FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Rich, DR
   Bowman, JD
   Crawford, BE
   Delheij, PPJ
   Espy, MA
   Haseyama, T
   Jones, G
   Keith, CD
   Knudson, J
   Leuschner, MB
   Masaike, A
   Masuda, Y
   Matsuda, Y
   Penttila, SI
   Pomeroy, VR
   Smith, DA
   Snow, WM
   Szymanski, JJ
   Stephenson, SL
   Thompson, AK
   Yuan, V
AF Rich, DR
   Bowman, JD
   Crawford, BE
   Delheij, PPJ
   Espy, MA
   Haseyama, T
   Jones, G
   Keith, CD
   Knudson, J
   Leuschner, MB
   Masaike, A
   Masuda, Y
   Matsuda, Y
   Penttila, SI
   Pomeroy, VR
   Smith, DA
   Snow, WM
   Szymanski, JJ
   Stephenson, SL
   Thompson, AK
   Yuan, V
TI A measurement of the absolute neutron beam polarization produced by an
   optically pumped He-3 neutron spin filter
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
   SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron polarization; polarized He-3; neutron decay
ID GAS; SCATTERING; RELAXATION; ENERGIES; TARGET; DECAY; TESTS; C-10; RB
AB The capability of performing accurate absolute measurements of neutron beam polarization opens a number of exciting opportunities in fundamental neutron physics and in neutron scattering. At the LANSCE pulsed neutron source we have measured the neutron beam polarization with an absolute accuracy of 0.3% in the neutron energy range from 40 meV to 10 eV using an optically pumped polarized He-3 spin filter and a relative transmission measurement technique. He-3 was polarized using the Rb spin-exchange method. We describe the measurement technique, present our results, and discuss some of the systematic effects associated with the method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
   Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 60601, Japan.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Rich, DR (reprint author), Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA.
RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008
OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791
NR 60
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 481
IS 1-3
BP 431
EP 453
AR PII S0168-9002(01)01331-6
DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01331-6
PG 23
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 550KR
UT WOS:000175502700042
ER

PT J
AU Gill, TE
   Gillette, DA
   Niemeyer, T
   Winn, RT
AF Gill, TE
   Gillette, DA
   Niemeyer, T
   Winn, RT
TI Elemental geochemistry of wind-erodible playa sediments, Owens Lake,
   California
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on PIXE and its Analytical Applications
CY JUN 08-12, 2001
CL GUELPH, CANADA
SP Element Anal Corp, Brigham Yourn Univ, Natl Electrostat Inc, Univ Guelph, Univ Missouri Columbia, Oxford Microbeams
DE PIXE; sediment; aerosols
AB Wind erosion of the dried bed (playa) of Owens Lake, California is an extremely intense source of mineral aerosol, transporting dust hundreds of Hometers downwind to critical ecological areas and several cities. A dust-producing site on the playa was studied over a four-year period to document the processes associated with aerosol emission. The playa takes on a variety of sedimentary forms and phases with surface crusts of differing susceptibilities to wind erosion. The sediments are classed into three general categories based on appearance: soft (saline), loose with drifting sand (salt-silt-clay), and hard and clean (silt-clay). Sediment samples were collected over a two-year period as the study site cycled through all three crust types, and the samples were crushed and analyzed by PIXE. The results indicate that visual appearance and sedimentary structure does not correlate with elemental composition. All sediment types contain significant concentrations of various elements including sodium, calcium and silicon. Potentially toxic trace elements are also found in the sediments. All sediment types contain lead and/or arsenic in tens of parts per million, as well as various other heavy metals. Pb and As levels do not clearly correlate with salt content or sediment type. Arsenic levels may be slightly higher in the crusts with loose material present and potentially lower in the clean hard crusts, while Pb was least frequently detected in the samples with loose material. Future research will add mineralogical and stable isotope analyses to correlate with the PIXE data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. An rights reserved.
C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Gill, TE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, POB 42101, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
OI Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105
NR 10
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 189
BP 209
EP 213
AR PII S0168-583X(01)01044-8
DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)01044-8
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 552AE
UT WOS:000175595500038
ER

PT J
AU Jansen, JK
   Russell, RW
   Meyer, WR
AF Jansen, JK
   Russell, RW
   Meyer, WR
TI Seasonal shifts in the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins,
   pygoscelis antarctica
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE energy budgets; foraging strategy; offspring demands; prey availability;
   visual constraints
ID BREEDING ADELIE PENGUINS; FORAGING TRIP DURATION; CHICK-REARING PERIOD;
   SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS; KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; ELEPHANT-ISLAND; PHYTOPLANKTON
   DISTRIBUTION; APTENODYTES-PATAGONICUS; EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS; INSTRUMENT
   ATTACHMENT
AB Whether parents are able to adapt food gathering to rising offspring demands, or if they are controlled largely by extrinsic factors, is important for understanding key limits on fitness. Over seven breeding seasons, we studied the provisioning behavior of chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, at Seal Island. Antarctica, during parents' transition to leave broods of one or two chicks unguarded. By measuring the frequency, duration, and diel timing of foraging trips and the quantity of prey brought to chicks, we examined the extent to which variation in parents' feeding behavior could be attributed to provisioning costs which increase with chick growth. Estimates of the energy content of food loads were combined with foraging patterns and brood requirements to model parents' seasonal provisioning budget. The frequency of foraging trips increased from the guard to post-guard phase and was higher, and the seasonal effect larger, in parents with two chicks. The duration of overnight trips (similar to16 h) increased with seasonally increasing night length; diurnal trip duration (similar to8 h) showed no seasonal pattern. Birds exhibited a seasonal shift to diurnal foraging, a trend that was generally weaker in parents of smaller broods. Food loads increased with chick mass only in parents of one chick; parents of two chicks had larger but more constant food loads. Based on per trip calculations, parents foraging overnight could not have delivered to two-chick broods enough food to meet their demands unless chicks were small. Diurnal foragers (regardless of brood size) and overnight foragers with one chick could meet brood demands at chicks' peak mass. The combined daily effort of parents indicated that mated pairs on average had ample resources to meet chick demands through most of rearing. A brief period when demands could not be met was predicted in two-chick broods just before chicks were left unguarded and again as they neared fledging. Our findings suggest that penguins both increased provisioning frequency and favored foraging under higher light intensity in conjunction with increasing chick demands, tactics which required parents to leave chicks unattended. The ability to maintain intrinsic control over provisioning has bearing on how penguins may be limited by extrinsic constraints. Prey surveys conducted annually near colonies show abundant resources 10-20 km offshore with no consistent seasonal shifts in abundance. These findings support a prominent role for intrinsic factors in the foraging decisions of chinstrap penguins.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, CCEER Special Programs, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Jansen, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM john.jansen@noaa.gov
NR 81
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 131
IS 2
BP 306
EP 318
DI 10.1007/s00442-002-0880-1
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 550NT
UT WOS:000175509700017
ER

PT J
AU Stanley, HE
   Buldyrev, SV
   Giovambattista, N
   La Nave, E
   Scala, A
   Sciortino, F
   Starr, FW
AF Stanley, HE
   Buldyrev, SV
   Giovambattista, N
   La Nave, E
   Scala, A
   Sciortino, F
   Starr, FW
TI Statistical physics and liquid water: "What matters"
SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 21st IUPAP International Conference on Statistical Physics
CY JUL 15-21, 2001
CL CANCUN, MEXICO
SP IUPAP
DE water; local tetrahedral order; potential energy landscape;
   instantaneous normal modes; dynamic heterogeneities
ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; HYDROGEN-BOND
   NETWORK; INSTANTANEOUS NORMAL-MODES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED
   WATER; PHASE-TRANSITION; UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY;
   TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE
AB We present an over-view of recent research applying ideas of statistical mechanics to try to better understand the statics and especially the dynamic puzzles regarding liquid water. The take-home message for the static aspects is that what seems to "matter" more than previously appreciated is local tetrahedral order, so that liquid water has features in common with SiO(2) and P, as well as perhaps Si and C. For the dynamic aspects, what may "matter" is the number of diffusive directions in the potential energy landscape. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   INFM, Ctr Stat Mech & Complex, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stanley, HE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM hes@bu.edu
RI Scala, Antonio/A-2098-2012; Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; Starr,
   Francis/C-7703-2012; Giovambattista, Nicolas/I-4369-2015; Buldyrev,
   Sergey/I-3933-2015
OI Scala, Antonio/0000-0002-3414-2686; Giovambattista,
   Nicolas/0000-0003-1149-0693; 
NR 111
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4371
J9 PHYSICA A
JI Physica A
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 306
IS 1-4
BP 230
EP 242
AR PII S0378-4371(02)00544-7
DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00544-7
PG 13
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 555ET
UT WOS:000175781700025
ER

PT J
AU Affolderbach, C
   Knappe, S
   Wynands, R
   Taichenachev, AV
   Yudin, VI
AF Affolderbach, C
   Knappe, S
   Wynands, R
   Taichenachev, AV
   Yudin, VI
TI Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a standing
   wave
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY; NONLINEAR OPTICS; DARK RESONANCES; LASER;
   VAPOR; LINE; STATES; LIGHT; RB
AB A thermal vapor of three-level atoms irradiated by two copropagating laser beams of suitable frequencies exhibits the phenomenon of coherent population trapping, leading to an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). When a mirror reflects the beams back onto themselves one finds that depending on the position along the resulting standing wave the fluorescence intensity from the sample (cesium in our case) decreases (EIT) or even increases [electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA)] with a period on the centimeter scale. An intuitive picture is based on the interference of coherent dark states but the explanation of the EIA effect requires consideration of Doppler effects in the thermal vapor. This allows for a quantitative comparison between experimental and calculated results.
C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
   Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
   NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Affolderbach, C (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, Wegelerstr 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015
OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066
NR 37
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 043810
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.043810
PN B
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HL
UT WOS:000174979100048
ER

PT J
AU Burke, JP
   Chu, ST
   Bryant, GW
   Williams, CJ
   Julienne, PS
AF Burke, JP
   Chu, ST
   Bryant, GW
   Williams, CJ
   Julienne, PS
TI Designing neutral-atom nanotraps with integrated optical waveguides
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAPS
AB Integrated optical structures offer the intriguing potential of compact, reproducible waveguide arrays, rings, Y junctions, etc., that could be used to design evanescent field traps to transport, store, and interact atoms in networks as complicated as any integrated optical waveguide circuit. We theoretically investigate three approaches to trapping atoms above linear integrated optical waveguides. A two-color scheme balances the decaying evanescent fields of red- and blue-detuned light to produce a potential minimum above the guide. A one-color surface trap proposal uses blue-detuned light and the attractive surface interaction to provide a potential minimum. A third proposal uses blue-detuned light in two guides positioned above and below one another. The atoms are confined to the "dark" spot in the vacuum gap between the guides. We find that all three approaches can be used to trap atoms in two or three dimensions with approximately 100 mW of laser power. We show that the dark spot guide is robust to light scatter and provides the most viable approach for constructing integrated optical circuits that could be used to transport and manipulate atoms in a controlled manner.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Little Opt Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20770 USA.
RP Burke, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Chu, Sai /D-3312-2014; Julienne,
   Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 12
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 043411
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.043411
PN B
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HL
UT WOS:000174979100017
ER

PT J
AU Neau, A
   Derkatch, A
   Hellberg, F
   Rosen, S
   Thomas, R
   Larsson, M
   Djuric, N
   Popovic, DB
   Dunn, GH
   Semaniak, J
AF Neau, A
   Derkatch, A
   Hellberg, F
   Rosen, S
   Thomas, R
   Larsson, M
   Djuric, N
   Popovic, DB
   Dunn, GH
   Semaniak, J
TI Resonant ion pair formation of HD+: Absolute cross sections for the
   H-+D+ channel
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOCIATIVE-RECOMBINATION; EXCITATION
AB Absolute cross sections for the production of H-+D+ in the collision of cold HD+ with electrons have been measured in the storage ring CRYRING at Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University in Stockholm. The magnitude of this cross section (similar to3x10(-19) cm(2) above threshold), as well as its interference pattern (14 peaks in the interaction energy region 0-16 eV) were found to be identical to that observed for the production of D-+H+, which was measured earlier in CRYRING.
C1 Stockholm Univ, SCFAB, Fysikum, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland.
RP Stockholm Univ, SCFAB, Fysikum, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM Mats.Larsson@physto.se; gdunn@jila.colorado.edu
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 044701
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.044701
PN B
PG 3
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HL
UT WOS:000174979100069
ER

PT J
AU Suno, H
   Esry, BD
   Greene, CH
   Burke, JP
AF Suno, H
   Esry, BD
   Greene, CH
   Burke, JP
TI Three-body recombination of cold helium atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; TRIMER; SYSTEM
AB We have developed a method for calculating the rates for three-body recombination of cold atoms. This method allows us to treat not only zero total angular momentum, J=0, states but also J>0 states, so that recombinations at nonzero collision energies can be considered. Our method is applied to ground-state helium atoms He-4, using a realistic interaction potential. In addition, we obtain the rates for collision induced dissociation.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Suno, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013; Suno,
   Hiroya/C-4234-2016
OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526; 
NR 21
TC 73
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 042725
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.042725
PN A
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HF
UT WOS:000174978600092
ER

PT J
AU Tawara, H
   Richard, P
   Safronova, UI
   Vasilyev, AA
   Hansen, S
   Shlyaptseva, AS
AF Tawara, H
   Richard, P
   Safronova, UI
   Vasilyev, AA
   Hansen, S
   Shlyaptseva, AS
TI L x rays from low-energy (similar to 2-keV/u) ions with L-shell
   vacancies produced in single collisions with atoms and molecules
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE COLLISIONS; SLOW COLLISIONS;
   EMISSION
AB Intense L x rays have been observed in similar to2-keV/u Krq+ (q=27-33) ions colliding with various atom and molecule targets. These x rays are understood to originate from electron capture processes into high-Rydberg states of the projectile ion from the outermost shell of target where the captured electron cascades down into the vacant L shell of the ion, thus emitting L x rays. It has been found that the observed L x-ray spectra move toward higher energy as the ion charge (q) increases. The observed L x-ray spectra are compared with synthetic spectra using various models. It has been found that the L x-ray production cross sections obtained for Kr27+ ions are inversely proportional to the ionization energy of target, similar to those recently observed in K x rays produced from ions with K-shell vacancy, and correspond to roughly 40% of total electron capture cross sections, meanwhile the rest of the electron cascades into the metastable states and thus cannot decay within a viewing region of a Si(Li) x-ray detector.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Tawara, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 042509
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.042509
PN A
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HF
UT WOS:000174978600063
ER

PT J
AU Tiesinga, E
   Kotochigova, S
   Julienne, PS
AF Tiesinga, E
   Kotochigova, S
   Julienne, PS
TI Scattering length of the ground-state Mg plus Mg collision
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES;
   PERTURBATION-THEORY; SR ATOMS; CA ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY;
   CONSTANTS; HELIUM
AB We have constructed the X (1)Sigma(g)(+) potential for the collision between two ground-state Mg atoms and analyzed the effect of uncertainties in the shape of the potential on scattering properties at ultracold temperatures. This potential reproduces the experimental term values to 0.2 cm(-1) and has a scattering length of +1.4(5) nm where the error is predominantly due to the uncertainty in the dissociation energy and the C-6 dispersion coefficient. A positive sign of the scattering length suggests that a Bose-Einstein condensate of ground-state Mg atoms is stable.
C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tiesinga, E (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 41
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 042722
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.042722
PN A
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HF
UT WOS:000174978600089
ER

PT J
AU Yurovsky, VA
   Ben-Reuven, A
   Julienne, PS
AF Yurovsky, VA
   Ben-Reuven, A
   Julienne, PS
TI Quantum effects on curve crossing in a Bose-Einstein condensate
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID FESHBACH RESONANCE; ATOM LOSS; COLLISIONS
AB Formation of atomic pairs by the dissociation of a molecular condensate or by inelastic collisions in an atomic condensate due to a time-dependent curve crossing process is studied beyond the mean-field approximation. The number of atoms formed by the spontaneous process is described by a Landau-Zener formula multiplied by an exponential amplification factor due to quantum many-body effects. Correlated atomic pairs are formed in squeezed states. The rate of stimulated processes depends on the relative phase of the two fields.
C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA.
RP Yurovsky, VA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 20
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 043607
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.043607
PN B
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 541HL
UT WOS:000174979100026
ER

PT J
AU Fitzsimmons, MR
   Leighton, C
   Nogues, J
   Hoffmann, A
   Liu, K
   Majkrzak, CF
   Dura, JA
   Groves, JR
   Springer, RW
   Arendt, PN
   Leiner, V
   Lauter, H
   Schuller, IK
AF Fitzsimmons, MR
   Leighton, C
   Nogues, J
   Hoffmann, A
   Liu, K
   Majkrzak, CF
   Dura, JA
   Groves, JR
   Springer, RW
   Arendt, PN
   Leiner, V
   Lauter, H
   Schuller, IK
TI Influence of in-plane crystalline quality of an antiferromagnet on
   perpendicular exchange coupling and exchange bias
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; THIN-FILMS;
   INTERFACES; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEMS; MODEL; MULTILAYERS; COERCIVITY;
   BILAYERS
AB We have undertaken a systematic study of the influence of in-plane crystalline quality of the antiferromagnet on exchange bias. Polarized neutron reflectometry and magnetometry were used to determine the anisotropies of polycrystalline ferromagnetic (F) Fe thin films exchange coupled to antiferromagnetic (AF) untwinned single crystal (110) FeF2, twinned single crystal (110) FeF2 thin films and (110) textured polycrystalline FeF2 thin films. A correlation between the anisotropies of the AF and F thin films with exchange bias was identified. Specifically, when exchange coupling across the F-AF interface introduces an additional anisotropy axis in the F thin film-one perpendicular to the cooling field, the magnetization reversal mechanism is affected (as observed with neutron scattering) and exchange bias is significantly enhanced.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Bellaterra, Spain.
   Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Nogues,
   Josep/D-7791-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hoffmann,
   Axel/A-8152-2009
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Nogues,
   Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767
NR 36
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 13
AR 134436
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.134436
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 539ZR
UT WOS:000174903900112
ER

PT J
AU Koo, TY
   Gehring, PM
   Shirane, G
   Kiryukhin, V
   Lee, SG
   Cheong, SW
AF Koo, TY
   Gehring, PM
   Shirane, G
   Kiryukhin, V
   Lee, SG
   Cheong, SW
TI Anomalous transverse acoustic phonon broadening in the relaxor
   ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(0.8)Ti0.2O3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR;
   NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; ROTATION;
   ALLOYS
AB The intrinsic linewidth Gamma(TA) of the transverse acoustic phonon observed in the relaxor ferroelectric compound Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(0.8)Ti0.2O3 (PMN-20%PT) begins to broaden with decreasing temperature around 650 K, nearly 300 K above the ferroelectric transition temperature T-c (similar to360 K). We speculate that this anomalous behavior is directly related to the condensation of polarized, nanometer-sized, regions (PNR) at the Burns temperature T-d. We also observe the "waterfall" anomaly previously seen in pure PMN, in which the transverse optic branch appears to drop precipitously into the TA branch at a finite momentum transfer q(wf)similar to0.15 Angstrom(-1). The waterfall feature is seen even at temperatures above T-d. This latter result suggests that the PNR exist as dynamic entities above T-d.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   iBLUe Photon, Siheung Si 429850, Kyunggi Do, South Korea.
   Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
NR 33
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 14
AR 144113
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144113
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 541HZ
UT WOS:000174980300043
ER

PT J
AU La-Orauttapong, D
   Noheda, B
   Ye, ZG
   Gehring, PM
   Toulouse, J
   Cox, DE
   Shirane, G
AF La-Orauttapong, D
   Noheda, B
   Ye, ZG
   Gehring, PM
   Toulouse, J
   Cox, DE
   Shirane, G
TI Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric
   (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTALS
AB Recently, a new orthorhombic phase has been discovered in the ferroelectric system (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (PZN-xPT) for x=9%, and for x=8% after the application of an electric field. In the present work, synchrotron x-ray measurements have been extended to higher concentrations 10%less than or equal toxless than or equal to15%. The orthorhombic phase was observed for x=10%, but, surprisingly, for xgreater than or equal to11% only a tetragonal phase was found down to 20 K. The orthorhombic phase thus exists only in a narrow concentration range with near-vertical phase boundaries on both sides. This orthorhombic symmetry (M-C type) is in contrast to the monoclinic M-A-type symmetry recently identified at low temperatures in the Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 (PZT) system over a triangle-shaped region of the phase diagram in the range x=0.46-0.52. To further characterize this relaxor-type system, neutron inelastic scattering measurements have also been performed on a crystal of PZN-xPT with x=15%. The anomalous soft-phonon behavior ("waterfall" effect) previously observed for x=0% and 8% is clearly observed for the 15% crystal, which indicates that the presence of polar nanoregions extends to large values of x.
C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bldg 16, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
NR 23
TC 229
Z9 232
U1 5
U2 46
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 14
AR 144101
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144101
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 541HZ
UT WOS:000174980300031
ER

PT J
AU Rogado, N
   Huang, Q
   Lynn, JW
   Ramirez, AP
   Huse, D
   Cava, RJ
AF Rogado, N
   Huang, Q
   Lynn, JW
   Ramirez, AP
   Huse, D
   Cava, RJ
TI BaNi2V2O8: A two-dimensional honeycomb antiferromagnet
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-GLASS BEHAVIOR; RARE-EARTH IONS; MAGNETIC ORDER; MNPS3; ER; 2D
AB The magnetic properties of BaNi2V2O8 are reported. The magnetic Ni ions are arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb net. Susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron diffraction measurements reveal the onset of antiferromagnetic long-range ordering (LRO) close to 50 K. Diffuse scattering that is characteristic of strong 2D magnetic correlations are observed up to 100 K. chi(T) of Ba(Ni1-xMgx)(2)V2O8 (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.2) shows the gradual disappearance of LRO with doping.
C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Rogado, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 23
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 4
U2 32
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 14
AR 144443
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144443
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 541HZ
UT WOS:000174980300098
ER

PT J
AU Blackmon, JC
   Raman, S
   Dickens, JK
   Lindstrom, RM
   Paul, RL
   Lynn, JE
AF Blackmon, JC
   Raman, S
   Dickens, JK
   Lindstrom, RM
   Paul, RL
   Lynn, JE
TI Thermal-neutron capture by Pb-208
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; GAMMA-RAYS; S-PROCESS; ISOTOPES
AB We have observed seven gamma rays following subthermal-neutron capture by Pb-208 and incorporated them into a level scheme of Pb-209 consisting of five excited levels. The measured neutron separation energy of Pb-209 is 3938.0+/-0.5 keV. The thermal-neutron capture cross section of Pb-208 was determined to be 230+/-12 mub. The theoretical estimates are 860 mub or 550 mub, depending on the model used for the compound-nuclear component; however, these values are not inconsistent with the data if the statistical distribution of the theoretical estimates is taken into account. The thermal-neutron capture cross sections for Pb-206 and Pb-207 were also determined and found to be 26.6+/-1.2 mb and 610+/-30 mb, respectively.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Blackmon, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 43
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0556-2813
J9 PHYS REV C
JI Phys. Rev. C
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 045801
DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.045801
PG 9
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 544XB
UT WOS:000175186200093
ER

