOMETERS; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE; MODEL AB The pressure pulse model for dayside transient ionospheric events predicts dawnward moving events at and prior to local noon during periods of spiral interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, but duskward moving events at and after local noon during rarer periods of orthospiral IMF orientation. We use this model to interpret ground and geosynchronous magnetometer observations of a duskward-moving transient event that occurred on 10 August 1995 during a period of orthospiral IMF orientation. We then survey geosynchronous GOES-8, 9, and 10 magnetometer observations to determine the directions of motion for 67 isolated magnetic impulse events seen in South Pole magnetograms from 1995-1999. The occurrence patterns and directions of motion inferred from both case and statistical studies are consistent with pressure pulse model predictions. C1 IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Russia. L 3 Commun GSI, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Korotova, GI (reprint author), IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Russia. EM korotova@excite.com RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4197 EP 4202 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100016 ER PT J AU Le, G Chen, SH Zheng, Y Russell, CT Slavin, JA Huang, C Petrinec, SM Moore, TE Samson, J Singer, HJ Yumoto, K AF Le, G Chen, SH Zheng, Y Russell, CT Slavin, JA Huang, C Petrinec, SM Moore, TE Samson, J Singer, HJ Yumoto, K TI Coordinated polar spacecraft, geosynchronous spacecraft, and ground-based observations of magnetopause processes and their coupling to the ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; MHD waves and instabilities ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; DYNAMIC PRESSURE VARIATIONS; PERIOD MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; FIELD LINE RESONANCES; SOLAR-WIND VELOCITY; PC5 WAVE POWER; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSE; LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PULSED RECONNECTION AB In this paper, we present in-situ observations of processes occurring at the magnetopause and vicinity, including surface waves, oscillatory magnetospheric field lines, and flux transfer events, and coordinated observations at geosynchronous orbit by the GOES spacecraft, and on the ground by CANOPUS and 210degrees Magnetic Meridian (210 MM) magnetometer arrays. On 7 February 2002, during a high-speed solar wind stream, the Polar spacecraft was skimming the magnetopause in a post-noon meridian plane for similar to3 h. During this interval, it made two short excursions and a few partial crossings into the magnetosheath and observed quasi-periodic cold ion bursts in the region adjacent to the magnetopause current layer. The multiple magnetopause crossings, as well as the velocity of the cold ion bursts, indicate that the magnetopause was oscillating with an similar to6-min period. Simultaneous observations of Pc5 waves at geosynchronous orbit by the GOES spacecraft and on the ground by the CANOPUS magnetometer array reveal that these magnetospheric pulsations were forced oscillations of magnetic field lines directly driven by the magnetopause oscillations. The magnetospheric pulsations occurred only in a limited longitudinal region in the post-noon dayside sector, and were not a global phenomenon, as one would expect for global field line resonance. Thus, the magnetopause oscillations at the source were also limited to a localized region spanning similar to4 h in local time. These observations suggest that it is unlikely that the Kelvin-Helmholz instability and/or fluctuations in the solar wind dynamic pressure were the direct driving mechanisms for the observed boundary oscillations. Instead, the likely mechanism for the localized boundary oscillations was pulsed reconnection at the magnetopause occurring along the X-line extending over the same 4-h region. The Pc5 band pressure fluctuations commonly seen in high-speed solar wind streams may modulate the reconnection rate as an indirect cause of the observed Pc5 pulsations. During the same interval, two flux transfer events were also observed in the magnetosphere near the oscillating magnetopause. Their ground signatures were identified in the CANOPUS data. The time delays of the FTE signatures from the Polar spacecraft to the ground stations enable us to estimate that the longitudinal extent of the reconnection X-line at the magnetopause was similar to43degrees or similar to5.2 R-E. The coordinated in-situ and ground-based observations suggest that FTEs are produced by transient reconnection taking place along a single extended X-line at the magnetopause, as suggested in the models by Scholer (1988) and Southwood et al. (1988). The observations from this study suggest that the reconnection occurred in two different forms simultaneously in the same general region at the dayside magnetopause: 1) continuous reconnection with a pulsed reconnection rate, and 2) transient reconnection as flux transfer events. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NRC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4329 EP 4350 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100026 ER PT S AU Etchevers, P Martin, E Brown, R Fierz, C Lejeune, Y Bazile, E Boone, A Dai, Y Essery, R Fernandez, A Gusev, Y Jordan, R Koren, V Kowalcyzk, E Nasonova, NO Pyles, RD Schlosser, A Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Strasser, U Verseghy, D Yamazaki, T Yang, ZL AF Etchevers, P Martin, E Brown, R Fierz, C Lejeune, Y Bazile, E Boone, A Dai, Y Essery, R Fernandez, A Gusev, Y Jordan, R Koren, V Kowalcyzk, E Nasonova, NO Pyles, RD Schlosser, A Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Strasser, U Verseghy, D Yamazaki, T Yang, ZL BE Fohn, PMB TI Validation of the energy budget of an alpine snowpack simulated by several snow models (SnowMIP project) SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 38, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanches ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PHYSICAL SNOATACK MODEL; VERSATILE INTEGRATOR; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; SITE AB Many snow models have been developed for various applications such as hydrology, global atmospheric circulation models and avalanche forecasting. The degree dcomplexity of these models is highly, variable, ranging from simple index methods to multilayer models that simulate snow-cover stratigraphy and texture. In the framework of the Snow Model Intercomparison Project (Snow MIP), 23 models were compared using observed Meteorological parameters from two mountainous alpine sites. The analysis here focuses on validation of snow energy-budget simulations. Albedo and snow surface temperature observations allow identification of the more realistic simulations and quantification of errors for two components of the energy budget: the net short- and longwave radiation. In particular, the different albedo parameterizations are evaluated for different snowpack states (in winter and spring). Analysis of results during the melting period allows an investigation of the different ways of partitioning the energy fluxes and reveals 0. 1 the complex feedbacks which Occur when simulating the snow energy budget. Particular attention is paid to the impact of model complexity on the energy-budget components. The model complexity has a major role for the net longwave radiation calculation, whereas the albedo parameterization is the most significant factor explaining the accuracy of the net shortwave radiation simulation. C1 Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Ctr Etudes Neige, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Meteorol Serv Canada, Climate Proc & Earth Observ Div, Quebec City, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Meteo France Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Inst Nacl Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Russian Acad Sci, Lab Soil Water Phys, Inst Water Problems, Moscow 117971, Russia. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OH1, HRL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. COLA, IGES, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Climatol Lab, Moscow 109017, Russia. R E FSI Boulder, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Frontier Observat Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Etchevers, P (reprint author), Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Ctr Etudes Neige, 1441 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. EM pierre.etchevers@meteo.fr RI Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Fernandez-Matia, Alberto/O-4602-2014; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Fierz, Charles/D-3525-2012; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; OI Fernandez-Matia, Alberto/0000-0003-2386-5245; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; Fierz, Charles/0000-0001-9490-6732; Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 NR 30 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 34 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-33-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 38 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.3189/172756404781814825 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBZ93 UT WOS:000228438200025 ER PT S AU Salman, IA AF Salman, IA GP IEEE TI Forecasting models for maintenance work load with seasonal components SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE maintenance; work load; forecasting; Stochastic; seasonal; ARIMA; modeling; autoregression; time series AB This paper presents the results of applying time series forecasting techniques to the forecasting of maintenance work load. In particular, this paper discusses several models developed to forecast the electronics maintenance work load for a weather forecasting system located in Alaska. The maintenance work load for this system typically increases during the winter season. This is mostly due to the system's remote geographic locations and the additional travel time required to reach these locations during the harsh Alaskan winter. Several models were developed and evaluated on the basis of their data fit and forecasting accuracy of seasonal and non-seasonal electronics maintenance work load. In the first part of the analysis, a regression model that uses a serial autocorrelated error correction procedure was developed to model the non-seasonal components of the work load. Seasonal work load components were modeled using seasonal and cyclical indicator variables. The cyclical indicator variables were effective in modeling this system's seasonal work load behavior. A model that uses a combination of seasonal and cyclical indicator variables was also effective in this respect. In the second part of the analysis, seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) techniques were used to model and forecast maintenance work load. A brief description of these forecasting methods and the procedures used to identify an optimal work load forecasting model are provided. Two seasonal ARIMA models were developed: The first model used only maintenance predictor variables; the second model used a combination of maintenance predictor variables and cyclical indicator variables. All of the models were evaluated on the basis of their goodness-of-fit and forecasting accuracy. A seasonal ARIMA model that uses a combination of maintenance predictor variables and cyclical indicator variables had the best goodness-of-fit and provided the most accurate maintenance work load forecast. Cyclical indicator variables were found to be extremely effective in modeling the seasonal behavior of the maintenance work load in both the causal and stochastic models. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Salman, IA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 E West Highway,SSMC2,W-OPS12,Room 16348, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM iyad.salman@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800086 ER PT S AU Fenimore, C Baroncini, V Oelbaum, T Tan, TK Bordoni, BU Castiglione, VB AF Fenimore, C Baroncini, V Oelbaum, T Tan, TK Bordoni, BU Castiglione, VB BE Tescher, AG TI Subjective testing methodology in MPEG video verification SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum DE compression; display measurement; methodology; MPEG; multimedia; non-parametric statistics; progressive-scan video; subjective assessment; video quality AB The development of new video processing, new displays, and new modes of dissemination and usage enables a variety of moving picture applications intended for mobile and desktop devices as well as the more conventional platforms. These applications include multimedia as well as traditional video and require novel lighting environments and bit rates previously unplumbed in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video compression. The migration to new environments poses a methodological challenge to testers of video quality. Both the viewing environment and the display characteristics differ dramatically from those used in well-established subjective testing methods for television. The MPEG Test Committee has adaptated the television-centric methodology to the new testing environments. The adaptations that are examined here include: . The display of progressive scan pictures in the Common Intermediate Format (CIF at 352x288 pixel/frame) and Quarter CIF (QCIF at 176x144 pixel/frame) as well as other, larger moving pictures requires new ways of testing the subjects including different viewing distances and altered ambient lighting. . The advent of new varieties of display technologies suggests there is a need for methods of characterizing them to assure the results of the testing do not depend strongly on the display. . The use of non-parametric statistical tests in test data analysis. In MPEG testing these appear to provide rigorous confidence statements more in line with testing experience than those provided by classical parametric tests. These issues have been addressed in a recent MPEG subjective test. Some of the test results are reviewed; they suggest that these adaptations of long-established subjective testing methodology for TV are capable of providing practical and reliable measures of subjective video quality for a new generation of technology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fenimore, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1117/12.563519 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700048 ER PT J AU Perez-Andujar, A Pibida, L AF Perez-Andujar, A Pibida, L TI Performance of CdTe, HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors for radioactivity measurements SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray spectrometry; CdTe detector; NaI(Tl) detector; HPGe detector AB The characteristics and performances of the NIST High-Purity Germanium (HPGe), Sodium Iodide (NaI(Tl)) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) gamma-ray detectors were studied. The efficiencies, the minimum detectable activities and the energy resolutions of each were measured and compared. The data were analyzed using different software packages. The measurements were performed in a low background radiation environment using calibrated point sources. The CdTe detector showed a higher energy resolution than the NaI(Tl) detector but a lower efficiency than both the HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors. This makes it a suitable detector only for relatively high activity measurements restricted to the 3 5 keV to 200 keV energy range. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8642, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aurelis@coqui.net; leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.10.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 763KW UT WOS:000188085400007 PM 14687635 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Battista, T Hillis-Starr, Z AF Kendall, MS Battista, T Hillis-Starr, Z TI Long term expansion of a deep Syringodium filiforme meadow in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands: the potential role of hurricanes in the dispersal of seeds SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; hurricane; patch dynamics; seagrass; Syringodium filiforme ID HALODULE-WRIGHTII; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ENHALUS-ACOROIDES; COCKBURN SOUND; CORAL-REEF; SEAGRASS; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITIES AB Automated image classification techniques were applied to aerial photographs of a deepwater (10-20 m) Syringodium filiforme bed in Buck Island Channel, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands to quantify change in its extent from 1971 to 1999. An increase in seagrass coverage from 1.33 km(2) of sea bottom to 4.34 km(2) was documented. Ninety-two percent of the area already covered in 1971 was still occupied in 1999. In addition, the relative contribution of horizontal expansion of existing beds in 1971 versus that of seed dispersal and growth were estimated. Fifty-four percent of the new seagrass area in 1999 was within the distance of possible horizontal growth of 1971 patches, whereas the rest was outside of this distance suggesting that only dispersal, germination, and subsequent growth of seeds could be. responsible for this new colonization. New seagrass patches were not spread randomly throughout the channel; rather they were concentrated near patch reefs but beyond the usual sand halo typical of reef/seagrass interfaces. The current period of increasing meadow extent is coincident with a greater frequency of hurricanes in the region. Since no other causal mechanism could be identified, we suggest that this higher hurricane frequency enhanced seed and seagrass fragment dispersal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NPS Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, St Croix, VI 00820 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Program, N-SCI-1,Room 9230,1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.09.004 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 764ME UT WOS:000188210000002 ER PT S AU Hogarth, WT Lent, R Brock, RJ AF Hogarth, WT Lent, R Brock, RJ BE Shipley, JB TI Area-based management and sustainable fisheries under the purview of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA fisheries) SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Brock, RJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600001 ER PT S AU Brock, RJ Culhane, BF AF Brock, RJ Culhane, BF BE Shipley, JB TI The no-take research natural area of dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll ID KEYS; RECRUITMENT AB Established in 1992, Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) is one of the most pristine and remote parks in the National Park System. Located approximately 109 km from Key West, Florida, one of the purposes of establishing DRTO was to "protect and interpret a pristine subtropical marine ecosystem, including an intact coral reef ecosystem" (Public Law 102-525, 102nd Congress, 26 October 1992). Fulfilling this purpose has become increasingly difficult as visitation to DRTO has increased 400% over the last two decades, and boat registrations increased 50% during the 1990s. Clearly, potential threats to DRTO's natural and cultural resources have significantly increased since the last General Management Plan for DRTO was completed in 1983. An interdisciplinary team of scientists assessing the area's lush seagrass beds and corals as well as fishery resources undertook a site characterization. It was concluded that the snapper-grouper-grunt complex was overfished, anchor damage was evident, and water quality had at times degraded beyond acceptable state standards for bathing beaches. Clearly, these conditions were unacceptable according to DRTO's Congressional enabling legislation. Guided by National Park Service (NPS) policies pertaining to natural resource management (NPS-77) and presidential Executive Orders 13089 (coral reefs) and 13158 (marine protected areas), DRTO developed a list of draft management alternatives that would better protect the natural and cultural resources of the park, increase educational and scientific research opportunities, and improve the visitor experience. Here we discuss the rationale for developing, siting, and adopting the largest no-take Research Natural Area in the National Park System. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Marine Ecosyst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Brock, RJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Marine Ecosyst Div, F-ST7, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600008 ER PT S AU Yakolavich, M Low, M AF Yakolavich, M Low, M BE Shipley, JB TI Laying the scientific foundation to evaluate ecological recovery in California's Cowcod Conservation Areas SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Yakolavich, M (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600010 ER PT S AU Woonick, L Bertrand, C AF Woonick, L Bertrand, C BE Shipley, JB TI Marine managed areas designated by NOAA fisheries: A characterization study and preliminary assessment SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PROTECTED AREAS; CONSERVATION; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; RESERVES AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries (National Marine Fisheries Service) is the primary agency responsible for management of fisheries and protection of endangered species within coastal and ocean waters of the United States. To this end, NOAA Fisheries, often in conjunction with fishery management councils, has designated various marine protected areas or marine managed areas (MMAs). We present here the results of a characterization study of 67 NOAA Fisheries MMAs that are currently part of the national MMA database. For a subset of 32 sites (48%), we evaluated their effectiveness and determined whether the design and management of the MMA included goals, targets, timelines, and monitoring practices. Large MMAs (>1,000 km(2)) with year-round protections and restrictions are managed by NOAA Fisheries. The MMAs are frequently comanaged with other regional MMAs as part of programmatic systems (88%), such as fishery management plans or recovery plans for endangered and threatened species. Far fewer MMAs (38%) function as biologically linked and connected networks. Nearly half of the MMAs promulgate fishing regulations under the Magnuson-Stevens Act combined with laws for the protection of an endangered or threatened species, and more than half of the sites have been established since 1996. All sites in the subset have goals, but only 63% have specific targets and timelines associated with the goals. Monitoring, most frequently in the form of stock assessments, is routinely performed at 87% of the sites within the subset. Lastly, 50% of the sites were either effective or part of an effective program, as evaluated against an MMA's ability to achieve the goals associated with its designation. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Woonick, L (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 89 EP 103 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600011 ER PT S AU Murawski, S Rago, P Fogarty, M AF Murawski, S Rago, P Fogarty, M BE Shipley, JB TI Spillover effects from temperate marine protected areas SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll ID FISHERY-MANAGEMENT; GEORGES BANK; CLOSED AREAS; RESERVES; HABITAT; DENSITY; DESIGN; SEA AB Economic benefits of permanently closed areas can accrue to fisheries in two ways. Export of reproductive products can increase recruitment in open areas, while movement of harvestable-sized animals provides benefits in the form of "spillover" from the refuge, resulting in elevated catch rates near closed area boundaries. Here, we evaluate potential spillover effects from four large marine protected areas in temperate New England waters, closed beginning in 1994. True spillover, as differentiated from seasonal, ontogenetic, or environmentally driven movements, requires differential densities within and adjacent to the closed areas. Density-related spillover, thus, is typified by a biomass or abundance gradient beginning at the boundary and declining as a function of increasing distance. Moderate rates of dispersion are required to establish the density gradient, which may be enhanced by differential distribution of fishing intensity. We tested for density gradients as a function of distance from the closed areas using otter trawl tow-by-tow data collected by scientific observers aboard commercial fishing vessels. Data were adjusted for tow duration (e.g., kg/h towed). A total of 51 species-area combinations were evaluated for the presence of density gradients consistent with implied spillover effects. Of this total, five species-area combinations exhibited statistically significant declines in catch rates with distance. These significant combinations were generally consistent with research vessel surveying information showing year-round catches higher inside the closed area as compared to adjacent open areas after they were closed (e.g., "reserve effects"). Combined groundfish species catches did not show significant declining trends as functions of distances from the four closed areas, nor did the numbers of species caught per haul. Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus associated with Closed Area I demonstrated the most pronounced apparent spillover, but the pattern of relative fish density at the reserve boundary exhibited a seasonal cycle associated with spawning. We conclude that spillover effects are not a universal consequence of siting marine protected areas in temperate waters but are related to the specifics of the degree of random and directional movements, the fishing intensity field in the adjoining open areas, seasonal migration patterns, and optimal habitat preferences of individual species in relation to the placement of reserve boundaries, all of which may confound the interpretation of spillover. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Murawski, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 167 EP 184 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600016 ER PT S AU Bohnsack, JA Ault, JS Causey, B AF Bohnsack, JA Ault, JS Causey, B BE Shipley, JB TI Why have no-take marine protected areas? SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RESERVES; ECOSYSTEMS; SUSTAINABILITY; ISSUES AB Although the title of this symposium implied a focus on fully protected marine areas, most presentations actually dealt with a range of traditional "marine protected areas" or "marine managed areas" that offer less than "full" resource protection. Some presentations noted a backlash against establishing no-take reserves. Here we provide 17 reasons why there is a strong scientific, management, and public interest in using no-take marine reserves to build sustainable fisheries and protect marine ecosystems. We also discuss some underlying technical and philosophical issues involved in the opposition to their usage. C1 NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Bohnsack, JA (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jim.bohnsack@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2004 VL 42 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600017 ER PT S AU Curtis, RE McConnell, KE AF Curtis, RE McConnell, KE BE Shipley, JB TI Incorporating information and expectations in fishermen's spatial decisions SO AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS AS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TOOLS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Aquatic Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tools CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Curtis, RE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 E West Highway,12752, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-62-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 42 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BAV67 UT WOS:000223814600025 ER PT J AU Hwang, H Fisher, SW Kim, K Landrum, PF AF Hwang, H Fisher, SW Kim, K Landrum, PF TI Comparison of the toxicity using body residues of DDE and select PCB congeners to the midge, Chironomus riparius, in partial-life cycle tests SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SEDIMENT EFFECT CONCENTRATIONS; LAWRENCE-RIVER BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; RAINBOW-TROUT; INVERTEBRATES; RESPONSES AB Due to the long time course required to achieve steady state with highly lipophilic contaminants such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), data derived from short-term toxicity tests may lead to an erroneous interpretation of hazard. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulated over time can cause sublethal impairments in organisms at concentrations much lower than required for mortality. Here, the body residues of 1, 1 -dichloro-2,2-bis-p-chlorophenyl ethane (DDE) and select PCB congeners associated with a spectrum of chronic effects in the midge, Chironomus riparius, were evaluated. The route of exposure was ingestion of the PCB-contaminated alga, Chlorella vulgarus, and trout chow loaded with the selected test compound. Two separate exposures of midges were performed. In the first experiment, midges were exposed from the second instar to the pupal stage. In the second exposure, midges were exposed from the second instar to the adult stage. A variety of sublethal endpoints was monitored, including developmental time within a stadium, body weight, and fecundity for the female adult. The dose was assessed as the whole body residue concentration of the contaminant. Overall, the midge concentration increased with increasing exposure concentration in algae and trout chow. Body weight at the end of each stadium was the assessment parameter that was least significantly affected among the test endpoints monitored. In contrast, a significant increase in development time was the endpoint that was most frequently observed in response to contaminant exposure. Reduction in fecundity was found only for DDE-exposed midges. These data, in which chronic endpoints are related to body residues, suggest that body residues will be useful in defining sublethal hazards of DDE and some PCB congeners. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Fisher, SW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1735 Neil Ave 103, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 759WR UT WOS:000187774600005 PM 15025162 ER PT B AU Randa, J Walker, DK AF Randa, J Walker, DK GP ieee TI Amplifier noise-parameter measurement checks and verification SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, SPRING 2004: ON WAFER CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd ARFTG Conference CY JUN 11, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Automat RF Tech Grp DE amplifier; noise; noise measurement; noise parameters ID UNCERTAINTIES AB We propose two verification methods for measurements of noise parameters of amplifiers, particularly low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). One method is a direct measurement of the parameter T-rev, the noise temperature from the amplifier input, and the comparison of that to the value derived from the noise-parameter measurement. The other check involves the measurement of the noise parameters for the amplifier with an isolator connected to the input and comparison to the noise parameters of the amplifier alone. Relationships between the noise parameters with and without the isolator are given. We demonstrate both verification methods with measurements on a sample LNA in the 8 - 12 GHz range. Uncertainties in the noise parameters are evaluated using a previously developed Monte Carlo method, and both checks are found to be satisfied within the uncertainties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM randa@boulder.nist.gov; dwalker@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8371-0 PY 2004 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.2004.1387853 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBH92 UT WOS:000225593000007 ER PT B AU Jargon, JA Gupta, KC DeGroot, DC AF Jargon, JA Gupta, KC DeGroot, DC GP ieee TI Nonlinear large-signal scattering parameters: Theory and applications SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, SPRING 2004: ON WAFER CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd ARFTG Conference CY JUN 11, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Automat RF Tech Grp ID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; DOMAIN AB We introduce nonlinear large-signal scattering () parameters, a new type of frequency-domain mapping that relates incident and reflected signals for sparse-tone inputs. We present a general form of nonlinear large-signal S-parameters and show that they reduce to classic Sparameters in the absence of nonlinearities. Nonlinear large-signal impedance (Z) and admittance (Q) parameters are also introduced, and equations relating the different representations are derived. We illustrate how nonlinear large-signal S-parameters can be used as a tool in the design process of a nonlinear circuit, specifically a single-diode I GHz frequency-doubler. For the case where a nonlinear model is not readily available, we developed a method of extracting nonlinear large-signal S-parameters obtained with artificial neural network models trained with multiple measurements made by a nonlinear vector network analyzer equipped with two sources. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8371-0 PY 2004 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.2004.1387873 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBH92 UT WOS:000225593000024 ER PT S AU Ye, J Jones, RJ Chen, L Holman, KW Jones, DJ AF Ye, J Jones, RJ Chen, L Holman, KW Jones, DJ BE Karshenboim, SG TI Applications of ferntosecond laser comb to nonlinear molecular spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICS, CLOCKS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 302nd WE-Heraeus Seminar on Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants CY JUN, 2003 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP WE Heraeus Stift ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; PHASE-CONTROL; PULSE AMPLIFICATION; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; LIGHT-PULSES; GENERATION; NM; STABILIZATION AB Recent progress in precision control of pulse repetition rate and carrier-envelope phase of ultrafast lasers has established a strong connection between optical frequency metrology and ultrafast science. A wide range of applications has ensued, including measurement of absolute optical frequencies, precision laser spectroscopy, optical atomic clocks, and optical frequency synthesis in the frequency- domain, along with pulse timing stabilization, coherent synthesis of optical pulses, and phase-sensitive extreme nonlinear optics in the time-domain. In this contributiori we discuss the impact of the femtosecond optical frequency comb to molecular spectroscopy. Measurements performed in the frequency-domain provide a global picture of molecular structure at high precision while providing radio frequency clock signals derived from molecular optical standards. Time-domain analysis and experiments give us new possibilities for nonlinear optical spectroscopy and sensitive detections with real-time information. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-21967-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2004 VL 648 BP 275 EP 295 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAU25 UT WOS:000223571400017 ER PT S AU Colton, MC Powell, AM Jordan, G Mote, J Hage, J Frank, D AF Colton, MC Powell, AM Jordan, G Mote, J Hage, J Frank, D BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Minding the gaps: New insights into R&D management and operational transitions of NOAA satellite products SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE satellite applications; roadmaps; R&D performance management AB The NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), formerly ORA, Office of Research and Applications, consists of three research and applications divisions that encompass satellite meteorology, oceanography, climatology, and cooperative research with academic institutions. With such a wide background of talent, and a charter to develop operational algorithms and applications, STAR scientists develop satellite-derived land, ice, ocean, and atmospheric environmental data products in support of all of NOAAis mission goals. In addition, in close association with the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, STAR scientists actively work with the numerical modeling communities of NOAA, NASA, and DOD to support the development of new methods for assimilation of satellite data. In this new era of observations from many new satellite instruments, STAR aims to effectively integrate these data into multi-platform data products for utilization by the forecast and applications communities. Much of our work is conducted in close partnerships with other agencies, academic institutes, and industry. In order to support the nearly 400 current satellite-derived products for various users on a routine basis from our sister operations office, and to evolve to future systems requires an ongoing strategic planning approach that maps research and development activities from NOAA goals to user requirements. Since R&D accomplishments are not necessarily amenable to precise schedules, appropriate motivators and measures of scientific progress must be developed to assure that the product development cycle remains aligned with the other engineering segments of a satellite program. This article presents the status and results of this comprehensive effort to chart a course from the present set of operational satellites to the future. C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.560212 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600001 ER PT S AU Howard, EG Pereira, JJ Dittberner, GJ Griffin, M Burke, HH AF Howard, EG Pereira, JJ Dittberner, GJ Griffin, M Burke, HH BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Remote sensing opportunities for coastal management SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE remote sensing; coastal applications; hyper-spectral sensors; underwater imaging AB In earlier work (2), NOAA's Coastal Service Center in Charleston, S.C. reviewed current remote sensing and took a broader look at that technology applied to coastal resource management. They found 25 application areas and grouped them into 5 broader categories. In this paper we will explain some background and complexity of remote sensing when imaging in shallow water. This region is more complex than the deep ocean but there is synergy or opportunity to combine remote sensing measurements. Then we will summarize the 25 coastal areas of application with regard to spatial, spectral and temporal remote sensing needs including use of potential hyper-spectral sensors. Finally, we use the example of coral reef observations to explain the difficulty in trying to set remote sensing operational rules. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Howard, EG (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 1335 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.556323 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600004 ER PT S AU Heymann, RW Schmith, TJ AF Heymann, RW Schmith, TJ BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Overview of NOAA's hyper-spectral sounding data, communication, and compression activities SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE GOES; communications; hyperspectral; sounder; compression; satellite; spectrum AB Instruments on the next generation operational GOES will generate an expected 50 times greater amount of data than their predecessors on today's GOES. Part of this increase is due to the high-spectral resolution data from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES). The data increase led to the need to research the impact to the GOES satellite's end-to-end communication system, and research compression of hyper-spectral sounder sensor data. The compression research, in mathematics includes, but is not limited to, wavelets, principal components, adaptive clustering, empirical mode decomposition. The high data rates require additional RF spectrum, in the congested 8025-8400 MRZ band X-band. Congestion in the geo orbit X and L-bands mandate extensive efforts to control out-of-band RF emissions. The need for communication signal data quality with few errors (low BER) is essential for NOAA science use. Limited bandwidth and the need to be efficient in bandwidth use, force the consideration of bandwidth efficient modulations. These communication issues force the use of the latest technologies. The research has shown that GOES will be able to downlink all of the future sensor data, and could continue to be used as a communication satellite to distribute large volumes of its sensor information to U.S. and foreign users. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Syst Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Heymann, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Syst Dev, 1335 EW Highway,SSMC1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.562469 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600007 ER PT S AU Huang, BM Ahuja, A Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Heymann, RW AF Huang, BM Ahuja, A Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Heymann, RW BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Predictive partioned vector quantization hyperspectral sounder data compression SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID LOSSLESS COMPRESSION; IMAGES C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat, Bethesda, MD USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.560402 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600008 ER PT S AU Gladkova, I Roytman, L Goldberg, M Weber, J AF Gladkova, I Roytman, L Goldberg, M Weber, J BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Compression of AIRS data using empirical mode decomposition SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE compression; empirical mode decomposition; intrinsic mode functions; Karhunen-Loeve AB In this paper, we consider an application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) introduced by Norden E. Huang in 1996 to the compression of 3D hyperspectral sounding data. The EMD is a new data analysis method which is based on expansion of the data in terms of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). These IMFs are based on and derived from the data set. Since EMD adaptively represent the signal as a sum of "well behaved" amplitude/frequency modulated components, we found it very well suited for the whitening part of the compression scheme. C1 CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.558967 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600010 ER PT S AU Reale, T Thorne, P AF Reale, T Thorne, P BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Satellite upper air network SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE satellite; radiosonde; climate; radiative transfer; accuracy; errors ID PRODUCTS; ERRORS AB During the past 20 years of NOAA operational polar satellites, it has become evident that a growing problem concerning their utilization in Climate and also Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) applications are the systematic errors and uncertainties inherent in the satellite measurements. Similar arguments can be made for global radiosonde observations. These uncertainties are often larger than the sensitive signals and processes, that satellite and radiosonde measurements are designed to reveal, particularly in the realm of climate. Possible strategies to quantify and compensate for these problems include the analysis of satellite overlap data and/or available collocations of satellite and ground truth (radiosonde) observations. However, overlap observations are typically not available except in extreme polar regions and current sampling strategies for compiling collocated radiosonde and satellite observations are insufficient, farther compounding the inherent uncertainties in the ground-truth radiosonde data. A Satellite Upper Air Network is proposed to provide reference radiosonde launches coincident with operational polar satellite(s) overpass. The SUAN consist of 36 global radiosonde stations sub-sampled from the Global Upper Air Network (GUAN), and is designed to provide a robust, global sample of collocated radiosonde and satellite observations conducive to the monitoring and validation of satellite and radiosonde observations. The routine operation of such a network in conjunction with operational polar satellites would provide a long-term of performance for critical observations of particular importance for climate. The following report presents a candidate network of 36 upper-air sites that could comprise a SUAN. Their selection along with the mutual benefit across the satellite, radiosonde, climate, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and radiative transfer (RT) model areas are discussed. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC USA. RP Reale, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC USA. RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12560986 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600014 ER PT S AU Bayler, EJ AF Bayler, EJ BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Satellite ocean remote sensing at NOAA/NESDIS SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB Satellite oceanography within the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationis (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) focuses on observation retrievals and applications to address the NOAA missions of environmental assessment, prediction, and stewardship. Satellite oceanography within NOAA/NESDIS is an end-to-end process, addressing user requirements, sensor design support, observation retrieval research and development, calibration, applications and product research and development, the transition of research to operations, continuing product validation, and operational user support. The breadth of scientific investigation encompasses three functional areas: satellite ocean sensors, ocean dynamics/data assimilation, and marine ecosystems/climate. A cross-cutting science team from these functional areas has been established for each core subject: sea-surface temperature, sea-surface height, sea-surface roughness, ocean color, ocean surface winds, and sea ice. These science teams pursue the science and issues end to end within the core subject, with the primary objective being the transition of research to operations. Data fusion opportunities between science teams are also pursued. Each science team area addresses the common themes of calibration/validation, data assimilation, climate, and operational oceanography. Experimental and operational products, as well as user support, are provided to the user community via the NOAA OceanWatch/CoastWatch program. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bayler, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 711, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.1117/12.562526 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600024 ER PT S AU Goldberg, MD Barnet, CD Wolf, W Zhou, L Divakarla, M AF Goldberg, MD Barnet, CD Wolf, W Zhou, L Divakarla, M BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Distributed real-time operational products from AIRS SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RETRIEVAL; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERES; MOISTURE; SOUNDER AB Since October, 2002, NESDIS has provided specially tailored radiance and retrieval products derived from Aqua AIRS and AMSU-A observations operationally (24 hours x 7 days) to a number of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) centers, including NCEP, ECMWF and the UK Met. Office. Two types of products are available - thinned radiance data and full resolution retrieval products consisting of atmospheric temperature, moisture and ozone as well as surface parameters of temperature and emissivity. The radiances are thinned because of current limitations in communication bandwidth and computational resources at NWP centers. There are two types of thinning: a) spatial and spectral thinning, and b) data compression using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used for a) reconstructing radiances with the properties of reduced noise, b) independent instrument noise estimation, c) quality control, and d) deriving the retrieval first guess used in the AIRS processing software. The radiance products also include cloud cleared radiances. The cloud clearing procedure remove the effect of cloud contamination in partial overcast conditions and have been demonstrated to increase the amount of data that can be treated as clear from 5% to 50%. The AIRS temperature and moisture retrieval are significantly more accurate than AMSU-only retrievals in clear, cloud contaminated and cloud-cleared conditions. Most NWP centers are currently assimilating clear radiances, which we believe severely limits the impact of AIRS data. Fortunately, results presented in this paper have stimulated new upcoming experiments to test the impact of cloud-cleared radiances. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Goldberg, MD (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.559820 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600028 ER PT S AU Barnet, CD Goldberg, M McMillin, L Chahine, MT AF Barnet, CD Goldberg, M McMillin, L Chahine, MT BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Remote sounding of trace gases with the EOS/AIRS instrument SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE AIRS; IASI; CrIS; remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; SPECTRAL CALIBRATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AIRS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; PRELAUNCH; PROFILES; PRODUCTS AB The AIRS instrument was launched on the Aqua satellite in May of 2002. In addition to the core level 2 products, that include cloud cleared radiances; temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles; surface skin temperature; NDVI (from AIRS visible channels); surface spectral emissivity and reflectivity; and cloud products, the AIRS science team is also developing research algorithms for the retrieval of carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These algorithms are being tested by the National Oceanographic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) in simulation and applied to real AIRS radiances. The trace gas retrievals require cloud free infrared radiances. In practice, we observe that AIRS measurements without cloud contamination occur less than 5% of the time. A key feature of the AIRS algorithm is the utilization of cloud cleared radiances that removes the effects of clouds and increases the yield of trace gas products to 50-60%. The increased yield should allow a better assessment of sources and sinks of these gases. Determination of sources and sinks of these trace gas requires an unprecedented precision for a remote sounding measurement. In addition, both the variability and errors in the trace gas products tend to be correlated with variability and errors in other products (e.g., clouds, temperature, moisture, and ozone profile). Multi-spectral, high-resolution measurements can minimize the effects of this correlation. Currently, for the AIRS products, we estimate a precision of 15% for CO, 0.5% for CO2 and 1% for CH4. The remote sounding methodology for these trace gases is discussed in detail. The METOP IASI and NPOESS CrIS instruments can extend the continuity of these trace gas products over the next two decades. Simulation experiments are used to assess the relative performance of the trace gas retrievals from these sounders. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Barnet, CD (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.558704 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600030 ER PT J AU Wallace, LA Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C AF Wallace, LA Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C TI Effect of central fans and in-duct filters on deposition rates of ultrafine and fine particles in an occupied townhouse SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; fine particles; deposition; filtration; air cleaner; field study ID AIR CLEANERS; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; PENETRATION; RESIDENCE; ROOM; FLOW AB Airborne particles are implicated in morbidity and mortality of certain high-risk subpopulations. Exposure to particles occurs mostly indoors, where a main removal mechanism is deposition to surfaces. Deposition can be affected by the use of forced-air circulation through ducts or by air filters. In this study, we calculate the deposition rates of particles in an occupied house due to forced-air circulation and the use of in-duct filters such as electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and fibrous mechanical filters (MECH). Deposition rates are calculated for 128 size categories ranging from 0.01 to 2.5 mum. More than 110 separate "events" (mostly cooking, candle burning, and pouring kitty litter) were used to calculate deposition rates for four conditions: fan off, fan on, MECH installed, ESP installed. For all cases, deposition rates varied in a "U"-shaped distribution with the minimum occurring near 0.1 mum, as predicted by theory. The use of the central fan with no filter or with a standard furnace filter increased deposition rates by amounts on the order of 0.1-0.5 h(-1). The MECH increased deposition rates by up to 2 h(-1) for ultrafine and fine particles but was ineffective for particles in the 0.1-0.5 mum range. The ESP increased deposition rates by 2-3 h(-1) and was effective for all sizes. However, the ESP lost efficiency after several weeks and needed regular cleaning to maintain its effectiveness. A reduction of particle levels by 50% or more could be achieved by use of the ESP when operating properly. Since the use of fans and filters reduces particle concentrations from both indoor and outdoor sources, it is more effective than the alternative approach of reducing ventilation by closing windows or insulating homes more tightly. For persons at risk, use of an air filter may be an effective method of reducing exposure to particles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, LA (reprint author), US EPA, 11568 Woodhollow Court, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM wallace.lance@epa.gov RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009; Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768PA UT WOS:000188550300006 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Lee, RW Bowen, C AF Ralchenko, Y Lee, RW Bowen, C BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Review of the third non-LTE code comparison workshop SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE AB A review of the 3rd workshop on comparison of computer codes for modeling population kinetics in non-LTE plasmas is presented. We discuss the motivation for and advantages of such meetings, selection of test cases, and technical organization of the workshop. Some illustrative examples demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the developed approach to code comparison. The plans for future workshops are presented as well. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400016 ER PT S AU Gillaspy, JD Blagojevic, B Dalgarno, A Fahey, K Kharchenko, V Laming, JM Le Bigot, EO Lugosi, L Makonyi, K Ratliff, LP Schnopper, HW Silver, EH Takacs, E Tan, JN Tawara, H Tokesi, K AF Gillaspy, JD Blagojevic, B Dalgarno, A Fahey, K Kharchenko, V Laming, JM Le Bigot, EO Lugosi, L Makonyi, K Ratliff, LP Schnopper, HW Silver, EH Takacs, E Tan, JN Tawara, H Tokesi, K BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Visible, EUV, and X-ray spectroscopy at the NIST EBIT facility SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; FE-XVII; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; RELATIVE INTENSITY; EMISSION; ASTROPHYSICS; COLLISIONS AB After a brief introduction to the NIST EBIT facility, we present the results of three different types of experiments that have been carried out there recently: EUV and visible spectroscopy in support of the microelectronics industry, laboratory astrophysics using an x-ray microcalorimeter, and charge exchange studies using extracted beams of highly charged ions. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ebit1@nist.gov; vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400025 ER PT J AU Stone, WC AF Stone, WC TI Preface - Special Issue of the Journal of Automation in Construction SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, WC (reprint author), NIST, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Bldg 226-B146, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.stone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.001 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 765BF UT WOS:000188246700001 ER PT J AU Gilsinn, DE Cheok, GS O'Leary, DP AF Gilsinn, DE Cheok, GS O'Leary, DP TI Reconstructing images of barcodes for construction site object recognition SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY SEP, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND DE barcodes; deconvolution; image processing; LADAR; object recognition; sparse matrix AB This work investigates the potential for using LADAR to read barcodes at a range of 10-40 in. The first step is to choose appropriate materials for the barcode and collect data for both the images of bars at various distances and the characteristics of the LADAR beam. The second step is to develop a mathematical model for how intensity images are distorted by LADAR optics and to study how the images might be reconstructed. Our model is a linear convolution equation, and we solve for the original image through a regularized least squares problem. We present the results of our experiments along with evidence that the proprietary LADAR data processing introduces considerable nonlinearities, which must be understood in order to achieve good reconstructions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgilsinn@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov; oleary@nist.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.003 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 765BF UT WOS:000188246700003 ER PT J AU Madhavan, R Durrant-Whyte, HF AF Madhavan, R Durrant-Whyte, HF TI Terrain-aided localization of autonomous ground vehicles SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY SEP, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD DE outdoor localization; map building; iterative closest point; extended Kalman filter; Bayes theorem; entropy; scale space ID NAVIGATION AB The development of a terrain-aided localization framework for autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) operating at high speeds in unstructured, expansive and harsh environments is the subject of this article. The localization framework developed is sufficiently generic to be used on a variety of other autonomous ground vehicles and is demonstrated by its implementation using field data collected from two different trials on two different vehicles. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed localization framework in producing reliable and accurate position estimates for autonomous vehicles operating in a variety of unstructured domains. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sydney, Australian Ctr Field Robot, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@nist.gov; hugh@acfr.usyd.edu.au NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 EI 1872-7891 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.006 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 765BF UT WOS:000188246700007 ER PT J AU Lytle, AM Saidi, KS Bostelman, RV Stone, WC Scott, NA AF Lytle, AM Saidi, KS Bostelman, RV Stone, WC Scott, NA TI Adapting a teleoperated device for autonomous control using three-dimensional positioning sensors: experiences with the NIST RoboCrane SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY SEP, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND DE construction automation; crane control; 3D coordinate measurement machines; robotics; parallel kinematic machine AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Construction Metrology and Automation Group, in cooperation with the NIST Intelligent Systems Division, is researching robotic structural steel placement through an ongoing program entitled "Performance of Innovative Technologies for Automated Steel Construction." This program, initiated in response to an American Institute of Steel Construction request for a 25% reduction in time to erect steel structures, focuses on the development of an Automated Steel Construction Testbed to research advanced concepts in crane automation, laser-based site metrology, laser radar (LADAR) imaging, construction component tracking, sensor-based data exchange and web-enabled 3D-visualization. The steel manipulator used in this test facility is the NIST RoboCrane, a 6 df parallel kinematic machine capable of both teleoperative and programmed control. A laser-based 3D site measurement system (SMS) retrofitted on RoboCrane provides position and orientation (pose) information to reduce errors in the encoder-based control system and map the crane's location relative to other components in the work environment, which enables autonomous path planning and navigation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bld & Fire Res Lab, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lytle, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bld & Fire Res Lab, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alan.lytle@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov; roger.bostelman@nist.gov; william.stone@nist.gov; nicholas.scott@nist.gov NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.009 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 765BF UT WOS:000188246700008 ER PT J AU Lipman, RR AF Lipman, RR TI Mobile 3D visualization for steel structures SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY SEP, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND DE construction; handheld computer; visualization; VRML ID MANAGEMENT AB Until recently, visualization of 3D models required computational resources available only on desktop computers in office environments. With the advance of technology, it is now possible to visualize substantial 3D models on mobile handheld computers in the field. This paper discusses some of the current technology, discusses the use of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language on mobile handheld computers, shows several examples of 3D structural steelwork models visualized on a mobile handheld computer, and identifies some of the limitations imposed by current technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Integrated Bldg Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipman, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Integrated Bldg Proc Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8630, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.lipman@nist.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.008 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 765BF UT WOS:000188246700009 ER PT J AU Munoz, RC Warner, RR AF Munoz, RC Warner, RR TI Testing a new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: sperm competition and size-skew effects in the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; Labridae; protogyny; Scaridae; seagrass beds; size-fecundity skew; social control of sex change; sperm competition ID CORAL-REEF FISH; THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM PISCES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CARIBBEAN COAST; MATING SYSTEMS; MARINE GOBY; HERMAPHRODITISM; EVOLUTION; MALES; PREDATION AB A variety of field studies suggest that sex change in animals may be more complicated than originally depicted by the size-advantage hypothesis. A modification of the size-advantage hypothesis, the expected reproductive success threshold model, proposes that sperm competition and size-fecundity skew can strongly affect reproductive pay offs. Size-fecundity skew occurs if a large female's fecundity is markedly higher than the aggregate of the other members of her social group and, together with paternity dilution from sperm competition, can produce situations in which large females benefit by deferring sex change to smaller females. Deferral by large females can create sex-size distributions characterized by the presence of large females and small sex-changed males, and it is precisely these distributions that the traditional size-advantage model cannot explain. We tested the predictions of the new model with the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians, on coral reefs in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Collections and spawning observations determined that the local environmental regime of S. radians is characterized by pervasive sperm competition (accompanying 30% of spawns) and factors that can produce substantial size-fecundity skew in social groups. Dominant male removal experiments demonstrate that the largest females in social groups often do not change sex when provided an opportunity. Instead, smaller, lower-ranking females change sex when a harem vacancy arises. This pattern of sex change is in contrast to virtually all previous studies of social control of sex change in fishes, but provides strong support for the general predictions of the expected reproductive success threshold model. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov RI Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013 OI Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685 NR 66 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1093/beheco/arg086 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 780AD UT WOS:000189345400015 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Schulz, IR Young, G Nagler, JJ Fukada, H Dickey, JT Cooper, KA Hodges, NG AF Swanson, P Schulz, IR Young, G Nagler, JJ Fukada, H Dickey, JT Cooper, KA Hodges, NG TI Acute waterborne exposure to ethynylestradiol suppresses endocrine signaling in the growth and reproductive systems of salmon. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. PNNL, Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 48 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400108 ER PT J AU Campbell, B Dickey, J Beckman, B Young, G Pierce, A Fukada, H Fairgrieve, W Swaonson, P AF Campbell, B Dickey, J Beckman, B Young, G Pierce, A Fukada, H Fairgrieve, W Swaonson, P TI Growth and ovarian development in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 102 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400162 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Park, LK Devlin, RH Thorgaard, GT AF Phillips, RB Park, LK Devlin, RH Thorgaard, GT TI Sex chromosomes and sex linkage groups in Pacific salmon and trout. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 137 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400197 ER PT S AU Quinn, TP Oreskovic, TL McCowan, CN Washburn, NR AF Quinn, TP Oreskovic, TL McCowan, CN Washburn, NR GP ISA TI Constitutive models for a poly(ecaprolactone) scaffold SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE tissue engineering; scaffold; PCL; mechanical properties; stress-strain curve; finite element model; secant modulus; hyperbolic model ID ARCHITECTURES; POLYMERS; IMPLANTS AB We investigate material models for a porous, polymeric scaffold used for bone. The material was made by co-extruding poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), a biodegradable polyester, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The water soluble PEO was removed resulting in a porous scaffold. The stress-strain curve in compression was fit with a phenomenological model in hyperbolic form. This material model will be useful for designers for quasi-static analysis as it provides a simple form that can easily be used in finite element models. The ASTM D-1621 standard recommends using a secant modulus based on 10% strain. The resulting modulus has a smaller scatter in its value compared to the coefficients of the hyperbolic model, and it is therefore easier to compare material processing differences and ensure quality of the scaffold. A third material model was constructed from images of the microstructure. Each pixel of the micrographs was represented with a brick finite element and assigned the Young's modulus of bulk PCL or a value of 0 for a pore. A compressive strain was imposed on the model and the resulting stresses were calculated. The elastic constants of the scaffold were then computed using Hooke's law for a linear-elastic isotropic material. The model was able to predict the small strain Young's modulus measured in the experiments to within one standard deviation. Thus, by knowing the microstructure of the scaffold, its bulk properties can be predicted from the material properties of the constituents. Keywords: tissue engineering, scaffold, PCL, mechanical properties, stress-strain curve, finite element model, secant modulus, hyperbolic model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600041 ER PT S AU Drexler, ES McCowan, CN Wright, JE Slifka, AJ Ivy, DD Shandas, R AF Drexler, ES McCowan, CN Wright, JE Slifka, AJ Ivy, DD Shandas, R GP ISA TI Comparison of strength properties of normotensive and hypertensive rat pulmonary arteries SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYPOXIC HYPERTENSION AB A series of tests were conducted to quantity the difference in the mechanical properties of normo- and hypertensive pulmonary arteries. A bubble-test design was employed to measure the biaxial properties of a segment of artery. The test results compare the properties at multiple orientations of the trunk, right, and left pulmonary arteries from normal (Control) and monocrotaline-treated male Long-Evans wild rats that ranged in age from 8 to 17 weeks old, along with some preliminary results from hypoxic Long-Evans knock-out rats. Data show little difference between the stress-strain relationship of the control pulmonary arteries and that of the monocrotaline-treated pulmonary arteries. However, the preliminary results from the hypoxic pulmonary arteries show that the arterial material strains less before the onset of strain-stiffening behavior. The longitudinal orientation exhibits strain stiffening at lower strains than does the circumferential orientation. The differences between the left and night main arteries are minor. The trunk consistently demonstrates less stiffening in the region of larger strains for all conditions. C1 NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Shandas, Robin/0000-0002-9473-7542 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600049 ER PT S AU Wright, JE Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ McCowan, CN Ivy, DD Shandas, R AF Wright, JE Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ McCowan, CN Ivy, DD Shandas, R GP ISA TI Stress and strain in rat pulmonary artery material during a biaxial bubble test SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE biaxial test; bubble test; mechanical properties of tissue; pulmonary artery; pulmonary hypertension; stress-strain behaviour of tissue ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYPERTENSION; WALL AB A biaxial bubble test has been designed to ascertain the mechanical properties of rat pulmonary arteries. The analytical procedure used to estimate stress and strain from the resulting test data is presented along with some analytical results. The bubble test was performed by loading a flat piece of rat pulmonary artery into a test fixture beneath a circular opening, the material was subsequently pressurized from below, producing a "bubble" of deformed material. Due to the anisotropy of the rat pulmonary artery, the resulting bubble was ellipsoidal in shape. Test results were recorded in the form of side-view images taken from various angles at incremental values of pressure. Average strains were estimated with the use of image analysis to measure changes in the bubble perimeter during inflation. Formulations for isotropic materials were applied to estimate stresses based on the anisotropic geometry of the bubbles produced during testing, some results of this preliminary analysis are presented here. Results from this analysis show differences in mechanical properties of the rat pulmonary artery from those of healthy versus hypertensive rats. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wright, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Shandas, Robin/0000-0002-9473-7542 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600050 ER PT S AU Slifka, AJ Panchawagh, H Mahajan, RL Finch, D Rorrer, RAL AF Slifka, AJ Panchawagh, H Mahajan, RL Finch, D Rorrer, RAL GP ISA TI Static and quasi-static calibration of a bioMEMS device SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE AFM; bio-MEMS; calibration; MEMS; MEMS model ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; MECHANICAL STRAIN; TRACTION FORCE; CONTRACTION; CELLS; MOTILITY AB A bio-MEMS device that has been designed to stimulate cells by oscillatory actuation in the vertical direction has been calibrated. The displacement of this device was determined experimentally by a laser interferometer when actuated by a static voltage, and by an atomic force microsope when actuated quasi-statically at 0.1 Hz. Both experimental calibrations were compared to a simple model. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600071 ER PT S AU Godil, A Ressler, S Grother, P AF Godil, A Ressler, S Grother, P BE Jain, AK Ratha, NK TI Face recognition using 3D facial shape and color map information: Comparison and combination SO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 3D Face recognition; PCA; fusion; multimodal; biometric; CAESAR anthropometric database AB In this paper. we investigate the use of 3D surface geometry for face recognition and compare it to one based on color map information. The 3D surface and color map data are from the CAESAR anthropometric database. We find that the recognition performance is not very different between 3D surface and color map information using a principal component analysis algorithm. We also discuss the different techniques for the combination of the 3D surface and color map information for multi-modal recognition by using different fusion approaches and show that there is significant improvement in results. The effectiveness of various techniques is compared and evaluated on a dataset with 200 subjects in two different positions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5327-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5404 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1117/12.540754 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW59 UT WOS:000223908800036 ER PT J AU Brabazon, DM Abdulaev, NG Ridge, KD Marino, JP AF Brabazon, DM Abdulaev, NG Ridge, KD Marino, JP TI Mapping structural changes in the G protein transducin upon binding a soluble mimic of light-activated rhodopsin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechol, Rockville, MD USA. UMBI, Ctr Adv Res Biotechol, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 17A EP 17A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200083 ER PT J AU Vrettos, J Meuse, C AF Vrettos, J Meuse, C TI Protein structural stability by infrared techniques SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 85A EP 85A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200442 ER PT J AU Paliwal, A Bossev, D Paulaitis, ME AF Paliwal, A Bossev, D Paulaitis, ME TI SANS study of high pressure unfolding of staphylococcal nuclease. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 88A EP 88A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200456 ER PT J AU Bradrick, TD Marino, JP AF Bradrick, TD Marino, JP TI Small molecule binding to HIV-1 TAR RNA as monitored by ligand-induced changes in 2-aminopurine fluorescence SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 143A EP 143A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200737 ER PT J AU Romero, D Cheng, GJ Dunmire, D Walker, AH AF Romero, D Cheng, GJ Dunmire, D Walker, AH TI Surface-enhanced magneto-Raman spectroscopy of ferritin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 150A EP 150A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200777 ER PT J AU Dunmire, D Walker, AH AF Dunmire, D Walker, AH TI Stuctural studies of biomolecules with microfluidic SERS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 151A EP 151A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200778 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Krogmeier, JR Giulian, GG Goldner, LS Merril, CR AF Hwang, J Krogmeier, JR Giulian, GG Goldner, LS Merril, CR TI Real-time fluorescence polarization modulation microscopy of the dynamic boundary in SDS-PAGE and the interfaces of lipid fusion and diffusion. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIMH, Lab Biochem Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 320A EP 320A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201650 ER PT J AU Sanabia, JE Goldner, LS Lacaze, PA Hawkins, ME AF Sanabia, JE Goldner, LS Lacaze, PA Hawkins, ME TI Single molecule detection of 3-MI SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 327A EP 327A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201684 ER PT J AU Hwang, JS Krogmeier, JR Tokumasu, F Briggman, KA Dvorak, JA AF Hwang, JS Krogmeier, JR Tokumasu, F Briggman, KA Dvorak, JA TI Photoluminescence studies of CdSe nanocrystals conjugated with biomolecules. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIAID, Malaria Res Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 481A EP 482A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202483 ER PT J AU Dana, CD Krueger, S Noel, J Winkel-Shirley, B AF Dana, CD Krueger, S Noel, J Winkel-Shirley, B TI Structral characterization of the flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Winkel, Brenda/A-6602-2008 OI Winkel, Brenda/0000-0003-3481-024X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 492A EP 492A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202540 ER PT J AU Saiz, L Klein, ML AF Saiz, L Klein, ML TI The transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations on synthetic peptide models. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 543A EP 543A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202802 ER PT J AU Mihailescu, MR Marino, JP AF Mihailescu, MR Marino, JP TI The nucleocapsid catalyzed maturation of the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 is modulated by pH-dependent RNA conformational dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 594A EP 594A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203064 ER PT J AU Mirowski, E Moreland, J Russek, SR Donahue, MJ AF Mirowski, E Moreland, J Russek, SR Donahue, MJ TI Confined rotational manipulation of magnetic beads by a magnetic tweezers platform based on an array of spin-valve traps SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 600A EP 600A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203100 ER PT J AU Yim, PB Goldner, LS Bardo, AM DeJong, ES Marino, JP AF Yim, PB Goldner, LS Bardo, AM DeJong, ES Marino, JP TI Characterization of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between pairs of fluorophores using a RNA ruler SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 605A EP 606A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203129 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE Tarek, N Neumann, DA Tobias, DJ AF Curtis, JE Tarek, N Neumann, DA Tobias, DJ TI Co-solvent stabilization of proteins: Unary and binary glasses and effective dehydration SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Henri Poincare, Equipe Dynam Assemblages Membranaires, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 619A EP 619A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203200 ER PT J AU Richards, WJ AF Richards, WJ TI Donald Perrin de Sylva (1929-2004) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Richards, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, 75 Virgina Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bill.richards@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900001 ER PT J AU Thorpe, T Jensen, CF Moser, ML AF Thorpe, T Jensen, CF Moser, ML TI Relative abundance and reproductive characteristics of sharks in southeastern North Carolina coastal waters SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; BONNETHEAD SHARK; SPHYRNA-TIBURO; BLACKTIP SHARK; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; AGE; BAY AB We conducted a two-year gillnet survey of the relative abundance, species diversity, and reproductive condition of sharks from southeastern North Carolina coastal waters. Sixteen shark species were recorded of which Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson, 1836) was the most common, representing >80% of the total catch in both years. Large coastal species such as Carcharhinus limbatus (Muller and Henle, 1839) and Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) were caught infrequently, representing 1% of the total catch. Juvenile, or sub-adult size classes in the total catch were dominated by Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1839), Carcharhinus obscurus (LeSueur, 1818), C. plumbeus, and Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810. Sub-adult, or adult size classes in the total catch were dominated by Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758), C. limbatus, Carcharhinus isodon (Muller and Henle, 1839), and Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860). The smallest mature specimen of R. terraenovae, C. limbatus (female) and C. isodon were smaller than previously documented minimum sizes at maturity. Based on the association of gravid females present in catches with neonates, or small juveniles of the same species, southeastern North Carolina was identified as a primary and/or secondary nursery ground for R. terraenovae, C. brevipinna, C. acronotus and C. obscurus during the months of investigation. Our data also suggest that C. limbatus and Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) use southeastern North Carolina as a nursery ground, although more infrequently. Similarly, C. plumbeus uses southeastern North Carolina as an over-wintering ground and neonates are reported infrequently. Almost 100% mature female R. terraenovae and S. tiburo were gravid; most were caught from August-October. Embryos of S. tiburo, based on growth rate extrapolation, were at documented parturition size by September. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorpe, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM thorpet1@earthlink.net NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900002 ER PT J AU Comyns, BH Lyczkowski-Shultz, J AF Comyns, BH Lyczkowski-Shultz, J TI Diel vertical distribution of atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, larvae in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico with comparisons to red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISH LARVAE; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; MIGRATIONS; TRANSPORT; ANGUILLA; EGGS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; LEPTOCEPHALI; ZOOPLANKTON AB Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulates (Linnaeus, 1766) larvae <6 mm showed a distinct pattern of vertical stratification in inner-shelf waters (<25 m depth) of the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Discrete-depth plankton collections were taken at night, early morning after daylight, and at mid-day or early afternoon at 1, 5, and 11-16 m. No consistent pattern among cruises was evident in the vertical stratification of Atlantic croaker larvae found in mid-day and afternoon collections, but at night the highest abundances were observed at the deepest depths sampled. Atlantic croaker larvae were least abundant in surface waters (1 m) at night. Of the 66,913 Atlantic croaker larvae collected, only 346 specimens (<1%) were found in I in collections at night, and 266 of these larvae were from a single collection of large specimens (mean = 6.7 mm). By morning the vertical distribution of larvae suggested that Atlantic croaker had moved up in the water column, and highest abundances were usually found at 5 in. There was no indication that patterns of larval distribution reflected hydrographic stratification within the water column, prey availability, size of larvae, or moonlight intensity. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Comyns, BH (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Coll Marine Sci, Dept Coastal Sci, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. EM bruce.comyns@usm.edu NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900006 ER PT J AU Wahle, RA Incze, LS Fogarty, MJ AF Wahle, RA Incze, LS Fogarty, MJ TI First projections of American lobster fishery recruitment using a settlement index and variable growth SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; CRAB RECRUITMENT; PANULIRUS-CYGNUS; LARGE-SCALE; LIPOFUSCIN; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; PRESETTLEMENT; GAMMARUS; PATTERNS AB Standardized suction sampling techniques were used to monitor postlarval settlement of Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 at selected cobble nursery sites in mid-coast Maine and Rhode Island from 1989-2001. Inter-annual variations in settlement (high and low densities) were common in both regions, but from 1995 through 2000 only tow settlement densities were recorded in the study area in Maine. This was reversed in 2001 with record high settlement. We show that settlement strength determines cohort abundance at least to age one before lobsters disperse from nurseries. However, because of variable growth rates and the 4-9 yr time lag between settlement and fishery recruitment, it has been difficult to assess the impact of inter-annual differences in settlement on future fishery trends. This is the first attempt to provide population projections based on initial settlement data for the American lobster. We developed a growth model that projects the impact of the observed settlement patterns on future fishery landings. The model incorporates variations in individual growth rates obtained from prior field and laboratory studies. Growth variability masks most of the observed inter-annual fluctuations in settlement, but not multiple years of low values. The projections assume no density-dependence following settlement and that sites sampled are representative of settlement trends over a significant area. The growing time series will provide an assessment of the model and its assumptions over the next several years, thereby testing the efficacy of using settlement as an early warning of population changes in this species. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wahle, RA (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM rwahle@bigelow.org NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 101 EP 114 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900008 ER PT J AU Steenburgh, WJ AF Steenburgh, WJ TI One hundred inches in one hundred hours - The complex evolution of an intermountain winter storm cycle SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLD FRONTS; MOUNTAINS; PRECIPITATION C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Steenburgh, WJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 S 1460 E Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jimsteen@met.utah.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-1-16 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775WB UT WOS:000189082700002 ER PT J AU Martin, GB Thorrold, SR Jones, CM AF Martin, GB Thorrold, SR Jones, CM TI Temperature and salinity effects on strontium incorporation in otoliths of larval spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION RATIOS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FISH OTOLITHS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SR/CA RATIOS; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; WATERBORNE STRONTIUM; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; ANGUILLA-JAPONICA AB Temperature dependence of strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in foraminiferal calcite and coral aragonite is well established; however, factors controlling Sr/Ca ratios in fish otoliths remain obscure. To assess temperature dependence of Sr/Ca in marine fish otoliths, we reared spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) larvae under controlled temperature (17-26 degreesC) and salinity (15e and 25e). We found a significant linear relationship between temperature and Sr/Ca ratios, with a sensitivity of approximately 5%.degreesC(-1). Otolith Sr/Ca values were also significantly higher at a salinity of 25e vs. 15e, after accounting for differences in dissolved Sr/Ca ratios in the ambient water, with a sensitivity of approximately 1%/salinity (e). These observations complicate the use of Sr/Ca ratios to determine temperature histories of spot larvae, because accurate temperature reconstructions are possible only with a priori knowledge of both ambient salinity and dissolved Sr/Ca ratios. Fully marine species residing in oceanic waters will not experience significant salinity variations; therefore, otolith Sr/Ca ratios may be useful recorders of temperature exposure. Otolith Sr/Ca thermometry in coastal fish species that make regular excursions into estuarine waters will be more problematic. Multiple geochemical tracers, including oxygen stable isotopes and other trace elements, may be necessary to accurately reconstruct temperature and salinity histories in these species. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martin, GB (reprint author), NOAA, NCCOS, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Gretchen.Bath.Martin@noaa.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 NR 52 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1139/F03-143 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 802BR UT WOS:000220139500004 ER PT J AU Robson, BW Goebel, ME Baker, JD Ream, RR Loughlin, TR Francis, RC Antonelis, GA Costa, DP AF Robson, BW Goebel, ME Baker, JD Ream, RR Loughlin, TR Francis, RC Antonelis, GA Costa, DP TI Separation of foraging habitat among breeding sites of a colonial marine predator, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; BERING SEA; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; LOCATION ACCURACY; ELEPHANT SEALS; AREA FIDELITY; TRACKING DATA; FEMALE; BEHAVIOR; ARGOS AB This study examines whether lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from different breeding sites on the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea forage in separate areas. Satellite transmitters were attached to 97 northern fur seal females from nine breeding areas for 119 complete foraging trips during the 1995 and 1996 breeding seasons. Females from St. Paul and St. George islands tended to travel in different directions relative to their breeding site in both years of the study. St. Paul Island females dispersed in all directions except to the southeast, where St. George Island females foraged. Habitat separation was also observed among breeding areas on northeastern and southwestern St. Paul Island and to a lesser degree on northern and southern St. George Island. Although foraging direction led to geographical separation among sites, the maximum distance traveled and the duration of foraging trips did not differ significantly among islands in either year. The results of this study document that lactating fur seals from the same site share a common foraging area and that females from different breeding sites tend to forage in separate areas and hydrographic domains. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Robson, BW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brucerobson@comcast.net NR 66 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1139/Z03-208 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 811XE UT WOS:000220803800003 ER PT J AU Dennis, GD Hensley, D Colin, PL Kimmel, JJ AF Dennis, GD Hensley, D Colin, PL Kimmel, JJ TI New records of marine fishes from the Puerto Rican Plateau SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE ichthyofauna; waif fauna; reef fauna; biogeography ID WESTERN ATLANTIC; BRITISH-HONDURAS; CARIBBEAN SEA; LIFE-HISTORY; REEF FISHES; PISCES; GENUS; BELIZE AB Forty-six new records of marine fishes to the Puerto Rican Plateau are reported here with notes on their habitat and life history. The lack of previous reports of many of these species is due to three main reasons: poorly sampled habitats, improved taxonomy, and being a part of a waif fauna. Twenty-one taxa are reported from previously inadequately sampled deep water (> 20 m) habitats. Twelve additional species are reported from shallow water in poorly sampled habitats, such as mangroves, soft bottom, or rocky shores. Revision in taxonomy and careful examination revealed seven taxa that are taxonomically distinct from forms previously reported from the area. Finally six rare forms may comprise a waif fauna that infrequently colonizes the region. C1 Caribbean Marine Res Ctr, Vero Beach, FL 32963 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Coral Reef Res Fdn, Koror 96940, Palau. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. RP Dennis, GD (reprint author), Caribbean Marine Res Ctr, 805 E 46th Pl, Vero Beach, FL 32963 USA. EM george_dennis@fws.gov NR 102 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 70 EP 87 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 815HN UT WOS:000221033500009 ER PT J AU Chiappone, M Swanson, DW Miller, SL Dienes, H AF Chiappone, M Swanson, DW Miller, SL Dienes, H TI Spatial distribution of lost fishing gear on fished and protected offshore reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fishing; Florida Keys; marine debris; marine reserves; stratified sampling ID DEBRIS; IMPACTS; TRENDS; ISLAND AB Despite a long history of intensive fishing, information on the spatial extent and biological impacts of fishing gear is lacking in the Florida Keys. We studied spatial distribution, density, and length of lost fishing gear and other non-fishing-related debris at 63 shallow-water (< 8 m) sites. The sites comprised high-relief spur and groove and low-relief hard-bottom habitats; three geographic regions; and three types of management areas: open to fishing, restricted to catch and release fishing by trolling only, and no fishing. Three-hundred pieces of lost fishing gear and other debris were removed from 25,200 m(2) of benthic habitat. Lost hook-and-line gear was the most prominent debris (87%). No significant differences in mean debris densities were detected between habitats studied or among geographic regions. Mean densities of lost hook-and-line gear, lobster trap gear, and total debris were similar among the three management area types in high-relief spur and groove, while lost hook-and-line gear and total debris were significantly greater in no-fishing zones compared to fished areas in low-relief hard-bottom. In designated no-fishing zones, lost fishing was spatially pervasive and comprised the majority of marine debris in the habitats surveyed. Some of the lost fishing gear was probably present before the designation of no-fishing zones in 1997; the preponderance of lost gear in these areas may indicate that they attract anglers. Monitoring of lost fishing gear can help to assess compliance and biological impacts in the Florida Keys and the patterns documented highlight the challenge to patrolling a large marine protected area. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. Univ N Carolina, NOAA, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chiappone, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 515 Caribbean Dr, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. EM chiapponem@uncwil.edu NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 312 EP 326 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 887IY UT WOS:000226300400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Harper, DS Vogel, GL Schumacher, G AF Zhang, JZ Harper, DS Vogel, GL Schumacher, G TI Effect of an essential oil mouthrinse, with and without fluoride, on plaque metabolic acid production and pH after a sucrose challenge SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE essential oil mouthrinse; fluoride; metabolic acids; plaque; pH ID HUMAN DENTAL PLAQUE; ANTISEPTIC MOUTHRINSE; GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION; FLUID; RELEASE; SALIVA; RINSE; IONS AB This clinical study evaluated the effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse, with or without 100 mg/kg fluoride ion, on the plaque metabolic acid production and plaque pH response after a sucrose challenge. This observer-blind, randomized study used a three-way crossover design. Twenty-four subjects rinsed with 20 ml of one of the following rinses: ( 1) essential oil ( EO) mouthrinse, ( 2) essential oil mouthrinse plus 100 mg/kg fluoride, or ( 3) negative control, for 30 s, twice daily for 16 days. On day 17, 1 h after the last mouthrinse, subjects rinsed with 20 ml of mass fraction 10% sucrose solution for 1 min. Seven minutes after the sucrose challenge, supragingival plaque was collected from molar and premolar teeth. Plaque pH and metabolic acid ions were analyzed using a micro pH electrode and capillary electrophoresis, respectively. The results showed that after EO mouthrinse dental plaque produced 36% less lactate, 36% less acetate and 44% less propionate than after the negative control rinse. The dental plaque also exhibited a pH 0.42 unit higher after EO rinse than after the negative control rinse. These results were not affected by the addition of 100 mg/kg fluoride to the EO mouthrinse. From these results we concluded that this EO antiseptic mouthrinse, with or without fluoride ion, is effective in reduction of plaque acidogenicity after a sucrose challenge. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Pfizer Inc, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, 170 Tabor Rd, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. EM Jane.Zhang@pfizer.com NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 6 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1159/000080583 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 868EP UT WOS:000224897200005 PM 15528908 ER PT J AU Kock, KH Pshenichnov, L Jones, CD Shust, K Skora, KE Frolkina, ZA AF Kock, KH Pshenichnov, L Jones, CD Shust, K Skora, KE Frolkina, ZA TI Joinville-D'Urville Islands (subarea 48.1) - A former fishing ground for the spiny icefish (Chaenodraco wilsoni), at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula - Revisited SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Peninsula; fish stocks; Chaenodraco wilsoni; Gobionotothen gibberifrons; CCAMLR ID REPRODUCTION; SEA AB The former fishing ground off Joinville-D'Urville Islands was revisited in the course of the Antarctic Expedition ANT XIX/3 by RV Polarstern in February 2002. Five hauls were conducted north of the two islands at depths of 149 to 282 m on 21 February 2002. Published and unpublished reports from fishing operations in the 1970s and 1980s by the Fischkombinat in Rostock (former GDR), Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia (Poland) and material available from YugNIRO, Kerch (Ukraine) of what is known of fishing activities in the area were analysed. These data were previously unavailable to CCAMLR. Fishing and the extent of fishing was primarily dependant on whether and to what extent the target species of the fishery, the spiny icefish (Chaenodraco wilsoni), formed concentrations. Information on these fishing operations was, however, sparse, being restricted to the two seasons (1978/79 and 1979/80) when Polish and GDR vessels fished in the area. Length compositions from several fishing nations revealed that the fishery targeted primarily fish 25-35 cm long. The fish fauna at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula represents a combination of low- and high-Antarctic elements. The available information on the biology of C. wilsoni was reviewed. Some new information was available on the reproduction and feeding of some of the species. Krill (Euphausia superba) formed a major element in the diet of icefish. C1 Fed Res Ctr Fisheries, Inst Sea Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. Lab So Ocean Bioresources, UA-98300 Crimea, Ukraine. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adv, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. VNIRO, Moscow 107140, Russia. Univ Gdansk, Hel Marine Stn, PL-84150 Hel, Poland. AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. RP Kock, KH (reprint author), Fed Res Ctr Fisheries, Inst Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM karl-hermann.kock@ish.bfa-fisch.de NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2004 VL 11 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 874BC UT WOS:000225324900001 ER PT J AU Hewitt, RP Watters, G Trathan, PN Croxall, JP Goebel, ME Ramm, D Reid, K Trivelpiece, WZ Watkins, JL AF Hewitt, RP Watters, G Trathan, PN Croxall, JP Goebel, ME Ramm, D Reid, K Trivelpiece, WZ Watkins, JL TI Options for allocating the precautionary catch limit of krill among small-scale management units in the Scotia Sea SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antarctic krill; management; small-scale management units; precautionary catch limit; CCAMLR ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; MACARONI PENGUINS; MARINE PREDATORS; GEORGIA; FISHERIES; RESPONSES; BIOMASS AB Following an assessment of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea, CCAMLR established a precautionary catch limit of 4 million tonnes and further adopted 15 small-scale management units (SSMUs). The intent was to subdivide the precautionary catch limit for krill among the SSMUs so as to preclude the inadvertent concentration of catches in a small portion of the surveyed area. Five options for allocating the catch limit among the SSMUs in the Scotia Sea are presented in this paper. The first four are static allocations where the allotment of catch to an SSMU is proportional to: (i) the historical catch within the SSMU; (ii) estimated predator demand in the SSMU; (iii) estimated standing stock of krill in the SSMU; and (iv) standing stock less predator demand in the SSMU. The fifth option is a dynamic allocation based on land-based predator monitoring conducted just prior to, or early in, the fishing season. For the purposes of illustration and comparison between the options, parameter estimates are made using available data, although it is recognised that considerable refinement of these estimates is possible. Qualitative conclusions are that: under the first two options a substantial portion (>65%) of the catch limit would be allocated to three or less of the SSMUs adjacent to large concentrations of land-breeding predators; under options (iii) and (iv) a similar portion of the catch limit would be directed to pelagic SSMUs beyond the foraging range of these predators but into areas where krill fishing has not regularly occurred; and under option (v), an example of an adjustable catch limit dependent on the results of ecosystem monitoring, the fishery would be restricted in some of its traditional fishing grounds during years of low krill availability. Under all five options there would be little effect on the existing fishery However, as catches increase, a trade-off may be drawn between options that displace the fishery from its current operating area, but reduce the potential for contravening the terms of the Convention, and options that do not displace the fishery, but are likely to contravene the terms of the CCAMLR Convention. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. CCAMLR Secretariat, N Hobart, Tas 7002, Australia. RP Hewitt, RP (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM roger.hewitt@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2004 VL 11 BP 81 EP 97 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 874BC UT WOS:000225324900005 ER PT J AU Kock, KH Belchier, M Jones, CD AF Kock, KH Belchier, M Jones, CD TI Is the attempt to estimate the biomass of antarctic fish from a multi-species survey appropriate for all targeted species? Notothenia rossii in the Atlantic Ocean sector - Revisited SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass estimation; method choice; multi-species surveys; trawl and acoustic surveys; Notothenia rossii; Atlantic Ocean sector; CCAMLR ID SOUTH-SHETLAND ISLANDS; PHALACROCORAX-ATRICEPS-BRANSFIELDENSIS; BLUE-EYED SHAG; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; NELSON ISLAND; ORKNEY ISLANDS; HARMONY POINT; POTTER COVE; FUR SEALS; DIET AB Notothenia rossii was the first target species in Southern Ocean fisheries. The species was already heavily fished at the beginning of the 1970s. The closure of the fishery for this species in 1985 was one of the first conservation measures adopted by CCAMLR. Fish biomass within a CCAMLR subarea or part of a subarea is commonly estimated from surveys that target a number of species, including N. rossii, at the same time. These surveys are conducted under the assumption that the target fish species are more or less evenly distributed over the area at the time of the survey This assumption is violated in the case of N. rossii, which is non-randomly distributed such that a large proportion of the population tends to aggregate in small areas, leaving most of the survey area only thinly populated. In order to provide more accurate estimates of the abundance of the species, it is suggested that an acoustic survey combined with a number of identification hauls might be the most promising approach to estimating the biomass of N. rossii. C1 Bundesanstalt Fischerei, Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kock, KH (reprint author), Bundesanstalt Fischerei, Inst Seefischerei, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM karl-hermann.kock@ish.bfa-fisch.de NR 57 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2004 VL 11 BP 141 EP 153 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 874BC UT WOS:000225324900009 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Shanklin, J Vilker, V AF Reipa, V Shanklin, J Vilker, V TI Substrate binding and the presence of ferredoxin affect the redox properties of the soluble plant Delta(9)-18 : 0-acyl carrier protein desaturase SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; HYDROXYLASE COMPONENT; INTERMEDIATE; REACTIVITY AB Substrate- free Delta(9)-18:0-acyl carrier protein desaturase (abbreviated to Des) [E.C. #1.14.99.6] was 2-electron reduced with E'(0)=-0.03+-0.01 V; the presence of spinach ferredoxin (SpFd) induces an additional 1-electron reduction wave at E'(0)=-0.21+-0.02 V, which shifts by 0.106 V upon substrate binding. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov; shanklin@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 21 BP 2406 EP 2407 DI 10.1039/b409595b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 866EC UT WOS:000224755600017 PM 15514788 ER PT J AU Shakarji, CM AF Shakarji, CM TI Reference algorithms for Chebyshev and one-sided data fitting for coordinate metrology SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algorithm; Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM); optimisation AB This paper describes reference algorithms developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology that fit geometric shapes to data sets according to Chebyshev, maximum-inscribed, and minimum-circumscribed criteria. Using an improved approach, we have developed more reliable reference algorithms for Chebyshev fitting for lines, planes, circles, spheres, cylinders, and cones. In the cases of circles, spheres, and cylinders, we also include maximum-inscribed and minimum-circumscribed fitting. In every case, we obtain the fit through an iteration that begins by using a (relatively easy) least-squares fit and then refine to the desired Chebyshev, maximum-inscribed, or minimum-circumscribed fit. We discuss why computing these fits is substantially more difficult than computing a least-squares fit, as the topography of the objective function prevents certain naive algorithms from working. We describe our choice of simulated annealing as a method that is general enough to be used for all the geometric shapes considered, requiring minimal customization for each shape. We outline steps taken for each geometric shape to reduce the number of fit parameters, thus improving the performance of the algorithms. We describe a suitable temperature reduction schedule that allows these algorithms to converge. We note cases of nonuniqueness related to maximum-inscribed fits. Finally we document test results showing the effectiveness of these algorithms against a battery of data sets with known solutions, against a limited number of exhaustive search results, against intercomparisons with other algorithms that provide for some of these fits, and against themselves by means of a repeatability study. We note that during intercomparisons, we found significant differences between our well-researched reference results and results obtained from algorithms that can be found in industrial use today. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60734-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 835XV UT WOS:000222519700104 ER PT J AU Griesmann, U Soons, J Wang, Q AF Griesmann, U Soons, J Wang, Q TI Measuring form and radius of spheres with interferometry SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferometry; form; radius ID SILICON SPHERES AB The geometry of a nearly spherical surface, for example that of a precision optic, is completely determined by the radius-of-curvature at one point and the deviation from the perfect spherical form at all other points of the sphere. Measurements of radius and form error can now be made with interferometers to remarkable accuracy. We describe measurements of radius and form error of a precision silicon sphere, having a nominal radius of 46.8 mm, with the "eXtremely accurate CALIBration InterferometeR" (XCALIBIR) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For these measurements XCALIBIR is configured as a spherical Fizeau interferometer providing a field of view of 44degrees. To measure the radius, a variant of the well known interferometric radius bench method is used. Careful alignment of phase measuring and displacement measuring interferometers enables us to achieve a standard measurement uncertainty for the sphere radius of about 5 parts in 10(7). The measurement of the form error is complicated because the entire sphere surface cannot be imaged in one measurement. Instead, 138 overlapping areas of the sphere surface-are measured. A "stitching" algorithm is then employed to assemble these measurements into a form error map for the entire surface. We show that form errors can lead to considerable uncertainty in the radius of a sphere obtained through a radius-of-curvature measurement with the radius bench method. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60737-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 835XV UT WOS:000222519700107 ER PT J AU Weckenmann, A Estler, T Peggs, G McMurtry, D AF Weckenmann, A Estler, T Peggs, G McMurtry, D TI Probing systems in dimensional metrology SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 22-28, 2004 CL Cracow, POLAND SP CIRP DE dimensional metrology; probe; coordinate measuring machine (CMM) ID TOUCH-TRIGGER PROBE; COORDINATE-MEASURING MACHINES; PROFILE MEASUREMENT; ERROR COMPENSATION; SENSORS; INSTRUMENTS; PERFORMANCE; PRETRAVEL; SURFACES; CONTACT AB Dimensional parameters are the most commonly encountered quality characteristics of workpieces. The measuring process for testing conformance of those characteristics contains the important sub-process of probing the surface. A huge variety of probing systems for performing different measurement tasks on the shop floor, as well as in the metrological environment, have been developed. In coordinate measuring machines (CMM) probing systems must ensure reproducibility of the sensing operation even in the sub-micrometer range. This paper describes requirements, different principles and characteristics of tactile probing systems in dimensional metrology, with examples of several probing systems that are used in practice. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Renishaw Plc, Wotton Under Edge, Glos, England. RP Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. NR 221 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 EI 1726-0604 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2004 VL 53 IS 2 BP 657 EP 684 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60034-1 PG 28 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 890KM UT WOS:000226510100009 ER PT S AU Lee, HT Heidinger, A Gruber, A Ellingson, RG AF Lee, HT Heidinger, A Gruber, A Ellingson, RG BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI The HIRS outgoing longwave radiation product from hybrid polar and geosynchronous satellite observations SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID VALIDATION AB Traditionally, earth radiation budget studies use polar orbiting satellites to estimate the global distribution of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). However, the two-pass per day per satellite orbit significantly limits the accuracy of the daily mean OLR due to diurnal variations. Geosynchronous satellites, on the other hand, have high temporal resolution but have less spatial coverage. To increase the accuracy of daily mean of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) OLR, one could blend the OLR from polar orbiters with the diurnal information provided by the geosynchronous satellite observations. We demonstrate a scheme to generate a hybrid OLR product by integrating the HIRS observations on board of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar satellites and the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite Imager observations. This kind of product can be utilized to avoid the day/night bias that may appear when broadband longwave is derived from spectral subtraction of a SW signal from an unfiltered total channel with errors in calibration of the short wave part of the spectrum. The paper investigated the errors in the HIRS daily mean OLR at averaging domains of various temporal and spatial scales. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, NOAA, CICS,IESSIC,NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NESDIS, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Lee, HT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, NOAA, CICS,IESSIC,NESDIS, 224 Comp & Space Sci Bldg,Rm 4115, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lee@atmos.umd.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1120 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00750-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000019 ER PT S AU Ba, MB Ellingson, RG Gruber, A AF Ba, MB Ellingson, RG Gruber, A BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI Enhancement of ERBS data by using data from sounders onboard NPP/NPOESS and METOP satellites SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID RADIATION AB The operational climate monitoring and diagnostic community will continue to favor in using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) estimates that have long and continuous time series such as those estimated from the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS). OLR from HIRS data could be generated since these data exist since 1979 and will continue during NPOESS era with Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and HIRS/4 on NPOESS and METOP satellites, respectively. OLR estimated from Earth Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS)/Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) can be used to calibrate the HIRS technique that will be used to generate continuous time series of OLR. This will ensure to have a consistent climate data involving different data sources. OLR generated from CrIS on the afternoon orbit could provide a backup in the event of ERBS's failure. There will be three evenly spaced sounders (two CrIS and one HIRS/4) that could be used to retrieve OLR allowing therefore a better definition of the diurnal variability of OLR. This paper will present results from GOES sounder data to estimate OLR using an approach similar to that used for HIRS. The instantaneous OLR estimates are compared with collocated OLR products from the CERES instruments onboard TRMM and Terra spacecraft to establish the instantaneous accuracy of the multi-spectral estimation techniques for homogeneous scenes. The hourly GOES sounder OLR estimates are used to study the diurnal cycle of OLR. The time-averaged data are used to estimate the accuracy of the ERBE/CERES and HIRS diurnal cycle models as applied to daily- and monthly-averaged products at different spatial resolutions. The study suggests that the technique can be implemented for NPOESS using the CrIS and HIRS/4 for both augmenting the temporal sampling of OLR estimates and reducing the risk of OLR EDR generation. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Raytheon Co, ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ba, MB (reprint author), Raytheon Co, ITSS, 4400 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM mamoudou_B_ba@raytheon.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00751-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000021 ER PT S AU Liu, Q Weng, F AF Liu, Q Weng, F BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI Variational retrieval of sea surface wind vectors using a polarimetric approach SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; MODEL AB This study presents one-dimension variational retrieval of sea surface wind vectors using simulated microwave polarimetric measurements at 10.7, 18.7, and 37 GHz. The algorithm only requires four Stokes components at a single frequency; and therefore runs very efficiently. Under non-precipitation conditions, the errors of wind direction and speed are about 10degrees and 0.6 m/s, respectively, if the random noises of 0.1 K for vertical and horizontal polarization states and 0.15 K for the third and fourth Stokes components are taken into account. In hurricane conditions, polarimetric measurements at 10 GHz, especially for the 3rd and 4th Stokes components, vary within a few degree of Kelvin and provide unique information on surface wind direction. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1143 EP 1147 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00754-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000023 ER PT S AU Beers, KL Cabral, JT Walls, HJ Amis, EJ AF Beers, KL Cabral, JT Walls, HJ Amis, EJ BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI High throughput measurements of polymer fluids for formulations SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn AB Rapid prototyping of microfluidic handling devices has gained popularity due to the ability to quickly test and modify new design features several times in one day. At the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (NCMC), we have modified common microfluidic fabrication techniques to extend their use to organic fluids. Ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesives were used to create molded resins with increased solvent resistance. This has allowed the preparation of new types of combinatorial libraries and development of new measurement methods to complement the small sample sizes of these libraries. Most importantly, it can be used to tie together multiple stages of the formulation process, from the synthesis of polymers to the measurement of complex-fluid properties, in small and inexpensive platforms. Our first demonstrations of this technology are in the areas of emulsions and polymer blends. Measurement techniques include light and x-ray scattering and theology. Milli-fluidic handling and measurements will increase the dimensions of parameter space that are available to accurate and systematic study of polymer solutions. These capabilities will also enable the generation of new information in the field of polymer formulations, which is presently dominated by empirical knowledge. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200039 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Miziolek, AW AF Babushok, VI Miziolek, AW TI Condensation flame of acetylene decomposition SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE soot; reaction mechanisms ID SOOT FORMATION; MECHANISM; ETHYLENE AB Acetylene decomposition flame propagation was numerically analyzed and was found to be the result of the condensation reaction. Condensation processes provide reaction heat and act as a driving force for C2H2 flame propagation. The kinetic model reasonably predicts the level of burning velocity of the acetylene decomposition flame. The model does not demonstrate the relatively strong positive pressure dependence of burning velocity as was observed experimentally in the work of Cummings et al. [Proc. Combust. Inst. 8 (1962) 503-510]. Heat-release kinetics demonstrates a two-stage process. The first stage corresponds to heat release due to benzene formation, and the second stage of heat release corresponds to soot inception and carbonization processes. It was demonstrated that the burning velocity is sensitive to the surface growing rate constant. The use of a simplified form of presentation of the surface growing process [P.R. Lindstedt, in: Soot Formation in Combustion: Mechanisms and Models, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York, 1994, pp. 417-441] represents positive thermal feedback in the heat generation in a flame reaction zone. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.006 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 774JJ UT WOS:000188976100009 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Chiang, MYM Snyder, CR AF Wang, XF Chiang, MYM Snyder, CR TI Monte-Carlo simulation for the fracture process and energy release rate of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymers at different temperatures SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); fracture toughness; residual/internal stress; statistical properties/methods; Monte-Carlo simuation ID INTRAPLY HYBRID COMPOSITES; TENSILE BEHAVIOR; MODEL; STRENGTH AB This paper presents an analytical approach that combines the modified shear-lag model and the Monte-Carlo simulation technique to simulate the fracture behavior, including the failure process and energy release rate, for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites with an initial crack at different temperatures. The simulated results, based on a unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymeric (CFRP) composite, were compared with existing experimental observations and measurements. Good agreement exists between the simulation and experimental results. It is found that the critical energy release rate of the unidirectional CFRP composite increases with a decrease in temperature. This increase is primarily due to the temperature-dependence of the composite constituents rather than the residual stresses caused by the change in temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Div Polymer, Stop 8544, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1277 EP 1284 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856CQ UT WOS:000224021600005 ER PT S AU Rust, BW AF Rust, BW BE Bubak, M DickVanAlbada, G Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Student exercises on fossil fuels, global warming, and gaia SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Springer Verlag ID VOSTOK ICE CORE; TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS; RECORD AB In a recent series of tutorial papers, Rust [7,8,9,10] modelled measured time series for global temperatures and fossil fuel CO2 emissions with related combinations of polynomials, exponentials, and sinusoids, using least squares fits that can be done by students well grounded in practical statistics. The analysis suggested that temperatures cycle around a monotonically increasing, accelerating baseline with a period of approximate to65 years and that the exponential growth rate Of CO2 emissions varies inversely with this cycle. The Gaia hypothesis [5] suggests that the biosphere adjusts atmospheric greenhouse gases to maintain an optimal temperature for life. The previous analysis is here extended with a series of fitting exercises designed to demonstrate that the above described inverse relation represents a Gaian feedback. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rust, BW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bert.rust@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22129-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3039 BP 1226 EP 1233 PN 4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAO62 UT WOS:000223079700159 ER PT J AU Lee, YG Lyons, KW AF Lee, YG Lyons, KW TI Smoothing haptic interaction using molecular force calculations SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE assembly; virtual reality; haptics; molecular mechanics ID DOCKING; SURFACE; TOOL AB This paper presents a new method for smoothing haptic interaction with molecular force calculations that uses Lennard-Jones forcefield. The gradient of the forcefield is used unaltered when the distance between two atoms is greater than the sum of their van der Waals radii. However, when they are smaller, a hard-surface wall implemented using a spring model is used to repel two atoms. This eliminates the instability when two atoms are in contact in the presence of forcefields that have strong gradients. This method is tested on rigid hydrocarbon molecules with no bond creation or breaking. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8262, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yglee@nist.gov; kevin.lyons@nist.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 EI 1879-2685 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0010-4485(03)00080-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 759GF UT WOS:000187729400007 ER PT J AU Foufou, S Garnier, L AF Foufou, S Garnier, L TI Dupin cyclide blends between quadric surfaces for shape modeling SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the Eurographics-Association CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP Eurograph Assoc ID CONES AB We introduce a novel method to define Dupin cyclide blends between quadric primitives. Dupin cyclides are non-spherical algebraic surfaces discovered by French mathematician Pierre-Charles Dupin at the beginning of the 19th century. As a Dupin cyclide can be fully characterized by its principal circles, we have focussed our study on how to determine principal circles tangent to both quadrics being blended. This ensures that the Dupin cyclide we are constructing constitutes a G(1) blend. We use the Rational Quadratic Bezier Curve (RQBC) representation of circular arcs to model the principal circles, so the construction of each circle is reduced to the determination of the three control points of the RQBC representing the circle. In this work, we regard the blending of two quadric primitives A and B as two complementary blending operations: primitive A-cylinder and cylinder-primitive B; two Dupin cyclides and a cylinder are then defined for each blending operation. In general the cylinder is not useful and may be reduced to a simple circle. A complete shape design example is presented to illustrate the modeling of Eurographics '04 Hugo using a limited number of quadrics combined using Dupin cyclide blends. C1 Univ Bourgogne, LE21, UMR 5158, CNRS,UFR Sci, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Foufou, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sfoufou@u-bourgogne.fr; lgarnier@u-bourgogne.fr RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-7055 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 SI SI BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2004.00763.x PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 855EM UT WOS:000223956000010 ER PT J AU Hill, C DeLuca, C Balaji Suarez, M da Silva, A AF Hill, C DeLuca, C Balaji Suarez, M da Silva, A TI The architecture of the earth system modeling framework SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) project is developing a standard software platform for Earth system models., The standard, which defines a component architecture and a support infrastructure, is being developed under open-software practices. Target applications range from operational numerical weather prediction to climate-system change and predictability studies. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hill, C (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030 NR 20 TC 142 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255817 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900004 ER PT S AU Hefner, A McNutt, T Akuffo, A Singh, R Ellenwood, C Berning, D Das, MK Sumakeris, JJ Stahlbush, R AF Hefner, A McNutt, T Akuffo, A Singh, R Ellenwood, C Berning, D Das, MK Sumakeris, JJ Stahlbush, R GP ieee TI Characterization of SiC PiN diode forward bias degradation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID STACKING-FAULTS; MODEL AB An automated test system is developed and utilized to electrically monitor the emitter, base, and end region excess carrier lifetimes at periodic intervals during the forward bias stress of SiC PiN power diodes. The test system uses a specialized diode switching circuit, computer-controlled instrumentation, and model parameter extraction software. This lifetime measurement method is used to monitor diodes with degradation times ranging from one minute to over several hundred hours, and diodes that do not degrade. Diodes made from 11-20 crystal orientation material are also measured to examine the effects of stacking fault growth direction. Light emission studies are used to monitor the growth of stacking faults during the degradation. The results indicate that stacking fault growth and on-state voltage degradation are strongly correlated with a decrease in diode stored charge density and stored charge decay rate resulting from a reduction in effective end region lifetime and/or reduction in device conduction area. Degradation results from various crystal orientation devices indicate that a barrier to current traversing the plane of the stacking fault is primarily responsible for the change in electrical properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hefner, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 1252 EP 1260 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600183 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Crandall, KA AF Pearse, DE Crandall, KA TI Beyond F(ST): Analysis of population genetic data for conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN MODEL; ESTIMATING AVERAGE LEVELS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; DISTINGUISHING MIGRATION; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES AB Both the ability to generate DNA data and the variety of analytical methods for conservation genetics are expanding at an ever-increasing pace. Analytical approaches are now possible that were unthinkable even five years ago due to limitations in computational power or the availability of DNA data, and this has vastly expanded the accuracy and types of information that may be gained from population genetic data. Here we provide a guide to recently developed methods for population genetic analysis, including identification of population structure, quantification of gene flow, and inference of demographic history. We cover both allele-frequency and sequence-based approaches, with a special focus on methods relevant to conservation genetic applications. Although classical population genetic approaches such as F,,.,. (and its derivatives) have carried the field thus far, newer, more powerful, methods can infer much more from the data, rely on fewer assumptions, and are appropriate for conservation genetic management when precise estimates are needed. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov OI Crandall, Keith/0000-0002-0836-3389 NR 133 TC 241 Z9 255 U1 7 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 5 BP 585 EP 602 DI 10.1007/s10592-003-1863-4 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 884OB UT WOS:000226093800002 ER PT J AU Bass, AL Epperly, SP Braun-McNeill, J AF Bass, AL Epperly, SP Braun-McNeill, J TI Multi-year analysis of stock composition of a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) foraging habitat using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; juvenile; marine turtle; mixed stock analysis; mtDNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-MARKERS; MARINE TURTLES; ORIGIN; POLYMERASE; ALASKA; TESTS AB Genetic markers have proven useful for determining which sea turtle rookeries contribute to a particular feeding ground. This information is especially relevant when management concerns include anthropogenic mortality of feeding cohorts, and the suspected presence of endangered populations. One such feeding habitat is the Pamlico-Albemarle Estuarine Complex in North Carolina. which was established as an index area in 1995 to monitor population-specific recovery of sea turtles. Pound nets in the study area were surveyed at random from September-December (1995-1997) to enumerate incidental captures of sea turtles as an index of sea turtle abundance. In this study, we estimated the rookery origins of this feeding cohort using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian based stock analysis programs and compare and contrast these different methodologies. The Bayesian methods appear to yield more realistic estimates of percent contribution to the feeding cohort when information regarding relative population sizes was used. Subsequently, we tested for temporal variation in the frequency of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and resulting estimates of contribution over a 3-year time span. Mixed stock analysis of the combined data indicated that 80% of the individuals originated from the south Florida nesting population, 12% were from the northeast Florida to North Carolina nesting population, 6% from Yucatan, Mexico. and 2% from other rookeries. Although statistically significant shifts in haplotype frequencies were not observed between the three annual sampling periods, estimates of composition indicated subtle differences in the contributions to this foraging area over the sampling period. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bass, AL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, SCA 110,4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 783 EP 796 DI 10.1007/s10592-004-1979-1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 886NS UT WOS:000226236200004 ER PT J AU Ford, MJ Teel, D Van Doornik, DM Kuligowski, D Lawson, PW AF Ford, MJ Teel, D Van Doornik, DM Kuligowski, D Lawson, PW TI Genetic population structure of central Oregon Coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conservation unit; effective population size; migration; salmon ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; MICROSATELLITES; WASHINGTON; DIVERSITY; HATCHERY AB We surveyed microsatellite variation from 22 spawning populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from the Oregon Coast to help identify. populations for conservation planning. All of our samples were temporally replicated, with most samples obtained in 2000 and 2001. We had three goals: (1) to confirm the status of populations identified on the basis of spawning location and life history; (2) to estimate effective population sizes and migration rates in order to determine demographic independence at different spatial scales; and (3) to determine if releases of Washington hatchery coho salmon in the 1980's into Oregon Coast streams resulted in measurable introgression into nearby wild Oregon Coast coho populations. For the last question, our study included a hatchery broodstock sample from 1985. after the Puget Sound introduction, and a 1975 sample taken from the same area prior to the introduction. Our results generally supported previously hypothesized population structure. Most importantly, we found unique lake-rearing groups identified on the basis of a common life-history type were genetically related. Estimates of immigrant fraction using several different methods also generally supported previously identified populations. Estimates of effective population size were highly correlated with estimates of spawning abundance. The 1985 hatchery sample was genetically similar to contemporary Washington samples, and the contemporary Oregon Coast samples were similar to the 1975 Oregon Coast sample, suggesting that introductions of Washington coho salmon did not result in large scale introgression into Oregon populations. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 797 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s10592-004-1983-5 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 886NS UT WOS:000226236200005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, A Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Marti, GE Vogt, RF Fernandez-Repollet, E AF Schwartz, A Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Marti, GE Vogt, RF Fernandez-Repollet, E TI Formalization of the MESF unit of fluorescence intensity SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE MESF; Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorochrome; quantitation; fluorescence intensity AB This report summarizes the work performed during the past two years at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the refinement and formal definition of the MESF unit of fluorescence intensity. In addition to the theory underlying the MESF unit, considerations of error analysis are also presented. The details of this work may be found in the three publications of the NIST Journal of Research (www.nist.gov) listed as the references 2-4. The use of the fluorescence intensity unit provides a tool to compare quantitative fluorescence intensity measurements over time and across platforms. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR USA. RP Schwartz, A (reprint author), POB 194344, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. EM abe@quantcyte.org NR 4 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 57B IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.10066 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 760XQ UT WOS:000187860900001 PM 14696057 ER PT J AU Batainic-Haberle, I Spasojevic, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Neta, P Okada-Matsumoto, A Fridovich, I AF Batainic-Haberle, I Spasojevic, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Neta, P Okada-Matsumoto, A Fridovich, I TI New class of potent catalysts of O-2(.-) dismutation. Mn(III) ortho-methoxyethylpyridyl- and di-ortho-methoxyethyl-imidazolylporphyrins SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; MANGANESE PORPHYRINS; POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS; OFFERS PROTECTION; COMPLEXES; ANTIOXIDANT; MIMICS; DISPROPORTIONATION AB Three new Mn(III) porphyrin catalysts of O-2(circle-) dismutation (superoxide dismutase mimics), bearing ether oxygen atoms within their side chains, were synthesized and characterized: Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N-(2-methoxyethyl) pyridinium-2-yl] porphyrin (MnTMOE-2-PyP5+), Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[ N-methyl-N'-(2-methoxyethyl) imidazolium-2yl] porphyrin (MnTM, MOE-2-ImP(5+)) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[ N,N'-di(2-methoxyethyl) imidazolium-2-yl] porphyrin (MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+)). Their catalytic rate constants for O-2(circle-) dismutation(disproportionation) and the related metal-centered redox potentials vs. NHE are: log k(cat)=8.04 (E-1/2=+251 mV) for MnTMOE-2-PyP5+, log k(cat)=7.98 (E-1/2=+356 mV) for MnTM, MOE-2-ImP(5+) and log k(cat)=7.59 (E-1/2=+365 mV) for MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+). The new porphyrins were compared to the previously described SOD mimics Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP5+), Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-n-butylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTnBu-2-PyP5+) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis( N,N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTDE-2-ImP(5+)). MnTMOE-2-PyP5+ has side chains of the same length and the same E-1/2, as MnTnBu-2-PyP5+ (k(cat)=7.25, E-1/2=+254 mV), yet it is 6-fold more potent a catalyst of O-2(circle-) dismutation, presumably due to the presence of the ether oxygen. The log k(cat) vs. E-1/2 relationship for all Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics thus far studied is discussed. None of the new compounds were toxic to Escherichia coli in the concentration range studied (up to 30 muM), and protected SOD-deficient E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner. At 3 muM levels, the MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+), bearing an oxygen atom within each of the eight side chains, was the most effective and offered much higher protection than MnTE-2-PyP5+, while MnTDE-2-ImP(5+) was of very low efficacy. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Batainic-Haberle, I (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM ibatinic@duke.edu NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 11 BP 1696 EP 1702 DI 10.1039/b400818a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 824DP UT WOS:000221664900005 ER PT S AU Kreider, KG DeWitt, DP Fowler, JB Proctor, JE Kimes, WA Ripple, DC Tsai, BK AF Kreider, KG DeWitt, DP Fowler, JB Proctor, JE Kimes, WA Ripple, DC Tsai, BK BE Tobin, KW TI Comparing the transient response of a resistive-type sensor with a thin-film thermocouple during the post-exposure bake process SO DATA ANALYSIS AND MODELING FOR PROCESS CONTROL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Analysis and Modeling for Process Control CY FEB 26-27, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE DE lithographic simulation; platinum resistors; post exposure bake; silicon wafer processing; temperature measurement; thermal modeling; thermometry; thin films; transient response AB Recent studies on dynamic temperature profiling and lithographic performance modeling of the post-exposure bake (PEB) process have demonstrated that the rate of heating and cooling may have an important influence on resist lithographic response. Measuring the transient surface temperature during the heating or cooling process with such accuracy can only be assured if the sensors embedded in or attached to the test wafer do not affect the temperature distribution in the bare wafer. In this paper we report on an experimental and analytical study to compare the transient response of embedded platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) sensors with surface-deposited, thin-film thermocouples (TFTC). The TFTCs on silicon wafers have been developed at NIST to measure wafer temperatures in other semiconductor thermal processes. Experiments are performed on a test bed built from a commercial, fab-qualified module with hot and chill plates using wafers that have been instrumented with calibrated type-E (NiCr/CuNi) TFTCs and commercial PRTs. Time constants were determined from an energy-balance analysis fitting the temperature-time derivative to the wafer temperature during the heating and cooling processes. The time constants for instrumented wafers ranged from 4.6 s to 5.1 s on heating for both the TFTC and PRT sensors, with an average difference less than 0.1 s between the TFTCs and PRTs and slightly greater differences on cooling. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kreider, KG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5291-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5378 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.535522 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAF43 UT WOS:000222001000011 ER PT J AU Palacios, DM AF Palacios, DM TI Seasonal patterns of sea-surface temperature and ocean color around the Galapagos: regional and local influences SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; IRON; VARIABILITY; ISLANDS; SATELLITE AB Monthly climatologies of satellite-derived sea-surface temperature (SST, from AVHRR) and ocean color (from Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner and Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor) around the Galapagos Archipelago are used to estimate the mean seasonal cycle of these properties and their relationship to the equatorial circulation in this oceanographically complex region. Harmonic analysis of the climatological time series indicates a best fit with annual and semi-annual constituents. The annual amplitude is the dominant signal in SST, corresponding to the basin-wide seasonal cycle of warming and cooling associated with the north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone. Influx of upwelled water from the Panama Bight into the northeastern part of the study area is also consistent with the annual signal. An empirical orthogonal function decomposition identifies two main spatial patterns with amplitude time series representing out-of-phase annual cycles. The dominant mode corresponds to the strengthening of the Equatorial Front and the South Equatorial Current during the second part of the year. This mode explains 92.2% of the SST variance and 82.9% of the ocean-color variance. The second mode is consistent with the topographically induced upwelling of the Equatorial Undercurrent on the western side of the archipelago, and with influx of upwelled Panama Bight water on the eastern side, both reaching their peak during the first part of the year. This mode accounts for 6% of the SST variance and 7.7% of the ocean-color variance. The seasonal evolution of water-column temperature and nitrate (from World Ocean Atlas 1998 climatologies) is consistent with the satellite-derived patterns. A slight tilt aligned with the east-west axis of the Galapagos Platform (outlined by the 2000-m isobath) is evident in all property fields, suggesting that the presence of the archipelago introduces a small but noticeable perturbation to the large-scale currents and property gradients of the eastern equatorial Pacific. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Palacios, DM (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93940 USA. EM dpalacios@pfeg.noaa.gov RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.08.001 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 831CI UT WOS:000222170100003 ER PT J AU Mackas, DL Peterson, WT Zamon, JE AF Mackas, DL Peterson, WT Zamon, JE TI Comparisons of interannual biomass anomalies of zooplankton communities along the continental margins of British Columbia and Oregon SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ZOOPLANKTON; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; 1997-1999 EL-NINO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEASONAL CYCLE; REGIME SHIFTS; MONTEREY BAY; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY AB We update and compare multi-year time series of zooplankton community composition anomalies from three continental margin regions covering a 850-km distance along the eastern margin of the Northeast Pacific: the inner continental shelf off Newport Oregon (44.6degreesN), the continental shelf and slope off southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia (48-49degreesN), and the continental shelf and slope off northern Vancouver Island (49.5-51.5degreesN). In all three regions, there have been large, low-frequency fluctuations in biomass of the dominant zooplankton taxa. Particularly strong changes in sign and/or slope of the anomaly time series occurred between 1988-1991 and 1998-1999. Time intervals for both transitions coincided with NE Pacific 'regime shifts' identified in other data sets, and also with El Ni (n) over tildeo-La Ni (n) over tildea events. Anomaly time series from southern Vancouver Island and central Oregon were remarkably similar (region-to-region correlations 0.59 and 0.95 for the two best-censused groups of species). Through most of the 1990s, both regions had a strong and cumulative shift to a more 'southerly' copepod fauna. This trend reversed sharply in 1999, following the 1997-1999 ENSO event. Since 1999, abundance of most zooplankton taxa has been similar to the 1970s-mid-1980s. Off southern Vancouver Island, empirical statistical fits to environmental indices derived from the middle part of the time series (1985-1997) also perform well both for earlier (1979-1984) and later (1998-2001) time periods. Off northern Vancouver Island the 1998-1999 changes in the zooplankton community were substantially weaker, although identical in timing and direction to the changes observed off southern Vancouver Island and Oregon. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hadfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Mackas, DL (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM mackasd@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6-9 BP 875 EP 896 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.05.011 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 859MK UT WOS:000224267700026 ER PT J AU Stegmann, PM AF Stegmann, PM TI Characterization of aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean from SeaWiFS SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; MINERAL DUST; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SAHARAN DUST; AFRICAN DUST; BARBADOS; CLIMATE AB Over four years of SeaWiFS-derived aerosol optical data are analyzed at nine selected sites within the North Atlantic basin. These sites are representative of continental aerosols, mineral (dust) aerosols or a mixture of both. The seasonal cycle of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT; tau(865)) and the Angstrom exponent (alpha(510)) at each site agrees well with longterm climatology records based on independent ground-truth and/or satellite measurements. The dominant feature in the North Atlantic-the outflow of Saharan dust plumes from northwest Africa-is reflected in higher AOT levels and smaller Angstrom values (larger aerosol particles), both close to the source region as well as at downwind sites. The aerosol regime along the US east coast consists primarily of small-sized particles (large Angstrom) indicative of urban aerosols. The capability to characterize aerosol processes in the North Atlantic as shown here demonstrates that an ocean-color sensor like SeaWiFS can provide a key contribution to the synoptic monitoring of aerosol processes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Stegmann, PM (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. EM pstegmann@pfeg.noaa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10-11 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.10.006 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 874DH UT WOS:000225330600002 ER PT J AU Okkonen, SR Schmidt, GM Cokelet, ED Stabeno, PJ AF Okkonen, SR Schmidt, GM Cokelet, ED Stabeno, PJ TI Satellite and hydrographic observations of the Bering Sea 'Green Belt' SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SLOPE; SHELF; FRONTS AB Green Belt is the aptly named region of high productivity occurring principally along and above the shelf-slope boundary in the Bering Sea. TOPEX altimeter measurements of sea-surface topography, SeaWiFS imagery of chlorophyll a concentration, and shipboard measurements of salinity and fluorescence are used to describe the surface structure of the Green Belt and its relationship to the Bering Slope Current eddy field during the 2000, 2001, and 2002 spring blooms. During spring 2000, high surface chlorophyll a concentrations (>10 mg m(-3)) were observed within a similar to200-km wide band adjacent to and seaward of the shelf break in the northwest Bering Sea. This high concentration chlorophyll band was associated with an anticyclonic eddy group that propagated along isobaths above the continental slope and entrained chlorophyll from the shelf-slope front. During spring 2001, anticyclonic eddies in the northwest Bering Sea had propagated off-slope prior to the onset of the spring bloom and were too far from the shelf-slope front to entrain frontal chlorophyll during the bloom. A second chlorophyll front associated with the leading edge of the off-slope eddies was observed. Between these two fronts was a region of relatively low chlorophyll a concentration (similar to1 mg m(-3)). The eddy field during the 2002 spring bloom was observed to propagate northwestward adjacent to the shelf-break and entrain chlorophyll from the shelf-slope region in a manner similar to what was observed during the 2000 spring bloom. These observations suggest that eddies are important, if not the principal, agents that cause variability in the distribution of chlorophyll during the spring bloom in the central Bering Sea. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, SeaWIFS Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Okkonen, SR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM okkonen@alaska.net NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10-11 BP 1033 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.08.005 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 874DH UT WOS:000225330600009 ER PT J AU Watkins, JL Hewitt, R Naganobu, M Sushin, V AF Watkins, JL Hewitt, R Naganobu, M Sushin, V TI The CCAMLR 2000 Survey: a multinational, multi-ship biological oceanography survey of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID KRILL; GEORGIA AB The CCAMLR 2000 Survey is the first large-scale multinational, multi-ship survey in the Southern Ocean since 1979/80. Conducted using strict method protocols and within a 32-day time frame it provides a truly synoptic view of the oceanography, zooplankton, krill, and higher predator biomass and distribution for the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula region. The innovative design of interleaved transects surveyed only during the hours of daylight has provided a comprehensive and robust estimate of krill biomass. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. Atlantic Sci Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. RP Watkins, JL (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM j.watkins@bas.ac.uk NR 21 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.010 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900001 ER PT J AU Hewitt, RP Watkins, J Naganobu, M Sushin, V Brierley, AS Demer, D Kasatkina, S Takao, Y Goss, C Malyshko, A Brandon, M Kawaguchi, S Siegel, V Trathan, P Emery, J Everson, I Miller, D AF Hewitt, RP Watkins, J Naganobu, M Sushin, V Brierley, AS Demer, D Kasatkina, S Takao, Y Goss, C Malyshko, A Brandon, M Kawaguchi, S Siegel, V Trathan, P Emery, J Everson, I Miller, D TI Biomass of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea in January/February 2000 and its use in revising an estimate of precautionary yield SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ICE EXTENT; ELEPHANT-ISLAND; SOUTH GEORGIA; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; FISHERIES; FLUCTUATIONS; PENINSULA AB In January and February 2000, a collaborative survey designed to assess the biomass of Antarctic krill across the Scotia Sea was conducted aboard research vessels from Japan, Russia, the UK and the USA using active acoustic and net sampling. Survey design, sampling protocols, and data analysis procedures are described. Mean krill density across the survey area was estimated to be 21.4 gm(-2), and total biomass was estimated to be 44.3 million tonnes (CV 11.4%). This biomass estimate leads to a revised estimate of precautionary yield for krill in the Scotia Sea of 4 million tonnes. However, before the fishery can be permitted to expand to this level, it will be necessary to establish mechanisms to avoid concentration of fishing effort, particularly near colonies of land-breeding krill predators, and to consider the effects of krill immigrating into the region from multiple sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Ibaraki 3140421, Japan. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Hewitt, RP (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM roger.hewitt@noaa.gov RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011; Brandon, Mark/A-5804-2010 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892; Brandon, Mark/0000-0002-7779-0958 NR 48 TC 85 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1215 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.011 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900002 ER PT J AU Demer, DA AF Demer, DA TI An estimate of error for the CCAMLR 2000 survey estimate of krill biomass SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TARGET STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA DANA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; BACKSCATTERING STRENGTH; SOUND SCATTERING; 120 KHZ; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; SPHERES; ORIENTATION AB Combined sampling and measurement error is estimated for the CCAMLR 2000 acoustic estimate of krill abundance in the Scotia Sea. First, some potential sources of uncertainty in generic echo-integration surveys are reviewed. Then, specific to the CCAMLR 2000 survey, some of the primary sources of measurement error is explored. The error in system calibration is evaluated in relation to the effects of variations in water temperature and salinity on sound speed, sound absorption, and acoustic-beam characteristics. Variation in krill target strength is estimated using a distorted-wave Born approximation model fitted with measured distributions of animal lengths and orientations. The variable effectiveness of two-frequency species classification methods is also investigated using the same scattering model. Most of these components of measurement uncertainty are frequency-dependent and covariant. Ultimately, the total random error in the CCAMLR 2000 acoustic estimate of krill abundance is estimated from a Monte Carlo simulation which assumes independent estimates of krill biomass are derived from acoustic backscatter measurements at three frequencies (38, 120, and 200 kHz). The overall coefficient of variation (10.2less than or equal toCVless than or equal to11.6%; 95% CI) is not significantly different from the sampling variance alone (CV = 11.4%). That is, the measurement variance is negligible relative to the sampling variance due to the large number of measurements averaged to derive the ultimate biomass estimate. Some potential sources of bias (e.g., stemming from uncertainties in the target strength model, the krill length-to-weight model, the species classification method, bubble attenuation, signal thresholding, and survey area definition) may be more appreciable components of measurement uncertainty. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1237 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.012 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900003 ER PT J AU Reid, K Jessopp, MJ Barrett, MS Kawaguchi, S Siegel, V Goebel, ME AF Reid, K Jessopp, MJ Barrett, MS Kawaguchi, S Siegel, V Goebel, ME TI Widening the net: spatio-temporal variability in the krill population structure across the Scotia Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-GEORGIA; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; DYNAMICS AB Resolving the spatial variability in the population structure of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) requires a synoptic sample, as in the design of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. However, this approach is not appropriate for assessing temporal variability. The size of krill in the diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) has been shown to provide a good representation of the temporal changes in the krill population structure from within their foraging area. At Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands, krill in nets had modal size classes of 46-48 mm and 52-54 mm in length and appeared to reflect the presence of larger krill offshore and smaller krill inshore; krill in the diet of fur seals contained both modes, indicating that the foraging area of fur seals integrated the spatial variability in the krill population. At Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, krill in nets and fur seal diets had a modal size class of 52 mm when sampled simultaneously; however, krill in the diet of seals showed a decline in size later in the season with an overall mode of 48 mm. At Bird Island, South Georgia, there was little overlap between net samples, with a modal size class of 30-40 mm, and fur seal diets, with distinct modes of 44 and 54 mm; and there was also much greater spatial variability in the size of krill in these net samples than in those from the other two locations. Extending the comparison of krill size in the diet of seals, to include spatially congruent net samples collected immediately prior to the CCAMLR 2000 Survey, showed almost complete overlap and indicated an even greater spatial variability in the krill population structure at South Georgia. Interactions between the oceanographic transport and enhanced growth rates of krill at South Georgia may combine to produce a higher degree of spatial variability in the krill population compared to other locations and this may limit the use of differences in krill length as an indicator of their provenance. This study underlines the importance of using data from multiple sources when considering large-scale krill population dynamics; information that is crucial to the effective management of the commercial exploitation of krill. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. Bundesforschungsanstalt Fischerei, Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, US AMLR Program, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Reid, K (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM k.reid@bas.ac.uk NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1275 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.014 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900005 ER PT J AU Kasatkina, SM Goss, C Emery, JH Takao, Y Litvinov, FF Malyshko, AP Shnar, VN Berezhinsky, OA AF Kasatkina, SM Goss, C Emery, JH Takao, Y Litvinov, FF Malyshko, AP Shnar, VN Berezhinsky, OA TI A comparison of net and acoustic estimates of krill density in the Scotia Sea during the CCAMLR 2000 Survey SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SWARMS AB A multi-ship, multi-national survey to assess the acoustic biomass of Antarctic krill across the Scotia Sea was undertaken in January and February 2000. In addition, a total of 135 Rectangular Midwater Trawls (RMT8) were undertaken to determine the structure of the krill population and to validate acoustic target detection techniques. This paper reports a comparison of the density estimates derived from net and acoustic sampling for a range of spatial scales; from individual net hauls to regional estimates of krill biomass. The different sources of error and the different characteristics of the density estimates from net and acoustic techniques are also defined. Direct quantitative comparisons of net and acoustic densities are shown to be inappropriate at both the small scale (i.e. individual net tows; the typical net sampling unit for census surveys) and the large scale (i.e. regional surveys). Therefore, a direct comparison of density estimates from net and acoustic surveys is not practicable for retrospective analysis of krill abundance. However, the results of net and acoustic surveys do appear comparable in terms of trends in krill distribution at the large scale. Therefore, the combined use of net and acoustic data can be useful in the analysis of interannual trends in the variability of krill distribution at the regional level. At the local level, data from trawl surveys using comparable nets can be used to examine interannual variability in krill distribution as there has been little change in the methodology used for net surveys over the last 25 years. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Ibaraki 3140421, Japan. RP Kasatkina, SM (reprint author), AtlantNIRO, 5 Dmitry Donskoy St, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. EM sea@atlant.baltnet.ru NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1289 EP 1300 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.005 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900006 ER PT J AU Brandon, MA Naganobu, M Demer, DA Chernyshkov, P Trathan, PN Thorpe, SE Kameda, T Berezhinskiy, OA Hawker, EJ Grant, S AF Brandon, MA Naganobu, M Demer, DA Chernyshkov, P Trathan, PN Thorpe, SE Kameda, T Berezhinskiy, OA Hawker, EJ Grant, S TI Physical oceanography in the Scotia Sea during the CCAMLR 2000 survey, austral summer 2000 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA; SOUTH-GEORGIA; DRAKE-PASSAGE; WEDDELL SEA; POLAR FRONT; WATER MASSES; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; ISLAND AB In January and February 2000, four ships conducted an extensive hydrographic survey of the Scotia Sea as part of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. There were 169 CTD stations to at least 1000 m depth, making this the largest synoptic dataset since 1981. A hydrographic section at Drake Passage was used to define water masses and ocean fronts. In 2000, the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front were unusually close, and the entire survey occurred to the south of the Polar Front. The survey area was bisected by the Subantarctic Circumpolar Current Front and the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In Drake Passage, these fronts were widely spaced. A further two hydrographic sections to the cast of Drake Passage show that the relative location of these fronts changes east of Drake Passage. Horizontal maps across the survey area show that close to Drake Passage, properties are aligned in a southwest to northeast direction. At approximately 35degreesW, properties become orientated in a north-south direction. A map of geopotential anomaly shows the flow field across the survey area and allows identification of oceanic fronts. In months previous to the survey, the giant icebergs A22B and B10A crossed the Scotia Sea and closely followed the geopotential field from the CCAMLR 2000 dataset. The SACCF is not the only important front for transporting biological matter from the Antarctic Peninsula to South Georgia; an interaction between the SBACC and the SACCF is also likely to be important. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Res Inst Far Sea Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Atlantic Sci Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Brandon, MA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM m.a.brandon@open.ac.uk RI Brandon, Mark/A-5804-2010 OI Brandon, Mark/0000-0002-7779-0958 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1301 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.006 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900007 ER PT J AU Holm-Hansen, O Kahru, M Hewes, CD Kawaguchi, S Kameda, T Sushin, VA Krasovski, I Priddle, J Korb, R Hewitt, RP Mitchell, BG AF Holm-Hansen, O Kahru, M Hewes, CD Kawaguchi, S Kameda, T Sushin, VA Krasovski, I Priddle, J Korb, R Hewitt, RP Mitchell, BG TI Temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a in surface waters of the Scotia Sea as determined by both shipboard measurements and satellite data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA WATERS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEAWIFS; PRODUCTIVITY; ALGORITHMS; ATLANTIC AB Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in surface waters were measured at 137 hydrographic stations occupied by four research vessels participating in the CCAMLR 2000 Survey and the values were compared to estimates from data acquired by the SeaWiFS satellite. The Chl-a concentrations measured on board ship ranged from 0.06 to 14.6 mg m(-3), a range that includes most surface Chl-a concentrations during mid-summer in the Southern Ocean. Owing to persistent cloud cover over much of the Southern Ocean, it was necessary to acquire multi-day composites of satellite data in order to obtain reliable estimates of Chl-a at each of the hydrographic stations. The correlation between the median value for the eight-day composites and the Chl-a concentrations measured on board ship had an R-2 value of 0.82, with the satellite data under-estimating the values obtained on board ship at high Chl-a concentrations and slightly overestimating the shipboard data at Chl-a concentrations of < 0.2 mg m(-3). For Chl-a concentrations of < 1.0 mg m(-3), the ratio of the satellite estimates divided by the shipboard values was 0.89 +/- 0.45 (n = 50). As the mean Chl-a concentration in most pelagic Antarctic waters is close to 0.5 mg m(-3), satellite estimates for Chl-a concentrations in surface waters are thus close to shipboard measurements, and offer the advantage of providing synoptic maps of Chl-a distribution over extensive areas of the Southern Ocean. Satellite Chl-a images for the months preceding (December 1999) and following (February 2000) the CCAMLR 2000 Survey cruises showed that the general pattern of Chl-a concentration in the Scotia Sea and adjoining waters was similar in all three months, but that the phytoplankton biomass was generally lowest in December, reached maximal values in January, and started to decline in February. in contrast, Chl-a concentrations in Drake Passage declined progressively from early December through February. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. Atlantic Sci Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Holm-Hansen, O (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM oholmhansen@ucsd.edu NR 22 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1323 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.004 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900008 ER PT J AU Holm-Hansen, O Naganobu, M Kawaguchi, S Kameda, T Krasovski, I Tchernyshkov, P Priddle, J Korb, R Brandon, M Demer, D Hewitt, RP Kahru, M Hewes, CD AF Holm-Hansen, O Naganobu, M Kawaguchi, S Kameda, T Krasovski, I Tchernyshkov, P Priddle, J Korb, R Brandon, M Demer, D Hewitt, RP Kahru, M Hewes, CD TI Factors influencing the distribution, biomass, and productivity of phytoplankton in the Scotia Sea and adjoining waters SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; WESTERN BRANSFIELD STRAIT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ELEPHANT-ISLAND; IRON LIMITATION; DIATOM BLOOMS; WEDDELL SEA; ROSS SEA; NUTRIENT; GROWTH AB During January and February 2000 four research vessels, from Russia, the UK, Japan, and the United States, conducted an oceanographic survey with 137 hydrographic stations within the Scotia Sea and adjoining waters as part of a survey sponsored by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) to estimate the biomass and distribution of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measurements showed great variability in phytoplankton biomass within the Scotia Sea, with some areas having among the lowest Chl-a concentrations found in Antarctic waters (<0.1 mg m(-3) in surface waters) while other areas were among the richest with > 10 mg m(-3). This paper describes the distribution and concentration of Chl-a in the upper 100 m of the water column and relates the Chl-a profiles at individual stations to profiles of upper water-column stability, to the depth of the upper mixed layer, and to the mixing of different water masses. The 58 stations with the lowest Chl-a values in surface waters also had low values for integrated Chl-a (33.9 +/- 19.5 mg m(-2)) and a Chl-a maximum at depths of between 70 and 90 m, in contrast to all other stations where deep Chl-a maxima did not occur. The T/S diagrams at many of these stations were indicative of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) waters. The central Scotia Sea and areas to the west and north of South Georgia had significantly higher integrated Chl-a values (98.1+/-46.0 mg m(-2), n = 57), in addition to five stations with very high Chl-a values (mean of 359+/-270 mg m(-2)). The mean rate of integrated primary production, which was estimated using the Chl-a data and the mean incident solar radiation measured from previous cruises as well as from satellite data, was estimated to be 994 mg carbon m(-2) day(-1). The temperature profiles at these stations suggested that considerable interleaving and mixing of water types had occurred, which was also evident in the T/S diagrams, which indicated mixing of ACC waters with coastal waters originating from Bransfield Strait or the Weddell Sea. There was no significant correlation between integrated Chl-a values and the profiles of upper water column stability or the depth of the upper mixed layer. The spatial variability in phytoplankton biomass within the Scotia Sea is discussed in relation to the hypothesis that low iron concentrations are the major factor controlling phytoplankton biomass in these pelagic Antarctic waters and that concentrations of iron available for phytoplankton uptake are strongly influenced by fronts and the mixing of different water masses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. Atlantic Sci Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog, AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Holm-Hansen, O (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM oholmhansen@ucsd.edu RI Brandon, Mark/A-5804-2010 OI Brandon, Mark/0000-0002-7779-0958 NR 68 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1333 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.015 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900009 ER PT J AU Reilly, S Hedley, S Borberg, J Hewitt, R Thiele, D Watkins, J Naganobu, M AF Reilly, S Hedley, S Borberg, J Hewitt, R Thiele, D Watkins, J Naganobu, M TI Biomass and energy transfer to baleen whales in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MINKE WHALES; CONSUMPTION; KRILL; FOOD AB Baleen whales are an important group of predators on Antarctic krill in the Southern Ocean. During the CCAMLR 2000 Survey to estimate the biomass and distribution of Antarctic krill, International Whaling Commission observers carried out a visual line transect survey to estimate the number of baleen whales occurring in the survey area. This paper reviews techniques used to estimate krill consumption by baleen whales and in combination with estimates of whale abundance estimates of krill consumption are generated for the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. This survey estimates that the present populations of whales feeding in this region are likely to consume approximately 1.6 million tonnes, but possibly up to as much as 2.7 million tonnes of krill within the summer season. Although this only represents 4-6% of the estimated krill biomass in the region (and probably less than this percentage of the total annual krill production), the depleted numbers of baleen whales resulting from past or current whaling activities should be taken into account when setting quotas for the commercial exploitation of krill if there is to be a recovery to pre-exploitation biomass levels of baleen whales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RUWPA, Math Inst, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Deakin Univ, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424, Japan. RP Reilly, S (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM steve.reilly@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1397 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j/dsr2.2004.06.008 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900013 ER PT J AU Hewitt, RP Kim, S Naganobu, M Gutierrez, M Kang, D Takao, Y Quinones, J Lee, YH Shin, HC Kawaguchi, S Emery, JH Demer, DA Loeb, VJ AF Hewitt, RP Kim, S Naganobu, M Gutierrez, M Kang, D Takao, Y Quinones, J Lee, YH Shin, HC Kawaguchi, S Emery, JH Demer, DA Loeb, VJ TI Variation in the biomass density and demography of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands during the 1999/2000 austral summer SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ELEPHANT ISLAND; MARINE PREDATORS; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; SCOTIA SEA; FUR SEALS; RECRUITMENT; PENINSULA; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES AB Vessels from Japan, Peru, and the USA conducted four sequential surveys designed to estimate the biomass density and demography of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands between late December 1999 and early March 2000. The surveys were conducted during the same austral summer as the CCAMLR 2000 Survey in the Scotia Sea (Watkins et al., Deep-Sea Research, II, this issue [doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.010]), and the data were analyzed in a similar manner. Biomass densities were not significantly different between the surveys and averaged 49 g m(-2). Maps of krill biomass indicate three areas of consistently high density: one near the eastern end of Elephant Island, one mid-way between Elephant Island and King George Island, and one near Cape Shirreff on the north side of Livingston Island. The areas of highest krill density appeared to move closer to the shelf break as the season progressed. This apparent movement was accompanied by a change in the demographic structure of the population, with smaller krill absent and a larger proportion of sexually mature animals present in late summer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Buasn 608737, South Korea. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424, Japan. Peruvian Marine Inst, IMARPE, Callao, Peru. Hanyang Univ, Ocean Acoust Lab, Dept Earth & Marine Sci, Ansan 425791, Kyunngido, South Korea. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Ibaraki 3140421, Japan. KORDI, Polar Sci Lab, Seoul 425600, South Korea. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Hewitt, RP (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Roger.Hewitt@noaa.gov RI Lee, Youn-Ho/B-9552-2009 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1411 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.018 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900014 ER PT J AU Jones, CD Ramm, DC AF Jones, CD Ramm, DC TI The commercial harvest of krill in the southwest Atlantic before and during the CCAMLR 2000 Survey SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHETLAND-ISLANDS AB A brief history of the commercial harvest and fishing patterns for krill (Euphausia superba) in the Atlantic sector (Area 48) of the Southern Ocean is presented, with an emphasis on the commercial activities of the krill fishery at the time of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. During the period of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey, commercial krill fishing activities were centered at the South Shetland Islands in the southern Scotia Sea (Subarea 48.1). Fishing patterns, catches, catch rates, and biological information are also presented for the Japanese stern trawler Chiyo maru No. 5, which conducted krill fishing operations in the CCAMLR Subarea 48.1 from 31 January to 1 March, 2000. Information on length and maturity composition is summarized for five regions adjacent to the South Shetland Islands where the Chiyo maru No. 5 fished. The biological information collected from the commercial fishery agrees well with the findings of the CCAMLR 2000 Survey, as well as with a regional acoustic survey conducted by the US AMLR in Subarea 48.1 from February 22 to March 7, 2000. The relationship between the commercial and survey information emphasizes the value of collecting fine-scale biological information from commercial krill fisheries in the Southern Ocean. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. CCAMLR, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 8604 Jolla Shore Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM cdjones@ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1421 EP 1434 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.009 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900015 ER PT J AU Murphy, EJ Thorpe, SE Watkins, JL Hewitt, R AF Murphy, EJ Thorpe, SE Watkins, JL Hewitt, R TI Modeling the krill transport pathways in the Scotia Sea: spatial and environmental connections generating the seasonal distribution of krill SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; NORTHERN WEDDELL SEA; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTH-GEORGIA; OCEAN MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ICE; CIRCULATION AB A coupled physical-biological model analysis was undertaken to examine the seasonal development of the distribution of antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in the Scotia Sea. The origin and fate of krill observed during the CCAMLR 2000 survey were studied using output from the OCCAM model. Lagrangian particle tracking for the period prior to the survey showed the expected dominance of the west to east flow of material associated with the main direction of the current flow, but there was no simple association of particle transport with any of the fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Most of the krill were associated with areas to the south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence (WSC) and farther east in Weddell Sea-influenced waters. Examining the pathways of krill transport in relation to satellite-derived sea-ice distributions suggests that particles present in the high krill biomass regions in January would have come from areas that were covered by sea-ice during late winter/early spring (September-October). The results of Eulerian grid-based simulations of the development of the biomass distribution after the survey period showed transport of particles around South Georgia, probably in association with the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. However, many of the krill encountered in the eastern Scotia Sea would have exited toward the east, passing north of the South Sandwich Islands, probably in association with the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Weddell Sea waters that penetrate to the north in this area. These krill may return to more southern regions where further spawning is possible in later years. Simulations of particle tracks that included diurnal vertical migration showed that krill behavior could modify the pathways of transport, although the current flows probably dominate the movement of krill in open ocean regions. This study suggests that the summer distribution of krill in the Scotia Sea is connected to the winter sea-ice distribution and probably to the pattern and rate of the spring sea-ice retreat. Many of the krill in the survey region in the summer of 1999/2000 came from under the sea-ice in the eastern Scotia Sea, the southern Scotia Arc, and the northern Weddell Sea. This highlights that the spatial association of the sea-ice with the Weddell-Scotia Confluence and frontal regions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current during winter and spring will be crucial in determining the summer krill distribution. Variation in the extent and timing of sea-ice retreat, and fluctuations in Weddell-Scotia Confluence and Scotia Sea flows, will change the pathways of transport resulting in large changes in the distribution of the krill during summer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. NOAA, SW Fisheries, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Murphy, EJ (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd,High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM e.murphy@bas.ac.uk NR 61 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12-13 BP 1435 EP 1456 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.019 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 876KY UT WOS:000225496900016 ER PT J AU Allcock, AL Collins, MA Piatkowski, U Vecchione, M AF Allcock, AL Collins, MA Piatkowski, U Vecchione, M TI Thaumeledone and other deep water octopodids from the Southern Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GEORGIA AB Recent trawling in the Southern Ocean has yielded an unusual and relatively large collection of deep-sea octopods, comprising four species in two genera. Several deep-sea genera, which are inadequately characterised, have been reported previously from the Southern Ocean. Within this paper, all the relevant historical type material has been examined and a full revision has been undertaken. Species previously considered to be representative of the genus Bentheledone have either been moved to Thaumeledone or are considered nomen dubium. A revised diagnosis of Thaumeledone is provided together with redescriptions of its Southern Ocean species as well as a description of a new species. A new genus has been erected to accommodate the remainder of the new specimens. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol & Biochem, Marine Syst Res Grp, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Forsch Bereich Marine Okol, IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. NMFS, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Allcock, AL (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol & Biochem, Marine Syst Res Grp, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. EM l.allcock@qub.ac.uk; macol@bas.ac.uk; upiatkowski@ifm.geomar.de; vecchiom@vims.edu RI Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011; Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012 OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817; Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 14-16 BP 1883 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.019 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 881SV UT WOS:000225890600025 ER PT J AU Thiele, D Chester, ET Moore, SE Sirovic, A Hildebrand, JA Friedlaender, AS AF Thiele, D Chester, ET Moore, SE Sirovic, A Hildebrand, JA Friedlaender, AS TI Seasonal variability in whale encounters in the Western Antarctic Peninsula SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE EXTENT; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; MARINE MAMMALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BELLINGSHAUSEN SEAS; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; HABITAT SELECTION; WEDDELL SEA; ZONE; POPULATIONS AB Cetacean sighting surveys were conducted as part of nine multidisciplinary research cruises over late summer, autumn and winter of 2 years (2001-2003) during the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems (SO GLOBEC) program. Sea-ice cover differed markedly between years, with apparent effects on cetacean distribution. No ice was present until late June in 2001, while the previous winter sea ice never fully retreated (> 30% cover) during the 2002 or 2003 summer, thus increasing the proportion of thicker and more complex ice, including multi-year floes. Humpback (237 sightings; 537 individuals) and minke (103 sightings: 267 individuals) whales were the most commonly detected species. Data from seven comparable cruises were used to identify habitat for minke and humpback whales over five geographically distinct spatial divisions in the study area. In all years, both species were predominantly found in near coastal habitat, particularly in the fjords where complex habitat likely concentrated prey. In 2002 and 2003 the presence of sea ice provided additional feeding habitat, and the numbers of minkes (in winter) and humpbacks (late summer and autumn) in the area doubled compared with 2001. Humpbacks in particular were concentrated at the ice boundaries during late summer and autumn, while minke numbers increased in the winter that followed and occupied ice-covered areas along the entire shelf edge. Important resource sites for these species are mainly located in near-coastal areas and are used in all years, but when ice margins exist and intersect with resource sites they attract much larger numbers of animals due to the dynamics between sea ice and prey. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Deakin Univ, Whale Ecol Grp So Ocean, Sch Ecol & Environm, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia. NOAA AFSC Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, MPL, La Jolla, CA USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. RP Thiele, D (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Whale Ecol Grp So Ocean, Sch Ecol & Environm, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia. EM dthiele@deakin.edu.au NR 59 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 17-19 BP 2311 EP 2325 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.007 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883VZ UT WOS:000226045100022 ER PT J AU Sirovic, A Hildebrand, JA Wiggins, SM McDonald, MA Moore, SE Thiele, D AF Sirovic, A Hildebrand, JA Wiggins, SM McDonald, MA Moore, SE Thiele, D TI Seasonality of blue and fin whale calls and the influence of sea lee in the Western Antarctic Peninsula SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; NORTH PACIFIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; MARINE BIRDS; ICE EXTENT; CALIFORNIA; SOUNDS; MIGRATION; MAMMALS AB The calling seasonality of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whales was assessed using acoustic data recorded on seven autonomous acoustic recording packages (ARPs) deployed from March 2001 to February 2003 in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Automatic detection and acoustic power analysis methods were used for determining presence and absence of whale calls. Blue whale calls were detected year round, on average 177 days per year, with peak calling in March and April, and a secondary peak in October and November. Lowest calling rates occurred between June and September, and in December. Fin whale calling rates were seasonal with calls detected between February and June (on average 51 days/year), and peak calling in May. Sea ice formed a month later and retreated a month earlier in 2001 than in 2002 over all recording sites. During the entire deployment period, detected calls of both species of whales showed negative correlation with sea ice concentrations at all sites, suggesting an absence of blue and fin whales in areas covered with sea ice. A conservative density estimate of calling whales from the acoustic data yields 0.43 calling blue whales per 1000 n mi(2) and 1.30 calling fin whales per 1000 n mi(2), which is about one-third higher than the density of blue whales and approximately equal to the density of fin whales estimated from the visual surveys. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Whale Acoust, Bellvue, CO USA. NOAA AFSC Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Deakin Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia. RP Sirovic, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ana@mpl.ucsd.edu NR 75 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 17-19 BP 2327 EP 2344 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.005 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883VZ UT WOS:000226045100023 ER PT J AU Simmons, HL Hallberg, RW Arbic, BK AF Simmons, HL Hallberg, RW Arbic, BK TI Internal wave generation in a global baroclinic tide model SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Assembly of the EGS/AGU/EUG CY APR 06-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; DEEP-OCEAN; SURFACE MANIFESTATION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ABYSSAL OCEAN; ENERGY; DISSIPATION; PROPAGATION AB The energy flux out of barotropic tides and into internal waves ("conversion") is computed using a global domain multi-layer numerical model. The solution is highly baroclinic and reveals a global field of internal waves radiating way from generation sites of rough topography. A small number of sites where intense internal wave generation occurs accounts for most of the globally integrated work done on the barotropic tide and dominates sites such as the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The globally integrated conversion of the M-2 barotropic tide is 891 Gigawatts and the globally integrated rate of working of the ocean by astronomical forcing is 2.94 Terawatts. Both of these estimates are close to accepted values derived from independent methods. Regional estimates of conversion are also similar to previous inferences, lending additional confidence that the solution has captured the essential physics of low-mode internal wave generation and that numerical prediction of conversion has skill in regions where no previous estimates are available. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Simmons, HL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM hsimmons@iarc.uaf.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 NR 64 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 25-26 BP 3043 EP 3068 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.015 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 884AO UT WOS:000226057200011 ER PT J AU Arbic, BK Garner, ST Hallberg, RW Simmons, HL AF Arbic, BK Garner, ST Hallberg, RW Simmons, HL TI The accuracy of surface elevations in forward global barotropic and baroclinic tide models SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Assembly of the EGS/AGU/EUG CY APR 06-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; INTERNAL TIDES; OCEAN TIDES; DEEP-OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; HARMONIC DEVELOPMENT; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; ABYSSAL OCEAN AB This paper examines the accuracy of surface elevations in a forward global numerical model of 10 tidal constituents. Both one-layer and two-layer simulations are performed. As far as the authors are aware, the two-layer simulations and the simulations in a companion paper (Deep-Sea Research 11, 51 (2004) 3043) represent the first published global numerical solutions for baroclinic tides. Self-consistent forward solutions for the global tide are achieved with a convergent iteration procedure for the self-attraction and loading term. Energies are too large, and elevation accuracies are poor, unless substantial abyssal drag is present. Reasonably accurate tidal elevations can be obtained with a spatially uniform bulk drag c(d) or horizontal viscosity K-H, but only if these are inordinately large. More plausible schemes concentrate drag over rough topography. The topographic drag scheme used here is based on an exact analytical solution for arbitrary small-amplitude terrain, and supplemented by dimensional analysis to account for drag due to flow-splitting and low-level turbulence as well as that due to breaking of radiating waves. The scheme is augmented by a multiplicative factor tuned to minimize elevation discrepancies with respect to the TOPEX/ POSEIDON (T/P)-constrained GOT99.2 model. The multiplicative factor may account for undersampled small spatial scales in bathymetric datasets. An optimally tuned multi-constituent one-layer simulation has an RMS elevation discrepancy of 9.54 cm with respect to GOT99.2, in waters deeper than 1000 m and over latitudes covered by T/P (66degreesN to 66degreesS). The surface elevation discrepancy decreases to 8.90 cm (92 percent of the height variance captured) in the optimally tuned two-layer solution. The improvement in accuracy is not due to the direct surface elevation signature of internal tides, which is of small amplitude, but to a shift in the barotropic tide induced by baroclinicity. Elevations are also more accurate in the two-layer model when pelagic tide gauges are used as the benchmark, and when the T/P-constrained TPXO6.2 model is used as a benchmark in deep waters south of 66degreesS. For Antarctic diurnal tides, the improvement in forward model elevation accuracy with baroclinicity is substantial. The optimal multiplicative factor in the two-layer case is nearly the same as in the one-layer case, against initial expectations that the explicit resolution of low-mode conversion would allow less parameterized drag. In the optimally tuned two-layer M-2 solution, local values of the ratio of temporally averaged squared upper layer speed to squared lower layer speed often exceed 10. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM arbic@splash.princeton.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 NR 108 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 25-26 BP 3069 EP 3101 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.014 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 884AO UT WOS:000226057200012 ER PT S AU Boynton, PA AF Boynton, PA BE Hopper, DG TI Methods for assessing display measurement capabilities SO DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND COCKPIT DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, and Cockpit Displays CY APR 14-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE display measurements; gamut assessment; measurement diagnostics; small area contrast measurements; stray-light; veiling glare AB When characterizing or calibrating electronic displays, the technical staff needs to understand the capabilities and limitations of the measuring instrumentation used. Once these parameters are established, the metrologist can make meaningful decisions about the appropriateness of the instrument, identify potential errors, and remedy solutions if applicable. Several tools are introduced to facilitate the assessment of display measurement systems: the display measurement assessment standard (DMATS), the gamut assessment standard (GAS) and several stray-light elimination tools. Employing these tools, one can better understand the measurement capabilities of the facility and possibly make desired improvements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boynton, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5366-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5443 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1117/12.578106 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA20 UT WOS:000224379700033 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, VS Jahanmir, S Thompson, VP AF Nagarajan, VS Jahanmir, S Thompson, VP TI In vitro contact wear of dental composites SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental composites; resin matrix; ceramic filters; wear; dental restorations ID RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FILLER CONTENT; DENTISTRY; ENAMEL; WATER AB Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the in vitro two-body contact wear mechanisms of three medium filled composites and compare these with a highly filled composite previously investigated. Materials and methods. Three commercial dental composites with fitter mass fraction loading of 75-76% were evaluated. Two of the composites contained Ba-B-Al-silicate glass filters and fumed silica with different particle sizes and distributions. One of these composites contained a fairly uniform distribution of fitter particles ranging in size from 1 to 5 mum, whereas the particle size distribution in the second composite was bimodal consisting of small (less than 1 mum) and large (about 10 mum) particles. The third composite contained Ba-Al-silicate glass and silica with a fitter particle size of approximately 1 mum. The composite disks were tested for wear against harder alumina counterfaces. Wear tests were conducted in distilled water using a pin-on-disk tribometer under conditions that represented typical oral conditions (sliding speed of 2.5 mm/s and contact loads ranging from 1 to 20 N). The wear tracks were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to elucidate the wear mechanisms. The chemical composition of the water solution collected after the tests was determined using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to detect possible chemical changes, e.g. dissolution of trace elements due to submersion or wear. The wear results were compared with those reported in an earlier study on a highly fitted composite containing predominately alumino-silicate glass filters and alumina at a fitter loading of 92%. Results. The differences in two-body wear rates between the three medium filled composites,were not, statistically significant (p < 0.05) indicating that the variations in fitter particle size and slight differences in chemical composition of the glass filters do not affect the in vitro wear rates of these composites. Wear rates of these medium filled composites, however, were significantly tower than the highly filled composite (p < 0.05). SEM, FTIR and ICP-MS analyses suggested that wear in the medium filled composites occurs by a complex set of processes involving tribochemical reactions between fitter particles and water, formation of surface films containing a mixture of fitter fragments and reaction products, and film delamination, as well as dissolution of the reaction products. Significance, This study reveals that subtle changes in the fitter particle size and small differences in fitter composition do not significantly affect the two-body wear behavior of medium filled composites. However, the chemistry of fitter particles plays an important role in altering the wear performance of composites when significant changes are made in the chemical composition of the filters and when the fitter loading is increased. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Nagarajan, VS (reprint author), MiTiHeart Corp, POB 83610, Gaithersburg, MD 20883 USA. EM sjahanmir@mitiheart.com OI Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE10976-01A1] NR 36 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00069-1 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 773CN UT WOS:000188880300009 PM 14698775 ER PT S AU Govoni, JJ AF Govoni, JJ BE Govoni, JJ TI The development of form and function in fishes and the question of larval adaptation SO DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND FUNCTION IN FISHES AND THE QUESTION OF LARVAL ADAPTATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Development of Form and Function in Fishes and the Question of Larval Adaptation CY JUL, 2002 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ONTOGENY; MORPHOLOGY; ZEBRAFISH; TERMINOLOGY; VERTEBRATES; SYSTEMATICS; DEFINITION; PHYSIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; INTERVALS AB Fish embryos and larvae are developing, not static, organisms before metamorphosis or transformation to the juvenile form. The means by which embryos and larvae meet physiological challenges posed by their environments and the extent to which evolution shapes the outcome of development is only partially understood. An understanding of these issues can only be approached by coupling the development of form and function over the broad phylogenetic span of fishes. Much work has come forward that describes the development of body form and organ systems, while equally valuable, but often separate, work has emerged that describes the physiology of embryos and larvae. Far fewer composite studies that couple developing form with function are available, and fewer yet have addressed such questions as when, and in what capacity, do developing organs or organ systems function. The evolutionary question also requires a phylogenetic perspective. The reviews that follow this introduction will present current thought that reflects upon the following questions: (1) when is-the onset of organ (or organ system) development, and in what physiological capacity do these systems operate among fish embryos and larvae; and (2) are there morphological and physiological specializations that are unique to embryonic and larval fishes, and what are these specializations? C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-58-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2004 VL 40 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY80P UT WOS:000189467400001 ER PT S AU Govoni, JJ AF Govoni, JJ BE Govoni, JJ TI Epilogue SO DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND FUNCTION IN FISHES AND THE QUESTION OF LARVAL ADAPTATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Development of Form and Function in Fishes and the Question of Larval Adaptation CY JUL, 2002 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID DIGESTIVE-SYSTEM; AMINO-ACIDS; LARVAE; FISH; ONTOGENY; HEMATOPOIESIS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; TRACT; BREAM C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-58-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2004 VL 40 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY80P UT WOS:000189467400009 ER PT B AU McKinley, MD Remley, KA Myslinski, M Kenney, JS Schreurs, D Nauwelaers, B AF McKinley, MD Remley, KA Myslinski, M Kenney, JS Schreurs, D Nauwelaers, B GP IEEE TI EVM calculation for broadband modulated signals SO Digital Communications Systems Metrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th ARFTG Microwave Measurements Conference CY DEC 02-03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP ARFTG DE digital modulation; error vector magnitude; vector signal analyzer; wireless telecommunications AB We present a normalization that facilitates calculation of error vector magnitude (EVM) from measurements. We derive the definition of EVM for a common industry standard from a more basic equation. We compare EVM for various modulation types for a given average symbol power under simple distortion conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP McKinley, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Nauwelaers, Bart/C-8321-2012 OI Nauwelaers, Bart/0000-0003-3986-2786 NR 2 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8952-2 PY 2004 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCD06 UT WOS:000228692900006 ER PT J AU Liggett, WS Barker, PE Semmes, OJ Cazares, LH AF Liggett, WS Barker, PE Semmes, OJ Cazares, LH TI Measurement reproducibility in the early stages of biomarker development SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article ID CANCER; SERUM; RUGGEDNESS; PATTERNS; DESIGNS AB Biomarker discovery and development requires measurement reproducibility studies in addition to case-control studies. Parallel pursuit of reproducibility studies is especially important for emerging technologies such as protein biomarkers based on time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the case considered in this paper. For parallel studies, a way to improve reproducibility prior to identification of protein species is necessary. One approach is use of functional principal components analysis (PCA) as the basis for assessing measurement reproducibility. Reproducibility studies involve repeated measurement of a reference material such as a human serum standard. Measurement in our example is by SELDI-TOF (surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry. Reproducibility is defined in reference to a source of variation, which in our example is associated with a type of commercially available protein biochip. We obtained spectra for 8 spots on each 11 chips. Two spectra are generally more alike when obtained from the same chip rather than different chips. Thus, our experiment indicates potential improvements from reducing variation in chip manufacture and chip handling during measurement. Our analysis involves careful registration of the spectra and characterization of the spectral differences. As shown by our example, a metrological analysis may enhance case-control studies by guiding optimization of the measurements underlying the biomarker. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Biomed Prote, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. RP Liggett, WS (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.liggett@nist.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 295 EP 307 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 903YA UT WOS:000227460300002 PM 15665389 ER PT S AU White, CC Hunston, DL AF White, CC Hunston, DL BE Wolf, AT TI Issues related to the mechanical property characterization of sealants SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesive CY JAN 29-30, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE durability; elastomer; material properties; Mullins effect; rheology; sealant; stress-extension; viscoelasticity ID MODEL; ELASTOMERS; BEHAVIOR; RUBBER AB Quantification of the mechanical properties of cured sealant is complicated by the presence of the Mullins effect. This paper examines the Mullins effect using five different sealants encompassing the range of properties and formulations found in commercial sealants. Three main observations include: the Mullins effect was observed in all sealant formulations studied, the Mullins effect was observed in both tension and compression strains, and there was a recovery of the Mullins effect after sufficient periods of time between repeated loading cycles. Simple rules were formulated to describe the Mullins effect. Moreover, the tests show that understanding the Mullins effect is crucial in characterizing the mechanical properties of a sealant. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3480-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1453 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1520/STP12572S PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BBR76 UT WOS:000227471600023 ER PT S AU Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, B Frechette, S Jones, A Cho, H Jeong, B AF Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, B Frechette, S Jones, A Cho, H Jeong, B BE Cunningham, P Cunningham, M TI An interoperability testing study: Automotive inventory visibility and interoperability SO EADOPTION AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ISSUES, APPLICATIONS, CASE STUDIES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT eChallenges e-2004 Conference CY OCT 27-29, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB This paper describes a collaborative effort between the NIST and Korean Business-to-Business Interoperability Test Beds to support a global, automotive-industry interoperability project. The purpose of the collaboration is to develop a methodology for validation of interoperable data-content standards implemented across inventory visibility tools within an internationally adopted testing framework. In this paper we describe methods (1) to help the vendors consistently implement prescribed message standards and (2) to assess compliance of those implementations with respect to the prescribed data content standards. We also illustrate these methods in support of an initial proof of concept for an international IVI scenario. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1230 BN 1-58603-470-7 J9 INFORM COMM TECH KNO PY 2004 VL 1 BP 551 EP 558 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBH50 UT WOS:000225554600073 ER PT S AU Wu, XQ AF Wu, XQ BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Operational calibration of solar reflectance channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB The AVHRR solar reflectance channels need on-orbit calibration that can only be done vicariously. For over a decade, NOAA/NESDIS has paid particular attention to the vicarious calibration based on the Libyan Desert. A previous algorithm was remarkably precise ( < 2%) in predicting the long term instrument degradation, but because it omitted the seasonal variation caused by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the target, the post-launch calibration was much less precise ( similar to 5%). Careful selection of more uniform target and better detection of contaminated measurements (by clouds, dust storm, and wet surface after rain) further reduced noises in the data used to monitor instrument degradation. Together, these improvements reduced latency of post-launch calibration from 3-4 years to 18 months, with enhanced statistical confidence. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1117/12.561289 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400028 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Rice, JP Zhang, J Lykke, KR AF Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Rice, JP Zhang, J Lykke, KR BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources (SIRCUS) facility at NIST SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE calibration; detectors; lasers; ocean color; remote sensing ID ACCURACY CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; STANDARDS; LASER AB Detectors have historically been calibrated for spectral power responsivity at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using a lamp-monochromator system to tune the wavelength of the excitation source. Silicon detectors can be calibrated in the visible spectral region with uncertainties at the 0.1% level. However, uncertainties increase dramatically when measuring an instrument's spectral irradiance or radiance responsivity. In addition, the uncertainties are even larger in the UV and IR ranges. We will discuss a new laser-based facility for Spectral Irradiance and Radiance responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) that was developed to calibrate instruments directly in irradiance or radiance mode with uncertainties approaching those available for spectral power responsivity calibrations. In this facility, high-power, tunable lasers are introduced into an integrating sphere using optical fibers, producing uniform, quasi-Lambertian, high radiant flux sources. Reference standard irradiance detectors, calibrated directly against national primary standards for spectral power responsivity, are used to determine the irradiance at a reference plane. Knowing the measurement geometry, the source radiance can be readily determined as well. The radiometric properties of the SIRCUS source coupled with state-of-the-art transfer standard radiometers whose responsivities are directly traceable to primary national radiometric scales, result in typical combined standard uncertainties in irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations less than 0.1% in the visible (larger in the UV and IR). Details of the facility are presented and examples of unique calibrations possible in the facility are given, including system-level responsivity calibrations in support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) remote sensing activities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1117/12.559577 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400037 ER PT S AU Wang, CZ Xie, SP Carton, JA AF Wang, CZ Xie, SP Carton, JA BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI A global survey of ocean-atmosphere interaction and climate variability SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE AB The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere plays an important role in shaping the climate and its variations. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge of air-sea interaction and climate variations over the global ocean. The largest source of climate variability in the instrumental record is El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which extends its reach globally through the ability of the atmosphere to bridge ocean basins. The growth of ENSO owes its existence to a positive ocean-atmosphere feedback mechanism (originally envisioned by J. Bjerknes) that involves the interaction of ocean dynamics, atmospheric convection, and winds in the equatorial Pacific. The Bjerknes feedback and the resultant equatorial zonal mode of climate variability are a common feature to all three tropical oceans despite differences in dimension, geometry and mean climate. In addition to this zonal mode, the tropics also support a meridional. mode, whose growth is due to a thermodynamic feedback mechanism involving the interaction of the cross-equatorial gradient of properties such as sea surface temperature and displacements of the seasonal intertropical convergence zone. This meridional mode is observed in the tropical Atlantic, with some evidence of its existence in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In the extratropics, in contrast, the sources of climate variability are more distributed. Much of climate variability may be explained by the presence of white noise due to synoptic weather disturbances whose impact on climate at longer timescales is due to the integrating effect of the ocean's ability to store and release heat. Still, there is some evidence of a more active role for the mid-latitude ocean in climate variability, especially near major ocean currents/fronts. Finally, various atmospheric and oceanic bridges that link different ocean basins are discussed, along with their implications for paleoclimate changes and the current global warming. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov; xie@hawaii.edu; carton@atmos.umd.edu RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 137 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2004 VL 147 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500001 PM 15133888 ER PT S AU Wang, CZ Picaut, J AF Wang, CZ Picaut, J BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI Understanding ENSO physics - A review SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; HEAT-CONTENT VARIABILITY; HYBRID COUPLED MODEL; GENERALIZED STABILITY THEORY; DELAYED ACTION OSCILLATOR AB Since the TOGA program, and in particular the maintenance of its observing system in the tropical Pacific, significant progress has been made in the understanding of ENSO. ENSO has been viewed as a self-sustained and naturally oscillatory mode or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. Whatever the case, El Nino involves Bjerknes' positive ocean-atmosphere feedback that culminates with warm SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern and central Pacific. After an El Nino reaches its mature phase, negative feedbacks are required to terminate the growth of warm SST anomalies. Four major negative feedbacks have been proposed: wave reflection at the ocean western boundary, a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport, a western Pacific wind-forced Kelvin wave of opposite sign, and anomalous zonal advection. These negative feedbacks may work in varying combinations to terminate El Nino, and reverse it into La Nina. The seasonal cycle can contribute to the irregularity and phase-locking of ENSO, and the intraseasonal variability can be a source of both ENSO's variability and irregularity. Tropical Pacific decadal-multidecadal variability and warming trends may modulate ENSO. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain tropical Pacific decadal-multidecadal variability, and they are categorized by their tropical origins and tropical-extratropical connections. Mechanisms of tropical origins include stochastic forcing, interactions between the seasonal and interannual cycles, internal nonlinearity, asymmetry between El Nino and La Nina, and local ocean-atmosphere interaction, while those of tropical-extratropical connections involve oceanic bridges, wave propagation, and atmospheric bridges. Difficulties and uncertainties of studies on low-frequency variability and interpretation of warming trends, global warming, and ENSO are also discussed. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov; Joel.Picaut@cnes.fr RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 257 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2004 VL 147 BP 21 EP 48 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500002 ER PT S AU Sun, DZ AF Sun, DZ BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI The control of meridional differential surface heating over the level of ENSO activity: A heat-pump hypothesis SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; 1986-87 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; THERMOSTAT; SIMULATION; INCREASE AB Numerical experiments with a coupled model have been carried out to test the heat-pump hypothesis for ENSO. The hypothesis states that the level of ENSO activity is controlled by the meridional differential surface heating over the Pacific: either an enhanced surface heating over the equatorial region or an enhanced cooling over the subtropical/extratropical ocean may result in a regime with stronger ENSO events. Moreover, ENSO may be a mechanism that regulates the long-term stability of the coupled equatorial ocean-atmosphere system. The results from the numerical experiments are shown to be consistent with this hypothesis. A stronger tropical heating or a stronger subtropical/extratropical cooling tends to increase the contrast between the SST in the tropical western Pacific warm-pool and the temperature of the equatorial thermocline water and thereby destabilize the coupled equatorial ocean-atmosphere system. In response, a regime with stronger ENSO events sets in. The stronger ENSO events transport more heat downward and poleward, cooling the warm-pool SST and warming the equatorial thermocline water. In the presence of ENSO, the difference between the time-mean warm-pool SST and the time-mean temperature of the equatorial thermocline water is found to be insensitive to changes in the external forcing. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2004 VL 147 BP 71 EP 83 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500004 ER PT S AU Alexander, MA Lau, NC Scott, JD AF Alexander, MA Lau, NC Scott, JD BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI Broadening the atmospheric bridge paradigm: ENSO teleconnections to the tropical west Pacific-Indian oceans over the seasonal cycle and to the north Pacific in summer SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EAST ASIAN TELECONNECTION; UNITED-STATES DROUGHT; ISCCP DATA SETS; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; RADIATIVE FLUXES; NUMERICAL-MODEL AB During El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, atmospheric teleconnections associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific can influence the ocean thousands of kilometers away. We use several data sets to delineate this "atmospheric bridge" between ocean basins, focusing on two emerging research areas: 1) the evolution of atmosphere-ocean interactions in the tropical Indian-Western Pacific Oceans over the full ENSO cycle and 2) the formation of large-amplitude SST anomalies in North Pacific in the summer. before ENSO peaks. In ENSO composites [where events peak near the end ofYr(0)], an cast-west SST dipole develops in the indian Ocean during the summer-fall ofYr(0), followed by basin-wide warming through spring of Yr(1). The SST anomalies over most of the tropical west-Pacific also reverse sign, from negative in summer of Yr(0) to positive in the following summer. Local air-sea interactions influence the evolution these ENSO-induced SST anomalies and related sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation anomalies. Over the western North Pacific, the southward displacement of the jet stream storm track in the summer of Yr(0) changes the solar radiation and latent heat flux at the surface, which results in anomalous cooling (and deepening) of the oceanic mixed layer at similar to40degreesN. The potential impact of both the, tropical and North Pacific SST anomalies on the broader climate is discussed. C1 NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 85 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2004 VL 147 BP 85 EP 103 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500005 ER PT S AU Barreiro, M Giannini, A Chang, P Saravanan, R AF Barreiro, M Giannini, A Chang, P Saravanan, R BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI On the. role of the south Atlantic atmospheric circulation in tropical Atlantic variability SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; COUPLED VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN; MODEL; OSCILLATION; MECHANISMS; SST; CONVERGENCE AB One dominant manifestation of tropical Atlantic variability (TAV) takes place in March-April-May in the form of a strong inter-hemispheric sea surface temperature gradient coupled to a cross-equatorial near surface atmospheric flow. The variability of this circulation pattern affects the position of the intertropical convergence zone and the regional climate in the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the effect of the South Atlantic atmospheric variability on this phenomenon. We found that southern summer atmospheric variability (and to a lesser extent winter variability) can play a pre-conditioning role in the onset of inter-hemispheric anomalies in the deep tropics during the following austral fall. It does so by inducing a sea surface temperature anomaly in the southern tropics that initiates local thermodynamic air-sea feedbacks. This remote influence of the Southern Hemisphere on TAV is contrasted with the remote influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during austral summer. The results suggest that to fully understand TAV and its predictability it is necessary to consider not only the remote influences from ENSO and NAO, but also the influence from the South Atlantic atmospheric circulation. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Barreiro, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher Ocean Sci, 205 Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Giannini, Alessandra/H-4403-2013; Giannini, Alessandra/F-7163-2016 OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Giannini, Alessandra/0000-0001-5425-4995 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2004 VL 147 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500008 ER PT S AU Vecchi, GA Harrison, DE AF Vecchi, GA Harrison, DE BE Wang, C Xie, SP Carton, JA TI Interannual Indian rainfall variability and Indian ocean sea surface temperature anomalies SO EARTH'S CLIMATE: THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability CY DEC, 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL; WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; ARABIAN SEA; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; MODEL; INDEXES AB It is shown that interannual variations in Indian continental rainfall during the southwest monsoon can be usefully represented by two regional rainfall indices. Indian rainfall is concentrated in two regions, each with strong mean and variance in precipitation: the Western Ghats (WG) and the Ganges-Mahanadi Basin (GB) region. Interannual variability of rainfall averaged over each of the two regions (WG and GB) is uncorrelated; however, the rainfall over these two regions together explains 90% of the interannual variance of All-India rainfall (AIR). The lack of correlation between WG and GB rainfall suggests that different mechanisms may account for their variability. During the period 1982-2001, rainfall variability over each of these two regions exhibits distinct relationships to Indian Ocean SST warm SSTA over the western Arabian Sea at the monsoon onset is associated with increased WG rainfall (r = 0.77), while cool SSTA off of Java and Sumatra is associated with increased GB rainfall (r = -0.55). The connection between SSTA and AIR is considerably weaker, and represents the superposition of that associated with each region. We find the relationship with WG rainfall is robust, while that with GB results from a single exceptional year. Each region also exhibits distinct relationships to El Nino SSTA indices. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus Rte 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 50 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-412-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2004 VL 147 BP 247 EP 259 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBJ25 UT WOS:000225756500014 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD Schindler, DE AF Scheuerell, MD Schindler, DE TI Changes in the spatial distribution of fishes in lakes along a residential development gradient SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE spatial distribution; lakeshore development; morphometry; model; hydroacoustics ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; NORTH TEMPERATE LAKES; FRESH-WATER LAKES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PREDATION RISK; ECOLOGY; STATE; EUTROPHICATION; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS AB As the human demand for freshwater natural resources such as fish and drinking water increases' we may rely more heavily on models to predict the response of aquatic ecosystems to natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Theses models in turn implicitly depend on the underlying spatial distribution of organisms. In terrestrial ecosystems, increased natural resource utilization has transformed habitat and changed the spatial distribution of organisms, with subsequent negative effects on biota. Recent studies in lakes demonstrate that human development of lakeshores alters the physical habitat and nutrient cycles. The impact of such disturbance by humans on the spatial distribution of aquatic organisms, however, remains unknown. Here we quantify the effect of lakeshore development on the spatial distribution of fishes in 23 lakes in the US Pacific Northwest. We found a significant decrease in the spatial aggregation of fishes with increased shoreline development by humans, reflecting a loss of refugia and resource heterogeneity that favors aggregation among fishes. We also found that lakes with a high perimeter-surface-area ratio and a relatively shallow littoral zone had much higher levels of fish aggregation, suggesting the importance of terrestrial inputs to lakes. Finally, we found a marginally significant decrease in fish spatial aggregation with increased total phosphorus concentration, but no effect of chlorophyll concentration, water transparency, the predator-prey ratio, or number of species on fish spatial distributions. These results suggest that anthropogenic modification of shorelines is significantly altering the spatial distribution of important aquatic organisms, and that these changes may have important implications for predictive modeling of ecosystem dynamics. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Zool, POB 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 56 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0214-0 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 803TA UT WOS:000220252200008 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fischer, DA McBreen, J AF Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fischer, DA McBreen, J TI Combined NMR and XAS study on local environments and electronic structures of electrochemically Li-ion deintercalated Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 electrode system SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE; BATTERIES; SPECTROSCOPY; MANGANESE; LICOO2; CHARGE; EDGE AB Combined Li-6 magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, in situ metal K-edge (hard) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and O K-edge (soft) XAS have been carried out during the first charging process for layered Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material. The Li-6 MAS NMR results showed the presence of Li in the Ni2+/Mn4+ layers, in addition to the expected sites for Li in the lithium layers. On charging, Li ions in both the transition metals and lithium layers are removed and no new resonances are observed. The metal K-edge XAS results suggest that the major charge compensation at the metal site during charge is achieved by oxidation of Ni2+ ions, while manganese ions remain mostly unchanged in the Mn4+ state. From observation of O K-edge XAS results, one can conclude that a large portion of the charge compensation during charge is achieved in the oxygen site. This work provides the possibility of larger capacity of the electrode material using Li in the transition metal layers and contribution of oxygen during charge. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jmcbreen@bnl.gov RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 14 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP A53 EP A55 DI 10.1149/1.1643592 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 770AE UT WOS:000188700000005 ER PT J AU Mallett, JJ Svedberg, EB Sayan, S Shapiro, AJ Wielunski, L Madey, TE Egelhoff, WF Moffat, TP AF Mallett, JJ Svedberg, EB Sayan, S Shapiro, AJ Wielunski, L Madey, TE Egelhoff, WF Moffat, TP TI Compositional control in electrodeposition of FePt films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION REGION; THIN-FILMS; ALLOY; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; COPT; ANISOTROPY; REDUCTION; CRYSTAL AB Fe-Ptthin-film alloys have been grown by electrodeposition at potentials positive to that required to deposit elemental Fe. X-ray diffraction studies indicate the formation of fine grained face centered cubic alloys, while Rutherford backscattering spectrscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveal substantial incorporation of oxygen in the FePt deposits. The Fe-Pt codeposition process is driven by the negative enthalpy associated with alloy formation. The experimentally determined relationship between alloy composition and the iron group underpotential was found to be in reasonable agreement with free energy calculations for the binary alloy system, based on thermochemical data. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Mallett, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.mallett@nist.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP C121 EP C124 DI 10.1149/1.1792251 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400027 ER PT J AU Li, GF Martinez, C Janata, J Smith, JA Josowicz, M Semancik, S AF Li, GF Martinez, C Janata, J Smith, JA Josowicz, M Semancik, S TI Effect of morphology on the response of polyaniline-based conductometric gas sensors: Nanofibers vs. thin films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; ANILINE; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; MEMBRANE; TEMPLATE AB Mixtures of methanol with increasing fractions of formic acid were used to progressively transform the morphology of polyaniline starting from nanofibers to compact conventional films. It was demonstrated that the methanol/formic acid mixture could be used as a viable solvent system for nanostructured polyaniline to achieve sufficient processability while maintaining its microstructure. The effects of morphology on the response of polyaniline-based conductometric sensors to neutral gas molecules were also examined. Although the nanofiber films demonstrated faster responses, they exhibited lower sensitivity than conventional thin films. Creating high surface area nanofibril structures in polyaniline film does not appear to effectively enhance sensor sensitivity due to the relatively open structure inherent to many polymeric materials and the adverse contribution from the interfibrillar contact resistance associated with nanofiber films. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Li, GF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP H44 EP H47 DI 10.1149/1.1795053 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400049 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, V Lubell, J Vasquez, GB Lemkin, P Sriram, RD Gilliland, GL AF Ravichandran, V Lubell, J Vasquez, GB Lemkin, P Sriram, RD Gilliland, GL TI Ongoing development of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data standards SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE data standard; interoperability; markup language; proteomics; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; PROTEOMICS; BIOINFORMATICS; DISCOVERY; SCIENCE AB We present an approach toward standardizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) data in support of developing a globally relevant proteomics consensus in order to provide more efficient database querying and data comparisons through the establishment of the necessary definitions and interdisciplinary reference fields for both the 2-D PAGE community, particularly in the proteomics area, and the clinical and experimental biological research communities, in general. This article covers the need for unifying the 2-D PAGE data through a common data repository, and its usefulness in data standards and data interoperability. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ravichandran, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM vravi@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1002/elps.200305748 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 771YP UT WOS:000188813900011 PM 14743482 ER PT B AU Zha, XF AF Zha, XF BE Huang, T TI Towards distributed collaborative design of robot families for mass customization SO ELEVENTH WORLD CONGRESS IN MECHANISM AND MACHINE SCIENCE, VOLS 1-5, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress in Mechanism and Machine Science CY APR 01-04, 2004 CL Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA DE collaborative design; modular robot; robot platform; robot family; customized robots AB This paper presents a research effort on the collaborative design of robot families for mass customization, i.e., collaborative robot customization. In the paper, the high-level information and knowledge modeling issues regarding distributed collaborative design of robot families are addressed. A module-based distributed & integrated collaborative robot family design for customization scheme is proposed with knowledge intensive support for task or customer requirements' modeling, robot architecture modeling, robot platform establishment, robot family generation, and robot assessment. The issues related to the development of knowledge intensive collaborative modular robot family design framework and system are also addressed. Finally, a collaborative design case for a family of micro-robotic systems is provided. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINA MACHINE PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO 1 NANLI BAIWANZHUANG, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-111-14073-7 PY 2004 BP 440 EP 445 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BAI88 UT WOS:000222469600084 ER PT J AU Schwarz, FP AF Schwarz, FP TI Calorimetric analysis of mutagenic effects on protein-ligand interactions SO ENERGETICS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES, PT D SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; ACTIVATOR PROTEIN; CRP MUTANT; BINDING; COMPLEX; CAP; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2004 VL 379 BP 128 EP 145 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BY88J UT WOS:000189486200007 PM 15051355 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Chinchilla, D Lau, H Eisenstein, E AF Gallagher, DT Chinchilla, D Lau, H Eisenstein, E TI Local and global control mechanisms in allosteric threonine deaminase SO ENERGETICS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES, PT E SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE; SERINE BIOSYNTHESIS; EFFECTOR-BINDING; HUMAN-HEMOGLOBIN; LIGAND-BINDING; ASPARTATE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANIMAL TISSUES; MOLECULAR CODE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotech Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, CARB, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biotech Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2004 VL 380 BP 85 EP + PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BY85A UT WOS:000189478100004 PM 15051333 ER PT J AU Ginoux, P Prospero, JM Torres, O Chin, M AF Ginoux, P Prospero, JM Torres, O Chin, M TI Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric modeling; dust; North Atlantic Oscillation ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL AEROSOLS; TOMS; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; OZONE; PACIFIC; IMPACT AB Global distribution of aeolian dust is simulated from 1981 to 1996 with the Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model. The results are compared with in situ measurements and satellite data. An index is calculated from the model results and the satellite viewing angles to allow quantitative comparison with the Total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol index. The annual budget over the different continents and oceans are analyzed. The simulated annual emission varies from a minimum of 1950 Tg in 1996 to a maximum of 2400 Tg in 1988. Of these emissions, 65% is from North Africa and 25% from Asia. It is found that North America received twice as much dust from other continents than it emits per year. There is no significant trend over the 16-year simulation. The inter-annual variability of dust distribution is analyzed over the North Atlantic and Africa. It is found that in winter a large fraction of the North Atlantic and Africa dust loading is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. It is shown that a controlling factor of such correlation can be attributed to dust emission from the Sahel. The Bodele depression is the major dust source in winter and its inter-annual variability is highly correlated with the NAO. However, the long record of dust concentration measured at Barbados indicates that there is no correlation with the NAO index and surface concentration in winter. Longer simulation should provide the information needed to understand if the effects of the NAO on dust distribution is rather limited or Barbados is at the edge of the affected region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Ginoux, P (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM paul.ginoux@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 NR 40 TC 221 Z9 226 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00114-2 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800003 ER PT J AU Short, JW Lindeberg, MR Harris, PM Maselko, JM Pella, JJ Rice, SD AF Short, JW Lindeberg, MR Harris, PM Maselko, JM Pella, JJ Rice, SD TI Estimate of oil persisting on the beaches of Prince William Sound 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORELINE AB We estimated the amount of oil remaining in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 12 yr after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill to assess its importance as a long-term reservoir of toxic hydrocarbons. We found oil on 78 of 91 beaches randomly selected according to their oiling history. Surface oiling was recorded for randomly placed quadrats, which were then excavated and examined for subsurface oil. The cumulative area of beach contaminated by surface or subsurface oil was estimated at 11.3 ha. Surface oil varied little with tide height, but subsurface oil was more prevalent at the middle tide heights. The mass of remaining subsurface oil is conservatively estimated at 55 600 kg. Analysis of terpanes indicated that over 90% of the surface oil and all of the subsurface oil was from the Exxon Valdez and that Monterey Formation oil deposited after the 1964 Alaska earthquake accounted for the remaining surface oil. These results indicate that oil from the Exxon Valdez remains by far the largest reservoir of biologically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on beaches impacted by the spill and that biota dependent on these beaches risk continued exposure. C1 NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1021/es0348694 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800016 PM 14740712 ER PT J AU Kuster, WC Jobson, BT Karl, T Riemer, D Apel, E Goldan, PD Fehsenfeld, FC AF Kuster, WC Jobson, BT Karl, T Riemer, D Apel, E Goldan, PD Fehsenfeld, FC TI Intercomparison of volatile organic carbon measurement techniques and data at la porte during the TexAQS2000 Air Quality Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) investigated the photochemical production of ozone and the chemistry of related precursors and reaction products in the vicinity of Houston, TX. The colocation of four instruments for the measurement of volatile organic carbon compounds (VOCs) allowed a unique opportunity for the intercomparison of the different in-situ measuring techniques. The instruments included three gas chromatographs, each with a different type of detector, and a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) with each system designed to measure a different suite of VOCs. Correlation plots and correlation statistics are presented for species measured by more than one of these instruments. The GC instruments were all in agreement to within 10-20% (slope) with coefficients of variation (r(2)) of greater than or equal to0.85. The PTR-MS agreement with other instruments was more dependent on species with some very good agreements (r2 values of similar to0.95 for some aromatics), but isoprene, acetaldehyde and propene were substantially less highly correlated (0.55 < r(2) < 0.80). At least part of these differences were undoubtedly due to the timing of sample acquisition in an environment in which VOC levels changed very rapidly on both quantitative and temporal scales. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kuster, WC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, R-AL7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745 NR 12 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1021/es034710r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800043 PM 14740739 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Leppanen, M Robinson, SD Gossiaux, DC Burton, GA Greenberg, M Kukkonen, JVK Eadie, BJ Lansing, MB AF Landrum, PF Leppanen, M Robinson, SD Gossiaux, DC Burton, GA Greenberg, M Kukkonen, JVK Eadie, BJ Lansing, MB TI Effect of 3,4,3 ',4 '-tetrachlorobiphenyl on the reworking behavior of Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to contaminated sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioturbation; polychlorinated biphenyl; Lumbriculus variegatus; body residue effects; laboratory-field comparison ID STYLODRILUS-HERINGIANUS LUMBRICULIDAE; MARKER LAYER TECHNIQUE; SUBLETHAL RESPONSES; DEPOSIT FEEDERS; BODY RESIDUES; OLIGOCHAETE; BIOACCUMULATION; ENDRIN; LIPIDS; CS-137 AB The reworking response (bioturbation) of the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus was measured by following the burial rate and spread of a Cs-137 marker layer translating worm activity into a biological burial rate (W-b) and a biological diffusion rate constant (D-b) for surficial sediment mixing. Reworking was measured at 10 and 22degreesC in two sediments: a reference site sediment dosed with 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) and a field-collected sediment from a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site in Dicks Creek (DCC, Middletown, OH, USA). The body residue associated with response to TCBP also was determined. Reduction in the temperature from 22 to 10degreesC reduced both W-b and D-b by a factor of approximately two. The internal TCBP concentration to reduce the W-b by 50% was 96 nmol/g (95% Cl 45-225 nmol/g) and 124 nmol/g (40-547 nmol/g (28 and 36 mug/ g) wet weight at 22 and 10degreesC, respectively, and was independent of temperature. The W-b for the DCC sediment was lower than observed for the highest TCBP treatment. The internal body residue for total PCB for worms exposed to DCC sediment was 20-fold lower than TCBP in worms exposed to the lowest TCBP treatment on a molar basis. Comparing body residues of total PCB to TCBP assumes that the PCB congeners act additively on a molar basis. The DCC site contained a higher proportion of coarse material and a lower organic carbon concentration. The difference in sediment characteristics was assumed to be responsible for differences in the W-b. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1897/03-104 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200025 PM 14768883 ER PT J AU Landrum, PE Leppanen, M Robinson, SD Gossiaux, DC Burton, GA Greenberg, M Kukkonen, JVK Eadie, BJ Lansing, MB AF Landrum, PE Leppanen, M Robinson, SD Gossiaux, DC Burton, GA Greenberg, M Kukkonen, JVK Eadie, BJ Lansing, MB TI Comparing behavioral and chronic endpoints to evaluate the response of Lumbriculus variegatus to 3,4,3 ',4 '-tetrachlorobiphenyl sediment exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lumbriculus variegatus; polychlorinated biphenyl; feeding rate; stable isotopes; sediment assessment ID OLIGOCHAETE; MULLER; INVERTEBRATES; REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; PYRENE; WATER AB The response of Lumbriculus variegatus to 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) was examined with feeding behavior and changes in carbon assimilation by using stable carbon isotopes at 22 and 10degreesC. The classical measure of feeding behavior determined on a subset of sediment for which the biological burial rate was determined in a companion study allowed direct method comparison. This comparison helped address relationships between biological burial rate, feeding rate, and bioaccumulation. The change in stable isotope composition reflects the total metabolic activity by measuring carbon assimilation rate and was compared to feeding rate, biological burial rate (as determined in the companion study), and reproduction. Decreasing the temperature from 22 to 10degreesC resulted in a twofold reduction in feeding rate and carbon assimilation. The fractional decline in feeding rate relative to the control mimicked the decline in the biological burial rate with increasing TCBP concentration that was found in the companion study. The bioaccumulation factor declined with increasing TCBP sediment concentration, tracking the feeding rate decline. Stable isotope measures showed differences in metabolic rates between the exposure temperatures but did not distinguish a metabolic rate change at 22degreesC among TCBP treatments. Likewise, reproduction declined from 22 to 10degreesC, with no reproduction at 10degreesC. Like the stable isotope measure, no dose response was found among TCBP treatments at 22degreesC. The reduction in carbon assimilation rate tracked the reduction in reproduction with lower temperature. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Landrum, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1897/03-105 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200026 PM 14768884 ER PT B AU Kelley, JGW Tsidulko, M Ward, M AF Kelley, JGW Tsidulko, M Ward, M BE Spaulding, ML TI Evaluation of high-resolution atmospheric analyses and forecasts for the Narragansett Bay region SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA AB NOAA's Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) was implemented for the Narragansett Bay region to provide surface forcing for an oceanographic forecast model for the bay and adjacent coastal waters. The forecast model used by LAPS was the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5). The Narragansett Bay, with its complex shoreline and numerous islands, provided a difficult challenge for an atmospheric model in properly forecasting mesoscale phenomena such as sea and land breezes. MM5 forecasts (primarily its surface wind predictions) will be evaluated using observations from a variety of different federal, state, university, and cooperative networks. When considered together, these networks provide a dense coverage of observations essential for evaluating mesoscale forecasts in the coastal zone. C1 Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Joint Hydrograph Ctr,Natl Ocean Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kelley, JGW (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Joint Hydrograph Ctr,Natl Ocean Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600003 ER PT B AU Myers, EP Aikman, F Zhang, AJ AF Myers, EP Aikman, F Zhang, AJ BE Spaulding, ML TI A forecast circulation model of the St. Johns River, Florida SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA AB We present a nowcast/forecast hydrodynamic model of the St. John's River, Florida. The model is one of the tools being developed for the pilot project of the Coastal Storms Intiative (CSI), an interdisciplinary program NONA is implementing to enhance the tools and resources available to coastal communities during storm events. CSI provides a one-stop shopping approach for coastal managers to access information they need to make timely informed decisions. While CSI is developing new tools and collecting new data, it is also critical that it build upon existing resources. Such is the case with the circulation modeling of the river, as the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) had previously developed a well calibrated application of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) in the St. Johns River. To build upon this work, we ported their application to NOAA and integrated it into a real-time system for producing nowcasts and forecasts. Realtime data for winds, water levels, salinity and temperature are used to force the model nowcasts, and forecasts of wind and subtidal coastal water levels are used to drive the forecasts. The output is likewise made available in realtime on a website that will be accessible through the CSI home page. We are also developing an application of ELCIRC (Eutarian-Lagrangian Circulation model) in the St. Johns River to examine the potential for simulating storm inundation in flood-prone areas of the watershed. C1 NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myers, EP (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, SSMC-3,N-CS13,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 144 EP 156 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600010 ER PT B AU Schmalz, RA AF Schmalz, RA BE Spaulding, ML TI Towards an all weather nowcast/forecast system for Galveston Bay SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA ID MODEL AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has developed an experimental noweast/forecast system over Galveston Bay using a modified version of the Blumberg-Mellor (1987) three-dimensional hydrodynamic model as discussed by Schmalz (1998a,b,c; 2000a,b,c). In addition, a one-way coupled fine resolution Houston Ship Channel model (Schmalz, 1998a; 2061) has also been incorporated into the system. The nowcast component works directly from the PORTS universal flat file format (PUFFF) files, while during the forecast the NWS Aviation and Extratropical Storm Surge Models are used to provide the meteorological and Gulf of Mexico subtidal water level residual forcings, respectively. Nowcast and forecast results have been assessed (Schmalz and Richardson 2002) over the one-year period April 2000 through March 2001 based on the NOS (1999) formal acceptance statistical criteria. Event analysis was also performed for both water levels and principal component direction currents (Richardson and Schmalz, 2002a,b).For water levels, a majority of the formal acceptance targets were met and considerable skill was achieved in forecasting low water level events associated with winter cold frontal passages. Currents were more problematic especially at Morgans Point at the head of the Bay, where rainfall/runoff flows exhibit considerable impact on currents within the Port of Houston. To improve the current response and to move towards an all weather capability, the following processes have been considered: 1) rainfall/runoff inflows from four major basins within the City of Houston, 2) overland flooding, 3) tropical storm and hurricane wind and pressure fields, and 4) surface waves. Herein, the algorithms used to describe each of the above processes are first developed. Next, the design of the all weather nowcast/forecast system is presented. Initial test plans for Tropical Storm Allison in 2001 and for more extreme storms are then discussed. Finally, future enhancements of a generalized vertical coordinate and incorporation of wave/current interactions are outlined. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coast Survey Dev Lab,Marine Modeling & Anal Progr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schmalz, RA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coast Survey Dev Lab,Marine Modeling & Anal Progr, 1315 E W Highway,Rm 7824, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 157 EP 177 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600011 ER PT J AU Parrish, PE AF Parrish, PE TI The trouble with learning objects SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Object-oriented instructional design (OOID) offers the promise of universal access to online instructional materials, increased productivity among trainers and educators, and solutions for individualizing learning. However, it is unclear whether it can fulfill these promises to the degree many envision. As with every new instructional technology, it is easy to become overoptimistic about learning objects, but problems of education are always more complex than technology alone can solve. In this article, I take a critical look at the proposed benifits of learning objects described in the published literature, particularly scalability and adaptability. I also look at both the difficulties in defining the term learning object and the limitations of metaphors used to describe the concept, and concludes with propositions for learning object usage. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COMET Program, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Parrish, PE (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COMET Program, Boulder, CO USA. EM pparrish@comet.ucar.edu NR 55 TC 38 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC EDUC COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY PI BLOOMINGTON PA 1800 N STONELAKE DR, SUITE 2, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47404 USA SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1007/BF02504772 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 817GO UT WOS:000221166200004 ER PT J AU Batzill, M Chaka, AM Diebold, U AF Batzill, M Chaka, AM Diebold, U TI Surface oxygen chemistry of a gas-sensing material: SnO2(101) SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; MOLECULES; STATES; MODEL AB Experimental techniques and density-functional theory have been employed to identify the surface composition and structure of SnO2 (101). The stoichiometric Sn4+O22- surface is only stable at high oxygen chemical potential. For lower oxidizing potential of the gas phase a Sn2+O2- bulk termination is favored. These two surfaces convert into each other without reconstruction by occupying and vacating bridging oxygen sites. This variability of the surface composition is possible because of the dual valency of Sn and may be one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the performance of this material in gas-sensing devices. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Batzill, M (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM diebold@tulane.edu RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010; Batzill, Matthias/J-4297-2014 OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256; Batzill, Matthias/0000-0001-8984-8427 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 24 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10044-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770VA UT WOS:000188750400010 ER PT S AU Jang, MH Wong-Ng, W Shull, R Cook, LP Suh, D Ko, T AF Jang, MH Wong-Ng, W Shull, R Cook, LP Suh, D Ko, T BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Flux loss measurements of Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID AC LOSSES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FILAMENTS; WIRES; FIELD; STRIP AB Alternating current (AC) losses of two Bi-2223 ([Bi, Pb] : Sr : Ca : Cu : O 2:2:2:3) tapes [(Tape I, twist-pitch of 70 mm) and the other with a twist-pitch of 8mm. (Tape II)] were measured and compared. These samples, produced by the powder-in-(Ag)tube (PIT) method, are multi-filamentary. Susceptibility measurements were conducted while cooling in a magnetic field. Flux loss measurements were conducted as a function of ramping rate, frequency and field direction. The AC flux loss increases as the twist-pitch of the tapes decreased, in agreement with the Norris Equation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jang, MH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8522, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 83 EP 93 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000011 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Phase relations in the BaO-R2O3-CuOx systems SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BA-CU-O; SOLID-SOLUTION; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; AIR ATMOSPHERE; DIAGRAM; EQUILIBRIA; 950-DEGREES-C; REGION; CONSTRUCTION AB Flexible second-generation coated conductors are based on bafium-yttrium-copper-oxide and barium-lanthanide-copper-oxide materials. Processing of these conductors requires phase diagram data collected under controlled-atmosphere conditions. A special experimental procedure was used for preparing BaO starting material and for the handling and heat-treatment of samples. The phase diagrams of the carbonate-free BaO-R2O3-CuOx (where R=Nd, Sm, and Y) were constructed under atmospherically-controlled conditions. A discussion of the crystal chemistry and phase relationships of selected phases found in these systems is presented. A trend as a function of the size of R was observed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 163 EP 175 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000019 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Gnewuch, H Pannell, CN AF Lehman, JH Gnewuch, H Pannell, CN TI Sensitivity of a plate pyroelectric detector to ambient acoustic noise: The significance of the perfectly-clamped mounting condition SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise; anisotropy; domain engineering; ferroelectric; mounting conditions; piezoelectric; plate deformation; pyroelectric detector; strain AB The unwanted sensitivity of a plate pyroelectric detector to airborne acoustic noise is depends critically on the mounting conditions for the plate. We consider a plate in an isotropic acoustic pressure field oscillating at angular frequency omega(d). We analyze the situation in terms of a mechanically isotropic material, and show that for one type of boundary conditions, the so-called clamped-boundary conditions, the strain-induced time-varying surface charges caused by the pressure in various regions of the plate, completely cancel out. This suggests that significantly reduced noise sensitivity of a practical free-standing pyroelectric detector can be achieved by paying careful attention to the mounting conditions. We also derive the strains for the case of the trigonal 3m class within the framework developed for the thin-plate approximation, and show that the result is unchanged. This has implications for the design of pyroelectric detectors based on a stiff material such as LiTaO3. C1 NIST, Sources & Detectors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Appl Opt Grp, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NIST, Sources & Detectors Grp, 815-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 308 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1080/00150190490508864 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 863TM UT WOS:000224586000011 ER PT J AU Trepakov, V Savinov, M Prosandeev, S Syrnikov, P Pashkin, A Petzelt, J Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L AF Trepakov, V Savinov, M Prosandeev, S Syrnikov, P Pashkin, A Petzelt, J Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L TI Dielectric permittivity study of KTaO3 weakly doped by Li-6 isotope SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taylor & Francis, Aixacct, Radiant Technologies & Epichem Inorgtech HO Univ Cambridge DE dielectric spectroscopy; incipient ferroelectrics; Li(+)off-centres AB The temperature-frequency behaviour of the dielectric permittivity (9-300 K; 100 Hz-l MHz, and at 100 GHz) of K0.984Li0.016TaO3 containing the natural ratio of the Li isotopes (7.56% of Li-6 and 92.44% of Li-7, KLT-7) and only the Li-6 isotope (KLT-6) were studied. Both materials reveal the characteristic low temperature dielectric relaxation obeying the Arrhenius law and associated with pi/2 -reorientations of the Li+ (100) off-centres. However the activation energy for Li-6(+) relaxation appeared to be smaller and the relaxation time pre-exponent is larger than for Li-7(+) centres, which agrees well with theoretical analysis. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM savinov@fzu.cz RI Pashkin, Alexej/A-4705-2009; Petzelt, Jan/G-6142-2014; Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014 OI Petzelt, Jan/0000-0001-8562-2148; NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 302 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1080/00150190490453711 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 835GQ UT WOS:000222471100040 ER PT J AU Demirbilek, R Gubaev, AI Kutsenko, AB Kapphan, SE Raevski, IP Prosandeev, SA Burton, B Jastrabik, L Vikhnin, VS AF Demirbilek, R Gubaev, AI Kutsenko, AB Kapphan, SE Raevski, IP Prosandeev, SA Burton, B Jastrabik, L Vikhnin, VS TI Optical spectra, properties and first principles computations of Ba(Fe,Nb)O-3 and Pb(Fe,Nb)O-3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taylor & Francis, Aixacct, Radiant Technologies & Epichem Inorgtech HO Univ Cambridge DE high-k materials; perovskites; IR absorption; photocurrent ID CRYSTALS AB Optical absorption in the IR region has been recorded and first-principles computations have been done for some Fe contining perovskites. The IR absorption reveals a broad peak at about 11000 cm(-1). First principles computations established that BaFe1/2 Nb1/2O3 is not ferroelectric, but PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 does have a ferroelectric instability. These data confirm that the large dielectric permittivity found in BaFe1/2Nb1/2O3 is not due to a ferroelectric phase transition but rather because of extrinsic effects. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Rostov Don State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RP Demirbilek, R (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, Barbarastr 7, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM Riza.Demirbilek@uos.de RI Raevski, Igor/E-2020-2011; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014 OI Raevski, Igor/0000-0003-0132-9150; NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 302 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1080/00150190490455214 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 835GQ UT WOS:000222471100052 ER PT J AU Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Fortier, TM Hall, JL Ye, J AF Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Fortier, TM Hall, JL Ye, J TI Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of single and multiple femtosecond lasers SO FEW-CYCLE LASER PULSE GENERATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; SUBFEMTOSECOND TIMING JITTER; LIGHT-PULSES; MICROSTRUCTURE FIBER; NONLINEAR OPTICS; GENERATION; SCATTERING; OFFSET AB The basic concepts, technical implementation, and known limitations of actively stabilizing the carrier-envelope phase of a few-cycle pulse train are discussed. The route toward determining the "absolute" carrier-envelope phase, thereby enabling electronic waveform synthesis at optical frequencies, is reviewed. Lastly, techniques and applications of stabilizing the relative carrier-envelope phase between two (or more) femtosecond lasers are also covered. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djjones@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2004 VL 95 BP 317 EP 342 PG 26 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBN59 UT WOS:000226283700008 ER PT B AU Griffith, D Sriram, K Krivulina, L Golmie, N AF Griffith, D Sriram, K Krivulina, L Golmie, N GP ieee computer society TI Resource planning and bandwidth allocation in hybrid fiber-coax residential networks SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Broadband Networks CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Nortel Networks, CREATE-NET, ICST, PHILIPS, SIGMOBILE, NEC ID MAC PROTOCOL; HFC AB The introduction of new high bandwidth services such as video-on-demand by cable operators will put a strain on existing resources. It is important for cable operators to know how many resources to commit to the network to satisfy customer demands. In this paper we develop models of voice and video traffic to determine the effect on demand growth on hybrid fiber-coax networks. We obtain a set of guidelines that network operators can use to build out their networks in response to increased demand. We begin with one type of traffic and generalize to an arbitrary number of high-bandwidth CBR-like services to obtain service blocking probabilities. These computations help us to determine how cable networks would function under various conditions (i.e., low, medium, and heavy loads). We also consider how the growth rate of the popularity of such services would change over time, and how this impacts network planning. Our findings will help cable operators estimate how much bandwidth they need to provision for a given traffic growth model and connection blocking requirement. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griffith, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2221-1 PY 2004 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1109/BROADNETS.2004.73 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBF54 UT WOS:000225238300027 ER PT J AU Reddin, DG Friedland, KD Downton, P Dempson, JB Mullins, CC AF Reddin, DG Friedland, KD Downton, P Dempson, JB Mullins, CC TI Thermal habitat experienced by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts in coastal Newfoundland waters SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; data storage tag; diurnal movements; migration; thermal habitat ID PACIFIC SALMON; OCEAN CLIMATE; ONCORHYNCHUS; SEA; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; LIMITS AB Thermal habitat was recorded by data storage tags (DSTs) applied to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts during their seaward migration in the spring of 1998 at enumeration facilities in Highlands River, Humber River, Western Arm Brook, and Campbellton River, Newfoundland. In total, 139 DSTs were applied and data were downloaded from eleven of the recovered tags. The recovered tags had been applied at Highlands, Campbellton and Western Arm rivers and recovered in the coastal waters of Newfoundland and Quebec and at the enumeration facilities at Highlands and Campbellton rivers. Water temperatures experienced by the fish were recorded for periods of 62-118 days at resolutions of 15-30 min. The data from the sea record on the DSTs were analysed for temperature patterns in relation to migration behaviour and diurnal movement of the fish. A variety of patterns were exhibited on the temperature records suggesting that the fish were behaving in various ways at different times. For Campbellton and Highlands fish over the course of some 24 h periods, night-time temperatures changed little and were among the highest daily temperatures experienced by the fish, whereas daytime temperatures often showed dramatic and frequent shifts in temperature presumably as the fish rapidly and frequently changed depth. For the Western Arm Brook fish, rapid fluctuations in temperature occurred sometimes during the day and night without a consistent diurnal pattern. We also considered large-scale aspects of the data by examining oceanographic conditions in relation to the temperatures recorded by the tags. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, St Johns, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. Univ Massachusetts, UMass NOAA CMER Program, Blaisdell House, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Reddin, DG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, POB 5667, St Johns, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2004.00237.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 753YA UT WOS:000187274900003 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Balazs, GH Howell, EA Parker, DM Seki, MP Dutton, PH AF Polovina, JJ Balazs, GH Howell, EA Parker, DM Seki, MP Dutton, PH TI Forage and migration habitat of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles in the central North Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE loggerhead turtle; olive ridley turtle; pelagic habitat; turtle migration ID SEAWIFS AB Satellite telemetry from 26 loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and 10 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles captured and released from pelagic longline fishing gear provided information on the turtles' position and movement in the central North Pacific. These data together with environmental data from satellite remote sensing are used to describe the oceanic habitat used by these turtles. The results indicate that loggerheads travel westward, move seasonally north and south primarily through the region 28-40degreesN, and occupy sea surface temperatures (SST) of 15-25degreesC. Their dive depth distribution indicated that they spend 40% of their time at the surface and 90% of their time at depths <40 m. Loggerheads are found in association with fronts, eddies, and geostrophic currents. Specifically, the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) and the southern edge of the Kuroshio Extension Current (KEC) appear to be important forage and migration habitats for loggerheads. In contrast, olive ridleys were found primarily south of loggerhead habitat in the region 8-31degreesN latitude, occupying warmer water with SSTs of 23-28degreesC. They have a deeper dive pattern than loggerheads, spending only 20% of their time at the surface and 60% shallower than 40 m. However, the three olive ridleys identified from genetics to be of western Pacific origin spent some time associated with major ocean currents, specifically the southern edge of the KEC, the North Equatorial Current (NEC), and the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC). These habitats were not used by any olive ridleys of eastern Pacific origin suggesting that olive ridleys from different populations may occupy different oceanic habitats. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 17 TC 179 Z9 198 U1 6 U2 102 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00270.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 753YA UT WOS:000187274900004 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Teel, DJ Emmett, RL Casillas, E Miller, TW AF Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Teel, DJ Emmett, RL Casillas, E Miller, TW TI Juvenile salmonid distribution, growth, condition, origin, and environmental and species associations in the Northern California Current SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BODY-WEIGHT; OREGON; WASHINGTON; COASTAL; SURVIVAL AB Information is summarized on juvenile salmonid distribution, size, condition, growth, stock origin, and species and environmental associations from June and August 2000 GLOBEC cruises with particular emphasis on differences related to the regions north and south of Cape Blanco off Southern Oregon. Juvenile salmon were more abundant during the August cruise as compared to the June cruise and were mainly distributed northward from Cape Blanco. There were distinct differences in distribution patterns between salmon species: chinook salmon were found close inshore in cooler water all along the coast and coho salmon were rarely found south of Cape Blanco. Distance offshore and temperature were the dominant explanatory variables related to coho and chinook salmon distribution. The nekton assemblages differed significantly between cruises. The June cruise was dominated by juvenile rockfishes, rex sole, and sablefish, which were almost completely absent in August. The forage fish community during June comprised Pacific herring and whitebait smelt north of Cape Blanco and surf smelt south of Cape Blanco. The fish community in August was dominated by Pacific sardines and highly migratory pelagic species. Estimated growth rates of juvenile coho salmon were higher in the GLOBEC study area than in areas farther north. An unusually high percentage of coho salmon in the study area were precocious males. Significant differences in growth and condition of juvenile coho salmon indicated different oceanographic environments north and south of Cape Blanco. The condition index was higher in juvenile coho salmon to the north but no significant differences were found for yearling chinook salmon. Genetic mixed stock analysis indicated that during June, most of the chinook salmon in our sample originated from rivers along the central coast of Oregon. In August, chinook salmon sampled south of Cape Blanco were largely from southern Oregon and northern California; whereas most chinook salmon north of Cape Blanco were from the Central Valley in California. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 25 EP 46 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000003 ER PT J AU Orr, AJ Banks, AS Mellman, S Huber, HR DeLong, RL Brown, RF AF Orr, AJ Banks, AS Mellman, S Huber, HR DeLong, RL Brown, RF TI Examination of the foraging habits of Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) to describe their use of the Umpqua River, Oregon, and their predation on salmonids SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PINNIPED DIET COMPOSITION; FECAL SAMPLES; OTOLITHS; PREY; CONSUMPTION; DIGESTION; BEAKS; FECES AB The increase in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) abundance, concurrent with the decrease in salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) and other fish stocks, raises concerns about the potential negative impact of seals on fish populations. Although harbor seals are found in rivers and estuaries, their presence is not necessarily indicative of exclusive or predominant feeding in these systems. We examined the diet of harbor seals in the Umpqua River, Oregon, during 1997 and 1998 to indirectly assess whether or not they were feeding in the river. Fish otoliths and other skeletal structures were recovered from 651 scats and used to identify seal prey. The use of all diagnostic prey structures, rather than just otoliths, increased our estimates of the number of taxa, the minimum number of individuals and percent frequency of occurrence (%FO) of prey consumed. The %FO indicated that the most common prey were pleuronectids, Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), Pacific stag-horn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), osmerids, and shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata). The majority (76%) of prey were fish that inhabit marine waters exclusively and fish found in marine and estuarine areas (e.g. anadromous spp.) which would indicate that seals forage predominantly at sea and use the estuary for resting and opportunistic feeding. Salmonid remains were encountered in 39 samples (6%); two samples contained identifiable otoliths, which were determined to be from chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). Because of the complex salmonid composition in the Umpqua River, we used molecular genetic techniques on salmonid bones retrieved from scat to discern species that were rare from those that were abundant. Of the 37 scats with salmonid bones but no otoliths, bones were identified genetically as chinook or coho (O. kisutch) salmon, or steelhead trout (O. mykiss) in 90% of the samples. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Orr, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tony.orr@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 108 EP 117 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000008 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Shaw, FR AF Pearson, DE Shaw, FR TI Sources of age determination errors for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTION; VALIDATION; GROWTH AB This study was undertaken to resolve problems in age determination of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Aging of this species has been hampered by poor agreement (averaging less than 45%) among age readers and by differences in assigned ages of as much as 15 years. Otoliths from fish that had been injected with oxytetracycline (OTC) and that had been at liberty for known durations were used to determine why age determinations were so difficult and to help determine the correct aging procedure. All fish were sampled from Oregon southwards, which represents the southern part of their range. The otoliths were examined with the aid of image processing. Some fish showed little or no growth on the otolith after eight months at liberty, whereas otoliths from other fish grew substantially. Some fish lay down two prominent hyaline zones within a single year, one in the summer and one in the winter. We classified the otoliths by morphological type and found that certain types are more likely to lay down multiple hyaline zones and other types are likely to lay down little or no zones. This finding suggests that some improvement could be achieved by detailed knowledge of the growth characteristics of the different types. This study suggests that it may not be possible to obtain reliable ages from sablefish otoliths. At the very least, more studies will be required to understand the growth of sablefish otoliths. