FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kollias, P Albrecht, BA Marks, FD AF Kollias, P Albrecht, BA Marks, FD TI Cloud radar observations of vertical drafts and microphysics in convective rain SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR MOTION; LARGE RAINDROPS; WIND PROFILERS; DOPPLER RADAR; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; BREAKUP AB [1] Observations of convective precipitation using a 94-GHz cloud radar are presented. Due to Mie scattering, the Doppler power spectra collected at vertical incidence contains characteristics of the scatterers (hydrometeors). These characteristics are used for the retrieval of the vertical air motion and the associated raindrop size distribution in an attempt to accurately map the time-height structure of the vertical air motion and raindrop fields within intense convective precipitation. The data provide strong evidence of the interaction between draft intensity and raindrop size distribution and highlight the variability of convective precipitation at small scales. Horizontal sorting of the raindrops caused by the air motion is documented. Signal attenuation measured at 94 GHz is shown to be well correlated to rainfall rates. The observations demonstrate the capability of 94-GHz cloud radars for studies of precipitation processes at low altitudes even under intense convective conditions. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kollias, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pkollias@rsmas.miami.edu RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 24 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 4053 DI 10.1029/2001JD002033 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660GA UT WOS:000181824400002 ER PT J AU Smith, AP Sehgal, A Douglas, JF Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Smith, AP Sehgal, A Douglas, JF Karim, A Amis, EJ TI Combinatorial mapping of surface energy effects on diblock copolymer thin film ordering SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; combinatorial mapping; surface energy; thin films ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; WETTING BEHAVIOR; X-RAYS; POLYSTYRENE; MIXTURES; BRUSHES; GROWTH AB Combinatorial gradient techniques are used to map the morphology dependence of thin symmetric diblock copolymer films on film thickness and substrate surface energy. An inversion from symmetric to anti-symmetric lameller morphology occurs with a progressive change in surface energy. An intermediate neutral region is found between these limiting types of ordering. The width omega of this transition energy range scales as a power of copolymer mass M, omega proportional to M-1.9. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 24 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1002/marc.200390001 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 647VG UT WOS:000181114300016 ER PT J AU Ben-Kish, A DeMarco, B Meyer, V Rowe, M Britton, J Itano, WM Jelenkovic, BM Langer, C Leibfried, D Rosenband, T Wineland, DJ AF Ben-Kish, A DeMarco, B Meyer, V Rowe, M Britton, J Itano, WM Jelenkovic, BM Langer, C Leibfried, D Rosenband, T Wineland, DJ TI Experimental demonstration of a technique to generate arbitrary quantum superposition states of a harmonically bound spin-1/2 particle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOM; FIELD; OSCILLATOR; IONS AB Using a single, harmonically trapped Be-9(+) ion, we experimentally demonstrate a technique for generation of arbitrary states of a two-level particle confined by a harmonic potential. Rather than engineering a single Hamiltonian that evolves the system to a desired final state, we implement a technique that applies a sequence of simple operations to synthesize the state. C1 Inst Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. NIST Boulder, Div Time & Frequency, Ion Storage Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ben-Kish, A (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 3 AR 037902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.037902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 638PJ UT WOS:000180579200054 PM 12570526 ER PT J AU Gupta, AK Anderson, DM Overpeck, JT AF Gupta, AK Anderson, DM Overpeck, JT TI Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY; ARABIAN-SEA; SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; RECORD; OMAN; FORAMINIFERA; GREENLAND; SURFACE AB During the last ice age, the Indian Ocean southwest monsoon exhibited abrupt changes that were closely correlated with millennial-scale climate events in the North Atlantic region(1-3), suggesting a mechanistic link. In the Holocene epoch, which had a more stable climate, the amplitude of abrupt changes in North Atlantic climate was much smaller, and it has been unclear whether these changes are related to monsoon variability. Here we present a continuous record of centennial-scale monsoon variability throughout the Holocene from rapidly accumulating and minimally bioturbated sediments in the anoxic Arabian Sea. Our monsoon proxy record reveals several intervals of weak summer monsoon that coincide with cold periods documented in the North Atlantic region(4)-including the most recent climate changes from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age and then to the present. We therefore suggest that the link between North Atlantic climate and the Asian monsoon is a persistent aspect of global climate. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gupta, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 30 TC 490 Z9 552 U1 5 U2 90 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 23 PY 2003 VL 421 IS 6921 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1038/nature01340 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 637UW UT WOS:000180533000037 PM 12540924 ER PT J AU Work, TM Balazs, GH Wolcott, M Morris, R AF Work, TM Balazs, GH Wolcott, M Morris, R TI Bacteraemia in free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; bacteraemia; Chelonia mydas; green turtle; haematology; Vibrio ID MARINE TURTLES; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ALGINOLYTICUS; INFECTION; DISEASES; ISLANDS; TISSUES; BLOOD AB Past studies of free-ranging green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in Hawaii have shown that animals become immunosuppressed with increasing severity of this disease. Additionally, preliminary clinical examination of moribund turtles with FP revealed that some animals were also bacteraemic. We tested the hypothesis that bacteraemia in sea turtles is associated with the severity of FP. We captured free-ranging green turtles from areas in Hawaii where FP is absent, and areas where FP has been endemic since the late 1950s. Each turtle was given an FP severity score ranging from 0 (no tumours) to 3 (severely affected). A fifth category included turtles that were stranded ashore and moribund with FP. We found that the percentage of turtles with bacteraemia increased with the severity of FP, and that the majority of bacteria cultured were Vibrio spp. Turtles with severe FP were more susceptible to bactaeremia, probably in, part due to immunosuppression. The pattern of bacteraemia in relation to severity of disease strengthens the hypothesis that immunosuppression is a sequel to FP. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Makai Anim Clin, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.3354/dao053041 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 658FT UT WOS:000181711500006 PM 12608567 ER PT J AU Soraas, F Oksavik, K Aarsnes, K Evans, DS Greer, MS AF Soraas, F Oksavik, K Aarsnes, K Evans, DS Greer, MS TI Storm time equatorial belt - an "image'' of RC behavior SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] During geomagnetic storms a well defined belt of trapped protons and ENAs ( energetic neutral atoms) is observed around geomagnetic equator at low L-values. Their source is RC ( ring current) protons existing at larger L-values. Through charge exchange with the geocorona RC protons become ENAs and if subjected to a new charge exchange become trapped protons. From low latitude particle observations at four different local times we follow; the RC injection region, the drift of RC-particles through the evening/afternoon into the morning sector, the RC-asymmetry and convection loss to the dayside during the storm initial and main phase, and its development into a symmetric RC in the recovery phase of the storm. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Soraas, F (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Allegaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 AR 1052 DI 10.1029/2002GL015636 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 660EM UT WOS:000181820900004 ER PT J AU Langdon, C Broecker, WS Hammond, DE Glenn, E Fitzsimmons, K Nelson, SG Peng, TH Hajdas, I Bonani, G AF Langdon, C Broecker, WS Hammond, DE Glenn, E Fitzsimmons, K Nelson, SG Peng, TH Hajdas, I Bonani, G TI Effect of elevated CO2 on the community metabolism of an experimental coral reef SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; photosynthesis; gross production; light respiration; calcification; elevated CO2; community metabolism ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; ALGA SELENASTRUM-MINUTUM; INORGANIC CARBON; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; CALCIFICATION RATE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT AB [1] The effect of elevated pCO(2) on the metabolism of a coral reef community dominated by macroalgae has been investigated utilizing the large 2650 m 3 coral reef mesocosm at the Biosphere-2 facility near Tucson, Arizona. The carbonate chemistry of the water was manipulated to simulate present-day and a doubled CO2 future condition. Each experiment consisted of a 1-2 month preconditioning period followed by a 7-9 day observational period. The pCO(2) was 404 +/- 63 muatm during the present-day pCO(2) experiment and 658 +/- 59 matm during the elevated pCO(2) experiment. Nutrient levels were low and typical of natural reefs waters (NO3- 0.5-0.9 muM, NH4+ 0.4 muM, PO43- 0.07-0.09 muM). The temperature and salinity of the water were held constant at 26.5 +/- 0.2degreesC and 34.4 +/- 0.2 ppt. Photosynthetically available irradiance was 10 +/- 2 during the present-day experiment and 7.4 +/- 0.5 mol photons m(-2) d(-1) during the elevated pCO(2) experiment. The primary producer biomass in the mesocosm was dominated by four species of macroalgae; Haptilon cubense, Amphiroa fragillisima, Gelidiopsis intricata and Chondria dasyphylla. Algal biomass was 10.4 mol C m(-2) during the present-day and 8.7 mol C m(-2) and during the elevated pCO(2) experiments. As previously observed, the increase in pCO(2) resulted in a decrease in calcification from 0.041 +/- 0.007 to 0.006 +/- 0.003 mol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1). Net community production (NCP) and dark respiration did not change in response to elevated pCO(2). Light respiration measured by a new radiocarbon isotope dilution method exceeded dark respiration by a factor of 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.4 on a daily basis and by 2.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.9 +/- 0.8 on an hourly basis. The 1.8-fold increase with increasing pCO(2) indicates that the enhanced respiration in the light was not due to photorespiration. Gross production (GPP) computed as the sum of NCP plus daily respiration (light + dark) increased significantly (0.24 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.04 mol C m(-2) d(-1)). However, the conventional calculation of GPP based on the assumption that respiration in the light proceeds at the same rate as the dark underestimated the true rate of GPP by 41-100% and completely missed the increased rate of carbon cycling due to elevated pCO(2). We conclude that under natural, undisturbed, nutrient-limited conditions elevated CO2 depresses calcification, stimulates the rate of turnover of organic carbon, particularly in the light, but has no effect on net organic production. The hypothesis that an increase pCO(2) would produce an increase in net production that would counterbalance the effect of decreasing saturation state on calcification is not supported by these data. C1 Columbia Univ, Biosphere Ctr 2, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. ETH Honggerberg, IPP, AMS Lab 14C, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Langdon, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Biosphere Ctr 2, 32540 S Biosphere Rd,POB 689, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. RI Hammond, Douglas/A-8040-2013 NR 48 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 AR 1011 DI 10.1029/2002GB001941 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660FH UT WOS:000181822800003 ER PT J AU Harvey, AH Mountain, RD AF Harvey, AH Mountain, RD TI Molecular dynamics calculation of the diffusivity of sodium chloride in steam SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; POLARIZABLE WATER; 683 K; LIQUID; POTENTIALS; ALGORITHM; CHARGE; MODEL; NACL AB Molecular dynamics simulation is used to calculate the diffusivity of sodium chloride at infinite dilution in high-temperature steam at seven state points representing conditions of interest for the study of impurity deposition in steam turbines. Water is modeled with an existing four-site, polarizable potential, and the ions are modeled as charged, polarizable Lennard-Jones spheres. At the conditions studied, the sodium and chloride ions diffuse together; the simulations determine the diffusivity of this ion pair to within approximately 20%. The results can be fitted satisfactorily to the form of a simple kinetic-theory expression, allowing for extrapolation to lower densities that are less amenable to simulation. At turbine conditions, no experimental diffusivity data are available, and existing semiempirical estimation techniques are unreliable, so the results from this work provide the best values available for this industrially important property. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 404 EP 407 DI 10.1021/ie020562m PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 638LV UT WOS:000180573200022 ER PT J AU Zamora, RJ Solomon, S Dutton, EG Bao, JW Trainer, M Portmann, RW White, AB Nelson, DW McNider, RT AF Zamora, RJ Solomon, S Dutton, EG Bao, JW Trainer, M Portmann, RW White, AB Nelson, DW McNider, RT TI Comparing MM5 radiative fluxes with observations gathered during the 1995 and 1999 Nashville southern oxidants studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radiative processes; numerical modeling; land atmosphere interactions; boundary layer processes ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIANCE; HYDROLOGY; AEROSOLS; PLUME AB [1] The impact of radiative transfer processes on MM5 air-quality forecasts during the Nashville Southern Oxidants Experiments is addressed. We find that an incorrect specification of aerosol scattering, aerosol absorption, and ozone absorption in the model can lead to positive errors in the instantaneous total solar irradiance at the surface of 100 W m(-2) using the Dudhia solar parameterization. This increased solar irradiance upsets the surface energy balance in the model causing errors in the surface heat fluxes and mixing depth estimation. We also show that a systematic 80 W m(-2) increase in the forecast downwelling long-wave radiation can inhibit the formation of ground-based nocturnal inversions in the model when the Dudhia long-wave radiation routine is used. Thus we find that accurate specification of radiative processes, including some driven by local pollution, can be important for mesoscale meteorological forecasting. A method for including ozone absorption in MM5 is introduced, and optimum choices for running the model in aerosol rich geographic regions are discussed. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Climate Modeling & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, TX USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Robert.J.Zamora@noaa.gov; Susan.Solomon@noaa.gov; Ellsworth.G.Dutton@noaa.gov; Jian-Wen.Bao@noaa.gov; Michael.K.Trainer@noaa.gov; Robert.W.Portmann@noaa.gov; Allen.B.White@noaa.gov; Donald.W.Nelson@noaa.gov; dick.mcnider@nsstc.uah.edu RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; NR 29 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 4050 DI 10.1029/2002JD002122 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660FT UT WOS:000181823700002 ER PT J AU Brabazon, DM Abdulaev, NG Marino, JP Ridge, KD AF Brabazon, DM Abdulaev, NG Marino, JP Ridge, KD TI Evidence for structural changes in carboxyl-terminal peptides of transducin alpha-subunit upon binding a soluble mimic of light-activated rhodopsin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; COVALENT CROSS-LINKING; 4TH CYTOPLASMIC LOOP; CONNECTING HELIX-C; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; DEPENDENT CHANGES; BOVINE RHODOPSIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; COMPLEX-FORMATION AB Although a high-resolution crystal structure for the ground state of rhodopsin is now available, portions of the cytoplasmic surface are not well resolved, and the structural basis for the interaction of the cytoplasmic loops with the retinal G-protein transducin (G(t)) is still unknown. Previous efforts aimed at the design, construction, and functional characterization of soluble mimics for the light-activated state of rhodopsin have shown that grafting defined segments from the cytoplasmic region of bovine opsin onto a surface loop in a mutant form of thioredoxin (HPTRX) is sufficient to confer partial G(t) activating potential [Abdulaev et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39354-39363]. To assess whether these designed mimics could provide a structural insight into the interaction between light-activated rhodopsin and G(t) the ability of an HPTRX fusion protein comprised of the second (CD) and third (EF) cytoplasmic loops (HPTRX/CDEF) to bind G(1) alpha-subunit (G(1alpha)) peptides was examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Transfer NOESY (TrNOESY) experiments show that an 11 amino acid peptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of G(talpha) (GtP), as well as a "high-affinity" peptide analogue, HAP1, binds to HPTRX/CDEF in the fast-exchange regime and undergoes similar, subtle structural changes at C, the extreme carboxyl terminus. Observed TrNOEs suggest that both peptides when bound to HPTRX/CDEF adopt a reverse turn that is consistent with the C-cap structure that has been previously reported for the interaction of GtP with the light-activated signaling state, metarhodopsin II (MII). In contrast, TrNOESY spectra provide no evidence for structuring of the amino terminus of either GtP or HAP1 when bound to HPTRX/CDEF, nor do the spectra show any measurable changes in the CD and EF loop C, resonances of HPTRX/CDEF, which are confonationally dynamic and significantly exchange broadened. Taken together, the NMR observations indicate that HPTRX/CDEF, previously identified as a functional mimic of MII, is also an approximate structural mimic for this light-activated state of rhodopsin. C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Brabazon, DM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11112, EY13286]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59107] NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 21 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1021/bi0268899 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 636TK UT WOS:000180472900008 PM 12525157 ER PT J AU Shaw, JA Neiman, PJ AF Shaw, JA Neiman, PJ TI Coronas and iridescence in mountain wave clouds SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUD; ICE CLOUDS; POLLEN; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB We use Fraunhofer diffraction theory and meterological data to determine the nature of cloud-particle distributions and the mean particle sizes required for interpreting photographs of coronas and iridescence in mountain wave clouds. Traditional descriptions of coronas and iridescence usually explain these optical phenomena as diffraction by droplets of liquid water. Our analysis shows that the photographed displays have mean particle sizes from 7.6 to 24.3 mum, with over half the cases requiring diffraction by small (similar to20 mum) quasispherical ice particles rather than liquid water droplets. Previous documentation of coronas produced by ice particles are limited to observations in cirrus clouds that appear to be composed of small ice crystals, whereas our observations suggest that coronas and iridescence quite often can be created by tiny quasispherical ice particles that might be unique to mountain wave clouds. Furthermore, we see that the dominant colors in mountain wave-cloud coronas are red and blue, rather than the traditionally described red and green. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jshaw@ece.montana.edu NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 476 EP 485 DI 10.1364/AO.42.000476 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636XV UT WOS:000180483300020 PM 12570269 ER PT J AU Guo, HK Tao, RB Lin, MY AF Guo, HK Tao, RB Lin, MY TI Quantitative analysis of rod like micelle solutions viscosity using microscopic parameters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Discrete simulation of Fluid Dynamics and Soft Condensed Matter CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Fudan Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Fudan Univ, TD Lee Phys Lab ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHEAR-FLOW; BIREFRINGENCE; BEHAVIOR AB We modify the Hayter-Penfold formalism and gave a quantitative analysis to fit the viscosity of rod-like micelles solutions under shear using measured small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity. The original formalism is applicable to a dilute solution, but we found that the theory can fit our measured results excellently if we use the effective viscosity of the solution in place of the solvent viscosity of the original formalism. The fittings yielded good values just the same as our experiment results. C1 Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Appl Surface Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200437, Peoples R China. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, HK (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Appl Surface Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1142/S0217979203017187 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 652PM UT WOS:000181387600021 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Stowe, L AF Sullivan, J Stowe, L TI Eulogy for Nagaraja Rao SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1080/0143116021000016770 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 640YV UT WOS:000180717400001 ER PT J AU Brown, SW Johnson, BC AF Brown, SW Johnson, BC TI Development of a portable integrating sphere source for the Earth Observing System's calibration validation programme SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration fo Remote Sensing CY NOV 09-11, 1999 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH HO UTAH STATE UNIV AB We have designed and built a portable integrating sphere source for use at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellite sensor calibration facilities in support of the Earth Observing System (EOS) calibration programme. The source is designed to complement existing detector-based validation methodologies over the spectral range 400-2500 nm, affording extra flexibility in implementing the programme. Details of the design and operation of the portable source will be described and discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1080/01431160110113151 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 640YV UT WOS:000180717400003 ER PT J AU Pollock, DB Murdock, TL Datla, RU Thompson, A AF Pollock, DB Murdock, TL Datla, RU Thompson, A TI Data uncertainty traced to SI units. Results reported in the International System of Units SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration fo Remote Sensing CY NOV 09-11, 1999 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH HO UTAH STATE UNIV ID IRRADIANCE AB Remote sensor data reported as being traceable to the Systeme International d'Unites (SI) implies certain principles are followed to evaluate the uncertainty with which the data are reported. Unless these principles are followed to evaluate the uncertainty, remote sensor results will continue to be misinterpreted frequently. The demand for higher accuracy, remote sensor data mandates improvements in the way data quality is assessed and communicated within the remote sensing community. It is essential data be SI traceable for the results to have meaning scientist-to-scientist and programme-to-programme. A procedure for data to be reported as SI traceable is discussed. A case study is presented to illustrate the problems when data are reported without following the procedure to establish SI traceability. Another case study illustrates the scope of the effort necessary to report data SI. This paper also cites the SI base units as maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). To know the principles were followed to establish data uncertainty gives full meaning to the statement: the results are reported to be SI traceable. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Frontier Technol Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pollock, DB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, OB422,301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1080/01431160110113188 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 640YV UT WOS:000180717400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, BC Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Lykke, KR AF Johnson, BC Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Lykke, KR TI System-level calibration of a transfer radiometer used to validate EOS radiance scales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration fo Remote Sensing CY NOV 09-11, 1999 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH HO UTAH STATE UNIV ID ACCURACY CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; INFRARED INTEGRATING SPHERE; STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; IRRADIANCE; FACILITY; NIST; REALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGY AB A number of transfer radiometers have been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with the support and funding of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) satellite sensor calibration programmes. The transfer radiometers travel to NASA satellite builder and calibration facilities and validate the radiance scale of calibration sources at those facilities. One of these instruments, the Earth Observing Systems (EOS) Visible Transfer Radiometer (VXR), was calibrated for spectral responsivity in different facilities at NIST using two types of integrating sphere sources (ISSs): an incandescent lamp-illuminated ISS and a laser-illuminated ISS. The laser-illuminated ISS results in reduced uncertainties and a greater dynamic range in radiance responsivity. We will discuss the calibration procedures using the two types of source, compare results of calibrations of two of the VXR filter channels in the two NIST facilities, and suggest additional irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations that are now possible using the new laser-illuminated facility. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 339 EP 356 DI 10.1080/01431160110113205 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 640YV UT WOS:000180717400012 ER PT J AU Rice, JP Bender, SC Atkins, WH Lovas, FJ AF Rice, JP Bender, SC Atkins, WH Lovas, FJ TI Deployment test of the NIST EOS thermal-infrared transfer radiometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration fo Remote Sensing CY NOV 09-11, 1999 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH HO UTAH STATE UNIV ID CALIBRATION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Thermal-infrared Transfer Radiometer (TXR), developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS), was deployed at the remote sensing radiometric calibration facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The purpose of the deployment was to test the ability of the TXR to operate off-site of NIST in a host cryogenic vacuum chamber, and to provide an end-to-end verification of the radiance scale in the LANL facility. The TXR was calibrated pre-trip and post-trip at NIST against a water bath black body in ambient conditions. At LANL, the TXR was operated in a liquid nitrogen cooled vacuum chamber, mounted in the same position that remote sensing instruments occupy during their pre-flight calibrations. The results from the TXR 5 mum channel show that the LANL radiance scale agrees with that of the NIST water bath black body to within a radiance uncertainty of +/-0.16% (k = 2). This corresponds to a brightness temperature uncertainty of 50 mK (k = 2) at 300 K. Thus, the TXR has demonstrated its ability to provide an economical end-to-end system-level verification of the component-level radiometric scale assigned to a calibration facility. Such verifications provide an extra level of confidence in the radiometric accuracy of flight instrument calibration facilities that has hitherto not been possible. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 367 EP 388 DI 10.1080/01431160110113197 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 640YV UT WOS:000180717400014 ER PT J AU Xie, RH Bryant, GW Smith, VH AF Xie, RH Bryant, GW Smith, VH TI Electronic, vibrational and magnetic properties of a novel C48N12 aza-fullerene SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID C-60; DENSITY; CARBON; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; POLARIZABILITY; EXCHANGE; MOLECULE AB The structural, electronic, vibrational and magnetic properties of a novel C48N12 aza-fullerene are studied by using density functional and Hartree-Fock methods. Optimized geometries and total energy of this aza-fullerene are calculated. The HOMO-LUMO gap Of C48N12 is found to be about 1 eV smaller than that Of C-60. Fifty-eight IR-active frequencies and 10 NMR spectral signals are predicted for C48N12. Diamagnetic shielding factor, polarizability and hyperpolarizability Of C48N12 are calculated. Our results suggest that C48N12 may have potential applications as semiconductor components and possible building materials for nanometer electronics, photonic devices and diamagnetic superconductors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rhxie@titan.nist.gov; nett.bryant@nist.gov; vhsmith@chem.queensu.ca NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2003 VL 368 IS 3-4 BP 486 EP 494 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01914-0 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01914-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634VA UT WOS:000180361200036 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Middlebrook, AM AF Lee, SH Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Middlebrook, AM TI Nitrate and oxidized organic ions in single particle mass spectra during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitrate aerosol; organic acids; organic aerosol; single particle mass spectrometry; Southern Oxidants Study Atlanta; chemical composition ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; VAPOR; SPECTROMETRY; SOOT; AIR AB [1] We measured the chemical components of 0.35-2.5 mum diameter aerosols with a Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry ( PALMS) instrument during the Atlanta Supersite Project in August 1999. This paper presents the results for nitrate and oxidized organics. More than 20% of the negative ion spectra of single particles contained nitrate ion peaks. Nitrate peaks showed a clear maximum during the morning at the time of high ambient relative humidity. Nitrate peaks also had a small local maximum during the afternoon when the gas-phase HNO3 concentrations were high. This afternoon maximum was more significant for the particles containing soot/hydrocarbons or aluminosilicate components than for the typical organic/sulfate particles. About 45% of negative spectra contained ions indicative of the oxidized organics. Oxidized organic peaks showed a diurnal variation similar to the nitrate: a morning time maximum during the relative humidity maximum and a small maximum in the afternoon. However, in contrast to the nitrate peaks, the afternoon local maximum of oxidized organic peaks was apparent on the organic/sulfate particles. Both nitrate and oxidized organic peaks had larger ion fractions in particles with higher scattered light intensities. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM ShanLee@du.edu; dmurphy@al.noaa.gov; dthomson@al.noaa.gov; amiddlebrook@al.noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 37 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8417 DI 10.1029/2001JD001455 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 659VQ UT WOS:000181798500001 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Vanderah, DJ Rozzell, JD AF Tewari, YB Vanderah, DJ Rozzell, JD TI Thermodynamics of the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 1-phenyl-1-alkanols and butyl acetate in organic solvents SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE benzyl alcohol; 1-butanol; butyl acetate; enthalpy; equilibrium constant; lipase; (R)-(+)-1-phenyl ethanol; (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-1-propanol; (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-1-butanol; thermodynamics ID 1-DODECANOIC ACID; ESTERIFICATION; (-)-MENTHOL; GLYCEROL; ESTERS AB The thermodynamics of the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reactions of butyl acetate and 1-phenyl-1-alkanols from C-1 to C-4 have been studied in organic solvents. Equilibrium measurements of the reactions with benzyl alcohol and (R)-(+)- I-phenyl ethanol were carried out in n-hexane, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, tert-butyl methyl ether, carbon tetrachloride and neat (no solvent added) at 298.15 K. The average value for the equilibrium constant and the standard molar Gibbs energy change Delta(r)G(m)(circle) in these solvents for the reaction with benzyl alcohol (C-1) are 0.29 and 3.1 kJ mol(-1), respectively; for the reaction with (R)-(+)-1-phenyl ethanol (C-2) the respective values are 0.11 and 5.4kJ mol(-1). The difference of 2.3 kJ mol(-1) in the values of Delta(r)G(m)(circle) between the C-1 and C-2 alkanols is attributed to increased steric hindrance associated with the additional methyl group in (R)-(+)-1-phenyl ethanol. In addition, the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants for the reactions with C, and C-2 alkanols were also studied in n-hexane. The standard molar Gibbs energy Delta(r)G(m)(circle) enthalpy Delta(r)H(m)(circle) and entropy Delta(r)S(m)(circle) changes at 298.15 K have been calculated from these results. It is seen that the temperature variation of the values of the equilibrium constants is small and that the values of Delta(r)H(m)(circle) are zero within experimental error. The equilibrium constants for the reactions involving (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-1-propanol (C-3) and (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-1-butanol (C-4) were measured in n-hexane only and the values are both 0.11. The fact that the values of the equilibrium constants for the reactions involving C-2-C-4 are constant is consistent with the view that no additional steric hindrance is caused by adding more than one methylene group to the (R)-(+)-1-phenyl-1 -alkanol reactant. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. BioCatalyt Inc, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD JAN 16 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 123 EP 131 AR PII S1381-1177(02)00120-0 DI 10.1016/S1381-1177(02)00120-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 636GE UT WOS:000180445600004 ER PT J AU Edmonds, HN Michael, PJ Baker, ET Connelly, DP Snow, JE Langmuir, CH Dick, HJB Muhe, R German, CR Graham, DW AF Edmonds, HN Michael, PJ Baker, ET Connelly, DP Snow, JE Langmuir, CH Dick, HJB Muhe, R German, CR Graham, DW TI Discovery of abundant hydrothermal venting on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge in the Arctic SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; INDIAN RIDGE; PLUMES; FIELD; OCEAN AB Submarine hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges is an important contributor to ridge thermal structure(1), and the global distribution of such vents has implications for heat and mass fluxes(2) from the Earth's crust and mantle and for the biogeography of vent-endemic organisms.(3) Previous studies have predicted that the incidence of hydrothermal venting would be extremely low on ultraslow-spreading ridges (ridges with full spreading rates <2 cm yr(-1)-which make up 25 per cent of the global ridge length), and that such vent systems would be hosted in ultramafic in addition to volcanic rocks(4,5). Here we present evidence for active hydrothermal venting on the Gakkel ridge, which is the slowest spreading (0.6-1.3 cm yr(-1)) and least explored mid-ocean ridge. On the basis of water column profiles of light scattering, temperature and manganese concentration along 1,100 km of the rift valley, we identify hydrothermal plumes dispersing from at least nine to twelve discrete vent sites. Our discovery of such abundant venting, and its apparent localization near volcanic centres, requires a reassessment of the geologic conditions that control hydrothermal circulation on ultraslow-spreading ridges. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Edmonds, HN (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM edmonds@utmsi.utexas.edu RI Snow, Jonathan/E-5591-2011; OI Graham, David/0000-0002-7411-1905 NR 30 TC 106 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 16 PY 2003 VL 421 IS 6920 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1038/nature01351 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 635KG UT WOS:000180397600043 PM 12529639 ER PT J AU Schubert, P Schantz, MM Sander, LC Wise, SA AF Schubert, P Schantz, MM Sander, LC Wise, SA TI Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weight 300 and 302 in environmental-matrix standard reference materials by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYSILOXANE STATIONARY PHASES; BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; EXCITED SHPOLSKII SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TAR-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; COAL-TAR; RETENTION INDEXES; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; CARBON-BLACK AB An analytical approach based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is presented for the measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weight (MW) 300 and 302 in environmental samples. Three different GC stationary phases [5% and 50% phenyl methylpolysiloxane and dimethyl (50% liquid crystalline) polysiloxane] were compared, and retention indexes (RI) are given for 23 individual MW 302 isomers. Identification of MW 300 and 302 isomers in four environmental-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) (SRM 1597, coal tar extract; SRM 1648 and SRM 1649a, air particulate matter; and SRM 1941, marine sediment) was based on the comparison of RI data and mass spectra from authentic standards. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, which is of considerable interest because of its high carcinogenicity, was identified and quantified in the four environmental-matrix SRMs. A total of 23 isomers of MW 302 and four isomers of MW 300 were quantified in four different environmental-matrix SRMs, and the results are compared to previously reported results based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 62 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 234 EP 246 DI 10.1021/ac0259111 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 635ZM UT WOS:000180430100009 PM 12553757 ER PT J AU Gillen, G Fahey, A AF Gillen, G Fahey, A TI Secondary ion mass spectrometry using cluster primary ion beams SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Related Topics (SIMS XIII) CY NOV 11-16, 2001 CL NARA, JAPAN DE beam-induced damage; cluster bombardment; depth profile; secondary ion mass spectrometry ID SF5+; INSTRUMENT AB We have a developed a capability for conducting cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) experiments on commercially available SIMS instrumentation. This paper reviews our recent work on cluster ion source development, elemental depth profiling with cluster primary ion beams and the use of cluster ion beams for organic surface characterization. An area of particular interest is the observation that beam-induced damage for some organic materials is substantially reduced under cluster bombardment. This unique feature of cluster SIMS is utilized for molecular depth profiling of selected polymer films and for studying the spatial distribution of high explosive particles by SIMS imaging. We also describe recent studies that may provide additional insight into possible mechanisms for the molecular secondary ion yield enhancement observed for organic thin films under cluster bombardment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mailstop 837-1,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 203 BP 209 EP 213 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00627-X DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00627-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 637RT UT WOS:000180527300048 ER PT J AU Roberson, S Sehgal, A Fahey, A Karim, A AF Roberson, S Sehgal, A Fahey, A Karim, A TI Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for high-throughput characterization of biosurfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Related Topics (SIMS XIII) CY NOV 11-16, 2001 CL NARA, JAPAN DE TOF-SIMS; UV-ozone treatment; surface energy gradient; poly(epsilon-caprolactone); osteoblast cells; polymers ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON-OXIDE; SURFACES; POLYMERS AB A graded oxidation process, involving UV-ozone (UVO) treatment, was used to create a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) surface with a systematic variation in surface chemistry. Time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has proved useful in characterizing the chemical composition of these surfaces and in monitoring the oxidation process. The TOF-SIMS data correlates with contact angle data and the results of the binding studies performed with mouse calvarial cells. UVO treatment resulted in a PCL surface with improved wettability and cellular adhesion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sonya.roberson@nist.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 203 BP 855 EP 858 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00822-X DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00822-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 637RT UT WOS:000180527300190 ER PT J AU Aksenov, SV Savageau, MA Jentschura, UD Becher, J Soff, G Mohr, PJ AF Aksenov, SV Savageau, MA Jentschura, UD Becher, J Soff, G Mohr, PJ TI Application of the combined nonlinear-condensation transformation to problems in statistical analysis and theoretical physics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE computational techniques; numerical approximation and analysis; DNA; RNA; folding and sequence analysis ID PLATE CONTACT PROBLEMS; LAW CANONICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; BETHE LOGARITHMS; LAMB SHIFT; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; NONCODING DNA; SERIES; CONVERGENCE; SUMMATION AB We discuss several applications of the recently proposed combined nonlinear-condensation transformation (CNCT) for the evaluation of slowly convergent, nonalternating series. These include certain statistical distributions which are of importance in linguistics, statistical-mechanics theory, and biophysics (statistical analysis of DNA sequences). We also discuss applications of the transformation in experimental mathematics, and we briefly expand on further applications in theoretical physics. Finally, we discuss a related Mathematica program for the computation of Lerch's transcendent. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, Mommsenstr 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 AR PII S0010-4355(02)00627-6 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00627-6 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 634NR UT WOS:000180347500001 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Scott, GI Cobb, GP AF Bargar, TA Scott, GI Cobb, GP TI Chorioallantoic membranes indicate avian exposure and biomarker responses to environmental contaminants: A laboratory study with white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; TERN STERNA-HIRUNDO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EGGS; EMBRYOS; PCBS; ENDOSULFAN; CONGENERS; TOXICITY; ISLAND AB PCB and endosulfan concentrations in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) were evaluated as indicators of hepatic cytochrome P450 isozyme activity in hens and chicks as well as toxicant concentrations in eggs and hens. Sixteen hens were randomly divided into four groups of four and dosed with a mixture of PCB105 (2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl), PCB156 (2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl),PCB189 (2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl), and technical grade endosulfan (3:1 ratio of (alpha and beta isomers) at three different dose groups. The first 10 fertile eggs laid by each hen were collected, the even-numbered eggs incubated until hatched, and the odd numbered eggs were analyzed for test chemicals. Strong (r(2)), significantly positive (p value) relationships were found between total PCB mass (ng) in CAMs and both total PCB concentrations (ng/g wet wt) in adults (r(2) = 0.91, p = 0.0001) and eggs (r(2) = 0.87, p = 0.0001). The relationship between total PCB mass in CAMs and hepatic cytochrome p450 isozyme activity in chicks (r(2) = 0.49, p = 0.0001) and hens (r(2) = 0.45, p = 0.014) was also significant but not as strong. This study shows that CAMS can be used to estimate avian exposure to PCBs and resultant biological response. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, USDOC, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bargar.tim@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES04696] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1021/es0257873 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637FT UT WOS:000180501500008 PM 12564895 ER PT J AU de Gouw, J Warneke, C Karl, T Eerdekens, G van der Veen, C Fall, R AF de Gouw, J Warneke, C Karl, T Eerdekens, G van der Veen, C Fall, R TI Sensitivity and specificity of atmospheric trace gas detection by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry; atmospheric trace gas ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; SURINAM; ACETONE AB Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has emerged as a useful tool to study the atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are implicated in the formation of ozone and aerosols in polluted air. In PTR-MS, ambient air is continuously pumped through a drift-tube reactor and the VOCs in the sample are ionized using proton-transfer reactions with H3O+ ions. The H3O+ and product ions are detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The technique combines a fast response time (I s) with a low detection limit (10-100 parts-per-trillion), and allows atmospheric measurements of many important VOCs and their oxidation products in a variety of field experiments. Here, the sensitivity of PTR-MS with respect to a number of VOCs is characterized. The measured sensitivity, obtained using calibrated mixtures of VOCs in air, is compared with a calculated sensitivity and a reasonable agreement is obtained. It is shown how the sensitivity depends on the pressure in the drift tube and on the humidity of the sample air. In PTR-MS, only the mass of the ionized trace gases is determined, which is a useful but not a unique indicator of the trace gas identity. A combination of gas chromatography and PTR-MS (GC-PTR-MS) has been developed to investigate which compounds contribute to the signal at a certain mass. Air samples collected in the city of Utrecht in The Netherlands and at the remote Sonnblick Observatory in Austria were analyzed by GC-PTR-MS. The results clearly indicate that PTR-MS measurements of VOCs such as methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, benzene and toluene are free from interference by other compounds. For other VOCs, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, interference cannot always be ruled out entirely. For some masses like 69 amu, a large number of biogenic VOCs produce the same signal, demonstrating the need for GC-PTR-MS methods. It is also shown that PTR-MS measurements can likely be used to determine the sum of the concentration of C-2-benzenes, despite the fact that these compounds cannot be independently measured with PTR-MS. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP de Gouw, J (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 47 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 4 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 365 EP 382 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00926-0 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00926-0 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 634WT UT WOS:000180366000034 ER PT J AU Karl, T Hansel, A Mark, T Lindinger, W Hoffmann, D AF Karl, T Hansel, A Mark, T Lindinger, W Hoffmann, D TI Trace gas monitoring at the Mauna Loa Baseline observatory using proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE trace gas monitoring; Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry; volatile organic compounds ID VARIABILITY-LIFETIME RELATIONSHIP; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; INDIAN-OCEAN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTION AB Real time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer was performed at the Mauna Loa Baseline Station (19.54N, 155.58W) in March/April 2001 (March 23, 2001-April 17, 2001). Mixing ratios for methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, isoprene and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) plus methacrolein (MACR) ranged between 0.2 and 1.8, 0.2 and 1, 0.07 and 0.2, <0.02 and 0.3, and <0.02 and 0.5 ppbv, respectively. Biomass burning plumes transported from South-East Asia and the Indian Subcontinent across the Pacific influenced part of the measurement campaign. DeltaAcetonitrile/DeltaCO and Deltaacetone/Deltaacetonitrile ratios in these cases were 1.5 x 10(-3) to 2.5 x 10(-3) and 2-5 ppbv/ppbv, respectively. Overall Asian outflow events were not as frequent during Spring 2001 as in previous years. Methanol did not show significant correlation with CO, acetonitrile, and acetone. The abundance of acetone and CO seemed to be influenced but not dominated by biomass burning and domestic biofuel emissions. (Int J Mass Spectront 223-224 (2003) 527-538) (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tomkarl@ucar.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Mark, Tilmann/J-1650-2014; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 527 EP 538 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00874-6 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00874-6 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 634WT UT WOS:000180366000047 ER PT J AU Pyo, SG Kim, S Wheeler, D Moffat, TP Josell, D AF Pyo, SG Kim, S Wheeler, D Moffat, TP Josell, D TI Seam-free fabrication of submicrometer copper interconnects by iodine-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; FILMS AB Kinetic parameters from studies of deposition on planar deposits are used to predict superconformal filling of fine features during iodine-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. The mechanism behind the superconformal filling is described and the metrology required to predict it is identified and quantified. The dominant effect is the change in coverage of adsorbed catalyst with the surface area during interface evolution. Experimental filling results are described and are shown to be consistent with the predictions. An associated effect on surface roughness of planar deposits is also described. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hynix Semicond Inc, Cheongju, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pyo, SG (reprint author), Hynix Semicond Inc, Cheongju, South Korea. RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 1257 EP 1261 DI 10.1063/1.532931 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 630WW UT WOS:000180134200072 ER PT J AU Lavrich, RJ Plusquellic, DF Suenram, RD Fraser, GT Walker, ARH Tubergen, MJ AF Lavrich, RJ Plusquellic, DF Suenram, RD Fraser, GT Walker, ARH Tubergen, MJ TI Experimental studies of peptide bonds: Identification of the C-7(eq) conformation of the alanine dipeptide analog N-acetyl-alanine N-methylamide from torsion-rotation interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRUM; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; GAS-PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; GLYCINE; N'-METHYLAMIDE; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; ISOMERS AB Rotational spectra of the biomimetic molecule, alanine dipeptide and the double N-15(N-15(2)) isotopomer have been observed using a pulsed-molecular-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The spectra reveal tunneling splittings from the torsional mode structure of two of its three methyl rotors. The torsional states assigned include one AA-state and two AE-states (i.e., AE and EA) for each isotopomer. The AA-states are well-fit to A-reduction asymmetricrotor Hamiltonians. The "infinite-barrier-limit" rotational constants of the N-14(2) isotopomer are A=1710.97(8) MHz, B=991.89(9) MHz, and C=716.12(6) MHz. The AE-states are analyzed independently using "high-barrier" torsion-rotation Hamiltonians, yielding observedminus-calculated standard deviations of <400 kHz. The fits improve substantially (>100-fold for the N-15(2) isotopomer) when analyzed in a rho-axis frame where rho(b)=rho(c)=0. The best-fit torsion-rotation parameters provide accurate V-3 barriers and C-3 rotor axis angles for both methyl groups. The observed angles are shown to uniquely correlate with those calculated for the acetyl and amide methyl groups in the C-7(eq) conformational form. The V-3 barriers of the amide and acetyl methyl groups are 84.0(3) cm(-1) and 98.4(2) cm(-1) for the N-14(2) and 84.1(1) cm(-1) and 98.65(8) cm(-1) for the N-15(2) isotopomers, respectively. These results are in good agreement with prior geometry optimizations and with current V-3 barrier calculations which predict the C-7(eq) conformation as the lowest energy form in the gas phase. Under certain conditions, the spectrum is dominated by transitions from a thermal decomposition product formed by dehydration of alanine dipeptide. This molecule is tentatively identified as 3,5-dihydro-2,3,5-trimethyl-(9CI) 4H imidazole-4-one (CAS registry #32023-93-1). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Lavrich, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1253 EP 1265 DI 10.1063/1.1528898 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634AB UT WOS:000180316700031 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Dunkers, JP van Zanten, JH Parnas, RS AF Lenhart, JL Dunkers, JP van Zanten, JH Parnas, RS TI Characterization of sizing layers and buried polymer/sizing/substrate interfacial regions using a localized fluorescent probe SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; interface; interphase; composite; epoxy; coupling agent ID SILANE COUPLING AGENT; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; SILICA; SURFACE; GLASS; STRENGTH; OXIDE AB A novel technique is described to investigate buried polymer/sizing/substrate interfacial regions, in situ, by localizing a fluorescent probe molecule in the sizing layer. Epoxy functional silane coupling agent multilayers were deposited on glass microscope cover slips and doped with small levels of a fluorescently labeled silane coupling agent (FLSCA). The emission of the grafted FLSCA was dependent on the silane layer thickness, showing blue-shifted emission with decreasing thickness. The fluorescent results suggest that thinner layers were more tightly bound to the glass surface. The layers were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When the FLSCA-doped silane layers were immersed in epoxy resin, a blue shift in emission occurred during resin cure, indicating the potential to study interfacial chemistry, in situ. Thicker silane layers exhibited smaller fluorescence shifts during cure, suggesting incomplete resin penetration into the thickest silane layers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 257 IS 2 BP 398 EP 407 AR PII S0021-9797(02)00035-8 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(02)00035-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 644YA UT WOS:000180947700028 PM 16256496 ER PT J AU Stevens, BG AF Stevens, BG TI Settlement, substratum preference, and survival of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) glaucothoe on natural substrata in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crab; settlement; postlarvae; substratum; habitat ID ASIAN SHORE CRAB; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; SPINY LOBSTER; ESTUARINE CRAB; DUNGENESS CRAB; RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; HEMIGRAPSUS-SANGUINEUS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS AB Preferences of red king crab (RKC) Paralithodes camtschaticus glaucothoes for a variety of live substrata were tested in the laboratory. Recently molted glaucothoes settled immediately on all substrata except a bare control tank. Preferred substrata (in decreasing order) were hydroids, algae, other (airstones, tank bottom), sand and worms, and did not change much until after molting to stage C I at day 30. Survival to stage C I was highest (93%) in the control tank, least (18%) on sand and intermediate (53-60%) on other substrata. Red king crab glaucothoes demonstrate similar preferences for structurally complex biological substrata in the laboratory as they do in the wild. Settlement on sand occurs only as a last resort and results in higher mortality. These results indicate the importance to settling larvae of biogenic oases that may be easily disturbed by hard-on-bottom fishing activities, and underscore the importance of conserving such habitats. Furthermore, knowledge of settlement, habitat selection and substratum preference are essential prior to considering the potential of king crabs for stock enhancement or aquaculture. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, 301 Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 75 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 78 AR PII S0022-0981(02)00471-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00471-9 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 636HM UT WOS:000180448600004 ER PT J AU Arnott, WP Moosmuller, H Sheridan, PJ Ogren, JA Raspet, R Slaton, WV Hand, JL Kreidenweis, SM Collett, JL AF Arnott, WP Moosmuller, H Sheridan, PJ Ogren, JA Raspet, R Slaton, WV Hand, JL Kreidenweis, SM Collett, JL TI Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol light absorption; photoacoustic; aethalometer; humidity ID ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; REAL-TIME; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SOOT; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; PARTICLES AB [1] Ambient measurements are reported of aerosol light absorption from photoacoustic and filter-based instruments (aethalometer and a particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP)) to provide insight on the measurement science. Measurements were obtained during the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study at the Big Bend National Park in South Texas. The aethalometer measurements of black carbon concentration at this site correlate reasonably well with photoacoustic measurements of aerosol light absorption, with a slope of 8.1 m(2)/g and a small offset. Light absorption at this site never exceeded 2.1 Mm(-1) during the month of collocated measurements. Measurements were also obtained, as a function of controlled relative humidity between 40% and 90%, during the Photoacoustic IOP in 2000 at the Department of Energy Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site (SGP). PSAP measurements of aerosol light absorption correlated very well with photoacoustic measurements, but the slope of the correlation indicated the PSAP values were larger by a factor of 1.61. The photoacoustic measurements of light absorption exhibited a systematic decrease when the RH increased beyond 70%. This apparent decrease in light absorption with RH may be due to the contribution of mass transfer to the photoacoustic signal. Model results for the limiting case of full water saturation are used to evaluate this hypothesis. A second PSAP measured the light absorption for the same humidified samples, and indicated very erratic response as the RH changed, suggesting caution when interpreting PSAP data under conditions of rapid relative humidity change. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Arnott, WP (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM pat@dri.edu; hansm@dri.edu; psheridan@cmdl.noaa.gov; jogren@cmdl.noaa.gov; raspet@olemiss.edu; William_v_slaton@yahoo.com; jenny@aerosol.atmos.colostate.edu; soniak@aerosol.atmos.colostate.edu; collett@lamar.colostate.edu RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 41 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4034 DI 10.1029/2002JD002165 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655WZ UT WOS:000181576800007 ER PT J AU Garrett, TJ Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V Maria, SF Huebert, BJ AF Garrett, TJ Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V Maria, SF Huebert, BJ TI Microphysical and radiative evolution of aerosol plumes over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MINERAL DUST AEROSOL; SAHARAN DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; FREE TROPOSPHERE; SUBMICRON AEROSOL; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CANARY-ISLANDS; JULY 1995 AB [1] Over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean in the summer, plumes of aerosol extend from Saharan Africa to the Caribbean. The microphysical and radiative evolution of such plumes is studied using a Lagrangian column model and measurements obtained near the west coast of Africa (during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment [ACE-2]) and the Caribbean Sea (during the Passing Efficiency of the Low Turbulence Inlet [PELTI] experiment). Mass and scattering in the plumes can be separated into two layers that overlay one another over much of the Atlantic Ocean. Mineral dust dominates in the lower free troposphere, and sea-salt aerosol dominates in the boundary layer. Carbonaceous, sulfate, and nitrate (CSN) aerosols are a minor component of mass but contribute significantly to total column optical depth. Combined, CSN aerosols and sea-salt contribute to more than half of total aerosol clear-sky shortwave forcing associated with such plumes. Satellite and model data suggest that the reduction of plume forcing between the African coastline and the Caribbean is less than similar to20%. The reduction is due principally to settling of large dust particles and atmospheric subsidence; however, the reduction of forcing remains small because (a) boundary layer trade winds provide a steady source of sea-salt, (b) dust particles are initially elevated 2.5-5.5 km from the surface and therefore have long settling distances before removal, and (c) small CSN and dust particles in the free troposphere have high specific extinction and lack significant removal processes. Measurements and climatology suggest that the CSN aerosols in the free troposphere are anthropogenic pollution from Europe. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Garrett, TJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM tgarrett@met.utah.edu NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4022 DI 10.1029/2002JD002228 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655WZ UT WOS:000181576800008 ER PT J AU Newchurch, MJ Ayoub, MA Oltmans, S Johnson, B Schmidlin, FJ AF Newchurch, MJ Ayoub, MA Oltmans, S Johnson, B Schmidlin, FJ TI Vertical distribution of ozone at four sites in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozonesonde; climatology; STE; tropospheric ozone profiles; stratosphere-troposphere exchange; boundary layer ozone ID MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ISOPRENE CHEMISTRY; RURAL TROPOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEW-ZEALAND; VALIDATION; PROFILES AB [1] We report ozonesonde observations from the following four locations across the United States: Trinidad Head, California; Boulder, Colorado; Huntsville, Alabama; and Wallops Island, Virginia. These ozone profiles clearly indicate evidence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, boundary layer pollution, and strong seasonal variations. Significant variation at the shortest interlaunch frequencies (typically weekly) appears in all seasons, at all stations throughout the troposphere. Activity near the tropopause dominates in the winter and spring, while boundary layer ozone maximizes in the summer. The vertical extent and maximum values of boundary layer ozone are larger at the eastern stations. Comparisons to the TOMS overpasses indicate agreement to within 2% for the total-column ozone at all stations, with station-to-station mean biases less than 2%. The seasonal variation of the total ozone column is essentially identical at Trinidad Head and Wallops Island, while the summertime values at Boulder are significantly smaller by comparison, and the amplitude of the annual cycle at Huntsville is smaller than the amplitude of the other three stations. The longitudinal character of upper tropospheric ozone shows amounts generally increasing westward from Huntsville, and in the lower troposphere, ozone decreases westward from Huntsville in all seasons. Values to the east of Huntsville increase at all altitudes and seasons, with the possible exception of August when Huntsville's boundary layer and free-tropospheric ozone dominate. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA Wallops, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Newchurch, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 59 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4031 DI 10.1029/2002JD002059 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655WZ UT WOS:000181576800005 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, AS TI The APEX method in image sharpening and the use of low exponent Levy stable laws SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE image deblurring; blind deconvolution; direct methods; electronic imaging systems; heavy-tailed distributions; low exponent stable laws; APEX method; SECB method; nonuniqueness; astronomical, Landsat, and SEM images; MRI and PET brain scans ID BLIND DECONVOLUTION; NOISE REMOVAL; ALGORITHMS; RECOVERY AB The APEX method is an FFT-based direct blind deconvolution technique that can process complex high resolution imagery in seconds or minutes on current desktop platforms. The method is predicated on a restricted class of shift-invariant blurs that can be expressed as finite convolution products of two-dimensional radially symmetric Levy stable probability density functions. This class generalizes Gaussian and Lorentzian densities but excludes defocus and motion blurs. Not all images can be enhanced with the APEX method. However, it is shown that the method can be usefully applied to a wide variety of real blurred images, including astronomical, Landsat, and aerial images, MRI and PET brain scans, and scanning electron microscope images. APEX processing of these images enhances contrast and sharpens structural detail, leading to noticeable improvements in visual quality. The discussion includes a documented example of nonuniqueness, in which distinct point spread functions produce high-quality restorations of the same blurred image. Significantly, low exponent Levy point spread functions were detected and used in all the above examples. Such low exponents are exceptional in physical applications where symmetric stable laws appear. In the present case, the physical meaning of these Levy exponents is uncertain. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 593 EP 618 AR PII S0036139901389318 DI 10.1137/S0036139901389318 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 639QJ UT WOS:000180640500009 ER PT J AU Genzer, J Fischer, DA Efimenko, K AF Genzer, J Fischer, DA Efimenko, K TI Combinatorial near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure: Simultaneous determination of molecular orientation and bond concentration on chemically heterogeneous surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; CHAINS AB We show that simultaneous molecular orientation and bond chemistry of planar chemically heterogeneous surfaces can be obtained by combining near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and rastering the incident x-ray beam on the specimen. This rastering produces serially two-dimensional NEXAFS images in space and energy, revealing information about the chemistry (including bond concentration) and orientation of the surface-bound molecules with submillimeter planar spatial resolution and submonolayer molecular sensitivity. We illustrate the power of the combinatorial NEXAFS method by simultaneously probing the concentration and molecular orientation of semifluorinated (SF) molecules in double-SF molecular gradients on flat silica substrates. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1063/1.1535271 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 634AG UT WOS:000180317400038 ER PT J AU Arslan, Z Paulson, AJ AF Arslan, Z Paulson, AJ TI Solid phase extraction for analysis of biogenic carbonates by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS): an investigation of rare earth element signatures in otolith microchemistry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the Federation-of-Analytical-Chemistry-and-Spectroscopy-Societies (FACSS) CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL DETROIT, MICHIGAN SP Federat Analyt Chem & Spectroscopy Soc DE fish otoliths; rare earth elements; solid phase extraction; electrothermal vaporization; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ID FISH OTOLITHS; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; CHEMICAL MODIFIERS; SEAWATER; PRECONCENTRATION; INTERFERENCES; ESTUARINE; MN; PB; IDENTIFICATION AB Uptake of trace elements into fish otoliths is governed by several factors such as life histories and environment in addition to stock and species differences. In an attempt to elucidate the elemental signatures of rare earth elements (REEs) in otoliths, a solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol was used in combination with electrothermal vaporization (ETV) as a sample introduction procedure for the determinations by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Effects of various parameters, such as carrier gas flow rate, atomization temperature and chemical modification, were examined for optimization of the conditions by ETV-ICP-MS. Atomization was achieved at 2800 degreesC. Lower temperatures (i.e. 2600 degreesC) resulted in severe memory problems due to incomplete atomization, Palladium was used as a chemical modifier. It was found that an increase in Pd concentration up to 0.5 mug in the injection volume (70 mul) led up to four-fold enhancement in the integrated signals. This phenomenon is attributed to the carrier effect of Pd rather than the stabilization since no significant losses were observed for high temperature drying around 700 degreesC even in the absence of Pd. Preconcentration was performed on-line at pH 5 by using a mini-column of Toyopearl AF-Chelate 650M chelating resin, which also eliminated the calcium matrix of otolith solutions. After preconcentration of 6.4 ml of solution, the concentrate was collected in 0.65 ml of 0.5% (v/v) HNO3 in autosampler cups, and then analyzed by ETV-ICP-MS. The method was validated with the analysis of a fish otolith certified reference material (CRM) of emperor snapper, and then applied to samples. Results obtained from otoliths of fish captured in the same habitat indicated that otolith rare earth element concentrations are more dependent on environmental conditions of the habitat than on species differences. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, NFSC, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Arslan, Z (reprint author), NOAA, NFSC, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 476 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 AR PII S0003-2670(02)01368-5 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01368-5 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 631LG UT WOS:000180168800001 ER PT J AU Browning, MK Tumlinson, J Shull, JM AF Browning, MK Tumlinson, J Shull, JM TI Inferring physical conditions in interstellar clouds of H-2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; molecular processes ID SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN GAS; ORTHO-PARA TRANSITIONS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; INFRARED RESPONSE; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; HD 73882; H2; EXCITATION AB We have developed a code that models the formation, destruction, radiative transfer, and vibrational/rotational excitation of H-2 in a detailed fashion. We discuss generally how such codes, together with Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Explorer (FUSE) observations of H-2 in diffuse and translucent lines of sight, may be used to infer various physical parameters. We illustrate the effects of changes in the major physical parameters (UV radiation field, gas density, metallicity), and we point out the extent to which changes in one parameter may be mirrored by changes in another. We provide an analytic formula for the molecular fraction, f(H2), as a function of cloud column density, radiation fields, and grain formation rate of H-2. Some diffuse and translucent lines of sight may be concatenations of multiple distinct clouds viewed together. Such situations can give rise to observables that agree with the data, complicating the problem of uniquely identifying one set of physical parameters with a line of sight. Finally, we illustrate the application of our code to an ensemble of data, such as our FUSE survey of H-2 in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, in order to constrain the elevated UV radiation field intensity and reduced grain formation rate of H-2 in those low-metallicity environments. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Browning, Matthew/0000-0002-8634-1003 NR 39 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 582 IS 2 BP 810 EP 822 DI 10.1086/344796 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 633KP UT WOS:000180282700019 ER PT J AU Osten, RA Ayres, TR Brown, A Linsky, JL Krishnamurthi, A AF Osten, RA Ayres, TR Brown, A Linsky, JL Krishnamurthi, A TI Chandra, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and very large array observations of the active binary system sigma(2) coronae borealis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : stars; stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID RS CANUM-VENATICORUM; XVII X-RAY; EMISSION-LINE RATIOS; FE-XVII; IMPULSIVE PHASE; SOLAR-FLARES; TEMPERATURE DIAGNOSTICS; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; STARS; CAPELLA AB We present the results of a coordinated observing campaign on the short-period RS CVn binary sigma(2) Coronae Borealis (F6V+G0V; P-orb=1.14 days) with the Very Large Array, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer. The radio emission is consistent with previously determined quiescent gyrosynchrotron properties. Multiple flares were seen with Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, five occurring within two consecutive orbital periods. The first of these flares was observed with Chandra. The Chandra observations of sigma(2) CrB showed no systematic variations of line fluxes, widths, or Doppler shifts with orbital phase, nor any response in line width or offset due to the are. This is consistent with both stars being equally active coronal emitters. We have developed a self-consistent method of spectral analysis to derive information from the line and continuum emissions concerning the distribution of plasma with temperature and elemental abundances. A bimodal temperature distribution is appropriate for both quiescent and are intervals, with a stable peak at 6-8 MK and another variable enhancement at higher temperatures, with evidence for significant contribution from temperatures up to 50 MK during the are, compared to 30 MK during quiescence. The iron abundance is subsolar during quiescence but is enriched by about a factor of 2 during a large are seen with Chandra. The noble gas elements neon and argon show elevated abundances with respect to iron, but there is no clear evidence for any first ionization potential based abundance pattern during quiescence or the are. We have determined coronal electron densities from the helium-like ions O VII Ne IX Mg XI andSi XIII which imply densities >10(10) cm(-3). There is a small enhancement in the electron densities derived for the are, but it is not statistically significant. We call attention to electron temperature constraints provided by the ratios of 1s(21) S-0-1snp P-1(1) transitions of the helium-like ions O VII Ne IX Mg XI and Si XIII The derived coronal electron pressures change by 1-2 orders of magnitude over a 25% change in temperature, implying nonisobaric coronal conditions. We find no evidence for significant departures from the effectively thin coronal assumption. The electron densities inferred from the soft X-ray spectra are inconsistent with cospatial gyrosynchrotron emission; further observations are necessary to discriminate the relative locations of the radio and soft X-ray-emitting plasma. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM rosten@nrao.edu; ayres@casa.colorado.edu; ab@casa.colorado.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; akrishnamurthi@nas.edu NR 74 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 582 IS 2 BP 1073 EP 1101 DI 10.1086/344797 PN 1 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 633KP UT WOS:000180282700043 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG AF Voronovich, AG TI Strong solitary internal waves in a 2.5-layer model SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS AB A theoretical model for internal solitary waves for stratification consisting of two layers of incompressible fluid with a constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency and a density jump at the boundary between layers ('2.5-layer model') is presented. The equation of motion for solitary waves in the case of a constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency N is linear, and nonlinearity appears due only to boundary conditions between layers. This allows one to obtain in the case of long waves a single ordinary differential equation for an internal solitary wave profile. In the case of nearly homogeneous layers the solitons obtained here coincide with the solitons calculated by Choi & Camassa (1999), and in the weakly nonlinear case they reduce to KdV solitons. In the general situation strong 2.5-layer solitons can correspond to higher modes. Sufficiently strong solitons could also possess a recirculating core (at least, as a formal solution). The model was applied to the data collected during the COPE experiment. The results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 474 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1017/S0022112002002744 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 667BW UT WOS:000182211800003 ER PT J AU Fasolka, MJ Goldner, LS Hwang, J Urbas, AM DeRege, P Swager, T Thomas, EL AF Fasolka, MJ Goldner, LS Hwang, J Urbas, AM DeRege, P Swager, T Thomas, EL TI Measuring local optical properties: Near-field polarimetry of photonic block copolymer morphology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; THIN-FILMS; MICROSCOPY; BIREFRINGENCE; CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; SCALE; PROBE AB Ultrahigh molecular weight polystyrene-b-polyisoprene block copolymers (BCs), noted for their photonic behavior, were imaged using transmission near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and NSOM polarimetry. Our improved scheme for polarization modulation (PM) polarimetry, which accounts for optical anisotropies of the NSOM aperture probe, enables mapping of the local diattenuation and birefringence (with separately aligned diattenuating and fast axes) in these specimens with subdiffraction limited resolution. PM-NSOM micrographs illuminate the mesoscopic optical nature of these BC specimens by resolving individual microphase domains and defect structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Goldner, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1 AR 016107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.016107 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634AR UT WOS:000180318300040 PM 12570633 ER PT J AU Sosolik, CE Hampton, JR Lavery, AC Cooper, BH Marston, JB AF Sosolik, CE Hampton, JR Lavery, AC Cooper, BH Marston, JB TI Thermally enhanced neutralization in hyperthermal energy ion scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOM-SURFACE SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER; METAL-SURFACES; BEAMS; SPECTROSCOPIES; TEMPERATURE; IONIZATION; EXCHANGE AB Neutralization probabilities are presented for hyperthermal energy Na+ ions scattered from a Cu(001) crystal as a function of surface temperature and scattered velocity. A large enhancement in neutralization is observed as the temperature is increased. Velocity-dependent charge transfer regimes are probed by varying the incident energy, with the most prominent surface temperature effects occurring at the lowest energies. The data agree well with results obtained from a model based on the Newns-Anderson Hamiltonian, where the effects of both temperature and velocity are incorporated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sosolik, CE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hampton, Jennifer/A-7836-2008; Sosolik, Chad/D-3671-2011; Marston, Brad/B-3144-2012 OI Hampton, Jennifer/0000-0003-3953-5435; NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1 AR 013201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.013201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634AR UT WOS:000180318300016 PM 12570609 ER PT J AU McNeil, BI Matear, RJ Key, RM Bullister, JL Sarmiento, JL AF McNeil, BI Matear, RJ Key, RM Bullister, JL Sarmiento, JL TI Anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean based on the global chlorofluorocarbon data set SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC O-2; CARBON; WATER; AGE; VARIABILITY; INVENTORY; MODELS; SINKS AB We estimated the oceanic inventory of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from 1980 to 1999 using a technique based on the global chlorofluorocarbon data set. Our analysis suggests that the ocean stored 14.8 petagrams of anthropogenic carbon from mid-1980 to mid-1989 and 17.9 petagrams of carbon from mid-1990 to mid-1999, indicating an oceanwide net uptake of 1.6 and 2.0 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year, respectively. Our results provide an upper limit on the solubility-driven anthropogenic CO2 flux into the ocean, and they suggest that most ocean general circulation models are overestimating oceanic anthropogenic CO2 uptake over the past two decades. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Marine Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Antarctic Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McNeil, BI (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011; OI McNeil, Ben/0000-0001-5765-7087 NR 30 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5604 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1126/science.1077429 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 633LD UT WOS:000180284000034 PM 12522246 ER PT J AU Chan, CY Chan, LY Harris, JM Oltmans, SJ Blake, DR Qin, Y Zheng, YG Zheng, XD AF Chan, CY Chan, LY Harris, JM Oltmans, SJ Blake, DR Qin, Y Zheng, YG Zheng, XD TI Characteristics of biomass burning emission sources, transport, and chemical speciation in enhanced springtime tropospheric ozone profile over Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; biomass burning emissions; pollutant transport ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; ATLANTIC; FOREST; FIRE; CO; SATELLITE; SURFACE; REGION; EVENTS AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) enhancements have been continuously observed over Hong Kong. We studied the O-3 enhancement events and assessed their relation to the springtime O-3 maximum in the lower troposphere over Hong Kong using a 6-year (1993 to 1999) ozonesonde data set. We identified the source regions of biomass burning emission, and established the chemical and transport characteristics of O-3-rich air masses in the enhanced O-3 profiles using satellite imagery, air trajectory and trace gas data measured on board the DC-8 aircraft during the PEM-West-B experiment. We identified a total of 39 O-3 enhancement events, among which 35 events (90%) occurred from late February to May and 30 events (77%) had O-3 enhancement within the 2.0-6.0 km altitude. The excess O-3 in the O-3-rich layers adds an additional 12% of O-3 into the tropospheric O-3 column and results in an overall springtime O-3 maximum in the lower troposphere. Forward trajectory analysis suggests that the O-3-rich air masses over Hong Kong can reach central Pacific and the western coast of North America within 10 days. Back air trajectories show that the O-3-rich air masses in the enhanced profiles pass over the Southeast (SE) Asia subcontinent, where active biomass burning occurs in the O-3 enhancement period. We identified the Indo-Burma region containing Burma, Laos and northern Thailand, and the Indian-Nepal region containing northern India and Nepal as the two most active regions of biomass burning emissions in the SE Asia subcontinent. Ozone and trace gas measurement on board the DC-8 aircraft revealed that O-3-rich air masses are found over many parts of the tropical SE Asia and subtropical western Pacific regions and they have similar chemical characteristics. The accompanying trace gas measurements suggest that the O-3-rich air masses are rich in biomass burning tracer, CH3Cl, but not the general urban emission tracers. We thus believe that the springtime O-3 enhancement over Hong Kong is as a result of transport of photochemical O-3 produced from biomass burning emissions from the upwind SE Asian continent. The large-scale enhancements of O-3 in tropical SE Asia and the subtropical western Pacific rim that result from SE Asian biomass burning activities such as presented here thus are of atmospheric importance and deserve further research efforts. C1 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Chan, CY (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM cececychan@polyu.edu.hk; celychan@polyu.edu.hk; Joyce.M.Harris@noaa.gov; Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov; dblake@orion.oac.uci.edu; qinyu@pku.edu.cn; zhengyg@water.pku.edu.cn; zhengxd@cams.cma.gov.cn NR 34 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4015 DI 10.1029/2001JD001555 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LP UT WOS:000181554000001 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE AF Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE TI A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model - 2. Model evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE multiplayer; biochemical; dry; deposition; model ID CO2; TRANSPIRATION; NITROGEN AB The multilayer biochemical dry deposition model (MLBC) described in the accompanying paper was tested against half-hourly eddy correlation data from six field sites under a wide range of climate conditions with various plant types. Modeled CO2, O-3, SO2, and H2O (latent heat) fluxes were compared with measurements. Model outputs have good correlations with measurements at all locations. Correlation coefficients between model outputs and measurements at all sites range from 0.72 to 0.96 for CO2 flux, from 0.84 to 0.98 for H2O flux, from 0.77 to 0.95 for O-3 flux, and from 0.36 to 0.86 for SO2 flux. Model sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the variation of model outputs due to measurement errors of input variables and to changes of environmental conditions such as changes in weather conditions. The MLBC outputs were also compared with outputs from the Multilayer Model (MLM) model [Meyers et al., 1998] and the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) [Wesely, 1989] at two typical sites. Comparisons show that the MLBC performs better than the other two models. The model is suitable for use in nationwide dry deposition networks, for example, the Clean Air Status And Trends Network (CASTNet). It can be used to assist in describing total pollutant loadings to major ecosystems. With some modifications, the model may also be suitable for inclusion in region (meso-) scale numerical models, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA-GSFC Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ywu@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4014 DI 10.1029/2002JD002306 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LP UT WOS:000181554000003 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE AF Wu, YH Brashers, B Finkelstein, PL Pleim, JE TI A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model - 1. Model formulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE multilayer; biochemical; dry; deposition; model ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; VEGETATION; HEAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SURFACES; LEAVES; PARAMETERIZATION AB A multilayer biochemical dry deposition model has been developed based on the NOAA Multilayer Model (MLM; Meyers et al. [1998]) to study gaseous exchanges between the soil, plants, and the atmosphere. Most of the parameterizations and submodels have been updated or replaced. The numerical integration was improved, and an aerodynamic resistance based on Monin-Obukhov theory was added. An appropriate parameterization for the leaf boundary layer resistance was chosen. A biochemical stomatal resistance model was chosen based on comparisons of four different existing stomatal resistance schemes. It describes photosynthesis and respiration and their coupling with stomatal resistance for sunlit and shaded leaves separately. Various aspects of the photosynthetic process in both C-3 and C-4 plants are considered in the model. To drive the photosynthesis model, the canopy radiation scheme has been updated. Leaf area index measurements are adjusted to account for stem area index. A normalized soil water stress factor was applied to potential photosynthesis to account for plant response to both drought and water-logging stresses. A new cuticle resistance model was derived based on membrane passive transport theory and Fick's first law. It accounts for the effects of diffusivity and solubility of specific gases in the cuticle membrane, as well as the thickness of the cuticle membrane. The model is designed for use in the nationwide dry deposition networks, for example, the Clean Air Status And Trends Network (CASTNet), and mesoscale models, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) and even the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA-GSFC Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ywu@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4013 DI 10.1029/2002JD002293 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LP UT WOS:000181554000002 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML AF Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML TI Relationships between size-specific sediment preferences and burial capabilities in juveniles of two Alaska flatfishes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; behavior; sediment; halibut; rock sole; crypsis ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; WINTER FLOUNDER; BURYING ABILITY; KODIAK-ISLAND; GRAIN-SIZE; BERING SEA; SELECTION; HABITAT; PREDATION AB Laboratory experiments with juvenile Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt) (31-150 min TL) and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra Orr and Matarese) (15-150 mm TL) were conducted to examine relationships between sediment preference, burial performance, and general morphological characteristics. Both species demonstrated significant size-dependent changes in sediment choices during the first year of life. Highest sediment selectivity occurred in the smallest individuals of both species. There was a strong positive relationship between sediment choice and ability to bury quickly and completely, although the choices made by rock sole were less specific than those of comparably sized halibut and were less closely concordant with burial capability. In both species, fish >80 mm TL were relatively nonselective, except that they avoided sediments with the largest grain size (i.e., granules and pebbles). Pacific halibut have narrower, more powerful bodies than rock sole and were stronger burrowers than rock sole. Rock sole were more cryptic than halibut in general locomotion and color-matching capability, and appear to depend to a lesser extent on burial for survival than do halibut. Association with sediment is the first line of defense for juvenile flatfishes, and the relationships shift rapidly with fish size during the first year of benthic life. Therefore, habitat descriptions and models for young post-settlement, flatfishes need to be made for narrow size classes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 101 AR PII S0022-0981(02)00447-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00447-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635UM UT WOS:000180417900006 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Dvorak, J Jirsak, T Liu, G Hrbek, J Aray, Y Gonzalez, C AF Rodriguez, JA Dvorak, J Jirsak, T Liu, G Hrbek, J Aray, Y Gonzalez, C TI Coverage effects and the nature of the metal-sulfur bond in S/Au(111): High-resolution photoemission and density-functional studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; DEFINED GOLD PARTICLES; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; POPULATION ANALYSIS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; AU(111) SURFACE AB The bonding of sulfur to surfaces of gold is an important subject in several areas of chemistry, physics, and materials science. Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission and first-principles density-functional (DF) slab calculations were used to study the interaction of sulfur with a well-defined Au(111) surface and polycrystalline gold. Our experimental and theoretical results show a complex behavior for the sulfur/Au(111) interface as a function of coverage and temperature. At small sulfur coverages, the adsorption of S on fcc hollow sites of the gold substrate is energetically more favorable than adsorption on bridge or a-top sites. Under these conditions, S behaves as a weak electron acceptor but substantially reduces the density-of-states that gold exhibits near the Fermi edge. As the sulfur coverage increases, there is a weakening of the Au-S bonds (with a simultaneous reduction in the Au --> S charge transfer and a modification in the S sp hybridization) that facilitates changes in adsorption site and eventually leads to S-S bonding. At sulfur coverages above 0.4 ML, S-2 and not atomic S is the more stable species on the gold surface. Formation of S-n (n > 2) species occurs at sulfur coverages higher than a monolayer. Very similar trends were observed for the adsorption of sulfur on polycrystalline surfaces of gold. The S atoms bonded to Au(111) display a unique mobility/reactivity not seen on surfaces of early or late transition metals. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 91 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1021/ja021007e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 632MQ UT WOS:000180227400046 PM 12515530 ER PT J AU Gloor, M Gruber, N Sarmiento, J Sabine, CL Feely, RA Rodenbeck, C AF Gloor, M Gruber, N Sarmiento, J Sabine, CL Feely, RA Rodenbeck, C TI A first estimate of present and preindustrial air-sea CO2 flux patterns based on ocean interior carbon measurements and models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; HEAT AB The exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface is a main determinant of the distribution of atmospheric CO2 from which major conclusions about the carbon cycle are drawn, yet our knowledge of atmosphere-ocean fluxes still has major gaps. A new analysis based on recent ocean dissolved inorganic carbon data and on models permits us to separately estimate the preindustrial and present air-sea CO2 flux distributions without requiring knowledge of the gas exchange coefficient. We find a smaller carbon sink at mid to high latitudes of the southern hemisphere than previous data based estimates and a shift of ocean uptake to lower latitude regions compared to estimates and simulations. The total uptake of anthropogenic CO2 for 1990 is 1.8 (+/-0.4) Pg C yr(-1). Our ocean based results support the interpretation of the latitudinal distribution of atmospheric CO2 data as evidence for a large northern hemisphere land carbon sink. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gloor, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Carl Zeiss Promenade 10, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1010 DI 10.1029/2002GL015594 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655GR UT WOS:000181543400002 ER PT J AU Stutzke, N Burkett, SL Russek, SE AF Stutzke, N Burkett, SL Russek, SE TI Temperature and field dependence of high-frequency magnetic noise in spin valve devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; FLUCTUATIONS; PERMALLOY AB The high-frequency noise of micrometer-dimension spin valve devices has been measured as a function of applied field and temperature. The data are well fit with single-domain noise models that predict that the noise power is proportional to the imaginary part of the transverse magnetic susceptibility. The fits to the susceptibility yield the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency and the magnetic damping parameter. The resonant frequency increases, from 2.1 to 3.2 GHz, as the longitudinal field varies from -2 to 4 mT and increases from 2.2 to 3.3 GHz as the temperature decreases from 400 to 100 K. The shift in the FMR frequency with temperature is larger than that expected from the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization, indicating that other temperature-dependent anisotropy energies are present, in addition to the dominant magnetostatic energies. The measured magnetic damping parameter alpha decreases from 0.016 to 0.006 as the temperature decreases from 400 to 100 K. The value of the damping parameter shows a peak as a function of longitudinal bias field, indicating that there is no strict correlation between the damping parameter and the resonant frequency. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Russek, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 91 EP 93 DI 10.1063/1.1534386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 630WV UT WOS:000180134100031 ER PT J AU Li, XL Sarris, TE Baker, DN Peterson, WK Singer, HJ AF Li, XL Sarris, TE Baker, DN Peterson, WK Singer, HJ TI Simulation of energetic particle injections associated with a substorm on August 27, 2001 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY; MODEL; ION AB Discrete injections of energetic electrons and ions and their subsequent drift echoes were observed shortly after 0410 UT on August 27, 2001 by three geosynchronous satellites which were arrayed on the dayside. The GOES-8 spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit near local midnight, the four-satellite CLUSTER constellation also near local midnight. Concurrent and POLAR was at two hours after midnight. The observations from this suite of satellites provide the basis of information and constraints for us to model the particle injections. The simulations with test-particle simulations, reproduce both the observed electron and ion injections and subsequent drift echoes. Our simulation results support the idea that the energetic particle injections into the inner magnetosphere are a consequence of near-Earth magnetic reconnection. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 AR 1004 DI 10.1029/2002GL015967 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 654KD UT WOS:000181495000004 ER PT J AU Konopka, P Grooss, JU Gunther, G McKenna, DS Muller, R Elkins, JW Fahey, D Popp, P AF Konopka, P Grooss, JU Gunther, G McKenna, DS Muller, R Elkins, JW Fahey, D Popp, P TI Weak impact of mixing on chlorine deactivation during SOLVE/THESEO 2000: Lagrangian modeling (CLaMS) versus ER-2 in situ observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE mixing; ozone loss; Lagrangian modeling; SOLVE/THESEO 2000; stratospheric diffusion; stratospheric transport ID POLAR OZONE LOSS; STRATOSPHERE CLAMS; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; ADVECTION; AIRCRAFT; VORTEX; FORMULATION; TURBULENCE; DEPLETION; PROFILES AB [1] During the second and third segment of the SOLVE campaign in February and March 2000, the Arctic polar vortex began to be disturbed by planetary waves and upper stratospheric warming events. The perturbations of the vortex were associated with transport of air from low and middle latitudes into the polar region. Filaments with a lifetime exceeding two weeks were generated in regions of strong baroclinicity and peeled off the vortex edge. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) is used for the interpretation of filamentary structures in chemical tracer fields measured on board the ER-2 during the March flights across the edge of the polar vortex. Both the mixing and the impact of mixing on the chemistry are considered. The isentropic version of CLaMS is initialized on 10 February at four isentropic levels: theta = 400, 425, 450, and 475 K. A comparison of the measured CH4/Halon-1211 correlation curves and time series with corresponding CLaMS results obtained for spatial resolution of about 45 km indicates weak mixing between vortex and midlatitude air without pronounced anomalous mixing events. Thus the Arctic vortex in the altitude range 400-475 K was well isolated during the considered period without significant mass exchange across the vortex edge. The mixing intensity in CLaMS is controlled by the finite time Lyapunov exponent lambda measuring the deformation rate of the horizontal wind and switching on mixing in the flow regions where lambda exceeds a critical value lambda(c). The CLaMS simulations suggest a temporally and spatially inhomogeneous mixing in the lower stratosphere with a lateral (across the wind) effective diffusion coefficient of the order 10(3) m(2) s(-1). The amount of ClONO2 formed due to chemistry induced by mixing of the activated vortex air with NOx-rich midlatitude air does not exceed 3%. The impact of mixing on the accumulated ozone loss is less than 1%. The ClONO2 collar observed during the flight on 11 March can be understood as a result of deactivation of ClOx through the NOx produced owing to the chemical decomposition of HNO3 without a significant contribution of mixing with NOx-rich midlatitude air. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICG 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Konopka, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Stratospher Chem ICG 1, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.konopka@fz-juelich.de; j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de; g.guenther@fz-juelich.de; danny@acd.ucar.edu; ro.mueller@fz-juelich.de; jelkins@cmdl.noaa.gov; fahey@al.noaa.gov; ppopp@al.noaa.gov RI Guenther, Gebhard/K-7583-2012; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; McKenna, Daniel/E-7806-2014; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Guenther, Gebhard/0000-0003-4111-6221; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; McKenna, Daniel/0000-0002-4360-4782; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8324 DI 10.1029/2001JD00876 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 654ML UT WOS:000181500600001 ER PT J AU Hite, DA Tang, SJ Sprunger, PT AF Hite, DA Tang, SJ Sprunger, PT TI Reactive epitaxy of beryllium on Si(111)-(7 x 7) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICIDE FORMATION; SURFACE; GROWTH AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoelectron spectroscopy. (PES) have been used to investigate the nucleation, growth, and structure of beryllium on Si(1 1 1)-(7 x 7). STM indicates that a chemical reaction occurs at temperatures as low as 120 K, resulting in a nano-clustered morphology, presumed to. be composed of A beryllium silicide compound. Upon annealing to higher temperatures, PES data indicate that beryllium diffuses into the selvage region. High temperature annealing (- 117 5 K) results in the formation of a universal ring cluster structure suggesting a Be-Si bond length less than 2.5 Angstrom, in agreement with previous calculations regarding hypothetical Be2Si. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hite, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MC 816-01, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2003 VL 367 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 135 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01637-8 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01637-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 633GB UT WOS:000180273300019 ER PT B AU Knight, S AF Knight, S BE Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z Singh, R TI Overview of NIST metrology development for the semiconductor industry SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP IEEE ID ABSOLUTE REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; THERMAL COEFFICIENTS; NM AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology metrology development for the semiconductor industry and its supporting infrastructure is a broad set of programs directed at many of the critical metrology needs. This paper will give examples of specific projects addressing needs in lithography, critical dimension metrology, gate dielectric characterization, interconnect materials evaluation wafer surface inspection, mass flow controller calibration, and manufacturing support. The paper will emphasize the role collaboration with industry plays in project selection, project success, and transfer to industry. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knight, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7874-1 PY 2003 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1109/RTP.2003.1249121 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX81Z UT WOS:000186519400004 ER PT B AU Tsai, BK AF Tsai, BK BE Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z Singh, R TI Traceable temperature calibrations of radiation thermometers for rapid thermal processing SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP IEEE AB Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) have been successfully calibrated at NIST for rapid thermal processing (RTP) applications using a sodium heat-pipe blackbody (Na-HPBB) between 700degreesC and 900degreesC with an uncertainty of about 0.3degreesC (k = 1) traceable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Using appropriate effective emissivity models, LPRTs have been used to determine the wafer temperature in the NIST RTP Test Bed with an uncertainty of 3.5degreesC. With the aid of a thin-film thermocouple wafer, the LPRT can measure the wafer temperature in the NIST RTP Test Bed with an uncertainty of 2.1degreesC. In RTP reactors where optical access is available, spot-type radiation thermometers (STRTs) become an attractive technique for temperature measurement. From 700degreesC to 900degreesC, STRTs can be calibrated against the Na-HPBB with an uncertainty of about 1.1degreesC. Cable-less LPRTs (CLRTs) offer a decisive advantage to greater traceability than traditional LPRTs. Application of CLRTs eliminates 2.0degreesC or more uncertainty from the calibration scheme. The Na-HPBB source and the calibration procedures and uncertainties will be discussed. Calibrating radiation thermometers using the NIST Na-HPBB offers traceability to the ITS-90, decreases temperature measurement uncertainties, and improves temperature accuracy. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsai, BK (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7874-1 PY 2003 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1109/RTP.2003.1249129 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX81Z UT WOS:000186519400012 ER PT B AU Kreider, KG Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Kimes, WA Tsai, BK AF Kreider, KG Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Kimes, WA Tsai, BK BE Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z Singh, R TI Lightpipe proximity effects on Si wafer temperature in rapid thermal processing tools SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP IEEE AB Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) are used as temperature monitoring sensors in rapid thermal processing (RTP) tools for semiconductor fabrication. In order to assure uniform wafer temperatures during processing these RTP tools generally have highly reflecting chamber walls to promote a uniform heat flux on the wafer. To minimize disturbances in the chamber reflectivity small, 2 mm diameter, sapphire lightpipes are often the temperature sensor of choice. This study was undertaken to measure and model the effect of LPRT proximity on the wafer temperature. Our experiments were performed in the NIST RTP test bed. We measured the spectral radiance temperature with the center lightpipe and compared these with the three LPRTs at the mid-radius of the wafer and the thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) junctions of a NIST calibration wafer. Depressions in the wafer temperature up to 25 degreesC with the lightpipe at 2 mm spacing were observed. A finite-element radiation model of the wafer-chamber-lightpipe was developed to predict the temperature depression as a function of proximity distance and separation distance. The experimental results were compared with those from a model that accounts for lightpipe geometry and radiative properties, wafer emissivity and chamber cold plate reflectivity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kreider, KG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7874-1 PY 2003 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1109/RTP.2003.1249133 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX81Z UT WOS:000186519400015 ER PT B AU Early, EA AF Early, EA BE Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z Singh, R TI Room temperature hemispherical and bi-directional reflectances SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP IEEE AB The emissivity of a material is conveniently determined from its reflectance, which is turn can be used to validate optical models for estimating emissivity at high temperatures. The Optical Technology Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology maintains the national reference instruments for measurements of reflectance. Within the Division, the Spectrophotometry project is responsible for reflectance measurements at wavelengths from 250 run to 2500 nm on non-fluorescent materials at room temperature. The reflecting properties of a material can be categorized as either specular (mirror-like) or diffuse. In addition, the reflectance depends upon the geometry of the measurement. In general, the reflectance of a specular material is measured using a bi-directional geometry (incident and reflected radiant flux at fixed directions) while a diffuse material is measured using a directional-hemispherical geometry (incident or reflected radiant flux at a fixed direction, the other flux at all directions). The Spectrophotometry project has reference and commercial instruments for measurements at both geometries, with uncertainties (k = 2) in reflectance of approximately 0.2% for specular materials and 0.4% for diffuse materials. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Early, EA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7874-1 PY 2003 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1109/RTP.2003.1249134 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX81Z UT WOS:000186519400016 ER PT B AU Hanssen, LM Khromchenko, V Mekhontsev, SN AF Hanssen, LM Khromchenko, V Mekhontsev, SN BE Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z Singh, R TI Temperature dependent emissivity metrology development at NIST in support of RTP needs SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP IEEE ID REFLECTANCE AB Measurement instrumentation and methodology for temperature dependent emissivity of solid materials are under development in NIST's Fourier Transform Spectrophotometry Laboratory. The effort is directed to support US industrial needs for emissivity data and standards for a broad range of applications including rapid thermal processing (RTP). The measurement approach and instrumentation design for several systems under construction are described. In particular, a vacuum goniometer for reflectance and transmittance measurement has been designed for the characterization of the emissivity of RTP samples. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanssen, LM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7874-1 PY 2003 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1109/RTP.2003.1249135 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BX81Z UT WOS:000186519400017 ER PT B AU Garner, ST AF Garner, ST GP ams TI A topographic drag closure with analytical base flux SO 14TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GRAVITY-WAVES; PARAMETRIZATION; OROGRAPHY C1 Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Garner, ST (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBB59 UT WOS:000224565100036 ER PT B AU Sun, DZ Zhang, T Shin, SI AF Sun, DZ Zhang, T Shin, SI GP ams TI The effect of subtropical/extratropical cooling on ENSO: A numerical study SO 14TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; OCEAN; MODEL C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BBB59 UT WOS:000224565100049 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, R GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A policy validation framework for enterprise authorization specification SO 19TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Computer Security Conference CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Appl Comp Secur Assoc AB The validation of enterprise authorization specification for conformance to enterprise security policies requires an out-of-band framework in many situations since the enforcing access control mechanism does not provide this feature. In this paper we describe one such framework. The framework uses XML to encode the enterprise authorization specification, XML Schema to specify the underlying access control model (which in our case is the Role-based Access control Model (RBA C)) and Schematron language to encode the policy constraints. The conformance of the XML-encoded enterprise authorization specification to the structure of the RBAC model (specified through XML Schema) as well as the policy constaints (specified through Schematron) are verified through a Schematron Validator tool. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2041-3 PY 2003 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1109/CSAC.2003.1254336 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BY30W UT WOS:000188867300032 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Luo, Y McLean, C AF Lee, YT Luo, Y McLean, C BE Guerri, JC Pajares, A Palau, C TI An interface data model supporting manufacturing simulation SO 1ST INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION CONFERENCE 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Industrial Simulation Conference CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, SPAIN SP European Simulat Soc, Ghent Univ, ENSAIT HO Univ Politecn Valencia DE data exchange; information model; machine shop operations; simulation AB Simulation technology is underutilized by the manufacturing industry. Standard data interfaces, among simulation modules or between simulation and other software applications, could make information sharing effective and efficient, and hence promote utilization of simulators. An information model that represents machine shop data and facilitates data sharing among the manufacturing execution system, the scheduling system and the simulation system modules in a machine shop has been under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A set of relational database tables representing all elements in the information model is being developed. The model will be used to support the integration of software applications at a pilot machine shop located in Pittsburgh, PA. The information modeling project is part of efforts that support the development of standard data interfaces. This paper presents an overview of the information model, the mapping from the information model to relational database tables, and the future project plan. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leet@cme.nist.gov; luoyan@cme.nist.gov; mclean@cme.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-03-1 PY 2003 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCN28 UT WOS:000230139700049 ER PT B AU Wang, FW Khatri, CA Hsii, JF AF Wang, FW Khatri, CA Hsii, JF GP ASME TI Polymer-filled calcium phosphate cement: Mechanical properties and controlled release of growth factor SO 2003 ADVANCES IN BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 15-21, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Fluid Power Syst & Technol Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div, ASME, Mfg Engn Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div AB Novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was developed by incorporating pore-forming particulates (porogens) to induce macropores and proteins to stimulate bone growth. A paste was made from CPC powder (0.15 g, equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate), biodegradable polymer microspheres [0.1 g, volume fraction of 0.6, (0.17 to 0.36) mm in diameter], and 0.062 g of water. Disks for determining diametral tensile strength (DTS) and mass loss were prepared from the paste in a mold at 37 degreesC. Disks for the release of a protein were similarly prepared using a solution of the protein, and biodegradable polymer microspheres or water-soluble crystals (mannitol or salicylic acid) as porogens. The disks were immersed at 37 degreesC in an aqueous solution in order to quantify the effects of the solution on DTS and mass loss, as well as the release of the protein into the solution. The initial DTS value for the disks was (6.4 +/- 0.9) MPa. The release of the protein from the CPC/porogen disks persisted for at least 300 h. The release rate of Protein A from the CPC/mannitol disks increased with the volume fraction of mannitol crystals. At a fixed volume fraction of porogens, the release rate of TGF-beta1 from the CPC/porogen disks increased with the dissolution rate of the porogens. Thus, the release of a protein from composite grafts consisting of CPC and porogens can be modulated by the volume fraction and the dissolution rate of the porogens. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, FW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3710-6 PY 2003 BP 399 EP 400 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Mechanics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Engineering; Mechanics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BAL07 UT WOS:000222660500187 ER PT B AU Baker-Jarvis, J AF Baker-Jarvis, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Projection-operator based statistical mechanical theory of local and macroscopic electromagnetic fields SO 2003 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB I study the origins of the applied, macroscopic, and local electromagnetic fields by a statistical-mechanical method. In order to obtain the macroscopic fields from the microscopic fields I use a relevant statistical-density function for ensemble averaging. I present novel equations for the time-dependent local fields as functions of the applied field, polarization, and macroscopic field. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7910-1 PY 2003 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254959 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BX92E UT WOS:000186828000178 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Ban, K AF Gharavi, H Ban, K GP IEEE TI Cross-layer feedback control for video communications via mobile ad-hoc networks SO 2003 IEEE 58TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS1-5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2003) CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE VTS DE RTP video; H.264/AVC; mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET); IEEE 802.11; WLAN; testbed AB This paper presents a cross-layer feedback control scheme for video communications over unstructured mobile networks for tactical operations. A peer-to-peer mobile ad-hoc network has been considered for the experimental testbed. Since ad-hoc networks can suffer greatly from heavy packet loss, in a multihop transmission we have considered a number of protection schemes to maximize the perceived quality of the video signal. In particular, we developed a rate control as well as a packet recovery scheme based on the network characteristics derived from the underlying ad-hoc routing protocol. In addition, to further enhance the quality of service, a redundant packet transmission scheme is presented for lossy recovery of the missing packets. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7954-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2003 BP 2941 EP 2945 DI 10.1109/VETECF.2003.1286162 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAD40 UT WOS:000221662300595 ER PT B AU Miller, LE AF Miller, LE GP IEEE TI Models for UWB pulses and their effects on narrowband direct conversion receivers SO 2003 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ULTRA WIDEBAND SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Ultra-Wideband Systems and Technologies CY NOV 16-19, 2003 CL RESTON, VA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, VA Tech Mobile & Portable Radio Res Grp, IEEE No Va Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Intel AB A methodology is shown for predicting the effect of pulsed UWB communication waveforms on direct conversion quadrature (I/Q) receivers at baseband by analysis or simulation, making use of mathematical models of UWB pulses, of which several examples are given. The unique characteristics of UWB pulses are used to derive predictions of the UWB interference at baseband using both time- and frequency-domain calculations of the baseband filter's response to the pulses. The final result of this analysis is an estimate of the rise in receiver noise level due to the UWB interference. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8187-4 PY 2003 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY30U UT WOS:000188866600020 ER PT B AU Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Grosvenor, CA Canales, N Veneman, JG AF Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Grosvenor, CA Canales, N Veneman, JG GP IEEE TI Time-domain measurements of radiated and conducted ultrawideband emissions SO 2003 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ULTRA WIDEBAND SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Ultra-Wideband Systems and Technologies CY NOV 16-19, 2003 CL RESTON, VA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, VA Tech Mobile & Portable Radio Res Grp, IEEE No Va Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Intel DE amplitude spectrum; anechoic chamber; biconical antenna; conducted emission; frequency domain; radiated emission; TEM horn antenna; transient digitizer; time domain; ultrawideband (UWB) AB This paper summarizes results obtained from time-domain full-bandwidth emissions measurements of selected ultrawideband (UWB) transmitting devices. Brief descriptions of two NIST-developed measurement systems are provided. High-fidelity time-domain waveforms are shown, along with associated amplitude spectra for several devices. Results are shown for both conducted and radiated emissions from UWB devices. C1 NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnk, RT (reprint author), NIST, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8187-4 PY 2003 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY30U UT WOS:000188866600049 ER PT S AU Berning, D Reichl, J Heffner, A Hernandez, M Ellenwood, C Lai, JS AF Berning, D Reichl, J Heffner, A Hernandez, M Ellenwood, C Lai, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI High speed IGBT module transient thermal response measurements for model validation SO 2003 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: CROSSROADS TO INNOVATIONS SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB A test system is introduced and applied for validation of dynamic electro-thermal models of multi-chip insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules. The test system operates the IGBT in a pulsed high power active mode with controlled current and voltage. The gate-cathode voltage is used as a time-dependent temperature sensitive parameter (TSP). The TSP is calibrated versus temperature with a temperature controlled test fixture using short pulses that do not result in self heating. It is shown that the temperature calibrations for the TSP must be performed on the same IGBT, and under the same conditions for which a transient measurement is to be made. Heating transient measurements are made for both multiple paralleled chips and for a single isolated chip in the same module. Comparisons between measurements of the single IGBT chip and paralleled chips indicate that current sharing is adequate for high-current, low-voltage heating conditions but is not adequate for high-voltage, low-current conditions. Model validation results indicate good performance of a previously developed IGBT electro-thermal model for the range of heating rates tested. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berning, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-7883-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2003 BP 1826 EP 1832 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY14W UT WOS:000187891400266 ER PT S AU Stanford, V Garofolo, J Galibert, O Michel, M Laprun, C AF Stanford, V Garofolo, J Galibert, O Michel, M Laprun, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The NIST Smart Space and Meeting Room projects: Signals, acquisition, annotation, and metrics SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS: SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS SPECIAL SESSIONS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Pervasive Computing devices, sensors, and networks, provide infrastructure for context aware smart meeting rooms that sense ongoing human activities and respond to them. This requires advances in areas including networking, distributed computing, sensor data acquisition, signal processing, speech recognition, human identification, and natural language processing. Open interoperability and metrology standards for the sensor and recognition technologies can aid R&D programs in making these advances. The NIST Smart Space and Meeting Room projects are developing tools for data formats, transport, distributed processing, and metadata. We are using them to create annotated multi modal research corpora and measurement algorithms for smart meeting rooms, which we are making available to the research and development community. C1 NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stanford, V (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, 225 Technol Bldg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7663-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2003 BP 736 EP 739 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX49B UT WOS:000185462000185 ER PT B AU Mills, K Dabrowski, C AF Mills, K Dabrowski, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive jitter control for UPnP m-search SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5: NEW FRONTIERS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY MAY 11-15, 2003 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Commun Soc, AT&T Alascom, Hotel Captain Cook, GCI, New Horizons, PanAmSat, SES Americom, Tellabs, Univ Alaska Anchorage AB Selected service-discovery systems allow clients to issue multicast queries to locate network devices and services. Qualifying devices and services respond directly to clients; thus, in a large network, potential exists for responses to implode on a client, overrunning available resources. To limit implosion, one service-discovery system, UPnP, permits clients to include a jitter bound in multicast (M-Search) queries. Qualifying devices use the jitter bound to randomize timing of their responses. Initially, clients lack sufficient knowledge to select an appropriate jitter bound, which varies with network size. In this paper, we characterize the performance of UPnP M-Search for various combinations of jitter bound and network size. In addition, we evaluate the performance and costs of four algorithms that might be used for adaptive jitter control. Finally, we suggest an alternative to M-Search for large networks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mills, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7802-4 PY 2003 BP 1008 EP 1013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW96Y UT WOS:000183802400192 ER PT B AU Golmie, N Rebala, O AF Golmie, N Rebala, O GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Techniques to improve the performance of TCP in a mixed Bluetooth and WLAN environment SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5: NEW FRONTIERS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY MAY 11-15, 2003 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Commun Soc, AT&T Alascom, Hotel Captain Cook, GCI, New Horizons, PanAmSat, SES Americom, Tellabs, Univ Alaska Anchorage DE WPANs; bluetooth; interference; MAC scheduling; TCP performance AB A major challenge for the WLAN technology stems from having to share the 2.4 GHz ISM band with other wireless devices such as Bluetooth radios. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the use of techniques to mitigate the effects of interference for Bluetooth and WLAN and discuss the resulting performance trade-offs. We compare the performance of the Bluetooth and WLAN systems and evaluate how each technique improves or degrades TCP performance. Simulation results for selected scenarios and configurations of interest are obtained and the performance of Bluetooth and WLAN is measured in terms of packet loss, TCP throughput and delay. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7802-4 PY 2003 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW96Y UT WOS:000183802400223 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Network provisioning as a game against nature - A multicommodity network flow model under uncertain demands SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5: NEW FRONTIERS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY MAY 11-15, 2003 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Commun Soc, AT&T Alascom, Hotel Captain Cook, GCI, New Horizons, PanAmSat, SES Americom, Tellabs, Univ Alaska Anchorage DE robust network provisioning; uncertain demands; game against nature AB Traditional approaches to network provisioning assume availability of the reliable estimates for the expected demands. This assumption, however, oversimplifies many practical situations when some incomplete information on the expected demands is available, and proper utilization of this information may improve the network performance. In a case of traffic engineering the uncertainty in the expected demands may be a result of sudden changes in the demand pattern, when significant statistical uncertainty in determining the varying demand pattern and possible undesirable transient effects make continuous adjustment of the routing algorithm to varying demands difficult. A long-term network provisioning, e.g., capacity planning, is a subject to uncertainties in the overall economic conditions. Despite the network may be capable of controlling demands through pricing, the overall economic conditions affect the price-demand curve. As the recent sharp downturn in the demand for communication bandwidth demonstrated, making long-term network planning decisions without assessing reliability of the underlying assumptions on the expected demands may lead to disastrous results. Assuming that the expected demand is an unknown mixture of some known scenarios, i.e., demand matrices, this paper proposes a framework for robust network provisioning by guarding against the worst case scenario with respect to the future demands. This framework can be interpreted as a game between the network, e.g., service provider, and nature. The service provider makes the network provisioning decisions in an attempt to minimize losses due to the uncertain future demands, while the nature selects a feasible demand matrix. Solution to this game balances risks of over and under provisioning of the network. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7802-4 PY 2003 BP 1631 EP 1635 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW96Y UT WOS:000183802400310 ER PT S AU Scholtz, J Bahrami, S AF Scholtz, J Bahrami, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Human-robot interaction: Development of an evaluation methodology for the bystander role of interaction SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03) CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE human-robot interaction; social interaction.; user roles; mental models; conceptual models; intelligent systems AB Various methods can be used for evaluating human-robot interaction. The appropriateness of those evaluation methodologies depends on the roles that people assume in interacting with robots. In this paper we focus on developing an evaluation strategy for the bystander role. In this role, the person has no training in interacting with the robot and must develop a menial model to co-exist in the same environment with the robot. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7952-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2003 BP 3212 EP 3217 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX83D UT WOS:000186578600525 ER PT B AU Koo, SM Zetterling, CM Ostling, M Khartsev, S Grishin, A AF Koo, SM Zetterling, CM Ostling, M Khartsev, S Grishin, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Multifunction integration of Junction-MOSFETs and nonvolatile FETs on a single 4H-SiC substrate for 300 degrees C operation SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 08-10, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; FREQUENCY; FIGURE; MERIT AB A novel integration of Junction-MOSFETs (JMOSFETs) and Nonvolatile FETs (NVFETs) on a single 4H-SiC substrate is presented. The SiC JMOSFET controls the drain current effectively from the buried junction gate thereby allowing for a constant current level at elevated temperatures. The SiC NVFET has similar functions with nonvolatile memory capability due to its ferroelectric gate stack. This work is the first report on the integration of fully functional SiC JMOSFETs and NVFETs on the same substrate up to 300 degreesC. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koo, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/E-5764-2015 OI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/0000-0001-8108-2631 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7872-5 PY 2003 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY39C UT WOS:000189158800132 ER PT S AU Hollberg, L Oates, C Diddams, S Wilpers, G Curtis, A Bartels, A Hoyt, C Ramond, T AF Hollberg, L Oates, C Diddams, S Wilpers, G Curtis, A Bartels, A Hoyt, C Ramond, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Optical clocks with cold atoms SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700001 ER PT S AU Jones, DJ Holman, KW Hudson, D Marian, A Ye, J Schlager, JB Ippen, EP AF Jones, DJ Holman, KW Hudson, D Marian, A Ye, J Schlager, JB Ippen, EP GP IEEE IEEE TI Using the phase coherence of carrier-envelope phase-stabilized fs lasers SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID CLOCK AB The carrier-envelope-phase-stabilization of femtosecond lasers has enabled new applications of ultrafast lasers. We will discuss our work on one such application: coherent locking of 1550-nm mode-locked sources to optical atomic clocks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700200 ER PT S AU Crowley, TP Donley, EA Heavner, TP Juroshek, JR Riddle, BF AF Crowley, TP Donley, EA Heavner, TP Juroshek, JR Riddle, BF BE Thal, H TI Development of a quantum based microwave power measurement SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S AB An initial proof-of-principle experiment to measure microwave power based on quantum mechanical principles is presented. An RF magnetic field causes laser-cooled cesium atoms to oscillate between two hyperfine levels at a rate proportional to the field strength. The populations vary as predicted with relative microwave intensity and duration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Crowley, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2003 BP 1427 EP 1430 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100387 ER PT S AU Remley, KA Williams, DF AF Remley, KA Williams, DF BE Thal, H TI Sampling oscilloscope models and calibrations SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S ID TO-NOSE CALIBRATION; CIRCUIT MODEL AB We review the basic principles of operation of electrical sampling oscilloscopes and describe circuit models developed to design, characterize, and help explain their operation. We survey common oscilloscope calibration schemes that correct for finite oscilloscope impulse response, distortion and jitter in the oscilloscope time base, and impedance mismatches. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 1507 EP 1510 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100405 ER PT S AU Williams, DF Wang, CM Arz, U AF Williams, DF Wang, CM Arz, U BE Thal, H TI An optimal multiline TRL calibration algorithm SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S ID TRANSMISSION-LINE CHARACTERIZATION; NETWORK ANALYZER CALIBRATION; ACCURACY AB We examine the performance of two on-wafer multiline Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration algorithms: the popular multiline TRL algorithm implemented in the MultiCal(R) software package, and a newly implemented iterative algorithm designed to give optimal results in the presence of measurement noise. We show that the iterative algorithm outperforms the MultiCal software in the presence of measurement noise, and verify its uncertainty estimates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 1819 EP 1822 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100477 ER PT S AU Remley, KA AF Remley, KA BE Thal, H TI Multisine excitation for ACPR measurements SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S ID DESIGN AB We use a simulator to compare adjacent-channel power ratio (ACPR) measurements of a nonlinear device excited with various multisine signals to ACPR measurements of the same device excited with pseudorandom digital modulation. We examine four common types of multisine excitation, each with identical numbers of tones, tone-spacings, and nominal power levels, but with different magnitude and phase relationships between tones. We show that use of some common multisines may result in significant overestimation of the actual ACPR from the digitally modulated nonlinear device. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div 813 01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div 813 01, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 2141 EP 2144 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100553 ER PT B AU Stenbakken, GN Nelson, TL Waltrip, BC Bergman, DI AF Stenbakken, GN Nelson, TL Waltrip, BC Bergman, DI GP IEEE IEEE TI NIST program for traceable power and energy measurements under non-sinusoidal waveform conditions SO 2003 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE calibration systems; distorted power; international comparison; harmonic analysis; sampling system AB In response to industry requests to have calibration services for distorted power instrumentation, NIST is developing a new sampling system to provide this service. This development effort is aimed at providing calibration of instruments that will make measurements in accordance with the IEEE Trial Use Standard 1459-2000 on power measurements in distorted and unbalanced conditions. The system will make use of several NIST developed instruments and sensors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, EEEL,Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stenbakken, GN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, EEEL,Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7989-6 PY 2003 BP 95 EP 96 DI 10.1109/PES.2003.1267137 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY07E UT WOS:000187500300029 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Hill, DA Ladbury, JM Lammers, TM AF Holloway, CL Hill, DA Ladbury, JM Lammers, TM GP IEEE IEEE TI Assessing loaded reverberation chambers: Calculating threshold metrics SO 2003 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2003) CY AUG 18-22, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE EMC Soc, Rhode & Schwarz, Curtis Strauss LLC, Sigrity, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect, NA Inc, Dexter Magnet, Gateway Comp, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filters, TUV Amer AB In this paper we present two versions of a threshold metric of a loaded reverberation chamber. One metric is based on the chamber quality factor (Q), and the other is based on the volume of the loaded reverberation chamber. These metrics are baseline quantities that must be exceeded in order to have an effective reverberation chamber. We present an application of these metrics for the case of a reverberation chamber loaded with spheres composed of lossy materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7835-0 PY 2003 BP 834 EP 837 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX56M UT WOS:000185677200159 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Wilson, PF Koepke, G Candidi, M AF Holloway, CL Wilson, PF Koepke, G Candidi, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Total radiated power limits for emission measurements in a reverberation chamber SO 2003 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, SYMPOSIUM RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC 2003) CY AUG 18-22, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE EMC Soc, Rhode & Schwarz, Curtis Strauss LLC, Sigrity, ETS Lindgren, Murata Elect, NA Inc, Dexter Magnet, Gateway Comp, Int Certificat Serv, Opt Filters, TUV Amer AB In this paper we present a limit on total radiated power for emission measurements in reverberation chambers. This total radiated power limit is intended to be equivalent to the FCC maximum E-field limit for emission testing over a ground plane. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7835-0 PY 2003 BP 838 EP 843 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX56M UT WOS:000185677200160 ER PT B AU Kuhn, R Reilly, MJ AF Kuhn, R Reilly, MJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An investigation of the applicability of design of experiments to software testing SO 27TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD/IEEE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual NASA Goddard/IEEE Software Engineering Workshop (SEW-27 2002) CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Engn Lab ID COMBINATORIAL DESIGN AB Approaches to software testing based on methods from the field of design of experiments have been advocated as a means of providing high coverage at relatively low cost. Tools to generate all pairs, or higher n-degree combinations, of input values have been developed and demonstrated in a few applications, but little empirical evidence is available to aid developers in evaluating the effectiveness of these. tools for particular problems. In this paper we investigate error reports from two large open-source software projects, a browser and web server, to pro-vide preliminary answers to three questions: Is there a point of diminishing returns at which generating all n-degree combinations is nearly as effective as all n +1-degree combinations? What is the appropriate value of n for particular classes of software? Does this value differ for different types of software, and by how much? Our findings suggest that more than 95% of errors in the software studied would be defected by test cases that cover all 4-way combinations of values, and that the browser and server software were similar in the percentage of errors detectable by combinations of degree 2 through 6. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; michael.reilly@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1855-9 PY 2003 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1109/SEW.2002.1199454 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX82Y UT WOS:000186577600011 ER PT S AU Yin, L Ives, LK Jahanmir, S AF Yin, L Ives, LK Jahanmir, S BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Influence of grinding fluids on the abrasive machining of a micaceous glass ceramic SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Effects of different water-based grinding fluids on material removal rate, edge chipping damage and surface roughness in the abrasive machining of a micaceous glass, dental-type ceramic restorative material were investigated under simulated clinical-dental grinding conditions. Significant differences in removal rate were obtained among the fluids investigated, but only a 4 wt.% boric acid solution gave a higher removal rate than conventionally-used water without additives. Edge chipping damage was substantially lower for the 4 wt.% boric acid solution and an oil-emulsion coolant compared to other fluids tested. Surface roughness was independent of the fluid used. The results indicate that improvement can be achieved in both material removal rate and grinding damage by the appropriate choice of grinding coolant chemistry. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BY46D UT WOS:000189318200029 ER PT S AU Dobbins, TA Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG Jemian, PR Kulkarni, A Herman, H AF Dobbins, TA Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG Jemian, PR Kulkarni, A Herman, H BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Recent developments in the characterization of anisotropic void populations in thermal barrier coatings using ultra-small angle x-ray scattering SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PLASMA-SPRAYED DEPOSITS AB Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) have complex void microstructures which control their in-service properties. In the research reported here, ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) has been used to characterize anisotropic void populations in TBC's. A new analysis method has been developed for characterizing the voids in three dimensions. The anisotropy in the microstructure at a given length scale associated with a value of the scattering vector, \Q\ gives rise to changes in scattered intensity as a function of the sample orientation. By measuring the scattered intensity at fixed \Q\ as the sample is rotated about the beam, the distribution of the scattering population(s) at this length scale is determined. Using an anisotropic modeling method, the void orientation distribution, void size distribution, shape, volume fraction information is determined for up to four different void populations. This paper illustrates the use of three-dimensional anisotropic USAXS modeling for the analysis of scattering from voids in TBC microstructures deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dobbins, TA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Dobbins, Tabbetha/0000-0002-2427-3746 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 517 EP 524 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BY46D UT WOS:000189318200074 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Ives, LK Jahanmir, S AF Quinn, GD Ives, LK Jahanmir, S BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Machining damage cracks: How to find and characterize them by fractography SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SILICON-NITRIDE AB Machining cracks may control strength and performance of finished ceramics. Machining cracks previously had been thought to be difficult or impossible to detect and characterize, especially in toughened ceramics with interlocking grain microstructures that create rough fracture surfaces. New fractographic examinations have shown that machining damage leaves telltale markings on fracture surfaces that may be easily detected by fractographers using simple fractographic techniques. A comprehensive study with over 400 ground rods and rectangular bars was conducted on one commercial ceramic to study the effects of various machining conditions. Crack size and shape strongly depended upon the machining conditions, and in particular, on the grinding wheel grit size. In some instances, specimens broke from the material's inherent flaws and machining damage had no effect on strength. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY46E UT WOS:000189318400056 ER PT S AU Quinn, JB Lloyd, IK Katz, RN Quinn, GD AF Quinn, JB Lloyd, IK Katz, RN Quinn, GD BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Ceramic "machinability" - What does it mean? SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID INDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The relative "machinability" of high-tech ceramics is often mentioned in the literature, implying a generalized meaning of this term beyond context-specific applications. Many different indicators of general ceramic machinability exist, such as material removal rates or properties such as hardness. This study compares the general machinability of nine different ceramic materials, utilizing some of these suggested measurement approaches. Among the assessment techniques are grindability, susceptibility to edge chipping, various material properties and combined functions. The nine ceramics are also subjectively evaluated by experienced machinists from six specialty ceramic machine shops, utilizing a subjective scale suggested by one of the machinists. The relative importance of various factors influencing general ceramic machinability is discussed in light of the findings. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY46E UT WOS:000189318400074 ER PT B AU Williams, CR Kollias, P AF Williams, CR Kollias, P GP AMS TI Vertically profiles of rain drop size distributions estimated with S-band and W-band profilers SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID AIR MOTION; RADAR; CLOUD; MIE C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300001 ER PT B AU Xu, Q Wang, LL Nai, K AF Xu, Q Wang, LL Nai, K GP AMS TI Error covariance estimation for Doppler wind data assimilation SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 108 EP 109 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300031 ER PT B AU Lee, JL MacDonald, AE Kuo, YH Lee, WC Wang, W AF Lee, JL MacDonald, AE Kuo, YH Lee, WC Wang, W GP AMS TI Use of Doppler radar data for hurricane initialization and prediction SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DATA ASSIMILATION; DIVERGENCE; WIND C1 FSL, NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, JL (reprint author), FSL, NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 162 EP 164 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300047 ER PT B AU Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, S Schuur, TJ AF Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, S Schuur, TJ GP AMS TI Rainfall estimation with a polarimetric prototype of the operational WSR-88D radar SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; SHAPE C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300061 ER PT B AU Lin, JL Mapes, B AF Lin, JL Mapes, B GP AMS TI Statistical studies of single-Doppler datasets from several tropical convective regions and seasons SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB In this study, the radar manifestations of climatological differences seen in ISCCP cloud data are sought in the set of available samples from few-week sin,ale-Doppler data sets in special field programs, including TOGA COARE, JASTMINE, KWAJEX, SCSMEX, TEPPS, EPIC, and TRMM-LBA. Divergence profiles are calculated using VAD analysis when radar echoes are sufficiently plentiful, and vertical motion and latent heating profiles are also derived. These profiles, together with the reflectivity histo-rams (CFAD), will be compared for the different tropical convective regions and seasons. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300079 ER PT B AU Fulton, RA Ding, F Miller, DA AF Fulton, RA Ding, F Miller, DA GP AMS TI Truncation errors in historical WSR-88D rainfall products SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, WOHD12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fulton, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, WOHD12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 270 EP 273 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300080 ER PT B AU Manross, KL Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ AF Manross, KL Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ GP AMS TI Wsr-88D radar characteristics of quasi-linear convective system tornadoes using the NSSL severe storm analysis program SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DETECTION ALGORITHM C1 CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Manross, KL (reprint author), CIMMS, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300090 ER PT B AU Gourley, JJ Kaney, B Maddox, RA AF Gourley, JJ Kaney, B Maddox, RA GP AMS TI Evaluating the calibrations of radars: A software approach SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300132 ER PT B AU Ray, CA Miller, M Chrisman, JN AF Ray, CA Miller, M Chrisman, JN GP AMS TI Radar operations center data quality initiative SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300135 ER PT B AU O'Bannon, T Ding, F AF O'Bannon, T Ding, F GP AMS TI Continuing enhancement of the WSR-88D precipitation processing system SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RADAR; RAINFALL C1 NWS ROC, Applicat Branch, Norman, OK 73026 USA. RP O'Bannon, T (reprint author), NWS ROC, Applicat Branch, 1200 Westheimer Dr, Norman, OK 73026 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 486 EP 489 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300140 ER PT B AU Clarke, B Vasiloff, S AF Clarke, B Vasiloff, S GP AMS TI The identification and impact of AP/GC on quantitative precipitation estimates in mountainous terrain SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Clarke, B (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 530 EP 533 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300153 ER PT B AU Wood, VT Davies-Jones, RP Brown, RA AF Wood, VT Davies-Jones, RP Brown, RA GP AMS TI Time-dependent Burgers-Rott vortex as seen by a simulated Doppler radar SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TORNADO DETECTION; SIGNATURES C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300174 ER PT B AU Miller, DJ Burgess, DW AF Miller, DJ Burgess, DW GP AMS TI Terminal Doppler weather radar observations of a microburst SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Norman, OK USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), 1200 Westheimer,Room 101, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300178 ER PT B AU Zrnic, DS Ryzhkov, AV AF Zrnic, DS Ryzhkov, AV GP AMS TI Polarimetric properties of chaff SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RADAR C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 629 EP 631 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300181 ER PT B AU Shupe, MD Kollias, P AF Shupe, MD Kollias, P GP AMS TI Mixed-phase cloud retrievals using Doppler radar spectra SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ICE; SIZE C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 645 EP 648 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300186 ER PT B AU Torres, SM AF Torres, SM GP AMS TI Processing of staggered PRT sequences on the Koun research radar SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 746 EP 748 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300216 ER PT B AU Vasiloff, SV Clarke, B Dempsey, C AF Vasiloff, SV Clarke, B Dempsey, C GP AMS TI Verification of NSSL'S multisensor precipitation estimation techniques in Arizona SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Vasiloff, SV (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300221 ER PT B AU Buban, MS Ziegler, CL Rasmussen, EN AF Buban, MS Ziegler, CL Rasmussen, EN GP AMS TI The kinematic and thermodynamic effects of vorticies within a dryline SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Buban, MS (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 789 EP 792 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300228 ER PT B AU Ziegler, CL Rasmussen, EN Richardson, YP Rabin, RM Buban, MS AF Ziegler, CL Rasmussen, EN Richardson, YP Rabin, RM Buban, MS GP AMS TI Relation of radar-derived kinematic features and in-situ moisture to cumulus development on 24 May 2002 during IHOP SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ziegler, CL (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013 OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 796 EP 798 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300230 ER PT B AU Williams, CR Johnston, PE Clark, WL Gage, KS Carter, DA Kucera, PA AF Williams, CR Johnston, PE Clark, WL Gage, KS Carter, DA Kucera, PA GP AMS TI Vertically pointing profilers used to calibrate and monitor the reflectivity estimated by scanning radars SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 832 EP 834 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300241 ER PT B AU Pietrycha, AE Manross, KL AF Pietrycha, AE Manross, KL GP AMS TI WSR-88D analysis of vortices embedded within a surface low pressure trough and subsequent convection initiation SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Pietrycha, AE (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 835 EP 838 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300242 ER PT B AU Istok, MJ Elvander, R Saffle, R Roe, J AF Istok, MJ Elvander, R Saffle, R Roe, J GP AMS TI NEXRAD product improvement - Implementing new science SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Istok, MJ (reprint author), NWS, Off Sci & Technol, WOST32,1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 850 EP 853 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300246 ER PT B AU Zhang, J Howard, K Xia, WW Gourley, JJ AF Zhang, J Howard, K Xia, WW Gourley, JJ GP AMS TI Comparison of objective analysis schemes for the WSR-88D radar data SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 907 EP 910 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300263 ER PT B AU Zrnic, DS Zahrai, A AF Zrnic, DS Zahrai, A GP AMS TI Evolution of weather surveillance radars NSSL"s perspective SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 939 EP 941 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300272 ER PT B AU Reed, JR Evancho, D Fehlen, R AF Reed, JR Evancho, D Fehlen, R GP AMS TI Planned WSR-88D improvements SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NEXRAD Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Reed, JR (reprint author), NEXRAD Radar Operat Ctr, 3200 Marshall Ave, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 942 EP 944 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300273 ER PT B AU Crum, T Kelleher, K Cragg, P Barna, J Toepfer, F Blanchard, W Sandman, T Droegemeier, K Almes, G Miller, L AF Crum, T Kelleher, K Cragg, P Barna, J Toepfer, F Blanchard, W Sandman, T Droegemeier, K Almes, G Miller, L GP AMS TI Progress in implementing near real time collection, distribution, and archive of WSR-88D level II data SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NEXRAD Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Crum, T (reprint author), NEXRAD Radar Operat Ctr, 1200 Westheimer Dr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 945 EP 947 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300274 ER PT B AU Snow, JT Scott, RB AF Snow, JT Scott, RB GP AMS TI Strategic directions for WSR-88D Doppler weather surveillance radar in the period 2007-2025 SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NEXRAD Tech Advisory Comm, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Snow, JT (reprint author), NEXRAD Tech Advisory Comm, 1200 Westheimer Dr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 948 EP 951 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300275 ER PT B AU Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Ryzhkov, AV AF Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Ryzhkov, AV GP AMS TI The joint polarization experiment an operational demonstration of the polarimetric KOUNWSR-88D radar SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Schuur, TJ (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 952 EP 955 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300276 ER PT B AU Saffle, RE Elvander, RC Istok, MJ AF Saffle, RE Elvander, RC Istok, MJ GP AMS TI NEXRAD product improvement - Expanding science horizons SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saffle, RE (reprint author), 1325 East West Highway,SSMC2,Room 15130, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 956 EP 959 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300277 ER PT B AU Brown, RA Steadham, RM Flickinger, BA Wood, VT AF Brown, RA Steadham, RM Flickinger, BA Wood, VT GP AMS TI A new WSR-88D scanning strategy: Results of field tests SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 960 EP 963 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300278 ER PT B AU Curtis, CD Torres, SM Forren, E AF Curtis, CD Torres, SM Forren, E GP AMS TI High-resolution WSR-88D base data on the KOUN research radar SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 964 EP 966 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300279 ER PT B AU Miller, DJ AF Miller, DJ GP AMS TI The use of polarimetric radar data in the winter weather warning decision making process: A case study SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), 1200 Westheimer,Room 101, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300283 ER PT B AU Gage, KS Williams, CR AF Gage, KS Williams, CR GP AMS TI Use of radar profilers as tools for the determination of space-time variability of precipitation parameters SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; RAINFALL; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; CLOUD C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 988 EP 991 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300286 ER PT B AU Black, ML Marks, FD Rogers, RF AF Black, ML Marks, FD Rogers, RF GP AMS TI The relationship between environmental wind shear and the distribution of vertical velocities and precipitation in the hurricane eyewall SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; MOTION; EVOLUTION C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Black, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300294 ER PT B AU Martner, BE Clark, KA Bartram, BW AF Martner, BE Clark, KA Bartram, BW GP AMS TI Radar calibration using a trihedral corner reflector SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Martner, BE (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 1028 EP 1030 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300297 ER PT B AU Gorman, JJ Jablokow, KW Cannon, DJ AF Gorman, JJ Jablokow, KW Cannon, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Dynamical robust backstepping using a combined sliding modes and high-gain observer approach SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; SURFACE CONTROL; STABILIZATION; DESIGN AB The design of a controller and high-gain observer methodology which aims to simplify the backstepping procedure is presented. This approach differs from standard backstepping in that the virtual control inputs are designed based on estimates of the previous virtual control inputs. This eliminates the need to take derivatives of the system dynamics, which simplifies the control law and reduces the overcompensation of uncertainty. Robustness in the design is provided by a zero-order sliding mode used at each step. The virtual control input estimates used in the control design are generated by second-order high-gain observers. The high-gain observers include a zero-order sliding mode for robustness to uncertainty resulting from a coupling between the controller and observers. Stability analysis results for the coupled controller-observer system are discussed, which show that the closed-loop system is ultimately bounded. Numerical simulations are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorman, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100048 ER PT S AU Song, NO Kwak, BJ Song, J Miller, LE AF Song, NO Kwak, BJ Song, J Miller, LE GP IEEE IEEE TI Enhancement of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function with exponential increase exponential decrease backoff algorithm SO 57TH IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC 2003-SPRING, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE DE wireless LAN; DCF; binary exponential backoff; EIED; MILD AB A new backoff algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), which employs Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm. The proposed algorithm, called the Exponential Increase Exponential Decrease (EIED) backoff algorithm, is quite simple to implement while significantly, improving the network performance over BEB. Another backoff algorithm called Multiple Increase Linear Decrease (MILD) backoff algorithm is considered for performance comparison. The simulation results show that EIED outperforms BEB and MILD in terms of both throughput and delay. The performance gain of EIED comes from successfully balancing the two extreme backoff policies of BEB and MILD. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Song, NO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM nsong@antd.nist.gov; bjkwak@antd.nist.gov; jabin@antd.nist.gov; miller@antd.nist.gov NR 7 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7757-5 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2003 BP 2775 EP 2778 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BX28V UT WOS:000184835900574 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, R BE Callaos, N DiSciullo, AM Ohta, T Liu, TK TI Specification and validation of enterprise access control data for conformance to model and policy constraints SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE role-based access control; XML schema; policy constraints; enterprise access control data AB The effectiveness of an enterprise access control framework depends upon the integrity of the various components or the building blocks used in that framework. The essential components of that framework are: (a) an Enterprise Access Control Model (b) a Validation mechanism to verify the enterprise access control data developed based on that model, for conformance to the model as well as domain-specific policy constraints and (c) a mechanism to map the enterprise access control data intoformats required by native access enforcement mechanisms in the heterogeneous application systems in the enterprise. In this paper we chose the Role-based Access Control Model (RBAC) as a candidate for the enterprise access control model. We develop an WL Schema of an ABAC Model for a specific enterprise context and demonstrate the use of schema features to specify structural and some rudimentary domain constraints. We then annotate that XML Schema of an Enterprise RBAC Model to demonstrate specification and enforcement of some important domain-specific policy constraint using the Schematron language. C1 NIST, Div Comp Sci, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Comp Sci, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 272 EP 277 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BY46R UT WOS:000189328300050 ER PT J AU Lebedev, AV Ostrovskii, LA Sutin, AM Soustova, IA Johnson, PA AF Lebedev, AV Ostrovskii, LA Sutin, AM Soustova, IA Johnson, PA TI Resonant acoustic Spectroscopy at low Q factors SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; COMPOSITE; TEXTURE AB The application of resonant acoustic spectroscopy to rock, building materials, and materials with cracks is hindered by the substantial mechanical losses in these materials and by the overlapping of the individual resonance responses. The paper describes a method for the determination of the resonance frequencies in low-Q materials in the presence of a strong overlapping of resonances. The effect of cracks on the values of the resonance frequencies and Q factors is studied experimentally. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zell Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. RP Lebedev, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Ul Ulyanova 46, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI MELVILLE PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUANDRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1063-7710 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1134/1.1537392 PG 7 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 644MP UT WOS:000180922100013 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Fasolka, MJ AF Germer, TA Fasolka, MJ BE Duparre, A Singh, B TI Characterizing surface roughness of thin films by polarized light scattering SO ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICS, SEMICONDUCTORS, AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Characterization Techniques for Optics Semiconductors and Nanotechnologies CY AUG 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE block copolymer; overlay; polarization; roughness; scattering; silicon dioxide; thin films ID OUT-OF-PLANE; SUBSURFACE DEFECTS; MICROROUGHNESS; ELLIPSOMETRY; INSTRUMENT; SILICON; OPTICS AB The polarization of light scattered by the surface of a material contains information that can be used to identify the sources of that scatter. In this paper, first order vector perturbation theory for light scattering from interfacial roughness of a dielectric layer is reviewed. In addition, methods for calculating the Stokes vector for scatter from multiple sources and for decomposing a Stokes vector into contributions from two non-depolarizing scattering sources are provided. The polarization of light scattered from interfacial roughness depends upon the relative roughness of the two interfaces and the degree of phase correlation between the two interfaces. Experimental results are presented for three cases: a nominally conformal film, a nominally anticonformal film, and a lateral offset roughness film. The method works well for the nearly conformal film. Difficulties that arise for the other two cases are discussed. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5061-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5188 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1117/12.506909 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BY25D UT WOS:000188460400027 ER PT S AU Ye, J Lynn, TW AF Ye, J Lynn, TW BE Bederson, B Walther, H TI Applications of optical cavities in modern atomic, molecular, and optical physics SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 49 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review ID FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PRECISE WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; STANDING-WAVE CAVITY; FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; BOUND IN-ORBIT; 1.5 MU-M; SINGLE ATOMS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 196 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003849-8 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2003 VL 49 BP 1 EP 83 PG 83 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BY36L UT WOS:000189050200001 ER PT S AU Soles, CL Jones, RL Lenhart, JL Prabhu, VM Wu, WL Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Soles, CL Jones, RL Lenhart, JL Prabhu, VM Wu, WL Lin, EK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Fedynyshyn, TH TI Polymer dynamics and diffusive properties in ultra-thin photoresist films SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing CY JAN 24-26, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment Mat Int DE thin films; diffusion; confinement; neutron scattering; photoacid mobility; moisture transport ID MOISTURE TRANSPORT; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS-TRANSITION; EPOXY-RESINS; WATER; CONFINEMENT; SORPTION; EXPANSION; INTERFACE; POLYIMIDE AB A series of experiments are presented to demonstrate thin film confinement effects on the diffusive properties in poly(tert-butoxycarboxystyrene) (PBOCSt). Bilayer diffusion couple measurements reveal that as the thickness of a PBOCSt film is decreased, the kinetics of the deprotection reaction-front propagation (a process involving both the diffusion and reaction of photochemically activated acidic protons) are dramatically hindered. Incoherent neutron scattering measurements suggest that this retardation can be traced to a suppression of local fast relaxations (200 MHz or faster) native to the PBOCSt polymer. The reduced mobility in the thin PBOCSt films is further confirmed with moisture vapor uptake studies performed on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). As the film thickness drops below 500 Angstrom there is a strong reduction in the diffusivity of water in the film. In total, these are the first evidences suggesting that the deviations in lithographic performance with decreasing film thickness observed with the bilayer experiments are due to changes in mobility, not reactivity, within a chemically amplified resist. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4844-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5039 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1117/12.485140 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science GA BX07Y UT WOS:000184199500038 ER PT S AU Prabhu, VM Jones, RL Lin, EK Soles, CL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Prabhu, VM Jones, RL Lin, EK Soles, CL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Fedynyshyn, TH TI Polyelectrolyte effects in model photoresist developer solutions: Roles of base concentration and added salts SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing CY JAN 24-26, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment Mat Int DE polyelectrolyte; photoresist; developer; roughness; additives; solvent quality; neutron scattering ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POSITIVE-TONE; X-RAY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ORDERED STRUCTURE; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH AB We demonstrate that poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and (5, 15, and 20) % tert-butoxycarboxy protected copolymers are polyelectrolytes when dissolved in aqueous base solutions. The polyelectrolyte effect is quantified through the observation of a correlation peak, measured with small-angle neutron scattering. Polyelectrolyte effects are weakened with added salts and excess base. These studies emphasize that salt additives screen the electrostatic interactions, while pH leads to the ionization of the chain. Solvent quality is quantified and the chain configurations are measured in the limit of high ionic strength. It is speculated that the developer-resist. interactions will play an important role in development-induced roughness, hence these equilibrium solution measurements can serve a predictive function for future photoresists dissolution models incorporating solvent quality as a parameter. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4844-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5039 BP 404 EP 414 DI 10.1117/12.485147 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science GA BX07Y UT WOS:000184199500042 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Hu, TJ Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Trinque, BC Willson, CG AF Jones, RL Hu, TJ Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M Trinque, BC Willson, CG BE Fedynyshyn, TH TI Deprotection volume characteristics and line edge morphology in chemically amplified resists SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing CY JAN 24-26, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment Mat Int ID ACID DIFFUSION; ROUGHNESS; PHOTORESISTS; SIMULATION; PATTERNS; SURFACE; FRONT AB The form and magnitude of line edge roughness (LER) is increasingly important in semiconductor processing due to continued reductions in feature sizes. While a large body of work connects processing factors to LER magnitude, the spatial dependence of LER is needed to provide a more complete description. The distribution of deprotection within the resist is represented as a collection deprotection paths,created by individual photoacid generators (PAGs). In the limit of dilute PAG concentration, the form and size of the average deprotection path is measured using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) for a model photoresist polymer and PAG mixture. The heterogeneity of the deprotection volume produces "fuzzy blobs". The shape of these blobs is compared to the form of LER at a idealized sidewall. The sidewall morphology is consistent with models of spatially random etching up to a cutoff length scale. The cutoff length scale is approximate to 5 times the size of a single deprotection volume, suggesting that collective phenomena are responsible for observed LER. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4844-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5039 BP 1031 EP 1040 DI 10.1117/12.485146 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Polymer Science GA BX07Y UT WOS:000184199500110 ER PT B AU Low, LL AF Low, LL BE Bechtel, PJ TI Future of Alaska's fisheries resources SO ADVANCES IN SEAFOOD BYPRODUCTS, 2002 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Seafood Byproducts Conference CY NOV 10-13, 2002 CL Anchorage, AK AB Fishing has always played an important role in the history of Alaska. Alaska has the bragging rights for the most productive fisheries in the nation. Alaska accounts for 51% of the nation's recent catches and has 55% of its long-term potential yield. Alaska has sustainable fisheries for salmon, groundfish, herring, crab, shrimp, mollusks, and many other inshore and offshore species. They have all been under active management. This paper will review the major fisheries resources, their management arrangements, and outlook. The issues of resource utilization and management are complex but the outlook is cautiously optimistic. There is a tendency toward more active management, more considerations of ecosystem and climatic concerns, and more legal and administrative requirements in the management process. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Low, LL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-082-9 PY 2003 BP 83 EP 103 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BY65U UT WOS:000189431900008 ER PT B AU Johnson, RB Nicklason, PM Barnett, HJ AF Johnson, RB Nicklason, PM Barnett, HJ BE Bechtel, PJ TI Macro- and micronutrient composition of fish bone derived from Alaskan fish meal processing: Exploring possible uses for fish bone meal SO ADVANCES IN SEAFOOD BYPRODUCTS, 2002 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Seafood Byproducts Conference CY NOV 10-13, 2002 CL Anchorage, AK ID DAIRY-COWS AB Proximate, mineral, and amino acid analyses have been performed on fish bone collected from Alaskan pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) fish meal processing waste from the 2001 and 2002 fishing seasons. Results show a significant amount of high quality protein (44.2 +/- 2.7% dry weight) in the fish bone with a similar amino acid profile to that of white fish meal. Fish bone meal containing 90% solids is a good source of calcium and phosphorus for mammals and poultry with 15.33 +/- 0.71% calcium and 7.69 +/- 0.34% phosphorus. Concentrations of other minerals of nutritional interest in fish bone meal include magnesium (0.23 +/- 0.23%), potassium (0.47 +/- 0.09%), sodium (1.21 +/- 0.12%), iron (50 +/- 8 mg per g), manganese (34 +/- 13 mg per g) and zinc (142 31 mg per g). Plant available phosphorus was determined for three different grinds of fish bone meal resulting in a NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) labeling of 6-9-0.5, 6-12-0.5, and 6-13-0.5 for grinds passing through -(1)/(4)", U.S. #8, and U.S. #20 sieves, respectively. The use of fish bone meal for stream fertilization is discussed and results from an initial leaching experiment indicate fish bone may be a useful slow release phosphorus fertilizer, particularly in acidic streams. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-082-9 PY 2003 BP 201 EP 218 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BY65U UT WOS:000189431900017 ER PT B AU Nicklason, P Barnett, H Johnson, R Tagal, M Pfutzenreuter, B AF Nicklason, P Barnett, H Johnson, R Tagal, M Pfutzenreuter, B BE Bechtel, PJ TI Modified silage process for fish and fish processing waste SO ADVANCES IN SEAFOOD BYPRODUCTS, 2002 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Seafood Byproducts Conference CY NOV 10-13, 2002 CL Anchorage, AK AB Dried fish silage was made from fresh and frozen whole fish, and fresh and frozen viscera and processing waste. The Modified Silage Process (MSP) uses less acid and lower temperature than common fish silage processes and recovers over 90% of the fish solids and oil in a stable dry meal. Feeds made from different fish and processing wastes using the MSP performed as well as a commercial feed. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) for MSP feeds were 0.86 with juvenile salmon. An economic evaluation of the MSP using the Net Present Value model illustrates where the MSP may contribute to the processing of fishery byproducts in Alaska or other remote and seasonal situations. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Nicklason, P (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-082-9 PY 2003 BP 379 EP 392 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BY65U UT WOS:000189431900032 ER PT J AU Butterworth, DS Ianelli, JN Hilborn, R AF Butterworth, DS Ianelli, JN Hilborn, R TI A statistical model for stock assessment of southern bluefin tuna with temporal changes in selectivity SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADAPT-VPA; assessment; catch-at-age analysis; recruitment auto-correlation; selectivity changes; southern bluefin tuna; steepness; time-series model ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; AGE DATA; CATCH; FISHERY AB Assessment of the status of southern bluefin tuna (SBT) by Australia and Japan has used a method (ADAPT) that imposes a number of structural restrictions. and is similar to methods used for a number of stocks worldwide. A flexible method for assessment of the SBT population is presented that is much less restrictive and has potentially wide applicability. The three key features are: (1) all fitting to data is within the context of maximum likelihood, (2) catch-at-age data are not assumed to be without error (as in existing methods), but rather to be random variables, while age-specific selectivity is allowed to change over time within the bounds of specific structure, and (3) autocorrelation in recruitment processes is considered within the likelihood framework of the model. While the results suggest the stock has been depleted considerably from it, virgin biomass, and are generally consistent with previous assessments, they also indicate that it is not as much below the biomass that will produce maximum suitable yield as previously estimated and that the extent of stock rebuilding necessary may not be as large as has been argued. The available data are shown to provide little information on the steepness parameter of the stock-recruitment function, and hence on sustainable catch levels for the stock. C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, Marine Resources Assessment & Management Grp, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Fisheries Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Butterworth, DS (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, Marine Resources Assessment & Management Grp, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM dll@maths.uct.ac.za RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1814-232X J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 331 EP 361 DI 10.2989/18142320309504021 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 752VW UT WOS:000187197700027 ER PT J AU Montgomery, R Sauerwein, J Rumble, J May, WE AF Montgomery, R Sauerwein, J Rumble, J May, WE TI The development of standard reference materials from the perspective of Dr. Willie E. May SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Montgomery, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 26 EP + PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 640WJ UT WOS:000180711000005 ER PT J AU Scott, JHJ AF Scott, JHJ TI Analytical advances in the SEM SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSITION-EDGE-MICROCALORIMETER; ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; EV ENERGY RESOLUTION; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; DRIFT DETECTOR C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, JHJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 375 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1615-1 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 643EK UT WOS:000180848800017 PM 12520435 ER PT J AU Poster, DL Kucklick, JR Schantz, MM Porter, BJ Leigh, SD Wise, SA AF Poster, DL Kucklick, JR Schantz, MM Porter, BJ Leigh, SD Wise, SA TI Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE standard reference materials; SRMs; PCBs; pesticides; fish ID REFERENCE MATERIAL SRM; TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; MATRIX REFERENCE MATERIALS; MARINE SEDIMENT; PCB CONGENERS; CERTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; PARTICULATE AB The concentrations of a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue Standard Reference Material (SRM) have been determined using multiple methods of analysis. This material, SRM 1946, Lake Superior Fish Tissue, was recently issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and complements a suite of marine environmental natural-matrix SRMs that are currently available from NIST for the determination of organic contaminants such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides. SRM 1946 is a fresh tissue homogenate (frozen) prepared from filleted adult lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush) collected from the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior. SRM 1946 has certified and reference concentrations for PCB congeners, including the three non-ortho PCB congeners, and chlorinated pesticides. Certified concentrations are available for 30 PCB congeners and 15 chlorinated pesticides. Reference concentrations are available for 12 PCB congeners and 2 chlorinated pesticides. In addition, SRM 1946 is characterized for additional chemical constituents and properties: fatty acids, extractable fat, methylmercury, total mercury, selected trace elements, proximates, and caloric content. The characterization of chlorinated compounds is described in this paper with an emphasis on the approach used for the certification of the concentrations of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides. The PCB congener and chlorinated pesticide data are also compared to concentrations in other marine natural-matrix reference materials available from NIST (fish oil, mussel tissue, whale blubber, and a second fresh frozen fish tissue homogenate prepared from filleted adult lake trout collected from Lake Michigan) and from other organizations such as the National Research Council Canada (ground whole carp), the International Atomic Energy Agency (fish homogenate), and the European Commission Joint Research Centre [fish oils (cod and mackerel) and mussel tissue]. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1680-5. A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poster, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 375 IS 2 BP 223 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1680-5 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 647QB UT WOS:000181104300005 PM 12560966 ER PT B AU Matyi, RJ AF Matyi, RJ BE Kolbesen, BO Claeys, C Stallhofer, P Tardif, F Schroder, DK Shaffner, TJ Tajima, M RaiChoudhury, P TI High resolution X-ray reflectometry: Theory, practice, accuracy and precision SO ANALYTICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analytical Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Process Characterization IV (ALTECH 2003) held at the 203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Wacker Siltronic AG, Electrochem Soc, Elects Div AB High resolution X-ray reflectometry (XRR) is widely used for the characterization of thin film systems that are of interest to the semiconductor industry. Critical parameters such as layer thickness, chemical composition, and interfacial roughness can be obtained using this method. Unfortunately, XRR analyses can be compromised by limitations in hardware, software, and the experimental technique. Here we address several of the factors that limit the accuracy and precision of XRR, such as (1) angle metrology; (2) X-ray beam conditioning; (3) alignment; (4) the sample; (5) noise and (6) software and analysis. An experimental program to address these issues is described. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matyi, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-348-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 3 BP 440 EP 454 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BX19C UT WOS:000184567900044 ER PT B AU Mesnick, SL Evans, K Taylor, BL Hyde, J Escorza-Trevino, S Dizon, AE AF Mesnick, SL Evans, K Taylor, BL Hyde, J Escorza-Trevino, S Dizon, AE BE DeWaal, FBM Tyack, PL TI Sperm whale social structure: Why it takes a village to raise a child SO ANIMAL SOCIAL COMPLEXITY: INTELLIGENCE, CULTURE, AND INDIVIDUALIZED SOCIETIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Animal Social Complexity CY AUG 23-26, 2000 CL PEGGY NOTEBAERT NAT MUSEUM, CHICAGO, IL HO PEGGY NOTEBAERT NAT MUSEUM ID EVOLUTION; COOPERATION; RELATEDNESS C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Mesnick, SL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RI Evans, Karen/D-7110-2012 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU HARVARD UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 79 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 0-674-00929-0 PY 2003 BP 170 EP + PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA BX21N UT WOS:000184645100011 ER PT S AU Huffman, PR Arif, M Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Gilliam, DM Jacobson, DL Nico, JS Thompson, AK AF Huffman, PR Arif, M Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Gilliam, DM Jacobson, DL Nico, JS Thompson, AK BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The fundamental neutron physics facilities at NIST SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is a national center that provides thermal and cold neutrons beams for activities such as materials science, biological, polymer, and fundamental physics research. Four beams are currently in use for fundamental physics experiments. These include a neutron optics and interferometry facility, a 0.496 nm monochromatic beam, a 0.89 nm monochromatic beam, and a high-intensity polychromatic beam. Experiments primarily focus on studies of the weak interaction using neutrons. This paper provides a general overview of the facilities and highlights some current experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huffman, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800065 ER PT S AU Arp, U AF Arp, U BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Scientific applications and advantages of a low-energy synchrotron radiation source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION MICROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EUV REFLECTOMETRY FACILITY; LINEAR DICHROISM; X-RAY; SURFACE; CONTRAST; DOMAINS; DEVICES; UV AB Recent improvements to the synchrotron ultraviolet radiation facility led to unprecedented performance. High injection currents and beam stability, as well as tunable electron energies over a wide range make this storage ring a prime source for synchrotron radiation from the extreme-ultraviolet to far-infrared spectral regions. We will discuss plans to capitalize on this unprecedented performance through implementation of new experimental stations and extension of existing ones. It also will be shown that for applications using extreme-ultraviolet to infrared synchrotron radiation a low electron energy storage ring has distinct advantages. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arp, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 530 EP 533 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800123 ER PT S AU Sanabia, JE Goldie, SN Ratliff, LP Goldner, LS Gillaspy, JD AF Sanabia, JE Goldie, SN Ratliff, LP Goldner, LS Gillaspy, JD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Highly charged ion bombardment of silicon surfaces SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CARRIERS; SINGLE AB Visible photoluminescence from Si(100) surfaces irradiated by highly charged ions has recently been reported [1]. In an attempt to reproduce these results, highly charged ion-irradiated silicon samples were prepared at the Electron Beam Ion Trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Two highly sensitive fluorescence detection schemes were employed, both using ultraviolet light from an argon-ion laser for excitation. In the first detection scheme, the Xe44+-Si(100) samples were excited by the ultraviolet light while a spectrograph equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled charge-coupled device camera detected the fluorescence. The second detection scheme was a high throughput laser-scanning confocal microscope equipped with a photon-counting photomultiplier tube. We characterized the sensitivities in each detection scheme, allowing the assessment of the photoluminescence efficiency of Xe44+-Si(100). No photoluminescence was detected in either setup. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sanabia, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 568 EP 572 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800131 ER PT S AU Bergstrom, PM AF Bergstrom, PM BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Chunk of graphite in a Co-60 field and slab of paper in an electron beam: Typical applications of atomic physics SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; VERSION AB When the atomic physicist measures or computes, applications of their results may not be immediately obvious. However, atomic data form the basis of many mature and developing applications. Two of these applications and their dependence on data are reviewed here. In particular, the national standard for radiation exposure and the processing of the United States mail with radiation are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergstrom, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 796 EP 799 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800181 ER PT S AU Bateman, FB Desrosiers, MF Hudson, LT Coursey, BM Bergstrom, PM Seltzer, SM AF Bateman, FB Desrosiers, MF Hudson, LT Coursey, BM Bergstrom, PM Seltzer, SM BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI NIST accelerator facilities and programs in support of industrial radiation research SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID SPACE AB NIST's Ionizing Radiation Division maintains and operates three electron accelerators used in a number of applications including waste treatment and sterilization, radiation hardness testing, detector calibrations and materials modification studies. These facilities serve a large number of governmental, academic and industrial users as well as an active intramural research program. They include a 500 kV cascaded-rectifier accelerator, a 2.5 MV electron Van de Graaf accelerator and a 7 to 32 MeV electron linac, supplying beams ranging in energy from a few keV up to 32 MeV. In response to the recent anthrax incident, KIST along with the US Postal Service and the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) are working to develop protocols and testing procedures for the USPS mail sanitization program. NIST facilities and personnel are being employed in a series of quality-assurance measurements for both electron- and photon-beam sanitization. These include computational modeling, dose verification and VOC (volatile organic compounds) testing using megavoltage electron and photon sources. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bateman, FB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800199 ER PT S AU Menzel, WP Wylie, DP Jackson, D Bates, JJ AF Menzel, WP Wylie, DP Jackson, D Bates, JJ BE Menzel, WP Zhang, WJ LeMarshall, J Tokuno, M TI HIRS observations of clouds since 1978 SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites CY OCT 24, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, China Natl Space Adm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Govt Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE remote sensing; clouds; cirrus; climate ID ISCCP AB Seasonal changes in global cloud cover have been monitored with multi-spectral observations from the eleven polar orbiting HIRS (High resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) since December 1978. The HIRS longwave infrared data have a higher sensitivity to semi-transparent cirrus clouds than visible and infrared window techniques. Clouds are found in 71% of all HIRS observations from 65 S to 65 N; high clouds are observed in 33% of the observations. Closer investigation of the tropics indicates that there has been little overall change in the global total cloud cover. There is the possibility of a small increase in high cloud cover from the first decade to the second (about 2%) however orbit drift of some sensors and instrument differences may be part of this. Significant weather events such as El Nino Southern Oscillation or volcanic eruptions may also be influencing the trends. Since 2000, the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) is starting to generate another cloud data set that must be understood and connected with the HIRS cloud data; early indications are promising that MODIS will be a more than worthy successor to the venerable HIRS. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Menzel, WP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4681-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4895 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.466835 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX09T UT WOS:000184286300007 ER PT S AU Gurka, JJ Schmit, TJ AF Gurka, JJ Schmit, TJ BE Menzel, WP Zhang, WJ LeMarshall, J Tokuno, M TI Recommendations on the GOES-R series from the GOES users' conferences SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites CY OCT 24, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, China Natl Space Adm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Govt Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan AB The first GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) Users' Conference, focusing on the GOES-R Series was held from May 22 through 24, 2001 in Boulder Colorado, with approximately 200 participants from government, the private sector, academia and the international community. GOES-R is planned to be launched in 2012. The conference was organized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with cooperation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the American Meteorological Society (AMS), the National Weather Association, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The goals of the conference were: (1) to inform GOES users of plans for the next generation capabilities; (2) to provide information on the potential applications; (3) to determine user needs for new products, data distribution, and data archiving; (4) to assess potential user and societal benefits of GOES capabilities; and (5) to develop methods to improve communication between the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) and the GOES user community. Sessions included: (1) planned and potential sensors for U.S. geostationary satellites; (2) user requirements, applications, and potential benefits from future GOES; (3) future international geostationary satellites; and (4) communications, ancillary services and training issues. The third day of the conference consisted of facilitated breakout sessions in which the user community provided input to ten questions on their future needs for products, services, data distribution, archiving, training and potential benefits of the next generation GOES to their operations and to society. A second GOES Users' Conference will be held in Boulder, Colorado from October I to 3, 2002. This paper will provide a summary of the recommendations provided by the first GOES Users' Conference and some expectations of topics to be covered at the second conference. A brief summary of a new requirements generation process that incorporates input from both conferences will also be provided. C1 NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gurka, JJ (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,FB-4,Room 3010B, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4681-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4895 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.466817 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX09T UT WOS:000184286300011 ER PT S AU Schmit, TJ Jun, L Menzel, WP AF Schmit, TJ Jun, L Menzel, WP BE Menzel, WP Zhang, WJ LeMarshall, J Tokuno, M TI Advanced baseline imager (ABI) for future geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES-R and beyond) SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites CY OCT 24, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, China Natl Space Adm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Govt Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE GOES; imager; ABI ID CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; WIND INFORMATION; CLOUD; SOUNDER; PRODUCT; TOP; RESOLUTION; HUMIDITY; HEIGHTS AB The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is being designed for future Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (starting with GOES-R in 2012). As with the current GOES Imager, this instrument will be used for a wide range of qualitative and quantitative weather and environmental applications. The ABI will improve over the existing GOES Imager with more spectral bands, higher spatial resolution and faster imaging (and more geographical areas scanned). The ABI will improve the spatial resolution from nominally 4 to 2 km for the infrared bands and 1 to 0.5 km for at least one visible band. There will be a five-fold increase of the coverage rate. The ABI expands the spectral band number from five to at least 12. Up to 18 bands on the ABI are being investigated. Every product that is being produced from the current GOES Imager will be improved with data from the ABI. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, ASPT, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4681-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4895 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.466508 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX09T UT WOS:000184286300013 ER PT J AU Knappe, S Stahler, M Affolderbach, C Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI Wynands, R AF Knappe, S Stahler, M Affolderbach, C Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI Wynands, R TI Simple parameterization of dark-resonance line shapes SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION TRAPPING RESONANCES; COHERENT MEDIA; SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; STATES; VAPOR; EMISSION; SHIFTS; VCSEL; LIGHT AB We have studied the dispersion and absorption line shapes of coherent population trapping resonances (dark resonances) in thermal cesium vapor. Outside the time-of-flight regime the line shapes can be described by a simple phenomenological model: a sum of a dispersive and an absorptive Lorentzian of identical width and position, whose relative weights depend on the detuning of the laser frequencies from the optical resonance. This functional form can be derived from a theoretical model for the full multilevel structure of an alkali atom. The analytical expressions for the parameters of the line shape model show the same behavior as the experimental data. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. SD RAS, Inst Laser Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Wynands, R (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, Wegelerstr 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM robert.wynands@unifr.ch RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015; OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066; Stahler, Markus/0000-0003-4051-9950 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-1072-8 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 770RM UT WOS:000188744700009 ER PT J AU Regetz, J AF Regetz, J TI Landscape-level constraints on recruitment of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin, USA SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; watershed; land use; land cover ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; SOUTH UMPQUA RIVER; POPULATION VIABILITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WOODY DEBRIS; FISH HABITAT; LAND-USE; STREAM AB 1. The decline of salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest has been well-documented. It is unclear, however, which threats to salmonid persistence are the most serious, and how best to prioritize recovery efforts intended to ameliorate these threats. 2. It has been argued previously that one possible cause of salmon endangerment is degradation of spawning grounds. In order to explore this hypothesis, this study examines the relationships between chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) productivity and landscape-level characteristics of spawning grounds in the interior Columbia River Basin. 3. Population productivity is expressed as the mean and maximum recruitment rates for different stocks, measured from 1980 to 1990; habitat conditions are calculated using sub-watershed scale data on land cover, land use, water quality and watershed hydrology. 4. Significant linear regression results were obtained for three environmental variables: percentage of land classified as urban, proportion of stream length failing to meet water quality standards, and an index of the ability of streams to recover from sediment flow events. A multiple regression with all three variables accounts for over 60% of the variation in mean salmon recruitment. 5. It further appears that these landscape attributes may limit the maximum recruitment rates of salmon, with a magnitude of difference in productivity large enough to be relevant to recovery planners. Additional study will be necessary to identify cause-and-effect linkages between habitat quality and salmon recruitment success, and to determine the ultimate impact of changes in recruitment rates on short- and long-term salmon population trajectories. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Regetz, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106 Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1002/aqc.524 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 652AQ UT WOS:000181357700004 ER PT J AU Niaura, G Reipa, V Mayhew, MP Holden, M Vilker, VL AF Niaura, G Reipa, V Mayhew, MP Holden, M Vilker, VL TI Structural alterations of the heme environment of cytochrome P450cam and the Y96F mutant as deduced by resonance Raman spectroscopy SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; Raman spectroscopy; camphor; styrene; spin equilibrium ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ACTIVE-SITE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; REDOX EQUILIBRIA; MUTAGENESIS; P450(CAM); BINDING; SPIN; PROTOPORPHYRIN; HYDROXYLATION AB Resonance Raman spectroscopy at 2.5 cm(-1) resolution was used to probe differences in wild-type and Y96F mutant P450cam (CYP101), both with and without bound camphor or styrene substrates. In the substrate-free state, the spin state equilibrium is shifted from 6-coordinate low spin (6CLS) toward more 5-coordinate high spin (5CHS) when tyrosine-96 in the substrate pocket is replaced by phenylalanine. About 25% of substrate-free Y96F mutant is 5CHS as opposed to 8% for substrate-free wild-type P450cam. Spin equilibrium constants calculated from Raman intensities indicate that the driving force for electron transfer from putidaredoxin, the natural redox partner of P450cam, is significantly smaller on styrene binding than for camphor binding. Spectral differences suggest that there is a tilt in camphor toward the pyrrole III ring on Y96F mutation. This finding is consistent with the altered product distribution found for camphor hydroxylation by the Y96F mutant relative to the single enantiomer produced by the wild-type enzyme. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 409 IS 1 BP 102 EP 112 AR PII S0003-9861(02)00581-7 DI 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00581-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 625PW UT WOS:000179825700014 PM 12464249 ER PT J AU Kagley, AN Snider, RG Krishnakumar, PK Casillas, E AF Kagley, AN Snider, RG Krishnakumar, PK Casillas, E TI Assessment of seasonal variability of cytochemical responses to contaminant exposure in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (complex) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGESTIVE CELLS; PUGET-SOUND; LYSOSOMAL STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LITTORINA-LITTOREA; CELLULAR-RESPONSES; WASHINGTON AB A selected suite of cytochemical parameters in Mytilus edulis are altered in response to field and laboratory exposure to chemical contaminants. These biomarkers include lysosomal stability, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-ferrihemoprotein reductase activity, liposfuscin deposition, and accumulation of lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipid. Normal variations in physiological processes (influenced by exogenous seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, food availability, etc.) may alter the sensitivity of these biomarkers to contaminant exposure. To address this issue, M. edulis (complex) were sampled monthly from a reference nonurban site (Coupeville, Penn Cove) and a polluted urban site (Seacrest, Elliott Bay) in Puget Sound, WA, for a period of 15 months. Physiological measurements including total length, total weight, somatic and mantle weights (an indication of gonadal development and reproductive status), condition index, and the presence or absence of hemic neoplasia (HN, or leukemia) were recorded. Significant differences in lysosomal stability, lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipids, lipofuscin deposition, and NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase activity in cells of the digestive gland or digestive tubules were generally found in mussels taken throughout the year from Seacrest compared to mussels sampled from Coupeville, consistent with exposure to chemical contaminants. No seasonally influenced suppression of the entire suite of parameters as measures of contaminant exposure was evident. Therefore these biomarkers can be used to evaluate contaminant exposure in mussels throughout the entire year. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97391 USA. Cent Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Res Ctr, Mangalore 575001, India. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kagley, AN (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97391 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1007/S00244-002-1303-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000006 PM 12434218 ER PT J AU Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J AF Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J TI Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; LAW CONSTANTS; MESOCOSMS; HERBICIDE; SURFACE; FIELD; PERSISTENCE; TOXICITY; ALACHLOR AB Dissipation processes are described for a combination of commonly used pesticides-atrazine (6-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl] acetamide), and chlorpyrifos (O-O diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate)-in a laboratory and outdoor pond systems. Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the n-mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Treatments ranged from 2 and 2.5 mg/L to 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L respectively for atrazine and metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos was added at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L in the aquaria and at 0.1 mg/L in the outdoor macrocosms. Chlorpyrifos disappearance was rapid in all of the systems and followed a two-phase sequence. Initial half-lives varied from 0.16 day to 0.38 day and showed similar rates in the aquaria and the outdoor systems. The second phase of the chlorpyrifis loss pattern was slower (18-20 days) in all the treatments except for the low herbicide treatment in the outdoor test, where it was 3.4 days. Compared to the outdoor system, herbicide losses were much slower in the aquaria, e.g., 150 days for atrazine and 55 days for metolachlor, and no appreciable loss of herbicide was apparent in the high-treated aquaria. In the outdoor systems, the half-lives for the low herbicide treatment were 27 days and 12 days, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, and 48 and 20 days, respectively for the high herbicide-treated pond. Very low levels of CIAT (6-amino-2-chloro-4-iso-propylamino-s-triazine) and CEAT (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-ethylarnino-s-triazine), degradation products of atrazine, were observed in the outdoor studies. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Wetland Sci Inst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rice, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,BARC-W,1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016 OI Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X NR 58 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1259-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000008 PM 12434220 ER PT B AU Remley, KA Williams, DF Schreurs, DMMP Loglio, G Cidronali, A AF Remley, KA Williams, DF Schreurs, DMMP Loglio, G Cidronali, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Phase detrending for measured multisine signals SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, SPRING 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st ARFTG Conference CY JUN 13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Automat RF Tech Grp ID POWER; DESIGN AB We develop a method to detrend the phases of measured multisine signals. We find a time reference that removes the linear component of the measured phases and aligns them, within a precision specified by the user, to their expected values. An initial guess is provided by a closed-form expression. We then find the global minimum of a user-specified error function. The simple post-processing algorithm is general and can be implemented in many software packages. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7994-2 PY 2003 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BX20Y UT WOS:000184613200010 ER PT S AU Cheok, GS Lew, HS AF Cheok, GS Lew, HS BE Mirza, SA TI Precast concrete for high seismic regions SO ART AND SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE DESIGN: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING RICHARD W. FURLONG SE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Art and Science of Structural Concrete Design CY APR 22, 2002 CL DETROIT, MI DE beam-column connections; concrete construction; moment frame; post-tensioning; precast concrete; seismic design ID CONNECTIONS AB This paper presents the research work, experimental and analytical, on precast hybrid concrete beam-to-column connections at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and its contribution to the development of seismic design provisions for precast concrete frame structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheok, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0065-7891 BN 0-87031-114-X J9 AMER CONC I PY 2003 VL 213 BP 103 EP 118 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BX87Q UT WOS:000186707800006 ER PT S AU Caidi, N Bergeron, P Dufour, C Cortes, J Rumble, J AF Caidi, N Bergeron, P Dufour, C Cortes, J Rumble, J BE Bryans, JB TI Transborder data flow: Implications for information dissemination and policies between the US, Canada and Mexico - Sponsored by SIG IFP, III SO ASIST 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 66TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 40, 2003: HUMANIZING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: FROM IDEAS TO BITS AND BACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science-and-Technology CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol AB The convergence of computing and networking has affected the ways in which people live, work and learn; the way institutions operate; and raised new issues and challenges for governments. National and global initiatives have been implemented to address the blurring of boundaries -geographical and political caused by electronic data transfer over these global networks. The flow of electronic data and digital content across jurisdictional lines calls for novel -or updated- laws and regulatory solutions (e.g., data protection, privacy, content regulation, etc.). C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Fac Informat Studies, Toronto, ON M5S 3G6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Ecole Bibliotheconom & Sci Informat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Autonoma Ciudad, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Caidi, N (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, BRL 254, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM caidi@fis.utoronto.ca; pierrette.bergeron@UMontreal.ca; christine.dufour@UMontreal.ca; jcortes@uacj.mx; john.rumble@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-197-4 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2003 VL 40 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BBZ20 UT WOS:000228354100058 ER PT B AU Pallett, DS AF Pallett, DS GP IEEE TI A look at NIST's benchmark ASR tests: Past, present, and future SO ASRU'03: 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION AND UNDERSTANDING ASRU '03 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (ASRU 03) CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2003 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE AB This paper discusses the role that the NIST Speech Group has played by coordinating and implementing objective benchmark tests in the automatic speech recognition research community. From 1987, when the first tests were implemented, to the present time, at which the Rich Transcription concept has been developed, the tests have served to document the state-of-the art. Testing has involved a number of different, but complementary, domains. These test results document the progress of the technology - ever-lower WERs with continued attention to the task domain of the era, and several changes of focus to address ever-more challenging tasks. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pallett, DS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7980-2 PY 2003 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1109/ASRU.2003.1318488 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAM13 UT WOS:000222782800083 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Douglas, A Hahmann, A Berbery, EH Gutzler, D Shuttleworth, J Stensrud, D Amador, J Carbone, R Cortez, M Douglas, M Lobato, R Meitin, J Ropelewski, C Schemm, J Schubert, S Zhang, CD AF Higgins, RW Douglas, A Hahmann, A Berbery, EH Gutzler, D Shuttleworth, J Stensrud, D Amador, J Carbone, R Cortez, M Douglas, M Lobato, R Meitin, J Ropelewski, C Schemm, J Schubert, S Zhang, CD TI Progress in Pan American CLIVAR Research: The North American Monsoon System SO ATMOSFERA LA English DT Review DE monsoon; precipitation ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME; DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MEXICAN MONSOON AB The overall goal of Pan American CLIVAR Research on the North American Monsoon System is to determine the sources and limits of predictability of warm season precipitation over North America, with emphasis on time scales ranging up to seasonal-to-interannual. To achieve this goal, several research objectives have been identified including (1) a better understanding of the key components of the monsoon system and their temporal and spatial variability, (2) a better understanding of the role of this system within the global water cycle, (3) improved observational data sets, and (4) improved simulation and monthly-to-seasonal prediction of the monsoon and regional water resources. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress made towards achieving these objectives and to highlight some of the future challenges based on gaps in our understanding. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD USA. Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. Columbia Univ, IRI Climate Predict, LDEO, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, RSMAS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Anal Branch, Climate Predict Ctr, MWS,MCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010; Hahmann, Andrea/B-7541-2015 OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345; Hahmann, Andrea/0000-0001-8785-3492 NR 131 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM PI MEXICO CITY PA CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO SN 0187-6236 J9 ATMOSFERA JI Atmosfera PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 29 EP 65 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650ZG UT WOS:000181294300003 ER PT S AU Weng, FZ Liu, QH AF Weng, FZ Liu, QH BE Sun, Z Jin, FF Iwasaki, T TI Assimilation of satellite cloudy radiances: Forward and adjoint radiative transfer modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROCESSES, DYNAMICS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Processes, Dynamics, and Climate Change CY OCT 25-27, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Communicat Res Lab, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data, & Informat Serv, Off Res & Appl, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, China Natl Space Adm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Gov Hangzhou, Micigan Aerosp Corp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE data assimilation; NWP; radiative transfer; adjoint ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; SEA-SURFACE; MICROWAVE; EMISSIVITY; SCATTERING AB Satellite sensor designs, data assimilation and retrievals of geophysical parameters all require a fast and accurate radiative transfer model. In general, Stokes vector can be derived from the differential and integral radiative transfer equation. The discrete ordinate method was developed to approximate the integral term so that the equation is linearized to a set of the ordinary differential equations that are then solved from the eigenvalue method. In this study, we further derives the radiance gradient (Jacobian) for a scattering and emission atmosphere, which is a crucial component in satellite data assimilation. In addition, we also review land and ocean surface emissivity models affecting both the forward and adjoint computations. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4685-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4899 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.466701 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BW63M UT WOS:000182656000009 ER PT S AU Micheals, RJ Grother, P Phillips, PJ AF Micheals, RJ Grother, P Phillips, PJ BE Kittler, J Nixon, MS TI The NIST HumanID evaluation framework SO AUDIO-AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IEE, British Machine Vis Assoc, Dept Trade & Ind, Springer Verlag GmbH HO UNIV SURREY AB The NIST HumanID Evaluation Framework, or HEF, is an effort to design, implement, and deploy standards for the robust and complete documentation of the biometric system evaluation process. The HEF leverages contemporary technologies, specifically XML, for the formal description of biometric tests. The HEF was used to facilitate the administration of the Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2002. Unlike FRVT 2000 or the FERET 1996 evaluations, FRVT 2002 used a large number (over 100,000) of both still and video facial imagery, warranting the development of a more sophisticated and regular means of describing data presented to the participants. The HEF is one component in NIST's ongoing effort to address the need in the biometrics community for a common evaluation framework. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Micheals, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40302-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2688 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX31Z UT WOS:000184940200048 ER PT S AU Grother, P Micheals, RJ Phillips, PJ AF Grother, P Micheals, RJ Phillips, PJ BE Kittler, J Nixon, MS TI Face recognition vendor test 2002 performance metrics SO AUDIO-AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IEE, British Machine Vis Assoc, Dept Trade & Ind, Springer Verlag GmbH HO UNIV SURREY AB We present the methodology and recognition performance characteristics used in the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2002. We refine the notion of a biometric imposter, and show that the traditional measures of identification and verification performance, are limiting cases of the open-universe watch list task. The watch list problem generalizes the tradeoff of detection and identification of persons of interest against a false alarm rate. In addition, we use performance scores on disjoint populations to establish a means of computing and displaying distribution-free estimates of the variation of verification vs. false alarm performance. Finally we formalize gallery normalization, which is an extension of previous evaluation methodologies; we define a pair of gallery dependent mappings that can be applied as a post recognition step to vectors of distance or similarity scores. All the methods are biometric non-specific, and applicable to large populations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grother, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40302-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2688 BP 937 EP 945 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX31Z UT WOS:000184940200109 ER PT S AU Flynn, PJ Bowyer, KW Phillips, PJ AF Flynn, PJ Bowyer, KW Phillips, PJ BE Kittler, J Nixon, MS TI Assessment of time dependency in face recognition: An initial study SO AUDIO-BASED AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IEE, British Machine Vis Assoc, Dept Trade & Ind, Springer Verlag GmbH HO UNIV SURREY ID ALGORITHMS AB As face recognition research matures and products are deployed, the performance of such systems is being scrutinized by many constituencies. Performance factors of strong practical interest include the elapsed time between a subject's enrollment and subsequent acquisition of an unidentified face image, and the number of images of each subject available. In this paper, a long-term image acquisition project currently underway is described and data from the pilot study is examined. Experimental results suggest that (a) recognition performance is substantially poorer when unknown images are acquired on a different day from the enrolled images, (b) degradation in performance does not follow a simple predictable pattern with time between known and unknown image acquisition, and (c) performance figures quoted in the literature based on known and unknown image sets acquired on the same day may have little practical value. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM flynn@nd.edu; kwb@nd.edu; jonathon@nist.gov RI Flynn, Patrick/J-3388-2013; OI Flynn, Patrick/0000-0002-5446-114X; Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 12 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40302-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2688 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX31Z UT WOS:000184940200006 ER PT B AU Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Agostini, VN AF Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Agostini, VN BE Browman, HI Skiftesvik, AB TI Complexity and constraints combined in simple models of recruitment SO BIG FISH BANG LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL OS, NORWAY SP Norwegian Inst Marine Res, Univ Bergen, Res Council Norway, European Commiss, Fifth Framework Programme, Qual Life & Management Living Resources, Norwegian Agcy Dev Cooperat, Norwegian Minst Foreign Affairs DE year class strength; walleye pollock; Pacific hake; complex ecosystems; biocomplexity ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; PACIFIC HAKE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; ALASKA; LARVAL; GULF; SURVIVAL AB A simple model is described that uses a combination of stochastically varying mortality during early life and deterministically-driven mortality in the juvenile phase to simulate recruitment. The model is applied to data on walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Gulf of Alaska and Pacific hake Merluccius productus in the California Current region to simulate a recruitment time series for each stock. When compared with observed recruitment time series, the model simulations accurately capture the trends and characteristics of recruitment for these stocks, demonstrating the interplay of high frequency activating factors and low frequency constraining factors in the complex process of recruitment. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST MARINE RESEARCH PI BERGEN PA THE LIBRARY, PO BOX 1870 NORDNES, N-5024 BERGEN, NORWAY BN 82-7461-059-8 PY 2003 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY09T UT WOS:000187621800021 ER PT B AU Duffy-Anderson, JT Ciannelli, L Honkolehto, T Bailey, KM Sogard, SM Springer, AM Buckley, T AF Duffy-Anderson, JT Ciannelli, L Honkolehto, T Bailey, KM Sogard, SM Springer, AM Buckley, T BE Browman, HI Skiftesvik, AB TI Distribution of age-1 and age-2 walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea: sources of variation and implications for higher trophic levels SO BIG FISH BANG LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL OS, NORWAY SP Norwegian Inst Marine Res, Univ Bergen, Res Council Norway, European Commiss, Fifth Framework Programme, Qual Life & Management Living Resources, Norwegian Agcy Dev Cooperat, Norwegian Minst Foreign Affairs DE vertical distribution; North Pacific; juvenile fish; walleye pollock ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PREY SELECTION; OF-ALASKA; CANNIBALISM; VARIABILITY AB Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is the predominant groundfish species in the North Pacific Ocean, and it is a focal point in the ecology of the region. However, there is only a limited knowledge of the distribution of the juveniles of this species (age-1 and age-2 individuals). We examine the horizontal and vertical distribution of age-1 and age-2 walleye pollock in the eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska and relate observed patterns to key physical (temperature, latitude, longitude, bathymetry) and biological (diet, physiology) characteristics. We used data collected from three sources: a field survey conducted in the Gulf of Alaska (2001), field data collected from echo integration trawl surveys in the eastern Bering Sea (1994, 1996, 1997, 1999), and laboratory experiments investigating the behavior and physiology of age-1 and age-2 individuals under various thermal conditions. Results indicate there is the potential for differences in the ecology of walleye pollock between the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Data from 1996 and 1997 indicate that age-1 and age-2 walleye Pollock in the Bering Sea are vertically separated in the water column (though they co occur in other years), with age-1 Pollock located near bottom and age-2 Pollock schooling higher in the water column. However, we did not find evidence of vertical separation among these cohorts in the Gulf of Alaska. Adult Pollock (age-4+) appear to be demersal during the day in both systems. Diet analyses of pollock collected in the Bering Sea (1990-1997) indicate a high degree of cannibalism of age-0s by age-1 and age-2 individuals, though there is no evidence of inter-year class cannibalism in samples collected from the Gulf of Alaska (2001). Additionally, laboratory experiments show that the thermal range of Pollock decreases with age, suggesting that younger fish may be able to exploit more of the vertical water column than older fish because they have greater thermal tolerances. Further work needs to be done to pursue the study of potential differences in spatial separation among cohorts between the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. However if the differences that we observed are reproduced, our laboratory results suggest that, in the Bering Sea, spatial separation could be related to a combination of temperature tolerance and intensive intraspecific predation pressure, while the lack of intraspecific predation pressure in the Gulf of Alaska might permit a greater co-mingling of age classes. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MARINE RESEARCH PI BERGEN PA THE LIBRARY, PO BOX 1870 NORDNES, N-5024 BERGEN, NORWAY BN 82-7461-059-8 PY 2003 BP 381 EP 394 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY09T UT WOS:000187621800025 ER PT S AU Boreman, J Friedland, KD AF Boreman, J Friedland, KD BE Limburg, KE Waldman, JR TI Sensitivity of American shad to changes in fishing mortality SO BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE WORLD'S SHADS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Status and Conservation of Shads World Wide CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Norcross Wildlife Fdn, US Fisha Wildlife Serv, Hudson River Estuary Management Program, Reg 5, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Constellat Energy Grp, Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, S Carolina Dept Natural Resources, Elect Power Res Inst, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv ID ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; WATERS AB The American shad Alosa sapidissima is an anadromous species that occurs along the Atlantic coast from southern Labrador to northern Florida. Many of the spawning runs along the Atlantic coast have been subjected to in-river commercial and recreational fisheries of varying magnitude; consequently, total landings have declined steadily since 1980, and commercial landings in the Northeast USA have been declining since the 1960s. Overall, the Atlantic coast stocks are considered to be fully exploited and well below their historic levels of abundance. We examined the sensitivity of the reproductive potential of the Atlantic coast stocks, expressed as eggs per recruit, to changes in fishing mortality. Our analysis indicates that southern stocks of American shad along the Atlantic coast are less sensitive to changes in fishing mortality than northern stocks. We also found that American shad are as sensitive to fishing mortality as other shad species but more sensitive than other migratory fish species occupying the same range along the Atlantic coast. We conclude that the current management strategy to restore American shad stocks by improving habitat and fish passage, stocking, and inter-basin transfers will yield much stronger dividends than a strategy of stock restoration based solely on reduction of fishing mortality. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Boreman, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM john.boreman@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-51-4 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 35 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BX36B UT WOS:000185059300023 ER PT J AU Wang, L Gaigalas, AK Blasic, J Holden, MJ Gallagher, DT Pires, R AF Wang, L Gaigalas, AK Blasic, J Holden, MJ Gallagher, DT Pires, R TI Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between donor-acceptor pair on two oligonucleotides hybridized adjacently to DNA template SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence resonance energy transfer; donor-acceptor pair; oligonucleotides; DNA template ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; REAL-TIME PCR; MOLECULAR BEACONS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; LIGHTCYCLER TECHNOLOGY; QUANTIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDES; JUNCTION AB We use fluorescein as the energy donor and rhodamine as the acceptor to measure the efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a set of hybridized DNA constructs. The two fluorophores are covalently attached via linkers to two separate oligonucleotides with fluorescein at the 3' end of one oligonucleotide and rhodamine at the 5' end or in the middle of another nucleotide. For the FRET analysis both fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides are hybridized to adjacent sections of the same DNA template to form a three-component duplex with a one base gap between the two labeled oligonucleotides. A similar configuration is implemented for a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with LightCycler technology, where a 1-5 base separation between donor and acceptor is recommended to optimize energy transfer efficiencies. Our constructs cover donor-acceptor separations from 2 to 17 base pairs (similar to10-70 Angstrom). The results show that, when the two fluorophores are located at close distances (less than 8 base separation), FRET efficiencies are above 80%, although there may be ground-state interactions between fluorophores when the separation is under about 6 bases. Modeling calculations are used to predict the structure of these three-component constructs. The duplex mostly retains a normal double helical structure, although slight bending may occur near the unpaired base in the DNA template. Stable and reproducible energy transfer is also observed over the distance range investigated here in real-time thermal cycling. The study identifies important parameters that determine FRET response in applications such as real-time PCR. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Invitrogen Corp, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 72 IS 6 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1002/bip.10482 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 741XG UT WOS:000186485200001 PM 14587062 ER PT B AU Cavicchi, RE Thomas, OC Ross, DJ Montgomery, CB Kreider, KG Tarlov, MJ AF Cavicchi, RE Thomas, OC Ross, DJ Montgomery, CB Kreider, KG Tarlov, MJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Microscale microsecond calorimetric sensing SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc AB Simple platinum metal lines are used for fast calorimetric measurements through the use of microsecond voltage pulses and measurement of the transient resistance changes of the metal line. When the metal line is immersed in water, microsecond voltage pulses may be used to superheat water and initiate microboiling on the heater. The nucleation of bubbles in superheated water produces an inflection point in the resistance-time transient that is shown to be sensitive to the presence of dilute species in the water and to the surface treatment of the metal line. We demonstrate effects of surfactant on the nucleation of bubbles in water in a microchannel. The effect of surface treatment is compared using hydrophobic and hydrophilic self-assembled monolayers formed on a thin gold plated coating on the Pt heater. Hydrophobic surfaces show a lower nucleation temperature. Selective coatings that change hydrophobicity in the presence of an analyte have potential for a new sensing approach. A final application is a humidity sensor, which uses fast voltage pulses to detect the calorimetric vaporization of water for dewpoint hygrometry. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cavicchi, RE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 1168 EP 1171 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300294 ER PT J AU Sheridan, P Minello, TJ AF Sheridan, P Minello, TJ TI Nekton use of different habitat types in seagrass beds of Lower Laguna Madre, Texas SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HALODULE-WRIGHTII ASCHERS; PRAWNS PENAEUS-ESCULENTUS; SITU LIGHT REDUCTION; COVERED MUD BANKS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FLORIDA BAY; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; AUSTRALIAN ESTUARY; SEASONAL GROWTH; GALVESTON BAY AB We compared densities of fishes and decapods among three types of undisturbed seagrass beds (Halodide wrightii, Syringodium filiforme, and Thalassia testudinum) and three dredged material areas (old deposits revegetated by mixed seagrasses, and new experimental deposits planted with Halodule wrightii or left to revegetate naturally). Planted beds failed, and both types of experimental deposits remained nonvegetated sandy mud throughout the study. We collected nekton with a 1-m(2) enclosure sampler in spring and fall of both 1996 and 1997, simultaneously collecting data on seagrass, sediment, and water column characteristics. Densities of total fishes, total decapods, and most numerical dominants were usually significantly higher in seagrass beds compared with nonvegetated bottom, as were fish and decapod biomasses. Among seagrass beds, nekton densities were often significantly higher in revegetated dredged material and Thalassia testudinum, particularly in spring. Regression models indicated that densities of most dominant species were related primarily to seagrass characteristics and less to sediment or water column parameters. Nekton densities in Lower Laguna Madre seagrass beds were typically lower than those found elsewhere in the Gulf of Mexico, but the large acreage of seagrasses in this estuary probably supports the high fisheries productivity found along the south Texas coast. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Sheridan, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 37 EP 61 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 709YA UT WOS:000184653100003 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Faunce, CH Lorenz, JJ AF Serafy, JE Faunce, CH Lorenz, JJ TI Mangrove shoreline fishes of Biscayne Bay, Florida SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on Linkages between Inshore Back Reef Habotats, Biodiversity and Productivity of Offshore Marine Ecosystems CY DEC, 2001 CL W PALM BEACH, FLORIDA ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; SEAGRASS BEDS; JUVENILE FISH; FOOD-HABITS; PUERTO-RICO; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; DIEL AB Biscayne Bay is a shallow subtropical lagoon on Florida's southeastern coast that is bordered to the west by the mainland and to the east by barrier islands and keys. Fish assemblages inhabiting two types of mangrove-lined shoreline that encompass the Bay were examined using a visual 'belt-transeet' census method over four consecutive seasons. Several significant differences were evident between shoreline habitats in terms of fish species composition, taxonomic richness and taxon-specific densities; seasonal changes and fish size-structure differences were few. The mangrove shorelines along the mainland (ML) consistently harbored less fish taxa than those on the leeward side of the islands and keys (LK), but harbored higher densities of several curyhaline forms (i.e., killifishes and livebearers). Densities of fishes that are typically associated with coral reef habitats (i.e., snappers and grunts) tended to be higher within LK vs ML mangrove shorelines, but there were exceptions (e.g., great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda). For five fish species, length-frequency distributions were compared between the Bay's mangrove shorelines and nearby coral reef habitats. These data comparisons lent partial support to an ontogenetic 'mangrove-to-reef' migration model for only two of the five species examined. Results suggest that these shoreline habitats play varying ontogenetic and trophic roles, depending on location, season and fish species. Biscayne Bay's mangrove shoreline fish assemblages appear to reflect: (1) proximity of the mangroves that they occupy to offshore reef habitats; (2) salinity regime along the shoreline; and (3) water depths within the mangrove forest interior. The fish assemblage information collected here may serve as a 'baseline' in future assessments of fishing impacts or the effects of other anthropogenic changes to Biscayne Bay and its watershed. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Se Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Audubon Soc, Tavernier Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33030 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Se Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 77 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 161 EP 180 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 709YA UT WOS:000184653100011 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Aronson, RB Murdoch, TJT AF Miller, MW Aronson, RB Murdoch, TJT TI Monitoring coral reef macroalgae: Different pictures from different methods SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERBIVORY; JAMAICA; BLOOMS; ALGAE AB Despite the low coral abundance and high macroalgal abundance on many coral reefs worldwide, coral reef monitoring programs often focus narrowly on hard corals. As part of a benthic monitoring program to assess the effects of no-take marine reserves in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, we compared two measures of macroalgal abundance: percent cover estimated from video transects and biomass estimated from harvested quadrats. The overall patterns of macroalgal abundance were similar between the two methods, but the species-specific resolution of assemblage structure was much greater in the biomass sampling. Neither method provided adequate estimates of crustose coralline algae nor algal turf abundance. Considering the present emphasis on improving and coordinating coral reef monitoring on both national and global scales, we advocate inclusion and standardization of the estimation and reporting of reef macroalgal abundance. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 709YA UT WOS:000184653100014 ER PT J AU Waliser, DE Lau, KM Stern, W Jones, C AF Waliser, DE Lau, KM Stern, W Jones, C TI Potential predictability of the Madden-Julian oscillation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EXTENDED-RANGE PREDICTION; AUSTRALIAN SUMMER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL TIME SCALES; CUMULUS CLOUD ENSEMBLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL CONVECTION C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Waliser, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM duane.waliser@stonybrook.edu RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 79 TC 152 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-1-33 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 642BM UT WOS:000180784200012 ER PT S AU Bonnefond, P Haines, B Born, G Exertier, P Gill, S Jan, G Jeansou, E Kubitschek, D Laurain, O Menard, Y Orsoni, A AF Bonnefond, P Haines, B Born, G Exertier, P Gill, S Jan, G Jeansou, E Kubitschek, D Laurain, O Menard, Y Orsoni, A BE Tsuchiya, K TI Calibrating the Jason-1 measurement system: Initial results from the Corsica and Harvest verification experiments SO CALIBRATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS, PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calibration, Characterization of Satellite Sensors, Physical Parameters Derived from Satellite Data CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR, IAF, NASA, NOAA, CSA, CNES, EUMETSAT, ESA, NASDA ID TOPEX/POSEIDON AB We present calibration results from Jason-1 (2002-) and TOPEX/Poseidon (1992-) overflights of dedicated verification sites on the Mediterranean island of Corsica and on a California offshore oil platform (Harvest). Harvest served for a decade (1992-2002) as a calibration site for the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission, and is serving in a similar capacity for Jason-1. Initiated in 1996, the Corsica experiment features a fiducial reference station near Aspretto, and a primary sub-satellite tide-gauge deployment site 40 km south at Cape Senetosa. Both Corsica and Harvest feature carefully designed collocations of space-geodetic and tide-gauge systems to support the absolute calibration of the altimetric sea-surface height (SSH). Early estimates of the SSH bias from Harvest and Corsica are in excellent agreement, indicating that interim SSH measurements from Jason-1 were too high by +5 +/- 1 cm (one standard error). By incorporating improved estimates of the Jason-1 sea-state bias and columnar atmospheric wet path delay, we observe a significant increase-to about 12 cm-in the SSH. Excepting the bias, the high accuracy of the Jason-1 measurements is in evidence from early overflights. In addition to providing important insight on the accuracy of the science data products during the validation phase of the mission, the estimates of the SSH bias and stability from Corsica, Harvest and other calibration programs will be used to link the T/P and Jason-1 sea-level records. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CERGA, Observ Cote Azur, F-06130 Grasse, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOVELTIS, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31000 Toulouse, France. Inst Geog Natl, CNES, F-31000 Toulouse, France. RP Bonnefond, P (reprint author), CERGA, Observ Cote Azur, Av N Copernic, F-06130 Grasse, France. EM Pascal.Bonnefond@obs-azur.fr NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2135 EP 2140 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00683-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BY23G UT WOS:000188360500006 ER PT S AU Bering, EA Koontz, SL Evans, DS Katz, I Gardner, BM Suggs, RM Minow, JI Dalton, PJ Ferguson, DC Hillard, GB Counts, JL Barsamian, H Kern, J Mikatarian, R AF Bering, EA Koontz, SL Evans, DS Katz, I Gardner, BM Suggs, RM Minow, JI Dalton, PJ Ferguson, DC Hillard, GB Counts, JL Barsamian, H Kern, J Mikatarian, R BE Tsuchiya, K TI Calibrating and deriving physical parameters using plasma contactor data from the International Space Station SO CALIBRATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS, PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calibration, Characterization of Satellite Sensors, Physical Parameters Derived from Satellite Data CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR, IAF, NASA, NOAA, CSA, CNES, EUMETSAT, ESA, NASDA AB The International Space Station (ISS) regularly passes through the southern auroral oval south of Australia. The ISS has two plasma contactors that emit the electron currents needed to balance electron collection by surfaces such as the lattice of bare rods on the solar array masts. These electron currents exceed 0.1 A at times. The largest currents are observed in the auroral oval south of Australia. On the space station, the solar array 40 m. long masts each have over 400 m of stainless steel tensioning rods. When subject to orbital v x B.1 induced potentials, the rods collect substantial currents from the ionosphere. Maximum v x B.1 potentials are generated near the magnetic poles. The plasma contactor emission current can be converted to an estimate of plasma density and calibrated using Floating Potential Probe (FPP) and other data. These measurements show that the plasma density in the nighttime auroral ionosphere is frequently several times that predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-90 and IRI-2001 models. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, ECE Dept, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NASA, JSC, Adv Space Propuls Lab, Space Ctr 1300, Houston, TX 77059 USA. NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NASA, GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Rocketdyne Propuls & Power Div, Canoga Pk, CA USA. ISS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bering, EA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 617 Sci & Res 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM eabering@uh.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2343 EP 2348 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00713-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BY23G UT WOS:000188360500035 ER PT J AU Szalai, EB Fleischer, GW Bence, JR AF Szalai, EB Fleischer, GW Bence, JR TI Modeling time-varying growth using a generalized von Bertalanffy model with application to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) growth dynamics in Lake Michigan SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; POPULATION; SIZE; FISH; AGE; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; SNAPPER; DENSITY; SOLE AB A concurrent increase in lakewide abundance and decrease in size-at-age of bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan have suggested density-dependent growth regulation. We investigated these temporal patterns by fitting a dynamic von Bertalanffy model and length-weight relationship with time-varying parameters to mean length- and weight-at-ages (ages 1-7) from annual surveys (1965-1999). We modeled yearling length, asymptotic size (L-infinity), and the parameters of a power relationship between mean weight and mean length (alpha and beta) as changing slowly over time using a random walk model. The Brody growth coefficient (k) was modeled as a linear function of L-infinity with year-specific random deviations. Our results support a positive relationship between L-infinity and k, indicating that under conditions supporting larger asymptotic lengths, individuals approach the asymptote more rapidly. We explored the relationship between year-specific growth parameters and indices of lakewide bloater abundance and found evidence of density-dependent growth. However, in the most recent years, L-infinity and yearling length have remained low in Lake Michigan despite low bloater abundances, suggesting the occurrence of a fundamental shift in the food web. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NOAA Fisheries NWFSC, FRAM Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Szalai, EB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1139/F03-003 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 655LW UT WOS:000181554700007 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH AF Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH TI Temperature dependence of polyhedral cage volumes in clathrate hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The polyhedral cage volumes of structure I (sI) (carbon dioxide, methane, trimethylene oxide) and structure II (sII) (methane-ethane, propane, tetrahydrofuran, trimethylene oxide) hydrates are computed from atomic positions determined from neutron powder-diffraction data. The ideal structural formulas for sI and sII are, respectively, S2L6 . 46H(2)O and S16L'(8) . 136H(2)O, where S denotes a polyhedral cage with 20 vertices, L a 24-cage, and L' a 28-cage. The space-filling polyhedral cages are defined by the oxygen atoms of the hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Collectively, the mean cage volume ratio is 1.91 : 1.43 : 1 for the 28-cage : 24-cage : 20-cage, which correspond to equivalent sphere radii of 4.18, 3.79, and 3.37 Angstrom, respectively. At 100 K, mean polyhedral volumes are 303.8, 227.8, and 158.8 Angstrom(3) for the 28-cage, 24-cage, and 20-cage, respectively. In general, the 20-cage volume for a sII is larger than that of a sI, although trimethylene oxide is an exception. The temperature dependence of the cage volumes reveals differences between apparently similar cages with similar occupants. In the case of trimethylene oxide hydrate, which forms both sI and sII, the 20-cages common to both structures contract quite differently. From 220 K, the sII 20-cage exhibits a smooth monotonic reduction in size, whereas the sI 20-cage initially expands upon cooling to 160 K, then contracts more rapidly to 10 K, and overall the sI 20-cage is larger than the sII 20-cage. The volumes of the large cages in both structures contract monotonically with decreasing temperature. These differences reflect reoriented motion of the trimethyelene oxide molecule in the 24-cage of sI, consistent with previous spectroscopic and calorimetric studies. For the 20-cages in methane hydrate (sI) and a mixed methane-ethane hydrate (sII), both containing methane as the guest molecule, the temperature dependence of the 20-cage volume in sII is much less than that in sI, but sII is overall larger in volume. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1139/P02-141 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100023 ER PT J AU Rondinone, AJ Jones, CY Marshall, SL Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Lara-Curzio, E AF Rondinone, AJ Jones, CY Marshall, SL Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Lara-Curzio, E TI A sapphire cell for high-pressure, low-temperature neutron-scattering experiments on gas hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER AB A single-crystal sapphire cell for performing neutron-scattering experiments on gas hydrates synthesized in situ was designed and fabricated to operate at pressures up to 350 bar (1 bar = 10(5) Pa) and temperatures between 10 and 300 K. The single-crystal cell is cut off-axis from the c-axis of sapphire to avoid Bragg diffraction in the scattering plane for the Debye-Scherrer geometry. The cell is pressurized from a boosted pumping station via a small-diameter stainless-steel pipe. The cell is cylindrical with no external supports. The design of the cell allows the unobstructed detection of neutrons scattered from the sample. This requirement necessitated a departure from the predominant style of sapphire cells reported in the literature. Several iterations of design modifications and finite-element modeling were performed prior to building the prototype. The cell was tested hydrostatically at room temperature. Preliminary inelastic neutron scattering data are reported to verify the performance of the cell. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rondinone, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS6119,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Marshall, Simon/E-9518-2010; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1139/P03-027 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100046 ER PT J AU Kastelle, CR Shelden, KEW Kimura, DK AF Kastelle, CR Shelden, KEW Kimura, DK TI Age determination of mysticete whales using Pb-210/Ra-226 disequilibria SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LONG-LIVED FISHES; PB-210-RA-226 DISEQUILIBRIA; MACRURONUS-NOVAEZELANDIAE; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; RADIOMETRIC ANALYSIS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BLUE GRENADIER; MARINE SHRIMP; GRAY WHALES; RA-226 AB Accurate age determination is fundamental to the study of population structure and individual growth rates of mysticete whales. Here the disequilibrium between Pb-210 and Ra-226 in the tympanic bullae of two mysticete whale species was investigated for use as a chronometer. Radiometric ageing depends upon accumulation of the naturally occurring radionuclide Ra-226 (exclusive of other U-238 decay-chain members) in the bullae and subsequent retention of its progeny Pb-210. Ages are determined from the Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio. Samples were obtained from five gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) with lengths of 4.5 (a neonate), 7.8, 8.7, 10, and 11.5 m, and two bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) with lengths of 12.9 and 17.4 m. In gray whales, radiometric ages were estimated in the three largest whales. In the neonate, the Pb-210/Ra-226 ratio was above one and was not usable. The 7.8-m gray whale was used to determine the initial Pb-210/Ra-226 ratio required for age determination. We propose a theory of gray whale bullae growth starting at the fetal stage with an open system (with a Pb-210/Ra-226 > 1 and a fast growth rate), which transitions by 1 year old to a closed system (with a Pb-210/Ra-226 << 1 and a slow growth rate). In both bowhead whales, radiometric age could not be estimated because the Pb-210/Ra-226 ratio was above one. The execs Pb-210 in these bullae samples was likely accumulated from the whales' environment via prey, or in the case of the neonate gray whale, across the placental boundary. Our results indicate that the underlying assumptions of the Pb-210/Ra-226 radiometric ageing method may not hold true in bowhead whales. Successful application of this method to bowhead whales is therefore doubtful. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1139/Z02-214 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 656NQ UT WOS:000181614200003 ER PT J AU Swartz, SL Cole, T McDonald, MA Hildebrand, JA Oleson, EM Martinez, A Clapham, PJ Barlow, J Jones, ML AF Swartz, SL Cole, T McDonald, MA Hildebrand, JA Oleson, EM Martinez, A Clapham, PJ Barlow, J Jones, ML TI Acoustic and visual survey of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) distribution in the eastern and southeastern Caribbean Sea SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) historically ranged throughout the eastern and southeastern Caribbean Sea during the winter months. Commercial whaling from the 1820s to the early 1900s depleted the population. A combined passive acoustic and visual survey for humpback whales was conducted to assess the current winter distribution of this species in areas where it was exploited to depletion, and to evaluate the effectiveness of using passive acoustic survey methods to detect and locate humpback whales. Visual surveys were conducted independently but simultaneously with acoustic surveys to compare both detection methods. Humpback whale song was detected throughout the entire survey area, indicating that the species continues to occupy its historical range. A total of 31 sightings were made (n = 46 individuals, including three calves). In contrast, at least 78 unique acoustic detections of different singing males was made. The greater number of whales detected acoustically demonstrated the advantage of passive acoustic methods over visual methods for detecting male singing humpback whales; however, some sightings were not detected acoustically, demonstrating that visual methods are superior for detecting non-vocalizing whales. The number of whales detected indicates that the abundance of humpbacks in the eastern and southeastern Caribbean Sea is considerably lower than it was during the 19(th) century whaling period, and much lower than present day abundance in the primary wintering areas in the northeastern Greater Antilles. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Whale Acoust, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cetacean Res Associates, Miami, FL 33157 USA. RP Swartz, SL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 195 EP 208 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 711PJ UT WOS:000184750000005 ER PT J AU Smith, TD Reeves, RR AF Smith, TD Reeves, RR TI Estimating American 19(th) century catches of humpback whales in the West Indies and Cape Verde Islands SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The American whaling fleet sailing out of southern New England ports took many humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from breeding areas in the eastern and western North Atlantic during the second half of the 1800s. The number of voyages destined for 'Atlantic' whaling grounds and the products obtained are well known, but the number of whales killed by region is difficult to estimate partly because of uncertainty about the relative magnitude of whaling effort in the West Indies, Cape Verde Islands, and South Atlantic Ocean. We examined a random sample of logbooks from whaling voyages sailing from 1865 to 1886, stratified by port of departure and amount of whale oil returned. Based on the logbook data, we estimated the proportions of voyages that whaled for humpbacks in the West Indies and the Cape Verde Islands. We also estimated the average number of humpback whales landed in those areas per voyage. The proportions of voyages and average numbers of whales were multiplied by the total number of voyages in each stratum to estimate the number of North Atlantic humpbacks landed. The resulting estimates for the West Indies were higher than those reported by Mitchell and Reeves in 1983 and the estimates for the West Indies and the Cape Verde Islands were lower than those reported by Smith and Reeves in 2002. Our findings generally corroborate the assumptions of previous authors but improve the accuracy of removal estimates and provide measures of precision lacking in earlier studies. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Okapi Wildlife Associates, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Smith, TD (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 757WU UT WOS:000187585100004 ER PT J AU Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Swartz, SL Martinez, A Burks, CM Watkins, WA AF Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Swartz, SL Martinez, A Burks, CM Watkins, WA TI First records of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) for the Puerto Rican Bank, with a review of the species in the Caribbean SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; CETACEANS; HABITATS C1 Univ Metropolitana, Caribbean Marine Mammal Lab, Dept Sci & Technol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mignucci-Giannoni, AA (reprint author), Univ Metropolitana, Caribbean Marine Mammal Lab, Dept Sci & Technol, POB 361715, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 757WU UT WOS:000187585100013 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Guthrie, WF Wang, FW AF Simon, CG Guthrie, WF Wang, FW TI Alginate encapsulation for protection of cells during seeding into calcium phosphate cement SO CELL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Congress of the Cell-Transplant-Society CY MAR 02-05, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Cell Transplant Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP PI ELMSFORD PA 3 HARTSDALE ROAD, ELMSFORD, NY 10523-3701 USA SN 0963-6897 J9 CELL TRANSPLANT JI Cell Transplant. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 680CM UT WOS:000182958800066 ER PT S AU Janezie, MD Kuester, EF Baker-Jarvis, J AF Janezie, MD Kuester, EF Baker-Jarvis, J GP SPIE SPIE TI Broadband permittivity and loss tangent measurements using a split-cylinder resonator SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc AB We summarize a theoretical model for the split-cylinder resonator, based on the mode-matching method, for nondestructively measuring permittivity and loss tangent with the split-cylinder resonator. This new model correctly accounts for the fringing electric and magnetic fields, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the technique. Previously, the split-cylinder resonator has been used for single-frequency permittivity and loss tangent measurements using only the fundamental TE011 resonant mode. Using higher-order TE0np modes, we demonstrated how to measure the permittivity and loss tangent of dielectric substrates over an extended frequency range. We validated the new model by measuring the permittivity and loss tangent from 10 to 50 GHz of fused-silica substrates and compared them with measurement data obtained with a circular-cylindrical cavity, a dielectric-post resonator, and several split-post resonators. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Janezie, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600020 ER PT S AU Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Schenck, P Vaudin, M Suh, J AF Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Schenck, P Vaudin, M Suh, J GP SPIE SPIE TI A model system for interfacial reactions in LTCC materials SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc DE LTCC; interfacial reaction; thermodynamics; kinetics; phase diagram; Ag-Bi2O3-Nb2O5-O ID SILVER ELECTRODES AB Over the past decade, ceramic packaging materials have continued to increase in both chemical and structural complexity. At processing temperatures of 800 degreesC - 900 degreesC, the possibilities for interactions. at interfaces between dissimilar materials are numerous. It is therefore important to establish a method for interpretation and prediction of interfacial reactions. We have investigated the system Ag-Bi2O3-Nb2O5-O as the first step in developing such a method. We have completed an isothermal phase equilibrium diagram at 850 degreesC, which provides the basis for a thermodynamic model. By assuming local. equilibrium and thermodynamic mobility of Ag and Bi2O3 at interfaces, the conventional phase diagram has been recast as an isothermal chemical potential diagram. Comparison of interfacial reaction zones predicted by the chemical potential model with those observed in Ag/BiNbO4 and Ag/BiNb5O14 reaction couples affirms the mobility of Ag at the interface. Thermogravimetric monitoring of O-2 uptake has allowed us to obtain kinetic information as well. The possibility of a combined thermodynamic/kinetic model of interfacial interaction is discussed. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600034 ER PT S AU Geyer, RG Cole, MW AF Geyer, RG Cole, MW BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D Zhu, W Schwartz, R TI Microwave properties of acceptor-doped barium strontium titanate thin films for tunable electronic devices SO CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MULTILAYER ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Multilayer Electronic Devices held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DIELECTRIC RESONATOR AB The influence of Mg-doping on the structure, microstructure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films is measured and analyzed. The films were fabricated on MgO substrates with the metalorganic solution deposition technique using carboxylate-alkoxide precursors and annealed at 800 degreesC in an oxygen atmosphere. The structure, microstructure, surface morphology, and film/substrate compositional quality were evaluated with glancing angle x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy studies. Dielectric properties of unpatterned films were measured at 10 GHz using a coupled and tuned split dielectric resonator system. The Mg-doped BST films exhibited improved dielectric and insulating properties compared to undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films and are candidates for integration into tunable microwave devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Geyer, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, MS 813-01, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-205-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 150 BP 229 EP 244 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY30R UT WOS:000188865600020 ER PT S AU Knight, S AF Knight, S BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Development of metrology at NIST for the semiconductor, industry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID ABSOLUTE REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; THERMAL COEFFICIENTS; NM AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology metrology development for the semiconductor industry and its supporting infrastructure is a broad set of programs directed at many of the critical metrology needs. This paper will give examples of specific projects addressing needs in lithography, critical dimension and overlay, gate dielectric characterization, interconnect materials, and manufacturing support. The paper will emphasize the role collaboration with industry plays in project selection, project success, and transfer to industry. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Microelect Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knight, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Microelect Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400006 ER PT S AU Nguyen, NV Han, JP Kim, JY Wilcox, E Cho, YJ Zhu, WJ Luo, ZJ Ma, TP AF Nguyen, NV Han, JP Kim, JY Wilcox, E Cho, YJ Zhu, WJ Luo, ZJ Ma, TP BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Optical properties of jet-vapor-deposited TiAlO and HfAOIO determined by vacuum utraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID FILMS AB In this report we use vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry (VUV-SE) to determine the optical as well as structural properties of high-k metal oxides, in particular, of hafnium aluminates and titanium aluminates grown by jet-vapor deposition. In our opinion, the adapted approach employed in this study can be applied in most other high-k dielectric thin films which are of great interest in developing a new material replacement for the SiO2 gate dielectric in CMOS and other IC devices. Specifically, VUV spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were performed on a commercial ellipsometer with spectral range from 1.0 eV (1240 nm) to 8.7 eV (143 nm). The Generalized Tauc-Lorentz (GTL) dispersion was used to determine the dielectric functions of these films. An ellipsometric model consisting of two layers of different film densities was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. For the TWO films, only one film was needed in the model to fit the data. The optical bandgaps are seen to increase, while the relative film densities decrease, with increasing Al in the films. In addition, the optical dielectric functions shift to higher energy and decrease in magnitude as the films become more insulating. As a result, the Al appears to be mixed at the atomic level instead of forming a phase separation between HfO2 and Al2O3. For TiAlO, we observed similar results except that the fundamental optical bandgap was not strongly affected by the amount of Al incorporated in the films. In our opinion, the adapted approach employed in this study can be applied in most other high-k dielectric thin films which are of great interest in developing a new material replacement for SiO2 in CMOS and other IC devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Inst Stand & Sci, Div Opt Metrol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Wilcox, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400018 ER PT S AU Benck, EC Golubiatnikov, GY Fraser, GT Pluesquelic, D Lavrich, R Ji, B Motika, SA Karwacki, EJ AF Benck, EC Golubiatnikov, GY Fraser, GT Pluesquelic, D Lavrich, R Ji, B Motika, SA Karwacki, EJ BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Submillimeter-wavelength plasma diagnostics for semiconductor manufacturing SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; REFERENCE CELL; DISCHARGES AB Submillimeter-wavelength, linear-absorption spectroscopy has been applied as a chemical diagnostic of a reactive-ion etching plasma in a modified capacitively coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) reactor. Approximately 1 mW of narrow-band (< 10 kHz) submillimeter radiation between 450 GHz and 750 GHz is produced using a backward-wave oscillator (BWO). The submillimeter method offers high sensitivity for the approximate to 1 MHz linewidth, Doppler-broadened absorption lines typical of gas-phase molecules at a total pressure of less than 133 Pa (1 Torr). A large variety of molecules can be detected, limited primarily by the need for a permanent electric dipole moment and for accurate line frequency predictions, which are often available in the literature. The capabilities of the diagnostic method have been demonstrated by the following three applications: 1) the measurement of water-vapor contamination in the reactor and in the precursor gas; 2) the assessment of progress in the cleaning of the reactor; and 3) the determination of the endpoint in the etching of a SiO2 thin film on silicon. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Benck, EC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400020 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, MA BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Monitoring sheath voltages and ion energies in high-density plasmas using noninvasive radio-frequency current and voltage measurements SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID REFERENCE CELL; DISCHARGES; DISTRIBUTIONS; ARGON AB To obtain optimal results from plasma processing, the energy of ions incident on substrate wafers must be carefully controlled. Such control has been difficult to achieve, however, because no practical method exists for monitoring the energy distributions of ions at a wafer surface during processing. To solve this problem, we have developed a noninvasive, model-based method for determining ion energy distributions (IEDs) that is suitable for use during actual processing in commercial plasma reactors. The method was validated by tests performed in argon and CF4 discharges at 1.3-3.1 Pa (10-23 mTorr) in an inductively coupled, high-density plasma reactor, with radio-frequency (rf) substrate bias at frequencies of 0.1 MHz to 20 MHz. Plasma potential waveforms and sheath voltages obtained from the noninvasive rf technique agreed well with independent measurements made using a capacitive probe. Ion energy distributions from the rf technique were in good agreement with distributions measured by ion energy analyzers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400021 ER PT S AU Kreider, KG Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Kimes, WA Tsai, BK AF Kreider, KG Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Kimes, WA Tsai, BK BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Effects of lightpipe proximity on Si wafer temperature in rapid thermal processing tools SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) are used as temperature monitoring sensors in most rapid thermal processing (RTP) tools for semiconductor fabrication. These tools are used for dopant anneal, gate oxide fori-nation, and other high temperature processing. In order to assure uniform wafer temperatures during processing these RTP tools generally have highly reflecting chamber walls to promote a uniform heat flux on the wafer. Therefore, only minimal disturbances in the chamber reflectivity are permitted for the sensors, and the small 2 mm diameter sapphire lightpipe is generally the temperature sensor of choice. This study was undertaken to measure and model the effect of LPRT proximity on the wafer temperature. Our experiments were performed in the NIST RTP test bed using a NIST thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) calibration wafer. We measured the spectral radiance temperature with the center lightpipe and compared these with the TFTC junctions and with the three LPRTs at the mid-radius of the wafer. We measured LPRT outputs from a position flush with the reflecting plate to within 2 mm of the stationary wafer under steady-state conditions with wafer-to-cold plate separation distances of 6 mm, 10 mm and 12.5 mm. Depressions in the wafer temperature up to 25 degreesC were observed. A finite-element radiation model of the wafer-chamber-lightpipe was developed to predict the temperature depression as a function of proximity distance and separation distance. The experimental results were compared with those from a model that accounts for lightpipe geometry and radiative properties, wafer emissivity and chamber cold plate reflectivity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kreider, KG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400022 ER PT S AU Marinenko, RB Armstrong, JT Turner, S Steel, EB Stevie, FA AF Marinenko, RB Armstrong, JT Turner, S Steel, EB Stevie, FA BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Characterization of SiGe bulk compositional standards with electron probe microanalysis SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Bulk SiGe wafers cut from single-crystal boules were evaluated with the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) for micro- and macroheterogeneity for use as primary standards for future characterization of SiGe thin films on Si that are needed by the microelectronics industry as reference standards. Specimens with nominal compositions of 14 at. %, 6.5 at. %, and 3.5 at. % Ge were rigorously tested with wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) using multiple point, multiple sample, and duplicate data acquisitions. The SiGe14 is a good bulk reference material for evaluation of SiGe thin films. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marinenko, RB (reprint author), NIST, MS 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400028 ER PT S AU Donnelly, MK Mulholland, GW Winchester, MR AF Donnelly, MK Mulholland, GW Winchester, MR BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI NIST calibration facility for sizing spheres suspended in liquids SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB A calibration facility has been developed to measure the peak diameter of particles suspended in liquid using differential mobility analysis (DMA). A description of the facility and the features that contribute to measurements with low uncertainties is included. Analysis of the DMA convolution integral allows correcting for the effects of charging probability, size distribution, and transfer function on the measured peak particle size. Current research using electrospray to aerosolize the particles is aimed at expanding the measurement size interval. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donnelly, MK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400038 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ Jablonski, A AF Powell, CJ Jablonski, A BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Measurement of gate-oxide film thicknesses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID ELASTIC-ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; AUGER; XPS; SIO2; AES AB X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is being used to an increasing extent for the characterization of new gate-oxide materials. particularly for the determination of film composition, uniformity, and thickness. A key parameter for film-thickness measurements by XPS is the effective attenuation length (EAL) for a particular material, photoelectron energy. and measurement configuration. Due to the effects of elastic scattering on signal-electron trajectories, the EAL generally differs from the corresponding electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) and is a function of film thickness and electron emission angle. We present calculations of EALs for four proposed gate-oxide materials: zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide. zirconium silicate. and hafnium silicate. These EALs were obtained from the NIST Electron Effective-Attenuation-Length Database that uses an analytical expression derived from solution of the Boltzmann equation within the transport approximation. The EALs were computed for the relevant photoelectron lines excited by Al characteristic x rays and for a ranee of film thicknesses and emission angles, of practical relevance. The EALs were compared with the corresponding IMFPs to determine the magnitudes of the correction for elastic-scattering effects in each gate-oxide material. For common measurement conditions, this correction varied between 12 % and 20 %. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400039 ER PT S AU Chandler-Horowitz, D Nguyen, NV Ehrstein, JR AF Chandler-Horowitz, D Nguyen, NV Ehrstein, JR BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Assessment of ultra-thin SiO2 film thickness measurement precision by ellipsometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB The ellipsometric film thickness measurement precision for equivalent oxide thickness as prescribed by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors is quite high. Although short-term precision on a single ellipsometric instrument can be quite high, deviations of measured film thickness front instrument-to-instrument and from lab-to-lab for short-term and long-term periods of time need to be addressed. Since the derived film thickness is dependent on many factors, each one has to be dealt with in turn. These factors include: ellipsometric instrument precision and accuracy, consistency of film/substrate modeling, optical constants, regression analysis, and film surface contamination. Recommendations for standard models and optical constants are given along with the need to ensure high ellipsometric instrument precision and accuracy and controlled film surfaces and environmental conditions. In this study ultra-thin refers to oxide films starting at 10 nm and being as thin as the native oxide. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandler-Horowitz, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 326 EP 330 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400040 ER PT S AU Ehrstein, J Richter, C Chandler-Horowitz, D Vogel, E Ricks, D Young, C Spencer, S Shah, S Maher, D Foran, B Diebold, A Hung, PY AF Ehrstein, J Richter, C Chandler-Horowitz, D Vogel, E Ricks, D Young, C Spencer, S Shah, S Maher, D Foran, B Diebold, A Hung, PY BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Thickness evaluation for 2nm SiO2 films, a comparison of ellipsometric, capacitance-voltage and HRTEM measurements SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV DE gate dielectrics; silicon dioxide; thin film metrology AB We have completed a comparison of SiO2 film thicknesses obtained with the three dominant measurement techniques used in the Integrated Circuit industry: ellipsometry, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements and high resolution transmisission electron microscopy (HRTEM). This work is directed at evaluating metrology capability that might support NIST- traceable Reference Materials for very thin dielectric films. Particular care was taken in the design of the sample set to allow redundancy and enable estimates of oxide layer consistency. Ellipsometry measurements were analyzed using a variety of models of the film structure, and C-V results were analyzed using three different quantum-mechanical based algorithms to account for quantized states in the substrate and depletion effects in the polysilicon capacitor electrode. HRTEM results were supplemented with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy. A range of thicknesses was found with each of the methods, but with some overlap of values. HRTEM and STEM values showed less consistency between wafers than the C-V data for the capacitors used and were seen to be More influenced by local variations such as interface non-uniformities. Sources of variation and estimates of uncertainty for the analyses are presented. Implications of these results for Reference Materials are discussed. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400041 ER PT S AU Scott, JHJ AF Scott, JHJ BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Determination of factors affecting HRTEM gate dielectric thickness measurement uncertainty SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Because high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) relies on a complex contrast mechanism to produce images of gate dielectric films in cross section, there are many factors affecting the uncertainty of thickness measurements based on these images. A preliminary survey revealed approximately 50 parameters that affect the uncertainty in a gate dielectric dimensional metrology experiment using HRTEM, along with approximately 1,200 two-term interactions and almost 20,000 three-term interactions. Using established design-of-experiment (DEX) methodologies, I performed a screening experiment based on a 2(IV) ((8-4)) fractional factorial design to determine which factors had the greatest impact on the absolute error of the thickness measurements. Absolute error was determined by simulating HRTEM micrographs using a multislice calculation. The model used for the simulation consisted of a variable SiO2 film approximately 2 nm thick positioned between two pieces of crystalline Si. This approximation to a gate stack was built atom-by-atom using commercial molecular modeling software supplemented with custom Tel scripts to assemble the gate structures from simpler primitives. By varying the molecular model, sample parameters such as crystallographic orientation, film thickness, density, and along-beam thickness can be varied precisely. Instrument parameters and details of the imaging conditions are inputs to the multislice calculation, a simulation technique that has been vetted by the microscopy community and has been in use for decades. Beam tilt, defocus, and vibration amplitude were the main factors found to have the largest effects, while beam-tilt<---->defocus and defocus<---->vibration were the most important two-term interactions. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, JHJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 348 EP 352 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400044 ER PT S AU Read, DT McColskey, JD Geiss, R Cheng, YW AF Read, DT McColskey, JD Geiss, R Cheng, YW BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Microtensile testing of thin films in the optical and scanning electron microscopes SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID XENON DIFLUORIDE; SILICON AB Because thin films are formed by processes different from those used to produce bulk materials, their microstructures, and hence their mechanical properties, are quite different from those of bulk materials of the same chemical composition. While the general principles of conventional mechanical testing are applicable to thin films, special test equipment and techniques are required. These are briefly described here. Present specimen sizes are near the limit of what can be tested in the optical microscope, so techniques useful in the scanning electron microscope are of interest. Test techniques adapted for use in the SEM are presented. These test methods have been applied to pure aluminum films deposited in our laboratory, aluminum films made in a commercial CMOS fab facility, electrodeposited copper, polyimide films, and polysilicon films. The differences among the stress-strain curves for these very different materials were as dramatic as would be expected. Now that some experience with these test techniques has been accumulated and the reproducible results are becoming available, comparisons can be made to expectations based on well-established bulk behavior. Current unresolved materials-science issues include the "deficit" of the quasi-static apparent Young's modulus relative to bulk values of some metals, and the generally low elongation to failure found in tensile tests of free-standing metal films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400045 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, MT Vladar, AE BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Application of high pressure/environmental scanning electron microscopy to photomask dimensional metrology SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB The application of high pressure or environmental microscopy techniques is not new to scanning electron microscopy. However, application of this methodology to semiconductor metrology is new because of the combined need for implementation of high resolution, high brightness field emission technology in conjunction with large chamber and sample transfer capabilities. This methodology employs a gaseous environment to help neutralize the charge build-up that occurs under irradiation with the electron beam. Although potentially very desirable for the charge neutralization, this methodology has not been seriously employed in photomask or wafer metrology until now. This is a new application of this technology to this area, but it shows great promise in the inspection, imaging and metrology of photomasks in a charge-free operational mode. For accurate metrology, this methodology affords a path that minimizes, if not eliminates, the need for charge modeling. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 396 EP 399 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400051 ER PT S AU Zhao, XZ Vorburger, TV Fu, J Song, J Nguyen, CV AF Zhao, XZ Vorburger, TV Fu, J Song, J Nguyen, CV BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI A model for step height, edge slope and linewidth measurements using AFM SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Nano-scale linewidth measurements are performed in semiconductor manufacturing and in the data storage industry and will become increasingly important in micro-mechanical engineering. With the development of manufacturing technology in recent years, the sizes of linewidths are steadily shrinking and are in the range of hundreds of nanometers. As a result, it is difficult to achieve accurate measurement results for nanometer scale linewidth, primarily because of the interaction volume of electrons in materials for an SEM probe or the tip size of an AFM probe. However, another source of methods divergence is the mathematical model of the line itself In order to reduce the methods divergences caused by different measurement methods and instruments for an accurate determination of nanometer scale linewidth parameters, a metrological model and algorithm are proposed for linewidth measurements with AFM. The line profile is divided into 5 parts with 19 sections and 20 key derived points. Each section is fitted by a least squares straight line, so that the profile can be represented by a set of straight lines and 6 special points, or by a 20x2 matrix of fitted points and a 6x2 matrix of starter points. According to the algorithm, W-T and W-TF, W-M and W-MF, W-B and W-BF represent the widths at the top, the middle and the bottom of the line profile before and after the least squares fitting. respectively. A(L) and A(R) represent the left and right sidewall angles, and H represents the step height of the line profile. Based on this algorithm, software has been developed using MATLAB for the calculation of width and height parameters of the line profile. A NIST nanometer scale linewidth artifact developed at NIST's Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL) was measured using a commercial AFM with nanotube tips. The measured linewidth profiles are analyzed using our model, algorithm and software. The model developed in this paper is straightforward to understand, and provides a common set of parameters to evaluate the nano-scale line feature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, XZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 400 EP 408 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400052 ER PT S AU Cromer, CL Dowell, ML Jones, RD Keenan, DA Yang, S AF Cromer, CL Dowell, ML Jones, RD Keenan, DA Yang, S BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI A primary standard for 157 nm excimer laser measurements SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; METROLOGY AB Two primary standard calorimeters have been developed for accurate measurements of 157 nm (F-2) excimer laser power and energy. The calorimeter specifications and design are discussed. Results from the construction and testing of the calorimeters, control electronics, data acquisition, and N-2 purge system are presented. These calorimeters have demonstrated a two-fold improvement in sensitivity over existing NIST excimer laser calorimeters. The measurement uncertainty from electrical calibrations is a five-fold improvement over the NIST 193 nm primary standard. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cromer, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, M-S 815-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400053 ER PT S AU Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Dixson, RG Bogardus, EH AF Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Dixson, RG Bogardus, EH BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Critical dimension calibration standards for ULSI metrology SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV DE CD reference materials; linewidth metrology; calibration; atomic force microscopy (AFM); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID MICROSCOPY AB NIST and International SEMATECH are developing single-crystal reference materials for use in evaluating and calibrating critical dimension (CD) metrology tools. Primary calibration of these reference materials uses a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the cross section of the feature at sufficient magnification to resolve and count the individual lattice planes; the transfer calibration is provided by complementary metrology techniques. In previous work, electrical test structure metrology served as the transfer metrology. Recent work has centered on evaluating the performance of these CD reference materials in the metrology tools which we expect will comprise the bulk of their usage: the critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). In particular, a critical dimension AFM (CD-AFM) is particularly useful. This technique uses flared tips and two-dimensional feedback to allow scanning of near-vertical sidewalls. It is currently expected that CD-AFM will serve as an additional transfer calibration technique. Additionally, since earlier samples showed a high variability in the appearance of the samples, additional screening using the CD-SEM and AFM will provide significant improvement to verify that each device meets minimal uniformity characteristics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400055 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Hu, TJ Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Jones, RL Hu, TJ Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Form of deprotection in chemically amplified resists SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB The push to mass production of patterns with sub-100 nm dimensions will require nanometer level control of feature size, including line edge roughness (LER). Control of LER and sidewall roughness within the length scale of individual molecules requires a fundamental understanding of LER formation. For chemically amplified resists, image quality is controlled in part by the diffusion and reaction of small molecule photogenerated acids within the resist. Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) we provide a direct measurement of the form of the deprotection path created by individual acid molecules common to chemically amplified resists. The deprotection path is characterized as spatially heterogeneous, forming a "fuzzy blob". A fundamental factor of LER formation is therefore the packing of these "fuzzy blobs" within the resist, and their subsequent reaction with the developer. Efforts to describe this packing are briefly discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400056 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Hu, TJ Lin, EK Wu, WL Casa, DM Barclay, GG AF Jones, RL Hu, TJ Lin, EK Wu, WL Casa, DM Barclay, GG BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI 3-dimensional lineshape metrology using small angle X-ray scattering SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB The need for sub-nanometer precision metrology of dense patterns for future technology nodes challenges current methods based on light scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We provide results of initial tests of a measurement technique based on small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) capable of rapid measurements of test samples produced using conventional test masks without significant sample preparation. The sub-Angstrom wavelength provides nanometer level resolution, with the possibility of increased precision after further refinement of the technique. SAXS results are shown for a test photoresist grating at a variety of angles, demonstrating an ability to extract information on 3-dimensional pattern shape. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 434 EP 438 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400057 ER PT S AU Jablonski, EL Lenhart, JL Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Temple, K Angelopoulos, M Ito, H AF Jablonski, EL Lenhart, JL Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Temple, K Angelopoulos, M Ito, H BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI NEXAFS measurements of the surface chemistry of chemically amplified photoresists SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used to quantify the surface composition profile (top 1 nm to 6 nm) of model chemically amplified photoresists with various photo-acid generators. These materials are prone to interfacial and surface chemical changes that cause deviations in the desired lithographic pattern such as T-topping and closure. If interfacial excess or depletion of the photo-generated acid occurs, either from atmospheric contamination, evaporation, or segregation within the film, the resulting compositional heterogeneity will affect the interfacial photoresist structure, composition, and deprotection kinetics. A significant technical challenge lies in measuring the surface composition and extent of reaction with depth resolution at interfaces. Electron yield NEXAFS allows measurement of the surface chemical composition, particularly for carbon, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. When exposed to vacuum ultraviolet x-rays (soft x-rays), the top surface of the material releases electrons that can be measured with a high pass grid analyzer electron yield detector. By varying the negative voltage bias at the entrance grid to the electron yield detector, it is possible to differentiate the kinetic energy of electrons escaping from depths up to 6 nm into the film. This measurement capability becomes increasingly important with the drive towards sub-100 nm lithography. As the photoresist film thickness continually decreases and the interfacial regions dominate the behavior of the material, it is crucial to understand both their physical and chemical nature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400058 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Vest, R Tarrio, C Lucatorto, TB AF Grantham, S Vest, R Tarrio, C Lucatorto, TB BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Facility for pulsed extreme ultraviolet detector calibration SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID LITHOGRAPHY; RADIOMETRY AB Extreme ultraviolet lithography, operating at a wavelength of about 13.5 nm, will require high-repetition-rate pulsed sources with average power outputs of over 100 W. As the output of the sources approaches this level, the low-power, continuous-wave calibrations of the detectors used to determine the source output will no longer be valid. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently in the process of commissioning a system for the calibration of Extreme ultraviolet detectors under pulsed conditions similar to those produced by potential sources for extreme ultraviolet lithography. This system incorporates a laser-produced plasma source based on a Kr droplet target. The plasma's output is collimated by a grazing incidence parabolic reflector and split by a Mo/Si multilayer beamsplitter to provide two channels of illumination. Each channel is refocused onto filtered detectors to provide two signals that are proportional to the plasma Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) output. Calibration is done by comparing a detector under test to a detector calibrated at NIST's Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility. In this paper we will describe this calibration facility and the present performance of the two-channel normalization scheme. In addition, conversion of continuous wave to pulsed calibration will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 444 EP 447 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400059 ER PT S AU Wang, MX Lin, EK Karim, A Fasolka, MJ AF Wang, MX Lin, EK Karim, A Fasolka, MJ BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Combinatorial methods study of confinement effects on the reaction front in ultrathin chemically amplified photoresists SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB Sub-100 nm lithography requires more understanding of photoresist material properties and processing conditions to achieve necessary critical dimension control of patterned structures. As resist thickness and feature linewidth decrease. fundamental material properties of the confined resist polymer can deviate from bulk values and impact important processing parameters such as the postexposure bake (PEB) temperature. The significance of these confinement-induced deviations on image or linewidth spread have just been reported recently by Goldfarb el al.. Using a high throughput combinatorial method, we explore this problem much more efficiently, and thoroughly, while offering an increased amount of data. In this work, we employed temperature and thickness gradients to characterize the spatial extent of the reaction-diffusion process in a model chemically amplified photoresist system as a function of PEB temperature and protected polymer thickness. Bilayer samples were prepared with a bottom layer of a protected polymer [poly(p-tert-butoxycarboxystyrene)] and a top layer of a deprotected polymer [poly(4-hydroxystyrene)] loaded with 5% by mass fraction of a photoacid generator. After flood exposure, PEB, and development, changes in the thickness of the protected polymer provided a measure of the extent of the reaction front between the polymer layers. The velocity of the reaction front was significantly reduced with decreasing thickness of the protected polymer layer when its thickness was less than 60 nm or with decreasing PEB temperature under identical processing conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, MX (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400060 ER PT S AU Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Bauer, BJ Soles, CL Wu, WL Lin, EK AF Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Bauer, BJ Soles, CL Wu, WL Lin, EK BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Measurement of pore size and matrix characteristics in low-k dielectrics by neutron contrast variation SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING AB The principle of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) contrast variation is applied to characterization of nanoporous low-k thin films. Pores are filled with mixtures of the hydrogen- and deuterium-containing analogs of a probe solvent by vapor adsorption. By varying the composition of the solvent in the pores, a "contrast match" solvent composition is identified for which the scattered intensity is minimized. The contrast match solvent mixture is subsequently used to conduct SANS porosimetry experiments. In combination with information from X-ray reflectivity and ion scattering, the technique is useful for estimating the density of the matrix (wall) material and the pore size distribution. To illustrate the technique, a porous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) spin-on dielectric is characterized. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hedden, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400079 ER PT S AU Soles, CL Lee, HJ Hedden, RC Liu, DW Bauer, BJ Wu, WL AF Soles, CL Lee, HJ Hedden, RC Liu, DW Bauer, BJ Wu, WL BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI X-ray porosimetry as a metrology to characterize the pore structure of low-k dielectric films SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID THIN-FILMS; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; HYSTERESIS; ADSORPTION; NANOPORES AB X-ray reflectivity porosimetry is a highly sensitive measurement method that utilizes the capillary condensation of a solvent vapor inside porous low-k dielectric films on a silicon substrate. As the partial pressure of the solvent environment over the film increases, capillary condensation occurs in progressively larger pores. This results in an appreciable increase in the electron density of the film. By monitoring the changes in the critical angle for total X-ray reflectance, one can directly calculate the average electron density, and therefore the solvent uptake. By invoking traditional porosimetry absorption/desorption analyses, characteristics such as porosity and the distribution of pore sizes can be extracted. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400081 ER PT S AU Matyi, RJ AF Matyi, RJ BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI High resolution X-ray scattering methods for ULSI materials characterization SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID SILICON; DIFFRACTION AB X-ray analytical methods with high angular resolution are becoming increasingly important for the characterization of materials used in ULSI fabrication. Vendors now market state-of-the-art X-ray tools for the routine analysis of parameters such as layer thickness, chemical composition, strain relaxation, and interfacial roughness. The recent integration of X-ray diffraction and reflectivity systems into fab-compatible process metrology tools suggests that the importance of these techniques will only increase with time. Here we discuss some basic principles of high resolution X-ray methods (notably double- and triple-axis X-ray diffractometry and high resolution X-ray reflectometry) and will describe the capabilities and limitations of these tools for ULSI materials. Reference will be made to "real-life" problems involving bulk and thin-film structures (ranging from amorphous dielectrics and polycrystalline metals to highly perfect epitaxial single crystal materials) to show both the utility and the shortcomings of high resolution X-ray methods. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matyi, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 634 EP 645 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400088 ER PT S AU Gillen, G Wight, S Chi, P Fahey, A Verkouteren, J Windsor, E Fenner, DB AF Gillen, G Wight, S Chi, P Fahey, A Verkouteren, J Windsor, E Fenner, DB BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Bevel depth profiling SIMS for analysis of layer structures SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV AB We are evaluating the use of bevel depth profiling Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for the characterization of layered semiconductor materials. In this procedure, a sub-degree angle bevel is cut into the analytical sample with an oxygen or cesium primary ion beam in a commercial SIMS instrument. The elemental distribution of the resulting bevel surface is then imaged with a focused ion beam in the same instrument. This approach offers maximum flexibility for depth profiling analysis. The primary beam energy, incident angle and species used to cut the bevel can be optimized to minimize ion beam mixing and surface topography independent of the conditions used for secondary ion analysis. In some cases, depth resolution can be greater than available from conventional depth profiling. Removal of residual surface damage/topography created during beveling has also been investigated by the cleaning of the bevel surfaces using gas-cluster ion beam sputtering before imaging analysis. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 710 EP 714 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400099 ER PT S AU Maslar, JE Hurst, WS AF Maslar, JE Hurst, WS BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI In situ optical diagnostics of silicon chemical vapor deposition gas-phase processes SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; SILANE; DYNAMICS; REACTOR AB During silicon thermal chemical vapor deposition, reactions occurring in the gas phase above the wafer surface can strongly influence the deposited film quality. Depending on process conditions (e.g., temperature, silicon precursor, carrier gas, pressure) gas phase reactions can include not only precursor decomposition but also nucleation of silicon nano-particles above the wafer surface. Optical diagnostics were employed to investigate such processes during silicon chemical vapor deposition via silane pyrolysis. Measurements were performed in a vertical flow, rotating disk reactor under various process conditions. Gas phase silicon particle spatial distributions were determined with elastic light scattering. Chemical composition of the particles was investigated in situ with vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra showed that the particles were composed of amorphous silicon and/or crystalline silicon, depending on growth temperature. Raman spectral features of the crystalline silicon also indicated crystalline domain sizes in the ca. 3 nm to ca. 10 nm size range. Gas phase temperature measurements (in the absence of particles) were used to estimate an amorphous-to-crystal line silicon transition temperature of ca. 866 K. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 748 EP 752 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400104 ER PT S AU Vogel, EM Brown, GA AF Vogel, EM Brown, GA BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Challenges of electrical measurements of advanced gate dielectrics in metaloxide-semiconductor devices SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT; MOS-TRANSISTORS; OXIDE MOSFETS; CHARGE; EXTRACTION AB Experimental measurements and simulations are used to provide an overview of key issues with the electrical characterization of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices with ultra-thin oxide and alternate gate dielectrics. Experimental issues associated with the most common electrical characterization method, capacitance-voltage (C-V), are first described. Issues associated with equivalent oxide thickness extraction and comparison, interface state measurement, extrinsic defects, and defect generation are then overviewed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Vogel, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 771 EP 781 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400108 ER PT J AU Davies, MA Cao, Q Cooke, AL Ivester, R AF Davies, MA Cao, Q Cooke, AL Ivester, R TI On the measurement and prediction of temperature fields in machining AISI 1045 steel SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measurement; finite element method; temperature AB Infrared microscopic measurements of the temperature fields at the tool-chip interface in steady-state, orthogonal, machining of AISI 1045 steel are presented for a range of chip thicknesses. The measurements are verified using an energy balance method and simple finite difference calculations (see [14]). These results are compared to the predictions of a finite element calculation using a commercial package for three different material models obtained from the literature. Results are highly dependent on the material model and friction behavior, indicating that caution be used when finite element analysis is to predict rather than interpret machining temperatures. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Precis Metrol, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davies, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Precis Metrol, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60535-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 701BH UT WOS:000184145300020 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Morehouse, BJ AF Diaz, HF Morehouse, BJ BE Diaz, HF Morehouse, BJ TI Climate and water in transboundary contexts - An introduction SO CLIMATE AND WATER: TRANSBOUNDARY CHALLENGES IN THE AMERICAS SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate and Water CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Off Global Programs C1 NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1529-1 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2003 VL 16 BP 3 EP 24 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BX89Y UT WOS:000186761600001 ER PT B AU Ray, AJ AF Ray, AJ BE Diaz, HF Morehouse, BJ TI Reservoir management in the interior west - The influence of climate variability and functional linkages of water SO CLIMATE AND WATER: TRANSBOUNDARY CHALLENGES IN THE AMERICAS SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate and Water CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Off Global Programs ID UNITED-STATES; RIVER BASIN; COLORADO; SNOWPACK; EXTREMES; COLUMBIA; EVENTS; ENSO AB Two trends in the Gunnison Basin of western Colorado are increasing the sensitivity of reservoir systems to climate variability. These trends are increasing water utilization within the basin, especially for environmental purposes, and the increasing importance of functional linkages of the basin's water to other places in the U.S. West. There is a potential for seasonal climate forecasts to provide advance guidance of wet or dry years, which could allow managers to better plan for dry conditions, or to take advantage of wet conditions. Trends in this basin mirror similar trends across the interior West, and thus it is valuable to examine the Gunnison Basin to understand how climate variability interacts with critical water issues facing the larger region, and how this information might be incorporated into decision making for reservoir management. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ray, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1529-1 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2003 VL 16 BP 193 EP 217 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BX89Y UT WOS:000186761600009 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF AF Diaz, HF BE Diaz, HF Morehouse, BJ TI Biomes, river basins, and climate regions - Rational tools for water resources management SO CLIMATE AND WATER: TRANSBOUNDARY CHALLENGES IN THE AMERICAS SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate and Water CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Off Global Programs ID NEW-MEXICO; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM; BORDER AB This chapter makes a case for the use of climate-based boundary definitions for regions where the management of water and biotic resources is of great concern, using as examples the Colorado River system and the southwestern U.S. desert biomes. Dam construction in the U.S. portion of the Colorado River beginning in about 1930 reduced natural flows to the Colorado River Delta to nearly zero by the late 1960s. A delta ecosystem encompassing nearly 2 million acres was nearly extinguished; today it exists within fewer than 200,000 acres. It is suggested that impacts of such magnitude to a major continental river system occurred because of the presence of an international political boundary, and also due to the absence of a decision-making framework for water resources management that takes into account ecological values. Incorporation of data and information regarding possible climatic variations in the future is also emphasized. C1 NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1529-1 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2003 VL 16 BP 221 EP 235 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BX89Y UT WOS:000186761600010 ER PT J AU Hewitt, CD Stouffer, RJ Broccoli, AJ Mitchell, JFB Valdes, PJ AF Hewitt, CD Stouffer, RJ Broccoli, AJ Mitchell, JFB Valdes, PJ TI The effect of ocean dynamics in a coupled GCM simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CLIMATE MODEL; SEA-ICE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GULF-STREAM; PAST; SENSITIVITY; DEGLACIATION AB General circulation models (GCMs) of the climate system are powerful tools for understanding and predicting climate and climate change. The last glacial maximum (LGM) provides an extreme test of the model's ability to simulate a change of climate, and allows us to increase our understanding of mechanisms of climate change. We have used a coupled high resolution ocean-atmosphere GCM (HadCM3) to simulate the equilibrium climate at the LGM. The effect of ocean dynamics is investigated by carrying out a parallel experiment replacing the dynamic three-dimensional ocean GCM with a static thermodynamic mixed-layer ocean model. Changes to the ocean circulation, and feedbacks between the ocean, atmosphere and sea ice have an important influence on the surface response, and are discussed. The coupled model produces an intensified thermohaline circulation and an increase in the amount of heat transported northward by the Atlantic Ocean equatorward of 55degreesN, which is at odds with the interpretation of some proxy records. Such changes, which the thermodynamic mixed-layer ocean model cannot produce, have a large impact around the North Atlantic region, and are discussed in the study. C1 Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell, Berks, England. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Hewitt, CD (reprint author), Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell, Berks, England. RI Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 53 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s00382-002-0272-6 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 642YV UT WOS:000180835700006 ER PT S AU Proni, JR McMillen, RI AF Proni, JR McMillen, RI BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D LopezAguayo, F TI Distinguishing ambient and anthropogenic sediments at sensitive coastal ocean sites SO COASTAL ENGINEERING VI: COMPUTER MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF SEAS AND COASTAL REGIONS SE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Experimental Measurements of Seas and Coastal Regions CY 2003 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, UK Grp AB Often during dredging, beach renourishment, or other coastal engineering activities, questions arise as to whether those activities are causing unintended, unexpected, deleterious environmental impacts. A typical question arising during dredged material disposal operations in a coastal zone, is whether any of the discharged dredged material is being transported out of the designated disposal site to a sensitive coastal ocean site of concern. In Florida (USA), and in the Caribbean, a sensitive coastal ocean site of concern is typically a coral reef location. In dredging operations in Ft Pierce Florida, local citizens expressed concern about a "muck-like" substance, observed covering a coral site, and wondered if it originated from the designated dredged-material disposal site, Proni [1]. To address this concern a long term monitoring program has been undertaken to determine the following: 1) what other potential sources, besides the discharged dredged material, of the "muck-like" material may exist, Trefry [2], 2) what are the biological, chemical and sedimentary characteristics of the "muck-like" material, 3) do any of the other potential sources of material have similar characteristics, 4) do oceanographic and meteorological conditions favor the transport of dredged material from the disposal site to coastal site(s) of concern and, 5) what is the chronological history of the appearance of muck-like material at the site of concern? In this paper a discussion of results obtained to date is presented. Potential other sources of the "muck-like" material are identified and discussed, which include upwelled Atlantic ocean water, flood control releases from canals and bays, and dredging site transport (in contrast to transport from the dredged-material disposal site). Oceanic current observations are presented together with a discussion of potential sediment transport pathways. Potential effects of meteorological phenomena on coastal sediments are also discussed. Statistical cluster analysis of biological parameters suggests an ability to distinguish dredging site related organisms from coastal shelf organisms. C1 NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Proni, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6098 BN 1-85312-977-1 J9 ENVIRON ST PY 2003 VL 9 BP 377 EP 386 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BY79B UT WOS:000189463800037 ER PT J AU Leschine, TM Lind, KA Sharma, R AF Leschine, TM Lind, KA Sharma, R TI Beliefs, values, and technical assessment in environmental management: Contaminated sediments in Puget sound SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Advocacy Coalition Framework; contaminated sediment management; environmental risk; Puget Sound; risk assessment and management ID POLICY; RISK; PERCEPTIONS; SCIENCE AB Principles of risk assessment and risk management are rapidly making their way into environmental policy making. Yet risk assessment has proved problematic in use, since focusing on risks can serve to highlight uncertainties in scientific information or to delineate the differences between risk assessment as a technical procedure and the cultural, social, and institutional dimensions of risk that people also expect to influence risk management decisions. This article examines the use of principles of risk assessment in Washington State's development of management standards for contaminated sediments in Puget Sound. It asks whether and how the use of a mixed quantitative-qualitative hazard assessment approach for contaminated-site ranking, coupled with a strategy of separating technical assessment from consideration of social and economic factors in management decisions on a site-by-site basis, helped foster accord on the management approach selected by the Washington Department of Ecology. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was utilized in the design and analysis of a survey of policy elites that serves as the principal data collection vehicle for this study. ACF attempts to understand the dynamics of policy formation through examination of the beliefs that opposing advocacy coalitions bring to policy disputes, focusing on whether cross-coalition learning occurs in analytical debate over policy. Results show that distinct pro-environment and pro-development advocacy coalitions exist for Puget Sound's contaminated sediments problem. Relatively little disagreement exists across contending coalitions on the ways principles of risk assessment should be applied in ranking contaminated sites for remedial attention, however, suggesting that risk-based management is an area in which cross-coalition learning has occurred. On the other hand, considerable disagreement exists at the policy level, over both the extent to which consideration of risk should drive decisions and the extent to which legal liability should be used to force remedial action. Nevertheless, these diverse actors have proved willing to accept the Department of Ecology's overall approach, suggesting that framing the problem in the language of risk and separating scientific and technical judgments from sociopolitical considerations has had value in moving potential conflict into a realm where a consensus approach can prevail. Difficult political and economic choices remain for the region as the state's sediment management policy continues to evolve. Agreeing to allow major decision points to be framed as problems in risk reduction through parallel but separate processes of risk assessment and risk management has seemingly added resilience to the policy regime developed through the state's rule-making process. ACF emerges in this study as a robust framework for examining the impact of scientific and technical assessment on environmental policy development. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK USA. Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR USA. RP Leschine, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1080/08920750390168273 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638BP UT WOS:000180549800001 ER PT J AU Lenhart, CF AF Lenhart, CF TI A preliminary review of NOAA's community-based dam removal and fish passage projects SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE anadromous fish; dam removal; fish passage; habitat restoration ID RESTORATION ECOLOGY; IMPACTS AB Dams and other stream blockages prevent anadromous fish from accessing large areas of key habitat. The NOAA Community-Based Restoration Program (CRP) supports habitat restoration projects, including 53 dam removal and fish passage projects from 1996 to 2002. This article provides a preliminary review of the biological benefits provided by the first 18 CRP dam removal and fish passage projects supported between 1996 and 1999. These 18 projects improved access to over 160 km of river habitat for many anadromous fish species, especially river herring (Alosa spp.) on the east coast and salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) on the west coast. While fish ladders provide targeted fish species access to key habitat areas, dam removal can improve the health of entire stream ecosystems and provide fish passage to fish species unable to utilize ladders. The CRP complements existing federal regulatory programs by providing a cooperative process at the local level that can restore habitats efficiently and effectively while encouraging long-term stewardship. C1 NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lenhart, CF (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Restorat Ctr, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1080/08920750390168318 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638BP UT WOS:000180549800005 ER PT S AU Boynton, PA Kelley, EF AF Boynton, PA Kelley, EF BE Hopper, DG TI A liquid-filled camera for the measurement of high-contrast images SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Light-measurement instrumentation based upon high-quality charge-coupled-devices (CCD) is currently in use for measuring the characteristics of electronic displays. When such array detectors are used to measure scenes or images having high contrasts or wide color variations, they can suffer from the effects of veiling glare or lens flare and thereby inaccurately measure the darker luminances because of a mixing of the scene luminances or colors. A liquid-filled simulated-eye design (SED) camera was constructed to improve the ability to measure such images by reducing the internal scattering that contributes to the veiling glare. This paper discusses the investigation of the use of various liquids, in particular the effects of scattering within the liquids. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boynton, PA (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS 8114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.1117/12.519602 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100039 ER PT S AU Edmonds, J AF Edmonds, J BE Junger, M Reinelt, G Rinaldi, G TI Submodular functions, matroids, and certain polyhedra SO COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION - EUREKA, YOU SHRINK: PAPERS DEDICATED TO JACK EDMONDS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Combinatorial Optimization CY MAR 05-09, 2001 CL AUSSOIS, FRANCE C1 Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. RP Edmonds, J (reprint author), Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00580-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2570 BP 11 EP 26 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70Z UT WOS:000182866200002 ER PT S AU Edmonds, J Johnson, EL AF Edmonds, J Johnson, EL BE Junger, M Reinelt, G Rinaldi, G TI Matching: A well-solved class of integer linear programs SO COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION - EUREKA, YOU SHRINK: PAPERS DEDICATED TO JACK EDMONDS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Combinatorial Optimization CY MAR 05-09, 2001 CL AUSSOIS, FRANCE C1 Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. IBM Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Edmonds, J (reprint author), Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00580-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2570 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70Z UT WOS:000182866200003 ER PT S AU Edmonds, J Karp, RM AF Edmonds, J Karp, RM BE Junger, M Reinelt, G Rinaldi, G TI Theoretical improvements in algorithmic efficiency for network flow problems SO COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION - EUREKA, YOU SHRINK: PAPERS DEDICATED TO JACK EDMONDS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Combinatorial Optimization CY MAR 05-09, 2001 CL AUSSOIS, FRANCE C1 Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Edmonds, J (reprint author), Natl Bur Standards, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00580-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2570 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70Z UT WOS:000182866200004 ER PT B AU Lee, EJ Manzello, SL Smyth, KC Mulholland, GW AF Lee, EJ Manzello, SL Smyth, KC Mulholland, GW BE Xu, XH Zhao, CS TI Development of laser-induced ion mobility (LIIM) for soot inception SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ASIA-PACIFIC AREA: TODAY AND TOMORROW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion CY NOV 23-26, 2003 CL Southeast Univ, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, China Minist Educ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Power Plant Combust Engn Technol Res Ctr, Nantong Wanda Boiler Co Ltd, CSSC, Nanjing Inst Engn Thermophys HO Southeast Univ DE laser induced ion mobility (LIIM); soot inception; arrival time; mass-mobility correlation ID PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION; FLAMES AB Experimental measurements of laser-induced ion mobility ( HIM) were performed which has been used to measure a few nanometer particles. For the measurement, the precursor soot was ionized using a pulsed laser of 532 nm wavelength and is collected with a tungsten electrode in the postflame region. A premixed ethylene/air flame was operated at incipient sooting conditions and the particle size was determined from the arrival time of the soot ions. The dual electrode geometry is required for more general use of HIM. Comparing with single electrode system, the dual electrode system has more general feature for measurement because it doesn't need to the ground return and can be applied most kinds of burners. In the premixed flame experiments, we considered the optimal configuration of electrode system where several possibilities exist for dual electrode-laser beam geometry. The effects of equivalence ratio and flame height on soot ionization signals were investigated in the post flame region of premixed flame, and the possibility of LIIM technique was examined as the implement for detecting soot inception point. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHEAST UNIV PRESS PI NANJING PA 2 SIPAILOU, NANJING 210096, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-81089-376-9 PY 2003 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY87X UT WOS:000189485100096 ER PT J AU Mellish, JE Loughlin, TR AF Mellish, JE Loughlin, TR TI Lipoprotein lipase in lactating and neonatal northern fur seals: exploring physiological management of energetic conflicts SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactation; lipoprotein lipase; northern fur seals; growth; milk composition; lipid; mammary; blubber ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MILK SECRETION; HOODED SEAL; GREY SEALS; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; MAMMARY-GLAND; FAT TRANSFER; PUP GROWTH AB Otariid lactation and neonatal growth are cyclical processes tied to maternal foraging and nursing patterns (i.e. at sea and on land). Both mother and pup undergo repeated shifts from a positive to a negative energy balance, the physiological mechanisms of which are unclear. We measured plasma and tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in free-ranging northern fur seal mother-pup pairs throughout the first month of lactation. Plasma LPL levels were similar in lactating females (11.3-15.9 U) and growing neonates (8.2-15.2 U). Mammary LPL activity was variable, but highest during the attendance period (3.1 U), while maternal blubber LPL was consistently low (<0.5 U). Neonatal blubber LPL activity was also low (0.2-0.4 U) in accordance with their low growth rates and relatively limited blubber deposition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Mellish, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 149 EP 158 AR PII S1095-6433(02)00221-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 653LL UT WOS:000181436600017 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Feresenbet, E Raghavan, D AF Holmes, GA Feresenbet, E Raghavan, D TI Using self-assembled monolayer technology to probe the mechanical response of the fiber interphase-matrix interphase interface SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE self-assembled monolayer; adhesion; interface strength; silane coupling agent; interphase; interface; matrix; glass fiber; carbon fiber ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; GLYCIDYL ETHER REACTIONS; GAMMA-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE; ADSORBED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-TREATMENT; MODEL COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE FIBERS; EPOXY MATRICES; CARBON-FIBERS AB In this paper, a brief review of the fiber-matrix interphase/interface region is given for carbon- and glass-fiber composites. The substructure of the interphase/interface region is discussed in terms of three interphases: (a) the fiber interphase (FI), (b) the sizing interphase (SI), and (c) the matrix interphase (MI), and two interface regions: (a) the FI-SI interface and (b) the SI-MI interface. These substructures are a synthesis of the ideas advanced by Ishida and Koenig and Drzal. The schematic model of interphase deformation behavior originally given by Bascom is reconstructed to include research results from the above researchers. To systematically probe adhesion at the SI-MI interface, functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) using bonding and non-bonding C(11)-type trichlorosilanes are prepared using the research of Menzel and Heise, and that of Cave and Kinloch as a guide. Results from this research are compared with short chain bonding and nonbonding silanes prepared by aqueous and non-aqueous deposition processes. The data were interpreted using the mechanisms proposed by Sharpe, Ishida and Koenig, and Drzal and the mathematical equation proposed by Nardin and Ward. For the non-bonding short-chain silane deposited by aqueous deposition, 90% of the adhesion was found to be due to mechanical interlocking, with the remaining adhesion due to physicochemical interactions. For the bonding short-chain silane deposited by aqueous deposition, the interface strength relative to the non-bonding short-chain silane increased by 31%. However the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of this system was approximately 40% lower than the comparable bonding SAM interface. This difference was interpreted in terms of the propensity of the C(3)-alkylamine to form cyclic ring structures in the MI region as described by Ishida, Koenig, et al. The SAM data also indicates that 70-85% of the maximum IFSS is obtained with 25-50% of the surface covered with functional groups. This suggests that steric hindrance, due to the size of the DGEBA molecules, restricts access to the functional groups on the surface. Therefore, only 35% of the surface functional groups are accessible for bonding in the DGEBA/m-PDA epoxy resin system. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr M-S 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6440 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 515 EP 546 DI 10.1163/156855403322667250 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 771UE UT WOS:000188803800002 ER PT S AU Lee, S Sriram, K Kim, H Song, J AF Lee, S Sriram, K Kim, H Song, J BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI Performance improvement of deflection routing in Optical Burst Switching networks SO COMPUTATIONAL SICENCE - ICCS 2003, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH AB In Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks, when contention occurs at an intermediate switch, two or more bursts that are in contention can be lost because a forwarding path reservation is not made for a burst until a control message for the burst arrives. While deflection routing protocol is proposed as one of the contention resolution techniques, there has been no appropriate deflection routing algorithm to find an alternate route. In this paper, we propose a novel deflection routing algorithm to compute alternate routes with better performance as compared to other known techniques. This algorithm deflects contending bursts using a path that is based on minimization of a performance measure that combines distance and blocking due to contention. We will show, through simulation results, that there is an improvement in terms of loss with increased network throughput. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sriram, Kotikalapudi/B-3294-2009; Song, Jooseok/G-8615-2012 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40196-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2659 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28L UT WOS:000184831900044 ER PT S AU Kumar, S Marbukh, V AF Kumar, S Marbukh, V BE Gorodetsky, V Popyack, L Skormin, V TI A game theoretic approach to analysis and design of survivable and secure systems and protocols SO COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Models and Architectures for Computer Network Security CY SEP 21-23, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP SPIIRAS, Russian Fdn Basic Res, USAF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, USAF Off Sci Res, USN Res Int Field Off, Binghamton Univ, SUNY AB This paper proposes a game theoretic methodology for analysis and design of survivable and secure systems and protocols. Modem game theory provides a natural setup for dealing with adversarial situations, which may involve multiple adversaries with different objectives, resources, access and risk tolerance, e.g., hackers, terrorists, and national intelligence organizations. The solution based on the game theoretic methodology balances ease of access and cost-effectiveness on the one hand, with survivability, fault tolerance, and security on the other hand. The main methodological difficulty in developing game theoretic model of real systems is quantifications of the "rules of the game", including set of feasible strategies and utility function for each player. Computational challenges result from difficulty of solving games with realistic number of players and feasible strategies. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40797-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2776 BP 440 EP 443 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY02M UT WOS:000187294700041 ER PT S AU Shim, Y Levine, LE Thomson, R Kramer, DE AF Shim, Y Levine, LE Thomson, R Kramer, DE BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Asymptotic behavior of a strain percolation model for a deforming metal SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XV SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; DEFORMATION; COMPLEXITY; SIZE AB In this paper, we present a recent advance in theoretical understanding of a deforming metal, using a strain percolation model which possibly explains spasmodic, fine slip line burst events occurring in the metal. The model addresses how the additional strain nucleated in a cell propagates through a dislocation cell structure, and predicts that near the critical point, the system exhibits critical power-law behavior. It is found that although the model displays long-transient behavior associated with the initial strain in the model, asymptotically critical behavior observed in the system is well explained by standard percolation theory. The long-transient behavior suggests that finite-size effects could be an important factor for the stress-strain relation in the metal. A detailed study reveals that the universal aspects of the model, i.e., the evolution into an initial condition-independent, critical state, arise from collective behavior of a huge number of self-organizing critical cells that develop the minimum or at least marginally stable strain. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shim, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-00087-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2003 VL 90 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BW56Y UT WOS:000182432800016 ER PT J AU Andreas, AK Beichl, I AF Andreas, AK Beichl, I TI Estimating the work in integer partitioning SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB The authors developed an approach for estimating the work done by the best-known integer-partitioning methods for a given data set, and it works without running the partitioning program itself. This method can also estimate the number of perfect partitions in a given data set. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Andreas, AK (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2003.1166552 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 631HX UT WOS:000180163000012 ER PT J AU Ketcham, PM Feder, DL AF Ketcham, PM Feder, DL TI Visualizing Bose-Einstein condensates SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID GAS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Ketcham, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2003.1166557 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 631HX UT WOS:000180163000019 ER PT B AU Ray, SR Jones, AT AF Ray, SR Jones, AT BE JardimGoncalves, R Cha, J SteigerGarcao, A TI Manufacturing interoperability SO CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: ENHANCED INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY JUL 26-30, 2003 CL MADEIRA, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Productiv Enhancement, FCT, Fundacao Oriente, Fundacao Luso Amer, Dept Engenharia Electrotecn, UNINOVA AB As manufacturing and commerce become ever more global in nature, companies are increasingly dependent upon the efficient and effective exchange of information with their partners, wherever they may be. Leading manufacturers rely upon computers to perform this information exchange, which must therefore be encoded for electronic transmission. Because no single company can dictate that all its partners use the same software, standards for how the information is represented become critical for cost-effective, error-free transmission of data. This paper discusses some interoperability issues related to current standards, and describes two projects underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the areas of interoperability testing, and in self-integration research. We believe that tomorrow's standards will rely heavily upon the use of formal logic representations, and that these will enable automation of many integration tasks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ray, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-623-8 PY 2003 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BX40P UT WOS:000185175400068 ER PT S AU Linsky, JL AF Linsky, JL BE Harra, LK TI X-ray coronae of stars: Recent results from Chandra SO CONNECTIONS AND RECONNECTIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Connections and Reconnections in Solar and Stellar Coronae held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 11, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP ESA, CNES, ISAS ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; OPHIUCHI CLOUD; XMM-NEWTON; MASS-LOSS; YY-GEM; CAPELLA; SPECTROSCOPY AB I summarize and comment upon studies of stellar coronae using the remarkable spectroscopic and imaging capabilities of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Nearly all types of stars are detected as X-ray sources, except for the late-B to early-A stars and the cool giants and supergiants. Chandra's high resolution spectroscopy provides emission measure distributions, electron densities, coronal abundances, and tantilizing hints about the structure and evolution of stellar coronae. Chandra's high resolution imaging is resolving the crowded fields of young clusters into their constituent stars from massive O stars to brown dwarfs. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00293-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX89P UT WOS:000186758600004 ER PT J AU Moore, MK Bemiss, JA Rice, SM Quattro, JM Woodley, CM AF Moore, MK Bemiss, JA Rice, SM Quattro, JM Woodley, CM TI Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to identify sea turtle eggs and cooked meats to species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE forensic; mitochondrial DNA; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sea turtles; species identification ID GLOBAL POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MARINE TURTLES; SEQUENCES; PRODUCTS AB One of the many threats to sea turtle populations is the take of turtles and their eggs for consumption and sale. Improved species identification methods for sea turtle eggs and cooked meats would facilitate prosecution of those involved. Fatty acid-based methods to identify eggs cannot resolve loggerheads and the two ridley species. Protein-based methods are not applicable to eggs or cooked meat. We present methods to extract DNA from turtle egg and cooked meat and to produce diagnostic restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns in the cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial DNA. This method works on DNA from any tissue, and provides wildlife law enforcement another tool to combat illegal take of endangered species. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Baruch Inst, Sch Environm,Program Marine Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Moore, MK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res Charleston, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1023/A:1021881319271 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 633EB UT WOS:000180268600008 ER PT J AU Hildner, KK Soule, ME Min, MS Foran, DR AF Hildner, KK Soule, ME Min, MS Foran, DR TI The relationship between genetic variability and growth rate among populations of the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fitness; genetic drift; genetic variability; growth rate; inbreeding ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MAMMALIAN POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; EXTINCTION RISK; ELEPHANT SEAL; HUMAN DNA; RED DEER; FITNESS; HETEROSIS; MICROSATELLITES AB Perhaps the oldest unresolved debate in conservation genetics is whether genetic variability matters - in other words, whether relatively low average genetic variation contributes to deficits in individual and population level vigor and fitness. Using a statistically powerful paired sampling design in which each of three pairs of populations consisted of one high genetic variability and one low genetic variability population from a particular subspecies of the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae, we tested the hypothesis that individuals from populations with lower genetic variability have lower growth rates ( a commonly used surrogate for fitness) than those from populations with higher variability. We measured genetic variability using average allozyme heterozygosity and two measures of DNA fingerprint band sharing ( Jeffreys 33.15 and MS1 probes). The population rankings of the levels of genetic variability among the three measures were concordant. The least squares mean growth rate ( controlling for sex, subspecies and initial mass) of gophers from low variability populations ( 0.41 +/- 0.06 g/day, n = 48) was less than half that of gophers from high variability populations (1.04 +/- 0.07 g/ day, n = 45). This result lends credence to the premise that differences in population level genetic variability have significant fitness consequences and underscores the importance of maintaining genetic variability in managed populations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hildner, KK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1023319608750 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 668MV UT WOS:000182298500012 ER PT J AU Rosel, PE AF Rosel, PE TI PCR-based sex determination in Odontocete cetaceans SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE dolphin; gender determination; molecular sexing; SRY; ZFX ID SRY GENE; IDENTIFICATION; GENDER; YIELD C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rosel, PE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 13 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 BP 647 EP 649 DI 10.1023/A:1025666212967 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 720LE UT WOS:000185261600010 ER PT J AU Ressler, PH Jochens, AE AF Ressler, PH Jochens, AE TI Hydrographic and acoustic evidence for enhanced plankton stocks in a small cyclone in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE USA; Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi River; plankton; sound scattering; shelf edge dynamics; mesoscale eddies; biological production; ADCP; 27-31 degrees N 87-90 degrees W ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WARM-CORE; MESOSCALE FEATURES; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; WESTERN GULF; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; RINGS AB Mesoscale eddies (diameters of hundreds of km) have been shown to influence plankton production as well as the distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in the Gulf of Mexico. Smaller circulation features (eddies with diameters of tens of km) may have similar effects. We show that a small, sub-mesoscale cyclone located on the continental shelf and slope in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during November 1997 was an area of enhanced nutrients, chlorophyll, and acoustic volume backscattering strength (S-v). Nitrate concentrations at mid-depth in the euphotic zone were as high as 2 muM, surface chlorophyll exceeded 1 mug l(-1), and S-v was as much as 15 dB referenced to 1 m(-1) 4pi(-1) greater within this feature than in surrounding waters. Since S-v at 153 kHz is a proxy for the abundance of sound-scattering mesozooplankton and micronekton, we infer that this cyclone was locally enriched in biomass of these organisms. As with mesoscale eddies, smaller cyclones could also function as patches of favorable habitat for higher-trophic-level organisms and their prey. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, TAMU 3146, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 SE Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 AR PII S0278-4343(02)00149-8 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00149-8 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 637EU UT WOS:000180499200003 ER PT B AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, R BE Chen, GB Hebral, B Chen, GM TI The development and application of cryocoolers since 1985 SO CRYOGENICS AND REFRIGERATION - PROCEEDINGS OF ICCR'2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cryogenics and Refrigeration (ICCR 2003) CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ZHEJIANG UNIV, HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, Int Inst Refrigerat, Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environm Equipment Co Ltd, Hangzhou Huanyuan Artificial Environm Co Ltd, AMAC Int Inc, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Mech & Energy Engn, Natl Nat Sci Fdn HO ZHEJIANG UNIV ID PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATORS; THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINES; HEAT ENGINE; 4 K; COOLER AB Many significant new developments in cryocoolers; have occurred since about 1985 that have lead to greatly improved efficiencies, lifetimes, compactness, and low temperature limits. Many of the improvements have been spurred by the requirements of several new important applications, such as the cooling of high-temperature superconductors for both electronic and power applications, satellite applications of infrared sensors, cooling superconducting magnets in MRI systems, cryosurgery, and small-scale gas liquefaction for medical, industrial and space applications. New developments in various types of cryocoolers are reviewed to show how they have led to improved characteristics to meet the demands of several new applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI HONG KONG PA UNIT 1205, 12 FLOOR, SINO PLAZA, 255 GLOUCESTER ROAD, HONG KONG 00000, CAUSEWAY BAY, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5062-5864-1 PY 2003 BP 858 EP 870 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BX21B UT WOS:000184614200190 ER PT J AU Currie, LA AF Currie, LA TI The remarkable metrological history of C-14 dating: from ancient Egyptian artifacts to particles of soot and grains of pollen SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Radiochemical Conference CY APR 14-19, 2002 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Czech Chem Soc, IM Marci Spectroscop Soc, Czech Radioecol Soc ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIOCARBON; CARBON; URBAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; SYSTEM; SINKS; OCEAN AB Radiocarbon dating would not have been possible if C-14 had not had the "wrong" half-life - a fact that delayed its discovery [1]. Following the discovery of this 5730 year radionuclide in laboratory experiments by Ruben and Kamen, it became clear to W. F. Libby that C-14 should exist in nature, and that it could serve as a quantitative means for dating artifacts and events marking the history of civilization. The search for natural radiocarbon was a metrological challenge; the level in the living biosphere [ca. 230 Bq/kg] lay far beyond the then current state of the measurement art. This article traces the metrological history of radiocarbon, from the initial breakthrough devised by Libby, to minor (evolutionary) and major (revolutionary) advances that have brought C-14 measurement from a crude, bulk [8 g carbon] dating tool, to a refined probe for dating tiny amounts of precious artifacts, and for "molecular dating" at the 10 mug to 100 mug level. The metrological advances led to opportunities and surprises, such as the non-monotonic dendrochronological calibration curve and the "bomb effect," that spawned new multidisciplinary areas of application, ranging from cosmic ray physics to oceanography to the reconstruction of environmental history. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2003 VL 53 SU A BP A137 EP A160 DI 10.1007/s10582-003-0020-0 PN 1 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 705QJ UT WOS:000184405900020 ER PT B AU Rose, S Bowers, K Quirolgico, S Mills, K AF Rose, S Bowers, K Quirolgico, S Mills, K GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Improving failure responsiveness in Jini leasing SO DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off AB Distributed systems require strategies to detect and recover from failures. Many protocols for distributed systems employ a strategy based on leases, which grant a leaseholder access to data or services for a limited time (the lease period). Choosing an appropriate lease period involves tradeoffs among resource utilization, responsiveness, and system size. We explain these tradeoffs for Jini Network Technology Then, we describe an adaptive algorithm that enables a Jini system, given a fixed allocation of resources, to vary lease periods with system size to achieve the best responsiveness. We anticipate that similar procedures could improve failure responsiveness in other distributed systems that rely on leases. We describe how we implemented our adaptive algorithm in "reggie", a publicly available implementation of the Jini lookup service. We can use our implementation to demonstrate how adaptive leasing provides the best available responsiveness as network size varies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rose, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA PY 2003 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW73R UT WOS:000182993500034 ER PT J AU Richardson, PL Garzoli, SL AF Richardson, PL Garzoli, SL TI Characteristics of intermediate water flow in the Benguela current as measured with RAFOS floats SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AGULHAS RINGS; ALTIMETER DATA; ROSSBY WAVES; CIRCULATION; TOPEX/POSEIDON; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORTS AB Seven floats (not launched in rings) crossed over the mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Benguela extension with a mean westward velocity of around 2 cm/s between 22S and 35S. Two Agulhas rings crossed over the mid-Atlantic Ridge with a mean velocity of 5.7 cm/s toward 285degrees. This implies they translated at around 3.8 cm/s through the background velocity field near 750 in. The boundaries of the Benguela Current extension were clearly defined from the observations. At 750 m the Benguela extension was bounded on the south by 35S and the north by an eastward current located between 18S and 21S. Other recent float measurements suggest that this eastward current originates near the Trindade Ridge close to the western boundary and extends across most of the South Atlantic, limiting the Benguela extension from flowing north of around 20S. The westward transport of the Benguela extension was estimated to be 15 Sv by integrating the mean westward velocities from 22S to 35S and multiplying by the 500 in estimated thickness of intermediate water. Roughly 1.5 Sv of this are transported by the similar to3 Agulhas rings that cross the mid-Atlantic Ridge each year (as observed with altimetry). This value of the Benguela extension transport is the first one to have been obtained from long-term (two-year) observations and across the full width of the Benguela extension. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Richardson, PL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, 360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 87 EP 118 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00380-6 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00380-6 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800005 ER PT J AU Schmid, C Boebel, O Zenk, W Lutjeharms, JRE Garzoli, SL Richardson, PL Barron, C AF Schmid, C Boebel, O Zenk, W Lutjeharms, JRE Garzoli, SL Richardson, PL Barron, C TI Early evolution of an Agulhas Ring SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; THERMOCLINE WATER; BENGUELA CURRENT; RETROFLECTION; CIRCULATION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; FLUXES; TRANSLATION; SALINITY AB Rings shed at the Agulhas retroflection are an integral part of interoceanic exchange south of Africa. There is clear evidence of westward ring translation from the northern Cape Basin across the South Atlantic Ocean. Early ring development and translation from the southern to the northern Cape Basin, however, are obscured by an intensely variable kinematic field close to the spawning site. In this study unique in situ observations, obtained in March to September 1997, are analyzed to improve the understanding of the early development of a juvenile Agulhas Ring. In March the ring was surveyed near 37degreesS, 16degreesE, approximately 4 months after its generation. Its strength and size were in the upper range typical for Agulhas Rings, and its trapping depth extended down to at least 1600 dbar according to geostrophic velocities and RAFOS trajectories in the ring. Between March and September the ring propagated in a general northwestward direction; however, RAFOS trajectories and MODAS sea-surface steric height fields revealed a large variability of the translation speed (3 cm s(-1) to more than 20 cm s(-1)) and direction. In September 1997, the mature ring was examined near 31degreesS, 9degreesE. By this time, its available heat and salt anomaly were reduced by about 30% and its available potential energy was reduced by about 70%. This indicates that a significant loss of the ring characteristics occurred on the way from the southern to the northern Cape Basin. One-third of this loss is due to changes at intermediate depth (between 800 and 1600 m). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 141 EP 166 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00382-X DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00382-X PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630GH UT WOS:000180098800007 ER PT J AU Liu, KK Peng, TH Shaw, PT Shiah, FK AF Liu, KK Peng, TH Shaw, PT Shiah, FK TI Circulation and biogeochemical processes in the East China Sea and the vicinity of Taiwan: an overview and a brief synthesis SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF PUMP; CHEMICAL HYDROGRAPHY; KUROSHIO; TRANSPORT; CARBON; MODEL; OCEAN; TIME AB The East China Sea shelf (including the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea) is a very challenging system for hydrodynamic and biogeochemical studies due to its complicated physical and chemical forcing. It receives much attention because of its capacity for absorbing atmospheric CO2 in spite of large riverine fluxes of terrigenous carbon. This volume reports field observations and modeling studies during the Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes and ensuing projects, which are a part of the continental margins study in the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. A 3-D numerical model has been developed to simulate the climatological circulation in the East China Sea. The model result is supported by observations in the seas around Taiwan. The significance of inflow from the Taiwan Strait is emphasized. Geochemical tracers prove useful in understanding the water and material transport. Biogeochemical studies suggest very efficient recycling of organic carbon by bacterial and protozoan consumption in the shelf water, but a finite amount of particulate organic carbon with a significant terrigenous fraction is exported from the shelf. The fine-grained sediments in the inner shelf appear to be an important source of organic carbon for export. Future studies are needed to improve our understanding of key physical and biogeochemcial processes, to develop coupled physical-biogeochemical models, and to catch and survey the elusive spring algal bloom. A tantalizing goal of our ongoing effort is to document or even to predict future changes in the East China Sea shelf caused by the operation of the Three-Gorge Dam, which is under construction in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Ctr Ocean Res, Taipei, Taiwan. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Liu, KK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RI Liu, Kon-Kee/K-8855-2012 OI Liu, Kon-Kee/0000-0003-4909-897X NR 25 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6-7 BP 1055 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00009-2 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 679BM UT WOS:000182901200001 ER PT J AU King, A LaCasella, EL AF King, A LaCasella, EL TI Seasonal variations in abundance, diel vertical migration, and population structure of Metridia gerlachei at Port Foster, Deception Island, Antarctica SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGIES; WESTERN BRANSFIELD STRAIT; EASTERN WEDDELL-SEA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CALANUS-PROPINQUUS; BELLINGSHAUSEN-SEA; FRUELA CRUISES; PENINSULA; COPEPODS AB five cruises in a 1.5-yr period between February 1999 and November 2000, we studied the abundance, vertical distribution, and population structure of the calanoid copepod Metridia gerlachei (Giesbrecht) at Port Foster, a 160 m deep embayment of Deception Island, Antarctica. M. gerlachei was found at Port Foster year round with abundance peaking in early winter 2000, averaging about 200copepods m(-3) over the entire water column, and up to 800 copepods m(-3) at mid-water depths. Diel vertical migration of the M. gerlachei population was observed during some parts of the year, while there was no evidence for seasonal vertical migration. Based on analysis of developmental stage-frequency analysis and abundance data, we speculate that M. gerlachei had three generations per year, began to spawn early in the spring, and had the strongest reproductive effort late in the fall. Using daily carbon ration estimates, M. gerlachei accounted for < 1% of the daily removal of phytoplankton standing stock during most of the year, with the exception of early winter when M. gerlachei was most abundant and removed up to 68-205% of phytoplankton standing stock per day. During the early winter, when carnivorous ctenophore Callianira spp. anomalously made up 50% of the macrozooplankton community, which was typically dominated by krill, we hypothesize that M. gerlachei had a large role in the Port Foster carbon cycle as both grazer and prey. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP King, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 10-11 BP 1753 EP 1763 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00091-2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 696CJ UT WOS:000183867800009 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Checkley, DA Wooster, WS AF Bograd, SJ Checkley, DA Wooster, WS TI CalCOFI: a half century of physical, chemical, and biological research in the California Current System SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program has been sampling the physics, chemistry, and biology of the California Current System since 1949, making it the world's longest-running multi-disciplinary oceanographic field program. Founded by leading marine scientists, CalCOFI from its inception took an ecosystem approach to understanding physical-biological coupling in the ocean. Its 54-year time series (and counting) now permits an exploration of a range of oceanographic and fisheries problems across a broad temporal spectrum. As a celebration of more than half a century of CalCOFI, this issue presents 13 manuscripts that sample the breadth of integrated marine research conducted under its auspices. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2349 EP 2353 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00122-X PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000001 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ AF Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ TI Long-term variability in the Southern California Current System SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LA-NINA CYCLE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFTS; CLIMATE; ZOOPLANKTON; ENERGY; STATE; FLOW AB We summarize 50 years of physical oceanographic data in the southern portion of the California Current System (CCS) based on the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) hydrographic record, 1950-1999. The long-term mean water property and circulation patterns are described, and the local signature of the large-scale 1976-1977 North Pacific climate regime shift is characterized. Changes associated with the climate shift include (1) significant warming in the upper 200-400 m of the water column, a decrease in salinity in near-surface coastal waters, and an increase in salinity in subsurface offshore waters; (2) deeper density surfaces and increased stratification throughout the region, particularly within the Southern California Bight; (3) a subtle reorganization of the geostrophic flow structure, including an offshore shift of the California Current and increased nearshore poleward flow; and (4) a cross-shore dichotomy, with the nearshore regime changes occurring primarily during the upwelling season and the offshore variability being of lower frequency than nearer the coast. Changes in the vertical structure of the water column are of particular significance, as they have likely rendered upwelling less biologically effective. This is evident in the temperature and salinity changes, which were greatest (warming and freshening) just above the peak stability changes. There is evidence to suggest that another North Pacific-wide regime shift occurred following the 1997-1998 El Nino event, and large ecosystem changes are anticipated. The CalCOFI record is ideally suited for revealing the mechanisms of interdecadal physical-biological interactions in the coastal ocean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 43 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2355 EP 2370 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00131-0 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000002 ER PT J AU Peterson, WT Keister, JE AF Peterson, WT Keister, JE TI Interannual variability in copepod community composition at a coastal station in the northern California Current: a multivariate approach SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EUPHAUSIID NYCTIPHANES-SIMPLEX; OREGON UPWELLING ZONE; EL-NINO EVENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEASONAL CYCLE; ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEM; INDICATOR AB We sampled a single station in the coastal zone off Newport OR (9 km from shore; 60 in water depth) on 206 occasions during 12 years: 1969-1973, 1983 and 1996-2001. We used cluster analysis, ordinations, and indicator species analysis (ISA) to describe temporal variations in copepod community composition. Copepod community structure during summer was distinctly different from winter. Cluster analysis showed that the transition between winter and summer communities occurred early March/April in the 1970s, late (May/June) in the late 1990s, but in (March/April) since spring 2000. Seven copepod assemblages were identified: four were found during the summer upwelling season, two during large El Nino events, and one during winter. Interannual variations in the composition of the summer assemblages was seen: most sampling dates from the summers of 1970, 1973, 2000 and 2001 clustered into one group, and dates from 1971, 1972, and 1999 clustered into a second group. The 1983 and 1998 El Nino events clustered together, but subdivided into "early El Nino" and "late El Nino" communities. The summer of 1969 corresponded with a weak El Nino event but clustered differently from both the other El Nino events and other summer clusters. Samples collected during the 1972 El Nino event clustered with "normal" summers. Non-metric multidimensional ordination analysis showed that two axes accounted for 87% of the variability in community composition; Axis I was associated with the influence of El Nino events and seasonal downwelling, and Axis 2 was associated with upwelling-induced productivity. ISA showed Centropages abdominalis, Acartia longiremis, and Microcalanus pusillus as indicators of upwelling; Corycaeus anglicus, Calanus pacificus, and Ctenocalanus vanus as good indicators of El Nino; and Ctenocalanus vanus, Clausocalanus, and Calocalanus styliremis as good indicators of winter conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012 OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889 NR 35 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2499 EP 2517 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00130-9 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000010 ER PT J AU Smith, PE Moser, HG AF Smith, PE Moser, HG TI Long-term trends and variability in the larvae of Pacific sardine and associated fish species of the California Current region SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; TIME-SERIES; NE PACIFIC; OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; SAGAX AB Fifty-year ichthyoplankton and oceanographic time series of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations were used to describe changes in larval fish abundance and associated habitat features in the Southern California Bight region, extending seaward to the limits of the California Current. The ichthyoplankton data set for this analysis was based on single tows taken at all CalCOFI survey stations occupied within the current sampling pattern from 1951 to 2000 and consisted of a total of 11,917 samples from which 1,365,988 fish larvae were identified. The analysis included data on habitat temperature, macrozooplankton volumes, and 14 taxa of larval fishes, some of commercial interest (Pacific sardine, Pacific hake, Pacific and jack mackerel, and rockfishes), and a group of important mesopelagic species that represent specific habitats in the California Current region. Data are presented in a series of graphs showing changes in average abundance, triennial abundance ratios, and normalized quarterly abundance (19882000 only). Larval data clearly track the decline and recovery of the Pacific sardine population. Mesopelagic larvae of southern offshore species had the greatest response to the regime shift of 1976-77, increasing markedly in the Southern California Bight region after 1977. Likewise, this group of species showed the greatest response to the 1957-59 El Nino. There was no consistent response in larval abundance of Subarctic-Transitional mesopelagic species and nearshore taxa to the 1976-77 regime shift. Most of the species showed a negative shift in triennial larval abundance ratios in relation to hypothesized 1989-90 and 1998-99 regime shifts. These changes are discussed in relation to changes in temperature and macrozooplankton volumes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Smith, PE (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Fisheries, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2519 EP 2536 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00133-4 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000011 ER PT J AU McGowan, JA Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ Miller, AJ AF McGowan, JA Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ Miller, AJ TI The biological response to the 1977 regime shift in the California Current SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; CURRENT SYSTEM; MIXED-LAYER; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; SEA; FLUCTUATIONS; OSCILLATION AB Among the least understood interactions between physics and biology in the oceans are those that take place on the decadal scale. But this temporal scale is important because some of the greatest ecological events take place on this time scale. More than 50 years of measurement in the California Current System have revealed significant ecosystem changes, including a large, decadal decline in zooplankton biomass, along with a rise in upper-ocean temperature. The temperature change was a relatively abrupt shift around 1976-77, concurrent with other basin-wide changes associated with an intensification of the Aleutian Low-pressure system. This intensification generates temperature anomalies in the ocean by altering the patterns of net surface-heat fluxes, turbulent mixing, and horizontal transport. Changes in the mean abundance of zooplankton in the southern California Current have been attributed to variations in the strength of coastal upwelling, variations in the horizontal transport of nutrient-rich water from the north, or increased stratification due to warming, all of which could be affected by fluctuations in the Aleutian Low. Here we show that a deepening of the thermocline accompanied the warming and increased the stratification of the water column, leading to a decrease in the supply of plant nutrients to the upper layers. This is the most likely mechanism for the observed plankton decline, and subsequent ecosystem changes. A global change in upper-ocean heat content, accompanied by an increase in stratification and mixed-layer deepening relative to the critical depth for net production, could lead to a widespread decline in plankton abundance. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP McGowan, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 70 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 14-16 BP 2567 EP 2582 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00135-8 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 730AX UT WOS:000185808000013 ER PT J AU Jiang, MS Chai, F Dugdale, RC Wilkerson, FP Peng, TH Barber, RT AF Jiang, MS Chai, F Dugdale, RC Wilkerson, FP Peng, TH Barber, RT TI A nitrate and silicate budget in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: a coupled physical-biological model study SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BIOGENIC SILICA; UPWELLING ZONE; ORGANIC-CARBON; EUPHOTIC ZONE; GROWTH-RATES; EXPORT FLUX AB A coupled physical-biological model was developed to simulate the low-silicate, high-nitrate, and low-chlorophyll (LSHNLC) conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and used to compute a detailed budget in the Wyrtki box (5degreesN-5degreesS, 180-90degreesW) for the major sources and cycling of nitrogen and silicon in the equatorial Pacific. With the incorporation of biogenic silicon dissolution, NH(4) regeneration from organic nitrogen and nitrification of ammonia in the model, we show that silicon recycling in the upper ocean is less efficient than nitrogen. As the major source of nutrients to the equatorial Pacific, the Equatorial Undercurrent provides slightly less Si(OH)(4) than NO(3) to the upwelling zone, which is defined as 2.5degreesN-2.5degreesS. As a result, the equatorial upwelling supplies less Si(OH)(4) than NO(3) into the euphotic zone in the Wyrtki box, having a Si/N supply ratio of about 0.85 (2.5 vs. 2.96 mmol m(-2) day(-1)). More Si(OH)(4) than NO(3) is taken up with a Si/N ratio of 1.17 (2.72 vs. 2.33 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) within the euphotic zone. The difference between upwelling supply and biological uptake is balanced by nutrient regeneration and horizontal advection. Excluding regeneration, the net silicate and nitrate uptakes are nearly equal (1.76 vs. 1.84 mmol m(-2) day(-1)). However, biogenic silica export production is slightly higher than organic nitrogen (1.74 vs. 1.59 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) following a 1.1 Si/N ratio., In the central equatorial Pacific, low silicate concentrations limit diatom growth; therefore non-diatom new production accounts for most of the new production. Higher silicate supply in the east maintains elevated diatom growth rates and new production associated with diatoms dominate upwelling zone. In contrast, the new production associated with small phytoplankton is nearly constant or decreases eastward along the equator. The total new production has a higher rate in the east than in the west, following the pattern of surface silicate. This suggests that silicate regulates the diatom production, total new production, and thereby carbon cycle in this area. The modeled mean primary production is 48.4 mmol C m(-2) day(-1), representing the lower end of direct field measurements, while new production is 15.0 mmol C m(-2) day(-1), which compares well with previous estimates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, NSOE, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Jiang, MS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5471 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM mingshu.jiang@umb.edu; fchai@maine.edu; rdugdale@sfsu.edu; fwilkers@sfsu.edu; tsung-hung.peng@aomi.noaa.gov; rbarber@duke.edu NR 79 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 22-26 BP 2971 EP 2996 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.006 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 757ZE UT WOS:000187607400006 ER PT J AU Macdonald, AM Baringer, MO Wanninkhof, R Lee, K Wallace, DWR AF Macdonald, AM Baringer, MO Wanninkhof, R Lee, K Wallace, DWR TI A 1998-1992 comparison of inorganic carbon and its transport across 24.5 degrees N in the Atlantic SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; BERING STRAIT; WORLD OCEAN; FRESH-WATER AB In January and February 1998, when an unprecedented fourth repetition of the zonal hydrographic transect at 24.5degreesN in the Atlantic was undertaken, carbon measurements were obtained for the second time in less than a decade. The field of total carbon along this section is compared to that provided by 1992 cruise which followed a similar path (albeit in a different season). Consistent with the increase in atmospheric carbon levels, an increase in anthropogenic carbon concentrations of 8+/-3 mumol kg(-1) was found in the surface layers. Using an inverse analysis to determine estimates of absolute velocity, the flux of inorganic carbon across 24.5degrees is estimated to be -0.74+/-0.91 and -1.31+/-0.99 PgC yr(-1) southward in 1998 and 1992, respectively. Estimates of total inorganic carbon flux depend strongly upon the estimated mass transport, particularly of the Deep Western Boundary Current. The 1998 estimate reduces the large regional divergence in the meridional carbon transport suggested by previous studies and brings into question the idea that the tropical Atlantic constantly outgasses carbon, while the subpolar Atlantic sequesters it. Uncertainty in the carbon transports themselves, dominated by the uncertainty in the total mass transport estimates, are a hindrance to determining the "true" picture. The flux of anthropogenic carbon (Cstar(ANTH)) across the two transects is estimated as northward at 0.20+/-0.08 and 0.17+/-0.06 PgC yr(-1) for the 1998 and 1992 sections, respectively. The net transport Of Cstar(ANTH) across 24.5degreesN is strongly affected by the difference in concentrations between the northward flowing shallow Florida Current and the mass balancing, interior return flow. The net northward transport Of Cstar(ANTH) is opposite the net flow of total carbon and suggests, as has been found by others, that the pre-industrial southward transport of carbon within the Atlantic was stronger than it is today. Combining these flux results with estimates of atmospheric and riverine inorganic carbon input, it is determined that today's oceanic carbon system differs from the pre-industrial system in that today there is an uptake of anthropogenic carbon to the south that is advected northward and stored within the North Atlantic basin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Kiel, Forschungsbereich Biogeochem Inst, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Macdonald, AM (reprint author), WHOI, Clark 3 MS21,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02563 USA. EM amacdonald@whoi.edu; molly.baringer@noaa.gov; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; ktl@postech.ac.kr; dwallace@ifm.uni-kiel.de RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 22-26 BP 3041 EP 3064 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.009 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 757ZE UT WOS:000187607400009 ER PT J AU Peng, TH Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA AF Peng, TH Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA TI Increase of anthropogenic CO(2) in the Pacific Ocean over the last two decades SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REDFIELD RATIOS; INDIAN-OCEAN; CAUTION; NEED AB The multiple-parameter linear regression method (Monitoring global ocean carbon inventories. Ocean Observing System Development Panel, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 1995, 54pp; Global Biogeochem. Cycles 13 (1999) 179) is used to compare inorganic carbon data from the GEOSECS CO(2) survey in the Pacific Ocean in 1973 to the WOCE/JGOFS global CO(2) survey in the 1990s. A model of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as a function of five variables (AOU, theta, S, Si, and PO(4)) has been developed from the recent CO(2) survey data (namely CGC91 and CGC96) in the Pacific Ocean. After correcting for a systematic DIC offset of -30.3 +/- 7 mumol kg(-1) from the GEOSECS data, the residual DIC based on this model as computed from GEOSECS data has been used to estimate the anthropogenic CO(2) penetration in the Pacific Ocean. In the Northeast Pacific, we obtained an increase Of CO(2) Of 21.3 +/- 7.9 mol m(-2) over the period from GEOSECS in 1973 to CGC91 in 1991. This gives a mean anthropogenic CO(2) uptake rate of 1.3 +/- 0.5 mol m(-2) yr(-1) over this 17 year time period. In the South Pacific, north of 50degreesS between 180degrees and 120degreesW region, the integrated anthropogenic CO(2) inventory is estimated to be 19.7 +/- 5.7 mol m(-2) over the period from GEOSECS in 1974 to CGC96 in 1996. The equivalent mean CO(2) uptake rate is estimated to be 0.9 +/- 0.3 Mol m(-2) yr(-1) over the 22 years. These results are compared with the isopycnal method (Nature 396 (1998) 560) to estimate the anthropogenic CO(2) signal in the Northeast Pacific (30degreesN, 152degreesW) at the crossover region between CGC91 and GEOSECS. The results of the isopycnal method are consistent with those derived from the MLR method. Both methods show an increase in anthropogenic CO(2) inventory in the ocean over two decades that is consistent with the increase expected if the ocean uptake has kept pace with the atmospheric CO(2) increase. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Peng, TH (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tsung-hung.peng@noaa.gov; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 22-26 BP 3065 EP 3082 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.09.001 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 757ZE UT WOS:000187607400010 ER PT J AU Gregg, WW Ginoux, P Schopf, PS Casey, NW AF Gregg, WW Ginoux, P Schopf, PS Casey, NW TI Phytoplankton and iron: validation of a global three-dimensional ocean biogeochemical model SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARABIAN SEA; COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA AB The JGOFS program and NASA ocean-color satellites have provided a wealth of data that can be used to test and validate models of ocean biogeochemistry. A coupled three-dimensional general circulation, biogeochemical, and radiative model of the global oceans was validated using these in situ data sources and satellite data sets. Biogeochemical processes in the model were determined from the influences of circulation and turbulence dynamics, irradiance availability, and the interactions among four phytoplankton functional groups (diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and coccolithophores) and four nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, silica, and dissolved iron). Annual mean log-transformed dissolved iron concentrations in the model were statistically positively correlated on basin scale with observations (P<0.05) over the eight (out of 12) major oceanographic basins where data were available. The model tended to overestimate in situ observations, except in the Antarctic where a large underestimate occurred. Inadequate scavenging and excessive remineralization and/or regeneration were possible reasons for the overestimation. Basin scale model chlorophyll seasonal distributions were positively correlated with SeaWiFS chlorophyll in each of the 12 oceanographic basins (P<0.05). The global mean difference was 3.9% (model higher than SeaWiFS). The four phytoplankton groups were initialized as homogeneous and equal distributions throughout the model domain. After 26 years of simulation, they arrived at reasonable distributions throughout the global oceans: diatoms predominated high latitudes, coastal, and equatorial upwelling areas, cyanobacteria predominated the mid-ocean gyres, and chlorophytes and coccolithoph ores represented transitional assemblages. Seasonal patterns exhibited a range of relative responses: from a seasonal succession in the North Atlantic with coccolithoph ores replacing diatoms as the dominant group in mid-summer, to successional patterns with cyanobacteria replacing diatoms in mid-summer in the central North Pacific. Diatoms were associated with regions where nutrient availability was high. Cyanobacteria predominated in quiescent regions with low nutrients. While the overall patterns of phytoplankton functional group distributions exhibited broad qualitative agreement with in situ data, quantitative comparisons were mixed. Three of the four phytoplankton groups exhibited statistically significant correspondence across basins. Diatoms did not. Some basins exhibited excellent correspondence, while most showed moderate agreement, with two functional groups in agreement with data and the other two in disagreement. The results are encouraging for a first attempt at simulating functional groups in a global ccupled three-dimensional model but many issues remain. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Climate Dynam Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Gregg, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988 NR 124 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 22-26 BP 3143 EP 3169 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.013 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 757ZE UT WOS:000187607400014 ER PT S AU Wright, JW AF Wright, JW BE Bilitza, D Rawer, K Reinisch, BW TI Quantifying spread F by digital ionosondes SO DESCRIPTION OF THE LOW LATITUDE AND EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Description of the Low Latitude and Equatorial Ionsphere in International Reference Ionosphere CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS, S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Soc Brasileira Geofis, Fund Coordenacao Aperfeicoament Pessoal Nivel Superior, Comm Space Res HO INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS ID DATA-ACQUISITION; IONOGRAMS; DYNASONDE; ECHOES AB The width of frequency-spreading (Deltaf/f) on ionograms was shown (Wright, et al., 1977, by comparison with OGO-6 Satellite observations) to be proportional to ANN near and above the F-region peak. Thus, even classical analog ionograms using logarithmic frequency scales were direct reading for this important parameter, although little use has been made of this fact. How can modem digital ionosondes produce (by automated methods) a comparable parameter? This paper provides an answer to the question, as the first of a series of steps aimed at exploiting the full capability of HF sounding to understand the distinctive phenomenon of Spread F. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Evironm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Evironm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00046-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW63L UT WOS:000182655900029 ER PT S AU Wright, JW Bullett, TW AF Wright, JW Bullett, TW BE Bilitza, D Rawer, K Reinisch, BW TI The applicability of advanced ionosondes to the IRI SO DESCRIPTION OF THE LOW LATITUDE AND EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Description of the Low Latitude and Equatorial Ionsphere in International Reference Ionosphere CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS, S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Soc Brasileira Geofis, Fund Coordenacao Aperfeicoament Pessoal Nivel Superior, Comm Space Res HO INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS AB The ionosonde has evolved from the early analog film-recording depictor of the ionosphere, into a precision diagnostic instrument. Contemporary monitoring ionosondes occupy an intermediate niche in this evolution. Some of these present digital ionogram images to interpretation experts who use the conveniences of digital data presentation to identify and record parameter values. This approach can improve parameter precision, but it remains as labor intensive as in the days of film recording. Other monitoring systems have attempted to automate classical data reduction concepts, but often with significant decrease in accuracy compared to manual analysis. The reduction in accuracy is often unquantified, which can introduce unknown errors into the IRI and other ionosphere models. Autoscaling algorithms have not succeeded to duplicate expert judgments because, in part, of the limited information available from contemporary monitoring instruments. Advanced digital ionosondes can make up this difference, and much more, with precision measurements of all available echo properties. Automated data reduction algorithms can use these measurements to improve the accuracy and continuity of established parameters, and to develop new diagnostic capabilities for a wider variety of ionospheric properties. These improvements are essential for the continuing development of ionospheric models such as the IRI. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00052-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW63L UT WOS:000182655900035 ER PT S AU McMillin, L AF McMillin, L BE Barnes, WL TI Super channels for observing meteorological parameters SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE satellite; radiances; atmospheric transmittances AB The AIRS instrument has a large number (2378) of potential channels. For use for observing meteorological parameters, several methods have been proposed and/or used. These include selecting a subset of channels, using eigenvectors, and using "super channels", which are averages of channels which view similar atmospheric features. The channels are selected using a constraint on the wavelength range to be covered, then selecting all the channels that have similar transmittances to be combined in one "super channel". Super channels have a number of features that make them attractive. They use all the information to reduce the noise and are efficient to use since both rapid transmittance models and equivalent Planck functions can be generated. This means that it requires the same effort to calculate the radiance for one super channel as for a single AIRS channel. Super channels and Planck function have been calculated for AIRS instrument and a rapid transmittance model is being used to generate coefficients to allow a rapid calculation of the corresponding transmittances. Results using the super channels compared to measures of the truth from forecast models and radiosondes will be shown. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP McMillin, L (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.506133 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100027 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Johnson, BC AF Brown, SW Johnson, BC BE Barnes, WL TI Advances in radiometry for ocean color SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; irradiance standards; radiometry; remote sensing ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SEAWIFS; CALIBRATION; REALIZATION; STRATEGY; SCALE; ORBIT; NIST AB Organic materials in the oceans have spectral signatures based on their light-scattering properties. These optical properties are related to bio-physical and bio-chemical data products such as the concentration of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a through bio-optical algorithms. A primary quantity of interest in ocean color research is the water-leaving spectral radiance L(w)(lambda), often normalized by the incident solar flux. For quantitative studies of the ocean, derivation of the relationship between the optical properties and physically meaningful data products is critical. There have been a number of recent advances in radiometry at the National Institute of Standards and Technology that directly impact the uncertainties achievable in ocean-color research. These advances include a new U.S. national irradiance scale; a new laser-based facility for irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations; and a novel tunable, solid-state source for calibration and bio-optical algorithm validation. These advances, their relevance to measurements of ocean color, and their effects on radiometrically derived ocean-color data products such as chlorophyll-a are discussed. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1117/12.505765 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100045 ER PT S AU Johnson, BC Litorja, M Butler, JJ AF Johnson, BC Litorja, M Butler, JJ BE Barnes, WL TI Preliminary results of aperture area comparison for exo-atmospheric solar irradiance SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE absolute radiometry; aperture area; solar irradiance ID HIGH-ACCURACY; EARTH AB Exo-atmospheric solar irradiance measurements made by the solar irradiance community over the past 25 years incorporated limiting apertures measured by a number of metrology laboratories using a variety of techniques. Knowledge of the aperture area is a critical component in the conversion of radiant flux measurements to solar irradiance. An Earth Observing System (EOS)-sponsored international comparison of aperture area measurements of limiting apertures provided by solar irradiance researchers is under way, the effort being executed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in coordination with the EOS Project Science Office. Apertures that have institutional heritaue with historical solar irradiance measurements are measured using the absolute aperture measurement facility at NIST. The measurement technique employs non-contact video microscopy using a high-precision stage. The aperture area comparison aims to quantify the relative differences between the participating institutions' aperture area measurements. Preliminary results of the comparison will be reported. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1117/12.506904 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100046 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Eppeldauer, GP Brown, SW Early, EA Johnson, BC Lykke, KR AF Allen, DW Eppeldauer, GP Brown, SW Early, EA Johnson, BC Lykke, KR BE Barnes, WL TI Calibration and characterization of trap detector filter radiometers SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE trap detector; radiometer; remote sensing ID NIST; IRRADIANCE AB We describe the development of a mechanically simple, radiometrically stable transfer radiometer designed for both radiance and irradiance measurements. The filter radiometer consists of a six-element Si trap detector, a temperature stabilized filter wheel with up to 5 filters, and two precision apertures in a Gershun tube arrangement. With the Gershun tube installed, the instrument operates in radiance mode; with the front aperture removed, in irradiance mode. Two trap detector filter radiometers have been designed and built by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for use in remote sensing applications. The filter radiometers have been characterized for optical and electrical performance, and have been calibrated for responsivity using both narrow-band, tunable-laser-illuminated and broad-band, lamp-illuminated integrating sphere sources. This paper describes the filter radiometer design, characterization, and deployments for two remote sensing projects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1117/12.507995 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100048 ER PT S AU Lee, EA Lee, SW Choi, CH Kim, HS Hockey, B AF Lee, EA Lee, SW Choi, CH Kim, HS Hockey, B BE Kim, HS Park, SY Lee, SW TI Effect of TiO2 powder size on the reactivity of photocatalyst SO ECO-MATERIALS PROCESSING & DESIGN SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Eco-Materials Processing and Design CY FEB 04-06, 2003 CL GYUNGPODAE, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Japan Soc Promto Sci, Kangnung Natl Univ, Technol Innovat Ctr Fine Ceram, Core Univ Program, Hanyang Univ, Core Univ Program, Osaka Univ DE TiO2; nano powder; plasma spray; anatase; rutile; photocatalyst ID COATINGS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Commercial nano crystalline TiO2 Powders were used to fabricate coating layers, using plasma spray coating technique. The reactivity of photocatalyst of the plasma sprayed coating layers was characterized depending upon the different particle sizes of the starting TiO2 powders. The microstructures of the starting powders and the plasma sprayed coating layers were examined by TEM and SEM, respectively. Also the cross sectional areas of TiO2 coating layers were observed by SEM. The phases of the starting TiO2 powders and the plasma sprayed coating layers were analyzed by x-ray diffraction method. Surface roughness of the surface coating layers and microhardness of the cross sectional areas of coating layers were measured. It was found that phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred, and the melted splats are all rutile, and unmelted nano particles were anatase. These unmelted particles of the anatase phase onto the melted splats of the rutile phase may play an important role of the reactivity of TiO2 photocatalyst of the plasma sprayed coating layers. C1 Sun Moon Univ, Div Mat & Chem Engn, Asan 336708, Chungnam, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20708 USA. RP Lee, EA (reprint author), Sun Moon Univ, Div Mat & Chem Engn, Asan 336708, Chungnam, South Korea. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-923-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 439 BP 288 EP 296 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY06M UT WOS:000187496500050 ER PT S AU Pollock, MM Heim, M Werner, D AF Pollock, MM Heim, M Werner, D BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of beaver dams and their influence on fishes SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; POPULATION DEVELOPMENT; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; EUROPEAN BEAVER; FOREST STREAMS; HABITAT USE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEM; RIVER AB Beaver dams alter the hydrology and geomorphology of stream systems and affect habitat for fishes. Beaver dams measurably affect the rates of groundwater recharge and stream discharge, retain enough sediment to cause measurable changes in valley floor morphology, and generally enhance stream habitat quality for many fishes. Historically, beaver dams were numerous in small streams throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. The cumulative loss of millions of beaver dams has dramatically affected the hydrology and sediment dynamics of stream systems. Assessing the cumulative hydrologic and geomorphic effects of depleting these millions of wood structures from small and medium-sized streams is urgently needed. This is particularly important in semiarid climates, where the widespread removal of beaver dams may have exacerbated effects of other land use changes, such as livestock grazing, to accelerate incision and the subsequent lowering of groundwater levels and drying of streams. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 107 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 37 BP 213 EP 233 PG 21 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900011 ER PT S AU Steel, EA Richards, WH Kelsey, KA AF Steel, EA Richards, WH Kelsey, KA BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Wood and wildlife: Benefits of river wood to terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID OREGON COAST RANGE; RIPARIAN ZONES; WESTERN OREGON; SMALL MAMMALS; DEBRIS; ABUNDANCE; FORESTS; STREAM; BIRDS; COMMUNITIES AB Wood in rivers, or wood deposited from fluvial processes, provides unique habitat for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species. Many wildlife species utilize riparian areas for some portion of their life history primarily due to the universal need for water, the presence of unique plant assemblages, and the diversity of microhabitats produced by the dynamics of river systems. Wood in rivers provides four primary functions for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species: habitat structure, shelter, patchiness of habitat, and increased food resources. Abundance and diversity of wildlife species are enhanced by wood in rivers, and they, in turn, shape and maintain aquatic and riparian habitats. Though there is a clear link between wood in rivers and riparian wildlife communities, knowledge about their interactions and interdependence is sparse. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 83 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 235 EP 247 PG 13 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900012 ER PT J AU Wilcoxen, SE Meier, PG Landrum, PF AF Wilcoxen, SE Meier, PG Landrum, PF TI The toxicity of fluoranthene to Hyalella azteca in sediment and water-only exposures under varying light spectra SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Hyalella azteca; fluoranthene; light; sediment; phototoxicity ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ANTHRACENE; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOXICOKINETICS; PHOTOTOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; RADIATION; MORTALITY AB In the US Environmental Protection Agency methods for sediment toxicity testing, the light regimen is specified as a 16:8 light dark cycle with 500-1000 1x. The potential for photoinduced toxic effects from this requirement is evaluated. Hyalella azteca were exposed to fluoranthene in both water only and sediment to examine the impact of light spectra on the toxicity of fluoranthene. The light sources included gold fluorescent light ( lambda > 500 nm), cool white fluorescent light, and UV-enhanced fluorescent light. Toxicity was determined as mortality after 10 days of exposure. The extent of mortality was determined both as LC50 and LR50 (median lethal body residue). In water-only exposures, the toxicity of fluoranthene was greatest under the UV-enhanced spectra, followed by fluorescent light, and least toxic under the gold light. Both the LC50 and LR50 values exhibited the same pattern. The toxicity under gold light gave an LR50 of 0.81 mmol kg(-1) (0.82-0.79, 95% CI) similar to values expected for the acute toxicity of nonpolar narcotic (anesthetic) compounds. The LR50 values under the other two light sources were substantially lower, 4 and 58 times lower for the fluorescent and UV-enhanced exposures, respectively. In sediment, toxicity was not significantly affected by the light source. Toxicity occurred only when the body residue concentration approached that of the LR50 under gold light from the water-only exposures. Thus, H. azteca were significantly protected from the light by burrowing into the sediment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm & Ind Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 54 IS 1 BP 105 EP 117 AR PII S0147-6513(02)00028-3 DI 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00028-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 645EM UT WOS:000180963300014 PM 12547641 ER PT B AU Leibfried, D AF Leibfried, D GP NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING TI Ion-trap quantum computation SO EIGHTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering CY SEP 19-21, 2002 CL IRVINE, CA SP Natl Acad Engn, USAF, Off Sci Res, US Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Dept Def, DDR&E Res, NASA, Microsoft Corp, Ford Motor Co, IBM Corp, Commins Inc C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08732-5 PY 2003 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Ergonomics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BW37J UT WOS:000181781400013 ER PT B AU Geiss, RH Roshko, A Bertness, KA Keller, RR AF Geiss, RH Roshko, A Bertness, KA Keller, RR BE Weertman, JR Fine, M Faber, K King, W Liaw, P TI Electron backscatter diffraction for studies of localized deformation SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: ITS ROLE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE MIKE MESHII SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Mat Comm, Japan Inst Met ID KIKUCHI DIFFRACTION; PATTERNS; MICROSCOPE; STRAINS AB Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to study localized deformation in two types of constrained-volume materials. We present a study of deformation in narrow aluminum interconnects after low frequency, AC cycling at high current density. Joule heating and differential thermal expansion caused cyclic thermal straining; resulting in thermomechanical fatigue. By quasi in-situ testing, we determined the evolution of the crystallography of all grains and boundaries in the interconnect lines. The results allowed us to formulate a mechanistic understanding of the deformation process, including slip line formation and grain growth. In a second study, we analyzed diffraction patterns from selectively oxidized, multilayered AlGaAs/GaAs structures. Elastic strains associated with the oxidation front in multilayered AlGaAs were characterized by EBSD. Pattern sharpness maps revealed the resulting strain field about the oxide growth front, which we compared with finite element simulations. Quantitative strain measurements were made comparing measurements of bandwidths on processed images. C1 NIST, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Reliabil Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-535-2 PY 2003 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BW60E UT WOS:000182544800038 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Miller, K Sanow, AD Xu, JF Hess, JL Wu, OC Wang, W Srivastava, S Highsmith, WE AF Atha, DH Miller, K Sanow, AD Xu, JF Hess, JL Wu, OC Wang, W Srivastava, S Highsmith, WE TI High-throughput analysis of telomerase by capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Microscale Separation and Analysis CY JAN 17-22, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE capillary electrophoresis; telomerase ID CANCER; CELLS; DNA AB The enzyme telomerase is expressed in (85-90)% of all human cancers, but not in normal, non-stem cell somatic tissues. Clinical assays for telomerase in easily obtained body fluids would have great utility as noninvasive, cost-effective methods for the early detection of cancer. The most commonly used method for the detection and quantification of telomerase enzyme activity is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay known as the telomerase repeat amplification protocol or TRAP assay. Most of the TRAP assay systems use a slab-gel based electrophoresis system to size and quantify the PCR-amplified extension products. We are developing high-throughput capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for the analysis of TRAP/PCR products. The TRAP assay was conducted on lysates of the human lung cancer cell line A-549 in reactions containing 5-100 cells. TRAP/PCR products were generated using a fluorescent 4,7,2'4'5'7',-hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein(HEX)-labeled TS primer and analyzed on the Applied Biosystems Model 310 CE system using POP4(TM) polymer. After analysis with GeneScan(TM) and Genotyper(TM) software, the total peak areas of the TRAP ladder extension products were computed using Microsoft Excel(TM). Results were compared with unlabeled TRAP/PCR products analyzed on the Bio-Rad BioFocus 3000 CE system using 6% high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (HMW PVP) polymer and SYBR(TM) Green I dye. Both CE systems were able to resolve the TRAP ladder products with high reproducibility and sensitivity (5-15 cells). With the appropriate robotic sample handling system, these CE methods would enable performing the telomerase TRAP assay with increased sensitivity, reproducibility and automation over slab-gel methods. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, Bld 227,Rm A243, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Highsmith, William/B-6175-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [CN-0103-02, U01CA84988] NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1002/elps.200390001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 639NZ UT WOS:000180637300015 PM 12652580 ER PT J AU Andersen, WC Abdulagatov, AI Bruno, TJ AF Andersen, WC Abdulagatov, AI Bruno, TJ TI The ASTM copper strip corrosion test: Application to propane with carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY EDX; ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY SEM; D-130 TEST; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; MERCAPTANS AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS), which occurs as an impurity in commercial sources of propane, can hydrolyze in the presence of water to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). All commercial and HD-5 grade propane is required to pass the copper strip corrosion test, ASTM Test Method D 1838. While it is known that hydrogen sulfide will cause the failure of the copper strip test, it is widely believed that the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide can also cause the failure of the corrosion test. We have tested gravimetrically prepared mixtures of COS and H.,S in pure and commercial grade propane with a variant of the ASTM copper strip corrosion test. Minor changes to the published ASTM corrosion test were implemented for diagnostic or monitoring purposes in making the measurements. Surprisingly, mixtures containing as much as 1000 ppm (mass/mass) COS did not cause a failure of the test, even when the copper strip was in contact with the COS mixture for 2 h (double the normal contact time). Mixtures containing H2S caused the failure of the test; however, concentrations as high as 3.5 ppm (mass/mass) H2S passed the test. Moreover, we were not able to produce the colors and patterns shown on the ASTM copper strip corrosion standards lithograph. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1021/ef020145m PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 637GD UT WOS:000180502500018 ER PT S AU Nell, JG Goranson, HT AF Nell, JG Goranson, HT BE Kosanke, K Jochem, R Nell, JG Bas, AO TI Accomplishments of the ICEIMT'02 Summary paper SO ENTERPRISE INTER- AND INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION: BUILDING INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology CY APR 24-26, 2002 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC5, WG5 12 AB The purpose of this paper is to analyze the activities of this initiative on Enterprise Intra- and Inter-organizational Integration--International Consensus (E13-IC) and especially of its conference the ICEIMT'02. We have extracted the major accomplishments, identified how the discussions have furthered our knowledge about enterprise integration, and attempted to show how the information was parlayed into better knowledge about the topic. In addition to the analysis of the initiative as a whole and of its results, we report results from a plenary discussion, held as the closing session of the conference. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nell, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7277-5 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 108 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW41A UT WOS:000181921600003 ER PT S AU Nell, JG delaHostria, E Engwall, RL Kang, M Kosanke, K Barreiro, JCM Shen, WM AF Nell, JG delaHostria, E Engwall, RL Kang, M Kosanke, K Barreiro, JCM Shen, WM BE Kosanke, K Jochem, R Nell, JG Bas, AO TI System requirements: Products, processes and models - Report workshop 3/workgroup 1 SO ENTERPRISE INTER- AND INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION: BUILDING INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology CY APR 24-26, 2002 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC5, WG5 12 AB Enterprises use stovepipe tools that limit interoperability, traceability, consistency, and complicate data sharing and impact satisfying customer expectations for high quality, low price, fast delivery and environmentally clean products. Focus of the workgroup in creating the approach and recommending future work is based on best practices of systems engineering and the holistic integration of people, processes and systems technology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nell, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7277-5 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 108 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW41A UT WOS:000181921600025 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Christensen, JD Hillis-Starr, Z AF Kendall, MS Christensen, JD Hillis-Starr, Z TI Multi-scale data used to analyze the spatial distribution of French grunts, Haemulon flavolineatum, relative to hard and soft bottom in a benthic landscape SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE haemulidae; foraging migration; landscape ecology; scale ID RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS AB We evaluated the day-time distribution of juvenile and adult French grunts, Haemulon flavolineatum, relative to the spatial configuration of hard and soft bottom areas in a benthic landscape. Probability of juvenile presence on hard bottom sites was inversely correlated with distance to soft bottom. Adults presence at hard bottom sites showed no significant relationship with distance to soft bottom. A significant and positive relationship was found between presence of juveniles on hard bottom sites and area of soft bottom within 100 m, but no significant relationship was found for area of soft bottom within 500 m. Adults exhibited no significant relationship with area of soft bottom for either distance tested. These distributions are suspected to be the result of the combined influence of larval settlement patterns and foraging behaviors associated with hard and soft bottom. This study indicates that data collected at very fine scales can be analyzed in the context of the broad-scale mosaic of habitats in the benthic landscape to predict patterns of fish distribution. Such spatially explicit conclusions are not possible through analysis of fine-scale or broad-scale data alone. C1 NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Program N SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NPS Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, St Croix, VI USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Program N SCI1, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1023255022513 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 665QX UT WOS:000182133100004 ER PT J AU Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG AF Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG TI Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE coastal monitoring; coastal databases; information management; data partnerships; data integration ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INFORMATION; NETWORK; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB Understanding the ecology, condition, and changes of coastal areas requires data from many sources. Broad-scale and long-term ecological questions, such as global climate change, biodiversity, and cumulative impacts of human activities, must be addressed with databases that integrate data from several different research and monitoring programs. Various barriers, including widely differing data formats, codes, directories, systems, and metadata used by individual programs, make such integration troublesome. Coastal data partnerships, by helping overcome technical, social, and organizational barriers, can lead to a better understanding of environmental issues, and may enable better management decisions. Characteristics of successful data partnerships include a common need for shared data, strong collaborative leadership, committed partners willing to invest in the partnership, and clear agreements on data standards and data policy. Emerging data and metadata standards that become widely accepted are crucial. New information technology is making it easier to exchange and integrate data. Data partnerships allow us to create broader databases than would be possible for any one organization to create by itself. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. US EPA, Mid Atlantic Integrated Assessment, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NJ Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1023/A:1021372923589 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300014 PM 12620011 ER PT J AU Hyland, JL Balthis, WL Engle, VD Long, ER Paul, JF Summers, JK Van Dolah, RF AF Hyland, JL Balthis, WL Engle, VD Long, ER Paul, JF Summers, JK Van Dolah, RF TI Incidence of stress in benthic communities along the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts within different ranges of sediment contamination from chemical mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE benthic indicators; chemical contaminants; sediment quality; predicting benthic stress; U. S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries ID QUALITY GUIDELINES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE; TOXICITY AB Synoptic data on concentrations of sediment-associated chemical contaminants and benthic macroinfaunal community structure were collected from 1,389 stations in estuaries along the U. S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts as part of the nationwide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP). These data were used to develop an empirical framework for evaluating risks of benthic community-level effects within different ranges of sediment contamination from mixtures of multiple chemicals present at varying concentrations. Sediment contamination was expressed as the mean ratio of individual chemical concentrations relative to corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), including Effects Range-Median (ERM) and Probable Effects Level (PEL) values. Benthic condition was assessed using diagnostic, multi-metric indices developed for each of three EMAP provinces ( Virginian, Carolinian, and Louisianian). Cumulative percentages of stations with a degraded benthic community were plotted against ascending values of the mean ERM and PEL quotients. Based on the observed relationships, mean SQG quotients were divided into four ranges corresponding to either a low, moderate, high, or very high incidence of degraded benthic condition. Results showed that condition of the ambient benthic community provides a reliable and sensitive indicator for evaluating the biological significance of sediment-associated stressors. Mean SQG quotients marking the beginning of the contaminant range associated with the highest incidence of benthic impacts (73-100% of samples, depending on the province and type of SQG) were well below those linked to high risks of sediment toxicity as determined by short-term toxicity tests with single species. Measures of the ambient benthic community reflect the sensitivities of multiple species and life stages to persistent exposures under actual field conditions. Similar results were obtained with preliminary data from the west coast ( Puget Sound). C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. ERL Environm, Salem, OR USA. US EPA, Narragansett, RI USA. SC Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. RP Hyland, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1023/A:1021325007660 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300015 PM 12620012 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RH Scott, GI Porter, DE Thompson, B Webster, L AF Kelsey, RH Scott, GI Porter, DE Thompson, B Webster, L TI Using multiple antibiotic resistance and land use characteristics to determine sources of fecal coliform bacterial pollutiion SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE multiple antibiotic resistance; E. coli; fecal pollution; non-point source pollution; land use ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER AB Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ( MAR) analysis and regression modeling techniques were used to identify surface water areas impacted by fecal pollution from human sources, and to determine the effects of land use on fecal pollution in Murrells Inlet, a small, urbanized, high-salinity estuary located between Myrtle Beach and Georgetown, South Carolina. MAR analysis was performed to identify areas in the estuary that are impacted by human-source fecal pollution. Additionally, regression analysis was performed to determine if an association exists between land use and fecal coliform densities over the ten-year period from 1989 to 1998. Land-use variables were derived using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and were used in the regression analysis. MAR analyses were conducted by comparing the frequency and patterns of antibiotic resistance found in Escherichia coli isolates derived from surface water samples and from sewage sources in the Murrells Inlet sewage collection system. The MAR results suggest that the majority of the fecal pollution detected in the Murrells Inlet estuary may be from non-human sources, including fecal coliforms isolated from areas in close proximity to high densities of active septic tanks. A MAR Index, which measures the frequency of antibiotic resistance, was calculated for each of twenty-three water samples and nine sewage samples. The antibiotic resistance pattern comparisons were performed using cluster analysis. Although the MAR indices indicated that several surface water sites had potential human-source contamination, the cluster analysis suggests that only one sampling site had MAR patterns that were similar to those found in the sewage samples. This site was in close proximity to several large pleasure boats as well as a sewage collection system lift station, but was not near areas with active septic tanks. The results of the regression analysis also suggest that sewage sources and rainfall runoff from urbanized areas may contribute to fecal pollution in the estuary. C1 Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Inst Publ Serv & Policy Res, Ctr Environm Policy, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Kelsey, RH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1023/A:1021305930858 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300029 PM 12620026 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, SP Styles, RM Lauck, R Mazurek, MA AF Seitzinger, SP Styles, RM Lauck, R Mazurek, MA TI Atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry: A new analytical chemical characterization method for dissolved organic matter in rainwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOG WATERS; PRECIPITATION; NITROGEN; CHEMISTRY; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; CARBON; ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB The complex mixture of organic compounds in the atmosphere influences climate, air quality, and ecosystem processes. Atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (APESI-MS) was evaluated as a potential too[ for direct measurement of the total suite of individual dissolved organic matter (DOM) compounds in rainwater. The APESI-MS response was linear to all DOM compounds of atmospheric significance examined as standard solutions. Urban precipitation samples from New Brunswick, NJ (USA) were analyzed by APESI-MS over the mass-to-charge (m/z) range 50-3000. Over 95% of the m/z ions detected were in the low m/z range (50-500). Over 300 unique m/z ions were detected across the 11 rainwater samples indicating the complexity of the mixture of DOM in rainwater. Forty percent of the organic bases (positive mode detection) and 22% of the organic acids (negative mode) occurred in at least 6 of the 11 rainwater samples. Ions corresponding to the m/z of carboxylic acids standards (nonanedioic acid; 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid; pentanedioic acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; and butanedioic acid) and to reduced N standards (allylurea; caffeine; imidazole; and N-2-propenylurea) occurred in at least one of the 11 rainwater samples. Total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) estimated from the APESI-MS analysis and measured by standard DOC methods were not statistically different. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA, CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Off Dean, Sch Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Seitzinger, SP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA, CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1021/es025848x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632WG UT WOS:000180246200036 PM 12542301 ER PT S AU Barker, PE AF Barker, PE BE Verma, M Dunn, BK Umar, A TI Cancer biomarker validation: Standards and process - Roles for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SO EPIGENETICS IN CANCER PREVENTION: EARLY DETECTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Epigenetic in Cancer Prevention CY DEC 03-04, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent, Nalt Inst Hlth DE cancer biomarker; assay validation; early detection; genetic technology; SRM; DNA; SELDI; standards; analytical validation ID PATTERNS; GENE; DNA AB Rigorous validation of biomarkers for early detection of cancer differs at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from similar processes common among research laboratories. As a newly discovered biomarker assay makes the transition from a research setting to the clinical diagnostic laboratory, it should progress through defined stages of assay confirmation. The first task of a validation laboratory is evaluation of research assay technology, performance, and specifications (analytical validation). However, the ultimate goal is initial validation of the test to identify early stage cancer (clinical validation). Upon technical and clinical confirmation, assays are moved systematically toward a standardized, reproducible, high-throughput format for clinical diagnostic implementation. With laboratory performance rigorously established, the clinical variables can subsequently be analyzed to define limitations, applications, and clinical utility. The role of NIST in technology evaluation for early cancer testing is described in the context of similar programs and prior experience at NIST. Here we conceptualize the validation steps of cancer test development and examine how NIST activities impact health care through institutional focus on measurement, technology, and standards development programs. C1 NIST, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, DNA Technol Grp,Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barker, PE (reprint author), NIST, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, DNA Technol Grp,Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-430-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 983 BP 142 EP 150 PG 9 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BW49W UT WOS:000182218800013 PM 12724219 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Pannell, CN AF Lehman, JH Pannell, CN TI Position and temperature dependence of pyroelectricity in domain-engineered stoichiometric and congruent LiTaO3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Congruent, stoichiometric; lithium tantalate; lithium niobate; temperature; strain, pyroelectricity; tertiary pyroelectricity ID OPTICAL-DETECTOR; LINBO3; FIELD AB Domain-engineered bicell (parallel compensated) pyroclectric detectors were constructed from stoichiometric and congruent lithium tantalate. The variation of the pyroelectric current response of these detectors was investigated as a function of temperature and position. We define a pyroelectric response gradient Pi, which, near boundary of antiparallel domains, is asymmetric and increases to 4% K-1 in the poled half of the congruent LiTaO3 bicell. The Pi variation in the stoichiometric LiTaO3 bicell was also asymmetric and varied only 1% K-1. The contribution of the primary, secondary, and tertiary pyroelectric effects are discussed along with a summary of the stress and strain in the heated detector disk. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2003 VL 297 BP 39 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190390244093 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 759WF UT WOS:000187773600006 ER PT J AU Waghmare, UV Cockayne, EJ Burton, BP AF Waghmare, UV Cockayne, EJ Burton, BP TI Ferroelectric phase transitions in nano-scale chemically ordered PbSc0.5Nb0.5O3 using a first-principles model hamiltonian SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Ferroic Domains and Mesosxopic Structures (ISFD7) CY SEP, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE molecular dynamics simulations; ferroelectric phase transitions ID LEAD SCANDIUM TANTALATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; DISORDERED PB(SC1/2NB1/2)O-3; NIOBATE; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PBTIO3 AB Effects of chemical order, disorder, short range order, and anti-phase boundaries on phase transitions and dielectric properties of PbSc1/2Nb1/2O3 are studied through molecular dynamics simulations of a FP model. Simulations of large systems are required to capture these effects, and we present an efficient reciprocal space method, based on fast Fourier transforms, for calculating long-range interactions and inhomogeneous strain. Calculations for random or partially disordered systems yield significant increases in T = 0 K dielectric response, and broadening of the ferroelectric phase transition. Coupling between random fields caused by chemical disorder and the inhomogeneous strain (acoustic modes) affects the dynamics of soft modes in chemically nano-structured configurations. C1 JNCASR, Theoret Sci Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waghmare, UV (reprint author), JNCASR, Theoret Sci Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2003 VL 291 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1080/00150190390222682 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 721BB UT WOS:000185296200022 ER PT B AU Barker, CH Hodges, MK AF Barker, CH Hodges, MK GP AMS TI Optimizing matching criteria for start time analysis of real-time "spot" forecasts and climatology for long range oil spill trajectory research SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Hazardous Mat Responses Div, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hodges, MK (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Responses Div, Off Response & Restorat, 7600 Sand Pt Way NE Bld 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200006 ER PT B AU Bond, NA Steed, RC Hermann, AJ Stabeno, PJ AF Bond, NA Steed, RC Hermann, AJ Stabeno, PJ GP AMS TI Variability in shelf transport in the Gulf of Alaska, Part I: Diagnosis of air-sea interactions SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, JISAO, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200009 ER PT B AU Hermann, AJ Dobbins, EL Bond, NA Steed, RC Stabeno, PJ AF Hermann, AJ Dobbins, EL Bond, NA Steed, RC Stabeno, PJ GP AMS TI Variability in shelf transports in the Gulf of Alaska, Part IV: Response to mesoscale forcing using the regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hermann, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Route R PMEL,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200011 ER PT B AU Wu, CS Taylor, AA Chen, J Shaffer, WA AF Wu, CS Taylor, AA Chen, J Shaffer, WA GP AMS TI Tropical cyclone forcing of ocean surface waves SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GENERATED WAVES; WIND; HURRICANES C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wu, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200014 ER PT B AU Myers, EP Aikman, F Zhang, A AF Myers, EP Aikman, F Zhang, A GP AMS TI A nowcast/forecast circulation model of the St. Johns River SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myers, EP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, 1315 E West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 104 EP 107 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200023 ER PT B AU Hess, KW Gill, SK AF Hess, KW Gill, SK GP AMS TI Puget sound tidal datums by spatial interpolation SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hess, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Rm 7826,1315 E West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200024 ER PT B AU Gilhousen, DB AF Gilhousen, DB GP AMS TI National data buoy center: A portal for marine mesonet data SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Data Bouy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gilhousen, DB (reprint author), Natl Data Bouy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200025 ER PT B AU Kelley, JGW Kennedy, EM Wengren, M Westington, M AF Kelley, JGW Kennedy, EM Wengren, M Westington, M GP AMS TI Nowcoast: A Web mapping portal to real-time observations and NOAA forecasts for the coastal US SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kelley, JGW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, 1315 E West Highway,N-CS13, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200028 ER PT B AU Angevine, WM White, AB AF Angevine, WM White, AB GP AMS TI Coastal boundary layer influence on pollutant transport in New England SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ATLANTIC REGIONAL EXPERIMENT; GULF-OF-MAINE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; OFFSHORE FLOW; NOVA-SCOTIA; METEOROLOGY; CASES-99; FLUX; SEA C1 NOAA, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, AL R-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200036 ER PT B AU Gonzalez, FI Titov, VV Mofjeld, HO AF Gonzalez, FI Titov, VV Mofjeld, HO GP AMS TI Progress on improved operational forecasting and inundation mapping of pacific tsunamis for coastal communities SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gonzalez, FI (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM frank.i.gonzalez@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200041 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Dickey, JT Campbell, B AF Swanson, P Dickey, JT Campbell, B TI Biochemistry and physiology of fish gonadotropins SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN DE fish; follicle-stimulating hormone; gametogenesis; gonadotropins; luteinizing hormone; oogenesis; pituitary; spermatogenesis ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GTH-II-BETA; DISTINCT SALMON GONADOTROPINS; SEABREAM PAGRUS-MAJOR; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM penny.swanson@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030476.73360.07 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400018 ER PT J AU Ando, H Swanson, P Urano, A AF Ando, H Swanson, P Urano, A TI Regulation of LH synthesis and release by GnRH and gonadal steroids in masu salmon SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN ID GENE-EXPRESSION; HORMONE AB The roles of salmon GnRH ( sGnRH) and gonadal steroid hormones in regulation of LH synthesis and release were examined in primary pituitary cell cultures of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Pituitaries were taken from fish at four reproductive stages: in March ( initiation of sexual maturation); May ( early maturation); July (pre-spawning); and September (spawning period). Amounts of LHbeta subunit mRNA in the pituitary cells were determined by real-time PCR, and LH levels in the medium were determined by RIA. sGnRH and gonadal steroids including estradiol-17beta (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were added to the cultures to examine their direct effects on LH response. sGnRH had no significant effect on LHbeta mRNA levels at any stages, although a stimulatory trend was noted in March. In contrast, E2 and T considerably increased LHbeta subunit mRNA levels in March and May during initial stages of maturation, and the effects were less pronounced in July and September. On the other hand, sGnRH stimulated LH release at all stages in the males and the effects were most prominent in July and September. E2 and T also stimulated LH release in July and September, but their effects were weaker than that of sGnRH. The present results indicate that sGnRH and gonadal steroids directly regulate LH synthesis and release in masu salmon pituitary cells: sGnRH mainly stimulates LH release in the late stage of sexual maturation; whereas, E2 and T are effective in stimulating LH synthesis at earlier stages of maturation. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ando, H (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 61 EP 63 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030477.87920.2d PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400019 ER PT J AU Campbell, B Dickey, J Beckman, B Young, G Pierce, A Swanson, P AF Campbell, B Dickey, J Beckman, B Young, G Pierce, A Swanson, P TI Endocrine changes associated with the growth of pre-vitellogenic oocytes in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN DE estradiol; fish; follicle-stimulating hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; oogenesis; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ID ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; TROUT; MATURATION; EXPRESSION; MYKISS AB It has been hypothesized that in salmonids there are two periods when growth can alter the decision to mature; thus, for a fall spawning species, an 'initiation' period in the fall is followed by a 'permissive' period for continuing maturation in the spring. Research in mammalian and avian models have shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 17beta-estradiol are key components controlling oocyte growth. In the present study we sampled two-year-old female coho salmon during the proposed fall 'initiation' period. Histological analyses of the ovaries indicated that from August to December (11-15 months prior to spawning) oocytes developed from the late perinucleolar to mid-cortical alveoli stage. The accumulation of cortical alveoli during this period was accompanied by significant increases in GSI, pituitary and plasma FSH, and plasma 17beta-estradiol. In addition, small but significant increases in transcript levels for FSH receptor and StAR occurred during the fall. Such changes in FSH signaling are consistent with a proposed role for FSH stimulation of oocyte growth via steroid production during the fall initiation period. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Integrat Fish Biol Program,Resource Enhancement U, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Campbell, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM briony.campbell@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030557.60141.33 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400099 ER PT J AU Fujita, T Fukada, H Hara, A AF Fujita, T Fukada, H Hara, A TI Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) zona pellucida protein B: cDNA cloning and tissue expression SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN DE cloning; masu salmon; zona pellucida protein B AB A full-length cDNA clone encoding zona pellucida protein B (ZPB) was isolated for the ovary of masu salmon. The deduced amino acid sequence of ZPB contained two domains commonly observed in ZPB of both mammals and teleosts. Using gene-specific primers for ZPB in masu salmon, RT-PCR analyses revealed that expression of ZPB was isolated to the ovary. These results suggest involvement of an ovary-derived zona pellucida protein in formation of the chorion in masu salmon. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Dept Marine Biol Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0410821, Japan. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fujita, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Dept Marine Biol Sci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0410821, Japan. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030575.78617.34 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400113 ER PT J AU Fukada, H Dickey, JT Pierce, AL Hodges, N Hara, A Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW AF Fukada, H Dickey, JT Pierce, AL Hodges, N Hara, A Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW TI Gene expression levels of growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I in gonads of maturing coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN AB The expression levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in gonads of maturing coho salmon were measured by real-time PCR. The GHR and IGF-I mRNAs showed different gene expression pattern between male and female. These results suggest that a sexual dimorphism may exist in the GHR and IGF-I mRNA expressions of coho salmon during gonadal maturation. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Fukada, H (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 336 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030576.16255.64 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400114 ER PT J AU Cass-Calay, SL AF Cass-Calay, SL TI The feeding ecology of larval Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) in the California Current region: an updated approach using a combined OPC/MOCNESS to estimate prey biovolume SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE diet composition; gut content analysis; MOCNESS; optical particle counter ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; FISH LARVAE; ZOOPLANKTON; SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB A combined optical particle counter (OPC) and multiple opening and closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) was used to obtain simultaneous measurements of the fine-scale distribution of 'prey-sized' particles and the vertical distribution of larvae of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Physical properties were also measured. The data were used to describe the feeding ecology of Pacific hake larvae, and to explore the effects of prey abundance, time of day, temperature and depth on feeding. Pacific hake larvae consumed a wide variety of prey including copepod eggs, nauplii, copepodites, and euphausiid metanauplii. Calanoid copepodites comprised > 75% of the ingested prey volume. First-feeding larvae were 2.5-3.0 mm SL. These larvae consumed prey 40-200 mum wide. Larvae 3.0-6.5 mm long ingested prey 40-400 mum wide and larvae > 6.5 mm long ingested prey 400-700 mum wide. There were clear diel patterns in feeding incidence and prey volume ingested. Feeding commenced between 06:01 and 08:00 hours PST and continued until similar to 16:00 hours. Ingested prey items remained in the gut until complete gut evacuation occurred near dawn. The volume of food ingested was estimated using two indices, the cube root of the prey volume (CRPV) and the cube root of the stomach volume (CRSV). Standard length, log elapsed time since gut evacuation, depth and particle biovolume contributed significantly to variation in both indices. Temperature did not contribute to variability in either CRPV or CRSV. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cass-Calay, SL (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 34 EP 48 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00206.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 638YT UT WOS:000180601200004 ER PT J AU Rooker, JR Secor, DH Zdanowicz, VS De Metrio, G Relini, LO AF Rooker, JR Secor, DH Zdanowicz, VS De Metrio, G Relini, LO TI Identification of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) stocks from putative nurseries using otolith chemistry SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; Gulf of Mexico; Mediterranean; migration; otolith; stock structure ID MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; FISH OTOLITHS; ICP-MS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DISCRIMINATION; GIBRALTAR; ELEMENTS; STRAIT AB Chemical signatures in the otoliths of teleost fishes represent natural tags that may reflect differences in the chemical and physical characteristics of an individuals' environment. Otolith chemistry of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus ) was quantified to assess the feasibility of using these natural tags to discriminate juveniles (age 0 and age 1) from putative nurseries. A suite of six elements (Li, Mg, Ca, Mn, Sr and Ba) was measured in whole otoliths using solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Otolith chemistry of age-1 T. thynnus collected from the two primary nurseries in the Mediterranean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean differed significantly, with a cross-validated classification accuracy of 85%. Spatial and temporal variation in otolith chemistry was evaluated for age-0 T. thynnus collected from three nurseries within the Mediterranean Sea: Alboran Sea (Spain), Ligurian Sea (northern Italy), and Tyrrhenian Sea (southern Italy). Distinct differences in otolith chemistry were detected among Mediterranean nurseries and classification accuracies ranged from 62 to 80%. Interannual trends in otolith chemistry were observed between year classes of age-0 T. thynnus in the Alboran Sea; however, no differences were detected between year classes in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Age-0 and age-1 T. thynnus collected from the same region (Ligurian Sea) were also compared and distinct differences in otolith chemistry were observed, indicating ontogenetic shifts in habitat or elemental discrimination. Findings suggest that otolith chemistry of juvenile T. thynnus from different nurseries are distinct and chemical signatures show some degree of temporal persistence, indicating the technique has considerable potential for use in future assessments of population connectivity and stock structure of T. thynnus . C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Univ Bari, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, I-70010 Valenzano, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Zool, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. RP Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688 NR 37 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00223.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 649WB UT WOS:000181230000002 ER PT J AU Sibert, JR Musyl, MK Brill, RW AF Sibert, JR Musyl, MK Brill, RW TI Horizontal movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) near Hawaii determined by Kalman filter analysis of archival tagging data SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE archival tags; geolocation errors; movement models; tuna distribution ID YELLOWFIN TUNA; MODEL; PARAMETERS; ALBACARES; FISH AB Geolocation data were recovered from archival tags applied to bigeye tuna near Hawaii. A state-space Kalman filter statistical model was used to estimate geolocation errors, movement parameters, and most probable tracks from the recovered data. Standard deviation estimates ranged from 0.5degrees to 4.4degrees latitude and from 0.2degrees to 1.6degrees longitude. Bias estimates ranged from -1.9degrees to 4.1degrees latitude and from -0.5degrees to 3.0degrees longitude. Estimates of directed movement were close to zero for most fish reaching a maximum magnitude of 5.3 nm day(-1) for the one fish that moved away from its release site. Diffusivity estimates were also low, ranging from near zero to 1000 nm(2) day(-1) . Low values of the estimated movement parameters are consistent with the restricted scale of the observed movement and the apparent fidelity of bigeye to geographical points of attraction. Inclusion of a time-dependent model of the variance in geolocation estimates reduced the variability of latitude estimates. The state-space Kalman filter model appears to provide realistic estimates of in situ geolocation errors and movement parameters, provides a means to avoid indeterminate latitude estimates during equinoxes, and is a potential bridge between analyses of individual and population movements. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sibert, JR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 24 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00228.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 681RT UT WOS:000183049700001 ER PT J AU Musyl, MK Brill, RW Boggs, CH Curran, DS Kazama, TK Seki, MP AF Musyl, MK Brill, RW Boggs, CH Curran, DS Kazama, TK Seki, MP TI Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE depth; mixed layer; oxygen; residence time; temperature; thermocline; vertical distribution ID YELLOWFIN TUNA; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; AMBIENT OXYGEN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CROSS SEAMOUNT; ALBACARES; PACIFIC; ENVIRONMENT; FISH; TAGS AB To learn more about the movement patterns of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus ), we deployed archival tags on 87 fish ranging in fork length from 50 to 154 cm. Thirteen fish were recaptured, from which 11 archival tags were returned, representing in aggregate 943 days-at-liberty. We successfully retrieved data from 10 tags, representing 474 days in aggregate. The largest fish recaptured was 44.5 kg [131 cm fork length (FL)] and the smallest 2.8 kg (52 cm). The deepest descent recorded was 817 m, the coldest temperature visited 4.7degreesC, and minimum oxygen level reached similar to1 mL L-1 . Fish spent little time at depths where water temperatures were below 7degreesC and oxygen levels less than similar to2 mL L-1 . Five fish were recaptured near the offshore weather buoy where they were tagged. Based on vertical movement patterns, it appeared that all stayed immediately associated with the buoy for up to 34 days. During this time they remained primarily in the uniform temperature surface layer (i.e. above 100 m). In contrast, fish not associated with a floating object showed the W-shaped vertical movement patterns during the day characteristic of bigeye tuna (i.e. descending to similar to300-500 m and then returning regularly to the surface layer). Four fish were tagged and subsequently recaptured near Cross Seamount up to 76 days later. These fish exhibited vertical movement patterns similar to, but less regular than, those of fish not associated with any structure. Bigeye tuna appear to follow the diel vertical movements of the deep sound scattering layer (SSL) organisms and thus to exploit them effectively as a prey resource. Average night-time depth was correlated with lunar illumination, a behaviour which mimics movements of the SSL. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Kewalo Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Musyl, MK (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346,Gloucester Point, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mmusyl@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu NR 55 TC 127 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 152 EP 169 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00229.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 681RT UT WOS:000183049700002 ER PT S AU Hernandez, FJ Shaw, RF AF Hernandez, FJ Shaw, RF BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI Comparison of plankton net and light trap methodologies for sampling larval and juvenile fishes at offshore petroleum platforms and a coastal jetty off Louisiana SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID CORAL-REEF FISH; NORTHERN GULF; ARTIFICIAL REEF; PURSE SEINE; RECRUITMENT; WATERS; MEXICO; SETTLEMENT; PATTERNS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON AB We sampled ichthyoplankton at artificial structures across the continental shelf (3-219-m depth) of the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared passive plankton net and light trap methodologies at three offshore petroleum platforms (shelf slope, mid-shelf, and inner shelf) and plankton push-net and light trap methodologies at a coastal jetty. Clupeiform fishes dominated collections for all gears (59-97% of the total catch). Plankton nets collected more fish than light traps at two platforms (plankton net versus light trap, minus clupeiforms: 1,404 versus 659 at slope; 3,076 versus 12,474 at mid-shelf; and 1,689 versus 1,193 at inner shelf), and jetty push nets collected more fish than light traps (33,147 versus 849). Nets collected more families than light traps at the shelf slope and mid-shelf platforms (plankton net versus light trap: 43 versus 35; 38 versus 35; and 32 versus 32) but only collected more taxa (genus level) than light traps at the shelf slope platform (plankton net versus light trap: 56 versus 47; 75 versus 78; and 50 versus 56). Jetty push nets collected more families (39 versus 19) and taxa (77 versus 34) than light traps. Kolmogorov-Smirnov length-frequency comparisons of fish collected in nets versus light traps indicated that light traps generally overlapped the net's smaller sizes, while collecting significantly larger individuals. At the jetty, greater overlap in gear size distributions were observed. There was low taxonomic similarity between gears at the two deeper platforms (Schoener's Similarity Index values = 0.32-0.38) but higher similarity (0.63) at the inner shelf platform, which was most dominated by clupeiforms. At the jetty, push-net and light trap samples had relatively high taxonomic similarity (0.61). Few significant differences were detected between Shannon-Weiner Diversity Indices for platform light trap and net samples, while jetty push nets had significantly higher diversity than light traps. When significant differences in mean total densities and mean total CPUEs were found between new versus full moon phases, four out of five instances had greater new moon catches. C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hernandez, FJ (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 36 BP 15 EP 38 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300002 ER PT S AU Hernandez, FJ Shaw, RF Cope, JS Ditty, JG Farooqi, T Benfield, MC AF Hernandez, FJ Shaw, RF Cope, JS Ditty, JG Farooqi, T Benfield, MC BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI The across-shelf larval, postlarval, and juvenile fish assemblages collected at offshore oil and gas platforms west of the Mississippi river delta SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; SAMPLING LARVAL; FLORIDA-KEYS; RECRUITMENT; GULF; ATTRACTION; MEXICO; ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS AB A cross-shelf transect of three oil and gas platforms in the north-central Gulf was sampled to examine the role that platforms (hard substrate habitat) may play in the early life history stages of reef-dependent and reef-associated fishes. The ichthyoplankton and juvenile fish assemblages were sampled at Green Canyon 18 (219-m depth, shelf slope), Grand Isle 94 (60-m depth, mid-shelf), and South Timbalier 54 (22-m depth, inner shelf) with passive plankton nets and light traps. At all sites, clupeiforms were the dominant taxa collected, comprising 59-97% of the total catch. Reef-dependent Fishes (e.g., pomacentrids and scarids) were relatively rare at all Platforms, while reef-associated taxa (e.g., serranids, carangids, and blenniids) were generally more common. High numbers of piscivorous juveniles (synodontids, scombrids, and carangids) were collected, indicating that predation during early life history stages may be important in determining local reef assemblages. Similarity indices indicated that the larval and juvenile fish assemblages collected at the platforms differed across the shelf. Overall, across-shelf patterns in reef fish larval and juvenile fish distributions were similar to those of the adults. Taxonomic richness (genus level) was highest at the mid-shelf platform, possibly a result of its proximity to a high density of upstream and surrounding platforms, which may create generally favorable conditions for the recruitment of reef fishes. There were no significant differences in taxonomic diversity among the platforms in plankton net collections, but light trap diversity was significantly highest at the mid-shelf platform. With the limited amount of hard-substrate habitat available in the northern Gulf, the addition of artificial habitats (platforms) may increase the chances of adult fishes finding suitable spawning habitat, as well as increase the number of settlement sites for juvenile fishes, particularly where platforms are most dense (mid- and inner shelf). C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 36 BP 39 EP 72 PG 34 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300003 ER PT S AU Gitschlag, GR Schirripa, MJ Powers, JE AF Gitschlag, GR Schirripa, MJ Powers, JE BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI Impacts of red snapper mortality associated with the explosive removal of oil and gas structures on stock assessments of red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID NORTHERN GULF; SPECIES COMPOSITION; LOUISIANA; PLATFORMS; FISHES; ABUNDANCE; REEF AB An average of 96 oil and gas structures are removed with explosives annually from the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. These offshore structures function as artificial reefs attracting a wide variety of marine life, including the commercially and recreationally important red snapper. A multi-year study estimated the mortality of red snapper resulting from the explosive removal of nine platforms at water depths of 14-36 m. Estimated mortality of red snapper due to underwater explosives averaged 515 per platform. Using this value, we estimated the total annual mortality of red snapper resulting from all explosive structure removals in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The recent stock assessment for red snapper (Schirripa and Legault 1999) was subsequently recalculated, including this additional source of mortality. Results showed no discernible difference between the two stock assessments, indicating that direct mortality resulting from explosive structure removals was minor compared with other sources of mortality. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Gitschlag, GR (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 36 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300005 ER PT S AU Rademacher, KR Render, JH AF Rademacher, KR Render, JH BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI Fish assemblages around oil and gas platforms in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Developing a survey design SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID DUAL-BEAM HYDROACOUSTICS; ARTIFICIAL REEF RESEARCH; NORTHERN GULF; SPECIES COMPOSITION; OFFSHORE PLATFORMS; PETROLEUM PLATFORM; SCUBA-DIVERS; POPULATIONS; LOUISIANA; ABUNDANCE AB A pilot survey was conducted in 1995 by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Mississippi Laboratories to develop a survey design for assessing fishes associated with the offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. Eight platforms of various sizes, configurations, and depths were sampled with a pan and tilt video camera, stationary video cameras, and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Differences in fish species observed, and their abundances as measured by the different gear types, were evaluated to determine an optimal sampling design for large-scale surveys. Forty-four taxa from 19 families were observed over all platforms and all gears. More taxa were observed within the confines of the platforms and in close proximity to the platforms than were observed away from the platforms. Camera orientation was important in detecting some species (e.g., groupers were only observed within the confines of the platforms). The number of taxa observed did not vary with depth or among platforms; however, there were differences in fish density with depth and among platforms. More red snapper Lutjanus campechanus were seen at depths greater than 25 M, while more gray snapper Lutjanus griseus were found at depths less than 20 in. Total fish densities were lower at platforms with barnacles as the dominant attached fauna and higher at platforms with higher relief epifauna (octocorals, sponges, and bryozoans). Red snapper densities were higher at platforms with higher relief epifauna, and gray snapper densities were higher at barnacle-dominated platforms. There was no difference in fish density with platform age nor any relationship between platform age and attached faunal types. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Rademacher, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 36 BP 101 EP 122 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300007 ER PT S AU Hanisko, DS Lyczkowski-Shultz, J AF Hanisko, DS Lyczkowski-Shultz, J BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI Occurrence and pelagic habitat of reef fish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID LOOP CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CYCLONIC EDDIES; WESTERN GULF; RECRUITMENT; ASSEMBLAGES; SLOPE; FEATURES; BANKS AB Examination of 3,560 ichthyoplankton samples taken during 15 years of annual Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) resource surveys in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM), 1982-1996, yielded 208 holocentrid, 524 priacanthid, 6,606 labrid, and 2,609 scarid larvae. Larvae were found more frequently and in higher abundances over the continental shelf of the eastern GOM, where most reef fish habitat exists. Labrid and scarid larvae taken over the Texas-Louisiana shelf during 1992 and 1993 were consistently associated with higher salinity and clearer water on the mid- to outer shelf during all seasons. Increased river discharge in 1993 appears to have limited labrid and scarid larvae to the outer Texas-Louisiana shelf, as compared to their more widespread distribution over the shelf in 1992 when river discharge was near mean levels. Labrid and scarid larvae were found to consistently occur in the open GOM, at abundance levels comparable to those observed over the continental shelf. Abundances of labrid and scarid larvae examined in relation to dynamic sea surface height in winter and spring of 1993 revealed their apparent relationship with open GOM hydrography. In the western GOM, the highest abundances of labrid and scarid larvae were associated with the frontal boundary of a Loop Current (LC) anticyclone. In the eastern GOM, labrid and scarid larvae were found in higher abundances along the frontal boundaries of the Loop Current, LC/cyclonic eddy confluences, and within the interior of the LC. The consistent occurrence and relative abundance of labrid and scarid larvae with these features in the open GOM indicates potential local retention and/or exchange and transport of larvae between the continental shelf and open ocean, among reef systems throughout the GOM, and from upstream sources such as the Caribbean Sea. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Hanisko, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 36 BP 205 EP 224 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300013 ER PT J AU Comyns, BH Shaw, RF Lyczkowski-Shultz, J AF Comyns, BH Shaw, RF Lyczkowski-Shultz, J TI Small-scale spatial and temporal variability in growth and mortality of fish larvae in the subtropical northcentral Gulf of Mexico: implications for assessing recruitment success SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; MARINE FISHES; NORTHERN GULF; CHLOROSCOMBRUS-CHRYSURUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; DAILY INCREMENTS; ATLANTIC BIGHT; LENGTH CHANGES AB Extensive plankton collections were taken during seven September cruises (1990-93) along the inner continental shelf of the northcentral Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Despite the high productivity and availability of food during these cruises, significant smallscale spatial variability was found in larval growth rates for both Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Carangidae) and vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens, Lutjanidae). The observed variability in larval growth rates was not correlated with changes in water temperature or associated with conspicuous hydrographic features and suggested the existence of less-recognizable regions where conditions for growth vary. Cruise estimates of mortality coefficients (Z) for larval Atlantic bumper (n=32,241 larvae from six cruises) and vermilion snapper (n= 2581 larvae from four cruises) ranged from 0.20 to 0.37 and 0.19 to 0.29, respectively. Even in a subtropical climate like the GOM, where larval-stage durations may be as short as two weeks, observed variability in growth rates, particularly when combined with small changes in mortality rates, can cause order-of-magnitude differences in cumulative larval survival. To what extent the observed differences in growth rates at small spatial scales are fine-scale "noise" that ultimately is smoothed by larger-scale processes is not known. Future research is needed to further characterize the small-scale variability in growth rates of larvae, particularly with regard to microzooplankton patchiness and the temporal and spatial pattern of potential predators. Small-scale spatial variability in larval growth rates may in fact be the norm, and understanding the implications of this subtle mosaic may help us to better evaluate our ability to partition the causes of recruitment variability. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Coll Marine Sci, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Comyns, BH (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Coll Marine Sci, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100002 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE DiNardo, GT Williams, HA AF DeMartini, EE DiNardo, GT Williams, HA TI Temporal changes in population density, fecundity, and egg size of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) at Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARIBBEAN COAST; PALINURIDAE; DECAPODA; DYNAMICS; MEXICO AB Fecundity (F, number of brooded eggs) and egg size were estimated for Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) at Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), in June 1999, and compared with previous (1978-81, 1991) estimates. Fecundity in 1999 was best described by the power equations F = 7.995 CL (2.4017), where CL is carapace length in mm (r(2)=0.900), and F = 5.174 TW (2.758), where TW is tail width in mm (r(2)=0.889) (both n=40; P<0.001). Based on a log-linear model ANCOVA, size-specific fecundity in 1999 was 18% greater than in 1991, which in turn was 16% greater than during 1978-81. The additional increase in sizespecific fecundity observed in 1999 is interpreted as evidence for further compensatory response to decreased lobster densities and increased per capita food resources that have resulted either from natural cyclic declines in productivity, high levels of harvest by the commercial lobster trap fishery, or both. The density decline is well-documented by a fivefold decrease in commercial catch-per-traphaul (CPUE) during the late 1980s to early 1990s and by a similar decrease in research CPUE for all-sized (including juvenile) R marginatus through the 1990s. Fecundity increases are consistent with decreases in median body size at sexual maturity, first described from comparisons of 1977-81 and 1986-87 specimens and consistently observed thereafter during the 1990s. Egg size covaried with fecundity; in 1999, individual eggs within broods had a 11% greater mass (15% greater volume) than eggs brooded in 1991. Implications of these observations are discussed in relation to possible future management measures for a commercial lobster fishery in the NWHI. More generally, our findings argue for the need to routinely reevaluate compensatory responses in exploited stocks of lobsters and other resources. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100003 ER PT J AU Hart, DR AF Hart, DR TI Yield- and biomass-per-recruit analysis for rotational fisheries, with an application to the Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB A general model for yield-per-recruit analysis of rotational (periodic) fisheries is developed and applied to the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery of the northwest Atlantic. Rotational fishing slightly increases both yield- and biomass-per-recruit for sea scallops at F-MAX. These quantities decline less quickly when fishing mortality is in-creased beyond F-MAX than when fishing is at a constant rate. The improvement in biomass-per-recruit appears to be nearly independent of the selectivity pattern but increased size-at-entry can reduce or eliminate the yield-per-recruit advantage of rotation. Area closures and rotational fishing can cause difficulties with the use of standard spatially averaged fishing mortality metrics and reference points. The concept of temporally averaged fishing mortality is introduced as one that is more appropriate for sedentary resources when fishing mortality varies in time and space. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hart, DR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 44 EP 57 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100005 ER PT J AU Ralston, S Bence, JR Eldridge, MB Lenarz, WH AF Ralston, S Bence, JR Eldridge, MB Lenarz, WH TI An approach to estimating rockfish biomass based on larval production, with application to Sebastes jordani SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EARLY LIFE-HISTORY; FECUNDITY REDUCTION METHOD; SHORTBELLY ROCKFISH; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; POTENTIAL YIELD; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF STRAIT; AGE; EGG AB An assessment of the total biomass of shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani) off the central California coast is presented that is based on a spatially extensive but temporally restricted ichthyoplankton survey conducted during the 1991 spawning season. Contemporaneous samples of adults were obtained by trawl sampling in the study region. Daily larval production (7.56 x 10(10) larvae/d) and the larval mortality rate (Z=0.11/d) during the cruise were estimated from a larval "catch curve," wherein the logarithm of total age-specific larval abundance was regressed against larval age. For this analysis, larval age compositions at each of the 150 sample sites were determined by examination of otolith microstructure from subsampled larvae (n=2203), which were weighted by the polygonal Sette-Ahlstrom area surrounding each station. Female population weight-specific fecundity was estimated through a life table analysis that incorporated sex-specific differences in adult growth rate, female maturity, fecundity, and natural mortality (M). The resulting statistic (102.17 larvae/g) was insensitive to errors in estimating M and to the pattern of recruitment. Together, the two analyses indicated that a total biomass equal to 1366 metric tons (t)/d of age-1+ shortbelly rockfish (sexes combined) was needed to account for the observed level of spawning output during the cruise. Given the long-term seasonal distribution of spawning activity in the study area, as elucidated from a retrospective examination of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton samples from 1952 to 1984, the "daily" total biomass was expanded to an annual total of 67,392 t. An attempt to account for all sources of error in the derivation of this estimate was made by application of the deltamethod, which yielded a coefficient of variation of 19%. The relatively high precision of this larval production method, and the rapidity with which an absolute biomass estimate can be obtained, establishes that, for some species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.), it is an attractive alternative to traditional age-structured stock assessments. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ralston, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 60 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 129 EP 146 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100011 ER PT J AU Beerkircher, L Shivji, M Cortes, E AF Beerkircher, L Shivji, M Cortes, E TI A Monte Carlo demographic analysis of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis): implications of gear selectivity SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MUSTELUS-ANTARCTICUS GUNTHER; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD; AUSTRALIAN WATERS; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; GUMMY SHARK; POPULATION; PACIFIC; GULF C1 Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Beerkircher, L (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM beerkirc@ocean.nova.edu RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 168 EP 174 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100013 ER PT J AU Gunderson, DR Zimmermann, M Nichol, DG Pearson, K AF Gunderson, DR Zimmermann, M Nichol, DG Pearson, K TI Indirect estimates of natural mortality rate for arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and darkblotched rockfish (Sebastes crameri) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRADE-OFF; REPRODUCTION; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; FISHES; GROWTH C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gunderson, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100014 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Howell, E Parker, DM Balazs, GH AF Polovina, JJ Howell, E Parker, DM Balazs, GH TI Dive-depth distribution of loggerhead (Carretta carretta) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles in the central North Pacific: Might deep longline sets catch fewer turtles? SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 4 TC 68 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100016 ER PT J AU Smith, SE Mitchell, RA Fuller, D AF Smith, SE Mitchell, RA Fuller, D TI Age-validation of a leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) recaptured after 20 years SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; BAND DEPOSITION; GROWTH; TETRACYCLINE C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Smith, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 637CM UT WOS:000180494100017 ER PT S AU Schlenoff, C AF Schlenoff, C BE Hinchey, MG Rash, JL Truszkowski, WE Rouff, C GordonSpears, D TI Agents applied to autonomous vehicles SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems (FAABS 2002) CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL GREENBELT, MARYLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Goddard Code 588, Software Engn Lab, NASA Goddard Code 581, Software Engn Lab, Naval Res Lab, CTA Inc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8230,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40665-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2699 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX61A UT WOS:000185883800021 ER PT S AU Schlenoff, C Gruninger, M AF Schlenoff, C Gruninger, M BE Hinchey, MG Rash, JL Truszkowski, WE Rouff, C GordonSpears, D TI Towards a formal representation of driving behaviors SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems (FAABS 2002) CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL GREENBELT, MARYLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Goddard Code 588, Software Engn Lab, NASA Goddard Code 581, Software Engn Lab, Naval Res Lab, CTA Inc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8230,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40665-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2003 VL 2699 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX61A UT WOS:000185883800030 ER PT B AU Godil, A Grother, P Ressler, S AF Godil, A Grother, P Ressler, S BE Kawada, S TI Human identification from body shape SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3-D DIGITAL IMAGING AND MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling (3-DIM 2003) CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Natl Res Council Canada, Univ Alberta, Banff Ctr, IEEE Comp Soc AB In this paper, we investigate the utility of static anthropometric distances as a biometric for human identification. The 3D landmark dataftom the CAESAR database is used to form a simple biometric consisting of distances between fixed rigidly connected body locations. This biometric is overt, and invariant to view and body posture. We use this to quantify the asymmetry of human bodies, and to characterize the interpersonal and intrapersonal distance distributions. The former is computed directly and the latter by adding zero-mean gaussian noise to the landmark points. This simulation framework is applicable to arbitrary shape based biometrics. We use gross body proportions information to model a computer vision recognition system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1991-1 PY 2003 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1109/IM.2003.1240273 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX78B UT WOS:000186392000048 ER PT S AU Early, EA Nadal, ME AF Early, EA Nadal, ME BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI Uncertainty analysis of reflectance colorimetry SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL DE color; colorimetry; correlations; reflectance; uncertainties; uncertainty analysis ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ERRORS; COLOR MEASUREMENT; PROPAGATION AB The specification of the color of an object is important, sometimes crucially, to its acceptability for an intended application. When quantitative measurements are used to determine the color of an object, an uncertainty is required to satisfy the requirements of traceability. Determining the uncertainty of a color measurement has been a topic of interest for many years, and has received additional impetus with the publication of the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, which describes methods for estimating uncertainties in a consistent manner. These methods are applied to the case of reflectance colorimetry, where many of the sources of uncertainty are caused by systematic effects and are therefore correlated. Analytical expressions are derived for the combined uncertainties in the quantitative expression of color due to both correlated and uncorrelated effects. The measurement equation is used to derive the uncertainties in reflectance factor from different sources, and to take correlations between signals at the same wavelength into account. The correlations between reflectance factors at different wavelengths are also included in the analysis. These concepts are illustrated by considering uncertainties from common sources for selected colored specimens. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Early, EA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.514477 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800001 ER PT S AU Hanssen, L Kaplan, S AF Hanssen, L Kaplan, S BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI Linearity characterization of NIST's infrared spectral regular transmittance and reflectance scales SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL DE transmittance; reflectance; infrared; scale; linearity; Fourier transform infrared; FTIR; integrating; sphere AB In the past decade, scales for infrared spectral regular (specular) transmittance and reflectance have been established at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Recently, we have developed an error budget based on direct evaluation of the sources of error in the measurement process. These include the detection system non-linearity, spatial non-uniformity of the detector, misalignment of components, inter-reflection between components, asymmetry of sample and reference measurements, and source polarization effects. Here we describe the evaluation of the linearity of our measurement system that includes a Fourier transform spectrophotometer, integrating sphere and MCT detector. From the linearity results, relative responsivity curves are also established. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanssen, L (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.514482 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800003 ER PT S AU Early, EA AF Early, EA BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI A systematic approach for describing the geometry of spectrophotometry SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL DE appearance; color; geometry; optical systems; optics; reflectance; spectrophotometry; transmittance AB In the field of spectrophotometry, the value of the quantities depends upon the geometry under which they are measured. Therefore, it is imperative to completely describe the measurement geometry. Many documentary standards specify the geometry for a particular application. However, to accurately specify the geometry, a general, basic understanding of the relevant parameters for describing the geometry is required. A systematic approach for describing the measurement geometry is presented, which will hopefully have a positive impact on documentary standards. The key to describing the geometry is to consider the illuminator and receiver of the instrument as optical systems with pupils and windows. It is these optical systems, together with the reference plane, that determine the sampling aperture of the instrument. The geometry is then completely described by the relations between the sampling aperture and the optical systems of the illuminator and receiver. These concepts are illustrated by considering three configurations of pupils and windows relative to the focal point of an optical system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Early, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.514528 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800012 ER PT S AU Travis, JC Duewer, DL AF Travis, JC Duewer, DL BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI Holmium oxide solution as a prototype intrinsic standard in molecular absorption spectrophotometry SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL DE intrinsic standard; wavelength calibration; molecular absorption; holmium oxide; reference material AB Intrinsic standards can become an efficient mechanism for providing traceable reference materials for chemical spectrophotometry. The sealed holmium oxide (Ho2O3) in dilute acidic aqueous solution used by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology as Standard Reference Material 2034 is a candidate material for an intrinsic wavelength standard in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions. Low mass fractions of Ho2O3 in glass and as Ho3+(aq) solutions have long been favored for use as wavelength calibration materials in molecular absorption spectrophotometry on the basis of their spectral coverage and absorption band shape. Three national metrology institutes of the North American Cooperation in Metrology evaluated the performance of Ho3+ (aq) certified reference materials under "routine" operating conditions using commercial instrumentation. The resulting data show a substantial level of agreement while also demonstrating that the wavelength comparability of the five instruments used by the participants can actually be improved by calibrating all of the instruments to the consensus band locations of Ho3+(aq) solution. A similar approach is being considered to establish intrinsic absorbance standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Travis, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.514532 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800015 ER PT S AU Brown, S Ohno, Y AF Brown, S Ohno, Y BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI NIST display colorimeter calibration facility SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL AB A facility has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to provide calibration services for color-measuring instruments to address the need for improving and certifying the measurement uncertainties of this type of instrument. While NIST has active programs in photometry, flat panel display metrology, and color and appearance measurements, these are the first services offered by NIST tailored to color-measuring instruments for displays. An overview of the facility, the calibration approach, and associated uncertainties are presented. Details of a new tunable colorimetric source and the development of new transfer standard instruments are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.514537 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800018 ER PT S AU Boynton, PA Kelley, E Libert, J AF Boynton, PA Kelley, E Libert, J BE Springsteen, A Pointer, M TI Current projects in display metrology at the nist flat panel display laboratory SO FOURTH OXFORD CONFERENCE ON SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL DAVIDSON COLL, DAVIDSON, NC SP Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Natl Phys Lab, ORMG HO DAVIDSON COLL ID CONTRAST MEASUREMENTS AB The NIST Flat Panel Display Laboratory (FPDL) is operated through the Display Metrology Project (DMP) of the Electronic Information Technology Group in the Electricity Division of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory of NIST. The DMP works to develop and refine measurement procedures in support of ongoing electronic display metrology, and applies the results in the development of national and international standards for flat panel display characterization. C1 NIST, Flat Panel Display Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boynton, PA (reprint author), NIST, Flat Panel Display Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4600-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4826 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.514542 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX39W UT WOS:000185146800020 ER PT S AU Chiang, MYM He, JM Song, R Karim, A Wu, WL Amis, EJ AF Chiang, MYM He, JM Song, R Karim, A Wu, WL Amis, EJ BE Blackman, BRK Pavan, A Williams, JG TI Combinatorial edge delamination test for thin film adhesion -- Concept, procedure, results SO FRACTURE OF POLYMERS, COMPOSITES AND ADHESIVES II SE ESIS (EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY SOCIETY) PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Fracture of Polymers, Composites and Adhesives CY SEP 15-18, 2002 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND SP ESIS TC4 DE combinatorial approach; adhesion; interfacial debonding; thin film; edge delamination; fracture mechanics; finite element AB A high-throughput combinatorial approach to edge delamination test is proposed to map the failure of adhesion as a function of both temperature and film thickness in a single step. In this approach, a single specimen of a thin film bonded to a substrate with orthogonal thickness and temperature gradients is subdivided into separate samples. This approach can be adopted to measure the adhesion for films with thickness in the sub-micron range by the addition of an overlayer. Requirements for valid testing results from a mechanistic viewpoint are analyzed using three-dimensional computational fracture mechanics. An initial test result is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1369 BN 0-08-044195-5 J9 ESIS PUBL PY 2003 VL 32 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Mechanics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BY46Q UT WOS:000189327200031 ER PT J AU Batinic-Haberle, I Okado-Matsumoto, A Spasojevic, I Hambright, P Stevens, RD Neta, P Fridovich, T AF Batinic-Haberle, I Okado-Matsumoto, A Spasojevic, I Hambright, P Stevens, RD Neta, P Fridovich, T TI Recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of MN water-soluble porphyrin-based catalytic antioxidants SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 19 BP S17 EP S18 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900037 ER PT S AU Prosandeev, SA Cockayne, E Burton, BP AF Prosandeev, SA Cockayne, E Burton, BP BE Davies, PK Singh, DJ TI First principles calculations of ionic vibrational frequencies in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2003 Workshop CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Res, Univ Penn ID ORDER; CERAMICS AB Lattice dynamics for several ordered supercells with composition PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) were calculated with first-principles frozen phonon methods. Nominal symmetries of the supercells studied are reduced by lattice instabilities. Lattice modes corresponding to these instabilities, equilibrium ionic positions, and simulated infrared (IR) reflectance spectra are reported. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prosandeev, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0146-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 677 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX39P UT WOS:000185145000018 ER PT S AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, JC BE Davies, PK Singh, DJ TI Site-specific x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: A new method to measure partial density of valence states SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2003 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2003 Workshop CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Res, Univ Penn ID STANDING WAVES AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has emerged as a premiere method for examining the electronic structure of solids and films. However, as the intensity of a monochromatic photon beam is constant over the dimensions of the Crystalline unit Cell, standard photoemission measurements are unable to produce direct, site-specific valence information. Here we demonstrate that by utilizing the sinusoidal variation of the electric-field intensity that occurs within the vicinity of a crystal x-ray Bragg reflection, photoelectron partial density of states of the individual atoms within the crystalline unit cell may be directly obtained. The technique is demonstrated for Rutile TiO(2) and compared to state of the art density functional calculations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0146-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 677 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX39P UT WOS:000185145000031 ER PT B AU Woodhouse, C AF Woodhouse, C BE Smith, SL TI Droughts of the past, implications for the future? SO FUTURE OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Future of the Southern Plains CY 2001 CL SO Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX SP William P Clements Ctr SO Studies, Dept Hist Sharpe HO SO Methodist Univ ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; COLORADO PLATEAUS; GREAT-PLAINS; CLIMATE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; ECOLOGY; TEXAS; WARM; USA C1 NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV OKLAHOMA PRESS PI NORMAN PA 1005 ASPAVE, NORMAN, OK 73019-0445 USA BN 0-8061-3553-0 PY 2003 BP 95 EP 113 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA BAG43 UT WOS:000222082900004 ER PT S AU Robins, LH Steiner, B Sanford, NA Menoni, C AF Robins, LH Steiner, B Sanford, NA Menoni, C BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Low-electron-energy cathodoluminescence study of polishing and etching effects on the optical properties of bulk single-crystal gallium nitride SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; FILMS AB Low electron energy cathodoluminescence (LEECL) was used to examine polishing-induced damage in a bulk high-pressure grown GaN single-crystal platelet. The Ga-polarity face of the platelet was mechanically polished; chemically-assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE) to a depth of 200 nm was performed on a portion of this face. Low-temperature (15 K) CL spectra of the polished-only and polished+CAME regions of the Ga-face were taken at 2.8 kV, 5.4 kV, and 10.6 W (corresponding to average electron penetration depths of 19 nm, 56 nm, and 170 nm). The low-temperature CL spectrum of the unpolished, N-polarity face was taken at 10.6 M In the near-band-edge region, all the CL spectra from the Ga-polarity face show a narrow peak near 3.47 eV, ascribed to donor-bound exciton recombination, and several overlapping peaks at lower energy (3.1 eV to 3.4 eV), ascribed to defect-related levels or to donor-acceptor pair recombination. Functional curve-fitting analysis enabled deconvolution of the spectra into the sum of an asymmetric peak (the donor-bound exciton) and several symmetric Gaussian peaks (the lower energy, defect-related or donor-acceptor peaks). The linewidth of the donor-bound exciton peak decreased with increasing penetration depth, and also decreased on going from the polished-only to the polished+CAIBE region. The relative intensity of a defect-related peak at approximate to3.325 eV showed a similar decreasing trend with increasing penetration depth or with CAME treatment. The LEECL results suggest that the thickness of the polishing damage layer is approximately 400 nm; the 200 nm CAIBE step is thus insufficient to completely remove the damage. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100034 ER PT S AU Sanford, NA Robins, LH Davydov, AV Shapiro, AJ Tsvetkov, DV Dmitriev, VA Keller, S Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP AF Sanford, NA Robins, LH Davydov, AV Shapiro, AJ Tsvetkov, DV Dmitriev, VA Keller, S Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Measurements of the refractive indices of MOCVD and HVPE grown AlGaN films using prism-coupling techniques correlated with spectroscopic renection/transmission analysis SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELLIPSOMETRY; REFLECTANCE; WURTZITE; SAPPHIRE; NITRIDE; GAN AB Waveguide prism-coupling methods were used to measure the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of AlxGa1-xN films grown on sapphire substrates by HVPE and MOCVD. Several discrete wavelengths ranging from 442 nm to 1064 nm were used and the results were fit to one-term Sellmeier equations. The maximum standard uncertainty in the refractive index measurements was +/- 0.005 and the maximum standard uncertainty in the self-consistent calculation for film thickness was +/- 15 nm. Analysis of normal-incidence spectroscopic transmittance and reflectance measurements, correlated with the prism-coupling results, was used to determine the ordinary refractive index as a continuous function of wavelength from the band gap wavelength of each sample (between 252 nm and 364 nm) to 2500 nm. The Al compositions of the samples were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDS). HVPE grown samples had compositions x = 0.279, 0.363, 0.593, and 0.657. MOCVD samples had x = 0.00, 0.419, 0.507, 0.618, 0.660, and 0.666. The maximum standard uncertainty in the absolute EDS-determined value for x was +/- 0.02. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100110 ER PT B AU Griffies, SM AF Griffies, SM BE Rodo, X Comin, FA TI An introduction to ocean climate modeling SO GLOBAL CLIMATE: CURRENT RESEARCH AND UNCERTAINITIES IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global Climate CY MAR, 1999 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP La Caixa Fdn, Univ Recerca, Dept Generalitat Catalunya, Univ Barcelona ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SCALE; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; ATLANTIC; STRESS C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus Rte 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM smg@gfdl.noaa.gov NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43820-3 PY 2003 BP 55 EP 79 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV97J UT WOS:000180553000005 ER PT B AU Griffies, SM AF Griffies, SM BE Rodo, X Comin, FA TI An introduction to linear predictability analysis SO GLOBAL CLIMATE: CURRENT RESEARCH AND UNCERTAINITIES IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global Climate CY MAR, 1999 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP La Caixa Fdn, Univ Recerca, Dept Generalitat Catalunya, Univ Barcelona ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus Rte 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM smg@gfdl.noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43820-3 PY 2003 BP 80 EP 101 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV97J UT WOS:000180553000006 ER PT S AU Golmie, N Rebala, O AF Golmie, N Rebala, O GP IEEE TI Bluetooth adaptive techniques to mitigate interference SO GLOBECOM'03: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 03) CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, ICC, IEEE Commun Soc AB In this paper, we investigate the use of adaptive techniques to mitigate interference for Bluetooth systems in the presence of WLAN direct sequence spread spectrum devices. We consider two different techniques that attempt to avoid time and frequency collisions of WLAN and Bluetooth transmissions. We conduct a comparative analysis of their performance for several dynamic scenarios where the WLAN interference varies over time due to either change in user activity or number of non-overlapping WLAN systems. We discuss the trade-offs involved in terms of delay, packet loss performance, and synchronization. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nada.golmie@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7974-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2003 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY73X UT WOS:000189451400080 ER PT B AU Jung, JW Mudumbai, R Montgomery, D Kahng, HK AF Jung, JW Mudumbai, R Montgomery, D Kahng, HK GP IEEE TI Performance evaluation of two layered mobility management using mobile IP and session initiation protocol SO GLOBECOM'03: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 03) CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, ICC, IEEE Commun Soc DE SIP; mobile IP; mobility; handoff AB In this paper we present results, which have obtained by extensive simulations for Mobile IP and Session Initiation Protocol from the perspective of VoIP service in wireless Internet access. After illustrating the problem in these two protocols for diverse cases of mobility management, we propose an integrated model, to reduce the handover latency and packet loss during handover. This combination of network and application layer mobility management model reduces disruption time during handovers and provides fast handoff for ongoing conversations. Simulation results presented in this paper are based on the NS2 Mobility Software[12]. However, since the current version of NS2 does not include SIP model for VoIP service, we add a suite of new features and procedures that are specific to this paper. The simulations results show that our proposed mechanisms achieve better performance than other protocols. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jung, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7974-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2003 BP 1190 EP 1194 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2003.1258427 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY73X UT WOS:000189451400232 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS AB Room temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs) have emerged as tunable and potentially " greener" solvents for a multitude of applications. To investigate the solvent properties and potential use as a thermal fluid, a study was initiated to determine the effects of anion type, C- 2 hydrogen substitution, and alkyl chain length on the flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids. A Setaflash flashpoint apparatus was used to determine the flammabilities of the RTILs. No flashpoints were detected for any of the imidazolium based RTILs below 200 degrees C, the maximum temperature of the instrument. The thermal stabilities of the RTILs were measured using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. The 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium compounds exhibit slightly higher thermal stabilities than the comparable 1,3- dialkylimidazolium compounds; RTILs with nucleophilic anions decompose about 150 degrees C lower than RTILs with bulky fluoride containing anions; the alkyl chain length does not have a large effect on the thermal stability of the RTILs; and the pyrolysis decomposition exhibits higher thermal stabilities via a different mechanism than the oxidative decomposition. In addition, it was found that although the calculated onset temperatures were above 350 degrees C, significant decomposition does occur 100 degrees C or more below these temperatures. The phase change behaviors of several imidazolium based RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting points of the RTILs increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Most of the salts studied exhibited significant undercooling, which decreased as the length of the alkyl chain was increased. The hexafluorophosphate and bromide RTILs exhibited polymorphic and liquid crystalline behaviors as the alkyl chain length was increased above C10. The clearing point temperatures increased more rapidly with alkyl chain length than the melting point temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1039/b308444b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 750BD UT WOS:000186970700012 ER PT B AU Fuller, J Gaune-Escardo, M AF Fuller, J Gaune-Escardo, M BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR Volkov, S TI The challenges of building a molten salt database SO GREEN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids CY APR 12-16, 2000 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP NATO C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Room 109,820 W Diamond Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1136-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 92 BP 275 EP 294 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BW80V UT WOS:000183251700016 ER PT B AU Gnanadesikan, A Sarmiento, JL Slater, RD AF Gnanadesikan, A Sarmiento, JL Slater, RD BE Gale, J Kaya, Y TI Efficiency and effects of carbon sequestration through ocean fertilization: Results from a model study SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER ID PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; IRON FERTILIZATION; CO2 AB Simulations of ocean fertilization, which is patchy in space and time, were carried out using a simple model of nutrient cycling embedded in an ocean general circulation model which is integrated for 100 years. The fraction of the transient pulse of carbon produced by fertilization that comes out of the atmosphere is highly variable (ranging from 2%-44%). This fraction depends on the details of the long-term fate of the nutrients added as part of the fertilization, making verification of carbon sequestration extremely difficult. Additionally, in cases where fertilization removes nutrients from the surface layer, the result is to cause a decrease in production at subsequent times. These effects need to be taken into account when the impacts of fertilization on atmospheric carbon dioxide are evaluated. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044276-5 PY 2003 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX41P UT WOS:000185208000134 ER PT S AU Odstrcil, D AF Odstrcil, D BE Potgieter, MS Heber, B Fichtner, H Marsden, RG TI Modeling 3-D solar wind structure SO HELIOSPHERE AT SOLAR MAXIMUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D1 1/D2 1/E3 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly/2nd Space Congress CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Commiss Space Res ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STREAMER; STORMS; DRIVEN; CMES AB Recent advances in numerical methods and computer systems make it possible to tackle complicated, more realistic ambient and transient solar wind flows. An overview of the ongoing work performed at the NOAA Space Environment Center is presented with examples illustrating: (a) global 3-D interaction of a CME propagating in structured background solar wind, (b) incorporation of a more realistic ambient solar wind, (c) merging of coronal and heliospheric models to track CMEs, and (d) near-Earth solar wind simulations. The aim is to highlight the complexities confronting numerical modelers in meeting challenges imposed by space weather research and forecasting. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Odstrcil, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 26 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00332-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX86J UT WOS:000186667900008 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Magomedov, UB AF Abdulagatov, IM Magomedov, UB TI Thermal conductivity of pure water and aqueous SrBr2 solutions at high temperatures and high pressures SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; 100 MPA; 473 K; LIBR SOLUTIONS; LIQUIDS; RANGE; NACL AB Accurate thermal conductivity measurements were made on pure water and H2O + SrBr2 solutions at pressures up to 100 MPa over the temperature range 293 - 473 K with a parallel-plate apparatus. The concentrations studied were between 2.5 and 20 mass%. The estimated accuracy of the method is about 1.6%. The pressure, temperature, and concentration dependences of the thermal conductivity have been studied. The thermal conductivity shows an almost linear dependence on pressure and concentration. Along each isobar, at a given concentration, the lambda(sol) - T curves show a thermal conductivity maximum at temperatures between 405 K and 420 K depending on pressure and concentration. The measured values of thermal conductivity at atmospheric pressure were compared with values reported by other authors and values calculated with the use of various correlation equations and prediction techniques. The experimental and calculated values from IAPWS formulation of thermal conductivity for pure water show excellent agreement within their experimental uncertainties (AAD = 0.38%). The experimental results have been correlated in terms of the polynomials of x, T, P for practical use. The concentration dependence of the relative thermal conductivity lambda(sol)/lambda(H2O) was studied. The values of apparent and partial molar thermal conductivity were derived from the measured values of thermal conductivity for solutions lambda(sol) and pure water lambda(H2O). Derived apparent molar thermal conductivities were extrapolated to zero concentration (x --> 0) to yield partial molar thermal conductivity values phi(lambda)(infinity) of electrolyte (SrBr2) at infinite dilution. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mangur@datacom.ru NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2003 VL 35-6 IS 2 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1068/htjr097 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 825ON UT WOS:000221767900003 ER PT J AU Prokhorov, AV Mekhontsev, SN Hanssen, LM AF Prokhorov, AV Mekhontsev, SN Hanssen, LM TI Emissivity modeling of thermal radiation sources with concentric grooves SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; BLACKBODY; CAVITIES AB Monte-Carlo-based specialized software has been applied to the statistical modeling of effective emissivity of radiators with concentric grooves of trapezoidal and triangular profile. A specular-diffuse model is used in which the thermal emission from the walls obeys Lambert's cosine law, and reflection may have both specular and diffuse (Lambertian) components. The angular dependences of effective emissivity of a radiator with concentric triangular and trapezoidal grooves are computed for various values of the diffuse component. Grooves with isothermal and non-isothermal walls are modeled. It is shown that a temperature drop towards the peak of a groove might lead to substantially decreased effective emissivity. An example of a modeling result for a grooved radiator with reflector enhancement is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prokhorov, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leonard.hanssen@nist.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2003 VL 35-6 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1068/htjr093 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 825ON UT WOS:000221767900007 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND TI High-temperature and high-pressure densities of aqueous NaClO4 solutions SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article ID 573 K; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; EQUIVALENT-REFRACTION; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; MOLAR VOLUMES; DEPENDENCY; NANO3; WATER; MPA AB Densities of four aqueous NaClO4 solutions (0.0825, 0.288, 0.488, 0.965 mol kg(-1) H2O) have been measured in the liquid phase with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made at ten isotherms between 293 K and 573 K. The range of pressures was 0.1 to 38 MPa. The total uncertainties of density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 0.06%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.014%, respectively. Values of saturated densities were determined by extrapolating experimental P-p data to the vapor pressure at fixed temperature and composition. Partial and apparent molar volumes were derived by using measured values of density for the solutions and for pure water. The apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield partial molar volumes at infinite dilution. The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependences of partial and apparent molar volumes were studied. A polynomial type of equation of state for specific volume was obtained from the experimental data by a least-squares method as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. The average absolute deviation between measured values and values calculated with this polynomial equation for density is 0.02%. The measured values of density, and apparent and partial molar volume are compared with data reported in the literature. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala 367003, Russia. Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov; Nazim_Azizov@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2003 VL 35-6 IS 4 BP 477 EP 498 DI 10.1068/htjr121 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 962AS UT WOS:000231704000009 ER PT B AU Voorhees, EM AF Voorhees, EM GP ACL TI Evaluating the evaluation: A case study using the TREC 2002 question answering track SO HLT-NAACL 2003: HUMAN LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CHAPTER OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE MAIN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human Language Technology Conference CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2003 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Assoc Computat Linguist, N Amer Chapter AB Evaluating competing technologies on a common problem set is a powerful way to improve the state of the art and hasten technology transfer. Yet poorly designed evaluations can waste research effort or even mislead researchers with faulty conclusions. Thus it is important to examine the quality of a new evaluation task to establish its reliability. This paper provides an example of one such assessment by analyzing the task within the TREC 2002 question answering track. The analysis demonstrates that comparative results from the new task are stable, and empirically estimates the size of the difference required between scores to confidently conclude that two runs are different. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Voorhees, Ellen/D-1755-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOCIATION COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS PI SOMERSET PA PO BOX 6090, SOMERSET, NJ 08875 USA BN 1-932432-04-3 PY 2003 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA BAP05 UT WOS:000223096100034 ER PT B AU Ricker, RE AF Ricker, RE BE Moody, NR Thompson, AW Ricker, RE Was, GS Jones, RH TI Modeling the influence of crack path deviations on the propagation of stress corrosion cracks SO HYDROGEN EFFECTS ON MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AND CORROSION DEFORMATION INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interactions CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL Moran, WY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, TMS ASM Environm Effects Comm, European Federat Corros, Environm Sensit Fracture Working Grp, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sandia Natl Labs ID ALLOYS AB Stress corrosion cracks typically nucleate at a stress concentration in the surface and propagate away from the surface on a plane perpendicular to the applied stress. While this is a good macroscopic description of crack propagation, on a microscopic scale, crack tips regularly deviate from this ideal orientation due to deviations in the preferred microstructural paths for crack propagation and microstructural obstacles. These crack path deviations can be influenced by grain boundary size, shape, and crystallographic texture and may or may not have a significant influence on the accuracy of crack propagation rate measurements or the predictions of propagation rate models. This paper examines the effects that crack path deviations can have on measuring and modeling stress corrosion crack propagation by developing a technique for quantifying these deviations and estimating the difference between the measured and the true rate of crack tip propagation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Technol Adm, Mat Sci & Engn Lab,Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Technol Adm, Mat Sci & Engn Lab,Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-501-8 PY 2003 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAF66 UT WOS:000222027500056 ER PT B AU Ricker, RE Vasudevan, AK AF Ricker, RE Vasudevan, AK BE Moody, NR Thompson, AW Ricker, RE Was, GS Jones, RH TI The influence of grain boundary precipitation on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-Li and Al-Li-Cu alloys SO HYDROGEN EFFECTS ON MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AND CORROSION DEFORMATION INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interactions CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL Moran, WY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, TMS ASM Environm Effects Comm, European Federat Corros, Environm Sensit Fracture Working Grp, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sandia Natl Labs ID FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR AB The stress corrosion cracking behavior of precipitation hardened alloys may depend on a large number of microstructural parameters that vary during fabrication and heat treatment such as grain size, grain boundary solute segregation, matrix precipitate size, grain boundary precipitate size, precipitate free zone size, and matrix slip character. All of these factors vary simultaneously during normal heat treatments. As a result, it is difficult to assess independently the contribution of each microstructural factor to the SCC behavior of an alloy. To enable evaluation of the influence of grain boundary precipitate size distribution on the deformation, fracture, and stress corrosion cracking behavior of Al-Li and Al-Li-Cu alloys independent of these other factors, a series of experiments were designed where the matrix yield strength (and therefore, the matrix precipitate size distribution, etc.) was held constant while the grain boundary precipitate size was systematically varied. The relative SCC resistance of the heat treatment conditions was evaluated by conducting slow strain rate tests and the deformation and fracture behavior of these alloys was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-501-8 PY 2003 BP 927 EP 935 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAF66 UT WOS:000222027500084 ER PT S AU Paul, RL Chen-Mayer, HH Myneni, GR AF Paul, RL Chen-Mayer, HH Myneni, GR BE Myneni, GP Chattopadhyay, S TI Determination of hydrogen in niobium by cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis and neutron incoherent scattering SO HYDROGEN IN MATERIALS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Hydrogen in Materials and Vacuum Systems CY NOV 11-13, 2002 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA SP AVS Mid Atlantic Chapter, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, Reference Met Co Inc, Tokyo Dankai Co Ltd, Wah Chang, Jefferson Lab, Old Dominion Univ Phys Dept, Coll William & Mary AB The presence of trace amounts of hydrogen in niobium is believed to have a detrimental effect on the mechanical and superconducting properties. Unfortunately, few techniques are capable of measuring hydrogen at these levels. We have developed two techniques for measuring hydrogen in materials. Cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) has proven useful for the determination of hydrogen and other elements in a wide variety of materials. Neutron incoherent scattering (NIS), a complementary tool to PGAA, has been used to measure trace hydrogen in titanium. Both techniques were used to study the effects of vacuum heating and chemical polishing on the hydrogen content of superconducting niobium. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0137-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 671 BP 151 EP 161 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BX20E UT WOS:000184582200015 ER PT J AU Bohm, S Schippers, S Shi, W Muller, A Djuric, N Dunn, GH Zong, W Jelenkovic, B Danared, H Eklow, N Glans, P Schuch, R Badnell, NR AF Bohm, S Schippers, S Shi, W Muller, A Djuric, N Dunn, GH Zong, W Jelenkovic, B Danared, H Eklow, N Glans, P Schuch, R Badnell, NR TI Enhancement of dielectronic recombination by external electromagnetic fields SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators CY SEP 08-13, 2001 CL AARHUS, DENMARK SP Commiss European Union, Danish Res Fdn DE dielectronic recombination enhancement ID IONS AB The enhancement of the dielectronic recombination rate of lithiumlike Ne7+ and O5+ ions by external electromagnetic fields has been measured at the storage ring CRYRING. The energy range covered all 1s(2)2pnl dielectronic recombination resonances attached to the 2s --> 2p core excitation. Electric fields up to 1436 V/cm were applied in the Ne7+ experiment and the saturation of the enhancement with increasing electric field could clearly be seen. In the O5+ experiment the enhancement was studied as a function of the Rydberg quantum number n. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Inst Phys, YU-10800 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Manne Siegbahn Inst, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Bohm, S (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2003 VL 146 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000004208.82238.fa PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 744MW UT WOS:000186637100005 ER PT B AU Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Linholm, LW AF Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Linholm, LW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Junction-isolated electrical test structures for critical dimension calibration standards' SO ICMTS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 17-20, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Electr Devices Soc ID FEATURES AB NIST is developing single-crystal reference materials for use as critical dimension (CD) calibration standards. In earlier work, these structures have been electrically isolated from the substrate by the buried insulator of a silicon-on-insulator (Sol) wafer. This paper describes a new method of isolating the structures from the substrate by means of a pn junction. The junction isolation technique is expected to provide several advantages over the SOI technique including minimal susceptibility to charging when imaged in a CD scanning electron microscope (CDSEM), better edge quality, and ease of manufacture. Primary calibration of these reference materials is via imaging the cross-section of the feature with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) at sufficient magnification to resolve and count the individual lattice plane while electrical test structure metrology techniques provide the transfer calibration. Secondary calibration is performed via electrical test structure metrology, supplemented by visual techniques to verify that the features meet uniformity requirements. In this paper, we describe results for determining the electrical critical dimensions of these junction-isolated structures. This measurement and data analysis technique is a unique combination of the short-bridge variation of the cross-bridge resistor and the multi-bridge structure. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8123, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7653-6 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2003.1197360 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BW58G UT WOS:000182493300001 ER PT B AU Madhavan, R Messina, E AF Madhavan, R Messina, E GP IEEE IEEE TI Iterative registration of 3D LADAR data for autonomous navigation SO IEEE IV2003: INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Intelligent Vehicles Symposium CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP IEEE Intelligent Transportat Syst AB This paper describes an iterative algorithm for registration of 3D LADAR data. The proposed approach is iconic in nature with suitable modifications to deal with false/spurious matches, occlusions and outliers. Experimental results using data obtained from field trials on an eXperimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. The paper also details ongoing research efforts to determine the feasibility of employing the algorithm for real-time autonomous navigation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@nist.gov; elena.messina@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7848-2 PY 2003 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1109/IVS.2003.1212906 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BW95X UT WOS:000183764100035 ER PT J AU Qu, YY Wang, CZ Gao, L Wang, XS AF Qu, YY Wang, CZ Gao, L Wang, XS TI Supporting movement pattern queries in user-specified scales SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE time series; subseries; movement pattern; movement pattern query; shape query; approximate representation AB An important investigation of moving objects involves searching for objects with specific movement patterns, such as "going up," "going towards southwest," or a combination of these. Movement patterns can be in various scales, and larger-scale patterns usually span over longer time periods with greater disturbances ignored. Movement pattern queries ask for moving objects which show a given movement pattern in a specific scale. This paper studies database techniques to support fast evaluation of movement pattern queries in user-specified scales. The database is assumed to contain position information of moving objects sampled at a certain time interval. A movement pattern is defined as a regular expression of movement letters where each letter describes a set of movement directions. For each series of positions, movement directions of all scales are precomputed and results are mapped into points on a plane. Points on this plane usually cluster well and can be readily bounded by trapezoids, These bounding trapezods are then stored in a relational database and the query language SQL can be used to help evaluate movement pattern queries. This paper also reports some experiments conducted on a real data set as well as a synthesized data set, Results show that both the precomputation algorithm and the bounding strategy are efficient and scalable. C1 CSC, NOAA, SAA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Math & Comp Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Informat & Software Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP CSC, NOAA, SAA, 5627 Allentown Rd,Suite 100, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM yunyao.qu@noaa.gov; changzhou.wang@boeing.com; lgao@gmu.edu; xywang@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 EI 1558-2191 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 26 EP 42 DI 10.1109/TKDE.2003.1161580 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 632NW UT WOS:000180230300003 ER PT J AU Janezic, MD Williams, DF Blaschke, V Karamcheti, A Chang, CS AF Janezic, MD Williams, DF Blaschke, V Karamcheti, A Chang, CS TI Permittivity characterization of low-k thin films from transmission-line measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE dielectric constant; low-k; measurement; microstrip; permittivity; thin film; transmission line AB We have developed a broad-band technique for measuring the relative permittivity of low-k thin films using microstrip transmission-line measurements. From measurements of the complex microstrip propagation constant and the characteristic impedance, we determined the relative permittivity of thin films incorporated in microstrip lines. We present measurement results to 40 GHz for both an oxide and a bisbenzoeyclobutene low-k thin-film and show a variability of permittivity of approximately +/-5% over the entire frequency range. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Int Sematech, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 11 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2002.806925 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 633RL UT WOS:000180296200015 ER PT B AU Irisov, V Godin, O AF Irisov, V Godin, O GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Microwave brightness temperature variations caused by ocean internal waves SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Oceanic internal waves were observed by microwave radiometers from a blimp during the COPE'99 experiment. Brightness temperature variations caused by sea surface roughness modulation and enhanced wave breaking were compared with model calculations. It is shown that direct wave amplitude modulation by currents cannot explain the observed brightness temperature variations, but inclusion of wave breaking and foam coverage modulation results in a good agreement with experimental data. C1 Zel Technol LLC, NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Irisov, V (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway,ET1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500081 ER PT B AU Cunningham, JD Ricker, FL Nelson, CS AF Cunningham, JD Ricker, FL Nelson, CS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system future US operational earth observation system SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Over the last nine years the Integrated Program Office has been developing the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). NPOESS spacecraft will be launched into three orbital planes beginning later this decade to provide significantly improved operational capabilities and benefits to satisfy the critical civil and national security requirements for space-based, remotely sensed environmental data. C1 NOAA, Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cunningham, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500116 ER PT B AU Ferraro, RR McCollum, JR AF Ferraro, RR McCollum, JR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Rainfall over land from the AMSR-E SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE precipitation; satellite; microwave; AMSR AB Significant improvements in the retrieval of instantaneous rain rates over land have occurred through the continued evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF), which has been used in the TRMM mission and most recently, the Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E). At present, GPROF V6 incorporates a probability of convective rain, in conjunction with a convective and stratiform set of rain rate radiance vectors, which are then used to compute a final surface rain rate. Preliminary results with TMI and AMSR-E over the United States on the instantaneous scale suggest low bias errors and high correlations when compared with rain gauge adjusted radar rainfall estimates. Discussion on the use of specialized ground validation sites at Eureka, CA and Iowa City, IA are also presented. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ferraro, RR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD USA. RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 669 EP 671 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500219 ER PT B AU Stankov, BB Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Leuski, V Weber, BL Irisov, V Cline, D Yevgrafov, A AF Stankov, BB Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Leuski, V Weber, BL Irisov, V Cline, D Yevgrafov, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Airborne measurement of snow cover properties using the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer during the Cold Land Processes Experiments (CLPX02-03) SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Multispectral polarimetric microwave brightness temperature maps of snowpack in the Colorado Rocky Mountains were obtained using the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) during three Cold Land Processes Experiments (CLPX) in February 2002, February 2003, and March 2003. The PSR CLPX data offers unique high-resolution information about snow extent, polarimetric emissivity, and snow water equivalent at scales commensurate with natural inhomogeneities in terrain and precipitation patterns. The data is being used for several purposes including snowpack and snowmelt hydrology, calibration and validation of the AMSR-E sensor, cryospheric satellite sensor design, wideband snow emissivity modeling, and snowpack change detection. Initial results from CLPX02 using the PSR/A scanhead are presented showing brightness temperature, emissivity, and estimated snow water equivalent (SWE) maps. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stankov, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 683 EP 685 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500224 ER PT B AU Zavorotny, V Masters, D Gasiewski, A Bartram, B Katzberg, S Axelrad, P Zamora, R AF Zavorotny, V Masters, D Gasiewski, A Bartram, B Katzberg, S Axelrad, P Zamora, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Seasonal polarimetric measurements of soil moisture using tower-based GPS bistatic radar SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID RADIOMETER AB The results of GPS L-band (L1, lambda = 19 cm) surface reflection measurements observed using multiple polarizations and receiving antenna gains are described. The measurements were performed using the 300-m tall ETL Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower during summer through fall of 2002. In this experiment the first seasonal measurements of bare soil moisture from a stationary location using bistatic reflection of signal of opportunity were performed. Several receiving antennas offering various gain and polarization sensitivities were used. Theoretical modeling of bistatic surface scattering shows that the magnitude and width of the reflected waveform depend on the dielectric permittivity of the soil, vegetation cover, and soil roughness. By observing from a fixed tower over low grass the roughness of the reflecting area remains constant, hence variations in the signal are uniquely related to changes in the dielectric permittivity, and therefore, to soil moisture. To investigate polarization sensitivity of the reflected signal to soil moisture four endfire (similar to 12 dB) antennas with complete circular and orthogonal polarization sensitivities were used. The high-gain antennas increased the receiver dynamic range and reduced surface multipath radio wave interference. Seasonal retrievals of soil-moisture content from multi-polarization GPS reflection data is presented and compared with in-situ soil moisture measurements. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zavorotny, V (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 781 EP 783 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500257 ER PT B AU Gasiewski, AJ Voronovich, A Weber, BL Stankov, B Klein, M Hill, RJ Bao, JW AF Gasiewski, AJ Voronovich, A Weber, BL Stankov, B Klein, M Hill, RJ Bao, JW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Geosynchronous microwave (GEM) sounder/imager observation system simulation SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID WATER-VAPOR; SENSITIVITY; CHANNELS AB Precipitation sensitivity calculations suggest that a geosynchronous microwave (GEM) sounder/imager using millimeter- and submillimeter-wave channels at 50-57, 118, 183, 340, 380, and 424 GHz with a 2-3 meter diameter real aperture antenna will provide time-resolved radiance data valuable for tracking convective precipitation events using a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Presented are scattering-based Jacobian simulations of a landfalling hurricane that illustrate the capabilities of GEM for precipitation measurement and NWP-based radiance assimilation. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gasiewski, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1209 EP 1211 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500398 ER PT B AU Westwater, ER Racette, P Cimini, D Han, Y AF Westwater, ER Racette, P Cimini, D Han, Y GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Millimeter-wavelength forward-model comparisons based on ground-based radiometric data taken during the 1999 NSA radiometric experiment SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Based on radiometric and radiosonde observations made at the North Slope of Alaska, during March 1991, comparisons of measured and calculated brightness temperatures are made for frequencies ranging from 23.8 to 340 GHz. Three clear air absorption models of Liebe (1987 and 1993) and Rosenkranz (1998) are used. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Westwater, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway MS R E ET1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1218 EP 1221 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500401 ER PT B AU Gasiewski, AJ Zavorotny, VU AF Gasiewski, AJ Zavorotny, VU GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Estimation of coupling between mobile vehicular radars and satellite radiometers SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Coupling of emissions from wideband vehicular collision avoidance radars into passive microwave satellites can impart significant interference to earth remote sensing applications. One of the most physically obvious coupling mechanisms is reflection of the main lobe of the radar by another vehicle toward the main lobe of the radiometer. Since vehicular radars will commonly illuminate another close-in leading vehicle it is suspected that such scattering scenarios will be commonplace. In order to estimate the interference from a collection of such vehicular radars to a passive microwave satellite we performed numerical simulations to determine the system coupling coefficient C-sm,. The only reflection taken into account is that from the rear window of the leading vehicle. We considered three typical styles of automobiles having rear window angles of 25degrees, 35degrees, and 45degrees. It is shown that reflection of radiation from vehicular radars from the rear windows of automobiles can alone easily cause a significant amount of coupling (-10 to -20 dB) with space-borne radiometers. Additional scattering can be expected from other metallic parts of the leading automobile and by other nearby objects such as trees, railings, barriers, and the tilted roofs of buildings. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gasiewski, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway R-ET1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1748 EP 1750 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500574 ER PT B AU Zrnic, DS Ryzhkov, AV AF Zrnic, DS Ryzhkov, AV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Polarimetric properties of chaff SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 2359 EP 2361 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500775 ER PT B AU Raizer, V AF Raizer, V GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Validation of two-dimensional ocean microwave signatures SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID SEA-SURFACE AB A novel passive microwave-imaging methodology is developed to be used in ocean remote sensing. This technique is based on high-resolution scanning radiometric observations and digital image analysis. Two-dimensional, ocean thermal microwave emission features (signatures) are detected in the form of extended texture mosaics and distinct objects. Usually they are revealed as sets of low-contrast cold and hot spots. We hypothesize that the observed signatures can be associated with local oceanic phenomena and hydrodynamical disturbances. Several basic examples are presented and explained. C1 NOAA, Zel Technol, LLC, Environm Technol Lab, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Raizer, V (reprint author), NOAA, Zel Technol, LLC, Environm Technol Lab, 10281 Friendship Court, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 2694 EP 2696 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500885 ER PT B AU Naugolnykh, K Charnotskii, M AF Naugolnykh, K Charnotskii, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Sea-surface temperature modulation by gravity-capillary wave SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB The vorticity generation by gravity-capillary parasitic ripples and subsequent modulation of the sea-surface temperature are considered. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Zeltech, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Naugolnykh, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Zeltech, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 2727 EP 2728 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500896 ER PT B AU Brown, SW Johnson, BC Souaidia, N Barnes, RA Clark, DK AF Brown, SW Johnson, BC Souaidia, N Barnes, RA Clark, DK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Stray light and ocean-color remote sensing SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE ocean color; radionsetry; stray light ID SEAWIFS AB Instruments used to make radiometric measurements of the ocean are typically calibrated against incandescent sources with a spectral distribution that peaks in the near-infrared while the radiant flux from the ocean peaks in the blue to green spectral region. Because of the different spectral distributions between the calibration source and the ocean color, stray light (or spectral out-of-band) in an instrument's response can cause significant systematic errors in the measurement of optical properties of the ocean. Approaches to the stray-light characterization and correction of instrumentation used to develop remotely sensed ocean color data products are presented in this work The goal is to reduce the variance in radiometric measurements of ocean color to produce more consistent longterm, multi-sensor (both ground- and satellite-based) data sets that may lead to increased understanding of bio-physical processes in the oceans. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 4521 EP 4524 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293501490 ER PT J AU Son, YJ Wysk, RA Jones, AT AF Son, YJ Wysk, RA Jones, AT TI Simulation-based shop floor control: formal model, model generation and control interface SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS AB In this paper, a structure and architecture for the rapid realization of a simulation-based real-time shop floor control system for a discrete part manufacturing system is presented. The research focuses on automatic simulation model and execution system generation from a production resource model. An Automatic Execution Model Generator (AEMG) has been designed and implemented for generating a Message-based Part State Graph (MPSG)-based shop level execution model. An Automatic Simulation Model Generator (ASMG) has been designed and implemented for generating an Arena simulation model based on a resource model (MS Access 97) and an MPSG-based shop level execution model. A commercial finite capacity scheduler, Tempo, has been used to provide schedule information for the Arena simulation model. This research has been implemented and tested for six manufacturing systems, including The Pennsylvania State University CIM laboratory. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Son, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1080/07408170390116643 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 644UQ UT WOS:000180938100003 ER PT S AU Fenimore, CP Nikolaev, AI AF Fenimore, CP Nikolaev, AI BE Vasudev, B Hsing, TR Tescher, AG Ebrahimi, T TI Assessment of resolution and dynamic range for digital cinema SO IMAGE AND VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS AND PROCESSING 2003, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Video Communications and Processing CY JAN 21-24, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE banding; contrast; digital cinema; display measurement; just noticeable difference; resolution; subjective assessment AB The proponents of digital cinema seek picture quality exceeding that of the best film-based presentation. Quantifying the performance of systems for the presentation of high quality imagery presents several challenges. One is the dynamic range and the resolution may not be simply related to the nominal characteristics of bit-depth and pixel counts. We review some of the measurement methods that have been applied to determining these characteristics. One of the presumed advantages of high bit depth systems is to reduce the visibility of image banding. Non-uniformity of the display can be compensated in test pattern design to enable the measurement of banding contrast. The subjective assessment of banding is compared to a contrast-weighted model of just noticeable image differences. Applied to a class of image banding test patterns, the metric relates dynamic range to contouring. The model produces an estimate of the visibility threshold for image contouring in a 10-bit system, superior to a simple Weber model. These measurement issues will continue to be challenges as d-cinema systems improve. C1 NIST, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Convergent Informat Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fenimore, CP (reprint author), NIST, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Convergent Informat Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4822-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5022 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.484325 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW83V UT WOS:000183315800003 ER PT S AU Smeaton, AF Over, P AF Smeaton, AF Over, P BE Bakker, EM Huang, TS Lew, MS Sebe, N Zhou, X TI TRECVID: Benchmarking the effectiveness of information retrieval tasks on digital video SO IMAGE AND VIDEO RETRIEVAL, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval CY JUL 24-25, 2003 CL URBANA, ILLINOIS SP Beckmen Inst, TsingHua Univ Philips Res, IEE, Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Adv Comp Sci, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign AB Many research groups worldwide are now investigating techniques which can support information retrieval on archives of digital video and as groups move on to implement these techniques they inevitably try to evaluate the performance of their techniques in practical situations. The difficulty with doing this is that there is no test collection or any environment in which the effectiveness of video IR or video IR sub-tasks, can be evaluated and compared. The annual series of TREC exercises has, for over a decade, been benchmarking the effectiveness of systems in carrying out various information retrieval tasks on text and audio and has contributed to a huge improvement in many of these. Two years ago, a track was introduced which covers shot boundary detection, feature extraction and searching through archives of digital video. In this paper we present a summary of the activities in the TREC Video track in 2002 where 17 teams from across the world took part. C1 Dublin City Univ, Ctr Digital Video Proc, Dublin 9, Ireland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Retrieval Grp, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smeaton, AF (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Ctr Digital Video Proc, Dublin 9, Ireland. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40634-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2728 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX52P UT WOS:000185604400003 ER PT S AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ AF Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ GP IEEE IEEE TI The IEEE standard on transitions, pulses, and related waveforms, Std-181 SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB The IEEE has revised the now withdrawn IEEE standards on pulse techniques and definitions. This revision includes adding and deleting definitions, clarifying existing definitions, providing examples of different waveform types, updating text to reflect electronic computation methods, and incorporating algorithms for computing waveform parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200022 ER PT S AU Bergman, DI AF Bergman, DI GP IEEE IEEE TI Dynamic error correction of a digitizer for time domain metrology SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB A method for numerical correction of distortion in a digitizer used for metrology applications is described. Investigation of the digitizer's error behavior in the phase plane leads to the development of an analytic error model that describes the digitizer's distortion behavior. Of particular significance is the model's ability to describe nonlinear error in the fundamental spectral component manifest as amplitude and frequency-dependent gain and phase error. When fitted only to the harmonic distortion content of the digitizer's output data, the model generates an amount of fundamental that correctly accounts for the error in the digitizer's gain that is not due to linear system response The model is therefore able to improve not just the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance of the digitizer but its ac rms measurement accuracy as well. At 1 MHz, the model linearizes the digitizer to 70 muV/V over a range of 1 V to 8 V and reduces harmonic distortion by > 20 dB. It is believed that this is the first time that results of this nature have been reported in the literature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 748 EP 753 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200143 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J Anopchenko, A AF Obrzut, J Anopchenko, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Numerical analysis of a coaxial line terminated with a complex gap capacitance SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID SCATTERING AB A full wave numerical analysis was performed for a coaxial line terminated by a complex gap capacitance. The scattering parameters, input impedance and the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field have been obtained in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 20 GHz for specimens 8 mum to 320 mum thick, with a the dielectric constant of up to 70. It was found that the impedance characteristic of the network is affected by the LC resonance coupled with the cavity resonance. Embedding in the network an inductive component, such as a section of the coaxial transmission line, allows one to decouple these two resonant behaviors. The specimen inductance is linearly dependent on the specimen thickness. At frequencies near the cavity resonance, the specimen section can be treated as a network of a transmission line with capacitance, where the fundamental mode propagates along the diameter of the specimen. The results are useful in improving accuracy of broadband dielectric measurements in extended frequency range of thin films with high dielectric constant that are of interest to bio-and nano-technology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Anopchenko, Oleksiy/D-9478-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 1074 EP 1077 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200206 ER PT S AU Lee, K Song, EY AF Lee, K Song, EY GP IEEE IEEE TI UML model for the IEEE 1451.1 standard SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB The IEEE 1451.1 Standard for Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators - Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model was established to define a common object model and interface specification for the components of a networked smart transducer. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a powerful tool for object-oriented modeling and design of complex systems. There is no existing UML model for the IEEE 1451.1 standard. This paper describes the development of an UML model for the IEEE 1451.1 specification. The resulting UML model captures the attributes, operations, and behavior information of the IEEE 1451.1 objects. This model includes the data model and object model of IEEE 1451.1 standard. It will provide a way to shorten the development time for IEEE 1451.1-based smart sensor applications and to ease the integration of IEEE 1451.1 to other standard such as MIMOSA and OSA-CBM, which are used for condition-based maintenance of equipment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 1587 EP 1592 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200304 ER PT J AU Evans, OM AF Evans, OM TI AI and robotics SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE robots; artificial intelligence AB Traces the development of artificial intelligence and mobile service robots and predicts that intelligent robots will emerge by 2020. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 116 EP 117 DI 10.1108/01439910310464131 PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 665NL UT WOS:000182127400002 ER PT J AU Saracevic, T Voorhees, E Harman, D AF Saracevic, T Voorhees, E Harman, D TI Untitled SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter ID RELEVANCE C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saracevic, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Voorhees, Ellen/D-1755-2013 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 153 EP 156 AR PII S0306-4573(02)00028-6 DI 10.1016/S0306-4573(02)00028-6 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 637DC UT WOS:000180495500010 ER PT S AU Rice, JP Lykke, KR Yoon, HW AF Rice, JP Lykke, KR Yoon, HW BE Holst, GC TI A method for testing the spectral responsivity of infrared cameras using tunable lasers SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cameras; digital micromirror device; infrared; lasers; response; responsivity; spectral; testing; thermal-imaging ID SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION AB We are developing a technique for accurately measuring spectral responsivity functions of infrared cameras using tunable lasers. We present preliminary results for uniform scenes where tunable infrared lasers illuminate an integrating sphere, diffusing the light to fill the imaging system optics. A commercial camera based on a liquid nitrogen-cooled InSb focal plane array was tested in the 1.4 micrometer to 4.7 micrometer spectral range using a continuously-tunable periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric oscillator. Another commercial camera based on an uncooled microbolometer array was tested using a discrete-tunable CO, laser in the 9 micrometer to 11 micrometer spectral range. Results from these tests show that signal-to-noise ratio, uniformity, stability, and other characteristics are favorable for use of this technique in the characterization of infrared imaging systems. We also propose a generalization of this technique, to include scenes with arbitrary, controlled spatial content such as bar patterns or even pictures, by illuminating a commercially-available digital micromirror device (DMD). Dependence on irradiance level, exposure time, and polarization can also be measured. This technique has an inherent advantage over thermal-emitter based methods in that it measures absolute spectral responsivity directly without requiring knowledge of the spectral emissivity or temperature of the source. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.487113 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000011 ER PT S AU Hill, SM Pizzo, VJ AF Hill, SM Pizzo, VJ BE Keil, SL Avakyan, SV TI Advanced solar Imaging from the GOES R spacecraft SO INNOVATIVE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR SOLAR ASTROPHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics CY AUG 24-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE solar corona; X-ray imaging; coronagraph; space weather ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SOHO EIT OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; TEMPERATURES; FLARES; LASCO; HOLE; LIMB AB The NOAA Space Environment Center is proposing enhanced real-time solar observations to be conducted aboard the GOES satellites in the next decade. These spacecraft are in geosynchronous orbit and offer a convenient platform for near-continuous, high data fate monitoring of the Sun and the interplanetary environment. The instrument complement being considered includes at least two solar imagers: 1) an advanced soft X-ray telescope featuring selectable spectral bandpass, large dynamic range, and high image cadence; and 2) a white light coronagraph with moderate resolution and a field of view sufficient to capture events of geophysical significance. Used in combination with other observational assets, this instrumentation would make a significant improvement in space weather forecast capabilities. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4632-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4853 BP 465 EP 478 DI 10.1117/12.460385 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BW44P UT WOS:000182019000045 ER PT S AU Mayer, DA Baringer, MO Goni, GJ AF Mayer, DA Baringer, MO Goni, GJ BE Goni, GJ MalanotteRizzoli, P TI Comparison of hydrographic and altimeter based estimates of sea level height variability in the Atlantic Ocean SO INTERHEMISPHERIC WATER EXCHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN SE ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-the-Physical-Sciences-of-the-Ocean CY OCT, 2001 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CAPE-HATTERAS; ANNUAL CYCLE; TOPEX/POSEIDON; FIELDS; CIRCULATION C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Baringer, MO (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 0-444-51267-5 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE PY 2003 VL 68 BP 23 EP 48 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BY44U UT WOS:000189295500002 ER PT S AU Molinari, RL Bauer, S Snowden, D Johnson, GC Bourles, B Gouriou, Y Mercier, H AF Molinari, RL Bauer, S Snowden, D Johnson, GC Bourles, B Gouriou, Y Mercier, H BE Goni, GJ MalanotteRizzoli, P TI A comparison of kinematic evidence for tropical cells in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans SO INTERHEMISPHERIC WATER EXCHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN SE ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-the-Physical-Sciences-of-the-Ocean CY OCT, 2001 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ID EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; UPPER-LAYER; CIRCULATION; HEAT C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Molinari, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI BOURLES, BERNARD/I-4673-2015; MERCIER, Herle/L-4161-2015; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI BOURLES, BERNARD/0000-0001-6515-4519; MERCIER, Herle/0000-0002-1940-617X; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 0-444-51267-5 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE PY 2003 VL 68 BP 269 EP 286 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BY44U UT WOS:000189295500010 ER PT S AU Snowden, DP Molinari, RL AF Snowden, DP Molinari, RL BE Goni, GJ MalanotteRizzoli, P TI Subtropical cells in the Atlantic ocean: An observational summary SO INTERHEMISPHERIC WATER EXCHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN SE ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-the-Physical-Sciences-of-the-Ocean CY OCT, 2001 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; UPPER-LAYER CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WATER; THERMOCLINE; PATHWAYS; VARIABILITY; MODEL C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Snowden, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 0-444-51267-5 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE PY 2003 VL 68 BP 287 EP 312 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BY44U UT WOS:000189295500011 ER PT S AU Garzoli, SL Ffield, A Yao, Q AF Garzoli, SL Ffield, A Yao, Q BE Goni, GJ MalanotteRizzoli, P TI North Brazil Current Rings and the variability in the latitude of retroflection SO INTERHEMISPHERIC WATER EXCHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN SE ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-the-Physical-Sciences-of-the-Ocean CY OCT, 2001 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; BENGUELA CURRENT; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; EDDIES; CONFLUENCE; TRANSPORT; ALTIMETRY; OCEAN C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Silvia.Garzoli@noaa.gov RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 0-444-51267-5 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE PY 2003 VL 68 BP 357 EP 373 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BY44U UT WOS:000189295500014 ER PT S AU Katsaros, KB Mestas-Nunez, AM Bentamy, A Forde, EB AF Katsaros, KB Mestas-Nunez, AM Bentamy, A Forde, EB BE Goni, GJ MalanotteRizzoli, P TI Wind bursts and enhanced evaporation in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean SO INTERHEMISPHERIC WATER EXCHANGE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN SE ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-the-Physical-Sciences-of-the-Ocean CY OCT, 2001 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LATENT-HEAT FLUXES; CIRCULATION; STRESS; MODEL; WATER; SPEED C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mestas-Nunez, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Mestas-Nunez, Alberto/A-1427-2012 OI Mestas-Nunez, Alberto/0000-0002-3546-3668 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 0-444-51267-5 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE PY 2003 VL 68 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BY44U UT WOS:000189295500018 ER PT S AU Lofgren, BM AF Lofgren, BM BE Wetzel, RG TI Coupled atmosphere-land-lake climate simulation using a regional model SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID GREAT-LAKES C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54063-8 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2003 VL 28 BP 1745 EP 1748 PN 4 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW75Q UT WOS:000183070200025 ER PT B AU Albus, J AF Albus, J BE Hexmoor, H TI Knowledge, understanding, and behavior SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB What does it mean to know something? What is understanding? How does understanding influence behavior? These are philosophical questions that have occupied the best human minds since time of the ancient Greeks. Only in the last 50 years have scientists been able to address these issues with empirical methods. Only in the last decade has the computational power become widely available to pursue these questions beyond the domain of toy problems. Recent results in the field of autonomous ground vehicles are yielding insights into how to acquire and structure knowledge so as to produce intelligent behavior in the domain of autonomous ground vehicles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Albus, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245012 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300001 ER PT J AU Foecke, T Kramer, DE AF Foecke, T Kramer, DE TI In situ TEM observations of fracture in nanolaminated metallic thin films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE in situ straining; nanolaminate; TEM ID DEFORMATION; MULTILAYERS; HARDNESS AB Fracture of single crystal nanolaminated thin films has been investigated through in situ straining of cross-sectional samples of Cu/Ni nanolaminates grown on Cu (001) single crystal substrates. The earlest stages of deformation exhibits a confined layer slip mechanism. With continued straining, unstable fracture occurs creating a mixed-mode crack that propagates across the nanolaminate, roughly perpendicular to the interfaces. Eventually, stable crack growth with intense plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip occurs over many bilayers in the direction of crack growth. Simultaneously, plasticity was seen to spread only 1 or 2 bilayer distances normal to the crack. creating an extremely localized plastic zone. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination after the test did not reveal the presence of dislocations in the crack wake, except where severe crack deflection was observed. By comparison, the plastic zone size in the substrate was greater by several of orders of magnitude. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4-2 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1023/A:1024967510917 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 715DU UT WOS:000184955900005 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Ali, MA Kim, YK AF Irikura, KK Ali, MA Kim, YK TI Electron-impact total ionization cross-sections of the chlorofluoromethanes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ab initio; chlorofluorocarbon; effective core potential; electron impact; ionization cross-section; plasma ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; SPECTRA; CF2CL2; ATOMS; MODEL; ABSORPTION AB Electron-impact total ionization cross-sections for CCl3F (Freon 11), CCl2F2 (Freon 12), CClF3 (Freon 13), CHCl2F (Freon 21), CHClF2 (Freon 22), and CH2ClF (Freon 31) are calculated using the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) theoretical model. The BEB model requires only binding energies and kinetic energies of molecular orbitals, as computed using standard molecular orbital program packages. Experimental cross-sections, where available, agree with the BEB results. All-electron ab initio calculations yield slightly larger BEB cross-sections than do pseudopotential calculations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 200 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00981-8 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00981-8 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 630JW UT WOS:000180104600015 ER PT J AU DeGroot, DC Vanden Bossche, M AF DeGroot, DC Vanden Bossche, M TI Special issue on measurement technology for effective computer-aided design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP DeGroot, DC (reprint author), NIST, RF Elect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1002/mmce.10057 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 628YY UT WOS:000180024700002 ER PT B AU Tans, PP AF Tans, PP BE Ragaini, R TI The carbon cycle and anthropogenic climate change SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 27TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Session of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2002 CL Erice, ITALY SP E Majorana Ctr Sci Culture C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-361-1 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2003 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1142/9789812705150_0038 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; International Relations; Clinical Neurology; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Neurosciences & Neurology; Government & Law GA BCI39 UT WOS:000229579100038 ER PT S AU Neta, P Behar, D Grodkowski, J AF Neta, P Behar, D Grodkowski, J BE Rodgers, RD Seddon, KR TI Pulse radiolysis studies of reaction kinetics in ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS AS GREEN SOLVENTS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents held at the 224th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc ID METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; ORGANIC REDUCTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; RADICALS; SOLVENTS AB Reaction rate constants were determined by pulse radiolysis in the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate, N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and methyltributylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (R4NNTf2). Oxidation of chlorpromazine and Trolox by CCl3O2. radicals was studied in all the ionic liquids and oxidation of chlorpromazine by Br-2(.-) radicals was studied in R4NNTf2. Reduction of quinones and other compounds was studied both in R4NNTf2 and in the pyridinium ionic liquids. The ionic liquids behave as solvent with much lower polarity than water and also inhibit reactions due to their high viscosity. However, electron transfer from the N-butylpyridinyl radical to various acceptors is more rapid than the diffusion-controlled limit, suggesting an electron hopping mechanism. Electron transfer between methyl viologen and quinones takes place several orders of magnitude more slowly in this ionic liquid than in water or 2-PrOH and the direction of the electron transfer is solvent dependent. In contrast, addition and abstraction reactions of (CF3)-C-. radicals in R4NNTf2 are only slightly slower than those in water and acetonitrile. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3856-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 856 BP 397 EP 409 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX54Z UT WOS:000185657400032 ER PT B AU Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S AF Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Representing dynamic environments for autonomous ground vehicle navigation SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB For an autonomous vehicle to drive in a dynamic environment, it must be able to detect moving objects, predict their future location, represent this information in its internal knowledge bases, and make appropriate plans based upon all of this information. The estimation of what the object is and where it is expected to be in the future must be continuously refined as time progresses. This paper discusses a multi-representational approach to capturing important characteristics about moving objects in a dynamic environment. specifically we look at applying a combination of symbolic, equation-based, and grid-based representations to fully represent the information that is needed for different types of planners to develop appropriate plans in the presence of moving objects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 644 EP 649 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300106 ER PT B AU Huang, HM Albus, J Kotora, J Liu, R AF Huang, HM Albus, J Kotora, J Liu, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Robotic architecture standards framework in the defense domain with illustrations using the NIST 4D/RCS reference architecture SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) requires common architectures that enable the collection, processing, analysis, seamless integration, dissemination, and reuse of information and technology in order to achieve its objectives of interoperability. We attempt to provide a high-level overview of some of the key DoD architectural standards and frameworks and illustrate how the NIST 4D/RCS relates to them. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 2415 EP 2420 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300391 ER PT B AU Jacoff, A Messina, E Weiss, BA Tadokoro, S Nakagawa, Y AF Jacoff, A Messina, E Weiss, BA Tadokoro, S Nakagawa, Y GP IEEE IEEE TI Test arenas and performance metrics for urban search and rescue robots SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn DE autonomous mobile robots; urban search and rescue; sensory perception; knowledge representation; planning; mapping; collaboration; performance metrics AB In this paper, we discuss the development and proliferation of robot test arenas that provide tangible, realistic, and challenging environments for mobile robot researchers interested in urban search and rescue applications and other unstructured environments. These arenas allow direct comparison of robotic approaches, objective performance evaluation, and can ultimately provide a proving ground for field-able robotic systems such as those used at the World Trade Center collapse. International robot competitions using these arenas require robots to negotiate complex and collapsed structures, find simulated victims, and generate human readable maps of the environment. A performance metric is presented which quantifies several pertinent robot capabilities and produces an overall score used to evaluate and compare robotic implementations. Future directions for the arenas and the competitions are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacoff, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 3396 EP 3403 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300551 ER PT B AU Madhavan, R Messina, E AF Madhavan, R Messina, E GP IEEE IEEE TI Information-based intelligent unmanned ground vehicle navigation SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB Sensor-centric navigation of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) operating in rugged and expansive terrains requires the competency to evaluate the utility of sensor information such that it results in intelligent behavior of the vehicles. In this paper, we propose an entropic information metric for the above purpose where entropy is used to quantify the probabilistic uncertainty in sensor measurements. We present results using data obtained from field trials on an unmanned vehicle to substantiate the utility of the proposed metric. We also show how low and high level tasks can be predicated upon this metric in potential application areas related to autonomous vehicle navigation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@nist.gov; elena.messina@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 3485 EP 3490 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300565 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Van Heerden, D Josell, D Weihs, TP AF Lewis, AC Van Heerden, D Josell, D Weihs, TP TI Creep deformation in multilayered and microlaminate materials SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; STEADY-STATE CREEP; NANOCRYSTALLINE CU; TEMPERATURE CREEP; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; COPPER; METALS; STRESS; PD AB Multilayered and microlaminate foils offer a convenient specimen geometry for studying creep deformation in fine-grained materials. Multilayered foils can have large total thicknesses, allowing for ease of handling and testing, while being composed of very small grains that can be controlled and maintained in the individual layers. Uniaxial creep studies have been performed on two model systems, metal/metal multilayers and metal/intermetallic multilayers, revealing both conventional and non-conventional behavior in these materials. These two studies demonstrate the benefits of studying creep deformation of multilayer materials through uniaxial tensile tests of free-standing specimens, specifically, the ability independently to vary temperature, applied stress, strain and grain size. Such techniques can be applied to a variety of metal/metal and metal/intermetallic systems and enable investigation into the high-temperature deformation of fine-grained materials. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0191-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 635RQ UT WOS:000180413300008 ER PT J AU Kelly, WR Murphy, KE Becker, DA Mann, JL AF Kelly, WR Murphy, KE Becker, DA Mann, JL TI Determination of Cr in certified reference material HISS-1, marine sediment, by cold plasma isotope dilution ICP-MS and INAA: comparison of microwave versus closed (Carius) tube digestion SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFUR AB The recovery of Cr from National Research Council Canada (NRCC) certified reference material HISS-1 sediment was investigated by non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) after two different chemical treatments: (1) microwave dissolution using HNO3, HF, and HClO4, followed by reflux with concentrated HClO4, and (2) a closed system method using sealed Carius tube digestion with HNO3 and HCl at high temperature (240 degreesC) and high pressure (1 x 10(7) Pa, similar to100 atm). The first chemical treatment gave recoveries of only similar to50% in agreement with observations of Yang et al. of NRCC. Samples digested in Carius tubes gave recoveries that ranged from 79 to 110% which may reflect heterogeneity in the samples rather than differing recoveries. This is supported by the excellent agreement of the mean value determined by INAA of 31.4 +/- 4.5 mug g(-1), and the mean value of 28.1 +/- 3.9 mg g(-1) by Carius tube digestion and the observation that these standard deviations are essentially equal and much larger than the measurement precisions. The results from this study are also in excellent agreement with the certified value of 30.0 +/- 6.8 mg g(-1). This preliminary study demonstrates that chemical treatment of this sediment with HNO3 and HCl acids in closed system Carius tubes is an efficient and capable preparation method for the determination of Cr in silicate materials which typically contain refractory Cr-bearing minerals. This study also demonstrates the unique advantage of using two independent methods for the determination of Cr in a complex matrix which has a high potential for low chemical recovery. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kelly, WR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1039/b210056h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 640BN UT WOS:000180666600014 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Fassett, JD Lindstrom, AP AF Yu, LL Fassett, JD Lindstrom, AP TI Determination of Si in Standard Reference Material SRM 295x Silica-on-Filter SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Respirable crystalline silica is an occupational hazard whose presence in the workplace is strictly regulated. A new series of Standard Reference Materials ( SRMs) is being developed to assure the quality of silica measurements and to provide for accurate instrument calibration. SRMs 295x ( the value x will designate a specific level of silica loading), Silica-on-Filter, have been prepared by gravimetric delivery of SRM 1878a Respirable Alpha Quartz onto individual filters. The silica on the filter has been verified indirectly by the measurement of the elemental silicon, taking advantage of the knowledge in the filter preparation. An HF acid digestion method has been developed for sample digestion, and a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method for the determination of silicon has been developed and validated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1039/b212069k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 696YK UT WOS:000183915000009 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Long, SE Kelly, WR AF Mann, JL Long, SE Kelly, WR TI Direct determination of mercury at picomole L-1 levels in bottled water by isotope dilution cold-vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES; PRECONCENTRATION; CERTIFICATION; RECORD; SNOW; ICE AB The mercury concentration in 17 commercially available bottled waters (artesian, distilled, carbonated, and spring) from 7 different countries determined by isotope dilution cold-vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICP-MS) ranged from the blank limited detection limit of <0.10 ng L-1 to 2.32 ng L-1 (ppt). Highly enriched Hg-201 isotopic spike is added to approximately 20 mL water and thoroughly mixed. The Hg+2 in the sample is reduced on line with tin(II) chloride and the elemental Hg vapor is separated in a "liquid-matrix'' separator and introduced directly into a quadrupole ICP-MS where the Hg isotope ratios (Hg-201/Hg-202) are measured in time-resolved analysis mode. The primary advantages of this method are (1) high sensitivity, the instrument detection limit is less than 0.05 ng L-1, (3σ), (2) very low chemical blank, the average blank (n = 3) is 0.17 ng L-1 +/- 0.03 ng L-1, and (3) high accuracy of isotope dilution-the accuracy is limited by blank and counting statistics. All waters tested, including the major sellers in Europe and the United States, were approximately 1000 times lower than both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of 2 μg L-1 Hg (ppb) and the international World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1 μg L-1 Hg. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8391,Bldg 227, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1293 EP 1296 DI 10.1039/b306640a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 727DE UT WOS:000185640600021 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Lee, S Chuang, TJ AF Hsueh, CH Lee, S Chuang, TJ TI An alternative method of solving multilayer bending problems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRESSES AB Stress distributions in multilayers subjected to both residual stresses and external bending are analyzed to derive closed-form analytical solutions. There are always three unknowns to be solved and three equilibrium conditions to be satisfied in the present analysis. In contrast, the numbers of unknowns and conditions increase with the number of layers in the system in existing analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 EI 1528-9036 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 70 IS 1 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1115/1.1526123 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 647AG UT WOS:000181068600021 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, R Dixon, M Vasiloff, S Hage, F Knight, S Vivekanandan, J Xu, M AF Rasmussen, R Dixon, M Vasiloff, S Hage, F Knight, S Vivekanandan, J Xu, M TI Snow nowcasting using a real-time correlation of radar reflectivity with snow gauge accumulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SIZE SPECTRA; PARTICLES; ACCURACY AB This paper describes and evaluates an algorithm for nowcasting snow water equivalent (SWE) at a point on the surface based on a real-time correlation of equivalent radar reflectivity (Z(e)) with snow gauge rate (S). It is shown from both theory and previous results that Z(e)-S relationships vary significantly during a storm and from storm to storm, requiring a real-time correlation of Z(e) and S. A key element of the algorithm is taking into account snow drift and distance of the radar volume from the snow gauge. The algorithm was applied to a number of New York City snowstorms and was shown to have skill in nowcasting SWE out to at least 1 h when compared with persistence. The algorithm is currently being used in a real-time winter weather nowcasting system, called Weather Support to Deicing Decision Making (WSDDM), to improve decision making regarding the deicing of aircraft and runway clearing. The algorithm can also be used to provide a real-time Z-S relationship for Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) if a well-shielded snow gauge is available to measure real-time SWE rate and appropriate range corrections are made. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Rasmussen, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0020:SNUART>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634NT UT WOS:000180347600002 ER PT J AU Lu, CJ Bendersky, LA Chang, K Takeuchi, I AF Lu, CJ Bendersky, LA Chang, K Takeuchi, I TI Dissociation and evolution of threading dislocations in epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films grown on (001) LaAlO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; DENSITY REDUCTION; PEROVSKITE; LAYERS; SRTIO3; MICROSTRUCTURE; RELAXATION; DEFECTS; DEVICES AB The defect structure of a 350-nm-thick epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 (BSTO) film grown on (001) LaAlO3 has been investigated using conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The dominant defects in the film are edge-type threading dislocations (TDs) with Burgers vectors b=[100] and [110]. Pure-screw TDs and partial TDs of mixed character were also observed. A rapid reduction of defect density occurred after the growth of the first 100 nm BSTO adjacent to the interface. In the top layer of the film, all TDs with b=[100] are perfect while those with b=[110] are usually dissociated into two partials with a small separation (a few nanometers). However, in the near-interface layer of the film, many TDs with b=[100] are split into two or three partials. A high density of extended stacking faults with displacement vectors of 1/2[110] type were observed. The stacking faults are associated with dissociated dislocations and partial half loops. The mechanisms for the generation, dissociation and evolution of the TDs are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lu, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1063/1.1524315 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628NN UT WOS:000180002500080 ER PT J AU Cho, BO Chang, JP Min, JH Moon, SH Kim, YW Levin, I AF Cho, BO Chang, JP Min, JH Moon, SH Kim, YW Levin, I TI Material characteristics of electrically tunable zirconium oxide thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TETRA-TERT-BUTOXIDE; ZRO2; MICROCRYSTALS; SI(100); GROWTH; SIO2 AB Material characteristics of zirconium oxide thin films obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on p-type Si (100) substrates were investigated to explain their tunable electrical properties. The films obtained without heating had polycrystalline nanograins that are mostly of a tetragonal phase under oxygen-deficient plasma conditions but transformed into a monoclinic phase with increasing O-2 addition in the plasma. Mostly amorphous bulk ZrO2 with a relatively thicker and smoother interfacial layer was obtained from oxygen-rich plasmas, resulting in a decrease in both the overall dielectric constant and the leakage current density. The interfacial layer formed between the bulk ZrO2 and Si substrate was analyzed to be zirconium silicate, which approached SiO2 as its zirconium content decreased with the increasing gas phase O-2 content. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Chem Proc, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Hynix Semicond Inc, Kyoungki 467701, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cho, BO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1063/1.1525044 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628NN UT WOS:000180002500112 ER PT J AU Stankov, BB Gossard, EE Weber, BL Lataitis, RJ White, AB Wolfe, DE Welsh, DC Strauch, RG AF Stankov, BB Gossard, EE Weber, BL Lataitis, RJ White, AB Wolfe, DE Welsh, DC Strauch, RG TI Humidity gradient profiles from wind profiling radars using the NOAA/ETL Advanced Signal Processing System (SPS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; SPACE AB An algorithm to compute the magnitude of humidity gradient profiles from the measurements of the zeroth, first, and second moments of wind profiling radar (WPR) Doppler spectra was developed and tested. The algorithm extends the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) Advanced Signal Processing System (SPS), which provides quality control of radar data in the spectral domain for wind profile retrievals, to include the retrieval of humidity gradient profiles. The algorithm uses a recently developed approximate formula for correcting Doppler spectral widths for the spatial and temporal filtering effects. Data collected by a 3-beam 915-MHz WPR onboard the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown (RHB) and a 5-beam 449-MHz WPR developed at the ETL were used in this study. The two datasets cover vastly different atmospheric conditions, with the 915-MHz shipborne system probing the tropical ocean atmosphere and the 449-MHz WPR probing continental winter upslope icing storm in the Colorado Front Range. Vaisala radiosonde measurements of humidity and temperature profiles on board the RHB and the standard National Weather Service (NWS) radiosonde measurements at Stapleton, Colorado, were used for comparisons. The cases chosen represent typical atmospheric conditions and not special atmospheric situations. Results show that using SPS-obtained measurements of the zeroth, first, and second spectral moments provide radar-obtained humidity gradient profiles up to 3 km AGL. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stankov, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0003:HGPFWP>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633KR UT WOS:000180282900001 ER PT J AU Ba, MB Ellingson, RG Gruber, A AF Ba, MB Ellingson, RG Gruber, A TI Validation of a technique for estimating OLR with the GOES sounder SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; RADIATION AB In order to eventually use the capability of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder to capture the diurnal signal of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), it is necessary to establish its instantaneous accuracy. Error characteristics of OLR derived from the GOES Sounder are analyzed using Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. The comparisons are based on over 28 000 data collected in July 1998 and April 2000 over the continental United States. The July data correspond to observations from GOES-8 and -9 and the CERES instrument on board the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite. The April data correspond to GOES-8 and -10, and two CERES instruments on board the Terra satellite. The comparisons are for instantaneous, homogeneous scenes of 1degreesx1degrees boxes. Comparisons of GOES Sounder with collocated TRMM and Terra CERES OLR show instantaneous rms agreement to within about 7 W m(-2) for day and/or night homogeneous scenes. The GOES technique explained over 91% and 96% of the variance of CERES observations for both night and day, and for both land and ocean scenes for July 1998 and April 2000, respectively. C1 Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ellingson, RG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Room 404,Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0079:VOATFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633KR UT WOS:000180282900006 ER PT J AU Uhlhorn, EW Black, PG AF Uhlhorn, EW Black, PG TI Verification of remotely sensed sea surface winds in hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE; OCEAN; ATTENUATION; EMISSION; LAYER; BAND; FOAM; ICE AB Surface winds in hurricanes have been estimated remotely using the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for the past 15 years. Since the use of the GPS dropwindsonde system in hurricanes was first initiated in 1997, routine collocated SFMR and GPS surface wind estimates have been made. During the 1998, 1999, and 2001 hurricane seasons, a total of 249 paired samples were acquired and compared. The SFMR equivalent 1-min mean, 10-m level neutral stability winds were found to be biased high by 2.3 m s(-1) relative to the 10-m GPS winds computed from an estimate of the mean boundary layer wind. Across the range of wind speeds from 10 to 60 m s-1, the rmse was 3.3 m s(-1). The bias was found to be dependent on storm quadrant and independent of wind speed, a result that suggests a possible relationship between microwave brightness temperatures and surface wave properties. Tests of retrieved winds' sensitivities to sea surface temperature, salinity, atmospheric thermodynamic variability, and surface wind direction indicate wind speed errors of less than 1 m s(-1) above 15 m s(-1). C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Eric.Uhlhorn@noaa.gov RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 NR 52 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0099:VORSSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633KR UT WOS:000180282900008 ER PT J AU Li, XL Baker, DN Elkington, S Temerin, M Reeves, GD Belian, RD Blake, JB Singer, HJ Peria, W Parks, G AF Li, XL Baker, DN Elkington, S Temerin, M Reeves, GD Belian, RD Blake, JB Singer, HJ Peria, W Parks, G TI Energetic particle injections in the inner magnetosphere as a response to an interplanetary shock SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary shock; substorm; energetic particle injection; drift echoes; geostationary orbit; inner magnetosphere ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MARCH 24; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT; DRIFT ECHOES; 1991 SSC; SIMULATION; SUBSTORM; MAGNETOTAIL; SPACECRAFT AB The response of the magnetosphere to interplanetary shocks or pressure pulses can result in sudden injections of energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere. On August 26, 1998, an interplanetary shock caused two injections of energetic particles in close succession: one directly from the dayside and the other indirectly from the nightside associated with a sudden magnetic field enhancement induced by the shock's effect on the magnetotail. The latter injection was different from a typical Substorm injection in that the nightside magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit enhanced almost simultaneously over a wide range of local times within 10 min after the arrival of the shock. Available observations and our simulations show that like the dayside, the nightside magnetosphere can also inject energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere from a wide local time region in response to a shock impact. The nightside particle injection was due to changes in magnetic and electric fields over a large region of space and thus shows that the magnetic and electric fields in the magnetotail can respond globally to the shock impact. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 65 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00286-9 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00286-9 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641AP UT WOS:000180721800008 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, VV Dong, Q Frenkel, S Franchois, PR Embry, DL Teague, TL Marsh, KN Wilhoit, RC AF Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, VV Dong, Q Frenkel, S Franchois, PR Embry, DL Teague, TL Marsh, KN Wilhoit, RC TI ThermoML - An XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. 1. Experimental data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Review AB ThermoML is an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. The basic principles, scope, and description of all structural elements of ThermoML are discussed. ThermoML covers essentially all experimentally determined thermodynamic and transport property data (more than 120 properties) for pure compounds, multicomponent mixtures, and chemical reactions (including change-of-state and equilibrium). The primary focus at present is molecular compounds. Although the focus of ThermoML is properties determined by direct experimental measurement, ThermoML does cover key derived property data such as azeotropic properties, Henry's Law constants, virial coefficients (for pure compounds and mixtures), activities and activity coefficients, fugacities and fugacity coefficients, and standard properties derived from high-precision adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry. The role of ThermoML in global data submission and dissemination is discussed with particular emphasis on the new cooperation in data processing between the Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data and the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The text of several data files illustrating the ThermoML format for pure compounds, mixtures, and chemical reactions, as well as the complete ThermoML schema text, is provided as Supporting Information. Some important issues related to characterization of thermodynamic data are beyond the scope of this paper (uncertainty specification) or are considered in generic terms only (critically evaluated data). These issues will be considered in subsequent papers in this series. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. ConocoPhillips, Ponca City, OK 74602 USA. ePlantData Inc, Houston, TX 77096 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch, New Zealand. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Expt Engn Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1021/je025645o PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 633WE UT WOS:000180306900002 ER PT J AU Diky, VV Chirico, RD Wilhoit, RC Dong, Q Frenkel, M AF Diky, VV Chirico, RD Wilhoit, RC Dong, Q Frenkel, M TI Windows-based guided data capture software for mass-scale thermophysical and thermochemical property data collection SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Guided data capture software (GDC) is described for mass-scale abstraction from the literature of experimental thermophysical and thermochemical property data for organic chemical systems involving one, two, and three components, chemical reactions, and chemical equilibria, Property values are captured with a strictly hierarchical system based upon rigorous application of the thermodynamic constraints of the Gibbs phase rule with full traceability to source documents. Key features of the program and its adherence to scientific principles are described with particular emphasis on data-quality issues, both in terms of data accuracy and database integrity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1021/ci025534t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 641CA UT WOS:000180725600002 PM 12546533 ER PT J AU Buntin, SA Litorja, M AF Buntin, SA Litorja, M TI Oxygen atom interactions with fused silica surfaces: D-1 and P-3 state-resolved energy transfer dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 157 NM; SIO2; PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RECOMBINATION; DEACTIVATION; ABSORPTION; CENTERS; DIOXIDE AB A laser-based O atom beam source together with state-resolved detection techniques are used to characterize the energy transfer dynamics of ground (P-3) and electronically excited (D-1) state O atoms interacting with a fused silica surface. Time-of-flight spectra of the incident beam and scattered O atoms are measured, and provide detailed information regarding state-resolved angular and velocity distributions. We find a significant degree of "thermalization" (angular, fine structure state, and velocity distributions) in the scattered O(P-3) atoms. The survival probability of O(D-1) is determined to be less than or equal to0.01, and the probability for O(D-1) quenching to "super-elastic" O(P-3) is 0.05. Given that the measured probability for radiative quenching of D-1 is not significant (less than or equal to0.001), these results indicate that the majority of the available energy in the incident O atoms (both P-3 and D-1) is transferred to the substrate. The implications of the scattering/energy transfer dynamics with respect to the O atom/fused silica surface interactions are discussed. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Buntin, SA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 1 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1063/1.1523898 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626NP UT WOS:000179879500039 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Nath, MJ AF Lau, NC Nath, MJ TI Atmosphere-ocean variations in the Indo-Pacific sector during ENSO episodes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; SST VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; ANOMALIES; CLIMATE AB The influences of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on air-sea interaction in the Indian-western Pacific (IWP) Oceans have been investigated using a general circulation model. Observed monthly sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the deep tropical eastern/central Pacific (DTEP) have been inserted in the lower boundary of this model through the 1950-99 period. At all maritime grid points outside of DTEP, the model atmosphere has been coupled with an oceanic mixed layer model with variable depth. Altogether 16 independent model runs have been conducted. Composite analysis of selected ENSO episodes illustrates that the prescribed SST anomalies in DTEP affect the surface atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns in IWP through displacements of the near-equatorial Walker circulation and generation of Rossby wave modes in the subtropics. Such atmospheric responses modulate the surface fluxes as well as the oceanic mixed layer depth, and thereby establish a well-defined SST anomaly pattern in the IWP sector several months after the peak in ENSO forcing in DTEP. In most parts of the IWP region, the net SST tendency induced by atmospheric changes has the same polarity as the local composite SST anomaly, thus indicating that the atmospheric forcing acts to reinforce the underlying SST signal. By analyzing the output from a suite of auxiliary experiments, it is demonstrated that the SST perturbations in IWP (which are primarily generated by ENSO-related atmospheric changes) can, in turn, exert notable influences on the atmospheric conditions over that region. This feedback mechanism also plays an important role in the eastward migration of the subtropical anticyclones over the western Pacific in both hemispheres. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 60 TC 191 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0003:AOVITI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 632AF UT WOS:000180200200001 ER PT J AU Cai, M Kalnay, E Toth, Z AF Cai, M Kalnay, E Toth, Z TI Bred vectors of the Zebiak-Cane model and their potential application to ENSO predictions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL MODEL; COUPLED MODEL; EL-NINO; OPTIMAL-GROWTH; ERROR GROWTH; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; KALMAN FILTER; PACIFIC SST AB The breeding method is used to obtain the bred vectors (BV) of the Zebiak-Cane (ZC) atmosphere-ocean coupled model. Bred vectors represent a nonlinear, finite-time extension of the leading local Lyapunov vectors of the ZC model. The spatial structure and growth rate of bred vectors are strongly related to the background ENSO evolution of the ZC model. It is equally probable for the BVs to have a positive or negative sign (defined using the Nino-3 index of the BV), though often there is a sign change just before or after an El Nino event. The growth rate (and therefore the spatial coherence) of the BVs peaks several months prior to and after an El Nino event and it is nearly neutral at the mature stage. Potential applications of bred vectors for ENSO predictions are explored in the context of data assimilation and ensemble forecasting under a perfect model scenario. It is shown that when bred vectors are removed from random initial error fields, forecast errors can be reduced by up to 30%. This suggests that minimizing the projection of the bred vectors on the observation-minus-analysis field may be a beneficial factor to an operational forecast system. The ensemble mean of a pair of forecasts perturbed with positive/negative bred vectors improves the forecast skill, particularly for lead times longer than 6 months, substantially reducing the "spring barrier'' for ENSO prediction. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, SAIC Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kalnay, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 NR 47 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0040:BVOTZC>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 632AF UT WOS:000180200200003 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ AF Sun, DZ TI Possible effect of an increase in the warm-pool SST on the magnitude of El Nino warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-SYSTEM-MODEL; MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; HYBRID COUPLED MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SUBTROPICAL CELL; SURFACE FLUXES AB El Nino warming corresponds to an eastward extension of the western Pacific warm pool; one thus naturally wonders whether an increase in the warm pool SST will result in stronger El Ninos. This question, though elementary, has not drawn much attention. The observation that the two strongest El Ninos in the instrumental record occurred during the last two decades, when the warm pool SST was anomalously high, however, has added some urgency to answering this question. Here observational and numerical results that support a positive answer to this question are shown. The observational results come from an analysis of the heat balance of the tropical Pacific over the period 1980-99. The analysis confirms that El Nino acts as a major mechanism by which the tropical Pacific transports heat poleward-the poleward heat transport is achieved episodically, and those episodes correspond well with the occurrence of El Ninos. Moreover, the analysis shows that El Nino is a regulator of the heat content in the western Pacific: the higher the heat content, the stronger the subsequent El Nino warming, which transports more heat poleward, and results in a larger drop in the heat content in the western Pacific. These empirical results suggest that a higher warm-pool SST may result in stronger El Nino events. Specifically, raising the tropical maximum SST through an increase in the radiative heating across the equatorial Pacific initially increases the zonal SST contrast. A stronger zonal SST contrast then strengthens the surface winds and helps to store more heat in the subsurface ocean. Because of the stronger winds and the resulting steeper tilt of the equatorial thermocline, the coupled system is potentially unstable and is poised to release its energy through a stronger El Nino warming. A stronger El Nino then pushes the accumulated heat poleward and prevents heat buildup in the western Pacific, and thereby stabilizes the coupled system. Numerical experiments with a coupled model in which the ocean component is a primitive equation model (the NCAR Pacific basin model), and therefore explicitly calculates the heat budget of the entire equatorial upper ocean, support this suggestion. The numerical experiments further suggest that in the presence of El Ninos, the time-mean zonal SST contrast may not be sensitive to increases in the surface heating because the resulting stronger El Ninos cool the western Pacific and warm the eastern Pacific. C1 NOAA, ERL, Climat Diagnost Ctr, RECDCI, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Climat Diagnost Ctr, RECDCI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0185:APEOAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635JN UT WOS:000180395900001 ER PT J AU Lanzante, JR Klein, SA Seidel, DJ AF Lanzante, JR Klein, SA Seidel, DJ TI Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part I: Methodology SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE DATA; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; QUALITY; SURFACE AB Historical changes in instrumentation and recording practices have severely compromised the temporal homogeneity of radiosonde data, a crucial issue for the determination of long-term trends. Methods developed to deal with these homogeneity problems have been applied to a near-globally distributed network of 87 stations using monthly temperature data at mandatory pressure levels, covering the period 1948-97. The homogenization process begins with the identification of artificial discontinuities through visual examination of graphical and textual materials, including temperature time series, transformations of the temperature data, and independent indicators of climate variability, as well as ancillary information such as station history metadata. To ameliorate each problem encountered, a modification was applied in the form of data adjustment or data deletion. A companion paper (Part II) reports on various analyses, particularly trend related, based on the modified data resulting from the method presented here. Application of the procedures to the 87-station network revealed a number of systematic problems. The effects of the 1957 global 3-h shift of standard observation times (from 0300/1500 to 0000/1200 UTC) are seen at many stations, especially near the surface and in the stratosphere. Temperatures from Australian and former Soviet stations have been plagued by numerous serious problems throughout their history. Some stations, especially Soviet ones up until;1970, show a tendency for episodic drops in temperature that produce spurious downward trends. Stations from Africa and neighboring regions are found to be the most problematic; in some cases even the character of the interannual variability is unreliable. It is also found that temporal variations in observation time can lead to inhomogeneities as serious as the worst instrument-related problems. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM jrl@gfdl.noaa.gov RI Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 43 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 224 EP 240 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0224:THOMRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635JN UT WOS:000180395900003 ER PT J AU Lanzante, JR Klein, SA Seidel, DJ AF Lanzante, JR Klein, SA Seidel, DJ TI Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part II: Trends, sensitivities, and MSU comparison SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Trends in radiosonde-based temperatures and lower-tropospheric lapse rates are presented for the time periods 1959-97 and 1979-97, including their vertical, horizontal, and seasonal variations. A novel aspect is that estimates are made globally of the effects of artificial (instrumental or procedural) changes on the derived trends using data homogenization procedures introduced in a companion paper (Part I). Credibility of the data homogenization scheme is established by comparison with independent satellite temperature measurements derived from the microwave sounding unit (MSU) instruments for 1979-97. The various analyses are performed using monthly mean temperatures from a near-globally distributed network of 87 radiosonde stations. The severity of instrument-related problems, which varies markedly by geographic region, was found, in general, to increase from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere, although surface data were found to be as problematic as data from the stratosphere. Except for the surface, there is a tendency for changes in instruments to artificially lower temperature readings with time, so that adjusting the data to account for this results in increased tropospheric warming and decreased stratospheric cooling. Furthermore, the adjustments tend to enhance warming in the upper troposphere more than in the lower troposphere; such sensitivity may have implications for "fingerprint'' assessments of climate change. However, the most sensitive part of the vertical profile with regard to its shape was near the surface, particularly at regional scales. In particular, the lower-tropospheric lapse rate was found to be especially sensitive to adjustment as well as spatial sampling. In the lower stratosphere, instrument-related biases were found to artificially inflate latitudinal differences, leading to statistically significantly more cooling in the Tropics than elsewhere. After adjustment there were no significant differences between the latitude zones. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM jrl@gfdl.noaa.gov RI Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 27 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 241 EP 262 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0241:THOMRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635JN UT WOS:000180395900004 ER PT J AU Nilsson, WB Paranjype, RN DePaola, A Strom, MS AF Nilsson, WB Paranjype, RN DePaola, A Strom, MS TI Sequence polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene of Vibrio vulnificus is a possible indicator of strain virulence SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT RNA; DNA ANALYSIS; AP-PCR; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OYSTERS; PROBES AB Vibrio vulnificus exhibits considerable strain-to-strain variation in virulence. Attempts to associate phenotypic or genotypic characteristics with strain virulence have been largely unsuccessful. Based on a 17-nucleotide difference throughout the sequence of the small subunit 16S rRNA gene, there are two major groups of V. vulnificus designated types A and B. In a survey of the 16S rRNA genotype in 67 V. vulnificus human clinical and nonclinical strains, we determined that the majority of nonclinical isolates are type A (31 of 33) and that there is a statistically significant association between the type B genotype and human clinical strains (26 of 34). C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. RP Strom, MS (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. NR 29 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.442-446.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700072 PM 12517889 ER PT J AU Kremer, DM Davis, RW Moore, EF Ehrman, SH AF Kremer, DM Davis, RW Moore, EF Ehrman, SH TI A numerical investigation of the effects of gas-phase particle formation on silicon film deposition from silane SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; fluid flows; nucleation; chemical vapor deposition processes; semiconducting silicon ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; COMPLEX FLOW PHENOMENA; ROTATING-DISK; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; FLUID-MECHANICS; MOCVD REACTORS; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; UNIFORMITY AB This paper presents a systematic numerical investigation of the effects of particle formation on silicon film deposition from silane in a vertical rotating disk chemical vapor deposition reactor. The numerical model uses the Sandia SPIN code to simulate the reacting flow and heat transfer. A moment transport aerosol model simulates the nucleation, growth and transport of silicon particles. The effects of total reactor pressure, temperature, rotation rate, inlet gas composition, and rate of particle growth via condensation on the deposition rate of the silicon film are investigated. Results are presented detailing the scavenging of film growth precursor molecules by particles through a series of simulations both with and without an aerosol component. Conditions under which the particles affect the deposition rate have been identified. Additionally, the use of a chemically reactive carrier (H-2) is shown to effectively suppress the formation of particles in the gas phase. The effect of this particle suppression on the deposition rate is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2003 VL 247 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 356 AR PII S0022-0248(02)02060-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02060-2 PG 24 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 634VR UT WOS:000180362900014 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK AF Xu, HHK TI Long-term water-aging of whisker-reinforced polymer-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE long-term water-aging; whisker-silica fusion; polymer composite; filler-matrix interfaces; strength; modulus; reinforcement ID DENTAL RESIN COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; IN-VITRO; FILLER; DEGRADATION; RESTORATIONS; CONVERSION; STRENGTH; FAILURE AB Long-term, water exposure may degrade polymer-matrix composites. This study investigated the water-aging of whisker composites. It was hypothesized that whiskers would provide stable and substantial reinforcement, and that whisker type would affect water-aging resistance. Silica-fused Si3N4 and SiC whiskers were incorporated into a resin. The specimens were tested by three-point flexure and nano-indentation vs. water-aging for I to 730 days. After 730 days, SiC composite had a strength (mean +/-SD; n = 6) of 185 33 MPa, similar to 146 44 MPa for Si3N4 composite (p = 0.064); both were significantly higher than 67 +/- 23 MPa for an inlay/onlay control (p < 0.001). Compared with 1 day, the strength of the SiC composite showed no decrease, while that of the Si3N4 composite decreased. The decrease was due to whisker weakening rather than to resin degradation or interface breakdown. Whisker composites also had higher moduli than the. controls. In conclusion, silica-fused whiskers bonded to polymer matrix and resisted long-term water attack, resulting in much stronger composites than the controls after water-aging. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546,Bldg 221,Room A-153, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE12476] NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 631VF UT WOS:000180186900010 PM 12508045 ER PT J AU Walse, SS Scott, GI Ferry, JL AF Walse, SS Scott, GI Ferry, JL TI Stereoselective degradation of aqueous endosulfan in modular estuarine mesocosms: formation of endosulfan gamma-hydroxycarboxylate SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN; BETA-ENDOSULFAN; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FIELD CONDITIONS; FATE; PESTICIDES; HYDROLYSIS; COTTON; INSECTICIDE AB Solutions of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, and technical grade endosulfan (70alpha: 30beta) were added to modular estuarine mesocosms; the kinetics and degradation products from each mesocosm are reported. The persistent product endosulfan sulfate was generated in all cases; however, its yield was approximately a factor of three higher from alpha-endosulfan relative to beta-endosulfan. beta-endosulfan hydrolyzed faster than alpha-endosulfan to endosulfan diol, which then rapidly degraded to endosulfan ether, endosulfan alpha-hydroxyether ( major product), and endosulfan lactone. The ring-opened form of the lactone, endosulfan gamma-hydroxycarboxylate, is reported for the first time; it appears to be a terminal product, at least over the timescale of the experiment. The equilibrium between endosulfan gamma-hydroxycarboxylate and endosulfan lactone is dependent on pH, as only the protonated form of the gamma-hydroxy acid undergoes ring-closure. The pK(a) of the gamma-hydroxy acid was determined to be 5.7, implying that the lactone will quickly open and deprontonate under environmentally relevant conditions. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ferry, JL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Ferry, John/G-8646-2013; OI Ferry, John/0000-0002-1420-8406 NR 67 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1039/b212165d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682KW UT WOS:000183091600005 PM 12833978 ER PT J AU Hawes, AK Solomon, S Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Langford, AO Miller, HL Eubank, CS Goldan, P Wiedinmyer, C Atlas, E Hansel, A Wisthaler, A AF Hawes, AK Solomon, S Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Langford, AO Miller, HL Eubank, CS Goldan, P Wiedinmyer, C Atlas, E Hansel, A Wisthaler, A TI Airborne observations of vegetation and implications for biogenic emission characterization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; UNITED-STATES; LEAVES; HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; OZONE; MODEL AB Measuring hydrocarbons from aircraft represents one way to infer biogenic emissions at the surface. The focus of this paper is to show that complementary remote sensing information can be provided by optical measurements of a vegetation index, which is readily measured with high temporal coverage using reflectance data. We examine the similarities between the vegetation index and in situ measurements of the chemicals isoprene, methacrolein, and alpha-pinene to estimate whether the temporal behavior of the in situ measurements of these chemicals could be better understood by the addition of the vegetation index. Data were compared for flights conducted around Houston in August and September 2000. The three independent sets of chemical measurements examined correspond reasonably well with the vegetation index curves for the majority of flight days. While low values of the vegetation index always correspond to low values of the in situ chemical measurements, high values of the index correspond to both high and low values of the chemical measurements. In this sense it represents an upper limit when compared with in situ data ( assuming the calibration constant is adequately chosen). This result suggests that while the vegetation index cannot represent a purely predictive quantity for the in situ measurements, it represents a complementary measurement that can be useful in understanding comparisons of various in situ observations, particularly when these observations occur with relatively low temporal frequency. In situ isoprene measurements and the vegetation index were also compared to an isoprene emission inventory to provide additional insight on broad issues relating to the use of vegetation indices in emission database development. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Hawes, AK (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Eubank, Charles/H-5585-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 977 EP 983 DI 10.1039/b308911h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 749EX UT WOS:000186907100049 PM 14710942 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Serrano, L AF DeLorenzo, ME Serrano, L TI Individual and mixture toxicity of three pesticides; Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil to the marine phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE pesticides; mixtures; phytoplankton; toxicity ID RISK-ASSESSMENT AB This study analyzed the toxicity of three pesticides (the herbicide atrazine, the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the fungicide chlorothalonil) individually, and in two mixtures (atrazine and chlorpyrifos; atrazine and chlorothalonil) to the marine phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta). A standard 96 h static algal bioassay was used to determine pesticide effects on the population growth rate of D. tertiolecta. Mixture toxicity was assessed using the additive index approach. Atrazine and chlorothalonil concentrations greater than or equal to25 mug/L and 33.3 mug/L, respectively, caused significant decreases in D. tertiolecta population growth rate. At much higher concentrations. (greater than or equal to400 mug/L). chlorpyrifos also elicited a, significant effect on D. population growth rate, but toxicity would not be expected at typical environmental, concentrations. The population growth rate EC50 values determined for D. tertiolecta were 64 mug/L for chlorothalonil, 69 mug/L for atrazine, and 769 mug/L for chlorpyrifos. Atrazine and chlorpyrifos in mixture displayed additive toxicity, whereas atrazine and chlorothalonil in mixture had a synergistic effect. The toxicity of atrazine and chlorothalonil combined was approximately 2 times greater than that of the individual chemicals. Therefore, decreases in phytoplankton populations resulting from pesticide exposure could occur at lower than expected concentrations in aquatic systems where atrazine and chlorothalonil are present in mixture. Detrimental effects on phytoplankton population growth rate could impact nutrient cycling rates and food availability to higher trophic levels. Characterizing the toxicity of chemical mixtures. likely to be encountered in the environment may benefit,the pesticide registration and regulation process. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1081/PFC-120023511 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 710BR UT WOS:000184661400001 PM 12929712 ER PT J AU Key, PB Meyer, SL Chung, KW AF Key, PB Meyer, SL Chung, KW TI Lethal and sub-lethal effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on three life stages of the grass shrimp, Paldemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE chlorothalonil; fungicide; grass shrimp; Palaemonetes pugio; sub-lethal effects; pulsed exposure assay ID PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PESTICIDE RUNOFF; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; FENVALERATE; GROWTH AB Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is the second most widely used fungicide in the United States. Due to the widespread use of chlorothalonil, it is important to, investigate the effects chlorothalonil may have on estuarine species such as the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. This study examined the toxicity of chlorothalonil to three life-history stages (embryo, larvae, adult) of the grass shrimp. Also, molting frequency, growth response and metamorphosis from a larval life cycle pulsed exposure assay were examined as sub-lethal indicators of chlorothalonil exposure. Results showed embryos were the least sensitive with a 96-h Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of 396.0 mug/L (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 331.3-472.4 mug/L). The adult 96-h LC50 was 152.9 mug/L (95% CI 110.3-194.5 mug/L). Larvae were the most sensitive to chlorothalonil exposure with a 96-h LC50 of 49.5 mug/L (95% CI 44.4-55.27 mug/L). In the life cycle pulsed exposure assay, all surviving larvae in the treatments required significantly more molts to reach postlarvae than the control. Other measured parameters showed differences between treatments and control but there was no statistical significance. This research demonstrated that chlorothalonil is highly toxic to grass shrimp and that larval grass shrimp would be the most appropriate life stage to use for chlorothalonil risk assessments since that stage is the most sensitive. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Graceland Univ, Lamoni, IA USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 539 EP 549 DI 10.1081/PFC-120023512 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 710BR UT WOS:000184661400002 PM 12929713 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Lindholm, J Schaub, S Funnell, G Kaufman, LS Valentine, PC AF Auster, PJ Lindholm, J Schaub, S Funnell, G Kaufman, LS Valentine, PC TI Use of sand wave habitats by silver hake SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; flow refuges; landscaped; Merluccius bilinearis; social foraging; video ID MERLUCCIUS-BILINEARIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FOOD AB Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis are common members of fish communities in sand wave habitats on Georges Bank and on Stellwagen Bank in the Gulf of Maine. Observations of fish size 1 sand wave period showed that silver hake are not randomly distributed within sand wave landscapes. Regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship between sand wave period and Fish length. Correlation coefficients, however, were low, suggesting other interactions with sand wave morphology, the range of current velocities, and available prey may also influence their distribution. Direct contact with sand wave habitats varied over diel periods, with more fish resting on the seafloor during daytime than at night. Social foraging, in the form of polarized groups of fish swimming in linear formations during crepuscular and daytime periods, was also observed. Sand wave habitats may provide shelter from current flows and mediate fish-prey interactions. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1046/j.0022-1112.2003.00016.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 726ZK UT WOS:000185631300011 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Fanslow, DL Lansing, MB Lang, GA AF Nalepa, TF Fanslow, DL Lansing, MB Lang, GA TI Trends in the benthic macroinvertebrate community of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, 1987 to 1996: Responses to phosphorus abatement and the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benthos; community changes; ecological impacts; Saginaw Bay ID LAWRENCE GREAT-LAKES; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; COMPARISON INDEXES; ERIE; COLONIZATION; ONTARIO; INVASION; MICHIGAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEM AB Trends in benthic macroinvertebrate populations were examined in inner and outer Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, from 1987 to 1996. These years represent the time period after phosphorus abatement, but immediately before (1987 to 1990) and after (1991 to 1996) colonization of the bay by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. In 1987 to 1990, densities of the major macroinvertebrate groups in the inner and outer bay were not significantly different from, or were greater than, densities reported just prior to abatement efforts in the early 1970s. Oligochaete densities in the deepwater/silt region of the inner bay were trending downward between 1988 and 1991, but pollution-tolerant forms dominated the community, indicating the system was eutrophic just prior to Dreissena colonization. Dreissena impacts on the macroinvertebrate community varied depending on the particular habitat. At shallow-water/sand sites in the inner bay, Gammarus increased, and sphaeriids declined after Dreissena colonization, but no changes were observed in oligochaetes and chironomids, and overall species diversity showed little change. At deepwater/silt sites in the inner bay, densities of oligochaetes and chironomids declined just after the peak in Dreissena, but then returned to levels generally similar to those found prior to Dreissena. The oligochaete trophic index at deepwater/silt sites indicated a shift from eutrophic to more oligotrophic indicator species after Dreissena became established, and species diversity increased. In the outer bay, Diporeia and sphaeriids declined after Dreissena peaked, but few other changes were observed. Total non-dreissenid macroinvertebrate biomass (AFDW) in the inner bay, and in shallow areas of the outer bay, did not change as a result of Dreissena colonization. On the other hand, biomass in the deeper regions of the outer bay decreased because of the loss of Diporeia. Changes in the inner and outer bay typify the growing dichotomy between nearshore and offshore communities in the Great Lakes since Dreissena became established. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM Thomas.Nalepa@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 14 EP 33 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000003 ER PT J AU Lozano, SJ Gedeon, ML Landrum, PF AF Lozano, SJ Gedeon, ML Landrum, PF TI The effects of temperature and organism size on the feeding rate and modeled chemical accumulation in Diporeia spp. for Lake Michigan sediments SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE feeding rate; uptake rate; temperature; organism size; Diporeia spp. ID AQUATIC FOOD-CHAINS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; BIOACCUMULATION MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; AMPHIPOD; INGESTION; ONTARIO; TOXICOKINETICS; XENOBIOTICS; WATERS AB Diporeia spp. are one of the most important benthic organisms in the Great Lakes. These amphipods represent a major prey item for most fish at some stage in the fish life cycle. Understanding of the physiology, energetics, and exposure to sediment-associated contaminants of Diporeia requires studies of their feeding behavior. This work examined the role of temperature and organism size on the feeding rate, measured as fecal pellet output, for lake sediments. The feeding rate was measured at 2, 4, 8, and 12degreesC after 3- and 7-d exposure in sieved Lake Michigan sediment. Amphipod feeding rates declined exponentially with increasing mass and increased exponentially with temperature. The relationship between feeding rate, temperature (infinityC), and size (mg) is described by the following equation: FRt,s = 10(-1.22(+/-0.08)) . T0.83 (+/-0.09) . W-0.84 (+/-0.08), r(2) = 0.63 where FR = feeding rate, T = temperature (degreesC), W = size (mg), and standard errors in parentheses. The relationship between feeding rate, temperature, and size allowed for improved parameterization of a contaminants uptake model for Diporeia. Model results show that the concentration of a contaminant in Diporeia biomass was lowest in April at 100 m and highest in June at 15 m and 45 m. The concentration was 2.3 and 2.9 times greater at 15 m and 45 m compared to the concentration at 100 m. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lozano, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM stephen.lozano@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000008 ER PT J AU Hawley, N Muzzi, RW AF Hawley, N Muzzi, RW TI Observations of nepheloid layers made with an autonomous vertical profiler SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Michigan; nepheloid layer; vertical profiler; internal waves ID SOUTHEASTERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; INTERNAL WAVES; ONTARIO AB An autonomous vertical profiler was deployed at a site in 55 m of water in southern Lake Michigan during the late summer of 2001. Profiles of temperature and water transparency were made hourly between I and 40 meters above the bottom for about 23 days (568 profiles). The temperature observations show that the depth of the thermocline changed in response to both near-inertial internal waves and to upwelling and downwelling events. The transparency measurements show the presence of both an intermediate nepheloid layer located near the base of the thermocline and a benthic nepheloid layer at the bottom. The layers were usually separated by a region of clearer water, but during one upwelling event they merged together. Changes in both the intermediate nepheloid layer and the benthic nepheloid layer occurred in response to changes in the thermocline depth. The total amount of material suspended in both the bottom 40 m and in the benthic nepheloid layer varied by over 50%. The source of the additional material appears to be local resuspension events caused either directly or indirectly by near-inertial internal waves. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hawley, N (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000012 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Vanderploeg, HA AF Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Vanderploeg, HA TI Population characteristics of Bythotrephes in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bythotrephes; Lake Michigan; exotic species; zooplankton ID INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR BYTHOTREPHES; GREAT-LAKES; CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES; PREY CONSUMPTION; SPECIES INVASION; NORTH-AMERICAN; SIZE VARIATION; CEDERSTROEMI; ABUNDANCE; CERCOPAGIDAE AB The population characteristics of Bythotrephes were evaluated at seven nearshore (45 m) and eight offshore (80 to 150 m) stations in Lake Michigan during July and September 2000. Bythotrephes was generally most abundant at offshore stations, but mean density was patchy (4 to 1,326/m(2)) among locations. During the year, there was a shift from reproduction by mainly instar III females to reproduction by instar II females. The shift generally reflected a change in the population structure of Bythotrephes at most sites during the same period. Bythotrephes populations in July were generally characterized by small body size at reproduction (instar II and III), large clutch size, and small neonates. Later in the season, body size at reproduction and neonates were larger and clutch size was smaller. Most growth (body length) of Bythotrephes occurred between instar I and II whereas little growth occurred between instar It and III. Spine length of Bythotrephes increased between July and September. The population characteristics and reproductive strategies of Bythotrephes appear to be adaptations to fish predation and food limitations. C1 Univ Michigan, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 145 EP 156 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000014 ER PT J AU Clites, AH Quinn, FH AF Clites, AH Quinn, FH TI The history of Lake Superior regulation: Implications for the future SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake levels; lake level management; Lake Superior; regulation history AB Lake Superior outflows have been regulated for the past 80 years. The last 15 years have encompassed both extremely high water supplies and lake levels and subsequent drastic declines in the levels of Lakes Superior and the lower lakes. The IJC is considering a study whose purpose would be the reexamination of the current Lake Superior regulation plan, which has been in use since 1990. In preparation for that discussion, several different aspects of past and potential future Lake Superior levels were analyzed. The stage-discharge equation representing natural flow conditions for the pre-1900 Lake Superior outlet was used to simulate "unregulated" Lake Superior outlet conditions, using actual water supplies. Net basin supplies developed for a climate change study were used to evaluate the potential effects of regulation on future levels. A 50,000 year set of stochastic net basin supplies, based upon the present climate, was also used to provide hypothetical upper and lower bounds. By comparing recorded Lake Superior levels to what might have happened in the absence of regulation and what may occur with future supplies, it is hoped that the development and/or evaluation of any future adjustments to the regulation criteria for Lake Superior might be aided. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Clites, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 157 EP 171 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000015 ER PT J AU Hawes, EJ Parrish, DL AF Hawes, EJ Parrish, DL TI Using abiotic and biotic factors to predict the range expansion of white perch in Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE white perch; Morone americana; abundance; habitat factors; Lake Champlain ID MORONE-AMERICANA; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; ERIE; FLAVESCENS; INVASIONS; LESSONS; FOOD; MORTALITY AB White perch (Morone americana) invaded Lake Champlain, New York-Vermont, in the mid-1980s, yet abundance of white perch and those factors controlling their abundance are unknown. To predict the expansion of white perch, we differentiated between the most likely factors affecting white perch abundance; habitat characteristics or an invasion gradient (i.e., abundance is greater near the point of entry). Therefore, we addressed three questions: 1) where are white perch currently established; 2) what is the relation of white perch abundance to environmental variables and to an invasion gradient; and 3) based on the most likely factors affecting abundance, where will white perch become abundant in Lake Champlain? Fish communities were sampled and ten environmental variables were measured at sites along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain. Among sites and across seasons, two abiotic factors (turbidity and conductivity) had the greatest effect on white perch abundance. Biotic factors, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) abundance and chlorophyll a, however had lesser effects. We predict white perch will not become abundant in habitats with low water conductivity, turbidity and chlorophyll a, and a high abundance of potential competitors. Our predictions are consistent with data from other systems, which indicate environmental characteristics are likely more important than an invasion gradient in contributing to white perch colonization. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Hawes, EJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, 1 Blackburn Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 695EW UT WOS:000183819000006 ER PT J AU Price, H Pothoven, SA McCormick, MJ Jensen, PC Fahnenstiel, GL AF Price, H Pothoven, SA McCormick, MJ Jensen, PC Fahnenstiel, GL TI Temperature influence on commercial lake whitefish harvest in eastern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake whitefish; Lake Michigan; water temperature AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) support the largest commercial fishery in Lake Michigan, yet relatively little is known of the thermal ecology of free-ranging lake whitefish. In 2000 six commercial trap nets were instrumented with self-recording temperature data loggers to examine the relationship between lake whitefish harvest, water temperature statistics, and fishing effort. Several variables including surface water temperature (SWT), bottom water temperature (BWT), difference between SWT and BWT, and fishing effort were used in both a backward and forward stepwise regression model against fishing harvest. Both the backward and forward results generated similar R-2 statistics of 0.62 and 0.58 respectively, with the backward model suggesting BWT, variance of BWT, and the difference between SWT and BWT as the best regression model. The forward regression results suggested that SWT alone was the best model. Subsequent ANOVA tests support selecting the simpler model for describing the lake whitefish dependence on temperature, which was: y = 21,000e(-0.366T) where y is dressed lake whitefish harvest (kg) and T is SWT (degreesC). This model worked well for surface water temperatures between approximately 10 and 20degreesC The success in describing the fish harvest with surface water temperatures is most likely the consequence of warm surface water intrusions into the hypolimnion from coastal downwellings being the dominant factor controlling lake whitefish distribution. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Stat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Marine Management Ltd, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP McCormick, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 695EW UT WOS:000183819000008 ER PT J AU Brandt, SB AF Brandt, SB TI A bold step forward: Ecosystem forecasting, integrated observing systems, and international field years for the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Brandt, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729PE UT WOS:000185781700001 ER PT J AU Miller, GS AF Miller, GS TI Mysis vertical migration in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, observed by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ADCP; backscatter; zooplankton; DVM; Traverse Bay; Lake Michigan ID GREENLAND SEA; RELICTA; ABUNDANCE; HURON; LIGHT AB The acoustic return signal from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) moored in Traverse Bay during a 90-day summer period showed a rapid 5-10 dB increase about 1/2 hour after sunset and a similar decrease 1/2 hour before sunrise. The pattern is characteristic of zooplankton diel vertical migration, most likely Mysis relicta. These are the first reported observations of freshwater invertibrate migrations using ADCP backscatter. A 15-20 m thick sound scattering layer also persisted throughout the summer. This layer, constrained between the 6degreesC and 10degreesC isotherms, generally followed the internal thermocline fluctuations. These backscatter data demonstrate that determining characteristics of diel migration, and monitoring zooplankton temporal and spatial variability are possible using ADCPs. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Miller, GS (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729PE UT WOS:000185781700006 ER PT J AU Sano, LL Moll, RA Krueger, AM Landrum, PF AF Sano, LL Moll, RA Krueger, AM Landrum, PF TI Assessing the potential efficacy of glutaraldehyde for biocide treatment of un-ballasted transoceanic vessels SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nonindigenous species; ballast water; biocide; glutaraldehyde; Laurentian Great Lakes ID WESTERN LAKE ERIE; GREAT-LAKES; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; WATER; ONTARIO; SHIPS; TOXICITY; INTRODUCTIONS; PHOSPHORUS AB Treating the ballast water of oceanic vessels with a biocide is one potential management strategy to reduce the number of nonindigenous species released into the Laurentian Great Lakes from NOBOB (no ballast on board) vessels. To evaluate biocide effectiveness, glutaraldehyde, a five-carbon dialdehyde widely used for its antimicrobial properties, was investigated. Biocide effectiveness was assessed for various organisms using 24 h acute toxicity bioassays in water-only and water-sediment environments. Acute studies indicate a 24 h LC90 value of 100 mg glutaraldehyde L-1 or less for most of the freshwater organisms tested. The main exception was the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca, which was much more resistant to glutaraldehyde (24 h LC90 = 550 mg glutaraldehyde L-1; 95% CP 476-681). Biocide efficacy was also evaluated in water-sediment exposures. The presence of a test sediment (3% organic carbon) greatly increased lethal concentration estimates for the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, but not for H. azteca: The 24 h LC90 for L. variegatus varied depending on the water-sediment ratio, and ranged from 61 mg glutaraldehyde L-1 (95% CI 52-78) for an 8:1 water-sediment ratio to 356 mg glutaraldehyde L-1 (95% CI 322-423) for a 2:1 water-sediment ratio. This indicates that the amount of sediments present in NOBOB vessels may have a significant impact on biocide efficacy. Experiments using material from actual NOBOB vessels generally corroborated data from the water-sediment experiments and suggest a potential treatment concentration of approximately 500 mg glutaraldehyde L-1 for short exposure periods (e.g., 24 h). C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Michigan Sea Grant, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Peter.Landrum@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 545 EP 557 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 761ZY UT WOS:000187946400002 ER PT J AU Holcombe, TL Taylor, LA Reid, DF Warren, JS Vincent, PA Herdendorf, CE AF Holcombe, TL Taylor, LA Reid, DF Warren, JS Vincent, PA Herdendorf, CE TI Revised Lake Erie postglacial lake level history based on new detailed bathymetry SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bathymetry; Holocene; Lake Erie; lake floor features; lake level; lake surface area; lake water volume; paleogeography; water budget ID GREAT-LAKES; BASIN; EROSION AB Holocene lake level history and paleogeography of Lake Erie are re-interpreted with the aid of new bathymetry, existing water budget data, and published information. Morphology and elevation of present and former shoreline features (sand ridges, forelands, spits, bars, and fans) record the water level at which they were formed. Of eighteen such features observed in Lake Erie, six occur nearshore and were formed at or near present lake level, and twelve features apparently formed at lower lake levels. It seems likely that lake level fell below the level of the outlet sill during the 9-6 ka climate optimum, when warmer and drier conditions prevailed. During such times lake level likely rose and fell as controlled by the water budget, within a window of constraint imposed by increases and decreases in evaporation, which would have varied directly with lake surface area. Near Buffalo, possible shoreline features occurring 3-6 km offshore at depths of 9-12 m could have formed at lower lake levels. Annual water volumes in each term of the water budget, (runoff, precipitation, and evaporation) are large relative to the volumetric capacity of Lake Erie itself. Such events as introduction of even a modest amount of upper Great Lakes water, or the onset of cooler and less dry climate conditions, could cause significant, rapid, lake level rise. Schematic reconstructions illustrate changing paleogeography and a Holocene lake level history which has varied with: blocking/ unblocking of outlet sills; erosion of outlet sills; distance from outlet sills; differential isostatic rebound, upper Great Lakes drainage flowing into or bypassing the lake; and climate-driven water budget of the Lake Erie drainage basin. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Marine Geol & Geophys Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canadian Hydrog Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Holcombe, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Marine Geol & Geophys Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holcombe@ocean.tamu.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 681 EP 704 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 761ZY UT WOS:000187946400014 ER PT J AU Messina, ER Albus, JS Schlenoff, CI Evans, J AF Messina, ER Albus, JS Schlenoff, CI Evans, J TI Knowledge engineering for real time intelligent control SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ARCHITECTURE AB The key to real-time intelligent control lies in the knowledge models that the system contains. We argue that there needs to be a more rigorous approach to engineering the knowledge within intelligent controllers. Three main classes of knowledge are identified: parametric, geometric/iconic, and symbolic. Each of these classes provides unique perspectives and advantages for the planning of behaviors by the intelligent system. Examples of each from demonstration systems are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Messina, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elena.messina@nist.gov; james.albus@nist.gov; craig.schlenoff@nist.gov; john.evans@snet.net OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1064-1246 J9 J INTELL FUZZY SYST JI J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 818YI UT WOS:000221280000003 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Song, EY AF Feng, SC Song, EY TI A manufacturing process information model for design and process planning integration SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE manufacturing process modeling; manufacturing information; object model; product development; systems integration AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Design and Process Planning Integration (DPPI) project is developing an open, neutral manufacturing process object model to enable software interoperability among preliminary product design, process planning, and manufacturing execution. This object model has been used as the basis for developing the ISO 16100 standard: Industrial automation systems & integration - Manufacturing software capability profiling, Part 2: Information models for interoperability. This paper describes an object-oriented manufacturing process information model in the Unified Modeling Language. The model comprises classes on the necessary manufacturing information, such as artifact, manufacturing activities, workpiece, manufacturing equipment, estimated cost and time, and manufacturing process sequences. Major manufacturing activities include setup, workpiece handling, loading/unloading, and processing. This model is capable of describing the hierarchical structure of the information representing manufacturing processes of an artifact by means of recursive definition. Also, the model includes the representation of concurrent activities, alternative activities, and parallel activities. Furthermore, this model provides software developers with the information foundation for developing new process planning systems such that software development time can be significantly reduced. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DRIVE, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48121-0930 USA SN 0278-6125 J9 J MANUF SYST JI J. Manuf. Syst. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0278-6125(03)90001-X PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 723BL UT WOS:000185412500001 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Chen, YS Feng, S Sriram, R AF Gupta, SK Chen, YS Feng, S Sriram, R TI A system for generating process and material selection advice during embodiment design of mechanical components SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE process and material selection; embodiment design; cost estimation; manufacturability assessment AB This paper describes a systematic approach to material and process selection during the embodiment design of mechanical components and a system for generating process and material selection advice. Quite often during the embodiment design stage, design requirements are not precisely defined. Therefore, the system described in this paper accounts for imprecision in design requirements during generation and evaluation of alternative process sequences and material options. To reduce the computational effort, the system uses a depth-first branch-and-bound search algorithm. This aids in exploring promising process sequences and material options that can be used to meet the given set of design requirements. Various process sequences and material options are evaluated using a commercial cost estimation tool. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DRIVE, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48121-0930 USA SN 0278-6125 J9 J MANUF SYST JI J. Manuf. Syst. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 28 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0278-6125(03)90003-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 723BL UT WOS:000185412500003 ER PT J AU Kalin, M Hockey, B Jahanmir, S AF Kalin, M Hockey, B Jahanmir, S TI Wear of hydroxyapatite sliding against glass-infiltrated alumina SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ENAMEL; SINTERED HYDROXYAPATITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; CERAMICS; PORCELAIN; DENTISTRY; CROWNS; DAMAGE; GOLD AB This work reports on the processes involved in the wear of hydroxyapatite sliding against slip-cast, glass-infiltrated alumina. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was used as a model material representing tooth enamel, while the alumina used was designed for tooth restorations. The wear tests were conducted in distilled water using a pin-on-disk tribometer under contact conditions that mimic the oral environment. To investigate the wear process for this material system, the surfaces of the hydroxyapatite "pin" and-the alumina "disk" were examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine wear debris fragments collected from the hydroxyapatite wear scar and, for comparison, the bulk structure of the pin and crushed fragments from an unworn pin. Wear tracks on glass-infiltrated alumina showed only minor damage consisting of removal of glass from intergranular pockets in this material. In contrast, the hydroxyapatite wear surfaces were covered by an adhered debris layer, which obscured the rough, underlying surface. When dried, this adhered layer was found to contain both single-crystal and polycrystalline hydroxyapatite fragments, together with porous amorphous particulates, containing Ca, P, and O as major elements and Al and La as minor constituents. The composition of this amorphous wear product suggests a tribochemical reaction of hydroxyapatite and infiltrated alumina with water. The wear process, therefore, consists of material removal by fracture and deformation of the hydroxyapatite, followed by mixing of the crystalline fragments with the reaction products and the glass-infiltrate to form a uniform debris layer on the hydroxyapatite wear surface. The effects of this surface layer on wear are considered to include moderation of the local contact stresses and control of the immediate environment under which wear occurs. Our wear data, represented in terms of the wear factor, are found to be consistent with published data on the wear of tooth enamel sliding against different types of ceramic restorations. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Ctr Tribol & Tech Diagnost, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kalin, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Ctr Tribol & Tech Diagnost, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI kalin, mitjan/M-2504-2014 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 634VW UT WOS:000180363400005 ER PT J AU Lee, S Nguyen, T Chuang, TJ AF Lee, S Nguyen, T Chuang, TJ TI Model of fatigue damage in strain-rate-sensitive composite materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS AB A fatigue damage accumulation model based on the Paris law is proposed for strain-rate-sensitive polymer composite materials. A pre-exponent factor c(2)/f and strain-rate-sensitive exponent n are introduced. Numerical analysis of the model was performed using experimental data obtained in the literature. Both factors were found to enhance fatigue damage accumulation. The analysis also revealed that the extent of damage increases with decreasing frequency and that the damage rate is more sensitive to the applied maximum stress than to the stiffness of the material. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM sblee@mse.nthu.edu.tw NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0011 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 634VW UT WOS:000180363400011 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Miranda, P Kim, DK Lawn, BR AF Kim, JH Miranda, P Kim, DK Lawn, BR TI Effect of an adhesive interlayer on the fracture of a brittle coating on a supporting substrate SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTACT FRACTURE; LAYER STRUCTURES; INDENTATION; DESIGN AB The role of a compliant adhesive interlayer in determining critical conditions for radial fracture at the undersurfaces of brittle coatings bonded to substrates of dissimilar materials is investigated. Semi-empirical relations for the critical loads are derived by treating the adhesive as part of an effective substrate, thereby reducing the problem to that of a bilayer. A finite-element analysis of a model silicon/epoxy/glass system is used to evaluate adjustable parameters in the analytical relations. In situ experimental observations of crack initiation on the same material system are used to verify these relations. The critical loads depend sensitively on the adhesive thickness and modulus. Delamination at the interface in poorly bonded specimens greatly reduces the critical loads. This analysis affords a basis for predicting the prospective fracture resistance of brittle coatings joined by adhesives. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Extremadura, Escuela Ingn Ind, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; Kim, Do Kyung/C-2039-2011 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; Kim, Do Kyung/0000-0001-9092-9427 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0031 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 634VW UT WOS:000180363400031 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, ME TI Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules. Supplement B SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE ab initio calculations; density functional calculations; electronic energy levels; emission spectra; experimental data; free radicals; gas phase; high-temperature molecules; infrared spectra; laser-excited fluorescence; matrix isolation; molecular ions; photoelectron spectroscopy; polyatomic molecules; radiative lifetimes; Raman spectra; rotational constants; transient molecules; ultraviolet absorption; vibrational energy levels ID LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; MATRIX INFRARED-SPECTRA; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; RARE-GAS MATRICES; MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY LASER AB A summary is presented of recently published, critically evaluated experimental vibrational and electronic energy level data for approximately 1700 neutral and ionic transient molecules and high temperature species possessing from three to sixteen atoms. Although the emphasis is on species with lifetimes too short for study using conventional sampling techniques, there has been selective extension of the compilation to include data for isolated molecules of inorganic species such as the heavy-metal oxides, which are important in a wide variety of industrial chemical systems. Radiative lifetimes and the principal rotational constants are included. Observations in the gas phase, in molecular beams, and in rare-gas and diatomic molecule matrices are evaluated, and several thousand references are cited. The types of measurement surveyed include conventional and laser-based absorption and emission techniques, laser absorption with mass analysis, and photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 2003 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 3433 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 20 U2 128 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 441 DI 10.1063/1.1497629 PG 441 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653QC UT WOS:000181447400001 ER PT J AU Podobedova, LI Musgrove, A Kelleher, DE Reader, J Wiese, WL AF Podobedova, LI Musgrove, A Kelleher, DE Reader, J Wiese, WL TI Atomic spectral tables for the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Part ISVIII-SXIV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE far ultraviolet; SVIII; SIX; S X; S XI; S XII; S XIII; S XIV; soft x rays; sulfur; transition probabilities; wavelengths ID MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; BE-LIKE IONS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; XIV SPECTRA; PROBABILITIES; LINES; OXYGEN AB Tables of critically compiled wavelengths, energy levels, line classifications, and transition probabilities are given for spectra of ionized sulfur (S VIII-S XIV) in the region 21-170 A. These tables provide data of interest for the Emission Line Project in support of the analysis of astronomical data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. They will also be useful for the diagnostics of plasmas encountered in fusion energy research. The transition probabilities were obtained mainly from recent sophisticated calculations carried out with complex computer codes. (C) 2003 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedova, LI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larissa.podobedova@nist.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1386 DI 10.1063/1.1539857 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 755UG UT WOS:000187429400001 ER PT J AU Penoncello, SG Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT Shan, ZJ AF Penoncello, SG Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT Shan, ZJ TI A fundamental equation for trifluoromethane (R-23) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE caloric properties; density; equation of state; fundamental equation; HFC-23; R-23; thermodynamic properties; trifluoromethane ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; BINARY-MIXTURES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; CRITICAL REGION; POLAR GASES; CHF3; REFRIGERANTS; TEMPERATURE AB A new formulation for the thermodynamic properties of trifluoromethane (R-23) is presented. The formulation is valid for single-phase and saturation states for temperatures from the triple point (118.02 K) to 475 K, pressures up to 120 MPa, and densities up to 24.31 mol/dm(3). The formulation includes a fundamental equation and ancillary functions for the estimation of saturation properties. The experimental data used to determine the fundamental equation included pressure-density-temperature (p-rho-T), isobaric heat capacity (c(p)-p-T), isochoric heat capacity (c(nu)-rho-T), saturation heat capacity (c(sigma)), speed of sound (w-p-T), and vapor pressure. A nonlinear regression algorithm was used to determine the constants and exponents of various functions within the formulation. Experimental data and values computed using the formulation are compared to verify the uncertainties in the calculated properties. The formulation presented may be used to compute densities to within +/-0.1%, heat capacities to within +/-0.5%, speed of sound to within +/-0.5%, and vapor pressures to within +/-0.2%, except near the critical point. (C) 2003 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Appl Thermodynam Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Penoncello, SG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Appl Thermodynam Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1499 DI 10.1063/1.1559671 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 755UG UT WOS:000187429400005 ER PT J AU Wang, DP Oey, LY Ezer, T Hamilton, P AF Wang, DP Oey, LY Ezer, T Hamilton, P TI Near-surface currents in DeSoto Canyon (1997-99): Comparison of current meters, satellite observation, and model simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; GULF-STREAM MODEL; OF-MEXICO; ASSIMILATION; CIRCULATION; EDDIES; PERTURBATIONS; INTERPOLATION; TEMPERATURE; ANOMALIES AB This study evaluates a data-assimilated model simulation of near-surface circulation in DeSoto Canyon (DSC), Gulf of Mexico, with emphasis on analyzing moored current-meter observations and comparing them with satellite data and model results. The study period is for two years from April 1997 to April 1999. The model results are from a high-resolution Gulf of Mexico model forced by analyzed wind and surface heat flux. Two types of data are used to deduce near-surface circulation: moored current meters at 13 locations in the DSC, and satellite sea level anomaly. The moored currents are mapped through multivariate objective analysis to produce surface currents and surface geopotentials, against which satellite- and model-derived sea surface heights and geostrophic currents are compared. Coupled patterns between the observations, model results, and satellite data are obtained using the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. There are two dominant modes: a "single-eddy'' mode, in which currents are concentrated at the foot of the canyon, and an "eddy-pair'' mode, in which one eddy is at the foot of the canyon and the other, a counterrotating eddy, is over the head of canyon. Mode 1 appears to be associated with the mesoscale eddy traveling around the Loop Current crest and trough, and mode 2 is associated with the intrusion of Loop Current crest and trough over the west Florida shelf. The observed and model currents are in good agreement about the means and variances. The model currents also appear to be well constrained by the steep topography. However, the model velocity field contains only the first mode. The satellite- derived velocity field, on the other hand, contains both the first and second modes; though, the satellite field does not adequately resolve the velocity structures over the slope. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<0313:NSCIDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 633KT UT WOS:000180283000021 ER PT J AU Feng, HX Al-Sheikhly, M Silverman, J Weiss, DE Neta, P AF Feng, HX Al-Sheikhly, M Silverman, J Weiss, DE Neta, P TI Polymerization of neat 2-ethylhexyl acrylate induced by a pulsed electron beam SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; pulsed irradiation; free-radical polymerization; bulk polymerization ID INITIATED POLYMERIZATION; IRRADIATION; RADIOLYSIS; MONOMERS; SOLVENT AB The bulk polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), induced by a pulsed electron beam, was investigated with pulse radiolysis, gravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The roles of the dose rate, pulse frequency, and added acrylic acid (AA) in the polymerization of 2-EHA were examined at ambient temperature. In the range of 12.6-71.2 Gy/pulse, the polymerization of 2-EHA was dose-rate-dependent: at the same total dose, a lower dose rate yielded a higher conversion. Also, a lower pulse rate gave a higher conversion at the same total dose. The addition of up to 10 wt % AA showed no increase in the conversion of 2-EHA at a low conversion (8 kGy), but at a higher conversion (16 kGy), a 20 wt % increase in the conversion of 2-EHA was observed. The estimated values (1.6 +/- 0.3) X 10(-3) (dM(3) s)(3/2) mol (- 1) s (- 1/2) for k(p)(G/2k(t))(1/2) and 2.6 +/- 0.8 dm(3) s J(-1) for 2k(t)G (where k(p) is the rate constant of propagation, k(t) is the rate constant of bimolecular termination, and G is the yield of free radicals) were obtained at relatively low conversions. The reaction rate constant of the addition of 2-EHA free radicals to the monomer was measured by pulse radiolysis and found to be 2.8 X 10(2) mol (- 1) dm(3) s (- 1). (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 3M Co, Corp Proc Technol Ctr, 3M Ctr, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Al-Sheikhly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mohamad@eng.umd.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1002/pola.10548 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 628CL UT WOS:000179974500022 ER PT J AU Ho, DL Hammouda, B Kline, SR AF Ho, DL Hammouda, B Kline, SR TI Clustering of poly(ethylene oxide) in water revisited SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cluster; poly(ethylene oxide); dynamic light scattering ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PEO SOLUTIONS; BEHAVIOR; METHANOL AB The dynamic light scattering results presented in this letter demonstrate that the clustering of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can be observed even in ultrapure, freshly double-distilled and filtered deionized water. It is confirmed that the filtration of solutions removes the clustering structure and that a steady-state amount of PEO in clusters is reformed in filtered solutions within 24 h. Adding a drop of chloroform to unfiltered aqueous solutions of PEO temporarily alters the clustering structure, but it prevents the clustering of PEO in filtered solutions. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ho, DL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1002/polb.10340 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 628CM UT WOS:000179974700016 ER PT J AU Outola, I AF Outola, I TI Effect of industrial pollution on the distribution of Pu and Am in soil and on soil-to-plant transfer of Pu and Am in a pine forest in SW Finland SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT TRANSFER; CU-NI SMELTER; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; 5-YEAR LYSIMETER; PLUTONIUM; FALLOUT; AM-241; METAL; CS-137; PU-239 AB The effect of industrial pollution on the behavior of plutonium and americium was evaluated in a pine forest in the vicinity of a Cu-Ni smelter in SW Finland. Soil and vegetation were sampled at distances of 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km from the smelter. The vertical distribution of plutonium and americium was studied in litter, organic layer and mineral layers. The amount of Pu and Am in the litter layer increased and that in the organic layer decreased towards the smelter. Concentrations of plutonium and americium in different vegetation species decreased in the order mushrooms > lichens (Cladina spp., Cetraria islandica) > Empetrum nigrum > Vaccimum vitis-idaea. C1 Univ Helsinki, Lab Radiochem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Outola, I (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2003 VL 257 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1024715325488 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 701NM UT WOS:000184173700004 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Blaauw, M Fleming, RF AF Lindstrom, RM Blaauw, M Fleming, RF TI The half-life of As-76 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; LIVES; PRECISION AB In the course of making high-accuracy measurements of arsenic, we found that the most recently published and compiled half-life of As-76 did not agree with our data as well as the earlier accepted value. To redetermine this parameter, As-76 sources were measured on four Ge gamma detector systems, and an exponential function was fitted to the decay data by two different nonlinear least-squares methods. We obtained T-1/2=1.09379 days with a standard uncertainty of 0.00045 days. This result is 1.5% higher than the most recent value, but is in agreement with the older, less precise, consensus value. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2003 VL 257 IS 3 BP 489 EP 491 DI 10.1023/A:1025415926281 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714LF UT WOS:000184915000007 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, RM TI Using k(0) in PGAA: Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; MODULATION TECHNIQUE; AUTOMATIC-ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS FACILITY; HYPERMET-PC; PROMPT; SCATTERING; SENSITIVITIES; HYDROGEN AB Prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA) differs from conventional neutron activation analysis in the set of elements measured, the irradiation conditions, and the nature of the gamma-ray spectra. Each of these affects the conduct of the measurements and interpretation of the data. In its recent development, the k(0) standardization framework provides a solution to many of the problems of this analytical method, and may provide a bridge to greater certainty of analysis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2003 VL 257 IS 3 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.1023/A:1025488514894 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714LF UT WOS:000184915000018 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Grantham, S Tarrio, C Paterson, DJ McNulty, I Levin, TM Ankudinov, AL Rehr, JJ AF Levine, ZH Grantham, S Tarrio, C Paterson, DJ McNulty, I Levin, TM Ankudinov, AL Rehr, JJ TI Mass absorption coefficient of tungsten and tantalum, 1450 eV to 2350 eV: Experiment, theory, and application SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated circuit interconnect; M-3 edge; M-4 edge; M-5 edge; mass absorption; microspectroscopy; tantalum; transmission; tungsten ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT INTERCONNECT; COLLECTIVE RESPONSE; FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOABSORPTION; SCATTERING; ATOMS; PHOTOIONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; TOMOGRAPHY; EDGES AB The mass absorption coefficients of tungsten and tantalum were measured with soft x-ray photons from 1450 eV to 2350 eV using an undulator source. This region includes the M-3, M-4, and M-5 absorption edges. X-ray absorption fine structure was calculated within a real-space multiple scattering formalism; the predicted structure was observed for tungsten and to a lesser degree tantalum as well. Separately, the effects of dynamic screening were observed as shown by an atomic calculation within the relativistic time-dependent local-density approximation. Dynamic screening effects influence the spectra at the 25 % level and are observed for both tungsten and tantalum. We applied these results to characterize spatially-resolved spectra of a tungsten integrated circuit interconnect obtained using a scanning transmission x-ray microscope. The results indicate tungsten fiducial markers were deposited into silica trenches with a depths of 50 % and 60 % of the markers' heights. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Xray Microscopy Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IBM Corp, Microelect Div, Analyt Serv Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov; steven.grantham@nist.gov; charles.tarrio@nist.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.6028/jres.108.002 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000001 PM 27413590 ER PT J AU Jain, K Cen, YQ Bowers, WJ Schmidt, JW AF Jain, K Cen, YQ Bowers, WJ Schmidt, JW TI A double-primary dead-weight tester for pressures (35-175) kPa in gage mode SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dead-weight tester; piston/cylinder assembly; pistongage; pressure measurement; primary pressure standards AB Primary pressure standards in the atmospheric pressure range are often established using mercury manometers. Less frequently, controlled-clearance dead-weight testers in which one component ( normally the piston) has been dimensionally measured have also been used. Recent advances in technology on two fronts i) the fabrication of large-diameter pistons and cylinders with good geometry; and ii) the ability to measure the dimensions of these components, have allowed some dead-weight testers at NIST to approach total relative uncertainties (k = 2) in dimensionally-derived effective areas near 5 x 10(-6). This paper describes a single piston/cylinder assembly (NISTPG201WC/ WC) that serves as both a primary gage in which both piston and cylinder are measured dimensionally and a controlled-clearance primary gage ( employing the Heydemann-Welch method). Thus it allows some previous assumptions about the modeling of dead-weight testers to be checked. For the gage described in this paper the piston/cylinder clearance obtained from the two analyses have relative differences of 4 x 10(-6) to 7 x 10(-6) over the pressure range 35 kPa to 175 kPa. Some implications of these results will be discussed. From the dimensional characterizations and auxiliary measurements we have determined that the effective area for this gauge at 20 degreesC is: A(eff,20) = 1961.0659 mm(2) (1 + 3.75 x 10(-12) P/Pa +3.05 x 10(-12) P-J/Pa), where P is the system pressure and P-J is a control pressure. The estimated relative uncertainty in effective area is 8.2 x 10(-6) + 1.4 x 10(-11) P/Pa (k = 2). The temperature coefficient for the area was measured and found to be (9.06 +/- 0.04) x 10(-6)/ K. Thus using the gage at a reference temperature of 23 degreesC yields an effective area: A(eff,23) = 1961.1192 mm(2) (1 + 3.75 x 10(-12) P/Pa +3.05 x 10(-12) P-J/Pa), with almost no increase in the uncertainty over that at 20 degreesC. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Pressure & Vacuum Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, K (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Force & Hardness Stand Grp, New Delhi, India. EM walter.bowers@nist.gov; james.schmidt@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.6028/jres.108.003 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000002 PM 27413591 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Johnson, AN Moldover, MR AF Wright, JD Johnson, AN Moldover, MR TI Design and uncertainty analysis for a PVTt gas flow standard SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE correlated uncertainty; gas flow standard; inventory volume; mass cancellation; PVTt standard; sensor response; uncertainty ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PRESSURES; NITROGEN; MPA AB A new pressure, volume, temperature, and, time (PVTt) primary gas flow standard at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of between 0.02 % and 0.05 %. The standard spans the flow range of 1 L/min to 2000 L/min using two collection tanks and two diverter valve systems. The standard measures flow by collecting gas in a tank of known volume during a measured time interval. We describe the significant and novel features of the standard and analyze its uncertainty. The gas collection tanks have a small diameter and are immersed in a uniform, stable, thermostatted water bath. The collected gas achieves thermal equilibrium rapidly and the uncertainty of the average gas temperature is only 7 mK ( 22 x 10(-6) T). A novel operating method leads to essentially zero mass change in and very low uncertainty contributions from the inventory volume. Gravimetric and volume expansion techniques were used to determine the tank and the inventory volumes. Gravimetric determinations of collection tank volume made with nitrogen and argon agree with a standard deviation of 16 x 10(-6) V-T. The largest source of uncertainty in the flow measurement is drift of the pressure sensor over time, which contributes relative standard uncertainty of 60 x 10(-6) to the determinations of the volumes of the collection tanks and to the flow measurements. Throughout the range 3 L/min to 110 L/min, flows were measured independently using the 34 L and the 677 L collection systems, and the two systems agreed within a relative difference of 150 x 10(-6). Double diversions were used to evaluate the 677 L system over a range of 300 L/min to 1600 L/min, and the relative differences between single and double diversions were less than 75 x 10(6). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wright, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.wright@nist.gov; aaron.johnson@nist.gov; michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 21 EP 47 DI 10.6028/jres.108.004 PG 27 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000003 PM 27413592 ER PT J AU Smeller, JM Leigh, SD AF Smeller, JM Leigh, SD TI Potassium bromate assay by redox titrimetry using arsenic trioxide SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic trioxide; potassium bromate; redox titration AB Bromate, a disinfectant, is one of the analytes of interest in wastewater analysis. Environmental laboratories have a regulatory need for their measurements to be traceable to NIST standards. Bromate is not currently certified as a NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM). Therefore, a traceable assay of potassium bromate (KBrO3) is needed. KBrO3 was dissolved in water and assayed by redox titrimetry using arsenic trioxide (As2O3). A nominal ( 0.1 g) sample of As2O3 was dissolved in 10 mL of 5 mol/L sodium hydroxide. The solution was acidified with hydrochloric acid and about 95% of the KBrO3 titrant was added gravimetrically. The end point was determined by addition of dilute ( 1: 3) titrant using an automated titrator. The KBrO3 assay was determined to be 99.76% +/- 0.20%. The expanded uncertainty considered the titrations of three independently prepared KBrO3 solutions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smeller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.108.005 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000004 PM 27413593 ER PT J AU Mielenz, KD AF Mielenz, KD TI Optical diffraction in close proximity to plane apertures. II. Comparison of half-plane diffraction theories SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bidirectional fields; diffraction; half plane; irradiance; Kirchhoff; Maxwell; metallic screen; near zone; optics; Poynting; Rayleigh; scalar wave functions; Sommerfeld; wave equation AB The accuracy and physical significance of the classical Rayleigh-Sommerfeld and Kirchhoff diffraction integrals are assessed in the context of Sommerfeld's rigorous theory of half-plane diffraction and Maxwell's equations. It is shown that the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals are in satisfactory agreement with Sommerfeld's theory in most of the positive near zone, except at sub-wavelength distances from the screen. On account of the bidirectional nature of diffraction by metallic screens the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals themselves cannot be used for irradiance calculations, but must first be resolved into their forward and reverse components and it is found that Kirchhoff's integral is the appropriate measure of the forward irradiance. Because of the inadequate boundary conditions assumed in their derivation the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld and Kirchhoff integrals do not correctly describe the flow of energy through the aperture. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Radiometr Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mielenz, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Radiometr Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM meezlink@gcnetmail.net NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.6028/jres.108.006 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000005 PM 27413594 ER PT J AU Gardner, JL AF Gardner, JL TI Uncertainties in interpolated spectral data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interpolation; photometry; radiometry; uncertainty AB Interpolation is often used to improve the accuracy of integrals over spectral data convolved with various response functions or power distributions. Formulae are developed for propagation of uncertainties through the interpolation process, specifically for Lagrangian interpolation increasing a regular data set by factors of 5 and 2, and for cubic-spline interpolation. The interpolated data are correlated; these correlations must be considered when combining the interpolated values, as in integration. Examples are given using a common spectral integral in photometry. Correlation coefficients are developed for Lagrangian interpolation where the input data are uncorrelated. It is demonstrated that in practical cases, uncertainties for the integral formed using interpolated data can be reliably estimated using the original data. C1 CSIRO, Natl Measurement Lab, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gardner, JL (reprint author), CSIRO, Natl Measurement Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM jim.gardner@csiro.au NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 108 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.6028/jres.108.007 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660NV UT WOS:000181840000006 PM 27413595 ER PT J AU Goodpaster, JV Bishop, JJ Benner, BA AF Goodpaster, JV Bishop, JJ Benner, BA TI Forensic analysis of hair surface components using off-line supercritical fluid extraction and large volume injection SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hair; forensic; lipids; large volume injection; LVI; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; GC/MS ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; ON-COLUMN INJECTION; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; LIPIDS; DYES AB The analysis of organic material on the surface of human hair may indicate various subject characteristics such as age, race, gender, or the use of hair products. In addition, comparisons of hair chemical composition may be used to assess the potential for a common origin between a known and unknown sample. However, evidentiary hair samples are often extremely small, necessitating highly sensitive extraction and analysis techniques. In this communication, off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using large volume injection (LVI) is demonstrated as a potential method for extracting and analyzing hair surface components. The retention gap technique was used to achieve large volume injections, allowing up to 30 muL of the off-line extracts to be analyzed. Subsequent chemical analysis by GC/MS identified various natural components on the hair surface such as saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids, squalene, and cholesterol. Overall, off-line SFE was quite efficient, allowing the measurement of surface components of sample amounts ranging from 0.22 mg to 0.24 mg. In addition, derivatization of free fatty acids using a silylating agent increased both chromatographic resolution and sensitivity. Results from two hair samples are discussed to demonstrate the technique. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benner, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1002/jssc.200390005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 648UE UT WOS:000181168300018 ER PT J AU Byrd, HCM Guttman, CM Ridge, DP AF Byrd, HCM Guttman, CM Ridge, DP TI Molecular mass determination of saturated hydrocarbons: Reactivity of eta(5)-cyclopentadienylcobalt ion (CpCo center dot+) and linear alkanes up to C-30 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL IONS; GAS-PHASE; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL IONIZATION; SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERS; POLYETHYLENE AB The present study demonstrates the feasibility of the eta(5)-cyclopentadienylcobalt ion (CpCo+) as a suitable cationization reagent for saturated hydrocarbon analysis by mass spectrometry. Ion/molecule reactions of CpCo.+ and three medium chain-length n-alkanes were examined using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Second-order rate constants and reaction efficiencies were determined for the reactions studied. Loss of two hydrogen molecules from the CpCo-alkane ion complex was found to dominate all reactions (greater than or equal to80%). Furthermore, this dehydrogenation reaction efficiency increases with increasing chain length. These preliminary results suggest that the CpCo.+ ion may be a promising cationization reagent of longer chain saturated hydrocarbons and polyolefins. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Byrd, HCM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Polymers Div Bldg 224,Rm B-320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ridge, Douglas/A-7539-2013 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00815-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 628WD UT WOS:000180018800006 PM 12504333 ER PT J AU Atlas, D Williams, CR AF Atlas, D Williams, CR TI The anatomy of a continental tropical convective storm SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP SPECTRA; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; REFLECTIVITY; EVAPORATION; STRATIFORM; VELOCITY; DOPPLER; STEADY AB This study provides a very clear picture of the microphysics and flow field in a convective storm in the Rondonia region of Brazil through a synthesis of observations from two unique radars, measurements of the surface drop size distribution (DSD), and particle types and sizes from an aircraft penetration. The primary findings are 1) the growth of rain by the collision-coalescence-breakup (CCB) process to equilibrium drop size distributions entirely below the 0degreesC level; 2) the subsequent growth of larger ice particles (graupel and hail) at subfreezing temperatures; 3) the paucity of lightning activity during the former process, and the increased lightning frequency during the latter; 4) the occurrence of strong downdrafts and a downburst during the latter phase of the storm resulting from cooling by melting and evaporation; 5) the occurrence of turbulence along the main streamlines of the storm; and 6) the confirmation of the large drops reached during the CCB growth by polarimetric radar observations. These interpretations have been made possible by estimating the updraft magnitude using the "lower bound'' of the Doppler spectrum at vertical incidence, and identifying the "balance level'' at which particles are supported for growth. The combination of these methods shows where raindrops are supported for extended periods to allow their growth to equilibrium drop size distributions, while smaller drops ascend and large ones descend. A hypothesis worthy of pursuit is the control of the storm motion by the winds at the balance level, which is the effective precipitation generating level. Above the 0degreesC level the balance level separates the small ascending ice crystals from the large descending graupel and hail. Collisions between the two cause electrical charging, while gravity and the updrafts separate the charges to cause lightning. Below the 0degreesC level, large downward velocities (caused by the above-mentioned cooling) in excess of the terminal fall speeds of raindrops represent the downbursts, which are manifested in the surface winds. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Atlas, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0003:TAOACT>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627CW UT WOS:000179913600001 ER PT J AU Newsom, RK Banta, RM AF Newsom, RK Banta, RM TI Shear-flow instability in the stable nocturnal boundary layer as observed by Doppler lidar during CASES-99 SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; STRATIFIED COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; STATISTICS; BREAKDOWN; STABILITY AB This study investigates a shear-flow instability observed in the stably stratified nighttime boundary layer on 6 October 1999 during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) in south-central Kansas. A scanning Doppler lidar captured the spatial structure and evolution of the instability, and high-rate in situ sensors mounted on a nearby 60-m tower provided stability and turbulence data with excellent vertical resolution. Data from these instruments are analyzed and linear stability analysis (LSA) is employed to carefully characterize the wave field, its interaction with the mean flow, and its role in turbulence generation. The event persisted for about 30 min and was confined within the shear zone between the surface and a low-level jet (LLJ) maximum. Eigenvalues corresponding to the fastest growing mode of the LSA showed good agreement with the basic wave parameters determined from the lidar data. Good qualitative agreement was also obtained between the eigenfunction of the fastest growing mode and the vertical profile of the dominant Fourier mode in wavenumber spectra from spatially resolved lidar data. The height of the measured momentum flux divergence associated with the wave motion was consistent with the LSA prediction of the height of the critical level. Data show that the instability was triggered by an increase in shear due to a slowing of the flow below the LLJ maximum. This low-level slowing produced a local maximum in the shear profile, which was elevated above the surface. The speed and height of the LLJ remained relatively constant before, during, and after the event. Prior to the event turbulent momentum flux increased as the shear increased and as the gradient Richardson number decreased. With the onset of wave activity, a sudden increase in downward wave-momentum flux was accompanied by a sharp reduction in shear near the critical level. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 38 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 16 EP 33 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0016:SFIITS>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627CW UT WOS:000179913600002 ER PT J AU Deng, AJ Seaman, NL Kain, JS AF Deng, AJ Seaman, NL Kain, JS TI A shallow-convection parameterization for mesoscale models. part I: Submodel description and preliminary applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; NUMERICAL-MODELS; CLOUD ENSEMBLE; PLUME MODEL; TRANSITION; ASTEX AB A shallow-convection parameterization suitable for both marine and continental regimes is developed for use in mesoscale models. The scheme is closely associated with boundary layer turbulence processes and can transition to either a deep-convection scheme in conditionally unstable environments or to an explicit (resolved scale) moisture scheme in moist stable environments. The shallow-convection mass-closure assumption uses a hybrid formulation based on boundary layer turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and convective available potential energy (CAPE), while the convective trigger is primarily a function of boundary layer TKE. Secondary subgrid clouds having nearly neutral buoyancy can form as shallow-convective updrafts detrain mass to their environment. Called neutrally buoyant clouds (NBCs), these can be dissipated through lateral and vertical mixing, light precipitation, ice-crystal settling, and cloud-top entrainment instability (CTEI). The shallow-convection scheme is developed and demonstrated in a 1D version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5) which includes a 1.5-order turbulence parameterization that predicts the TKE, an atmospheric radiation submodel, and an explicit moisture submodel. The radiation calculation includes the feedback effects of the subgrid NBCs predicted by the shallow-convection parameterization. Results from initial applications in both marine and continental environments are consistent with the observed characteristics of the mesoscale thermodynamic structures and local cloud-field parameters. A subsequent paper (Part II) presents more complete verifications in different environments and results of sensitivity experiments. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM deng@essc.psu.edu NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 34 EP 56 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0034:ASCPFM>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627CW UT WOS:000179913600003 ER PT J AU Deng, AJ Seaman, NL Kain, JS AF Deng, AJ Seaman, NL Kain, JS TI A shallow-convection parameterization for mesoscale models. Part II: Verification and sensitivity studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SCHEME; MASS; REPRESENTATION; ASTEX AB Formulations describing a new shallow-convection parameterization intended for mesoscale models have been described in a companion paper, Part I. In the present paper the convection scheme is tested and evaluated against observed datasets in both marine and continental environments. Additional experiments explore the sensitivity of the scheme to changes in model vertical resolution, key parameters of the closure, and the cloud-dissipation mechanisms. The new shallow-convection scheme uses a hybrid mass flux closure that adjusts linearly between two closure options based on (i) boundary layer turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) for very shallow clouds and (ii) convective available potential energy (CAPE) for deep clouds. Meanwhile, cloud mass detrained from convective updrafts acts as the source for a second class of subgrid clouds having nearly neutral buoyancy, which can persist for hours. Performance of the convection submodel is found to be quite reasonable in four cases covering a range of conditions. In a marine application taken from the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX), a 1D column of air undergoes Lagrangian advection as it gradually transitions from a stratus environment at 41degreesN to a trade-cumulus environment at 30degreesN. Characteristics of the simulated cloud fields agree rather well with ASTEX observations in this weakly forced environment, including distributions of cloud fraction, cloud water, precipitation, and cloud liquid water path, and with simulations from other cloud-predicting models. The three other cases simulate various continental convective regimes (stratocumulus, cumulus humilis, and cumulonimbus) observed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARM CART Central Facility in Lamont, Oklahoma. Verifications of the evolving cloud area, base height, cloud depth, and liquid water pathlength in these cases show that the shallow-convection scheme can adapt to different synoptic environments and the rapidly changing conditions associated with strong surface fluxes. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Deng, AJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0057:ASCPFM>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627CW UT WOS:000179913600004 ER PT J AU Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Winker, DM Ogren, JA Holmen, K AF Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Winker, DM Ogren, JA Holmen, K TI Mesoscale variations of tropospheric aerosols SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONTINENTAL SITE; RESIDENCE TIME; VARIABILITY; EXTINCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; COMPONENTS; SULFATE AB Tropospheric aerosols are calculated to cause global-scale changes in the earth's heat balance, but these forcings are space/time integrals over highly variable quantities. Accurate quantification of these forcings will require an unprecedented synergy among satellite, airborne, and surface-based observations, as well as models. This study considers one aspect of achieving this synergy-the need to treat aerosol variability in a consistent and realistic way. This need creates a requirement to rationalize the differences in spatiotemporal resolution and coverage among the various observational and modeling approaches. It is shown, based on aerosol optical data from diverse regions, that mesoscale variability (specifically, for horizontal scales of 40-400 km and temporal scales of 2-48 h) is a common and perhaps universal feature of lower-tropospheric aerosol light extinction. Such variation is below the traditional synoptic or "airmass'' scale (where the aerosol is often assumed to be essentially homogeneous except for plumes from point sources) and below the scales that are readily resolved by chemical transport models. The present study focuses on documenting this variability. Possible physical causes and practical implications for coordinated observational strategies are also discussed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Anderson, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 48 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0119:MVOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627CW UT WOS:000179913600007 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Wang, Q Feingold, G AF Wang, SP Wang, Q Feingold, G TI Turbulence, condensation, and liquid water transport in numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYERS; PART I; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTION; STRATUS; PARAMETERIZATION; REPRESENTATION AB Condensation and turbulent liquid water transport in stratocumulus clouds involve complicated interactions between turbulence dynamics and cloud microphysical processes, and play essential roles in defining the cloud structure. This work aims at understanding this dynamical-microphysical interaction and providing information necessary for parameterizations of the ensemble mean condensation rate and turbulent fluxes of liquid water variables in a coupled turbulence-microphysics model. The approach is to simulate nonprecipitating stratocumulus clouds with a coupled large eddy simulation and an explicit bin-microphysical model, and then perform a budget analysis for four liquid water variables: mean liquid water content, turbulent liquid water flux, mean cloud droplet number concentration, and the number density flux. The results show that the turbulence contribution to the mean condensation rate comes from covariance of the integral cloud droplet radius and supersaturation, which enhances condensation in turbulent updrafts and reduces evaporation in the downdrafts. Turbulent liquid water flux results from a close balance between turbulence dynamics and microphysical processes. Consequently, the flux can be parameterized in terms of the common diffusive downgradient formulation, fluxes of conservative thermodynamic variables, the turbulence mixing timescale, and the condensation timescale, which is determined by the droplet spectrum. The results also suggest that the condensation timescale regulates the turbulence fields, as does the number concentration, because it affects the condensation fluctuation, which is highly correlated with the turbulence vertical motion. A saturation adjustment cloud model, which diagnoses liquid water content at its equilibrium level, instantly condenses (evaporates) all available water vapor (liquid water) surplus. Consequently, there is likely to be a systematic difference between the turbulence field resolved with this type of model and that with a supersaturation-based cloud scheme for which a finite condensation timescale applies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS2, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. EM wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 2 BP 262 EP 278 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0262:TCALWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634NV UT WOS:000180347800003 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, E TI First-principles calculations of the dielectric properties of perovskite-type materials SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microwave Materials and Their Applications (MMA 2002) CY SEP 01-03, 2002 CL YORK, ENGLAND DE dielectric properties; first-principles calculations; perovskites; Ca(Al,Nb)O-3 ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EFFECTIVE CHARGES; FIRST PRINCIPLES; BARIUM-TITANATE; ALPHA-QUARTZ; CATIO3; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We compare first-principles (FP) calculations of the ionic effective charges, phonon frequencies, and static dielectric permittivities kappa(s) of several perovskite-type materials. Transition metal ions have anomalously large effective charges, though in the double perovskite CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 (CAN), the effective charge of Nb is significantly lower than in the simple perovskite KNbO3, showing different Nb-O bonding chemistry. Tolerance factors, cation chemistry, and structural phase transitions all affect the nature of the softest phonons in perovskites. For the solid solution (CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3)(1-x)-(CaTiO3)(x) (CAN-CT), kappa(s) is modeled via a cluster expansion, with the parameters determined from FP. In pure CAN, kappa(s) is found to increase when cation disorder increases, in agreement with experimental results on analogous systems. The dielectric constant of CAN-CT increases nonlinearly with x, in agreement with experiment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 14 BP 2375 EP 2379 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00158-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 718NG UT WOS:000185152600003 ER PT J AU Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA AF Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA TI Effect of changing the electrode gap on the spatial and electrical properties Of O-2/CF4 plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CHAMBER-CLEANING PLASMAS; REFERENCE CELL; CF2 RADICALS; DISCHARGES; DENSITY; UNIFORMITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; MECHANISMS AB Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were made to determine two-dimensional spatial maps of CF2 density as a chemical marker of plasma uniformity in 9% O-2/91% CF4 chamber-cleaning plasmas. Broadband optical emission and discharge current and voltage measurements were also made and compared to the PLIF results. Measurements were made in a capacitively coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell as pressure was varied from 13 (100 mTorr) to 133 Pa (1000 mTorr) and electrode gap was varied from 2.25 to 0.5 cm. Smaller gaps resulted in increased radial uniformity and extended the pressure range over which CF2 density and electrical properties remain insensitive to pressure. These effects are explained by a decrease in the bulk plasma resistance at narrower electrode gaps, which changes the path that rf current takes through the discharge, thus affecting where electron heating and CF2 production occur. These results provide insight into the optimization of chamber-cleaning processes and reactors as well as provide necessary data for validation of plasma simulations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steffens, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1116/1.1531142 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 673UG UT WOS:000182598200035 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI Information depth and the mean escape depth in Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID FREE PATHS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; SCATTERING; XPS; PROBABILITY; ELEMENTS; SOLIDS; AES AB The information depth (ID) is a measure of the sampling depth for the detected signal in Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) while the mean escape depth (MED) is a measure of surface sensitivity. We report ID and MED calculations for Si2s. Si2p(3/2), Cu2s, Cu2p(3/2). Au4s. and Au4f(7/2) photoelectrons excited by Mg Kalpha x rays. These calculations were made for various electron emission angles and for a common XPS configuration. Similar calculations were made for Si L3VV, Si KL23L13, Cu M3VV, Cu L3VV, Au N7VV, and An M5N67N67 Auger transitions. The IDs and MEDs were derived from an analytical expression for the signal-electron depth distribution function obtained from a solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation within the transport approximation. The ratios of the IDs and the MEDs to the corresponding values found if elastic-electron scattering were assumed to be negligible, R-ID and R-MED were less than unity and varied slowly with electron emission angle a for emission angles less than 50degrees. For larger emission angles, these ratios increased rapidly with alpha. For alphaless than or equal to50degrees, average values of R-ID and R-MED varied linearly with the single-scattering albedo, omega, a simple function of the electron inelastic mean-free path and transport mean-free path. For alpha = 70degrees and alpha = 80degrees, R-ID also varied linearly with omega but R-MED showed a quadratic variation. The albedo is thus a useful measure of the magnitude of ciastic-scattering effects on the ratios R-ID and R-MED, As a result of the elastic scattering of the signal electrons, AES and XPS measurements at alpha = 80degrees are less surface sensitive than would be expected if elastic scattering had been neglected. Conversely, AES and XPS measurements made for alphaless than or equal to50degrees are more surface sensitive as a result of elastic-scattering effects. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pl; cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 23 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1116/1.1538370 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 673UG UT WOS:000182598200038 ER PT J AU Schmid, JR Bolten, AB Bjorndal, KA Lindberg, WJ Percival, HF Zwick, PD AF Schmid, JR Bolten, AB Bjorndal, KA Lindberg, WJ Percival, HF Zwick, PD TI Home range and habitat use by Kemp's ridley turtles in west-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE compositional analysis; Florida; GIS; habitat use; home range; Kemp's ridley turtle; Lepidochelys kempii; radiotelemetry; sonic telemetry ID LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; SEA-TURTLES; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CEDAR KEYS; PATTERNS; AVAILABILITY; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR; COAST; CRAB AB The Kemp's ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) is an endangered species whose recovery depends in part on the identification and protection of required habitats. We used radio and sonic telemetry on subadult Kemp's ridley turtles to investigate home-range size and habitat use in the coastal waters of west-central Florida from 1994 to 1996. We tracked 9 turtles during May-August up to 70 days after release and found they occupied 5-30 km(2) foraging ranges. Compositional analyses indicated that turtles used rock outcroppings in their foraging ranges at a significantly higher proportion than expected, based on availability within the study area. Additionally, turtles used live bottom (e.g., sessile invertebrates) and green macroalgae habitats significantly more than seagrass habitat. Similar studies are needed throughout the Kemp's ridley turtles' range to investigate regional and stage-specific differences in habitat use, which can then be used to conserve important foraging areas. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmid, JR (reprint author), Conservancy SW Florida, 1450 Merrihue Dr, Naples, FL 34102 USA. OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.2307/3803075 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200021 ER PT J AU Jeffries, S Huber, H Calambokidis, J Laake, J AF Jeffries, S Huber, H Calambokidis, J Laake, J TI Trends and status of harbor seals in Washington state: 1978-1999 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE generalized logistic; harbor seal; Marine Mammal Protection Act; maximum net productivity level; optimum sustainable population; Phoca vitulina; pinniped; population growth; trend; Washington ID PHOCA-VITULINA; POPULATION; RICHARDSI; ALASKA; OREGON; LEVEL AB In the first half of the 20th century, harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) numbers were severely reduced in Washington state by a state-financed population control program. Seal numbers began to recover after the cessation of bounties in 1960 and passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1972. From 1978 to 1999, aerial surveys were flown at midday low tides during pupping season to determine the distribution and abundance of harbor seals in Washington. We used exponential and generalized logistic models to examine population trends and size relative to maximum net productivity level (MNPL) and carrying capacity (K. Observed harbor seal abundance has increased 3-fold since 1978, and estimated abundance has increased 7 to 10-fold since 1970. Under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) management, Washington harbor seals are divided into 2 stocks: coastal and inland waters. The observed population size for 1999 is very close to the predicted K for both stocks. The current management philosophy for marine mammals that assumes a density-dependent response in population growth with MNPL > K/2 is supported by growth of harbor seal stocks in Washington waters. C1 Marine Mammel Invest, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tacoma, WA 98498 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Jeffries, S (reprint author), Marine Mammel Invest, Dept Fish & Wildlife, 7801 Philips Rd SW, Tacoma, WA 98498 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.2307/3803076 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200022 ER PT S AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Welton, EJ AF Quinn, PK Bates, TS Welton, EJ BE Kamerman, GW TI In-situ measurements and modeling of aerosol extinction in remote and polluted atmospheres SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE aerosol composition; scattering; extinction; optical depth ID MASS AB The NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory's aerosol research program is focused on the impact of atmospheric particulates on climate and air quality. Our approach is to characterize relevant aerosol chemical, physical, and optical properties using a combination of in situ and remote instrumentation and optical models. The resulting data base includes long term measurements from northern hemisphere aerosol monitoring stations operated by NOAA and short term measurements from international intensive aerosol experiments. The data provide information on spatial and temporal means and variability in aerosol properties and on aerosol formation and transformation processes in the boundary layer. To demonstrate our in situ measurement and modeling capabilities, results are presented here from ACE Asia, an experiment we participated in during the spring of 2001. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.503138 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000015 ER PT S AU Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Bronner, S Beck, R AF Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Bronner, S Beck, R BE Kamerman, GW TI Bistatic lidar measurements in the boundary layer using a CCD camera SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE boundary layer; aerosols; lidar; CCD; bistatic lidar; CLidar ID AEROSOL; VARIABILITY; TOOL AB A CCD based bistatic lidar (CLidar) system has been developed and constructed to measure scattering in the atmospheric boundary layer. The system used is based on a CCD camera, wide-angle optics and laser. Measuring near the ground with the standard monostatic lidar method is difficult due to the huge change in signal strength with altitude and the incomplete overlap between the laser and the telescope. High spatial (altitude) resolution is also desired near the ground for comparison with in-situ aerosol instruments. Imaging a vertical laser beam from the side with a CCD camera and wide-angle field of view optics overcomes both of these problems. While the molecular signal changes many orders of magnitude in the standard method, it only changes about one order with the CLidar method. hi addition, the CLidar resolution near the ground is less than a meter. For perpendicular polarization, the molecular signal is nearly constant all the way to the ground. Other advantages of the CLidar method include low cost and simplicity. The signal is integrated on the CCD rather than with specialized electronics. With the bistatic CLidar method the scattering angle changes with altitude. The variation of scattering intensity with the scattering angle will be influenced by the aerosol size distribution and thus could help provide information on aerosol parameters of interest in the boundary layer. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, POB 275, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.501202 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000016 ER PT S AU Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T AF Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T BE Singh, UN TI Bistatic lidar measurements in the boundary layer using a CCD camera SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring IV CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE boundary layer; aerosols; lidar; CCD; bistatic lidar; CLidar ID AEROSOL; VARIABILITY; TOOL AB A CCD based bistatic lidar (CLidar) system has been developed and constructed to measure scattering in the atmospheric boundary layer. The system used is based on a CCD camera, wide-angle optics and laser. Measuring near the ground with the standard monostatic lidar method is difficult due to the huge change in signal strength with altitude and the incomplete overlap between the laser and the telescope. High spatial (altitude) resolution is also desired near the ground for comparison with in-situ aerosol instruments. Imaging a vertical laser beam from the side with a CCD camera and wide-angle field of view optics overcomes both of these problems. While the molecular signal changes many orders of magnitude in the standard method, it only changes about one order with the CLidar method. In addition, the CLidar resolution near the ground is less than a meter. For perpendicular polarization, the molecular signal is nearly constant all the way to the ground. Other advantages of the CLidar method include low cost and simplicity. The signal is integrated on the CCD rather than with specialized electronics. With the bistatic CLidar method the scattering angle changes with altitude. The variation of scattering intensity with the scattering angle will be influenced by the aerosol size distribution and thus could help provide information on aerosol parameters of interest in the boundary layer. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, POB 275, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5027-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5154 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.510289 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BY23K UT WOS:000188361500002 ER PT S AU Barnes, JE Voemel, H AF Barnes, JE Voemel, H BE Singh, UN TI Water vapor measurements by raman lidar and balloon sonde at Mauna Loa Observatory SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring IV CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE lidar; raman lidar; water vapor; radiosonde; frost point hygrometer AB Water vapor measurements have been added to the aerosol/temperature lidar operated by the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO). The 532 nm light from an Nd:YAG laser is used and two channels measure the raman shifted light at 607 nm (nitrogen) and 660 nm (water vapor). The receiver is a 74 cm diameter parabolic mirror with the two detectors at the prime focus. An interference filter and two high pass filters achieve a rejection of the 532 tun light of about 1E9, which is needed for measurements of water in the upper troposphere where the water mixing ration can be a few parts per million. Radiosonde flights from the observatory were used for both the calibration constant and the low altitude overlap corrections. The sonde flights used both Vaiasala humidity sensors and chilled mirror hygrometers. The Vaiasala sensors were accurate to about 11 km (-50 C). The chilled mirror hygrometer detection limit is determined by the temperature depression attainable by the cooler. The lidar system has been used for validation of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA/Aqua satellite launched in May, 2002. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, POB 275, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5027-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5154 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.510315 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BY23K UT WOS:000188361500019 ER PT S AU Yoe, JG Raja, MKRV Hardesty, RM Brewer, WA Moore, B Ryan, J Hays, P Nardell, C Gentry, B Day, M Rancourt, K AF Yoe, JG Raja, MKRV Hardesty, RM Brewer, WA Moore, B Ryan, J Hays, P Nardell, C Gentry, B Day, M Rancourt, K BE Singh, UN Itabe, T Liu, Z TI GroundWinds 2000 field campaign: Demonstration of new Doppler lidar technology and wind lidar data intercomparison SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring III CY OCT 24-25, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Soc Oceanog, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat, Environm Satellite Syst Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data, & Informat Serv Off Res & Appl, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol DE Doppler lidar; wind profiles; direct detection; heterodyne detection ID VALIDATION AB A field campaign featuring three collocated Doppler wind lidars was conducted over ten days during September 2000 at the GroundWinds Observatory in New Hampshire. The lidars were dissimilar in wavelength and Doppler detection method. The GroundWinds lidar operated at 532 nm and used fringe-imaging direct detection, while the Goddard Lidar Observatory for Winds (GLOW) ran at 355 nm and employed double-edge filter direct detection, and the NOAA mini-MOPA operated at 10 microns and used heterodyne detection. The objectives of the campaign were (1) to demonstrate the capability of the GroundWinds lidar to measure winds while employing several novel components, and (2) to compare directly the radial wind velocities measured by the three lidars for as wide a variety of conditions as possible. Baseline wind profiles and ancillary meteorological data (temperature and humidity profiles) were obtained by launching GPS radiosondes from the observatory as frequently as every 90 minutes. During the final week of the campaign the lidars collected data along common lines-of-sight for several extended periods. The wind speed varied from light to jet stream values, and sky conditions ranged from clear to thick clouds. Intercomparisons of overlapping lidar and radiosonde observations show that all three lidars were able to measure wind given sufficient backscatter. At ranged volumes containing thick clouds, and those beyond, the wind sensing capability of the direct detection lidars was adversely affected. C1 NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yoe, JG (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4679-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4893 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1117/12.466669 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW57Q UT WOS:000182448300039 ER PT J AU Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ AF Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ TI High-resolution determination of coral reef bottom cover from multispectral fluorescence laser line scan imagery SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMMUNITIES; PROTEINS; SPONGES; FAMILY; BANDS AB A prototype in-water laser line-scanning multispectral fluorescence imaging system was evaluated for its ability to provide data that could be used to determine the quantitative distribution and abundance of various functional groups on coral reefs. The system collected fluorescence imagery in three spectral bands with 1 cm(2) resolution at sites in Florida and the Bahamas. Fluorescence excitation was at 488 nm, and imagery was collected in emission bands centered at 520, 580, and 685 nm. Ground truth data on bottom cover was collected by divers using conventional line transect and photographic quadrat methods. A set of classification rules based on the relative signal levels in the three fluorescence channels was developed to assign the image pixels to functional groups. Once the image was classified, percent cover data for the groups were computed for the full image and for subsets of the image chosen to simulate line transect, grid survey, and photographic quadrat surveys. The statistics of percent cover of various bottom types derived from the fluorescence image compared favorably with those determined by diver survey techniques. The results demonstrate that fluorescence imaging has the long-term potential to provide coverage of large spatial areas of coral reefs at high resolution, with automated classification and quantification of functional groups in the image. C1 Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Marine Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Raytheon Co, Elect Syst, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. RP Mazel, CH (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 522 EP 534 PN 2 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800021 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Holderied, K Sinclair, M AF Stumpf, RP Holderied, K Sinclair, M TI Determination of water depth with high-resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW WATERS; CORAL-REEFS; FEATURES AB A standard algorithm for determining depth in clear water from passive sensors exists; but it requires tuning of five parameters and does not retrieve depths where the bottom has an extremely low albedo. To address these issues, we developed an empirical solution using a ratio of reflectances that has only two tunable parameters and can be applied to low-albedo features. The two algorithms-the standard linear transform and the new ratio transform-were compared through analysis of IKONOS satellite imagery against lidar bathymetry. The coefficients for the ratio algorithm were tuned manually to a few depths from a nautical chart, yet performed as well as the linear algorithm tuned using multiple linear regression against the lidar. Both algorithms compensate for variable bottom type and albedo (sand, pavement, algae, coral) and retrieve bathymetry in water depths of less than 10-15 m. However, the linear transform does not distinguish depths >15 m and is more subject to variability across the studied atolls. The ratio transform can, in clear water, retrieve depths in >25 m of water and shows greater stability between different areas. It also performs slightly better in scattering turbidity than the linear transform. The ratio algorithm is somewhat noisier and cannot always adequately resolve fine morphology (structures smaller than 4-5 pixels) in water depths >15-20 m. In general, the ratio transform is more robust than the linear transform. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Tenix LADS Corp, Mawson Pk, SA 5095, Australia. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway,Rm 9115, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 13 TC 163 Z9 176 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 547 EP 556 PN 2 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800023 ER PT B AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, R BE Kakac, SK Smirnov, HF Avelino, MR TI Pulse tube cryocoolers SO LOW TEMPERATURE AND CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Low-Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration CY JUN 23-JUL 05, 2002 CL CESME, TURKEY SP NATO Adv Study Inst, NATO Sci Affairs Div ID THERMOACOUSTIC HEAT TRANSPORTATION; ENERGY TRANSFORMATION; 4 K; REFRIGERATORS; ENGINES; COOLER C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1273-X J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 99 BP 415 EP 434 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BX09R UT WOS:000184285400023 ER PT J AU Davies, MA Yoon, H Schmitz, TL Burns, TJ Kennedy, MD AF Davies, MA Yoon, H Schmitz, TL Burns, TJ Kennedy, MD TI Calibrated thermal microscopy of the tool-chip interface in machining SO MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the results of calibrated, microscopic measurement of the temperature fields at the tool-chip interface during the steady-state, orthogonal machining of AISI 1045 steel. The measurement system consists of an infrared imaging microscope with a 0.5 mm square target area, and a spatial resolution of less than 5 mum. The system is based on an InSb 128 x 128 focal plane array with an all-reflective microscope objective. The microscope is calibrated using a standard blackbody source from NIST. The emissivity of the machined material is determined from the infrared reflectivity measurements. Thermal images of steady state machining are measured on a diamond-turning class lathe for a range of machining parameters. The measurements are analyzed by two methods: 1) energy flux calculations made directly from the thermal images using a control-volume approach; and 2) a simplified finite-difference simulation. The standard uncertainty of the temperature measurements is +/- 52degreesC at 800degreesC. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davies, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-0344 J9 MACH SCI TECHNOL JI Mach. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 167 EP 190 DI 10.1081/MST-120022776 PG 24 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 696UH UT WOS:000183905600001 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Baremore, IE AF Carlson, JK Baremore, IE TI Changes in biological parameters of Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in the Gulf of Mexico: evidence for density-dependent growth and maturity? SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North/West Atlantic Fisheries Organization Scientific Council Meeting CY SEP, 2002 CL DARTMOUTH, CANADA SP N W Atlantic Fisheries Org Sci Council DE age; compensatory; exploitation; small coastal shark ID MUSTELUS-ANTARCTICUS GUNTHER; SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN WATERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GUMMY SHARK; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; AGE; CURVE AB Biological parameters of the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in the northern Gulf of Mexico were re-examined to test for potential changes due to density dependent responses. Biological data from published studies in the Gulf of Mexico collected during the period 1979-1984 were compared with data collected during the period 1998-2001. For combined sexes, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L-infinity = 110.8 cm total length, K = 0.39 year(-1) and t(o) = -0.86 year during 1984 and L-infinity = 94.0 cm total length, K = 0.73 year(-1) and t(o) = -0.88 year during 1998-2001. Median size for males and females at maturity decreased from approximately 78.3 and 80.2 cm total length (TL), respectively, in 1979-1980 to 72.6 and 75.8 cm TL, respectively, in 1998-2001. Age at maturity for combined sexes also decreased from 2.3 years in 1979-1980 to 1.4 years in 1998-2001. Litter size was similar between periods (5.0 embryos), as was the average size of embryos close to parturition (32 cm TL; 130-150 g). Growth rates using observed mean size-at-age data were higher from 1998-2001 for early ages (0-2.5 years). The observed decrease in maturity and increased growth rate lends support to the hypothesis of a compensatory response, although it could not be fully determined whether the response was due to differences in methodology among studies, anthropogenic influences or natural causes. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, S E Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, S E Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1071/MF02153 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 692CG UT WOS:000183642300004 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Cowen, RK Paris, CB Capo, TR Luthy, SA AF Serafy, JE Cowen, RK Paris, CB Capo, TR Luthy, SA TI Evidence of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, spawning in the vicinity of Exuma Sound, Bahamas SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Billfish Symposium CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE age and growth; Istiophoridae; larval billfish; nursery grounds ID XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; ABUNDANCE; SWORDFISH; GROWTH; LARVAE; TUNA AB Exuma Sound is a semi-enclosed body of water bounded by islands of the Bahamas. During July 2000, sampling for larval billfish was carried out throughout the Sound's surface waters as well as in adjacent open waters of the Atlantic Ocean. A total of 99 larval billfish (Istiophoridae) was collected. Ninety of the larvae were identifiable as blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and three as sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). The remaining larvae were also istiophorids, unidentified to species owing to damage; no larval Xiphias gladius were collected. Larval blue marlin densities ranged from 0 to 3.4 larvae/1000 m(2); their sizes ranged from 3.1 mm notochord length to 22.6 mm standard length. Densities tended to be highest north-east of the Sound's central axis, especially within the two regions where exchange with the Atlantic is greatest. Mean densities tended to decrease in the direction of mean flow; mean lengths increased from 8.08 mm at the Sound's mouth to 14.7 mm standard length at its upper reaches. Length-based estimates of larval age ranged from 2.2 to 17.2 days. Given these age estimates and assuming passive surface transport, the blue marlin larvae collected were likely the result of recent spawning in waters that include Exuma Sound and may extend some 200 km south-east of its mouth. This study suggests that Exuma Sound functions as a nursery area for blue marlin, and possibly other billfish species, at least during the summer. Limited sampling just outside Exuma Sound, in the Atlantic Ocean proper, also yielded blue marlin larvae. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. OI Paris, Claire/0000-0002-0637-1334 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1071/MF01273 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 713ED UT WOS:000184843100003 ER PT J AU Kleiber, P Hinton, MG Uozumi, Y AF Kleiber, P Hinton, MG Uozumi, Y TI Stock assessment of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the Pacific using MULTIFAN-CL SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Billfish Symposium CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE assessment model; fishery impact; growth; maximum sustainable yield; mortality; recruitment; stock status ID OCEAN AB In the Pacific, blue marlin are an incidental catch of longline fisheries and an important resource for big game recreational fishing. Over the past two decades, blue marlin assessments by different techniques have yielded results ranging from an indication of declining stock to a state of sustained yield at approximately the maximum average level. Longline fishing practices have changed over the years since the 1950s in response to changes in principal target species and to gear developments. Despite increasingly sophisticated attempts to standardize fishing effort with changing fishing practices, the stock assessments to date are likely confounded to a greater or lesser degree by changes in catchability for blue marlin. Yet, only data from commercial longline fisheries targeting tuna provide sufficient spatial and temporal coverage to allow assessment of this resource. To re-assess the blue marlin stocks in the Pacific and also to assess the efficacy of a habitat-based standardization of longline effort, a collaborative analysis was conducted involving scientists at the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Japan, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, California, and the NOAA Fisheries Honolulu Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii. Using MULTIFAN-CL as an assessment tool, there was considerable uncertainty in quantifying the fishing effort levels that would produce a maximum sustainable yield. However, it was found that, at worst, blue marlin in the Pacific are close to a fully exploited state, that is the population and the fishery are somewhere near the top of the yield curve. Furthermore, it was found that effort standardization using a habitat-based model allowed estimation of parameters within reasonable bounds and with reduced confidence intervals about those values. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. RP Kleiber, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1071/MF01246 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 713ED UT WOS:000184843100008 ER PT J AU Dalzell, P Boggs, CH AF Dalzell, P Boggs, CH TI Pelagic fisheries catching blue and striped marlins in the US Western Pacific islands SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Billfish Symposium CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE catch records; commercial; handline; longline; management; recreation; troll fishing AB Various pelagic fisheries in the US Western Pacific islands capture blue and striped marlins. Total catches by US vessels in the Western Pacific islands amount to about 2000 t for blue marlin and 600 t for striped marlin, or 9% and 5% of the nominal total Pacific-wide catch of these two species, respectively. Catch records for domestic Western Pacific fisheries typically extend over several decades, although in this short communication they are confined to blue and striped marlin catches in the 1990s. There are currently no specific management measures for marlins in the US Western Pacific islands, but other management measures for US pelagic fisheries in this region may have an influence on marlin catches. C1 W Pacific Reg Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dalzell, P (reprint author), W Pacific Reg Fishery Management Council, 1164 Bishop St,Suite 1400, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1071/MF01249 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 713ED UT WOS:000184843100015 ER PT J AU Ortiz, M Prince, ED Serafy, JE Holts, DB Davy, KB Pepperell, JG Lowry, MB Holdsworth, JC AF Ortiz, M Prince, ED Serafy, JE Holts, DB Davy, KB Pepperell, JG Lowry, MB Holdsworth, JC TI Global overview of the major constituent-based billfish tagging programs and their results since 1954 SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Billfish Symposium CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; MOVEMENTS; MARLIN; RATES; TUNA AB Release and recovery files from the world's five major constituent-based billfish (Istiophoridae) tagging programs were assembled into a single composite database. Data sources included the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Cooperative Tagging Center (MIA) in the Atlantic Ocean, the NMFS's Cooperative Billfish Tagging Program (LJA) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Australian Cooperative Tagging Program in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the New Zealand Cooperative Game Fish Tagging Program in the Pacific Ocean, and The Billfish Foundation's (TBF) tagging program in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Results for the main target species, including black marlin (Makaira indica), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) were compared and contrasted based on species, ocean body and tagging program. A total of over 317 000 billfish have been tagged and released, and 4122 have been recovered since 1954. Tag recovery percentages were generally higher for a recently developed double-barb nylon anchor tag compared with the typically used stainless steel dart tag. Greatest distances moved were largest for blue marlin and black marlin, followed by striped marlin, white marlin and sailfish. The TBF program had the highest tag recovery percentages for white marlin (2.4%) and blue marlin (1.7%), whereas the MIA program had the highest percentage recovery for sailfish (1.8%). The LJA program had the highest recovery percentages for black marlin (1.9%) and striped marlin (1.4%). The annual number of releases and recoveries for each target species tended to increase over the time series, particularly during the last decade. Cyclic annual movement patterns and/or seasonal site fidelity were evident for black marlin and white marlin. The data suggest that tag recovery percentages can be affected by tag type, reporting rate, localized fishing activities, outreach activities, and a variety of logistical issues indirectly related to size of ocean body. The efficiencies of the tagging programs are compared and recommendations are made to improve the programs. The composite tagging database provides the opportunity for a more comprehensive evaluation of the data and tagging programs than has previously been possible by examining the individual programs in isolation. The main advantage of constituent-based tagging programs is that large numbers of billfish can be tagged at a minimum cost. The main drawbacks are a lack of control over the tagging event and return of recovery data. Constituent-based tagging programs provide essential data on billfish movement and biology, and should be expanded and improved to meet the increasing need for this information. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Billfish Fdn, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33308 USA. Pepperell Res & Consulting, Caringbah, NSW 2229, Australia. New S Wales Fisheries Res Int, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia. Blue Water Marine Res, Whangarei, New Zealand. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.1071/MF02028 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 713ED UT WOS:000184843100023 ER PT J AU Venizelos, A Sutter, F Serafy, J AF Venizelos, A Sutter, F Serafy, J TI Use of minimum size regulations to achieve reduction targets for marlin landings in the Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Billfish Symposium CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE catch rates; landing size; recreational billfish survey AB Trends in US recreational catch and effort data for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin from 1972 to 2000 are examined. A method for predicting and setting minimum size regulations for this fishery is described. Additionally, this paper re-examines the impact of the most recent minimum size increases on the US recreational fishery for Atlantic marlin. The effectiveness of setting minimum size limits as a primary management approach is discussed, as is the increase in catch and release fishing in the US recreational marlin fishery. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. RP Venizelos, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1071/MF02001 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 713ED UT WOS:000184843100030 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ Frisk, MG Fogarty, MJ AF Miller, TJ Frisk, MG Fogarty, MJ TI Comment on Mollet and Cailliet (2002): confronting models with data SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIFE-HISTORY; EXPLOITATION C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20668 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20668 USA. RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 6 BP 737 EP 738 DI 10.1071/MF02079 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742AK UT WOS:000186492400005 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, LA Cortes, E Parsons, GR Manire, CA AF Lombardi-Carlson, LA Cortes, E Parsons, GR Manire, CA TI Latitudinal variation in life-history traits of bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo, (Carcharhiniformes : Sphyrnidae) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE growing season; growth rate; litter size ID COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; STARSPOTTED DOGFISH; AGE-DETERMINATION; MUSTELUS-MANAZO; GROWING-SEASON; 2 POPULATIONS; 5 LOCALITIES; GROWTH AB Life-history traits (size at age, growth rates, size and age at maturity, size of near-term embryos and litter sizes) of bonnetheads, Sphyrna tiburo, were analysed to test for latitudinal differences by comparing data collected from three areas along Florida's Gulf of Mexico coastline between March 1998 and September 2000. A total of 539 sharks were collected during the study: 207 in north-west Florida (latitude similar to30degreesN), 176 in Tampa Bay (similar to28degreesN) and 156 in Florida Bay (similar to25degreesN). Male and female bonnetheads in north-west Florida had the largest predicted asymptotic sizes (1007 mm and 1398 mm TL, respectively) and attained the largest estimated median size at maturity (830 mm and 944 mm, respectively) and the oldest estimated median age at maturity (3.0+ years and 4.0+ years, respectively). The largest near-term embryos (297 mm TL) were also collected at the highest latitude, but no latitudinal difference in litter size was found. These differences in life-history traits provide supporting evidence that a pattern of latitudinal variation exists. Male and female bonnetheads in north-west Florida also had the fastest growth rate compared with the other locations, supporting the hypothesis that growth rate is inversely related to the length of the growing season (i.e. a pattern of countergradient variation exists). C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Lombardi-Carlson, LA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SEFSC, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 30 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 19 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 7 BP 875 EP 883 DI 10.1071/MF03023 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 752KC UT WOS:000187158800010 ER PT J AU Caldow, C Wellington, GM AF Caldow, C Wellington, GM TI Patterns of annual increment formation in otoliths of pomacentrids in the tropical western Atlantic: implications for population age-structure examination SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE pomacentridae; Stegastes planifrons; Stegastes partitus; longevity; growth; otolith; validation; reef fish ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ANNUAL GROWTH INCREMENTS; THREESPOT DAMSELFISH; MORTALITY-RATES; FISH OTOLITHS; VALIDATION; AUSTRALIA; LONGEVITY; TERRITORIALITY; STEGASTES AB Only recently have managers and scientists begun to collect age and growth information necessary for effective management of tropical marine ichthyofaunal communities. The majority of studies that have taken place in the tropics have focused on the Pacific Ocean, primarily on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. In this study, otoliths were collected from 2 pomacentrids at 5 locations in the tropical western Atlantic, and examined for their ability to provide information on age. The collection sites for these 2 species, Stegastes planifrons and S. partitus, represent different ranges of annual temperature variation. Otoliths were examined for the presence of clear and interpretable increments as well as timing of increment formation. Annual increment quality varied between species and between regions, with the trend being decreasing clarity with decreasing temperature range, However, interpretable increments were discovered in areas with as little as a 3degreesC annual water temperature fluctuation. Marginal increment analysis of S. planifrons otoliths revealed that increments formed on the otoliths were deposited once a year during the spring or early summer, suggesting that pomacentrids in the tropical western Atlantic may be aged using the same techniques as in other tropical regions and temperate environments. Counts of annual increments revealed that S. planifrons was significantly longer-lived than predicted by other methods. Information on age and growth collected for reef fishes in studies such as this should provide managers with the life-history information needed to assess population stability and production. This information will be more difficult to obtain in low-latitude regions of the tropical western Atlantic. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Caldow, C (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4-9251,N-SCI-1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chris.caldow@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 265 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.3354/meps265185 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 771FL UT WOS:000188774900016 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, MF Cole, TVN Clapham, PJ Mate, BR AF Baumgartner, MF Cole, TVN Clapham, PJ Mate, BR TI North Atlantic right whale habitat in the lower Bay of Fundy and on the SW Scotian Shelf during 1999-2001 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena glacialis; distribution; habitat; Calanus finmarchicus; fronts; Gulf of Maine; Roseway basin; AVHRR; SeaWiFS; optical plankton counter ID GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; COPEPOD CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEORGES BANK; NOVA-SCOTIA; SAMPLING ZOOPLANKTON; UNDERSEA TOPOGRAPHY AB Simultaneous visual and oceanographic surveys were conducted in the lower Bay of Fundy and in Roseway Basin of the SW Scotian Shelf during the summers of 1999 to 2001 to investigate the physical and biological oceanographic factors associated with North Atlantic right whale occurrence. Sightings of right whales were recorded along predetermined transects through each region, while both in situ and remotely sensed oceanographic measurements were collected. Sampling with plankton nets and an optical plankton counter confirmed that right whales in these regions feed on Calanus finmarchicus copepodite stage 5 (C5). Spatial variability in right whale occurrence was associated with water depth and the depth of the bottom mixed layer. C. finmarchicus C5 aggregated over the deepest water depths in both regions, and within these areas, right whales occurred where the bottom mixed layer forced discrete layers of C. finmarchicus C5 to occur shallower in the water column (allowing more efficient foraging). Annual increases in right whale occurrence appeared to be associated with decreases in sea surface temperature (SST) in both regions; however, this observation merits caution in light of the short duration of the study (3 yr). There was also evidence to suggest that both spatial and interannual variability in right whale occurrence in Roseway Basin may be associated with SST gradient, a proxy for ocean fronts. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Baumgartner, MF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mbaumgartner@whoi.edu NR 64 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 264 BP 137 EP 154 DI 10.3354/meps264137 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 768QH UT WOS:000188586200012 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, MF Cole, TVN Campbell, RG Teegarden, GJ Durbin, EG AF Baumgartner, MF Cole, TVN Campbell, RG Teegarden, GJ Durbin, EG TI Associations between North Atlantic right whales and their prey, Calanus finmarchicus, over diel and tidal time scales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE right whale; Eubalaena glacialis; Calanus finmarchicus; diel vertical migration; tides; Gulf of Maine; Bay of Fundy; optical plankton counter ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; GREAT SOUTH CHANNEL; BAY-OF-FUNDY; VERTICAL MIGRATION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; SAMPLING ZOOPLANKTON; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; PHALAROPUS-LOBATUS; COPEPOD AB Temporal variability in the distribution and abundance of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their copepod prey, late-stage Calanus finmarchicus, was monitored at an oceanographic station in Grand Manan Basin of the lower Bay of Fundy for 29 h on 2 separate occasions. The vertical distribution of C. finmarchicus was measured at (1)/(2) h intervals with an optical plankton counter (OPC) and at 6 or 12 h intervals with a MOCNESS. Right whale abundance was estimated from periodic point scans. Late-stage C. finmarchicus exhibited diel vertical migration in the upper 100 m of the water column, but the bulk of the population remained at depths below 100 m throughout both the day and night and was likely in diapause. Diet vertical migration is unlikely to be influenced by right whales, but may instead be motivated by abundant, near-surface food resources and avoidance of visual predators. Right whale sighting rate was correlated with OPC-detected C. finmarchicus fifth copepodite (C5) abundance at mid-depths (90-140 m); variability in both right whale sighting rate and C. finmarchicus C5 abundance in this depth stratum appeared to have similar periodicity to that of the tide. Energetic considerations suggest that right whales continue to feed on deep, diapausing layers of C. finmarchicus during the night, but the occasional presence of exploitable near-surface concentrations of C. finmarchicus suggests that nighttime near-surface feeding might sometimes occur. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. St Josephs Coll, D-04084 Mainz, Germany. RP Baumgartner, MF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mbaumgartner@whoi.edu NR 54 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 264 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.3354/meps264155 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 768QH UT WOS:000188586200013 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Kneib, RT Manen, CA AF Peterson, CH Kneib, RT Manen, CA TI Scaling restoration actions in the marine environment to meet quantitative targets of enhanced ecosystem services SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID EARTHS ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Marine, Sapelo Isl, GA 31327 USA. Damage Assessment Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM cpeters@email.unc.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 264 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.3354/meps264173 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 768QH UT WOS:000188586200015 ER PT J AU McCay, DPF Peterson, CH DeAlteris, JT Catena, J AF McCay, DPF Peterson, CH DeAlteris, JT Catena, J TI Restoration that targets function as opposed to structure: replacing lost bivalve production and filtration SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bivalves; loss; limiting factors; natural resource damage assessment; 'North Cape' oil spill; population modeling; restoration ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEAGRASS COVER; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OYSTER REEFS; FOOD WEBS AB Abundant suspension-feeding bivalves have a dominant organizing role in shallow aquatic systems by filtering overlying waters, affecting biogeochemical processing, and diverting production from the water column to the benthos. In degraded aquatic systems where bivalve populations have been reduced, successful restoration of ecosystem functions may be achieved by targeting the revival of bivalve populations. The 'North Cape' oil spill on the coast of Rhode Island (USA) provides an opportunity to demonstrate the feasibility of scaling bivalve restoration to meet quantitative goals of enhanced production. After this oil spill, mortalities of bivalves were estimated by impact assessment modeling of acute toxicity, and results were confirmed by comparisons with counts of dead and moribund animals on local beaches. Computation of lost bivalve production included future production expected from affected animals, had they lived out their expected life spans. This calculation of production forgone required a demographic model that combined age-specific mortality with individual growth. Application of this modeling approach to surf clams Spisula solidissima, the species that comprised 97 % of the total loss of bivalve production from the spill, illustrates the detailed implementation of scaling restoration to match estimates of losses. We consider the factors known to limit abundance and production of surf clams and other marine bivalves (hard clams, American oysters and bay scallops) and review the advantages of hatchery stocking, transplantation, habitat restoration, and reduction of fishing pressure in selecting a reliable and efficient restoration action. Age-specific estimates of the scale of population enhancement required to restore production showed that fewer additional animals were needed when larger (older) animals were added, but at the expense of greater grow-out requirements. Relaxation of fishing was most effective for hard clams. Accurate scaling of restoration was most sensitive to mortality rate, and the most efficient restoration involving seeding of small bivalves would be accomplished using surf clams. Monitoring of the restoration option chosen to compensate for the bivalve loss following the 'North Cape' oil spill can serve to test the underlying demographic assumptions and accuracy of the restoration scaling. C1 Appl Sci Associates, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP McCay, DPF (reprint author), Appl Sci Associates, 70 Dean Knauss Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM dfrench@appsci.com NR 70 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 264 BP 197 EP 212 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 768QH UT WOS:000188586200017 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Bellwood, DR AF Fisher, R Bellwood, DR TI Undisturbed swimming behaviour and nocturnal activity of coral reef fish larvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE reef fish larvae; larval behaviour; swimming activity ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MARINE POPULATIONS; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SELF-RECRUITMENT; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; PELAGIC LARVAE; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; ABILITIES; PATTERNS AB Larval dispersal is shaped by the interaction between oceanographic processes and larval behaviour. To evaluate the potential impact of larval behaviour on this process, we quantified the undisturbed swimming speeds and nocturnal swimming activity of 5 reef fish species throughout their larval phase. We used video techniques to obtain undisturbed observations of swimming behaviour in captive bred larvae. The results conclusively demonstrate that larvae maintain relatively high swimming speeds throughout development. Speeds were consistent among 3 anemonefish species (Amphiprioninae; Amphiprion melanopus, A. percula and Premnas biaculeatus), which swam an average of 3.9 and a maximum of 8.4 body lengths (bl) s(-1). However, differences may exist among taxa in the undisturbed swimming speeds of larvae. Highest speeds were recorded in the damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis (Pomacentridae) and the slowest speeds in the cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Apogonidae). The results support short-duration experimental and in situ evidence of high sustained swimming speeds. However, it is striking that larvae routinely swim at such speeds without external stimuli. The proportion of time larvae spent swimming at night increased rapidly towards the end of the larval phase in all 5 species examined. In addition, the undisturbed swimming speeds of larvae were significantly greater at night than during the day. Patterns of nocturnal activity appear to relate to the active nocturnal settlement behaviour of larvae. The pattern of swimming, and speeds achieved, suggest that an active behavioural mechanism for self-recruitment is well within the capabilities of the reef fish larvae examined. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Marine Biol, Ctr Coral Reef Biodivers, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rebecca.fisher@noaa.gov RI Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011; OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 52 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 263 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.3354/meps263177 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 761UV UT WOS:000187934600016 ER PT J AU Mountain, D Berrien, P Sibunka, J AF Mountain, D Berrien, P Sibunka, J TI Distribution, abundance and mortality of cod and haddock eggs and larvae on Georges Bank in 1995 and 1996 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE cod; haddock; larvae; mortality ID MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; SURVIVAL; STOCKS; FISH AB The eggs and larvae of developing year-classes for cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melogrammus aeglefinus on Georges Bank were sampled during monthly surveys in the winter and spring of 1995 and 1996. The distribution and abundance of the age groups or cohorts within the egg and larval populations were estimated during each survey. The displacement of the cohorts between surveys was largely consistent with advection by the climatological circulation pattern. Egg mortality rates, calculated from the decrease in seasonal total abundance of early and later stage eggs, were 14 and 12 % d(-1) for cod and 12 and 11 % d(-1) for haddock in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Larval mortality rates, calculated from the decrease in the abundance of larval cohorts between surveys, ranged from 3 to 9 % d(-1) for cod and 7 to 14 % d(-1) for haddock, with no evident difference in the rate between the 2 yr. Variability in the larval mortality rate estimates did not exhibit a temporal pattern, suggesting that mortality was chronic and not dominated by events that caused particularly high or low mortality. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mountain, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmountai@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 263 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.3354/meps263247 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 761UV UT WOS:000187934600021 ER PT J AU Caldarone, EM Onge-Burns, JMS Buckley, LJ AF Caldarone, EM Onge-Burns, JMS Buckley, LJ TI Relationship of RNA/DNA ratio and temperature to growth in larvae of atlantic cod Gadus morhua SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE RNA/DNA ratio; growth; cod; larvae; temperature effects ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; JUVENILE SUMMER FLOUNDER; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NUCLEIC-ACID CONTENT; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT AB The RNA, DNA, and protein content of larval cod Gadus morhua reared in the laboratory at 3 temperatures and 3 densities of prey was measured. The data were used to define a quantitative relationship between RNA/DNA ratio (R/D), water temperature (T), and protein-specific growth rate (SGR, % d(-1)). The nucleic acid content of each larva was determined with both a 2-dye flow-injection fluorometric assay (FIA) and a 1-dye/1-enzyme fluorometric microplate assay (MFA) in order to calibrate each methodology. The resulting equations were: SGR = 3.65 R/D + 1.02 T - 13.05 for FIA, and SGR = 4.03 R/D + 0.88 T - 11.16 for MFA. Measured growth rates ranged from negative (-8 % d(-1)) to 20 % d(-1). Water temperature and larval R/D explained 37 to 39 % of the variability in the observed growth rate. The models are applicable over temperatures ranging from 2,5 to 9.5degreesC and can be used to determine short-term growth rates of cod larvae collected from both the laboratory and field. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI NOAA CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Caldarone, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM elaine.caldarone@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 262 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.3354/meps262229 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 751TG UT WOS:000187082600019 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Friedland, KD Clarke, LM AF Wells, BK Friedland, KD Clarke, LM TI Increment patterns in otoliths and scales from mature Atlantic salmon Salmo salar SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; otolith; scale; growth ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; FISH OTOLITHS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE SALMON; METABOLIC-RATE; MICROSTRUCTURE; WIDTH; STARVATION; ENDOLYMPH AB This is the first work to note a similarity in increment patterns between otoliths and scales up to maturation, helping to understand better the biological and physical mechanisms guiding otolith and scale growth and increment formation. We demonstrate, with returning 1- and 2-sea winter Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, that transverse otolith thin sections to the core expose increments that represent seasonal growth during the marine phase. These increments are similar to those that form on scales, albeit with greater increment-width variability. From cage-reared fish, we noted that the number of increments on otoliths and scales formed during the period of marine residence is the same, and that the average mean deposition-time is slightly over 1 wk in the first year and ca. 2 wk in the second year. C1 Univ Massachusetts, NOAA, CMER Program, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Wells, BK (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brian.wells@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 262 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.3354/meps262293 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 751TG UT WOS:000187082600026 ER PT J AU Posey, MH Alphin, TD Meyer, DL Johnson, JM AF Posey, MH Alphin, TD Meyer, DL Johnson, JM TI Benthic communities of common reed Phragmites australis and marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora marshes in Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phragmites australis; Spartina alterniflora; benthos; invasive species; Chesapeake Bay; marsh topography ID OLIGOHALINE TIDAL MARSHES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS L; TEXAS SALT-MARSH; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; NEKTON USE; INFAUNAL COMMUNITIES; NATANT MACROFAUNA; NORTH-CAROLINA; NEW-JERSEY; FISH AB Invasive species are receiving increased attention both for their direct effects, including competitive displacement and predator-prey interactions, and indirect effects involving ecosystem and habitat alterations. The common reed Phragmites australis is spreading along much of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA. Its spread is particularly apparent in disturbed oligohaline to mesohaline areas, where it may displace the marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Because of the different morphologies of these plants, associated sediment effects, and differences in biogeochemical cycling, there is the potential for significant faunal community changes where macrophyte species replacement occurs. We conducted a study in the mesohaline region of Chesapeake Bay to examine differences between benthic communities associated with S. alterniflora and F australis marshes. Paired P. australis and S. alterniflora marshes were sampled at 4 sites in summer and 2 sites in fall, blocking for tidal height (high marsh versus low marsh) and small-scale topographic features (rivulet and hummock areas in each marsh type). Sediment grain size did not differ between marsh types, and percent organics differed only for P. australis hummock sites compared to other habitat types. Benthic microalgal biomass also did not differ among marsh types. There was only a small effect on faunal abundance patterns, with most species exhibiting slightly higher mean density in Spartina compared to adjacent Phragmites marshes. Much stronger differences in faunal density were observed between hummocks and adjacent rivulets within each marsh type. While macrophyte type had a detectable effect, local microhabitat characteristics had a stronger relation to local faunal abundance patterns. Since such microhabitat characteristics may covary with macrophyte type (although they did not do so in this study), care must be taken in the design and interpretation of comparative marsh studies and more emphasis should be given to including relations of small-scale topographic features with faunal characteristics. In this system and on the scale studied here, macrophyte replacement did not strongly affect the benthic infaunal community. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Posey, MH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM poseym@uncw.edu NR 46 TC 27 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 261 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.3354/meps261051 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 745TN UT WOS:000186704400004 ER PT J AU Zamon, JE AF Zamon, JE TI Mixed species aggregations feeding upon herring and sandlance schools in a nearshore archipelago depend on flooding tidal currents SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE tidal currents; physical-biological coupling; predator-prey dynamics; seabirds; herring; sandlance; San Juan Islands ID PLANKTIVOROUS REEF FISH; SAN-JUAN ISLANDS; CHROMIS-CHRYSURUS POMACENTRIDAE; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; RHINOCEROS AUKLET; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WASHINGTON; CHANNEL; ECOLOGY; FRONTS AB Tidal rips and jets are common features associated with archipelagos and complex coastlines. In habitats where rips and jets develop, energy flow to piscivorous predators is hypothesized to be strongly associated with tidal phase due to interactions between currents, plankton, and schooling planktivorous fishes (the 'tidal coupling hypothesis'). This study tests 1 component of the tidal coupling hypothesis, that the feeding activity of piscivorous predators and the availability of planktivorous fishes are both strongly associated with the same tidal phase. During 1994 to 1997, 1 made visual counts of actively feeding, mixed-species seabird flocks and hydroacoustic measurements of the relative abundance and distribution of schooling fishes. Median feeding activity, median backscatter m(-1) transect, and median prey encounter probabilities were greatest during the tidal periods Slow flood 1 and Fast flood. Positive feeding anomalies and positive prey-encounter anomalies were significantly associated with tidal flood phases, but positive backscatter anomalies were not. The results support the tidal-coupling hypothesis, but suggest that changes in the distribution or behavior of schooling fish are as important as, if not more important than, changes in relative fish abundance when determining prey availability and predator foraging-success. The data show that tidal currents can play an important role in structuring nearshore predator-prey interactions. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Zamon, JE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pt Adams Field Stn, POB 155,520 Heceta Pl, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. EM jen.zamon@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 261 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.3354/meps261243 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 745TN UT WOS:000186704400019 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Dietz, R Hobbs, RC Jorgensen, OA AF Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Dietz, R Hobbs, RC Jorgensen, OA TI Deep-diving by narwhals Monodon monoceros: differences in foraging behavior between wintering areas? SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Narwhal; diving behavior; migration; arctic; foraging; Baffin Bay ID BELUGAS DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BAFFIN-ISLAND; SEA-ICE; MOVEMENTS; SUMMER; TRENDS; BAY; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS AB Variation in resource selection among sub-populations may elucidate differences in fitness and life history strategies. Specifically for top marine predators, differences in movements and behavior may result from responses to variation in a patchy, dynamic environment, Satellite-linked time-depth recorders (SLTDRs) were used to examine differences in narwhal Monodon monoceros diving behavior and habitat selection among 3 sub-populations in Canada and West Greenland (n = 16 individuals). The number of dives to different depths and time allocation within the water column was investigated in 3 seasons, with a focus on 2 discrete wintering grounds in Baffin Bay. Diving parameters were calculated from binned dive data and analyzed using repeated-measures mixed models accounting for temporal autocorrelation and individual variability. The number of surface dives (0 to 50 m) and time at the surface declined between summer and winter. Clear differences were observed between 2 wintering grounds. Whales occupying one wintering ground spent most of their time diving to between 200 and 400 m (25 dives per day, SE 3), confirmed by both depth and temperature recording tags. In contrast, narwhals in a separate wintering ground spent less time at shallow depths and most of their time diving to at least 800 m (13 to 26 dives per day, SE 1 to 3). A model of occupancy time at depth showed that whales making multiple daily deep dives spent over 3 h at >800 m (SD 0.6) and traveled 13 min (SD 1) per round trip to reach this depth, Whales diving to between 200 and 400 m spent approximately 2.5 h (SD 0.4) at this depth, traveling 5 min per round trip. The observed differences in time allocation and dive behavior indicate local variation between the 2 wintering grounds in the Baffin Bay ecosystem. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arct Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. AFSC, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kristin.laidre@noaa.gov RI Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015 NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 261 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.3354/meps261269 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 745TN UT WOS:000186704400021 ER PT J AU Hermsen, JM Collie, JS Valentine, PC AF Hermsen, JM Collie, JS Valentine, PC TI Mobile fishing gear reduces benthic megafaunal production on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE benthic communities; benthic production; fishing impacts; habitat disturbance; scallop dredging ID SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MARINE RESERVES; DISTURBANCE; IMPACTS; MACROFAUNA; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; BAY AB This study addresses the effect of mobile fishing gear disturbance on benthic megafaunal production on the gravel pavement of northern Georges Bank. From 1994 to 2000, we sampled benthic megafauna with a 1 m Naturalists' dredge at shallow (47 to 62 m) and deep (80 to 90 m) sites. The cessation of fishing in large areas of Georges Bank in January 1995 allowed us to monitor changes in production at a previously disturbed site. Production at a shallow disturbed site varied little over the sampling period (32 to 57 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)) and was markedly lower than production at the nearby recovering site, where production increased from 17 kcal m(-2) yr(-1) in 1994 before the closure to 215 kcal m(-2) yr(-1) in 2000. Atlantic sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus and green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis dominated production at the recovering site. The community production:biomass ratio decreased over time at the recovering site as the sea scallop population matured. At the deep sites, production remained significantly higher at undisturbed sites (174 to 256 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)) than at disturbed sites (30 to 52 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)). The soft-bodied tube-building polychaete Thelepus cincinnatus dominated production at the undisturbed site, while hard-shelled bivalve molluscs Astarte spp. and P. magellanicus were prevalent at the disturbed site. Mobile fishing gear disturbance has a conspicuous effect on benthic megafaunal production in this hard-bottom habitat. Cessation of mobile fishing has resulted in a marked increase in benthic megafaunal production. These findings should help fishery managers to gauge the costs and benefits of management tools such as area closures and low-impact fishing gears. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hermsen, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, Fishery Stat Off, 1 Blackburn Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM jerome.hermsen@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 260 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.3354/meps260097 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 740UT UT WOS:000186420500008 ER PT J AU van Montfrans, J Ryer, CH Orth, RJ AF van Montfrans, J Ryer, CH Orth, RJ TI Substrate selection by blue crab Callinectes sapidus megalopae and first juvenile instars SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE blue crab; megalopae; first juvenile instar; habitat selection; Zostera marina; Crassostrea virginica; sand; mud ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; ENDOGENOUS SWIMMING RHYTHMS; ESTUARINE CUES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DELAWARE BAY; YORK-RIVER; PLANKTONIC AVAILABILITY; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; NURSERY HABITATS; YOUNG JUVENILES AB Various marine and estuarine species utilize chemical cues during settlement. We investigated responses by megalopae and first juvenile (J1) blue crabs to common Chesapeake Bay substrates in mesocosm and field experiments. Mesocosm trials examined responses of megalopae or J1 crabs to sand, marsh mud, live oysters Crassostrea virginica, sun-bleached oyster shell, eel grass Zostera marina and artificial seagrass in replicate 160 l tanks. Either 10 megalopae or J1 crabs isolated in each of 6 substrates were allowed total access after acclimation to test the null hypothesis of equal distribution among substrates after 13 h. Thirty-five percent of megalopae were recovered from Z. marina, with the remaining substrates containing fewer than half that many. In contrast, 30 % of J1 crabs (with only 17 % recovered from Z. marina) were found in live C. virginica. A field experiment quantified responses of ingressing megalopae to Z, marina, marsh mud, and C. virginica. Overnight settlement was significantly higher in Z. marina ((x) over bar = 3.3 ind.; 60 % of total) when compared to mud ((x) over bar = 0.9; 16 %) or C. virginica ((x) over bar = 1.3; 24 %). Likewise, J1 crabs were significantly more numerous in Z. marina ((x) over bar = 3.7 ind.; 55 % of total) than in C. virginica ((x) over bar = 1.8; 27 %) and mud ((x) over bar = 1.2; 18 %). J1 crab distribution in field plots likely reflected habitat selection by megalopae; laboratory results were equivocal and probably due to artifacts associated with density-dependent agonism. The initial non-random distribution of blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay may be deterministic and due to habitat-selection behavior by megalopae. Selection for seagrass assures the greatest likelihood of maximal survival and accelerated growth. Similar relationships may also exist in estuarine-dependent species with comparable habitat requirements and life-history characteristics. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Eco, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP van Montfrans, J (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM vanm@vims.edu NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 260 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps260209 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 740UT UT WOS:000186420500018 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MC Cowen, RK Able, KW Fahay, MP AF Sullivan, MC Cowen, RK Able, KW Fahay, MP TI Effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbance on a recently settled continental shelf flatfish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dredging; juvenile fish; Limanda ferruginea; disturbance; New York Bight; nursery habitat; storms; submersible ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; NEW-ENGLAND SHELF; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; DIFFERENT HABITATS; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; FISHING DISTURBANCE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AB Concern over essential fish habitat characterization and conservation has directed attention toward the potential impact of mobile fishing gear on benthic ecosystems. However, previous findings do not necessarily extend to all environments, life stages, and/or gear types. The juvenile stage of benthic marine fishes is one such life stage that may be sensitive to disturbance. We examined the impact of commercial scallop dredge gear on a recently settled, continental shelf fish within the context of a sand sediment, storm-dominated system, the New York Bight. From June 1999 to July 2000, experimental manipulations with spatially replicated control-impact effects were used to investigate the immediate and longer-term consequences of a dredging event on young-of-the-year (YOY) yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea and its benthic nursery habitat. Contrary to expectation, L. ferruginea abundance did not decrease significantly immediately after dredging. Rather, at high-density sites, continued recruitment generated increases of smaller individuals across treatments. A significant decrease of older YOY L. ferruginea and available benthic prey was observed 3 mo later following a series of major natural perturbations (Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Gert). Using concomitant buoy data, we also examined the physical regime of the region as it relates to important benthic settlement windows. Increased levels of natural disturbance during the fall and winter months appeared to play a critical role in shaping inner-mid-shelf seafloor architecture, effectively obscuring any longer term dredge-related signals. The results, overall, tend to highlight the vulnerability of New York Bight shelf habitats to multiple forms of disturbance. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Sullivan, MC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM msullivan@rsmas.miami.edu NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 260 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps260237 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 740UT UT WOS:000186420500020 ER PT J AU Stevick, PT Allen, J Clapham, PJ Friday, N Katona, SK Larsen, F Lien, J Mattila, DK Palsboll, PJ Sigurjonsson, J Smith, TD Oien, N Hammond, PS AF Stevick, PT Allen, J Clapham, PJ Friday, N Katona, SK Larsen, F Lien, J Mattila, DK Palsboll, PJ Sigurjonsson, J Smith, TD Oien, N Hammond, PS TI North Atlantic humpback whale abundance and rate of increase four decades after protection from whaling SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; population increase; humpback whale; capture-recapture ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; RECAPTURE; MIGRATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the North Atlantic Ocean were severely depleted by exploitation. With legal protection since 1955, substantial recovery is likely to have occurred, but information on abundance and rates of increase has been limited. We present an assessment of humpback whale abundance in the North Atlantic Ocean based upon capture-recapture estimates using naturally marked individuals. These data result from a long-term collaborative effort combining large-scale dedicated projects and incidental data collection, leading to extensive geographical coverage. The application of robust statistical techniques produces estimates of greater accuracy and precision than has previously been possible. Abundance estimates ranging from 5930 to 12 580 individuals, with coefficients of variation (CVs) from 0.07 to 0.39, were calculated for the West Indies breeding population using data from 1979 to 1993. The most precise estimate for the West Indies breeding population is 10 752 (CV = 0.068) for 1992 and 1993. Due to application of new analytical methods, these estimates are larger and more precise than those previously published from similar time periods. The average rate of increase for the West Indies breeding population over a 14 yr period was estimated to be 0.031 (SE = 0.005). The best available estimate for the entire North Atlantic population of humpback whales is 11570 (95% CI 10 290 to 13 390) based upon samples from 1992 and 1993. However, this estimate may be biased downwards to an unknown extent due to heterogeneity in capture probabilities that do not influence the West Indies estimates. C1 Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NMFS, AFSC, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Biopsychol Programme & Ocean Sci Ctr, St Johns, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. Ctr Coastal Studies, Provinetown, MA 02657 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Populat Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Stevick, PT (reprint author), POB 93, Rockport, ME 04856 USA. EM peterstevick@aol.com RI Palsboll, Per /G-6988-2011 OI Palsboll, Per /0000-0002-4198-7599 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 258 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.3354/meps258263 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 725UM UT WOS:000185560800025 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW AF Stoner, AW TI What constitutes essential nursery habitat for a marine species? A case study of habitat form and function for queen conch SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE essential fish habitat; habitat mapping; habitat management; seagrass; recruitment; Strombus gigas ID STROMBUS-GIGAS LINNE; CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; NORTHEASTERN US ESTUARIES; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; DEEP-WATER HABITATS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; WINTER FLOUNDER; CENTRAL BAHAMAS AB There is increasing recognition that habitats should be managed as part of fisheries management. It is generally assumed that amount of suitable habitat is linked to production of demersal species and that maps of bottom type will provide the information needed to conserve essential habitats. In this review, a synthesis of nursery habitat is made for Strombus gigas (queen conch), a large, economically important gastropod in the Caribbean region. Juveniles occur on a variety of bottom types over their geographic range. In the Bahamas, nurseries occur in specific locations within large, beds of seagrass, while obvious characteristics of the benthic environment such as seagrass density, depth and sediment type are not good predictors of suitable habitat. Rather, nurseries persist where competent larvae are concentrated by tidal circulation and where settlement occurs selectively. Nursery locations provide for high juvenile growth resulting from macroalgal production not evident in maps of algal biomass, and they provide for low mortality compared with seemingly similar surroundings. Therefore, critical habitats for queen conch juveniles are determined by the intersection of habitat features and ecological processes that combine to yield high rates of recruitment and survivorship. While maps of bottom type are a good beginning for habitat management, they can be traps without good knowledge of ecological processes. A demersal species can occupy different substrata over its geographic range, different life stages often depend upon different bottom types, and specific locations can be more important than particular habitat forms. Habitat management must be designed to conserve habitat function and not just form. Implicit in the concept of 'essential habitat' is the fact that expendable habitat exists, and we need to prevent losses of working habitat because of inadequate protection, restoration or mitigation. Key nurseries may represent distinctive or even anomalous conditions. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov NR 129 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 257 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps257275 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 717BJ UT WOS:000185065500025 ER PT J AU Mills, KE Fonseca, MS AF Mills, KE Fonseca, MS TI Mortality and productivity of eelgrass Zostera marina under conditions of experimental burial with two sediment types SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seagrass; Zostera marina; mortality; productivity; burial; deposition; sediment type ID THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; NORTH-CAROLINA; SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES; GROWTH; BEAUFORT; BIOMASS; SULFIDE; BAY; USA AB Mortality and productivity of Zostera marina L. were assessed to examine the effects of experimental burial using 2 types of sediment: (1) sand (6 and 0.2 % silt-clay and organic matter content, respectively); and (2) silt (27 and 3.3 % silt-clay and organic matter content, respectively). Z. marina was buried to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of its average aboveground height (16 cm) in an existing eelgrass bed using 2 types of sediment characterized as either silty or sandy. Increasing percentages of plant burial significantly increased mortality and decreased productivity. Survival and productivity of eelgrass were substantially reduced when only 25 % of the plant height was buried. Plants buried 75 % or more of their height were characterized by survival and productivity measures of 0. No statistically significant differences in plant mortality or productivity were found between the 2 sediment types in this experiment. Changes in morphology of the plants were detected in measures of leaf length and surface area in a short duration (12 d) trial of the experiment, apparently in response to senescence, but etiolation was not observed. Results of this experiment indicate Z marina can only tolerate rapid sedimentation events that cover less than half of its photosynthetic surfaces. Furthermore, the lowest levels of burial treatments (25 % of plant height) resulted in mortality greater than 50 %, indicating that even this small level of rapid sedimentation is significantly detrimental to Z marina. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Mills, KE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kem21@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 255 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.3354/meps255127 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 703FD UT WOS:000184268600010 ER PT J AU Manderson, JP Pessutti, J Meise, C Johnson, D Shaheen, P AF Manderson, JP Pessutti, J Meise, C Johnson, D Shaheen, P TI Winter flounder settlement dynamics and the modification of settlement patterns by post-settlement processes in a NW Atlantic estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dynamic habitat; nursery; supply side processes; post-settlement processes ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; WESTERN WADDEN SEA; CORAL-REEF FISHES; TEMPERATE DEMERSAL FISH; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; 0-GROUP PLAICE; RHODE-ISLAND; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE AB For fishes with bipartite life cycles, locations of high quality nursery grounds are determined by processes controlling larval supply as well as those affecting early juvenile mortality and emigration, From April through June 2000, distributions of settling and early juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus were measured to examine how pre- and post-settlement processes determine the location of the primary nursery ground in the Navesink River/Sandy Hook Bay estuarine system (NSBES), New Jersey. The settlement pattern, measured with fine mesh (3 mm) traps that captured flounder less than or equal to 8 d into the post-metamorphic age but excluded predators and prevented emigration, was spatially dynamic. Fish settled on organically rich substrata (organic content = 5 to 12% by weight) 2 wk earlier in the Navesink River (mid-April through mid-May) than on similar substrata just 15 km downstream in Sandy Hook Bay (May through mid-June). Local retention mechanisms combined with spatial variation in spring warming, which probably affected larval-stage durations, appeared to be responsible for the dynamic settlement pattern. To determine whether spatial patterns of flounder settlement were dramatically altered by post-settlement processes, we compared settler supply (measured using traps) with juvenile distributions (measured using beam trawls, which do not prevent post-settlement mortality and emigration). The index of settler supply explained 95%, of the variation in juvenile abundance patterns in the Navesink River (p < 0.001) where larger juveniles > 20 mm standard length were commonly trawled. However, larger juveniles were nearly absent in Sandy Hook Bay, where juvenile distributions were not related to settlement (r(2) = 0.15, p = 0.31). Thus, the upstream distribution of juvenile winter flounder in the NSBES, which is similar to that observed in other estuarine nurseries, appeared to be produced by the rapid modification of settlement patterns by post-settlement processes. However, pre-settlement processes that produce spatial variation in the timing of settlement could affect the ways in which settlement patterns are modified by age, time and/or size dependent post-settlement processes. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Proc Div, Behav Ecol Branch,James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Manderson, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Proc Div, Behav Ecol Branch,James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM john.manderson@noaa.gov NR 96 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 253 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.3354/meps253253 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 689JE UT WOS:000183487200023 ER PT J AU Peck, MA Buckley, LJ Caldarone, EM Bengtson, DA AF Peck, MA Buckley, LJ Caldarone, EM Bengtson, DA TI Effects of food consumption and temperature on growth rate and biochemical-based indicators of growth in early juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE age-0 juvenile; cod; haddock; feeding; growth; RNA : DNA ID CLASS STRENGTH; FISH SIZE; SURVIVAL; FLOUNDER; LARVAL; RNA; PATTERNS; RATIONS AB The relationship between the somatic growth rate (G) and feeding level (unfed, intermediate, and maximum rations) of age-0 juvenile cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus was quantified at different temperatures. Laboratory trials were conducted using 2 size-classes of cod (16 to 5.6 cm standard length [SL], and 8.1 to 12.4 cm SL) at 5, 8, 12, and 15degreesC, and 1 size-class of haddock (6.0 to 9.6 cm SL) at 8 and 12degreesC. The shape of the growth-feeding relationship was well described by a 3-parameter asymptotic function for cod and by a linear function for haddock (R 2 range = 0.837 to 0.966). The growth rate and scope for growth were maximum at 12degreesC, whereas growth efficiency was greatest (26.0 to 32.2%) at temperatures between 5 and 8degreesC. Juvenile cod held at 15degreesC exhibited reduced rates and efficiencies of somatic growth compared to fish at other temperatures. Biochemical-based growth indicators for age-0 juveniles were calibrated from measurements of the amounts of RNA, DNA, and protein in white muscle samples. A multiple linear regression using RNA:DNA and temperature as independent variables explained a significant portion of the variability observed in G of juvenile cod (R-2 = 0.716) and haddock (R-2 = 0.637). This relationship may be useful in estimating recent growth of age-0 juvenile cod and haddock in the field. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI, NOAA,CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Peck, MA (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Res, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM myron.peck@uni-hamburg.de RI Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 251 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps251233 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679JP UT WOS:000182917300020 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Holmquist, JG AF Uhrin, AV Holmquist, JG TI Effects of propeller scarring on macrofaunal use of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE propeller scarring; edge; seagrass; Thalassia testudinum; decapoda; shrimp; fish; molluscs ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ARTIFICIAL SEAGRASS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; BOAT MOORINGS; FOREST EDGES; FLORIDA BAY AB Propeller scarring within seagrass beds is common in shallow coastal waters, Scarring has the potential to fragment seagrass beds, resulting in habitat loss, decreased productivity, and the possibility for further erosion and degradation. We conducted a study in Thalassia testudinum beds in Puerto Rico to determine whether seagrass macrofauna are affected by this disturbance. Four sampling zones (propeller scar, seagrass-scar interface, homogeneous seagrass located 5 m from the scar, and homogeneous seagrass located 10 m from the scar) were compared among 10 replicate seagrass beds. Scarring modified faunal assemblages at the scale of the propeller scar; there was significantly lower total macrofaunal abundance and fewer species in scars. When individual taxa were considered, shrimp and mollusc abundances were lower in scars compared to the other sampling zones. Resident fish abundance was not significantly different among zones. Dominant shrimp species in scars differed from seagrass zones. Crabs and molluscs responded negatively to scarring as indicated by significantly lower densities of these 2 taxa up to 5 m from scars. The extent to which these results 'scale up' remains unknown and future studies should focus on larger, more intensely scarred areas. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Calif, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez Campus,POB 908, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. EM amy.uhrin@noaa.gov RI Holmquist, Jeffrey/H-3188-2011 OI Holmquist, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3198-6338 NR 73 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 250 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.3354/meps250061 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 678EG UT WOS:000182851600006 ER PT J AU Kellison, GT Eggleston, DB Taylor, JC Burke, JS Osborne, JA AF Kellison, GT Eggleston, DB Taylor, JC Burke, JS Osborne, JA TI Pilot evaluation of summer flounder stock enhancement potential using experimental ecology SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE stock enhancement; summer flounder; hatchery; wild; growth; predation; survival ID PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; TOTTORI PREFECTURE; NURSERY AREAS; COASTAL AREA; HATCHERY; FISHES; OLIVACEUS; SURVIVAL; SALMON AB Stock enhancement is receiving increasing attention as a management tool to rebuild depleted fisheries. Unfortunately, proactive studies addressing the potential of stock enhancement to accomplish management goals prior to the implementation of enhancement efforts are uncommon. We outline an ecologically based, pilot protocol with which to address the potential of fisheries stock enhancement using hatchery-reared (HR) organisms, through trial releases coupled with laboratory and field experiments with juvenile summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus. Released HR fish did not persist in nursery habitats in which wild fish enjoyed relatively long residence times and high survival. Multiple lines of observations and evidence suggest that the relatively rapid disappearance of released HR fish was not a result of emigration. Caging and tethering trials, coupled with previously obtained behavioral data, suggest that the poor performance of HR fish in this study was a result of increased susceptibility to predation-induced mortality, as compared with wild fish. These results suggest that post-release survival of HR summer flounder might be increased by (1) improving methods of predator-conditioning, (2) releasing HR fish in sites that serve as natural refuges from predators, or (3) releasing fish at larger sizes. While poor post-release survival of HR summer flounder may limit the success of stock enhancement efforts with this species, we suggest that conclusions regarding the potential of stock enhancement as a management tool can only be made if biological information is coupled with economic information to predict economic costs associated with stock enhancement relative to costs associated with alternative management approaches. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort LAb, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kellison, GT (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Biscayne Natl Pk,9700 SW 328th St, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. EM todd_kellison@nps.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 250 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.3354/meps250263 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 678EG UT WOS:000182851600023 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Peterson, WT Emmett, RL AF Morgan, CA Peterson, WT Emmett, RL TI Onshore-offshore variations in copepod community structure off the Oregon coast during the summer upwelling season SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE community structure; copepod distributions; nonmetric multidimensional scaling; Oregon ID DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ASSEMBLAGES; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM; NINA AB During the summer of 1994, 1996, and 1997, we conducted hydrographic and plankton surveys of the upper 70 in in the nearshore, the continental shelf, and off-shelf oceanic waters off Oregon, USA. Copepod densities and biomass were estimated along 4 transects from each cruise. The on-shelf copepod biomass was 2.8 times greater than off-shelf biomass. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling identified an on-shelf and an off-shelf copepod community. The change in community composition usually occurred at or slightly offshore of the continental shelf break, defined here as 180 in water depth. Indicator-species analysis identified the subarctic neritic species, Calanus marshallae, Pseudocalanus mimus, and Acartia longiremis, as good indicators of continental shelf waters. 'Warm water' species Mesocalanus tenuicornis, Calocalanus styliremis, Clausocalanus spp., and Ctenocalanus vanus were indicators of off-shelf waters. The copepod communities off the coast of Oregon during the summer upwelling season reflect the origins of the dominating currents within each habitat. The coastal copepod community is subarctic neritic in origin, consistent with southward coastal flows. The offshore copepod community is a mixture of species with origins in the Transition Zone as well as species that are typical of the coastal region of the California Current off central and southern California. We speculate that the central and southern California Current species are present in offshore waters of Oregon in summer because they are transported north with the Davidson Current in winter but, with the initiation of the upwelling season in spring, they are transported into offshore waters where they establish viable populations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cheryl.morgan@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 249 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps249223 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664WF UT WOS:000182086100019 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Thomas, RE Lilly, MR Rice, SD AF Carls, MG Thomas, RE Lilly, MR Rice, SD TI Mechanism for transport of oil-contaminated groundwater into pink salmon redds SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE intertidal groundwater; hydraulic gradient; contaminant transport; habitat damage; pink salmon; egg contamination; PAH ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY; FISH EMBRYOS; SPILL; DAMAGE; HYDROCARBONS; SENSITIVITY AB Groundwater movement from oil-contaminated intertidal beaches to surface and subsurface water of salmon streams in Prince William Sound, Alaska, was studied to determine if transport of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons to incubating pink salmon eggs (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was plausible. Beaches surrounding 31 % of the streams in the Sound were extensively oiled in 1989; salmon egg mortality was elevated even though little oil was observed in stream gravel. In 2000, fluorescent tracer dyes injected into 2 of these beaches during ebb tides were subsequently observed throughout most of the intertidal portion of each watershed, including surface and subsurface (hyporheic) stream water. Mean horizontal groundwater flow was rapid through the porous gravel (4 to 7 m h(-1)) and was driven by hydraulic gradients within beach groundwater. When different dyes were simultaneously released at ebb tide on opposite sides of a stream, each dye was detected in the beach opposite release within the first tidal ebb. Dye was moved vertically upward at least 0.5 m by subsequent incoming tides. Thus, tidal cycles and resultant hydraulic gradients provide a mechanism for groundwater transport of soluble and slightly soluble contaminants (such as oil) from beaches surrounding streams into the hyporheic zone where pink salmon eggs incubate. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. GW Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 248 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.3354/meps248245 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 659GX UT WOS:000181769500019 ER EF