PT J
AU Faraone, A
   Chen, SH
   Fratini, E
   Baglioni, P
   Liu, L
   Brown, C
AF Faraone, A
   Chen, SH
   Fratini, E
   Baglioni, P
   Liu, L
   Brown, C
TI Rotational dynamics of hydration water in dicalcium silicate by
   quasielastic neutron scattering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED WATER
AB Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) has been used to investigate the single-particle dynamics of interfacial water in dicalcium silicate (C(2)S)/water paste. Our previous neutron-scattering studies on interfacial water have focused attention on the translational dynamics of the center of mass of water molecules. In this paper, we have collected QENS data on a wider range of wave-vector transfer so that both translational and rotational motions of water molecules are detected. The data have been analyzed by models for translation and rotation we recently proposed for supercooled water. The evolution of the parameters describing the relaxational dynamics of water embedded in the C(2)S matrix is given at temperature T=303 K as a function of the curing time.
C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   Univ Messina, Dept Phys, I-98121 Messina, Italy.
   Univ Messina, INFM, I-98121 Messina, Italy.
   Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
   Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Faraone, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 24-209, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Brown,
   Craig/B-5430-2009
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni,
   Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355
NR 16
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 040501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.040501
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 544EZ
UT WOS:000175146400003
PM 12005795
ER

PT J
AU Ferreiro, V
   Douglas, JF
   Warren, JA
   Karim, A
AF Ferreiro, V
   Douglas, JF
   Warren, JA
   Karim, A
TI Nonequilibrium pattern formation in the crystallization of polymer blend
   films
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID DENDRITIC GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY
AB We show that the morphology of polyethylene oxide crystallization in thin films can be tuned to obtain circular spherulites, seaweed and symmetric dendrites, and fractal aggregation forms through the addition of clay particles and the amorphous polymer, polymethyl methacrylate. The thin-film polymer crystallization patterns are compared to a two-dimensional phase field model of dendritic growth in Ni/Cu alloys with a variable surface tension anisotropy epsilon. Some aspects of polymer crystallization patterns can be understood from the phase field calculations, but a more general model is required to describe the full range of observed patterns.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ferreiro, V (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 24
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 042802
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.042802
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 544EZ
UT WOS:000175146400107
PM 12005899
ER

PT J
AU Giovambattista, N
   Starr, FW
   Sciortino, F
   Buldyrev, SV
   Stanley, HE
AF Giovambattista, N
   Starr, FW
   Sciortino, F
   Buldyrev, SV
   Stanley, HE
TI Transitions between inherent structures in water
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; KINETIC GLASS-TRANSITION; HYDROGEN-BOND
   NETWORK; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; LIQUID WATER; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS;
   MULTIDIMENSIONAL NMR; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; FORMING
   LIQUID
AB The energy landscape approach has been useful to help understand the dynamic properties of supercooled liquids and the connection between these properties and thermodynamics. The analysis in numerical models of the inherent structure (IS) trajectories-the set of local minima visited by the liquid-offers the possibility of filtering out the vibrational component of the motion of the system on the potential energy surface and thereby resolving the slow structural component more efficiently. Here we report an analysis of an IS trajectory for a widely studied water model, focusing on the changes in hydrogen bond connectivity that give rise to many IS's separated by relatively small energy barriers. We find that while the system travels through these IS's, the structure of the bond network is continuously modified, exchanging linear bonds for bifurcated bonds and usually reversing the exchange to return to nearly the same initial configuration. For the 216-molecule system we investigate, the time scale of these transitions is as small as the simulation time scale (approximate to1 fs). Hence, for water, the transition between each of these IS's is relatively small and eventual relaxation of the system occurs only by many of these transitions. We find that during IS changes the molecules with the greatest displacements move in small "clusters" of 1-10 molecules with displacements of approximate to0.02-0.2 nm, not unlike simpler liquids. However, for water these clusters appear to be somewhat more branched than the linear "stringlike" clusters formed in a supercooled Lennard-Jones system found by Glotzer and her collaborators.
C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Ctr Stat Mech & Complex, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
RP Giovambattista, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RI Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012;
   Giovambattista, Nicolas/I-4369-2015; Buldyrev, Sergey/I-3933-2015
OI Giovambattista, Nicolas/0000-0003-1149-0693; 
NR 54
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 041502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041502
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 544EZ
UT WOS:000175146400032
PM 12005824
ER

PT J
AU Jeon, HS
   Shou, Z
   Chakrabarti, A
   Hobbie, EK
AF Jeon, HS
   Shou, Z
   Chakrabarti, A
   Hobbie, EK
TI Anisotropic ordering in sheared binary fluids with viscous asymmetry:
   Experiment and computer simulation
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-SEPARATING FLUIDS; POLYMER BLEND; FLOW; DOMAINS; DEFORMATION;
   STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; MODEL; DROPS
AB Optical measurements of the structure and morphology of phase-separating polymer blend under simple shear flow have been performed and the results are compared with computer simulations of sheared phase-separating binary mixtures with viscous asymmetry in the fluid components. Information about the structure is obtained from the two-point composition correlation function. Both experiment and simulation suggest subtle differences in the shear response depending on whether the more viscous phase is dispersed or continuous. Measurements of the string width along the neutral direction suggest power-law decay in the shear rate with an exponent of 1/3 when the more viscous phase is dispersed. The simulations suggest that the mean string width, measured along the velocity-gradient direction in the two-dimensional model calculation, exhibits power-law decay in the shear rate with an exponent of 1/3 independent of which phase is dispersed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Jeon, HS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 041508
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041508
PN 1
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 544EZ
UT WOS:000175146400038
PM 12005830
ER

PT J
AU Shim, Y
   Levine, LE
   Thomson, R
AF Shim, Y
   Levine, LE
   Thomson, R
TI Critical behavior of a strain percolation model for metals
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY
AB Extensive simulations of a strain percolation model for a deforming metal have been performed to examine its strain behavior. We find that the total strain exhibits critical power-law behavior that is well explained by two-dimensional percolation theory. Near the critical point, most of the strained cells organize themselves around a state having the minimum or at least marginally stable strain regardless of the initial conditions. A strain much greater than the minimum stable strain generally decays to a lower value when transmitted to an unstrained cell. The universal behavior of the total strain in the system is a consequence of the self-organizing character of the strain in the critical cluster. Although the probability distributions for the total strain and cluster size appear to exhibit nonuniversal behavior, this may merely represent a transient response before crossover to a true asymptotic, universal behavior occurs. Other critical aspects of the model are also discussed.
C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shim, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 4
AR 046146
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046146
PN 2A
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 544FA
UT WOS:000175146500065
PM 12005965
ER

PT J
AU Tarek, M
   Tobias, DJ
AF Tarek, M
   Tobias, DJ
TI Role of protein-water hydrogen bond dynamics in the protein dynamical
   transition
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID WATER; PURPLE
   MEMBRANES; GLASS-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; MOTIONS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN;
   MYOGLOBIN; MOSSBAUER
AB The role of water in protein dynamics has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations of crystals and a dehydrated powder. On the 100 ps time scale, the anharmonic and diffusive motions involved in the protein structural relaxation are correlated with the protein-water hydrogen bond dynamics. The complete structural relaxation of the protein requires relaxation of the hydrogen bond network via solvent translational displacement. Inhibiting the solvent translational mobility, and therefore the protein-water hydrogen bond dynamics, has an effect on the protein relaxation similar to dehydration.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Tarek, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015
NR 29
TC 139
Z9 139
U1 1
U2 47
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 1
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 13
AR 138101
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.138101
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 533QR
UT WOS:000174542200044
ER

PT J
AU Jin, D
AF Jin, D
TI A Fermi gas of atoms
SO PHYSICS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jin, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8585
J9 PHYS WORLD
JI Phys. World
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 15
IS 4
BP 27
EP 31
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 543AM
UT WOS:000175078400033
ER

PT J
AU McDonough, WG
   Dunkers, JP
   Holmes, GA
   Feresenbet, E
   Kim, YH
   Parnas, RS
AF McDonough, WG
   Dunkers, JP
   Holmes, GA
   Feresenbet, E
   Kim, YH
   Parnas, RS
TI Influence of processing rate and formulation on the interface strength
   of vinyl ester/E-glass composites
SO POLYMER COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE; KINETICS
AB The single fiber fragmentation test was used to investigate the effect of gelation time on interfacial shear properties of fast reacting resin systems. We developed a processing system capable of producing single fiber fragmentation samples with gelation times that ranged from 2 min to 45 min. The interfacial properties of E-glass fibers in vinyl ester resin were measured with single fiber fragmentation tests using a manual and an automated testing machine. We found that vinyl ester resins catalyzed with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and promoted with cobalt naphthenate and dimethylaniline gelled in less than two minutes and had an estimated interfacial shear strength of 105 MPa. Specimens cured without the promoter gelled in 45 min and had an interfacial shear strength of 72 MPa. Further curing of the unpromoted specimens resulted in an increase in shear strength to 96 MPa. We have demonstrated the ability to make and test rapidly cured specimens, thus expanding the range of materials that can be tested using the single fiber fragmentation testing technique.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Korea Maritime Univ, Pusan, South Korea.
   Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC
PI BROOKFIELD
PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA
SN 0272-8397
J9 POLYM COMPOSITE
JI Polym. Compos.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 2
BP 274
EP 283
DI 10.1002/pc.10431
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA 545FQ
UT WOS:000175206800012
ER

PT J
AU Xie, SC
   Xu, KM
   Cederwall, RT
   Bechtold, P
   Del Genio, AD
   Klein, SA
   Cripe, DG
   Ghan, SJ
   Gregory, D
   Iacobellis, SF
   Krueger, SK
   Lohmann, U
   Petch, JC
   Randall, DA
   Rotstayn, LD
   Somerville, RCJ
   Sud, YC
   Von Salzen, K
   Walker, GK
   Wolf, A
   Yio, JJ
   Zhang, GJ
   Zhang, MG
AF Xie, SC
   Xu, KM
   Cederwall, RT
   Bechtold, P
   Del Genio, AD
   Klein, SA
   Cripe, DG
   Ghan, SJ
   Gregory, D
   Iacobellis, SF
   Krueger, SK
   Lohmann, U
   Petch, JC
   Randall, DA
   Rotstayn, LD
   Somerville, RCJ
   Sud, YC
   Von Salzen, K
   Walker, GK
   Wolf, A
   Yio, JJ
   Zhang, GJ
   Zhang, MG
TI Intercomparison and evaluation of cumulus parametrizations under
   summertime midlatitude continental conditions
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Continental cumulus convection; single-column models
ID RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS;
   GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL CLOUD CLUSTERS; FLUX CONVECTION
   SCHEME; TOGA-COARE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MOISTURE BUDGETS; SQUALL LINE
AB This study reports the Single-Column Model (SCM) part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)/the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud System Study (GCSS) joint SCM and Cloud-Resolving Model (CRM) Case 3 intercomparison study, with a focus on evaluation Of Cumulus parametrizations used in SCMs. Fifteen SCMs are evaluated under summertime midlatitude continental conditions using data collected at the ARM Southern Great Plains site during the summer 1997 Intensive Observing Period. Results from ten CRMs are also used to diagnose problems in the SCMs.
   It is shown that most SCMs can generally capture well the convective events that were well-developed within the SCM domain, while most of them have difficulties in simulating the occurrence of those convective events that only occurred within a small part of the domain. All models significantly underestimate the surface stratiform precipitation. A third of them produce large errors in surface precipitation and thermodynamic structures. Deficiencies in convective triggering mechanisms are thought to be one of the major reasons. Using a triggering mechanism that is based on the vertical integral of parcel buoyant energy without additional appropriate constraints results in overactive convection, which in turn leads to large systematic warm/dry biases in the troposphere. It is also shown that a non-penetrative convection scheme can underestimate the depth of instability for midlatitude convection, which leads to large systematic cold/moist biases in the troposphere.
   SCMs agree well quantitatively with CRMs in the updraught mass fluxes, while most models significantly underestimate the downdraught mass fluxes. Neglect of mesoscale updraught and downdraught mass fluxes in the SCMs contributes considerably to the discrepancies between the SCMs and the CRMs. In addition, uncertainties in the diagnosed mass fluxes in the CRMs and deficiencies with cumulus parametrizations are not negligible.
   Similar results are obtained in the sensitivity tests when different forcing approaches are used. Finally. sensitivity tests from an SCM indicate that its simulations can be greatly improved when its triggering mechanism and closure assumption are improved.
C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div L103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
   Observ Midi Pyrenees, Grenoble, France.
   NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Greenbelt, MD USA.
   NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada.
   CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
   SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Xie, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div L103, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Rotstayn,
   Leon/A-1756-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Randall,
   David/E-6113-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016;
   Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009
OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Xu,
   Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Xie,
   Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Ghan,
   Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Lohmann,
   Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785
NR 65
TC 88
Z9 90
U1 0
U2 11
PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI READING
PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 128
IS 582
BP 1095
EP 1135
DI 10.1256/003590002320373229
PN B
PG 41
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 564XR
UT WOS:000176339300004
ER

PT J
AU Flamant, C
   Drobinski, P
   Nance, L
   Banta, R
   Darby, L
   Dusek, J
   Hardesty, M
   Pelon, J
   Richard, E
AF Flamant, C
   Drobinski, P
   Nance, L
   Banta, R
   Darby, L
   Dusek, J
   Hardesty, M
   Pelon, J
   Richard, E
TI Gap flow in an Alpine valley during a shallow south fohn event:
   Observations, numerical simulations and hydraulic analogue
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE aircraft measurements; downslope wind; hydraulic theory; lidars;
   mesoscale; modelling; shallow fohn
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WASHINGTON CASCADE MOUNTAINS; SEVERE
   DOWNSLOPE WINDS; LOW-LEVEL JET; STRATIFIED FLUID; TRAMONTANE EVENT;
   SHELIKOF STRAIT; DOPPLER LIDAR; WESTERN SIDE; FOEHN EVENT
AB This paper examines the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of southerly hybrid gap/mountain flow through the Wipp valley (Wipptal), Austria, observed on 30 October 1999 using high-resolution observations and model simulations. The observations were obtained during a shallow south fohn event documented in the framework of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP). Three important data sources were used: the airborne differential-absorption lidar LEANDRE 2, the ground-based Doppler lidar TEACO2 and in situ measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 aircraft. This event was simulated down to 2 km horizontal resolution using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model Meso-NH. The structure and dynamics of the flow were realistically simulated. The combination of high-resolution observations and numerical Simulations provided a comprehensive three-dimensional picture of the flow through the Wipptal: in the gap entrance region (Brenner Pass. Austria), the low-level jet was not solely due to the channelling of the southerly synoptic flow through the elevated gap. Part of the Wipptal flow originated as a mountain wave at the valley head wall of the Brenner Pass. Downstream of the pass, the shallow fohn flow had the characteristics of a downslope windstorm as it rushed down towards the Inn valley (Inntal) and the City of Innsbruck, Austria. Downhill of the Brenner Pass, the strongest flow was observed over a small obstacle along the western side wall (the Nosslachjoch), rather than channelled in the deeper part of the valley just to the east. Further north, the low-level jet was observed in the centre of the valley. Approximately halfway between Brenner Pass and Innsbruck, where the along-axis direction of the valley changes from north to north-north-west, the low-level jet was observed to be deflected to the eastern side wall of the Wipptal. Interaction between the Stubaier Alpen (the largest and highest topographic feature to the west of the Wipptal) and the south-westerly synoptic flow was found to be the primary mechanism responsible for the deflection. The along- and cross-valley structure and dynamics of the flow were observed to be highly variable due to the influence of surrounding mountains, localized steep slopes within the valley and Outflows from tributaries (the Gschnitztal and the Stubaital) to the west of the Wipptal.
   For that shallow fohn case, observations and simulations provided a large body of evidence that downslope flow created thinning/thickening fluid and accelerations/decelerations reminiscent of mountain wave/hydraulic theory. Along the Wipptal, two hydraulic-jump-like transitions were observed and simulated, (i) on the lee slope of the Nosslachjoch and (ii) in the Gschnitztal exit region. A hydraulic solution of the flow was calculated in the framework of reduced-gravity shallow-water theory. The down-valley evolution of the Froude number computed using LEANDRE 2, P-3 flight level and TEACO2 measurements confirmed that these transitions were associated with super- to subcritical transitions.
C1 Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Inst Mecan Fluides, Strasbourg, France.
RP Flamant, C (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, CNRS, Tour 15,Boite 102,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Richard, Evelyne/G-9506-2011; Hardesty,
   Robert/H-9844-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008
OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; 
NR 52
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 6
PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI READING
PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 128
IS 582
BP 1173
EP 1210
DI 10.1256/003590002320373256
PN B
PG 38
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 564XR
UT WOS:000176339300007
ER

PT J
AU Moharram, BM
   Lamaze, G
   Elfiki, A
   Khalil, N
AF Moharram, BM
   Lamaze, G
   Elfiki, A
   Khalil, N
TI Neutron-based analysis of fission rates and ultra-trace concentrations
   of U-235 using gamma spectrometry and CR-39 (plastic track detector)
SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE analysis of U-235; cold neutron induced fissions; CR-39; fission rate
AB Fission rates of U-235 in SRM2710 Montana Soil, zirconia, coal and coal ash samples were determined using nuclear track technique. Each sample (in the form of a disk) was sandwiched between two pieces, several square millimeter of CR-39. The sample packages were then placed in a cold neutron beam at the NIST Center for Neutron Research reactor. Almost all fission events in these samples resulting from the irradiations were due to U-235(n, f) reactions. The induced fissions were measured by track counting. The uranium contents of the zirconia, determined relative to the SRM2710 by both the fission track density and gamma activity of Np-239, were found to be 354 +/- 18 and 339 +/- 10.7 ppm, respectively. For comparison, instrumental neutron activation analysis followed by gamma spectrometry was also used to determine the uranium content of all the test samples. The fission track density rates of SRM2710 and zirconia were found to be 3 +/- 0.15 and 51.7 +/- 2.6 fission cm(-2)s(-1) respectively, while the fission track registration sensitivities of CR-39 for both samples are (6.33 +/- 0.32) x 10(-9) and (7.68 +/- 0.38) x 10(-9) fission track cm(-2)s(-1) ppm(-1) unit neutron flux(-1), respectively. This technique has been applied for the detection of trace and ultra trace U-235 bearing inclusions in two environmental samples, coal ash and coal, in which the U-235 contents have been found to be 77 +/- 4 and 4.18 +/- 0.2 ppb, respectively, while the related experimental fission track registration sensitivities of CR-39 were determined to be (3.26 +/- 0.16) x 10(-9) and (4.7 +/- 0.24) x 10(-9) fission track cm(-2)s(-1) neutron(-1) per ppm U-235, respectively. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Tanta Univ, Fac Engn, Tanta, Egypt.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nucl Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand, Cairo, Egypt.
RP Moharram, BM (reprint author), El Mahalla, El Kobra, Egypt.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1350-4487
J9 RADIAT MEAS
JI Radiat. Meas.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 2
BP 113
EP 117
AR PII S1350-4487(01)00277-3
DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(01)00277-3
PG 5
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 592PG
UT WOS:000177945600005
ER

PT J
AU Sadeghi, A
   Chaychian, M
   Al-Sheikhly, M
   McLaughlin, WL
AF Sadeghi, A
   Chaychian, M
   Al-Sheikhly, M
   McLaughlin, WL
TI Radiation-induced reduction of ditetrazolium salt in aqueous solutions
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE blue tetrazolium; diformazan; ditetrazolium salts; dosimetry;
   radiochromic solutions; radiolytic reduction
ID NITRO BLUE TETRAZOLIUM; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; RADICALS; CHLORIDE
AB Color formation in aqueous solutions of the ditetrazolium salt blue tetrazolium (BT2+) in the absence or presence of oxygen is a complex radiation chemical reaction. The final stable product is the poorly soluble diformazan violet to blue pigment having a broad spectral absorption band (lambda(max) = 552 nm). The reaction of BT2+ with the hydrated electron proceeds by rapid reduction of BT2+ followed by protonation at the nitrogen closest to the unsubstituted phenyl group, via the two intermediate tetrazolinyl radicals shared by the ditetrazole ring nitrogens. The effect of solution pH, N2O saturation, and the presence of the reducing agent dextrose are examined. The system serves as a radiochromic sensor and a dosimeter of ionizing radiations. Solutions of 5 mmoll(-1) 1 BT2+ at pH 7.3 serve as dosimeters over an absorbed-dose range of approximately 0.2-6 kGy (dearated, with a range of 1-8 mmoll(-1) dextrose) and of about 1-15 kGy (aerated, with 0.1 moll(-1) sodium formate and 5 mmoll(-1) dextrose). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Al-Sheikhly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 64
IS 1
BP 13
EP 18
AR PII S0969-806X(01)00441-8
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00441-8
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
   Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 539UE
UT WOS:000174889000004
ER

PT J
AU Mann, AB
   Tapson, J
   van Heerden, D
   Lewis, AC
   Josell, D
   Weihs, TP
AF Mann, AB
   Tapson, J
   van Heerden, D
   Lewis, AC
   Josell, D
   Weihs, TP
TI Apparatus to measure wafer curvature for multilayer systems in a vacuum
   furnace
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS; CREEP; ENERGIES
AB A laser-based technique for measuring the curvature of a multilayer/substrate couple is described. Unlike most wafer curvature systems, the instrument described measures the local curvature of the multilayer/substrate couple, correcting for the local topography of the substrate, rather than measuring changes in the average curvature of the multilayer/substrate couple. The apparatus has been designed specifically to perform biaxial zero-creep measurements at elevated temperatures in vacuum. It can also be used to examine the development of biaxial stresses during thermal cycling of thin films deposited on substrates. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.
   UMIST, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.
   Univ Cape Town, Dept Elect Engn, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mann, AB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RI Mann, Adrian/A-3992-2012; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 4
BP 1821
EP 1827
DI 10.1063/1.1455132
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 535FG
UT WOS:000174634100024
ER