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98118 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Don.Pearson@Noaa.Gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000010 ER PT J AU Powell, AB Cheshire, RT Laban, EH Colvocoresses, J O'Donnell, P Davidian, M AF Powell, AB Cheshire, RT Laban, EH Colvocoresses, J O'Donnell, P Davidian, M TI Growth, mortality, and hatchdate distributions of larval and juvenile spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SNAPPER LUTJANUS-GRISEUS; EARLY LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MUD BANKS; SIZE; FISH; ABUNDANCE; SEATROUT; SURVIVAL AB Life history aspects of larval and, mainly, juvenile spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) were studied in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida. Collections were made in 1994-97, although the majority of juveniles were collected in 1995. The main objective was to obtain life history data to eventually develop a spatially explicit model and provide baseline data to understand how Everglades restoration plans (i.e. increased freshwater flows) could influence spotted seatrout vital rates. Growth of larvae and juveniles (<80 mm SL) was best described by the equation log, standard length = -1.31 + 1.2162 (log(e) age). Growth in length of juveniles (12-80 mm SL) was best described by the equation standard length = -7.50 + 0.8417 (age). Growth in wet weight of juveniles (15-69 mm SL) was best described by the equation log, wet-weight = -4.44 + 0.0748 (age). There were no significant differences in juvenile growth in length of spotted seatrout in 1995 between three geographical subdivisions of Florida Bay: central, western, and waters adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. We found a significant difference in wet-weight for one of six cohorts categorized by month of hatchdate in 1995, and a significant difference in length for another cohort. Juveniles (i.e. survivors) used to calculate weekly hatchdate distributions during 1995 had estimated spawning times that were cyclical and protracted, and there was no correlation between spawning and moon phase. Temperature influenced otolith increment widths during certain growth periods in 1995. There was no evidence of a relationship between otolith growth rate and temperature for the first 21 increments. For increments 22-60, otolith growth rates decreased with increasing age and the extent of the decrease depended strongly in a quadratic fashion on the temperature to which the fish was exposed. For temperatures at the lower and higher range, increment growth rates were highest. We suggest that this quadratic relationship might be influenced by an environmental factor other than temperature. There was insufficient information to obtain reliable inferences on the relationship of increment growth rate to salinity. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Powell, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM allyn.powell@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 142 EP 155 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000011 ER PT J AU Smith, KR Somerton, DA Yang, MS Nichol, DG AF Smith, KR Somerton, DA Yang, MS Nichol, DG TI Distribution and biology of prowfish (Zaprora silenus) in the northeast Pacific SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; FISHES AB The prowfish (Zaprora silenus) is an infrequent component of bottom trawl catches collected on stock assessment surveys. Based on presence or absence in over 40,000 trawl catches taken throughout Alaskan waters southward to southern California, prowfish are most frequently encountered in the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands at the edge of the continental shelf Based on data from two trawl surveys, relative abundance indicated by catch per swept area reaches a maximum between 100 m and 200 m depth and is much higher in the Aleutian Islands than in the Gulf of Alaska. Females weigh 3.7% more than males of the same length. Weight-length functions are W (g) = 0.0164 L-2.92 (males) and W = 0.0170 L2.92 (females). Length at age does not differ between sexes and is described by L = 89.3(1 - e-(0-181(t+0.554))), where L is total length in cm and t is age in years. Females reached 50% maturity at a length of 57.0 cm and an age of 5.1 years. Prowfish diet is almost entirely composed of gelatinous zooplankton, primarily scyphozoa and salps. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Smith, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Keith.Smith@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 168 EP 178 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000013 ER PT J AU Purcell, M Mackey, G LaHood, E Huber, H Park, L AF Purcell, M Mackey, G LaHood, E Huber, H Park, L TI Molecular methods for the genetic identification of salmonid prey from Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) scat SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Mol Genet Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Park, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Mol Genet Lab, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.park@noaa.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 16 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000017 ER PT S AU Miller, CC Zong, YQ Ohno, Y AF Miller, CC Zong, YQ Ohno, Y BE Ferguson, IT TI LED photometric calibrations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and future measurement needs of LEDs SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE average LED intensity; calibration standard; LED; luminous flux; total radiant flux; UV LED AB Various new light-emitting diodes (LEDs) including white LEDs are being actively developed for solid-state lighting and many other applications, and there are great needs for accurate measurement of various optical quantities of LEDs. Traditional lamp standards do not suffice for specific measurement needs for LEDs. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently established calibration services for photometric quantities (huminous intensity and luminous flux) of LEDs, but the measurement needs are expanding. This paper covers the current capabilities and services NIST provides for calibration of LEDs and discusses the future needs for optical metrology of LEDs. Work is just completed at NIST to provide official color calibrations of LEDs (chromaticity coordinates, peak wavelength, correlated color temperature, etc.). Another urgent need addressed is radiometric calibration of LEDs. particularly the total radiant flux (watt) of ultraviolet (UV) LEDs used to excite phosphors for white LEDs. Also, as spectroradiometers coupled with an integrating sphere are increasingly used total spectral radiant flux standards from NIST are in urgent demand. Presented is the scope of NIST plans to realize these new radiometric calibration capabilities for LEDs in the near future. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.566635 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300009 ER PT S AU Ohno, Y AF Ohno, Y BE Ferguson, IT TI Color rendering and luminous efficacy of white LED spectra SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE color rendering; colorimetry; CRI; lighting; luminous efficacy; solid state lighting; LED; white LED AB White LED spectra for general lighting should be designed for high luminous efficacy as well as good color rendering. Multi-chip and phosphor-type white LED models were analyzed by simulation on their color characteristics and luminous efficacy of radiation, compared with those of conventional light sources for general lighting. Color rendering characteristics were evaluated based on the CIE Color Rendering Index (CRI), using not only R-a but also the special color rendering indices R-i as well as the CIELAB color difference DeltaE*(ab) for the 14 color samples defined in CIE 13.3. Several models of 3-chip and 4-chip white LEDs as well as phosphor-type LEDs are optimized for various parameters, and some guidance is given for designing these white LEDs. The simulation analysis also demonstrated several problems with the current CIE Color Rendering Index (CRI), and the need for improvements is discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.565757 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300011 ER PT S AU Fryc, I Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Ohno, Y AF Fryc, I Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Ohno, Y BE Ferguson, IT TI A spectrally tunable solid-state source for radiometric, photometric and colorimetric applications SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE calibration; color; colorimeter; display; light emitting diode; light source; photometer; spectral power distribution; spectroradiometer AB A spectrally tunable light source using a large number of LEDs and an integrating sphere has been designed and being developed at NIST. The source is designed to have a capability of producing any spectral distributions mimicking various light sources in the visible region by feedback control of individual LEDs. The output spectral irradiance or radiance of the source will be calibrated by a reference instrument, and the source will be used as a spectroradiometric as well as photometric and colorimetric standard. The use of the tunable source mimicking spectra of display colors, for example, rather than a traditional incandescent standard lamp for calibration of colorimeters, can reduce the spectral mismatch errors of the colorimeter measuring displays significantly. A series of simulations have been conducted to predict the performance of the designed tunable source when used for calibration of colorimeters. The results indicate that the errors can be reduced by an order of magnitude compared with those when the colorimeters are calibrated against Illuminant A. Stray light errors of a spectroradiometer can also be effectively reduced by using the tunable source producing a blackbody spectrum at higher temperature (e.g., 9000 K). The source can also approximate various CIE daylight illuminants and common lamp spectral distributions for other photometric and colorimetric applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fryc, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.565053 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300018 ER PT J AU Batinic-Haberle, I Spasojevic, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Neta, P Okado-Matsumoto, A Fridovich, I AF Batinic-Haberle, I Spasojevic, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Neta, P Okado-Matsumoto, A Fridovich, I TI Improving bioavailibility of SOD mimics SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S19 EP S20 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900039 ER PT S AU Gorman, JJ Dagalakis, NG Boone, BG AF Gorman, JJ Dagalakis, NG Boone, BG BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Multi-loop control of a nanopositioning mechanism for ultra-precision beam steering SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE beam steering; nanopositioner; multi-loop control; beam jitter; optical communication ID SYSTEM; COMMUNICATION AB Beam steering accuracy is critical to the successful operation of optical communications systems, especially those which take place over extreme distances, such as for an interstellar spacecraft. In this paper, a novel beam steering mechanism and several control system approaches for ultra-precision beam steering are discussed. The beam steering mechanism is a nanopositioning device which utilizes a parallel cantilever configuration and a piezoelectric actuator to obtain extremely high positioning accuracy with minimal parasitic errors. A robust motion controller is presented for this mechanism which is designed to compensate for modeling uncertainty. This controller is intended for use with feedback from the nanopositioner's built-in capacitance probe. Due to the need to track the trajectory of the steered beam, two additional control approaches are presented which combine the robust motion controller with additional feedback for the actual beam displacement. These multi-loop control approaches provide a level of robustness to thermal effects and vibrations which could not be obtained from a single sensor and feedback loop. Simulation results are provided for each of the control designs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorman, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.506090 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100018 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Vaudin, M Suh, J Feenstra, R AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Vaudin, M Suh, J Feenstra, R BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Coated conductors: Phase relations in the Ba-Y-Cu-F-O-H system SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700007 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Phase relations in the Ba-R-Cu-O systems under atmospherically-controlled conditions SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID CARBONATE-FREE CONDITIONS; EQUILIBRIA; DIAGRAMS; KPA; PA C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700048 ER PT B AU Kim, YK AF Kim, YK BE Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK Vassiliou, P TI Total ionization cross sections of molecules by electron impact SO GASEOUS DIELECTRICS X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics CY MAR 29-APR 02, 2004 CL Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE SP Acad Athens, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Public Power Corporat Greece, ABB Switzerland Ltd, Siemens PTD, High Voltage Div, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tokyo Elect Power Co, Kansai Elect Power Co, Chubu Elect Power Co, TMT& D Corporat, Japan AE Power Syst Corporat, IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc HO Natl Tech Univ Athens ID 2-PARTICLE COLLISIONS; LABORATORY SYSTEM; MODEL AB The theoretical basis for the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model is outlined, and the model is compared to available experiments and other theories for samples of stable molecules, radicals. and positive ions. Possible directions for improving the BEB model are also presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, YK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23298-2 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BBL71 UT WOS:000226029200001 ER PT B AU Ekin, JW AF Ekin, JW BE Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK Vassiliou, P TI Superconductors - An emerging power technology SO GASEOUS DIELECTRICS X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics CY MAR 29-APR 02, 2004 CL Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE SP Acad Athens, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Public Power Corporat Greece, ABB Switzerland Ltd, Siemens PTD, High Voltage Div, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tokyo Elect Power Co, Kansai Elect Power Co, Chubu Elect Power Co, TMT& D Corporat, Japan AE Power Syst Corporat, IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc HO Natl Tech Univ Athens ID BICRYSTALS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23298-2 PY 2004 BP 423 EP 432 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BBL71 UT WOS:000226029200055 ER PT J AU De Felice, B Santillo, M Seru, R Damiano, S Matrone, G Wilson, RR Mondola, P AF De Felice, B Santillo, M Seru, R Damiano, S Matrone, G Wilson, RR Mondola, P TI Modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene expression by CuZn superoxide dismutase in human fibroblasts and HepG2 cells SO GENE EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; CuZn superoxide dismutase; familial hypercholesterolemia; 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; human fibroblasts; HepG2 cells ID COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAT-LIVER; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; RECEPTOR; ENDOCYTOSIS; HEPATOCYTES; CATALASE AB The homeostasis of intracellular cholesterol in animal cells is highly regulated by a complex system in which the microsomal rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase plays a key role in cholesterol synthesis. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that the cytosolic antioxidant enzyme CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) inhibits the HMG-CoA reductase activity in rat hepatocytes and in human fibroblasts by decreasing cholesterol synthesis. Although these data suggest that SOD1 exerts a physiological role in cholesterol metabolism, it is still unclear whether the decrease of HMG-CoA reductase activity is mediated by transcriptional or by posttranscriptional events. The results of the present study, obtained by one-step RT-PCR assay, demonstrated that both SOD1 and the metal-free form of enzyme (Apo SOD1) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase gene expression in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, in normal human fibroblasts, and in fibroblasts of subjects affected by familiar hypercholesterolemia. Accordingly, SOD1 could be used as a potential agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, even in subjects lacking a functional LDL receptor pathway. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci, Unit Physiol, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mondola, P (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci, Unit Physiol, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. EM mondola@unina.it NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP PI ELMSFORD PA 3 HARTSDALE ROAD, ELMSFORD, NY 10523-3701 USA SN 1052-2166 J9 GENE EXPRESSION JI Gene Expr. PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.3727/000000004783992198 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 858MC UT WOS:000224194900003 PM 15473258 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZY Smith, M Koren, V Reed, S Moreda, F Kuzmin, V Anderson, R AF Zhang, Ziya Smith, Michael Koren, Victor Reed, Seann Moreda, Fekadu Kuzmin, Vadim Anderson, Richard BE Chen, YB Takara, K Cluckie, ID DeSmedt, FH TI A study of the relationship between rainfall variability and the improvement of using a distributed model SO GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of GIS Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment CY SEP 16-19, 2003 CL Sandouping, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Sun Yat-sen Univ, Wuhan Univ, Free Univ Brussels, IAHS DE Arkansas-Red River basin; basin response; distributed modelling; lumped modelling; rainfall locational index; SAC-SMA model ID NEXRAD AB NEXRAD precipitation estimates have high spatial and temporal resolution. Hydrological researchers have an opportunity to study how these gridded precipitation data can be effectively used in an operational environment to enhance river-forecasting capabilities. A method is suggested that will allow an analysis of observed precipitation forcing and streamflow data for a basin to determine the potential usefulness of applying a distributed model in that basin without actually having to set up and run a distributed model. The method analyses the relationship between a precipitation location index (computed using relationships between basin centroid and rainfall mass centre) and basin response time (difference between rainfall and hydrograph mass centre). The Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model (SAC-SMA) is used to generate runoff in all simulations. Limited comparisons of flow simulation results from lumped and distributed models suggest the method is valid. Three test basins are selected within the Arkansas-Red River basin in the US. The results show that one basin contains complexities that may warrant the use of a distributed modelling approach for improved basin outlet simulations. C1 NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway,SSMC 2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-72-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2004 VL 289 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BGN40 UT WOS:000248596900022 ER PT J AU Hilla, S AF Hilla, S TI Plotting pseudorange multipath with respect to satellite azimuth and elevation SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In a 2002 issue of GPS Solutions (vol. 6, no. 3) a new plotting program called CF2PS was described. This program gives users increased flexibility when viewing or printing any of the eight "Compact Format" plot files output by TEQC: a multi-purpose software toolkit used for Translating, Editing, and Quality Checking GPS and GLONASS data. While the time-series plots generated by CF2PS are fine for most TEQC data types, for analyzing pseudorange multipath it is often preferable to plot the data with respect to satellite azimuth and elevation angle. This can help identify the location of reflective objects at a site, and can show how high above the horizon the multipath continues or if certain azimuths are affected more than others. Such plots can also show, on an epoch-by-epoch basis, how the L1 pseudoranges might be affected differently from the L2 pseudoranges, or how P-code pseudoranges might be affected differently from C/A-code pseudoranges. This article describes a new C/C++ program that plots pseudorange multipath at each epoch with respect to the corresponding satellite tracks. The resulting plot is similar in appearance to a polar plot or satellite visibility diagram used to show the geometry of the satellites over a certain location. The program has proven to be a useful tool for analyzing continuously operating reference sites, as well as for assisting in the everyday post-processing of static GPS baselines. The program works together with the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software and the Ghostscript software to generate PostScript files, which can then be viewed, printed, or converted to other graphic formats for publishing. The source code for the program and an example data set are available on the GPS Toolbox website at http://www.ngs.noaa. gov/gps-toolbox. C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Geosci Res Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hilla, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Geosci Res Div, N-NGS6,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Steve.Hilla@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0086-6 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 907YE UT WOS:000227753400006 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, T TI GPS/GNSS current bibliography SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Bibliography C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, N-NGS22,1315 E W Highway,Sta 8825, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom@linus.ngs.noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0084-8 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 907YE UT WOS:000227753400007 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, T TI GPS/GNSS current bibliography SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Bibliography C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, NGS 22,1315 East West Highway,Sta 8225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PY 2004 VL 8 IS 2 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0097-3 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 907YF UT WOS:000227753500007 ER PT J AU Ray, J Dong, D Altamimi, Z AF Ray, J Dong, D Altamimi, Z TI IGS reference frames: status and future improvements SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; SEMIDIURNAL VARIATIONS; GPS DATA; ART.; DEFORMATION; SATELLITES; GEOCENTER; ITRF2000; MOTION; SYSTEM AB The hierarchy of reference frames used in the International GPS Service (IGS) and the procedures and rationale for realizing them are reviewed. The Conventions of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) lag developments in the IGS in a number of important respects. Recommendations are offered for changes in the IERS Conventions to recognize geocenter motion (as already implemented by the IGS) and to enforce greater model consistency in order to achieve higher precision for combined reference frame products. Despite large improvements in the internal consistency of IGS product sets, defects remain which should be addressed in future developments. If the IGS is to remain a leader in this area, then a comprehensive, long-range strategy should be formulated and pursued to maintain and enhance the IGS reference frame, as well as to improve its delivery to users. Actions should include the official designation of a high-performance reference tracking network whose stations are expected to meet the highest standards possible. C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Geog Natl, Paris, France. RP Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PY 2004 VL 8 IS 4 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0110-x PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 908YX UT WOS:000227827200008 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Bradley, RS AF Diaz, HF Bradley, RS BE Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI The Hadley circulation: Present, past, and future - An introduction SO Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Hadley Circulation - Present, Past and Future CY NOV 12-15, 2002 CL Honolulu, HI C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2943-8 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2004 VL 21 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBY34 UT WOS:000228320400001 ER PT B AU Quan, XW Diaz, HF Hoerling, MP AF Quan, XW Diaz, HF Hoerling, MP BE Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI Change in the tropical Hadley cell since 1950 SO Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Hadley Circulation - Present, Past and Future CY NOV 12-15, 2002 CL Honolulu, HI ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCULATION AB The change in the tropical Hadley cell since 1950 is examined within the context of the long-term warming in global surface temperatures. The study involves analyses of observations, including various metrics of the Hadley cell, and ensemble 50-year simulations by an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with the observed evolution of global sea surface temperature since 1950. Consistent evidence is found for an intensification of the Northern Hemisphere winter Hadley cell since 1950. This is shown to be an atmospheric response to the observed tropical ocean warming trend, together with an intensification in El Nino's interannual fluctuations, including larger amplitude and increased frequency after 1976. The intensification of the winter Hadley cell is shown to be associated with an intensified hydrological cycle consisting of increased equatorial oceanic rainfall, and a general drying of tropical/subtropical landmasses. This Hadley cell change is consistent with previously documented dynamic changes in the extratropics, including a strengthening of westerly atmospheric flow and an intensification of mid-latitude cyclones. C1 NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2943-8 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2004 VL 21 BP 85 EP 120 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-2944-8_3 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBY34 UT WOS:000228320400004 ER PT B AU Wang, CZ AF Wang, CZ BE Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI ENSO, Atlantic climate variability, and the Walker and Hadley circulations SO Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Hadley Circulation - Present, Past and Future CY NOV 12-15, 2002 CL Honolulu, HI ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EAST-WEST CIRCULATIONS; HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN AB This chapter describes and discusses the Walker and Hadley circulations associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic "Nino", the tropical Atlantic meridional gradient variability, the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the warm phase of ENSO, the Pacific Walker circulation, the western Pacific Hadley circulation, and the Atlantic Hadley circulation are observed to be weakened, whereas the eastern Pacific Hadley circulation is strengthened. During the peak phase of the Atlantic Nino, the Atlantic Walker circulation weakens and extends eastward and the Atlantic Hadley circulation strengthens. The tropical Atlantic meridional gradient variability corresponds to a meridional circulation in which the air rises over the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly region, flows toward the cold SST anomaly region aloft, sinks in the cold SST anomaly region, then crosses the equator toward the warm SST region in the lower troposphere. During periods when the NAO index is high, the atmospheric Ferrel and Hadley circulations are strengthened, consistent with surface westerly and easterly wind anomalies in the North Atlantic and in the middle to tropical Atlantic, respectively. The chapter also discusses a tropospheric bridge by the Walker/Hadley circulation that links the Pacific El Nino with warming of the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) and the WHWP. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2943-8 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2004 VL 21 BP 173 EP 202 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBY34 UT WOS:000228320400007 ER PT S AU Nguyen, NV Maslar, JE Kim, JY Han, JP Park, JW Chandler-Horowitz, D Vogel, EM AF Nguyen, NV Maslar, JE Kim, JY Han, JP Park, JW Chandler-Horowitz, D Vogel, EM BE Caymax, M Rim, K Zaima, S Kasper, E Fichtner, PFP TI Characterization of structural quality of bonded Silicon-On-Insulator wafers by spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy SO HIGH-MOBILITY GROUP-IV MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Mobility Group-IV Materials and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SMART-CUT; SCATTERING; FILMS; TECHNOLOGY; SI AB The crystalline quality of bonded Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafers were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy. Both techniques detect slight structural defects in the SOI layer. If a pure crystalline silicon dielectric function is assumed for the SOI layer, the spectroscopic ellipsometry data fitting yields an unacceptably large discrepancy between the experimental and modeled data. The best fits for all the samples result in a dielectric function of the SOI layer that consists of a physical mixture of crystalline silicon and about 4 % to 7 % of amorphous silicon. Using such a mixture indicates that there are still some defects in the SOI layer when compared with the high-quality bulk crystalline silicon. This observation is further supported by Raman spectroscopy measurements. The Raman spectra of all SOI samples exhibit a feature at about 495 cm(-1) that is not observed in the crystalline silicon spectrum. Features similar to the 495 cm(-1) feature have been reported in the literature and attributed to dislocations or faults in the silicon lattice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, NV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-759-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 809 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA58 UT WOS:000224419200018 ER PT J AU Payne, V O'Neal, DL AF Payne, V O'Neal, DL TI A mass flow rate correlation for refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures flowing through short tubes SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A correlation was developed to predict the mass flow rate of R-12, R-134a, R-502, R-22, R-407C, and R-410A through short tubes. Short tube lengths ranged from 9.5 mm to 25.4 mm, and sharp edged diameters ranged from 1.09 mm to 1.94 mm. The correlation covered both single-phase and two-phase entrance conditions under approximately choked flow. The correlation consists of nondimensional parameters that are a function of upstream conditions, downstream conditions, short tube geometry, and critical point pressure/temperature. The correlated data were drawn from previous work and work performed during this investigation. The general form of the correlation was a function for single-phase flow multiplied by a function incorporating parameters for two-phase flow. Over 1200 data points were used to produce the correlation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Payne, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI O'Neal, Dennis/0000-0001-9969-6658 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1080/10789669.2004.10391092 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 758CA UT WOS:000187613900007 ER PT S AU Paul, RL AF Paul, RL BE Nickel, NH McCluskey, MD Zhang, S TI Determination of hydrogen in semiconductors and related materials by cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB An instrument for prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research has proven useful for the measurement of hydrogen and other elements in a variety of materials. The sample is irradiated by a beam of low energy neutrons. Gamma-rays emitted by atomic nuclei upon neutron capture are measured and elemental concentrations determined by comparison with appropriate standards. The detection limit for hydrogen is < 5 mg/kg in most materials, and 2 mg/kg for hydrogen measured in silicon. The instrument has been used to measure hydrogen mass fractions of < 100 mg/kg in high purity germanium, and < 10 mg/kg in quartz. More recently PGAA has been used to measure hydrogen in 1 mum thick porous thin films on a silicon substrate, and in crystals of silicon carbide and cerium aluminate. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-763-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 813 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBB18 UT WOS:000224478900022 ER PT B AU Allen, RA Patel, R Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Park, B Edelstein, MD Linholm, LW AF Allen, RA Patel, R Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Park, B Edelstein, MD Linholm, LW GP ieee TI Recent developments in producing test-structures for use as critical dimension reference materials SO ICMTS 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Awaji, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID ELECTRICAL LINEWIDTH AB NIST is developing Single-Crystal Critical-Dimension Reference Materials (SCCDRM) which address the need of the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industries for a well-characterized artifact to serve as the basis for comparing the performance of different classes of critical dimension (CD) measurement instruments. Recent work has focused on providing an integrated process that can be transferred to a production environment. In this paper we discuss recent work to address issues identified as key to successful completion of the project. The first issue is the requirement to provide reference materials with CDs at or near the minimum found on state-of-the-art chips. To meet this requirement using conventional processing, the CD reference materials would need to be produced using process technologies not yet available. Therefore, a process is used that will allow [GRAPHICS] the reduction of the CDs of silicon features on selected chips by adding a sequence of three wet etches to reduce the overall width of the replicated features while enabling them to retain their essential cross-section rectangularity and sidewall flatness. In this paper we describe this modification and present initial results. The remaining issues center around the test structure design for the imaging metrology tools, in particular, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which is the most time-consuming and expensive of the measurement processes. A new test structure was developed which incorporates a set of different-width features placed in a way that allows optimal evaluation of the features by several imaging techniques. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8262-5 PY 2004 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2004.1309297 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BAG52 UT WOS:000222087700007 ER PT J AU Stanford, V AF Stanford, V TI Biosignals offer potential for direct interfaces and health monitoring SO IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY C1 NIST, Smart Space Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stanford, V (reprint author), NIST, Smart Space Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince-stanford@users.sourceforge.net NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1268 J9 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT JI IEEE Pervasive Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1109/MPRV.2004.1269140 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 776PK UT WOS:000189124900014 ER PT J AU McMichael, RD Krivosik, P AF McMichael, RD Krivosik, P TI Classical model of extrinsic ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in ultrathin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE ferromagnetic resonance; linewidth; magnetization dynamics ID THERMAL MAGNETIZATION NOISE; SPIN-WAVE RELAXATION; THIN-FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE FERRITES; GMR HEADS; METALS; LINES; CU; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB This paper describes a classical version of the two-magnon model of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in inhomogeneous magnetic thin films. The ferromagnetic resonance line broadening due to inhomogeneity is described in terms of film properties and the statistical properties of the inhomogeneity. Analytical results for the case of ultrathin films in the limit of zero damping are compared with numerical results computed with finite damping. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rmcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 52 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821564 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 771VH UT WOS:000188806400001 ER PT J AU Martzloff, FD Phipps, K AF Martzloff, FD Phipps, K TI Lingering lead length legacies in surge-protective devices applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic coupling; length measurement; surge protection; testing; voltage measurements AB Two experiments are reported to show how some lingering inherited misconceptions about the applications of surge-protective devices (SPDs) can lead to erroneous or cost-ineffective attempts to address the issue of lead length. The first experiment demonstrates the fallacy of the "four-terminal SPD" configuration if taken at face value without additional precautions on lead dress. The second experiment provides quantitative information on the actual effect of lead length. With this information, designers and installers can place the issue in a realistic perspective and avoid unnecessary effort. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EPRI PEAC Corp, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Martzloff, FD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM f.martzloff@ieee.org NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820212 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 761EA UT WOS:000187886300023 ER PT B AU Pichel, WG Li, XF Friedman, KS Clemente-Colon, P Monaldo, F Beal, R AF Pichel, WG Li, XF Friedman, KS Clemente-Colon, P Monaldo, F Beal, R GP ieee TI SAR-derived winds in coastal Alaska waters SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE SAR; winds; RADARSAT-1; gap flows; lee waves barrier jets; williwaves ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OCEAN; MODEL AB High-resolution winds derived from RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been produced for the waters around Alaska since 1999. Wind speed images show useful details of many meteorological phenomena of interest in weather analysis and forecasting. These include wakes, gap flows, lee waves, atmospheric fronts, cyclones, and barrier jets. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Pichel, WG (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900039 ER PT B AU Flynn, LE Hornstein, J Hilsenrath, E AF Flynn, LE Hornstein, J Hilsenrath, E GP ieee TI The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) - The next generation of US ozone monitoring instruments SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE ozone monitoring; limb scattering ID LIMB SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; O-3 PROFILES AB A new set of ozone instruments, the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), will fly on the next generation of US operational polar-orbiting satellites, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). OMPS data products will continue and improve on the current operational atmospheric ozone products. New algorithms have been developed to make use of the greater spectral coverage and better height resolution information present in the measurements from the suite. The total ozone column and vertical ozone profile estimates from OMPS will be used in operational applications and long-term atmospheric ozone assessment studies. C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Flynn, LE (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900040 ER EF