PT J
AU Nugent-Glandorf, L
   Scheer, M
   Samuels, DA
   Bierbaum, V
   Leone, SR
AF Nugent-Glandorf, L
   Scheer, M
   Samuels, DA
   Bierbaum, V
   Leone, SR
TI A laser-based instrument for the study of ultrafast chemical dynamics by
   soft x-ray-probe photoelectron spectroscopy
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-ORDER HARMONICS; RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; CLUSTER IONS; GENERATION;
   I-2(-); GASES
AB A laser-based instrument is described for the study of femtosecond dissociation dynamics of gas phase molecules via time-resolved vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Visible or UV pump pulses are generated with nonlinear crystal techniques on a Ti:sapphire laser output, while soft x-ray probe pulses are created via high-order harmonic generation of the same laser in rare gases. Here we describe the optical layout of the pump-probe system, the means for separation of the high-order harmonics in the soft x-ray probe beam, including a description of the two grating setup used to compress the high-harmonic pulses and the magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer used for data collection. The feasibility of using the generated high-harmonic pulses for an array of gaseous phase photoelectron spectroscopy experiments is established. These include measurements of valence shell and core-level photoelectron transitions in atoms and molecules, the tunability of the soft x-ray harmonic through Rydberg resonances, and the energy bandwidths of the harmonics. Cross correlations between the visible/UV and soft x-ray pulses, by above threshold ionization, are used to establish the pulse timing, pulse duration, and spatial overlap for ultrafast studies. The observed real time photodissociation of Br-2 serves as a demonstration of the pump-probe ultrafast technique and the applicability to ultrafast time-resolved chemical dynamics. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 36
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 4
BP 1875
EP 1886
DI 10.1063/1.1459094
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 535FG
UT WOS:000174634100033
ER

PT J
AU Kim, T
   Van Dyck, RE
   Miller, DJ
AF Kim, T
   Van Dyck, RE
   Miller, DJ
TI Hybrid fractal zerotree wavelet image coding
SO SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE hybrid fractal coding; zerotree; image compression; wavelets; perceptual
   image quality
ID COMPRESSION
AB In this paper, a hybrid fractal zerotree wavelet (FZW) image coding algorithm is proposed, The algorithm couples a zerotree-based encoder, such as the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coder or set partitioning in hierarchical trees. and a fractal image coder, this coupling is done in the wavelet domain. Based on perceptually-weighted distortion-rate calculations, a fractal method is adaptively applied to the parts of an image that can be encoded more efficiently relative to an EZW coder at a given rate. In addition to improving comoression performance, the proposed algorithm also allows one to impose desirable properties from each type of image coder. such as progressive transmission, the zerotree structure, and range-domain block decoding. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA.
   Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Van Dyck, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-5965
J9 SIGNAL PROCESS-IMAGE
JI Signal Process.-Image Commun.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 4
BP 347
EP 360
AR PII S0923-5965(02)00003-6
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 562BD
UT WOS:000176176800004
ER

PT J
AU Abdulaev, NG
   Strassmaier, TT
   Ngo, T
   Chen, RW
   Luecke, H
   Oprian, DD
   Ridge, KD
AF Abdulaev, NG
   Strassmaier, TT
   Ngo, T
   Chen, RW
   Luecke, H
   Oprian, DD
   Ridge, KD
TI Grafting segments from the extracellular surface of CCR5 onto a
   bacteriorhodopsin transmembrane scaffold confers HIV-1 coreceptor
   activity
SO STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE bacteriorhodopsin; CCR5; chimera; G protein-coupled receptor; HIV-1;
   membrane protein folding
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; AMINO-TERMINAL
   DOMAIN; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR;
   INTRADISCAL DOMAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM;
   MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION
AB Components from the extracellular surface of CCR5 interact with certain macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to mediate viral fusion and entry. To mimic these viral interacting site(s), the amino-terminal and extracellular loop segments of CCR5 were linked in tandem to form concatenated polypeptides, or grafted onto a seven-transmembrane bacteriorhodopsin scaffold to generate several chimeras. The chimera studies identified specific regions in CCR5 that confer HIV-1 coreceptor function, structural rearrangements in the transmembrane region that may modulate this activity, and a role for the extracellular surface in folding and assembly. Methods developed here may be applicable to the dissection of functional domains from other seven-transmembrane receptors and form a basis for future structural studies.
C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Brandeis Univ, Dept Biochem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
   Brandeis Univ, Volen Ctr Complex Syst, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Ridge, KD (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RI Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/F-4712-2012
OI Luecke, Hartmut "Hudel"/0000-0002-4938-0775
FU NEI NIH HHS [EY13286]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56445, GM39589]
NR 67
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0969-2126
J9 STRUCTURE
JI Structure
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 10
IS 4
BP 515
EP 525
AR PII S0969-2126(02)00752-9
DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00752-9
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 539GX
UT WOS:000174863100010
PM 11937056
ER

PT J
AU Brown, RA
   Wood, VT
   Barker, TW
AF Brown, RA
   Wood, VT
   Barker, TW
TI Improved detection using negative elevation angles for mountaintop
   WSR-88Ds: Simulation of KMSX near Missoula, Montana
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTIVITY; ALGORITHM
AB KMSX, near Missoula, Montana, is one of the Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler (WSR-88Ds) that are located on the top of a mountain. Because all WSR-88Ds employ scanning strategies that were developed for flatland radars, mountaintop radars send signals well above the populated valleys and terrain surrounding the radars. Forecasters who use mountaintop WSR-88Ds are at a distinct disadvantage in not being able to detect crucial weather phenomena near the earth's surface. The use of negative elevation angles has been proposed as a solution to this problem. This type of radar operation poses no public radiation hazard, because the microwave radiation exposure level is about two orders of magnitude below the acceptable guideline near the radar and rapidly decreases with increasing distance. The feasibility of KMSX using negative elevation angles is simulated using several different weather situations. The simulations show the potential for improved detections of low-altitude weather conditions in the surrounding valleys and improved estimates of precipitation amounts throughout the coverage area. For example, using the lowest elevation angle (+0.5degrees) of the current WSR-88D scanning strategies, simulated rainfall rates detected in the valleys progressively decrease from about 80% of the surface value near the radar to only 1% of the surface value at 220 km. However, using an elevation angle of -0.8degrees, simulated rainfall rates detected at all ranges out to 220 km are about 80%-95% of the surface values.
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Missoula, MT USA.
RP Brown, RA (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 2
BP 223
EP 237
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0223:IDUNEA>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 532VP
UT WOS:000174496000004
ER

PT J
AU Zapotocny, TH
   Menzel, WP
   Nelson, JP
   Jung, JA
AF Zapotocny, TH
   Menzel, WP
   Nelson, JP
   Jung, JA
TI An impact study of five remotely sensed and five in situ data types in
   the Eta Data Assimilation System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER; WINDS
AB The impact of 10 data types used in the Eta Data Assimilation/Forecast System (EDAS) is studied for extended-length time periods during three seasons. Five of the data types are remotely sensed satellite data, and the other five are in situ. The satellite data types include three-layer and vertically integrated precipitable water, temperature data down to cloud top, infrared cloud-drift winds, and water vapor cloud-top winds. The five in situ data types consist of two rawinsonde and two aircraft observation types along with surface land observations. The work described in this paper is relevant for Eta Model users trying to identify the impact of remotely sensed, largely maritime data types and in situ, largely land-based data types. The case studies chosen consist of 11-day periods during December 1998, April 1999, and July 1999. During these periods, 11 EDAS runs were executed twice daily. The 11 runs include a control run, which utilizes all data types used in the EDAS, and 10 experimental runs in which one of the data types is denied. Differences between the experimental and control runs are then accumulated and analyzed to demonstrate the 0-h sensitivity and 24-h forecast impact of these data types in the EDAS. Conventional meteorological terms evaluated include temperature, u component of the wind, and relative humidity on five pressure levels. These diagnostics are computed over the entire model domain and within a subsection centered on the continental United States (CONUS). The entire domain results show that a modest positive forecast impact is achieved from all 10 data types during all three time periods. Rawinsonde temperature and moisture observations and infrared cloud-drift wind observations have the largest positive impact season to season; however, both precipitable water data types provide significant positive forecast impact during the summer and transition seasons. Rawinsonde temperature and moisture, rawinsonde winds, aircraft winds, and infrared cloud-drift winds have the largest positive impact season to season over CONUS. The three-layer precipitable water data type produces large positive forecast impact over CONUS during July. In general, the forecast impacts are smaller for nearly all data types over CONUS than over the entire model domain. There are also more negative forecast impacts for both the in situ and remotely sensed data types over CONUS than over the entire domain.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA.
RP Zapotocny, TH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, SSEC, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201
NR 19
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 2
BP 263
EP 285
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0263:AISOFR>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 532VP
UT WOS:000174496000007
ER

PT J
AU Bidlot, JR
   Holmes, DJ
   Wittmann, PA
   Lalbeharry, R
   Chen, HS
AF Bidlot, JR
   Holmes, DJ
   Wittmann, PA
   Lalbeharry, R
   Chen, HS
TI Intercomparison of the performance of operational ocean wave forecasting
   systems with buoy data
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID CANADIAN METEOROLOGICAL CENTER; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; MULTISCALE GEM
   MODEL; ALTIMETER DATA; WIND-SPEED; PART II; PREDICTION; IMPLEMENTATION;
   HEIGHT; STRESS
AB The monthly exchange of ocean wave model data has successfully been taking place among five operational weather centers. The data are compared with observations obtained from moored buoys and platforms. The analysis of 3 yr of data has helped to quantify the global and regional skills, strengths, and weaknesses of the different ocean wave forecasting systems. Since the quality of ocean wave forecasts is intrinsically linked to the quality of the forcing wind fields, it is not surprising to find that the center with the lowest wind speed errors also has the lowest wave height errors. The benefit of using a third-generation Wave Model (WAM), for example, is not so tangible in terms of wave height statistics but it is definitively evident in terms of peak periods. Even though WAM has proved to be well suited for global wave forecasting, it is also clear that research is still needed to reduce the model tendency to underpredict some storms when it is forced by operational global wind fields. It appeared that assimilating altimeter wave heights has a positive impact on the model performance. It is also argued that the height of the wind speed observations should be taken into account when assimilating the data or simply when evaluating model performance since it might otherwise introduce a systematic negative bias into the analysis. Last, this exchange of data should continue and possibly extend to other forecasting centers as a tool for model developers but also as a continuous reference for marine forecasters.
C1 European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
   Meteorol Off, Ocean Applicat Branch, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England.
   Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Models & Data Dept, Monterey, CA USA.
   Meteorol Serv Canada, Meteorol Res Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada.
   Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Bidlot, JR (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
NR 45
TC 105
Z9 108
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 2
BP 287
EP 310
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0287:IOTPOO>2.0.CO;2
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 532VP
UT WOS:000174496000008
ER

PT J
AU Tolman, HL
   Balasubramaniyan, B
   Burroughs, LD
   Chalikov, DV
   Chao, YY
   Chen, HS
   Gerald, VM
AF Tolman, HL
   Balasubramaniyan, B
   Burroughs, LD
   Chalikov, DV
   Chao, YY
   Chen, HS
   Gerald, VM
TI Development and implementation of wind-generated ocean surface wave
   models at NCEP
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID FORECAST SYSTEM
AB A brief historical overview of numerical wind wave forecast modeling efforts at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is presented, followed by an in-depth discussion of the new operational National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) "WAVEWATCH III'' (NWW3) wave forecast system. This discussion mainly focuses on a parallel comparison of the new NWW3 system with the previously operational Wave Model (WAM) system, using extensive buoy and European Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS2) altimeter data. The new system is shown to describe the variability of the wave height more realistically, with similar or smaller random errors and generally better correlation coefficients and regression slopes than WAM. NWW3 outperforms WAM in the Tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere, and they both show fairly similar behavior at northern high latitudes. Dissemination of NWW3 products, and plans for its further development, are briefly discussed.
C1 NOAA, Ocean Modeling Branch, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Modeling Branch, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 43
TC 155
Z9 161
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 2
BP 311
EP 333
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0311:DAIOWG>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 532VP
UT WOS:000174496000009
ER

PT J
AU Quinn, TR
AF Quinn, TR
TI Process sensitivity of GMAW: Aluminum vs. steel
SO WELDING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum GMAW; electrode extension; arc length; steel; aluminum process
   sensitivity
AB A heat-transfer model of the melting electrode in gas metal arc welding(GMAW) was used to compare the relative sensitivity of the process when welding with aluminum electrodes compared to that of steel electrodes. The aluminum model was verified with experiments for ER-1100 and ER-4043 electrodes. The dimensionless parameters in the model showed that conductive heat transfer dominates other effects in aluminum compared to steel, which causes the differences in sensitivity of the process to the input parameters (current, wire-feed speed, and/or voltage). If the steel and aluminum electrode extensions are compared at about the midpoint of the current range for electrodes of the same diameter (1.2 mm), the aluminum electrode is 28 times more sensitive to changes in the wire-feed speed than is the steel electrode. When welding with a 1.2mm-diameter aluminum wire at 150 A, a 1% change in wire-feed speed causes an 8-mm change in the arc length. When welding with a 1.2-mm-diameter steel wire at 200 A, a 1% change in wire-feed speed causes a 0.5-mm change in the arc length. Similar sensitivity to changes in current is exhibited by aluminum.,Dynamic analysis about the set points described above indicates the electrode extension in aluminum is many times more sensitive than steel to perturbations in wire-feed speed and current at low frequencies, but aluminum has a similar response to steel at high frequencies.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Quinn, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER WELDING SOC
PI MIAMI
PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA
SN 0043-2296
J9 WELD J
JI Weld. J.
PD APR
PY 2002
VL 81
IS 4
BP 55S
EP 60S
PG 6
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 746UQ
UT WOS:000186766400014
ER

PT J
AU Huber, ML
   Lemmon, EW
   Friend, DG
AF Huber, ML
   Lemmon, EW
   Friend, DG
TI Modeling bubble points of mixtures of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants and
   polyol ester lubricants
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Properties and Phase Equilibria for
   Product and Process Design
CY MAY 20-25, 2001
CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN
SP Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Natl Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Electr Technol Res Fdn Chugoku, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Nioppon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Rigaku Int Corp, KK Ohkuma, Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd, SIMSCI Japan KK, AKICO Corp, Nisshin Kikai Co Ltd, Okayama Fdn Sci & Technol, Kurashiki Univ Sci & Arts
DE density; lubricant; polyol ester; refrigerant; vapor-liquid equilibria
ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STATE; SOLUBILITY;
   PRESSURES; EQUATION
AB We use a Helmholtz energy mixing model to describe the bubble point pressures of mixtures of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants and polyol ester (POE) based lubricants. This model incorporates the best available equations of state for the refrigerants, is valid over the entire range of composition, is not limited to states below the refrigerant critical temperature, and can represent volumetric properties in addition to calculating reliable phase equilibria. As part of the approach, we developed equations that can be used to apply a simplified statistical associating fluid theory (SSAFT) equation of state to POE-based lubricants. We compare the predictions of the model with selected experimental data available in the literature for bubble point pressures and saturated liquid densities of these systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD MAR 30
PY 2002
VL 194
SI SI
BP 511
EP 519
AR PII S0378-3812(01)00655-0
DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00655-0
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 537TL
UT WOS:000174775600044
ER

PT J
AU Kovacs, LC
   Morris, P
   Brozena, J
   Tikku, A
AF Kovacs, LC
   Morris, P
   Brozena, J
   Tikku, A
TI Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea from magnetic and gravity data
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union
CY 1999
CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
SP Amer Geophys Union
DE Gondwana break-ups; marine magnetic anomalies; gravity anomalies; plate
   tectonics
ID ZONE AFRICAN PLATE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WEST ANTARCTICA; INDIAN-OCEAN;
   GONDWANALAND; ATLANTIC; BASIN; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSTRAINTS; EMBAYMENT
AB A re-compilation of magnetic data in the Weddell Sea is presented and compared with the gravity field recently derived from retracked satellite altimetry. The previously informally named 'Anomaly-T,' an cast-west trending linear positive magnetic and gravity anomaly lying at about 69degreesS, forms the southern boundary of the well-known Weddell Sea gravity herringbone. North of Anomaly-T, three major E-W linear magnetic lows are shown, and identified with anomalies cl2r, c21-29(r) and c33r. On the basis of these, and following work by recent investigators, isochrons c13, 08, c20, c21, c30, c33 and c34 are identified and extended into the western Weddell Sea. Similarly, a linear magnetic low lying along the spine of the herringbone is shown and provisionally dated at 93-96 Ma. Anomaly-T is tentatively dated to be M5n, in agreement with recent tectonic models. Although current tectonic models are generally in good agreement to the north of T, to the south interpretations differ. Some plate tectonic models have only proposed essentially north-south spreading in the region, whilst others have suggested that a period of predominantly east-west motion (relative to present Antarctic geographic coordinates) occurred during the mid-Mesozoic spreading between East and West Gondwana. We identify an area immediately to the south of T which appears to be the southerly extent of N-S spreading in the herringbone. Following recent work, the extreme southerly extent of the N-S directed spreading of the herringbone is provisionally dated M9r/M10. In the oldest Weddell Sea, immediately to the north and east of the Antarctic shelf, we see subtle features in both the magnetic and gravity data that are consistent with predominantly N-S spreading in the Weddell Sea during the earliest opening of East and West Gondwana. In between, however, in a small region extending approximately from about 50 km south of T to about 70degreesS and from approximately 40degrees to 53degreesW, the magnetic and gravity data appear to suggest well-correlated linear marine magnetic anomalies (possible isochrons) perpendicular to T, bounded and offset by less well-defined steps and linear lows in the gravity (possible fracture zones). These magnetic and gravity data southwest of T suggest that the crust here may record an E-W spreading episode between the two-plate system of East and West Gondwana prior to the initiation of the three-plate spreading system of South America, Africa and Antarctica. The E-W spreading record to the east of about 35degreesW would then appear to have been cut off at about M10 time during the establishment of N-S three-plate spreading along the South American-Antarctic Ridge and then subducted under the Scotia Ridge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   British Antarctic Survey, Geosci Div, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
   NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Kovacs, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
NR 47
TC 18
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
J9 TECTONOPHYSICS
JI Tectonophysics
PD MAR 29
PY 2002
VL 347
IS 1-3
BP 43
EP 64
AR PII S0040-1951(01)00237-2
DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00237-2
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 560ZQ
UT WOS:000176111600005
ER

PT J
AU Tikku, AA
   Marks, KM
   Kovacs, LC
AF Tikku, AA
   Marks, KM
   Kovacs, LC
TI An Early Cretaceous extinct spreading center in the northern Natal
   valley
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union
CY 1999
CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
SP Amer Geophys Union
DE Natal valley; Africa; Antarctica; Mozambique; Mozambique ridge; Dronning
   Maud land; Gondwana; mesozoic; reconstructions; finite rotations
ID MESOZOIC MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; DRONNING-MAUD-LAND; EAST-AFRICAN RIFT;
   INDIAN-OCEAN; MOZAMBIQUE RIDGE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SOMALI BASIN;
   ANTARCTICA; MADAGASCAR; RECONSTRUCTIONS
AB We have identified an extinct E-W spreading center in the northern Natal valley on the basis of magnetic anomalies which was active from chron M11 ( similar to 133 Ma) to similar to 125.3 Ma, just before chron M2 ( similar to 124 Ma) in the Early Cretaceous. Seafloor spreading in the northern Natal valley accounts for approximately 170 km of north-south motion between the Mozambique Ridge and Africa. This extension resolves the predicted overlap of the continental (central and southern) Mozambique Ridge and Antarctica in the chron M2 to M I I reconstructions from Mesozoic finite rotation parameters for Africa and Antarctica. In addition, the magnetic data reveal that the Mozambique Ridge was an independent microplate from at least 133 to 125 Ma. The northern Natal valley extinct spreading center connects to the spreading center separating the Mozambique Basin and the RiiserLarsen Sea to the east. It follows that the northern Mozambique Ridge was either formed after the emplacement of the surrounding oceanic crust or it is the product of a very robust spreading center. To the west the extinct spreading center connects to the spreading center separating the southern Natal valley and Georgia Basin via a transform fault. Prior to chron M11, there is still a problem with the overlap of Mozambique Ridge if it is assumed to be fixed with respect to either the African or Antarctic plates. Some of the overlap can be accounted for by Jurassic deformation of the Mozambique Ridge, Mozambique Basin, and Dronning Maud land. It appears though that the Mozambique Ridge was an independent microplate from the breakup of Gondwana, similar to 160 Ma, until it became part of the African plate, similar to 125 Ma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Tikku, AA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 108 Oceanog Bldg,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010
OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495
NR 56
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
J9 TECTONOPHYSICS
JI Tectonophysics
PD MAR 29
PY 2002
VL 347
IS 1-3
BP 87
EP 108
AR PII S0040-1951(01)00239-6
DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00239-6
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 560ZQ
UT WOS:000176111600007
ER

PT J
AU Rich, DR
   Gentile, TR
   Smith, TB
   Thompson, AK
   Jones, GL
AF Rich, DR
   Gentile, TR
   Smith, TB
   Thompson, AK
   Jones, GL
TI Spin exchange optical pumping at pressures near 1 bar for neutron spin
   filters
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZED HE-3; LASER; ASYMMETRY; ARRAYS; NUCLEI; GAS
AB Motivated by applications to neutron spin filters and recent advances in spectrally narrowed laser diode arrays (LDAs), we are exploring spin exchange optical pumping of He-3 at pressures near 1 bar. Among our more interesting results has been the production of glass cells with extremely long relaxation times. The best of these has a lifetime of T-1=840 h [where the polarization decays versus time, t, as exp(-t/T-1)], dominated by the dipole-dipole contribution of 950 h at a He-3 partial pressure of 0.85 bar. Using a broadband LDA, we have obtained 55% He-3 nuclear polarization in this cell. These results are particularly relevant to the application of He-3-based neutron spin filters to neutron scattering and weak interaction experiments. Applications to magnetometry and polarized gas magnetic resonance imaging are also possible. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA.
RP Rich, DR (reprint author), Wabash Coll, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA.
NR 29
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAR 25
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 12
BP 2210
EP 2212
DI 10.1063/1.1461424
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 532WU
UT WOS:000174498700056
ER

PT J
AU Chaumet, PC
   Rahmani, A
   Nieto-Vesperinas, M
AF Chaumet, PC
   Rahmani, A
   Nieto-Vesperinas, M
TI Optical trapping and manipulation of nano-objects with an apertureless
   probe
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE; DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; LIGHT; SCATTERING;
   PARTICLES; TWEEZERS; SURFACE; GRAINS; FIELD
AB We propose a novel way to trap and manipulate nano-objects above a dielectric substrate using an apertureless near-field probe. A combination of evanescent illumination and light scattering at the probe apex is used to shape the optical field into a localized, three-dimensional optical trap. We use the coupled-dipole method and the Maxwell stress tensor to provide a self-consistent description of the optical force, including retardation and the influence of the substrate. We show that small objects can be selectively captured and manipulated under realistic conditions.
C1 Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, Inst Fresnel, UMR 6133, F-13397 Marseille 20, France.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
RP Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, Inst Fresnel, UMR 6133, F-13397 Marseille 20, France.
RI Rahmani, Adel/G-6406-2011; patrick, Chaumet/B-6918-2013
NR 20
TC 129
Z9 135
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 25
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 12
AR 123601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.123601
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 533QP
UT WOS:000174542000030
PM 11909460
ER

PT J
AU Kriesel, JM
   Bollinger, JJ
   Mitchell, TB
   King, LB
   Dubin, DHE
AF Kriesel, JM
   Bollinger, JJ
   Mitchell, TB
   King, LB
   Dubin, DHE
TI Laser-generated waves and wakes in rotating ion crystals
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; PENNING TRAP; DUSTY PLASMA; MACH CONES; MODES;
   MOLECULES; STATE
AB Locally excited plasma waves are generated in a Coulomb crystal by "pushing" with radiation pressure on a rotating cloud of laser-cooled Be-9(+) ions. The waves form a stationary wake that is directly imaged through the dependence of the ion fluorescence on Doppler shifts, and theoretical calculations in a slab geometry are shown to accurately reproduce these images. The technique demonstrates a new method of exciting and studying waves in cold ion clouds.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Kriesel, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 25
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 12
AR 125003
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.125003
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 533QP
UT WOS:000174542000038
PM 11909468
ER

PT J
AU Lee, SH
   Tranquada, JM
   Yamada, K
   Buttrey, DJ
   Li, Q
   Cheong, SW
AF Lee, SH
   Tranquada, JM
   Yamada, K
   Buttrey, DJ
   Li, Q
   Cheong, SW
TI Freezing of a stripe liquid
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; MAGNETIC ORDER; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INSULATOR
   TRANSITION; CHARGE STRIPES; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; LA2-XSRXNIO4+DELTA;
   ANTIFERROMAGNETS; LA5/3SR1/3NIO4
AB The existence of a stripe-liquid phase in a layered nickelate, La1.725Sr0.275NiO4, is demonstrated through neutron scattering measurements. We show that incommensurate magnetic fluctuations evolve continuously through the charge-ordering temperature, although an abrupt decrease in the effective damping energy is observed on cooling through the transition. The energy and momentum dependence of the magnetic scattering are parametrized with a damped-harmonic-oscillator model describing overdamped spin waves in the antiferromagnetic domains defined instantaneously by charge stripes.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
   Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009
OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857
NR 35
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 25
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 12
AR 126401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.126401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 533QP
UT WOS:000174542000053
ER

PT J
AU McKenzie, C
   Denschlag, JH
   Haffner, H
   Browaeys, A
   de Araujo, LEE
   Fatemi, FK
   Jones, KM
   Simsarian, JE
   Cho, D
   Simoni, A
   Tiesinga, E
   Julienne, PS
   Helmerson, K
   Lett, PD
   Rolston, SL
   Phillips, WD
AF McKenzie, C
   Denschlag, JH
   Haffner, H
   Browaeys, A
   de Araujo, LEE
   Fatemi, FK
   Jones, KM
   Simsarian, JE
   Cho, D
   Simoni, A
   Tiesinga, E
   Julienne, PS
   Helmerson, K
   Lett, PD
   Rolston, SL
   Phillips, WD
TI Photoassociation of sodium in a Bose-Einstein condensate
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLD; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We form ultracold Na-2 molecules by single-photon photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, measuring the photoassociation rate, linewidth, and light shift of the J = 1, v = 135 vibrational level of the A(1)Sigma(u)(+) molecular state. The photoassociation rate constant increases linearly with intensity, even where it is predicted that many-body effects might limit the rate. Our observations are in good agreement with a two-body theory having no free parameters.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McKenzie, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI simoni, andrea/C-1410-2011; Haeffner, Hartmut/D-8046-2012; Helmerson,
   Kristian/E-3683-2013; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Hecker Denschlag,
   Johannes/B-6047-2008; de Araujo, Luis/F-7734-2015; Julienne,
   Paul/E-9378-2012; Browaeys, Antoine/E-1547-2017
OI Haeffner, Hartmut/0000-0002-5113-9622; rolston,
   steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Hecker Denschlag,
   Johannes/0000-0003-1984-4994; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; 
NR 22
TC 120
Z9 123
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 25
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 12
AR 120403
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.120403
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 533QP
UT WOS:000174542000003
PM 11909433
ER

PT J
AU Lai, NC
   Dalton, N
   Holts, D
   Graham, JB
   Kwong, C
   Rasmussen, R
   Lai, YY
AF Lai, NC
   Dalton, N
   Holts, D
   Graham, JB
   Kwong, C
   Rasmussen, R
   Lai, YY
TI Ventricular diastolic function in the shortfin mako sharks
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   SWFSC, La Jolla, CA USA.
   Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 22
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 5
BP A886
EP A886
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 534PC
UT WOS:000174593900890
ER

PT J
AU Lefebvre, AA
   Lee, JH
   Balsara, NP
   Hammouda, B
AF Lefebvre, AA
   Lee, JH
   Balsara, NP
   Hammouda, B
TI Critical length and time scales during the initial stages of nucleation
   in polymer blends
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS; MIXTURE
AB The initial stages of nucleation during liquid-liquid phase separation in polymer mixtures were studied by time-resolved small angle neutron scattering. The time required for nucleation vanishes exponentially as the stability limit (spinodal) is approached. The critical nucleus size decreases monotonically with increasing quench depth and remains finite at the spinodal. Our data differ qualitatively from theoretical predictions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lefebvre, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 18
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAR 22
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 12
BP 4777
EP 4781
DI 10.1063/1.1463056
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 530NH
UT WOS:000174363700007
ER

PT J
AU Bernardi, G
   Holbrook, SJ
   Schmitt, RJ
   Crane, NL
   DeMartini, E
AF Bernardi, G
   Holbrook, SJ
   Schmitt, RJ
   Crane, NL
   DeMartini, E
TI Species boundaries, populations and colour morphs in the coral reef
   three-spot damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) species complex
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Dascyllus trimaculatus; mitochondrial DNA; population genetics;
   phylogeography; species boundaries
ID SERRANID FISH HYPOPLECTRUS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS;
   HAMLETS HYPOPLECTRUS; MARINE SPECIATION; LARVAL DURATION; CICHLID FISH;
   EVOLUTION; POMACENTRIDAE; PATTERNS
AB Coloration patterns of tropical reef fishes is commonly used for taxonomic purposes, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between species boundaries and coloration types. The three-spot damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) species complex comprises four species that vary both in geographical ranges and colour patterns making them an ideal model to study these relationships. We analysed the mitochondrial control region of 122 individuals from all four species collected from 13 localities. Individuals from two species (Dascyllus albisella and D. strasburgi) grouped into monophyletic clades, while the two other species (D. trimaculatus and D. auripinnis) were found to be paraphyletic. Coloration patterns were therefore not found to be good predictors of genetic isolation. In contrast, geographical origin was always consistent with the observed genetic pattern.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coastal Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Monterey Peninsula Coll, Div Nat Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Bernardi, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM bernardi@biology.ucsc.edu
RI Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011
OI Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678
NR 51
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 18
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD MAR 22
PY 2002
VL 269
IS 1491
BP 599
EP 605
DI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1922
PG 7
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 538WC
UT WOS:000174837200008
PM 11916476
ER

PT J
AU Shertzer, KW
   Ellner, SP
AF Shertzer, KW
   Ellner, SP
TI Energy storage and the evolution of population dynamics
SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRACHIONUS-CALYCIFLORUS PALLAS; DEPENDENT NATURAL-SELECTION; PLANKTONIC
   ROTIFERS; INSECT POPULATION; EGG SIZE; MODELS; ENVIRONMENTS;
   REPRODUCTION; GROWTH; CHAOS
AB We explore the mutual dependence of life history evolution and population dynamics by modeling a structured rotifer population that preys on a dynamic food supply. We focus on the ecological role of energy storage. A physiologically based submodel describes how individual predators allocate assimilated energy among growth, reproduction, and storage. We use invasibility analyses to predict evolutionary stable strategies for energy allocation. Various proxy measures of fitness based on measurable biological quantities, such as average population size or average per-capita fecundity, fail to predict evolutionary stable strategies. The predicted strategies indicate that selection strongly favors storage allocation for juveniles, but only for adults when prey densities are high. With the evolution of energy storage, population dynamics can shift from aperiodic to stable cycles without any need to invoke group selection. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5193
J9 J THEOR BIOL
JI J. Theor. Biol.
PD MAR 21
PY 2002
VL 215
IS 2
BP 183
EP 200
DI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2507
PG 18
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
   Biology
GA 568LE
UT WOS:000176542600004
PM 12051973
ER

PT J
AU Richardson, MI
   Wilson, RJ
AF Richardson, MI
   Wilson, RJ
TI A topographically forced asymmetry in the martian circulation and
   climate
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL DUST STORMS; WATER CYCLE; MARS; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATION;
   MODEL
AB Large seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries in the martian climate system are generally ascribed to variations in solar heating associated with orbital eccentricity(1). As the orbital elements slowly change (over a period of >10(4) years), characteristics of the climate such as dustiness and the vigour of atmospheric circulation are thought to vary(2-5), as should asymmetries in the climate (for example, the deposition of water ice at the northern versus the southern pole). Such orbitally driven climate change might be responsible for the observed layering in Mars' polar deposits by modulating deposition of dust and water ice(3,5,6). Most current theories assume that climate asymmetries completely reverse as the angular distance between equinox and perihelion changes by 180degrees. Here we describe a major climate mechanism that will not precess in this way. We show that Mars' global north-south elevation difference forces a dominant southern summer Hadley circulation that is independent of perihelion timing. The Hadley circulation, a tropical overturning cell responsible for trade winds, largely controls interhemispheric transport of water and the bulk dustiness of the atmosphere(7-11). The topography therefore imprints a strong handedness on climate, with water ice and the active formation of polar layered deposits more likely in the north.
C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Richardson, MI (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 26
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 3
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 21
PY 2002
VL 416
IS 6878
BP 298
EP 301
DI 10.1038/416298a
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 532NP
UT WOS:000174482200035
PM 11907570
ER

PT J
AU Belmonte, A
   Rye, BJ
AF Belmonte, A
   Rye, BJ
TI Response to comment on "Heterodyne lidar returns in the turbulent
   atmosphere: performance evaluation of simulated systems" by Frehlich and
   Kavaya
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID REFRACTIVE-TURBULENCE
AB The differences in approach and misunderstandings that account for the problems described in Frehlich and Kavaya's comment [Appl. Opt. 41,1595 (2002)] are summarized. We also acknowledge an omission in our paper that has been drawn to our attention separately. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
   NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, OAR, ETLR,ET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Belmonte, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
EM belmonte@tsc.upc.es; barry.rye@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1601
EP 1603
DI 10.1364/AO.41.001601
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 533KZ
UT WOS:000174529900002
ER

PT J
AU Gregg, WW
   Conkright, ME
   O'Reilly, JE
   Patt, FS
   Wang, MHH
   Yoder, JA
   Casey, NW
AF Gregg, WW
   Conkright, ME
   O'Reilly, JE
   Patt, FS
   Wang, MHH
   Yoder, JA
   Casey, NW
TI NOAA-NASA coastal zone color scanner reanalysis effort
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAYLEIGH RADIANCE CONTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE;
   MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MERCHANT SHIPS; IN-SITU; CHLOROPHYLL; OCEAN;
   AEROSOL; PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIBRATION
AB Satellite observations of global ocean chlorophyll span more than two decades. However, incompatibilities between processing algorithms prevent us from quantifying natural variability. We applied a comprehensive reanalysis to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) archive, called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NOAA-NASA) CZCS reanalysis (NCR) effort. NCR consisted of (1) algorithm improvement (AI), where CZCS processing algorithms were improved with modernized atmospheric correction and bio-optical algorithms and (2) blending where in situ data were incorporated into the CZCS AI to minimize residual errors. Global spatial and seasonal patterns of NCR chlorophyll indicated remarkable correspondence with modern sensors, suggesting compatibility. The NCR permits quantitative analyses of interannual and interdecadal trends in global ocean chlorophyll. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   NOAA, Ocean Climate Lab, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   Sci Applicat Int Corp, Gen Sci Corp, Beltsville, MD 20707 USA.
   Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Gregg, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM gregg@cabin.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
NR 30
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1615
EP 1628
DI 10.1364/AO.41.001615
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 533KZ
UT WOS:000174529900004
PM 11921788
ER

PT J
AU Marenco, F
   di Sarra, A
   De Luisi, J
AF Marenco, F
   di Sarra, A
   De Luisi, J
TI Methodology for determining aerosol optical depth from Brewer 300-320-nm
   ozone measurements
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAHARAN DUST; RADIATION; LIDAR; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS;
   UNCERTAINTY; ABSORPTION; CLOUDS
AB With a Brewer spectrophotometer, an estimation of total ozone is made from relative measurements of direct-sun ultraviolet radiation at six wavelengths from 300 to 320 nm. During normal operations, one of six neutral-density filters is selected automatically to maintain the detector in its linear response range, On the basis of these standard direct-sun observations, estimates of aerosol optical depth can be derived, provided that a calibration of the relative measurements is available for each neutral-density filter. To obtain the calibration, we implemented a routine to measure direct-sun signals with a fixed neutral-density filter and applied the Langley method to the measured photon counts. Results show that if a sufficiently large number of cloud-free mornings or afternoons is available, a reliable calibration can be achieved even at sea-level sites that are characterized by large aerosol variability. The derived aerosol optical depths appear consistent with those measured independently by a multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer. Existing relatively long-term series of direct-sun ozone measurements by Brewer instruments may be used for retrieval of aerosol optical depth. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA.
EM franco.marenco@casaccia.enea.it
RI Marenco, Franco/J-3667-2012; di Sarra, Alcide/J-1491-2016
OI Marenco, Franco/0000-0002-1833-1102; di Sarra,
   Alcide/0000-0002-2405-2898
NR 32
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1805
EP 1814
DI 10.1364/AO.41.001805
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 533KZ
UT WOS:000174529900029
PM 11921812
ER

PT J
AU Bacolla, A
   Jaworski, A
   Connors, TD
   Larson, JE
   Jakupciak, JP
   O'Connell, C
   Wells, RD
AF Bacolla, A
   Jaworski, A
   Connors, TD
   Larson, JE
   Jakupciak, JP
   O'Connell, C
   Wells, RD
TI PKD1 unusual DNA conformations are recognized by nucleotide excision
   repair.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst HSC, Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Genzyme Corp, Framingham, MA 01701 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Bacolla, Albino/N-3877-2013
OI Bacolla, Albino/0000-0003-0206-8423
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 4
BP A532
EP A532
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 533MG
UT WOS:000174533602950
ER

PT J
AU Castellini, MA
   Castellini, JM
   Calkins, D
   Burkanov, A
   Trumble, S
   Mau, T
AF Castellini, MA
   Castellini, JM
   Calkins, D
   Burkanov, A
   Trumble, S
   Mau, T
TI Diet alone does not predict body condition in marine mammals
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK USA.
   NOAA, Seattle, WA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 4
BP A46
EP A46
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 533MG
UT WOS:000174533600259
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, BC
   Satterfield, M
AF Nelson, BC
   Satterfield, M
TI Development and critical evaluation of LC/MS and LC/MS/MS methods for
   the determination of total homocysteine in human plasma.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 4
BP A541
EP A541
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 533MG
UT WOS:000174533603007
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, BC
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Nelson, CP
AF Nelson, BC
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Nelson, CP
TI Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in plasma by solid phase
   affinity extraction and liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization
   mass spectrometry
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 20
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 4
BP A541
EP A541
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 533MG
UT WOS:000174533603006
ER

PT J
AU Jaruga, P
   Birincioglu, M
   Rodriguez, H
   Dizdaroglu, M
AF Jaruga, P
   Birincioglu, M
   Rodriguez, H
   Dizdaroglu, M
TI Mass spectrometric assays for the tandem lesion 8,5 '-cyclo-2
   '-deoxyguanosine in mammalian DNA
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRADIATED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   RADICAL-INDUCED FORMATION; INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION; REPAIR PATHWAY;
   HUMAN-CELLS; DAMAGE
AB 8,5'-Cyclopurine 2'-deoxynucleosides are among the major lesions in DNA that are formed by attack of hydroxyl radical. These compounds represent a concomitant damage to both sugar and base moieties of the same nucleoside and thus can be considered tandem lesions. Because of the presence of a covalent bond between the sugar and purine moieties, these tandem lesions are not repaired by base excision repair but by nucleotide excision repair. Thus, they may play a role in diseases with defective nucleotide excision repair. We recently reported the identification and quantification of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (8,5'-cdAdo) in DNA by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with the isotope dilution technique (LC/IDMS) [Dizdaroglu, M., Jaruga, P., and Rodriguez, H. (2001) Free Radical Biol. Med. 30, 774-784]. In the present work, we investigated the measurement of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8,5'-cdGuo) in DNA by LC/IDMS. A methodology was developed for the separation of both (5'R)- and (5'S)-diastereomers of this compound in enzymic hydrolysates of DNA. The mass spectra were recorded using an atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray process in the positive ionization mode. For quantification, stable isotope-labeled analogues of (5'R)-8,5'-cdGuo and (5'S)-8,5'-cdGuo were prepared and isolated by semipreparative LC to be used as internal standards. The sensitivity level of LC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode (LC/MS-SIM) was determined to be approximately 15 fmol of these compounds on the LC column. The yield of 8,5'-cdGuo was measured in DNA exposed in aqueous solution to ionizing radiation at doses from 2.5 to 40 Gy. For comparison, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the isotope dilution technique (GC/IDMS) was also employed to measure both (5'R)-8,5'-cdGuo and (5'S)-8,5'-cdGuo in DNA. Both techniques yielded nearly identical results. The radiation chemical yield of 8,5'-cdGuo was similar to those of other major purine-derived lesions in DNA. The sensitivity level of GC/MS-SIM was determined to be significantly greater than that of LC/MS-SIM (1 vs 15 fmol). The background levels of (5'R)-8,5'-cdGuo and (5'S)-8,5'-cdGuo were measured in calf thymus DNA and in DNA samples isolated from three different types of cultured human cells. The levels of (5'R)-8,5'-cdGuo and (5'S)-8,5'-cdGuo were approximately 2 lesions/10(6) DNA nucleosides and 10 lesions/10(6) DNA nucleosides, respectively. No significant differences between tissues were observed in terms of these background levels. The results showed that both LC/IDMS and GC/IDMS are well suited for the sensitive detection and precise quantification of both (5'R)-8,5'-cdGuo and (5'S)-8,5'-cdGuo in DNA.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ludwik Rydygier Med Univ, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
   Inonu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Malatya, Turkey.
RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Bell, Tiffany/F-4403-2010; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
NR 28
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD MAR 19
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 11
BP 3703
EP 3711
DI 10.1021/bi016004d
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 532JR
UT WOS:000174471600020
PM 11888287
ER

PT J
AU Fitts, WP
   White, JM
   Poirier, GE
AF Fitts, WP
   White, JM
   Poirier, GE
TI Thermodynamics of decanethiol adsorption on Au(111): Extension to 0
   degrees C
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; ORGANOSULFUR
   COMPOUNDS; END-GROUP; PHASES; SURFACES; GOLD; MICROSCOPY
AB The coverage-dependent phase behavior of the thiolate formed from docanethiol, CH3(CH2)(9)SH, on Au(111) was studied at 0 degreesC using variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and compared to analogous results for temperatures between 25 and 65 degreesC. At 0 degreesC, the lowest density striped phase, beta, converts to higher density striped phases, delta and chi, at exposures that are significantly less than those required at room temperature. The upright saturation phase, phi, is also obtained with a lower relative exposure. We discuss these results using an extrapolation of the schematic two-dimensional pressure (pi) versus temperature phase diagram developed in previous work. The observed low-temporature phase behavior is rationalized on the basis of thermodynamic considerations. By use of a schematic plot of phase chemical potential versus lateral pressure, the range of exposures over which various phases are thermodynamically stable is assessed as a function of temperature between 0 and 65 degreesC.
C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP White, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
NR 33
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAR 19
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 6
BP 2096
EP 2102
DI 10.1021/la010766s
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 531EL
UT WOS:000174403000022
ER

PT J
AU Gamble, LJ
   Ravel, B
   Fischer, DA
   Castner, DG
AF Gamble, LJ
   Ravel, B
   Fischer, DA
   Castner, DG
TI Surface structure and orientation of PTFE films determined by
   experimental and FEFF8-calculated NEXAFS spectra
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; ENERGY CALCULATIONS;
   CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE;
   MONOLAYERS
AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experiments have provided information about the orientation of adsorbed small molecules, self-assembled monolayers, and polymers. Long fluorocarbon chains are known to have a twisted (or helical) structure due to the steric interactions of the fluorine atoms. Carbon K-edge and fluorine K-edge NEXAFS spectra of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) have been calculated using FEFF8 to determine how changing the helical structure of the PTFE chains affects the NEXAFS spectra. Specific structural parameters varied in the calculations included unwinding the helix, changing bond angles, and theoretically "stretching" the PTFE chains. Changing these structural parameters resulted in changes in the calculated NEXAFS spectra. Experimental NEXAFS spectra were obtained at beamline U7A of the NSLS on highly oriented, rubbed PTFE samples. A large polarization dependence is observed at the fluorine K-edge for the C-F sigma* peak and at the carbon K-edge for the C-F sigma* peaks (at 292.3 and 299 eV) and the C-C sigma* peak (at 295.7 eV), consistent with the fluorocarbon chains oriented parallel to the gold surface along the "rubbing" direction. FEFF8 NEXAFS spectra calculated with self-consistent spherical muffin-tin potentials, a full multiple-scattering formalism, the structural coordinates for bulk PTFE, and no adjustable physical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental NEXAFS spectra, showing the fluorocarbon chains in the rubbed PTFE films have a helical structure.
C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Castner, DG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Box 3351750, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NR 20
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAR 19
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 6
BP 2183
EP 2189
DI 10.1021/la0112581
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 531EL
UT WOS:000174403000034
ER

PT J
AU Hazra, TK
   Izumi, T
   Boldogh, I
   Imhoff, B
   Kow, YW
   Jaruga, P
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Mitra, S
AF Hazra, TK
   Izumi, T
   Boldogh, I
   Imhoff, B
   Kow, YW
   Jaruga, P
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Mitra, S
TI Identification and characterization of a human DNA glycosylase for
   repair of modified bases in oxidatively damaged DNA
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; RETRACTED ARTICLE. SEE; COLI
   ENDONUCLEASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXCISION-REPAIR; FPG PROTEIN;
   HUMAN-CELLS; 8-OXOGUANINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PURINE
   LESIONS
AB 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), ring-opened purines (formamidopyrimidines or Fapys), and other oxidized DNA base lesions generated by reactive oxygen species are often mutagenic and toxic, and have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases, including cancer, and in aging. Repair of these lesions in all organisms occurs primarily via the DNA base excision repair pathway, initiated with their excision by DNA glycosylase/AP lyases, which are of two classes. One class utilizes an internal Lys residue as the active site nucleophile, and includes Escherichia coli Nth and both known mammalian DNA glycosylase/AP lyases, namely, OGG1 and NTH1. E. coli MutM and its paralog Nei, which comprise the second class, use N-terminal Pro as the active site. Here, we report the presence of two human orthologs of E. coli mutM nei genes in the human genome database, and characterize one of their products. Based on the substrate preference, we have named it NEH1 (Nei homolog). The 44-kDa, wild-type recombinant NEH1, purified to homogeneity from E. coli, excises Fapys from damaged DNA, and oxidized pyrimidines and 8-oxoG from oligodeoxynucleotides. Inactivation of the enzyme because of either deletion of N-terminal Pro or Histag fusion at the N terminus supports the role of N-terminal Pro as its active site. The tissue-specific levels of NEW and OGG1 mRNAs are distinct and S phase-specific increase in NEH1 at both RNA and protein levels suggests that NEW is involved in replication-associated repair of oxidized bases.
C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mitra, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, 6-136 Med Res Bldg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
EM samitra@utmb.edu
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81063, CA 84461, CA90860, R01 CA081063, R01 CA084461, R01
   CA090860, R56 CA090860]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06676, P30 ES006676]
NR 46
TC 321
Z9 326
U1 3
U2 17
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 19
PY 2002
VL 99
IS 6
BP 3523
EP 3528
DI 10.1073/pnas.062053799
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 533CC
UT WOS:000174511000032
PM 11904416
ER

PT J
AU Olsen, KG
   Ross, DJ
   Tarlov, MJ
AF Olsen, KG
   Ross, DJ
   Tarlov, MJ
TI Immobilization of DNA hydrogel plugs in microfluidic channels
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROCHIPS; HYBRIDIZATION; DIAGNOSTICS; SYSTEMS; CHIP
AB Acrylamide-modified DNA probes are immobilized in polycarbonate microfluidic channels via photopolymerization in a polyacrylamide matrix. The resulting polymeric, hydrogel plugs are porous under electrophoretic conditions and hybridize with fluorescently tagged complementary DNA. The double-stranded DNA can be chemically denatured, and the chip may be reused with a new analytical sample. Conditions for photopolymerization, hybridization, and denaturation are discussed. We also demonstrate the photopolymerization of plugs containing different DNA probe sequences in one microfluidic channel, thereby enabling the selective detection of multiple DNA targets in one electrophoretic pathway.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.
RP Olsen, KG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 29
TC 85
Z9 89
U1 4
U2 37
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 74
IS 6
BP 1436
EP 1441
DI 10.1021/ac0156969
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 531KQ
UT WOS:000174414900033
PM 11922315
ER

PT J
AU Schneider, AR
   Eadie, BJ
   Baker, JE
AF Schneider, AR
   Eadie, BJ
   Baker, JE
TI Episodic particle transport events controlling PAH and PCB cycling in
   Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENT TRAP FLUXES; SUPERIOR;
   RESUSPENSION; DYNAMICS; ACCUMULATION; TOXAPHENE; ONTARIO
AB To evaluate the influence of episodic events on particle and hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) cycling in the Great Lakes, we deployed sequencing sediment traps at two locations in the western arm of Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. The traps collected integrated samples of settling particles every 2 weeks from May 1997 to September 1999. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (t-PAH) and total polychlorinated biphenyl (t-PCB) settling fluxes from the surface waters in the southern site were significantly greater than those from the northern site. In addition, there were more frequent brief increases in the mass flux to the southern site than to the northern site. These episodic events, which occurred only 20% of the time, accounted for 65% of both the mass flux and t-PAH flux. The t-PCB flux was not influenced by these episodic events, and only 18% of the t-PCB flux occurred during these events. PAHs and PCBs appear to be tracing different types of particles in the water column. Several large mass flux events characteristic of seiches were observed simultaneously in the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) at both the northern and the southern sites. The particles settling as a result of these resuspension events had lower t-PCB and t-PAH concentrations than particles settling at other times. This suggests that the material settling into the traps on the high mass flux days is composed of a mixture of the less contaminated underlying resuspended sediment and the "regular" contaminant-rich particles settling into the BNL.
C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
   NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Baker, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
EM baker@cbl.umces.edu
RI Baker, Joel/A-9685-2011
OI Baker, Joel/0000-0002-9980-7781
NR 30
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 6
BP 1181
EP 1190
DI 10.1021/es011262j
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 532EF
UT WOS:000174458100006
PM 11944667
ER

PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, HH
   Mildner, DFR
   Lamaze, GP
   Lindstrom, RM
AF Chen-Mayer, HH
   Mildner, DFR
   Lamaze, GP
   Lindstrom, RM
TI Imaging of neutron incoherent scattering from hydrogen in metals
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Neutron incoherent scattering is a technique that may be used to determine the concentration of hydrogen within various metallic systems. By measuring the scattered neutrons using a position-sensitive detector, we can determine the amount of hydrogen as well as its location in the matrix. Using a slit or aperture in the scattering geometry, we have demonstrated the imaging of hydrogen in layers of polypropylene sandwiched between sets of titanium plates, and also in titanium standards containing known amounts of hydrogen. We have shown the ability to image hydrogen in titanium at the 100 mug/g level as a function of location. Analysis of the images shows that the scattering from the hydrogen increases linearly with its mass fraction within the titanium. We have also investigated the effects on the images of attenuation of the incident beam prior to scattering. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen-Mayer, HH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 91
IS 6
BP 3669
EP 3674
DI 10.1063/1.1452769
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 527JG
UT WOS:000174182500028
ER

PT J
AU Repetski, EJ
   Yang, DX
   Chopra, HD
   Chen, PJ
   Egelhoff, WF
AF Repetski, EJ
   Yang, DX
   Chopra, HD
   Chen, PJ
   Egelhoff, WF
TI Improved interfaces and magnetic properties in spin valves using
   Ni80Fe20 seed layer
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; SUPERLATTICES
AB The "giant" magnetoresistance (GMR) (Ni80Fe20)O-Co-Cu based "top" spin valves were studied with and without Ni80Fe20 as a seed layer. Microstructure examination shows that without the seed layer, the "free" and the "pinned" Co layers of the spin valves are highly irregular, discontinuous, and connected by pinholes across the Cu spacer layer, resulting in a large coupling >5.96 kA/m (>75 Oe) and a negligible GMR effect (<0.7%). The presence of Ni80Fe20 seed layer leads to continuous layers without pinholes and smooth interfaces in the (Ni80Fe20)O-Co-Cu, thereby essentially eliminating the coupling between the "free" and the "pinned" layers (0.23 kA/m or 2.9 Oe), a more than 25-fold reduction with respect to the seedless spin valves. Reduced detrimental coupling results in more than an order of magnitude increase in GMR (8.5%) in the NiFe seed layer spin valves. Domain studies confirm that the "pinned" and the "free" layers in seedless spin valves reverse their magnetization in an overlapping field range, and independently in spin valves deposited in the presence of a seed layer. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Thin Films, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Mat Program, Nanosynth Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP SUNY Buffalo, Dept Thin Films, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM hchopra@eng.buffalo.edu
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 91
IS 6
BP 3891
EP 3895
DI 10.1063/1.1448892
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 527JG
UT WOS:000174182500060
ER

PT J
AU Skrtic, D
   Antonucci, JM
   Eanes, ED
   Brunworth, RT
AF Skrtic, D
   Antonucci, JM
   Eanes, ED
   Brunworth, RT
TI Silica- and zirconia-hybridized amorphous calcium phosphate: Effect on
   transformation to hydroxyapatite
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE amorphous calcium phosphate; hybridization; silica; zirconia
ID PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; CARIES;
   ENAMEL
AB The goal of this study was to determine the effect that silica and zirconia have on the stability of bioactive amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mineral, i.e., in retarding its transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP). The glass-forming agents, tetraethoxysilane and zirconyl chloride, were introduced individually during the low-temperature preparation of ACP, These hybrid ACPs (Si-ACP and Zr-ACP, respectively) as well as the control, unhybridized ACP (u-ACP), were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, and chemical analysis (Ca/PO4, ratio of the solids) before being dispersed in one of the following four test solutions: N-2-hydroxy-ethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered (pH = 7.40) saline solutions with 0 mug/g fluoride (test solution AI), I mug/g fluoride (test solution A2), and 10 mug /g fluoride (test solution A3), or a lactic acid-containing solution (pH = 5.10, adjusted with NaOH; test solution B). Aliquots were taken at predetermined time intervals for solution Ca and PO, analysis. Solids isolated after 30 and 90 min exposure to solution B as well as the final dissolution/ transformation products from all four solution experiments were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Regardless of the type of experimental solution used, slower conversion to HAP was observed with the hybrid ACPs compared with u-ACP. The retarding effect of the Si or Zr species in the hybridized ACPs is probably due to these ions specifically blocking, by adsorption, potential sites for HAP nucleation and growth. The stability of ACP toward HAP conversion increased in the following order: u-ACP < Si-ACP < Zr-ACP. Hybrid ACP fillers, especially Zr-ACP, could be utilized in applications in which it is desired to enhance performance of composites, sealants, and/or adhesives in preventing demineralization or actively promoting remineralization. (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Inc.*
C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE13169-02]
NR 25
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 10
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0021-9304
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 4
BP 597
EP 604
DI 10.1002/jbm.10017
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 507LQ
UT WOS:000173030300001
PM 11774320
ER

PT J
AU Delene, DJ
   Ogren, JA
AF Delene, DJ
   Ogren, JA
TI Variability of aerosol optical properties at four North American surface
   monitoring sites
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID FRACTION; SULFATE; NEPHELOMETER; SCATTERING; BARROW; ALASKA
AB Aerosol optical properties measured over several years at surface monitoring stations located at Bondville, Illinois (BND); Lamont, Oklahoma (SGP); Sable Island, Nova Scotia (WSA); and Barrow, Alaska (BRW), have been analyzed to determine the importance of the variability in aerosol optical properties to direct aerosol radiative forcing calculations. The amount of aerosol present is of primary importance and the aerosol optical properties are of secondary importance to direct aerosol radiative forcing calculations. The mean aerosol light absorption coefficient (sigma(ap)) is 10 times larger and the mean aerosol scattering coefficient (sigma(sp)) is 5 times larger at the anthropogenically influenced site at BND than at BRW. The aerosol optical properties of single scattering albedo (omega(o)) and hemispheric backscatter fraction (b) have variability of approximately +/-3% and +/-8%, respectively, in mean values among the four stations. To assess the importance of the variability in omega(o) and b on top of the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing calculations, the aerosol radiative forcing efficiency(DeltaF/delta) is calculated. The DeltaF/delta is defined as the aerosol forcing (DeltaF) per unit optical depth (delta) and does not depend explicitly on the amount of aerosol present. Based on measurements at four North American stations, radiative transfer calculations that assume fixed aerosol properties can have errors of 1%-6% in the annual average forcing at the top of the atmosphere due to variations in average single scattering albedo and backscatter fraction among the sites studied. The errors increase when shorter-term variations in aerosol properties are considered; for monthly and hourly timescales, errors are expected to be greater than 8% and 15%, respectively, approximately one-third of the time. Systematic relationships exist between various aerosol optical properties [sigma(ap), omega(o), b, DeltaF/delta, and Angstrom exponent ((a) over circle)] and the amount of aerosol present (measured by sigma(sp)) that are qualitatively similar but quantitatively different among the four stations. These types of systematic relationships and the regional and temporal variations in aerosol optical properties should be considered when using "climatological'' averages.
C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Delene, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, John D Odegard Sch Aerosp Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
EM delene@umac.org
RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015
OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583
NR 21
TC 143
Z9 154
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 6
BP 1135
EP 1150
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1135:VOAOPA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 524NN
UT WOS:000174019900008
ER

PT J
AU Xu, JP
   Noble, M
   Eittreim, SL
   Rosenfeld, LK
   Schwing, FB
   Pilskaln, CH
AF Xu, JP
   Noble, M
   Eittreim, SL
   Rosenfeld, LK
   Schwing, FB
   Pilskaln, CH
TI Distribution and transport of suspended particulate matter in Monterey
   Canyon, California
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE suspended particulate matter; transport; mooring; Monterey Canyon
ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SETTLING VELOCITY; SIZE
AB From August 1993 to August 1994, six moorings that measure current, temperature, salinity, and water clarity were deployed along the axis of Monterey Canyon to study the circulation and transport of water and suspended particulate matter through the canyon system. The moorings occupied three sites that are morphologically different: a narrow transverse section (axis width 900 m) at 1450 m water depth, a wide transverse section at 2837 m, and a third site in the fan valley axis farther offshore at 3223 m that recorded for 3 yr. In addition, CTD/transmissometer casts were conducted within and near the Monterey Canyon during four cruises. Our data show a mainly biogenic, surface turbid layer, a limited intermediate nepheloid layer, and a bottom nepheloid layer. There is a consistent presence of a turbid layer within the canyon at a water depth of about 1500 m. Tidal flow dominates at all sites, but currents above the canyon rim and within the canyon appear to belong to two distinct dynamic systems. Bottom intensification of currents plays an important role in raising the near-bottom shear stress high enough that bottom sediments are often, if not always, resuspended. Mean flow pattern suggests a convergence zone between the narrow and wide site: the near-bed (100 m above bottom where the lowest current meter was located) mean transport is down-canyon at the 1450-m site. while the near-bottom transport at the 2837-m site is up-canyon. at a smaller magnitude. Transport at the 3223-m site is dominantly NNW, cross-canyon, with periods of up-canyon flow over 3 yr. A very high-turbidity event was recorded 100 m above the canyon bottom at the narrow site. The event started very abruptly and lasted more than a week. This event was not detected at either of the deeper sites. A canyon head flushing event is likely the cause. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
   NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
   Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 33
TC 71
Z9 75
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 181
IS 1-3
BP 215
EP 234
AR PII S0025-3227(01)00268-7
DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00268-7
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 543BT
UT WOS:000175081800011
ER

PT J
AU Campillo, AL
   Hsu, JWP
   Bryant, GW
AF Campillo, AL
   Hsu, JWP
   Bryant, GW
TI Local imaging of photonic structures: image contrast from impedance
   mismatch
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION; CRYSTAL; FILMS; DEFECT
AB Photonic structures made from square arrays of air holes in Si3Nx membranes are locally imaged by near-field optical microscopy in illumination mode. Holes with diameters smaller than and larger than the wavelength of light are investigated. Counterintuitively, the holes appear dark and the film is bright in transmission images for both hole sizes. Modeling shows that the dominant contrast mechanism is enhanced light emission from the tip when the tip is above the film. Tip emission is enhanced because the tip-air impedance mismatch is reduced when the tip is above the high-index film. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 27
IS 6
BP 415
EP 417
DI 10.1364/OL.27.000415
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 531WT
UT WOS:000174440800013
PM 18007819
ER

PT J
AU Rahmani, A
   Chaumet, PC
   Bryant, GW
AF Rahmani, A
   Chaumet, PC
   Bryant, GW
TI Local-field correction for an interstitial impurity in a crystal
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS;
   ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; FINITE GEOMETRIES; SCATTERING; DIELECTRICS;
   CONDUCTORS; GRAINS; LIGHT; ATOMS
AB The local-field correction experienced by an interstitial impurity in a crystal with cubic symmetry is derived by use of a rigorous, self-consistent, semimicroscopic description of spontaneous emission in a microcavity. We compute the local-field factor for various positions of the impurity inside the crystal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the local-field factor can be computed from a simple electrostatic model as a rapidly converging lattice sum. We show that the agreement between the predictions of this simple model and the rigorous calculations is remarkable, opening the way to a simple, general theory of a local-field effect for an impurity in a crystal with arbitrary symmetry. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rahmani, A (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Rahmani, Adel/G-6406-2011; patrick, Chaumet/B-6918-2013
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 27
IS 6
BP 430
EP 432
DI 10.1364/OL.27.000430
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 531WT
UT WOS:000174440800018
PM 18007824
ER

PT J
AU Fortier, TM
   Ye, J
   Cundiff, ST
   Windeler, RS
AF Fortier, TM
   Ye, J
   Cundiff, ST
   Windeler, RS
TI Nonlinear phase noise generated in air-silica microstructure fiber and
   its effect on carrier-envelope phase
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLE LASER-PULSE; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FREQUENCY
AB We present measurements of the nonlinear phase noise that is due to amplitude-to-phase conversion in air-silica microstructure fiber that is utilized to broaden the frequency comb from a mode-locked femtosecond laser to an optical octave. When the octave of the continuum is employed to phase stabilize the laser-pulse train, this phase noise causes a change in the carrier-envelope phase of 3784-rad/nJ change in pulse energy. As a result, the jitter on the carrier-envelope phase that is due to fiber noise, from 0.03 Hz-55 kHz, is similar to0.5 rad. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07733 USA.
RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; 
NR 17
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 8
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 27
IS 6
BP 445
EP 447
DI 10.1364/OL.27.000445
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 531WT
UT WOS:000174440800023
PM 18007829
ER

PT J
AU Robey, SW
AF Robey, SW
TI Kinetic instabilities during plasma etching of GaAs(001)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; KURAMOTO-SIVASHINSKY EQUATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH;
   MORPHOLOGY; SURFACES; DESORPTION; GAAS(110); EROSION; GE(001)
AB We present an investigation of kinetic roughening during CH(4)/H(2) plasma etching of GaAs (001). Desorption, surface diffusion, and step-edge diffusion barrier effects compete to determine surface morphology. We show that a continuum model based on the anisotropic Kuramoto-Shivashinsky equation is appropriate in the temperature range from similar to520 to 650 K. An instability arises due to Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barriers and leads to wavelength selection along the GaAs [1 (1) over bar0] direction. The instability is weakened by etching/desorption effects compared to analogous growth situations. Theoretical results for the kinetic coefficients are used to estimate the ES barrier, E(S)similar to0.05 eV.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Robey, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 11
AR 115306
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.115306
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UH
UT WOS:000174548400075
ER

PT J
AU Kucklick, JR
   Struntz, WDJ
   Becker, PR
   York, GW
   O'Hara, TM
   Bohonowych, JE
AF Kucklick, JR
   Struntz, WDJ
   Becker, PR
   York, GW
   O'Hara, TM
   Bohonowych, JE
TI Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears
   collected from northern Alaska
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ringed seal; polar bear; Alaska; Arctic; persistent organochlorine
   pollutants; organochlorines; bioaccumulation
ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; PHOCA-HISPIDA;
   URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CONTAMINANT LEVELS; TEMPORAL
   TRENDS; BOWHEAD WHALES; PESTICIDES; BLUBBER
AB Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n = 8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n = 5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of SigmaPCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732 +/- 282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395 +/- 1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of SigmaDDTs, SigmaHCHs (alpha-, beta- and gamma- HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562 +/- 261 ng/g vs. 74.8 +/- 39 ng/g, 380 +/- 213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4 +/- 10.1 ng/g vs. 183 +/- 153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane (Sigmachlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753 +/- 617 ng/g vs. 720 +/- 315 ng/g and 38.6 +/- 22.8 ng/g vs. 130 +/- 65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   US Geol Survey, Alaska BIol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.kucklick@nist.gov
NR 38
TC 79
Z9 80
U1 0
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAR 15
PY 2002
VL 287
IS 1-2
BP 45
EP 59
AR PII S0048-9697(01)00997-4
DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 525MW
UT WOS:000174076400005
PM 11885579
ER

PT J
AU Fultz, B
   Witham, CK
   Udovic, TJ
AF Fultz, B
   Witham, CK
   Udovic, TJ
TI Distributions of hydrogen and strains in LaNi5 and LaNi4.75Sn0.25
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydriding; hydrogen-solute interactions; nickel-metal hydride
ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING STABILITY; HYDRIDE-FORMING COMPOUNDS; STORAGE
   ALLOYS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; METAL-HYDRIDES; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES;
   LANI5-XSNX-H; DEGRADATION; DIFFRACTION
AB Hydrogen distributions and internal strains that accompany hydriding of binary LaNi5 were compared to those of the ternary alloy LaNi47.5Sn0.25, which is known to have a cycle life superior to that of LaNi5 in electrochemical cells and in gas storage applications. X-ray diffractometry shows that the unit cell volume of the hydride phase changes more continuously with hydrogen concentration in LaNi4.75Sn0.25 than in binary LaNi5. Gas-phase isotherms show that the Sit atoms make significant changes to the local chemical potential of hydrogen atoms. Using generic hydrogen-solute interactions in Monte Carlo simulations and physical arguments, it is shown that normal coarsening of hydride zones will be altered, or even arrested, by hydrogen-solute interactions. Small-angle neutron scattering shows that the distribution of deuterium in partially-deuterated LaNi4.75Sn0.25 is more homogeneous than, in partially-deuterated LaNi5, at least on the spatial scales around 100 Angstrom. It is suggested that the more homogeneous deuterium distribution in LaNi4.75Sn0.25 suppresses the strain gradients that cause decrepitation of the metal hydride. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 CALTECH, Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP CALTECH, Keck Lab, MS 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM btf@hyperfine.caltech.edu
NR 53
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
EI 1873-4669
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD MAR 14
PY 2002
VL 335
IS 1-2
BP 165
EP 175
AR PII S0925-8388(01)01857-6
DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01857-6
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 530BB
UT WOS:000174334800032
ER

PT J
AU Rolston, SL
   Phillips, WD
AF Rolston, SL
   Phillips, WD
TI Nonlinear and quantum atom optics
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Review
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-COHERENT AMPLIFICATION; STANDING
   LIGHT-WAVE; MATTER WAVES; OUTPUT COUPLER; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION;
   SOLITONS; STATES; LASER
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rolston, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013
OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190
NR 43
TC 73
Z9 77
U1 2
U2 18
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 14
PY 2002
VL 416
IS 6877
BP 219
EP 224
DI 10.1038/416219a
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 530FR
UT WOS:000174348100048
PM 11894105
ER

PT J
AU Burnett, K
   Julienne, PS
   Lett, PD
   Tiesinga, E
   Williams, CJ
AF Burnett, K
   Julienne, PS
   Lett, PD
   Tiesinga, E
   Williams, CJ
TI Quantum encounters of the cold kind
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Review
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; STATE POTASSIUM MOLECULES; SCATTERING LENGTHS;
   PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; COLLISIONAL
   PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE LIFETIME; COOLED ATOMS; ENTANGLEMENT; RESONANCE
C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Burnett, K (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 56
TC 73
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 12
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 14
PY 2002
VL 416
IS 6877
BP 225
EP 232
DI 10.1038/416225a
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 530FR
UT WOS:000174348100049
PM 11894106
ER

PT J
AU Wasche, R
   Naito, M
   Hackley, VA
AF Wasche, R
   Naito, M
   Hackley, VA
TI Experimental study on zeta potential and streaming potential of advanced
   ceramic powders
SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE zeta potential; streaming potential; ceramic powders; correlation of
   measurement
AB Zeta potential as measured with the electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) method has been compared to streaming potential as measured with the particle charge detection (PCD) method. The measurements have been carried out on identical suspensions of alpha-Al2O3, SiC and Si3N4 with a solids volume fraction of 1% and 10%. Zeta potential and streaming potential are related by a linear function. The correlation coefficients for this relationship are better than 0.99 for the suspensions with 1% solids loading. For the suspensions with 10% solids loading, correlation coefficients are slightly lower due to the influence of increasing viscosity. Regardless of lower correlation at the higher solids loading, the isoelectric pH is constant within the Emits of accuracy of the pH measurements. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
   Japan Fire Ceram Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wasche, R (reprint author), Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Unter Den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
NR 13
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0032-5910
J9 POWDER TECHNOL
JI Powder Technol.
PD MAR 11
PY 2002
VL 123
IS 2-3
BP 275
EP 281
AR PII S0032-5910(01)00462-4
DI 10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00462-4
PG 7
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 532PF
UT WOS:000174483700018
ER

PT J
AU Zibrov, AS
   Matsko, AB
   Hollberg, L
   Velichansky, VL
AF Zibrov, AS
   Matsko, AB
   Hollberg, L
   Velichansky, VL
TI Resonant enhancement of refractive index in a cascade scheme
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics
CY JAN 08-11, 2001
CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH
ID SELECTIVE REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY ATOMIC VAPOR; QUANTUM
   COHERENCE; LOCAL-FIELD; INTERFERENCE; LINE; INTERFACE; CESIUM; PROBE
AB The refractive index of coherently driven rubidium vapour is experimentally investigated in a three-level cascade configuration using a selective reflection technique. The maximum measured resonant change in the refractive index is Deltan similar or equal to 0.1. The selective reflection is accompanied by a four-wave-mixing process that can reach similar to90% efficiency.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   RAS, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia.
RP Zibrov, AS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RI Matsko, Andrey/A-1272-2007; Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov,
   Alexander/G-7419-2014
NR 30
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD MAR 10
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 3-4
BP 359
EP 365
DI 10.1080/09500340110088588
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 524KQ
UT WOS:000174012700004
ER

PT J
AU Shelton, RK
   Ma, LS
   Kapteyn, HC
   Murnane, MM
   Hall, JL
   Ye, J
AF Shelton, RK
   Ma, LS
   Kapteyn, HC
   Murnane, MM
   Hall, JL
   Ye, J
TI Active synchronization and carrier phase locking of two separate
   mode-locked femtosecond lasers
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics
CY JAN 08-11, 2001
CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH
ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; SCATTERING; PULSES
AB Two independent mode-locked femtosecond lasers are synchronized to an unprecedented precision. The rms timing jitter between the lasers is 4.3 fs observed within a 160 Hz bandwidth over tens of seconds, or 26 fs within a 50 kHz bandwidth. Novel multi-stage phase-locked loops help to preserve this ultrahigh timing resolution while setting on arbitrary delay between the two pulse trains (0-5 ns). Under such synchronization, phase locking between the carrier frequencies of the two femtosecond lasers has been achieved, It is also demonstrated that the same level of synchronization can be achieved with two lasers at different repetition frequencies.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Shelton, RK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD MAR 10
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 3-4
BP 401
EP 409
DI 10.1080/09500340110088533
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 524KQ
UT WOS:000174012700008
ER

PT J
AU Muller, AM
   Kompa, KL
AF Muller, AM
   Kompa, KL
TI Two aspects of ultrafast photodynamics: molecular photo-ionization and
   coherent control of molecular fragmentation and photoreactions involving
   conical intersections
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics
CY JAN 08-11, 2001
CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH
ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; WHITE-LIGHT CONTINUUM; LASER-PULSES;
   CYCLOHEXADIENE; SELECTIVITY; DYNAMICS
C1 Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RP Muller, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD MAR 10
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 3-4
BP 627
EP 633
DI 10.1080/09500340110090828
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 524KQ
UT WOS:000174012700026
ER

PT J
AU Hudgens, JW
   Gonzalez, C
AF Hudgens, JW
   Gonzalez, C
TI Chlorination chemistry. 3. Ab initio study of the reaction of chlorine
   atom with allene
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-TYPE
   BASIS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; BASIS-SETS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SPIN
   PROJECTION; SELF-REACTION; KINETICS; ENERGIES
AB Highly correlated ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been used to map out the potential energy surface of the C1 + allene reaction in the gas phase. Eight transition state structures governing the mechanism of the title reaction were computed at seven different levels of theory. The results show that UMP2 calculations are adversely affected by contamination from higher spin states. QCISD(T) calculations illustrate the importance of correlation including triple electron excitations in the quadratic configuration wave function for obtaining an accurate description of the potential energy surface. Results computed at the QCISD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)// QCISD/6-31+G(d,p) level indicate that chlorine atom addition at the center and end carbons of allene are barrierless processes and that the chemically activated C3H4CI complex may isomerize through chlorine atom transfer but not through hydrogen atom transfer. The metathesis transition state corresponding to hydrogen abstraction by chlorine lies 15 kJ(.)mol(-1) above reactants. The isomerization reaction path between the 3-chloroI-propen-2-yl and 2-chloroallyl radical adducts lies below the initial reactants, permitting the incipient C3H4Cl ensembles to establish equilibrium. Thus, the dominant addition product of C1 + allene is the 2-chloroallyl radical.
C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD MAR 7
PY 2002
VL 106
IS 9
BP 1739
EP 1745
DI 10.1021/jp013862a
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 531CM
UT WOS:000174398500013
ER

PT J
AU Markstrom, M
   Cole, KD
   Akerman, B
AF Markstrom, M
   Cole, KD
   Akerman, B
TI DNA electrophoresis in gellan gels. The effect of electroosmosis and
   polymer additives
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); AGAROSE GELS;
   CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CYCLIC MIGRATION;
   FIELD; ORIENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOSITY
AB The polysacharide gellan forms hydrogels if a divalent ion such as calcium is added at millimolar concentrations. The gel can be reversed to solution by adding EDTA, which makes it a promising candidate for preparative electrophoretic separation of biomolecules. We have studied the electrophoretic migration of double-stranded T4 DNA (164 kilobase pairs) in gellan gels by velocity measurements and by linear dichroism spectroscopy studies of the DNA coil conformation during the migration. The gels either contained 0.3% of high molecular weight (5 x 106) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), to suppress the electroosmosis induced by the negative charges of the gellan polymer, or were free of such added polymer and therefore exhibited an electroosmotic flow which is opposite to the DNA migration. In both cases, the viral DNA migrate in an oscillatory manner between stretched and coiled states, because it becomes entangled with the gellan gel fibers. In the stretched state of the cycle, the molecules are substantially aligned with the field. As the field is turned off, the alignment relaxes first by a rapid (seconds) stretch relaxation along the aligned path in the gel, followed by a slower (minutes) end-on type of motion to the equilibrium isotropic coil state. The added PEO has two effects on the DNA migration. An indirect effect is that the quenched electroosmosis leads to a stronger stretching of the DNA and to shorter cycle period times because the ends of the molecules move faster in the absence of the counter flow. A direct effect is that the PEO itself retards the DNA motion, most likely because of a combination of hydrodynamic interactions and entanglement effects. The net result of these two opposing PEO effects is that the center-of-mass velocity of the DNA increases by a factor of about 2 upon addition of PEO.
C1 Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Akerman, B (reprint author), Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RI Markstrom, Martin/F-6057-2011
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD MAR 7
PY 2002
VL 106
IS 9
BP 2349
EP 2356
DI 10.1021/jp011617l
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 531EN
UT WOS:000174403200033
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, DM
   Archer, D
AF Anderson, DM
   Archer, D
TI Glacial-interglacial stability of ocean pH inferred from foraminifer
   dissolution rates
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP-SEA; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PRESERVATION; WATER;
   CIRCULATION; SOLUBILITY; PRESSURE
AB The pH of the ocean is controlled by the chemistry of calcium carbonate. This system in turn plays a large role in regulating the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere on timescales of thousands of years and longer. Reconstructions of ocean pH and carbonate-ion concentration are therefore needed to understand the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the pH of the whole ocean is thought to have been significantly more basic(1), as inferred from the isotopic composition of boron incorporated into calcium carbonate shells, which would partially explain the lower atmospheric CO2 concentration at that time. Here we reconstruct carbonate-ion concentration-and hence pH-of the glacial oceans, using the extent of calcium carbonate dissolution observed in foraminifer faunal assemblages as compiled in the extensive global CLIMAP data set(2). We observe decreased carbonate-ion concentrations in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, by roughly 20 mumol kg(-1), while little change occurred in the Indian and Pacific oceans relative to today. In the Pacific Ocean, a small (5 mumol kg(-1)) increase occurred below 3,000 m. This rearrangement of ocean pH may be due to changing ocean circulation from glacial to present times, but overall we see no evidence for a shift in the whole-ocean pH as previously inferred from boron isotopes(1).
C1 NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011; Archer, David/K-7371-2012
OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4523-7912
NR 24
TC 62
Z9 68
U1 4
U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 7
PY 2002
VL 416
IS 6876
BP 70
EP 73
DI 10.1038/416070a
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 527WU
UT WOS:000174211600039
PM 11882893
ER

PT J
AU Kiselev, SB
   Ely, JF
   Abdulagatov, M
   Bazaev, AR
   Magee, JW
AF Kiselev, SB
   Ely, JF
   Abdulagatov, M
   Bazaev, AR
   Magee, JW
TI Equation of state and thermodynamic properties of pure toluene and
   dilute aqueous toluene solutions in the critical and supercritical
   regions
SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID PLUS HYDROCARBON SYSTEMS; SOLVENTS CRITICAL-POINT; CRITICAL
   PHASE-BEHAVIOR; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; BINARY-MIXTURES; FLUID MIXTURES;
   AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CORRESPONDING STATES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES;
   CROSSOVER-BEHAVIOR
AB In this paper, we report new PVTx measurements for water + toluene binary mixtures at 11 near-critical and supercritical isotherms T = 623, 627, 629, 631, 633, 643, 645, 647, 649, 651, and 673 K and pressures up to 39 MPa at a fixed concentration of x = 0.0287 mole fraction of toluene. Using these PVTx data together with data obtained earlier by other authors, we developed a crossover Helmholtz free-energy model (CREOS) for pure toluene and dilute aqueous toluene solutions in a wide range of the parameters of state around the vapor-liquid critical points. In the temperature range 593 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 680 K and density range 100 kg(.)m(-3) less than or equal to p less than or equal to 500 kg(.)m(-3), the CREOS reproduces the PVT data for pure toluene with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of about 0.5%, the C-P data with an AAD of about 1%, and the sound velocity data with an AAD of about 2.6%. In water + toluene mixtures, the CREOS yields an adequate description of all available experimental data in the region bounded by 0.35rho(c)(x) less than or equal to rho less than or equal to 1.65rho(c)(x) and 0.98T(c)(x) less than or equal to T less than or equal to 1.15T(c)(x) at x less than or equal to 0.04 mole fraction of toluene. The possibility of extrapolating the CREOS model to lower temperatures, 0.93T(c) less than or equal to T less than or equal toT(c) and higher densities and concentrations, up to rho = 2rho(c) and x = 0.12, is also discussed.
C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala 367030, Dagestan, Russia.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kiselev, SB (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593
NR 131
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0888-5885
J9 IND ENG CHEM RES
JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
PD MAR 6
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 5
BP 1000
EP 1016
DI 10.1021/ie010307m
PG 17
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 526DR
UT WOS:000174114200013
ER

PT J
AU Fitts, WP
   White, JM
   Poirier, GE
AF Fitts, WP
   White, JM
   Poirier, GE
TI Low-coverage decanethiolate structure on Au(111): Substrate effects
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH
   DEPENDENCE; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; END-GROUP;
   SURFACE; RECONSTRUCTION; ADSORPTION; SULFIDES
AB The effects that a reconstructed (herringbone) and stepped Au(111) surface have on the structure of submonolayers of decanethiolate were studied by variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (VT-STM) between 25 and 60 degreesC. At 25 degreesC, formation of lattice gas (alpha) species at low coverages alters the herringbone structure by shortening the periodicity of the elbows from 25 to 15 nm. In addition, small beta-phase islands nucleate and grow anisotropically in regions of fcc stacking. These domains grow by incorporating nearby lattice gas species, consuming herringbone ridges and altering the remnant ridges that surround them. In a given domain, the beta-phase rows take one of the three [121] directions of the Au(111) surface. No beta-phase is found in regions of hcp stacking or in the bridge atom regions separating the fcc and hcp stacked regions. Increasing the coverage increases the beta-phase island size at the expense of herringbone ridges that bound the domains. For a coverage that saturates the beta-phase (similar to0.25 of the closest packing achievable), raising the temperature to 30 or 40 degreesC increases the average size of the beta-phase islands by condensation of neighboring islands with no evidence, at the selected coverage, for the presence of any other thiolate phase. At 60 degreesC, well above the thiolate melting point to form the epsilon-phase, small beta-phase domains remain. These are stabilized by boundaries of two types remnant herringbone and step edges and for a given domain, fluctuations of the distribution between the epsilon- and beta-phases were observed on a time scale of minutes.
C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP White, JM (reprint author), Intel Corp, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy,MS AL3-66, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
NR 41
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAR 5
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1561
EP 1566
DI 10.1021/la0107650
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 526KW
UT WOS:000174130500018
ER

PT J
AU Mackay, ME
   Hong, Y
   Jeong, M
   Hong, S
   Russell, TP
   Hawker, CJ
   Vestberg, R
   Douglas, JF
AF Mackay, ME
   Hong, Y
   Jeong, M
   Hong, S
   Russell, TP
   Hawker, CJ
   Vestberg, R
   Douglas, JF
TI Influence of dendrimer additives on the dewetting of thin polystyrene
   films
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; POLYMER-FILMS; SURFACE-TENSION; LIQUID-FILMS; MELT
   VISCOSITY; MACROMOLECULES; CONFORMATION; SUPPRESSION; TEMPERATURE;
   TRANSITION
AB A small mass concentration of poly(benzyl ether) dendrimer added to a low molecular mass polystyrene is found to inhibit the dewetting of a thin (approximate to50 nm) polystyrene film from an acid-etched silicon substrate, The inhibition effect is found to depend on generation number where the lowest generation (G = 3) tested was the most effective. Our findings are qualitatively similar to previous observations by Barnes et al. [Macromolecules 2000,33,4177-4185.] where the addition of fullerenes ("buckyballs", C-60) similarly inhibited the dewetting of thin polystyrene and polybutadiene films. Thus, dewetting inhibition by nanoparticles appears to be a general effect, although certain conditions apparently need to be met for its occurrence. Specifically, a general tendency for the particles to segregate to the solid substrate seems to be required and the interaction between the particles and polymer must not be too unfavorable. The phase boundaries of the dendrimer-polymer mixtures depend on the generation, the higher generation being more miscible in terms of mass fraction. This suggests that the driving force for the dendrimer to segregate to the boundary is varied by changing the generation number, thus giving rise to a dendrimer generational effect on dewetting suppression.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Engn & Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   IBM Corp, Almaden Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mackay, ME (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RI Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011
OI Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X
NR 40
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAR 5
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1877
EP 1882
DI 10.1021/la011542c
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 526KW
UT WOS:000174130500063
ER

PT J
AU Chiofalo, ML
   Kokkelmans, SJJMF
   Milstein, JN
   Holland, MJ
AF Chiofalo, ML
   Kokkelmans, SJJMF
   Milstein, JN
   Holland, MJ
TI Signatures of resonance superfluidity in a quantum Fermi gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; OPTICAL-DETECTION; ATOMIC GAS; TRANSITION;
   ENERGY; LI-6; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB We predict a direct and observable signature of the superfluid phase in a quantum Fermi gas, in a temperature regime already accessible in current experiments. We apply the theory of resonance super-fluidity to a gas confined in a harmonic potential and demonstrate that a significant increase in density will be observed in the vicinity of the trap center.
C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 44
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 4
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 9
AR 090402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.090402
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 527WZ
UT WOS:000174212100002
PM 11863985
ER

PT J
AU Dudowicz, J
   Freed, KF
   Douglas, JF
AF Dudowicz, J
   Freed, KF
   Douglas, JF
TI Beyond Flory-Huggins theory: New classes of blend miscibility associated
   with monomer structural asymmetry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER BLENDS; COMPRESSIBLE
   SYSTEMS; PHASE-SEPARATION; MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; LIMIT
AB Flory-Huggins (FH) theory is restricted to polymer mixtures whose monomers are structurally identical, a situation limited to isotopic blends and computer simulations. We investigate the influence of monomer structure on blend miscibility and scattering properties using the lattice cluster theory generalization of the FH model. Monomer structural asymmetry is shown to profoundly affect blend miscibility (T-c, phi(c)), chain swelling (T-theta), and the scale (xi) and intensity [S(0)] of composition fluctuations. Four distinct blend miscibility classes are identified and experimental evidence for these classes is discussed.
C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 56678]
NR 29
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAR 4
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 9
AR 095503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.095503
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 527WZ
UT WOS:000174212100041
PM 11864024
ER

PT J
AU Toledano, JC
   Berry, RS
   Brown, PJ
   Glazer, AM
   Metselaar, R
   Pandey, D
   Perez-Mato, JM
   Roth, RS
   Abrahams, SC
AF Toledano, JC
   Berry, RS
   Brown, PJ
   Glazer, AM
   Metselaar, R
   Pandey, D
   Perez-Mato, JM
   Roth, RS
   Abrahams, SC
TI Response to K. H. Kuo's Comments on quasicrystalline phases and examples
   of quasicrystalline phase nomenclature in Nomenclature of magnetic,
   incommensurate, composition-changed morphotropic, polytype,
   transient-structural and quasicrystalline phases undergoing phase
   transitions. II. Report of an IUCr Working Group on Phase Transition
   Nomenclature by J.-C. Toledano et al. (2001). Acta Cryst. A57, 614-626
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A
LA English
DT Letter
C1 So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA.
   Ecole Polytech, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
   Ecole Polytech, Dept Phys, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
   Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Solid State & Mat Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
   Banaras Hindu Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Technol, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
   Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC 20234 USA.
RP Abrahams, SC (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA.
EM sca@mind.net
RI Perez-Mato, J. Manuel/G-8669-2015
OI Perez-Mato, J. Manuel/0000-0001-5047-0578
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0108-7673
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 58
BP 210
EP 210
DI 10.1107/S0108767301021341
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 520RX
UT WOS:000173796100014
ER

PT J
AU Kokkelmans, S
   Holland, M
   Walser, R
   Chiofalo, M
AF Kokkelmans, S
   Holland, M
   Walser, R
   Chiofalo, M
TI Resonance superfluidity in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas
SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Quantum Optics V Conference
CY JUN 20-27, 2001
CL KOSCIELISKO, POLAND
SP Ctr Theoret Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; FESHBACH RESONANCES; ATOMIC GAS; LI-6;
   COLLISIONS
AB We consider the superfluid phase transition that arises when a Feshbach resonance pairing occurs in a dilute Fermi gas. This is related to the phenomenon of superconductivity described by the seminal Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. In superconductivity, the phase transition is caused by a coupling between pairs of electrons within the medium. This coupling is perturbative and leads to a critical temperature T, which is small compared to the Fermi temperature T-F. Even high-T-c superconductors typically have a critical temperature which is two orders of magnitude below TF. Here we describe a resonance pairing mechanism in a quantum degenerate gas of potassium (K-40) atoms which leads to superfluidity in a novel regime - a regime that promises the unique opportunity to experimentally study the cross-over from the Bardeen - Cooper-Schrieffer phase of weakly-coupled fermions to the Bose-Einstein condensate of strongly-bound composite bosons. We find that the transition to a superfluid phase is possible at the high critical temperature of about 0.5T(F). It should be straightforward to verify this prediction, since these temperatures can already be achieved experimentally.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
RP Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS
PI WARSAW
PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND
SN 0587-4246
EI 1898-794X
J9 ACTA PHYS POL A
JI Acta Phys. Pol. A
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 101
IS 3
BP 387
EP 397
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 539PT
UT WOS:000174880200008
ER

PT J
AU Knappe, S
   Kitching, J
   Hollberg, L
   Wynands, R
AF Knappe, S
   Kitching, J
   Hollberg, L
   Wynands, R
TI Temperature dependence of coherent population trapping resonances
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DARK RESONANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; VCSEL; VAPOR
AB We measure the properties of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in Cs vapor cells of temperature. We expected the CPT signal to increase with higher vapor density, but instead the signal fades away above a certain density. Two possible density-dependent explanations are discussed: spin-exchange collisions, which are found to give no relevant contribution at the temperatures considered here, and increased absorption due to the optical thickness of the vapor. The dependence of the dark-line resonance amplitude as a function of cell temperature can be well represented by a simple model based on the optical thickness of the vapor as a function of temperature.
C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
   NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wynands, R (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Angew Phys, Wegelerstr 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 74
IS 3
BP 217
EP 222
DI 10.1007/s003400200800
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 536CV
UT WOS:000174683900003
ER

PT J
AU Bushby, ST
AF Bushby, ST
TI New tools for specifying BACnet (R)
SO ASHRAE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bushby, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2491
J9 ASHRAE J
JI ASHRAE J.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 3
BP 33
EP +
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
   Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 530EP
UT WOS:000174343100007
ER

PT J
AU Berggren, P
   Wade, PR
   Carlstrom, J
   Read, AJ
AF Berggren, P
   Wade, PR
   Carlstrom, J
   Read, AJ
TI Potential limits to anthropogenic mortality for harbour porpoises in the
   Baltic region
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE mortality limit; harbour porpoises; Baltic; by-catch; ASCOBANS
ID KATTEGAT-SKAGERRAK SEAS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; INCIDENTAL MORTALITY;
   WEST-COAST; NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES; CETACEANS; PATTERNS; NORWAY; CATCH
AB We estimated potential limits to anthropogenic mortality for harbour porpoises in the Baltic region (the Skagerrak, Kattegat, Great Belt and Little Belt Seas, the Kiel and Mecklenburg Bights, and the Baltic Sea) using conservation objectives set by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans in the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS). Mortality limits (ML) were calculated as the product of. a minimum estimate of abundance, one-half the maximum rate of increase and an uncertainty factor. Previous models show that if anthropogenic mortality is less than ML, a depleted population should recover to more than 80% of carrying capacity, meeting the conservation objectives of ASCOBANS. Minimum estimates of by-catches exceed ML for the population structure hypothesis tested. indicating that these catches will impede recovery. The same result was also evident for other hypothetical population structures. We conclude that immediate management actions are necessary to reduce the magnitude of by-catches to meet the conservation objectives of ASCOBANS. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
   Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Berggren, P (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
NR 51
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 103
IS 3
BP 313
EP 322
DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00142-2
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 511KD
UT WOS:000173262300006
ER

PT J
AU Tamburri, MN
   Wasson, K
   Matsuda, M
AF Tamburri, MN
   Wasson, K
   Matsuda, M
TI Ballast water deoxygenation can prevent aquatic introductions while
   reducing ship corrosion
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE invasive species; ballast water; corrosion; deoxygenation; oxygen
   tolerance
ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL HYPOXIA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA;
   ENERGY-METABOLISM; FOOD-WEB; TOLERANCE; TRANSPORT; INVASIONS; MARINE;
   ESTUARINE
AB One of the most important mechanisms for the introduction of aquatic nuisance species is transport in ship ballast waters Although several ballast tank treatments to prevent transport of aquatic organisms appear promising, all existing approaches will result in significant costs to the shipping industry. This study describes a treatment that can dramatically reduce the survivorship of most organisms found in ballast waters while providing economic benefits to ship owners. Purging of oxygen from ballast tanks with nitrogen was recently found to be a cost-effective technique for reducing corrosion and therefore extending ship life We tested the tolerance of larvae of known invasive invertebrate species to low levels of oxygen, comparable with those resulting from the anticorrosion treatment, and detected significant levels of mortality. Two separate literature reviews further support the conclusion that few organisms will be able to withstand extended periods of exposure to nitrogen-treated ballast water. This novel deoxygenation technique may therefore have direct benefits to both marine conservation and the shipping industry (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA.
   Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2378555, Japan.
RP Tamburri, MN (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RI Tamburri, Mario/F-7193-2013
NR 54
TC 60
Z9 65
U1 2
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 103
IS 3
BP 331
EP 341
DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00144-6
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 511KD
UT WOS:000173262300008
ER

PT J
AU Roy, NK
   Courtenay, S
   Maxwell, G
   Yuan, ZP
   Chambers, RC
   Wirgin, I
AF Roy, NK
   Courtenay, S
   Maxwell, G
   Yuan, ZP
   Chambers, RC
   Wirgin, I
TI Cytochrome P4501A1 is induced by PCB 77 and benzo[a] pyrene treatment
   but not by exposure to the Hudson River environment in Atlantic tomcod
   (Microgadus tomcod) post-yolk sac larvae
SO BIOMARKERS
LA English
DT Article
DE competitive RT-PCR; cytochrome P4501A1; PCBs; PAHs; postlarvae;
   biomarkers
ID LIFE-STAGE DEVELOPMENT; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MESSENGER-RNA
   EXPRESSION; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS;
   2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; CYP1A1; QUANTITATION; POPULATIONS;
   INDUCTION
AB In fish, the embryos and larvae are the life-stages most sensitive to damage from environmentally borne dioxin-like compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Methods are not routinely available to measure the body burdens of contaminants in embryos and larvae, thus precluding the investigation of links between exposure and biological effects. Quantification of expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) provides an index of relative exposure of natural populations to bioavailable aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) and an initial evaluation of their biological effects. We developed a quantitative approach to standardize total RNA loading and then used competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify the CYP1A1 mRNA expression in environmentally exposed Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) post yolk-sac larvae (postlarvae) from the Hudson River, New York, and in chemically treated postlarval offspring of controlled laboratory crosses of Hudson River parents. Significant induction of CYP1A1 expression was observed in tomcod postlarvae exposed to waterborne 3, 3',4, 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) (four-fold) and benzo[ a] pyrene (eight-fold) compared with vehicle-exposed controls. In contrast, CYP1A1 was not induced in Hudson River-exposed postlarvae compared with vehicle-exposed controls. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using competitive RT-PCR for the measurement of gene expression in environmentally exposed larvae of sentinel species, and is consistent with the hypothesis that postlarvae exposed to the Hudson River environment have not bioaccumulated sufficient levels of AHs to induce CYP1A1 expression. The high levels of hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA expression previously reported in 5-8 month old juvenile tomcod from the Hudson River coincides with their descent to the benthic habitat and the onset of independent feeding on AH-contaminated benthic prey.
C1 NYU, Sch Med, Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA.
   Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10344, ES00260]
NR 38
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1354-750X
J9 BIOMARKERS
JI Biomarkers
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 7
IS 2
BP 162
EP 173
DI 10.1080/13547500110113981
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology
GA 538RA
UT WOS:000174827800006
PM 12101635
ER

PT J
AU Hoekstra, JM
   Clark, JA
   Boersma, PD
   Kareiva, P
AF Hoekstra, JM
   Clark, JA
   Boersma, PD
   Kareiva, P
TI Response from Boersma and colleagues
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Hoekstra, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 52
IS 3
BP 213
EP 214
PG 2
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 529QU
UT WOS:000174310700004
ER

PT J
AU Snyder, WH
   Lawson, RE
   Shipman, MS
   Lu, J
AF Snyder, WH
   Lawson, RE
   Shipman, MS
   Lu, J
TI Fluid modelling of atmospheric dispersion in the convective boundary
   layer
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric dispersion; buoyant plumes; buoyant puffs; convection tank;
   convective boundary layer; laboratory simulations
ID STABLY STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT; URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; PLUME DISPERSION;
   LABORATORY MODEL; MIXED LAYER; BUOYANT; FIELD; TANK; CALM; RISE
AB A laboratory convection tank has been established following the pioneering work of Willis and Deardorff, but with many improvements and enhancements that take advantage of modern technology. The main emphasis in the current design was to provide the ability to conduct a virtually unlimited number of realizations under essentially identical conditions in order to obtain reliable statistics on the dispersion of plumes and puffs released within the simulated atmospheric convective boundary layer. Described herein is the tank itself and its auxiliary systems, including a laser-induced-fluorescence and video-imaging system for making non-intrusive, full-field measurements of concentrations, and the interfacing of various subsystems with a master controller that automates essentially all operation and measurement functions. The current system provides unprecedented resolution, control, and data volumes. Example results are presented from two types of releases: continuous plumes and instantaneous puffs. These data sets clearly show penetration of the highly buoyant plumes and puffs into the inversion above the convective boundary layer, gravity spreading within the inversion, and rapid diffusion within the mixed layer. They also show extreme 'spottiness' in the instantaneous concentration cross-sections.
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   Geophex Ltd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Snyder, WH (reprint author), 7312 Grist Mill Rd, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA.
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 102
IS 3
BP 335
EP 366
DI 10.1023/A:1013857632438
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 514NQ
UT WOS:000173448200001
ER

PT J
AU Weil, JC
   Snyder, WH
   Lawson, RE
   Shipman, MS
AF Weil, JC
   Snyder, WH
   Lawson, RE
   Shipman, MS
TI Experiments on buoyant plume dispersion in a laboratory convection tank
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric dispersion; buoyant plumes; concentrations; convection tank;
   convective boundary layer; laboratory simulations
ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MIXED-LAYER;
   CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC PLUMES; STOCHASTIC-MODEL;
   TOP-DOWN; DIFFUSION; TURBULENCE; SIMILARITY
AB Plume dispersion in the convective boundary layer (CBL) is investigated experimentally in a laboratory convection tank. The focus is on highly-buoyant plumes that loft near or become trapped in the CBL capping inversion and resist downward mixing. Such plumes are defined by dimensionless buoyancy fluxes F*greater than or similar to 0.1, where F* = F-b/(U w*(2) z(i)), F-b is the stack buoyancy flux, U is the mean wind speed, w* is the convective velocity scale, and z(i) is the CBL depth. The aim is to obtain statistically-reliable mean (C) and root-mean-square (rms, sigma(c)) concentration fields as a function of F* and the dimensionless distance X = w*x/(U z(i)), where x is the distance downstream of the source.
   The experiments reveal the following main results: (1) For 3 less than or equal to X less than or equal to 4 and F* greater than or equal to 0.1, the crosswind-integrated concentration (CWIC) fields exhibit distinctly uniform profiles below z(i) with a CWIC maximum aloft, in contrast to the nonuniform profiles obtained earlier by Willis and Deardorff. (2) The lateral dispersion (sigma(y)) variation with X is consistent with Taylor's theory for F*less than or equal to 0.1 and a buoyancy- enhanced dispersion, sigma(y)/z(i) proportional to F*X-1/3(2/3), for F* = 0.2 and 0.4. (3) The entrapment, the plume fraction above z(i), has a mean (E) that follows a systematic variation with X and F-*, and a variability (sigma(e)/E) that is broad (similar to 0.3 to 2) near the source but subsides to approximate to 0.25 far downstream. (4) Vertical profiles of the concentration fluctuation intensity (sigma(c)/C) are uniform for z < z(i) and X > 1.5, but exhibit significant increases: (a) at the surface and close to the source (X less than or similar to 1.5), and (b) in the entrainment zone. (5) The cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the scaled concentration fluctuations (c'/sigma(c)) separate into mixed-layer and entrainment-layer CDFs for X greater than or equal to 2, with the mixed-layer group collapsing to a single distribution independent of z.
   These are the first experiments to obtain all components of the lateral and vertical dispersion parameters (rms meander, relative dispersion, total dispersion) for continuous buoyant releases in a convection tank. They also are the first tank experiments to demonstrate agreement with field observations of: (1) the scaled ground-level concentration along the plume centreline, and (2) the dimensionless lateral dispersion sigma(y)/z(i) of buoyant plumes.
C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   Geophex Ltd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA.
RP Weil, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 59
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 8
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 102
IS 3
BP 367
EP 414
DI 10.1023/A:1013874816509
PG 48
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 514NQ
UT WOS:000173448200002
ER

PT J
AU Brodziak, J
   Link, J
AF Brodziak, J
   Link, J
TI Ecosystem-based fishery management: What is it and how can we do it?
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology
CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2000
CL SARASOTA, FL
ID GEORGES-BANK; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PELAGIC FISH; COMMUNITY; IMPACTS;
   CONSERVATION; OVERLAP; TRENDS
AB Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) is a holistic approach to maintaining ecosystem quality and sustaining associated benefits. Sustaining the diverse products and services expected from marine ecosystems requires a broad interdisciplinary approach. Here, we propose a three-step approach to implementation of EBFM that consists of goals, metrics, and management. Setting policy goals is an important first step in the fishery-management process. Goals must be translated into clear quantifiable terms, i.e., metrics. Metrics, alternatively referred to as performance measures or reference points, are used to indicate the status of system attributes. Multiple metrics will generally be needed to account for diverse, and possibly conflicting, societal goals. Biotic metrics range from single-species to whole-system attributes. Abiotic metrics describe environmental conditions. Human metrics describe human activities and are essential for managing human impacts. These metrics can serve as the basis for decision criteria and reference points for the management process. We illustrate our approach to EBFM using the groundfish trawl fishery system in the Georges Bank region of the northwest Atlantic.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM Jon.Brodziak@noaa.gov
NR 52
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 19
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
EI 1553-6955
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 70
IS 2
BP 589
EP 611
PG 23
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 583YD
UT WOS:000177438400014
ER

PT J
AU MacCall, AD
AF MacCall, AD
TI Fishery-management and stock-rebuilding prospects under conditions of
   low-frequency environmental variability and species interactions
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology
CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2000
CL SARASOTA, FLORIDA
ID ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SARDINE; CLIMATE; RECRUITMENT; OSCILLATION;
   CALIFORNIA
AB Interdecadal climate variability complicates fishery science and management. On the U.S. west coast, periods of favorable and adverse conditions may last 30 yrs each. A constant-harvest-rate policy may work for long-lived fishes, (those with life spans comparable to or exceeding the duration of adverse conditions). Exploitation of short-lived fishes (species with life spans shorter than the duration of adverse conditions) benefits from policies that link harvest rate to environmental conditions, but a delayed response can be desirable. Therefore, rapid identification of regime shifts is not necessary but could provide advance notice of long-term changes in expected harvests. Planning horizons, especially for stock rebuilding, may have to be much longer than has been typical, even a century or more. During adverse periods little rebuilding may occur even after total cessation of fishing. Adverse species interactions like intraguild competition or 'cultivation effects' may prolong rebuilding or reduce sustainable yields. Management reference points like F-msy and B-msy can be strongly influenced by abundance of competitors. Importantly, B-msy of large predators may be well above half the unfished biomass if their removal releases smaller competitors. Although adverse interactions may be reversible, rebuilding of apex predators may require decades to centuries.
C1 NMFS Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), NMFS Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 8
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 70
IS 2
BP 613
EP 628
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 583YD
UT WOS:000177438400015
ER

PT J
AU Gerrodette, T
   Dayton, PK
   Macinko, S
   Fogarty, MJ
AF Gerrodette, T
   Dayton, PK
   Macinko, S
   Fogarty, MJ
TI Precautionary management of marine fisheries: Moving beyond burden of
   proof
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology
CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2000
CL SARASOTA, FL
ID STATISTICAL POWER; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; RISK;
   EXTINCTION; PRINCIPLES; RESOURCES; VAQUITA; MAMMALS
AB A more precautionary approach to marine fishery management is much needed, but a central issue is how decisions are made when, as is usual, uncertainties are large. Reversing the burden of proof (showing that a given fishing level is safe before allowing it) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a precautionary approach. Several policy aspects of the burden of proof issue should be clarified: what the default decision will be; who bears the burden of demonstrating that a change from the default is justified; what metric is used to decide on a change; and what rate of incorrect changes from the default is tolerable. Fishery decision making would benefit from more specificity about management goals, preagreement on how data will be used in reaching decisions, and an explicit linking of fishing levels to the degree of certainty of fish stock condition. Finally, we argue that a truly precautionary approach requires a broader philosophical outlook than seeing the oceans as simply providing exploitable resources. Management should aim to maintain all marine species as functioning components of their ecosystems and to permit a proposed activity only if it can be demonstrated not to have an adverse effect.
C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Connecticut, Avery Point, CT 06340 USA.
   NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Tim.Gerrodette@noaa.gov
NR 47
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 15
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 70
IS 2
BP 657
EP 668
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 583YD
UT WOS:000177438400018
ER

PT J
AU Serafin, RJ
   MacDonald, AE
   Gall, RL
AF Serafin, RJ
   MacDonald, AE
   Gall, RL
TI Transition of weather research to operations - Opportunities and
   challenges
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION;
   METEOROLOGY; VERSION; PROGRAM; SYSTEM; WIND
AB How the National Weather Service can implement, in a timely and continual manner, the rapid technological advances in the computing and software arena.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM serafin@ucar.edu
NR 47
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 3
BP 377
EP 392
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0377:TOWRTO>2.3.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 537HC
UT WOS:000174752000019
ER

PT J
AU Dickinson, RE
   Zebiak, SE
   Anderson, JL
   Blackmon, ML
   De Luca, C
   Hogan, TF
   Iredell, M
   Ji, M
   Rood, RB
   Suarez, MJ
   Taylor, KE
AF Dickinson, RE
   Zebiak, SE
   Anderson, JL
   Blackmon, ML
   De Luca, C
   Hogan, TF
   Iredell, M
   Ji, M
   Rood, RB
   Suarez, MJ
   Taylor, KE
TI How can we advance our weather and climate models as a community?
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB An argument is made for greater emphasis on shared infrastructure and commonality in codes and data.
C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
   Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY USA.
   USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.
   Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Boulder, CO USA.
   NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM robted@eas.gatech.edu
RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011
OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135
NR 8
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 3
BP 431
EP 434
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0431:HCWAOW>2.3.CO;2
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 537HC
UT WOS:000174752000022
ER

PT J
AU Campana, SE
   Natanson, LJ
   Myklevoll, S
AF Campana, SE
   Natanson, LJ
   Myklevoll, S
TI Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH OTOLITHS; GEORGES BANK; RADIOCARBON; C-14
AB Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.
C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
RP Campana, SE (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013
OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976
NR 16
TC 100
Z9 107
U1 4
U2 21
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 3
BP 450
EP 455
DI 10.1139/F02-027
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 548CE
UT WOS:000175370300005
ER

PT J
AU Chow, LC
   Takagi, S
   Frukhtbeyn, S
   Sieck, BA
   Parry, EE
   Liao, NS
   Schumacher, GE
   Markovic, M
AF Chow, LC
   Takagi, S
   Frukhtbeyn, S
   Sieck, BA
   Parry, EE
   Liao, NS
   Schumacher, GE
   Markovic, M
TI Remineralization effect of a low-concentration fluoride rinse in an
   intraoral model
SO CARIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium fluoride; enamel; fluoride; fluoride rinse; in vivo
   remineralization model; remineralization; sodium hexafluorosilicate
ID ENAMEL LESIONS; 2-SOLUTION RINSE; IN-VITRO; MOUTHRINSE; DENTIFRICE;
   INVITRO; DEMINERALIZATION; DEPOSITION; CALCIUM; PLAQUE
AB A previous study showed that a sodium hexafluorosilicate-calcium chloride-based two-solution fluoride (F) rinse containing 6 mmol/I of F was more effective than a 12 mmol/l F sodium fluoride rinse in depositing F on tooth surfaces and increasing oral F levels. The present study compared the remineralization effects of these two rinses in an intraoral de- and remineralization model. The results showed that the 6 mmol/I F two-solution rinse produced greater remineralization in increasing lesion mineral contents and reducing lesion depths. The results demonstrated that the effectiveness of an F regimen depends less on the F dose and more on the ability of the treatment to utilize F efficiently for remineralization. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chow, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05354]
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0008-6568
J9 CARIES RES
JI Caries Res.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 2
BP 136
EP 141
DI 10.1159/000057872
PG 6
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 563ML
UT WOS:000176259400009
PM 12037371
ER

PT J
AU FitzGerald, SA
   Thomas, JJ
   Neumann, DA
   Livingston, RA
AF FitzGerald, SA
   Thomas, JJ
   Neumann, DA
   Livingston, RA
TI A neutron scattering study of the role of diffusion in the hydration of
   tricalcium silicate
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE hydration; kinetics; neutron scattering; diffusion; Ca3SiO5
ID SPECTROSCOPY; PASTES
AB Quasi-elastic neutron scattering was used to monitor the temperature-dependant hydration of tricalcium silicate and Portland cement. Results show that for some samples the degree of hydration is in fact higher at lower curing temperatures, To investigate this effect further, we performed a series of experiments in which samples are initially hydrated at one temperature and then the diffusion process limiting the long-term curing is monitored at a different temperature. The results confirm that the higher the initial curing temperature the more impervious are the product layers to later diffusion. In addition, it was found that the intrinsic activation energy for this diffusion process is much greater than the traditional values obtained using samples initially cured at different temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
   Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Fed Highway Adm, Off Infrastruct R&D, Mclean, VA 22101 USA.
RP FitzGerald, SA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Chevron Sci Ctr 234, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RI Thomas, Jeffrey/B-7103-2009; Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; 
OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023
NR 14
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 32
IS 3
BP 409
EP 413
AR PII S0008-8846(01)00685-8
DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00685-8
PG 5
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 555FG
UT WOS:000175783100012
ER

PT J
AU Jacox, ME
AF Jacox, ME
TI The spectroscopy of molecular reaction intermediates trapped in the
   solid rare gases
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRONIC-ENERGY LEVELS; MASS-SELECTED
   IONS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; TRANSIENT MOLECULES; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES;
   INFRARED DETECTION; NEON; MATRICES; SPECTRA
AB The trapping of neutral and electrically charged molecular reaction intermediates in the solid rare gases and the characterization of these intermediates by, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy are surveyed. Spectral data for reaction intermediates trapped in solid neon and argon are compared with the corresponding data obtained from gas phase studies and from quantum chemical calculations. Emphasis is placed on recent progress, including the production, stabilization, and spectroscopic study of highly reactive small molecular ions and the use of ab initio and density, functional calculations for the identification of reaction intermediates.
C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 33
TC 106
Z9 107
U1 4
U2 30
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 31
IS 2
BP 108
EP 115
DI 10.1039/b102907j
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 536NJ
UT WOS:000174708600004
PM 12109204
ER

PT J
AU Sohn, WS
   Ko, SK
   Lee, KH
   Kim, SH
   Lim, SB
   Choy, YC
AF Sohn, WS
   Ko, SK
   Lee, KH
   Kim, SH
   Lim, SB
   Choy, YC
TI Standardization of eBook documents in the Korean industry
SO COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE an electronic book, eBook; a standard format, XML
AB An electronic book (eBook) has quite a few advantages over a paper-based book. However, several technical problems have not been solved until now in spite of the growing interest in eBooks. eBook industries are using different document formats with the result of difficulty in exchanging and sharing eBook contents and reinvestment in developing the related software. The US and Japan have realized the importance of a standard document format for eBooks, so they have developed the Open eBook Publication Structure (OEB PS) and JepaX, respectively, with the support from government agencies and related industries. Recently, the Electronic Book of Korea (EBK) has established a working group and developed a standard format based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for eBooks. The goals of the standard include the explicit exchange of eBook contents reflecting the characteristics of the Korean publishing environment, simplicity in creation and exchangeability with the related formats. The standard supports the logical structure of various document classes as well as advanced style control such as vertical writing and multi-column editing based on XSL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Sodaemoon Gu, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
   NIST, IT Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Lib & Informat Sci, Seoul 140742, South Korea.
   Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Multimedia Sci, Seoul 140742, South Korea.
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-5489
J9 COMP STAND INTER
JI Comput. Stand. Interfaces
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 24
IS 1
BP 45
EP 60
DI 10.1016/S0920-5489(01)00103-9
PG 16
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 520PB
UT WOS:000173789300005
ER

PT J
AU Beichl, I
   Sullivan, F
AF Beichl, I
   Sullivan, F
TI It's bound to be right
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 4
IS 2
BP 86
EP +
DI 10.1109/5992.988652
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA 524YQ
UT WOS:000174040800014
ER

PT J
AU Maslar, JE
   Hurst, WS
   Bowers, WJ
   Hendricks, JH
   Aquino, MI
AF Maslar, JE
   Hurst, WS
   Bowers, WJ
   Hendricks, JH
   Aquino, MI
TI In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of nickel hydrothermal
   corrosion
SO CORROSION
LA English
DT Article
DE aqueous environments; corrosion product release; general corrosion;
   hydrothermal oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; nickel; nickel oxide;
   temperature
ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PASSIVE FILMS; WATER; ELECTRODES; CHROMIUM; IRON
AB A nickel coupon was exposed to air-saturated water at a pressure of 25.4 MPa and temperatures ranging from 21degreesC to 460degreesC in an optically accessible flow cell. In situ Raman spectra were collected at a number of temperatures as the coupon was heated and then cooled. The coupon also was characterized ex situ with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. Corrosion species were observed in situ at temperatures >249degreesC during heating and under all conditions during cooling. The species were identified as nickel monoxide (NiO) and alpha chromium (III) oxide hydroxide (alpha-CrOOH). The alpha-CrOOH originated as a corrosion product released from the optical cell and/or flow system. The NiO Raman features were more intense during cooling than at the corresponding temperatures during heating, indicating that NiO was present in greater amounts and/or was more crystalline during cooling.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 7
PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG
PI HOUSTON
PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA
SN 0010-9312
J9 CORROSION
JI Corrosion
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 58
IS 3
BP 225
EP 231
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 574ZM
UT WOS:000176920800006
ER

PT J
AU Moran, P
AF Moran, P
TI Current conservation genetics: building an ecological approach to the
   synthesis of molecular and quantitative genetic methods
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Review
DE adaptation; DNA; evolution; fish conservation; microsatellite;
   population genetics; quantitative genetics; single nucleotide
   polymorphism
ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE;
   EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; DNA-SEQUENCE VARIATION; ENDANGERED
   GILA-TOPMINNOW; FRESH-WATER FISHES; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON;
   CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON
AB Although neutral molecular markers have long been important tools for describing genetic variation in threatened fish species, many of the most critical questions in conservation relate more to quantitative genetic variation than to neutral markers. Quantitative genetic studies are typically expensive and time-consuming to conduct, especially in some of the long-lived vertebrates of conservation concern. The present review of recent literature in fish conservation genetics examines the traditional role of molecular studies in describing conservation units and providing indirect inference about local adaptation and adaptive potential. Of special interest are approaches that use a combination of molecular and quantitative genetic methods. Such studies are likely to provide important new insights into many conservation-related problems. The review also explores how increasing interest in non-neutral molecular markers is contributing to our understanding of the geographic scale and evolutionary importance of local adaptation in threatened populations. It is increasingly clear that advanced genetic technologies for the exploration of neutral and non-neutral molecular variation are leading to a fundamental shift in the way complex phenotypic traits are studied. This new synthesis of methods will have dramatic implications for fish conservation genetics and biology in general.
C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Moran, P (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 228
TC 44
Z9 48
U1 3
U2 28
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 11
IS 1
BP 30
EP 55
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.110105.x
PG 26
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 531TU
UT WOS:000174434000005
ER

PT J
AU Kitchell, JF
   Essington, TE
   Boggs, CH
   Schindler, DE
   Walters, CJ
AF Kitchell, JF
   Essington, TE
   Boggs, CH
   Schindler, DE
   Walters, CJ
TI The role of sharks and longline fisheries in a pelagic ecosystem of the
   Central Pacific
SO ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE sharks; blue shark; food web; models; ecosystem; pelagic ecosystem;
   fisheries; predation; predator-prey interactions; conservation; Pacific
   Ocean
ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; EMPHASIS; OCEAN; DIET; SEA
AB The increased exploitation of pelagic sharks by longline fisheries raised questions about changes in the food webs that include sharks as apex predators. We used a version of Ecopath/Ecosim models to evaluate changes in trophic interactions due to shark exploitation in the Central North Pacific. Fisheries targeted on blue sharks tend to produce compensatory responses that favor other shark species and billfishes, but they have only modest effects on the majority of food web components. Modest levels of intraguild predation (adult sharks that eat juvenile sharks) produce strong, nonlinear responses in shark populations. in general, analysis of the Central North Pacific model reveals that sharks are not keystone predators, but that increases in longline fisheries can have profound effects on the food webs that support sharks.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fishery Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 124, Canada.
RP Kitchell, JF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012
NR 47
TC 89
Z9 93
U1 5
U2 44
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 1432-9840
J9 ECOSYSTEMS
JI Ecosystems
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 5
IS 2
BP 202
EP 216
DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0065-5
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 549DN
UT WOS:000175429400007
ER

PT J
AU Josell, D
   Wheeler, D
   Moffat, TP
AF Josell, D
   Wheeler, D
   Moffat, TP
TI Superconformal deposition by surfactant-catalyzed chemical vapor
   deposition
SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COPPER; FILMS
AB The curvature enhanced accelerator coverage (CEAC) mechanism recently proposed to explain superconformal filling of fine trenches during copper electrodeposition is shown to also explain superconformal filling and roughness evolution during iodine-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition of copper. As with electrodeposition, the coverage of absorbed catalyst changes with surface area during interface evolution. The surface area decreases along the bottoms of submicrometer features, leading to increased coverage, thus increasing local deposition rates and thereby enabling superconformal filling. This result shows that this CEAC mechanism may be generally applied to understand inter-face evolution in surfactant mediated film growth processes. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009
OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418
NR 14
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 1099-0062
J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST
JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 5
IS 3
BP C44
EP C47
DI 10.1149/1.1449304
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 524KL
UT WOS:000174012300010
ER

PT J
AU Henry, AC
   Waddell, EA
   Shreiner, R
   Locascio, LE
AF Henry, AC
   Waddell, EA
   Shreiner, R
   Locascio, LE
TI Control of electroosmotic flow in laser-ablated and chemically modified
   hot imprinted poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) microchannels
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE imprinting; laser ablation; micromachining; poly(ethylene terephthalate
   glycol); surface chemical modification
ID CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; MICROCHIP DEVICES;
   FABRICATION; SEPARATIONS; SYSTEMS; HYDROLYSIS; CHANNELS; SILICON; GLASS
AB The fabrication of microchannels in poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PETG) by laser ablation and the hot imprinting method is described. In addition, hot imprinted microchannels were hydrolyzed to yield additional charged organic functional groups on the imprinted surface. The charged groups are carboxylate moieties that were also used as a means for the further reaction of different chemical species on the surface of the PETG microchannels. The microchannels were characterized by fluorescence mapping and electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurements. Experimental results demonstrated that different fabrication and channel treatment protocols resulted in different EOF rates. Laser-ablated channels had similar EOF rates (5.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs and 5.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs) to hydrolyzed imprinted channels (5.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs), which in turn demonstrated a somewhat higher flow rate than imprinted PETG channels that were not hydrolyzed (3.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs). Laser-ablated channels that had been chemically modified to yield amines displayed an EOF rate of 3.38 +/- 0.1 X 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs and hydrolyzed imprinted channels that had been chemically derivatized to yield amines showed an EOF rate of 2.67 +/- 0.6 cm(2)/Vs. These data demonstrate that surface-bound carboxylate species can be used as a template for further chemical reactions in addition to changing the EOF mobility within microchannels.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 5
BP 791
EP 798
DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200203)23:5<791::AID-ELPS791>3.3.CO;2-B
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 533LE
UT WOS:000174530700013
PM 11891713
ER

PT J
AU Locascio, LE
   Hong, JS
   Gaitan, M
AF Locascio, LE
   Hong, JS
   Gaitan, M
TI Liposomes as signal amplification reagents for bioassays in microfluidic
   channels
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE imprinting; liposome; microchannel; microfluldics; plastic
ID FLOW-INJECTION IMMUNOASSAY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; THEOPHYLLINE;
   FABRICATION; DEVICES; SERUM
AB Liposomes with encapsulated carboxyfluorescein were used in an affinity-based assay to provide signal amplification for small-volume fluorescence measurements. Microfluidic channels were fabricated by imprinting in a plastic substrate material, poly(ethy[ere terephthalate glycol) (PETG), using a silicon template imprinting tool. Streptavidin was linked to the surface through biotinylated-protein for effective immobilization with minimal nonspecific adsorption of the liposome reagent. Lipids derivatized with biotin were incorporated into the liposome membrane to make the liposomes reactive for affinity assays. Specific binding of the liposomes to microchannel walls, dependence of binding on incubation time, and nonspecific adsorption of the liposome reagent were evaluated. The results of a competitive assay employing liposomes in the microchannels are presented.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 5
BP 799
EP 804
DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200203)23:5<799::AID-ELPS799>3.3.CO;2-G
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 533LE
UT WOS:000174530700014
PM 11891714
ER

PT J
AU Flatau, AB
   Chong, KP
AF Flatau, AB
   Chong, KP
TI Dynamic smart material and structural systems
SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article
DE smart structures; smart materials; structural control
AB Basic research in smart materials and structural systems and their development have demonstrated great potential for enhancing the functionality, serviceability and durability of civil and mechanical infrastructure systems and, as a result, offer the potential for significant contributions to the improvement of every nation's productivity, efficiency and quality of life. The intelligent renewal of aging and deteriorating civil and mechanical infrastructure systems includes efficient and innovative use of high performance sensors, actuators, materials, mechanical and structural systems. In this paper some examples of NSF-funded projects and research needs as well as some initiatives are presented. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Flatau, AB (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
NR 11
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-0296
J9 ENG STRUCT
JI Eng. Struct.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 24
IS 3
BP 261
EP 270
AR PII S0141-0296(01)00093-1
DI 10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00093-1
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 533LX
UT WOS:000174532500003
ER

PT J
AU Saville, KJ
   Lindley, AM
   Maries, EG
   Carrier, JC
   Pratt, HL
AF Saville, KJ
   Lindley, AM
   Maries, EG
   Carrier, JC
   Pratt, HL
TI Multiple paternity in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE genetic markers; courtship; mating; nursery grounds; Florida Keys;
   reproduction; conservation
ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CARTILAGINOUS FISH; GENES
AB Synopsis
   For over a decade, we have been studying the reproductive behavior of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, in the Dry Torugas off the Florida Keys, an important mating and nursery ground for this species. In the course of these studies, we have used a variety of tags and tagging protocols to monitor individual animals. Here we report the use of molecular methods for the genetic analysis of nurse sharks. Specifically we have analyzed genetic variation at the MHC II alpha locus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified products. We found this technique to be a relatively rapid and reliable method for identifying genetic differences between individual sharks. Applying this method to a family of sharks consisting of a mother and 32 pups, we demonstrate that at least four fathers must have fathered this brood. Multiple paternity in the nurse shark suggests a mechanism by which populations of this species may maximize genetic variability. This seems especially valuable for philopatric species whose migratory movement, and thus potential for genetic diversity, is limited.
C1 Albion Coll, Dept Biol, Albion, MI 49224 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Saville, KJ (reprint author), Albion Coll, Dept Biol, Albion, MI 49224 USA.
NR 14
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 11
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 63
IS 3
BP 347
EP 351
DI 10.1023/A:1014369011709
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 534FL
UT WOS:000174574000014
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JZ
   Chi, J
AF Zhang, JZ
   Chi, J
TI Automated analysis of nanomolar concentrations of phosphate in natural
   waters with liquid waveguide
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CORE WAVE-GUIDE; PHOSPHOANTIMONYLMOLYBDENUM BLUE COMPLEX;
   CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; LONG-CAPILLARY-CELL; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ABSORBENCY SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT;
   INTERFERENCE; COLORIMETRY
AB Concentrations of phosphate in natural waters are often below the detection limits of conventional nutrient autoanalyzers, by either gas-segmented continuous-flow analysis or flow injection analysis. A liquid waveguide capillary flow cell has been used to extend the sensitivity of a conventional autoanalyzer for the automated analysis of nanomolar concentrations of phosphate in natural waters. Total reflection of light can be achieved within the liquid core of the flow cell because the refractive index of a cell wall coated with Teflon 1600 is lower than that of water. This property allows the manufacturers to construct long liquid waveguide capillary flow cells in a helical, rather than a linear shape, with compact dimensions. A small sample volume is required because the internal volume of a 2-m long capillary flow cell is only approximately 0,5 cm(3). Adaptation of this long flow cell to autoanalyzers significantly enhances the sensitivity of automated colorimetric analysis of phosphate with a molybdenum blue method, allowing for the accurate and precise determination of nanomolar concentrations of phosphate in natural waters. The advantages of this technique are a low detection limit (0.5 nM), a small sample volume (2 mL), high precision (2% at 10 nM levels), and automation for the rapid analysis of a large number of samples.
C1 NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphere Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008
OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556
NR 49
TC 111
Z9 117
U1 7
U2 44
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 5
BP 1048
EP 1053
DI 10.1021/es01194v
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 526NK
UT WOS:000174136400047
PM 11917990
ER

PT J
AU Teske, ME
   Bird, SL
   Esterly, DM
   Curbishley, TB
   Ray, SL
   Perry, SG
AF Teske, ME
   Bird, SL
   Esterly, DM
   Curbishley, TB
   Ray, SL
   Perry, SG
TI AgDRIFT (R): A model for estimating neear-field spray drift from aerial
   applications
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE spray model; Lagrangian; drift; deposition; aerial application
ID DISPERSION MODEL; AIRCRAFT; SIMULATION; MINIMIZATION; EVAPORATION;
   VALIDATION; DEPOSITION; VORTICES; DROPLETS
AB The aerial spray prediction model AgDRIFT(R) embodies the computational engine found in the near-wake Lagrangian model AGricultural DISPersal (AGDISP) but with several important features added that improve the speed and accuracy of its predictions. This article summarizes those changes, describes the overall analytical approach to the model, and details model implementation, application, limits, and computational utilities.
C1 Continuum Dynam, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA.
   US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   Environm Focus, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA.
   Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA.
   NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA.
NR 87
TC 81
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 14
PU SETAC
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 21
IS 3
BP 659
EP 671
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0659:AAMFEN>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 524GE
UT WOS:000174004100027
PM 11878480
ER

PT J
AU Bird, SL
   Perry, SG
   Ray, SL
   Teske, ME
AF Bird, SL
   Perry, SG
   Ray, SL
   Teske, ME
TI Evaluation of the AgDISP aerial spray algorithms in the AgDRIFT model
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE spray drift; pesticides; modeling
ID DISPERSION MODEL; VALIDATION; DRIFT; DEPOSITION; STABILITY; AIRCRAFT;
   FOREST; FSCBG
AB A systematic evaluation of the A.-DISP algorithms, which simulate off-site drift and deposition of aerially applied pesticides, contained in the AgDRIFT(R) model was performed by comparing model simulations to field-trial data collected by the Spray Drift Task Force. Field-trial data used for model evaluation included 161 separate trials of typical agriculture aerial applications under a wide range of application and meteorological conditions. Input for model simulations included information on the aircraft and spray equipment, spray material, meteorology, and site geometry. The model input datasets were generated independently of the field deposition results, i.e., model inputs were in no way altered or selected to improve the fit of model output to field results. AgDRIFT shows a response similar to that of the field observations for many application variables (e.g., droplet size, application height, wind speed). However, AgDRIFT is sensitive to evaporative effects, and modeled deposition in the far-field responds to wet bulb depression whereas the field observations did not. The model tended to over-predict deposition rates relative to the field data for far-field distances, particularly under evaporative conditions. AgDRIFT was in good agreement with field results for estimating near-field buffer zones needed to manage human, crop, livestock, and ecological exposure.
C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab MD81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA.
   Continuum Dynam, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA.
RP Bird, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 28
TC 70
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 5
PU SETAC
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 21
IS 3
BP 672
EP 681
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0672:EOTAAS>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 524GE
UT WOS:000174004100028
PM 11878481
ER

PT J
AU Fuss, SP
   Hamins, A
AF Fuss, SP
   Hamins, A
TI An estimate of the correction applied to radiant flame measurements due
   to attenuation by atmospheric CO2 and H2O
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID POOL FIRES; THERMAL-RADIATION; FRACTION
AB A narrow band statistical model has been used to estimate the uncertainty introduced into radiative heat flux measurements from fires which is attributable to attenuation by atmospheric H2O and CO2. The flames were assumed to be soot-dominated with blackbody emission characteristics. The ambient surroundings near the flames were assumed to be homogeneous with the total pressure being fixed at one atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations were held constant at 0.04 kPa and the water vapor concentrations varied between 0.55-5.63 kPa based on temperature and relative humidity. The remaining partial pressures were accounted for by O-2 and N-2. Correlations to estimate atmospheric attenuation are given over a range of conditions that include path length (10-200 m), ambient temperature (19-35degreesC), source temperature (1000-1600degreesC) and relative humidity (0.25-1.0) as parameters. The results of these calculations indicate that, over this range of conditions, the radiant flux can be attenuated by as much as 42%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fuss, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 37
IS 2
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(01)00032-7
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 517TB
UT WOS:000173625000004
ER

PT J
AU Weinberg, JR
   Rago, PJ
   Wakefield, WW
   Keith, C
AF Weinberg, JR
   Rago, PJ
   Wakefield, WW
   Keith, C
TI Estimation of tow distance and spatial heterogeneity using data from
   inclinometer sensors: an example using a clam survey dredge
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE tow distance; clam dredge; Atlantic surfclam; ocean quahog; survey;
   spatial heterogeneity
ID NEGATIVE BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SPISULA-SOLIDISSIMA; ATLANTIC SURFCLAM;
   TRAWL
AB A major clam fishery in the USA is based on the Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) and ocean quahog (Arctica islandica). For stock assessment, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has conducted surveys of these species with a standardized hydraulic clam dredge since 1980. The sampling procedure has been to tow the dredge for 5 min at 0.77 m/s (i.e., 1.5 kn), which gives a nominal tow distance of 232 m. This indirect calculation does not include any sampling that may take place when the dredge is being set out or retrieved. To get a direct estimate of distance sampled, we placed sensors and a camera on the dredge to monitor bottom contact and towing speed. A total of 70 tows was made in May 1997 across a range of depths, typical of those made during clam surveys, and at a range of tow speeds and scopes (i.e., ratio of tow line length to bottom depth). For each tow, we counted the number of clams captured and estimated the distance sampled based directly on the sensor data. Actual distance sampled per tow was often 1.5-3 times greater than the nominal distance (timed tow), and tow distance increased with water depth. This occurred because the dredge sampled the bottom when it was being set out and hauled back to the ship. Consideration of actual tow distance changed conclusions regarding the effect of scope on catch rate of surfclams. In addition, data on tow distance and catch per tow allowed us to examine the spatial heterogeneity of the two clam species using a negative binomial model. Our findings suggest that estimating tow distances directly can improve estimates of biomass in clam resource surveys. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Weinberg, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 55
IS 1-3
BP 49
EP 61
DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00292-2
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 515KX
UT WOS:000173495700005
ER

PT J
AU Somerton, DA
   Otto, RS
   Syrjala, SE
AF Somerton, DA
   Otto, RS
   Syrjala, SE
TI Can changes in tow duration on bottom trawl surveys lead to changes in
   CPUE and mean size?
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE bottom trawl; trawl surveys; tow duration; catchability
AB A trawl tow duration experiment was conducted to determine whether a reduction in tow duration from 30 to 15 min on the annual bottom trawl survey of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) would influence either the catch size distribution or catch per unit of swept area (CPUE) for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), Tanner crab (C bairdi) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica). The experiment had a blocked experimental design with one 15 min and one 30 min tow completed at each of 94 stations. Mean size did not change significantly with tow duration for either sex of any species. Catch per swept area significantly increased with decreasing tow duration for snow and Tanner crab, but not for red king crab. The increase was independent of sex. On an average, the reduction in tow duration produced a 78% increase in CPUE for snow crab and a 68% increase for Tanner crab. If a similar increase in CPUE accompanied a change in duration on the surveys, continuity of the survey time series would be severely impacted. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Somerton, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bld 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 8
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 55
IS 1-3
BP 63
EP 70
DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00293-4
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 515KX
UT WOS:000173495700006
ER

PT J
AU Link, JS
   Garrison, LP
AF Link, JS
   Garrison, LP
TI Changes in piscivory associated with fishing induced changes to the
   finfish community on Georges Bank
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE predator-prey interactions; northwest Atlantic; groundfish; consumption;
   prey-switching; trophic structure; food web dynamics
ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; GUILD STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC COD;
   MERLUCCIUS-BILINEARIS; GADUS-MORHUA; SILVER HAKE; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT;
   CONSUMPTION; PREDATION
AB There are many ecologically and commercially important piscivores in the Georges Bank fish community. There has been a noticeable shift in the abundance of these predators during the last four decades which is generally attributed to fishing pressure. Although many fish persist as piscivores in this system, not only has their relative abundance changed but their size composition has also changed. Both factors influence the total magnitude of piscivory by these fish. To ascertain the cascading effects of fishing on fish predation, we examined relative abundance, total stomach contents, diet composition, consumption rates, and total food consumption of fish for several species across the time period. The proportion of the diet comprised by fish for piscivores on Georges Bank has remained remarkably consistent. However, the composition of specific fish prey has changed across the time series, Total fish consumption generally tracked predator abundance, but two species demonstrated compensating consumption rates as larger size classes declined. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, total fish consumption by six major predators has remained generally constant despite changes in predator size, structure and abundance. One reason for constant systemic piscivory is the dominant piscivore in this ecosystem has shifted from cod to spiny dogfish. We assert that a major effect of intense fishing pressure is a shift in energy flow for marine ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 66
TC 60
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 55
IS 1-3
BP 71
EP 86
DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00300-9
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 515KX
UT WOS:000173495700007
ER

PT J
AU Munro, PT
   Somerton, DA
AF Munro, PT
   Somerton, DA
TI Estimating net efficiency of a survey trawl for flatfishes
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE footrope; probability of captured; auxiliary nets; escapement;
   selectivity
ID BETWEEN-HAUL VARIATION; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; THEORETICAL-MODEL; SAMPLING
   TRAWL; GEAR; SELECTIVITY; FISH
AB Net efficiency, or the proportion of fish within the path of a trawl net that are captured, of the 83-112 Eastern bottom trawl was estimated for four flatfish and one roundfish species encountered on the stock assessment surveys of the eastern Bering Sea. Net efficiency data was collected by repeatedly towing with an experimental trawl consisting of the usual trawl net with an auxiliary net attached underneath which is designed to capture all fish escaping under the trawl footrope. Efficiency was estimated by the ratio of the catch from the trawl net to the combined catch from both nets. Estimates of net efficiency as a function of fish length were obtained by sequentially fitting a nested hierarchy of statistical models to the efficiency and length data for each species and choosing the best model using likelihood ratio tests. For flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon; northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta sp. cf. bilineata Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis and Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, net efficiency did not vary with body length and was always >0.94. For yellowfin sole, Limanda aspera, net efficiency increased with body length and reached an asymptotic maximum of 0.77. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Munro, PT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 22
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 55
IS 1-3
BP 267
EP 279
DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00280-6
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 515KX
UT WOS:000173495700022
ER

PT J
AU Masiello, CA
   Druffel, ERM
   Currie, LA
AF Masiello, CA
   Druffel, ERM
   Currie, LA
TI Radiocarbon measurements of black carbon in aerosols and ocean sediments
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; DIESEL EXHAUST; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOILS; ACIDS
AB Black carbon (BC) is the combustion-altered, solid residue remaining after biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. Radiocarbon measurements of BC provide information on the residence time of BC in organic carbon pools like soils and sediments, and also provide information on the source of BC by distinguishing between fossil fuel and biomass combustion byproducts. We have optimized dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation for the measurement of radiocarbon in BC. We also present comparisons of BC (14)C measurements on NIST aerosol SRM 1649a with previously published bulk aromatic (14)C measurements and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (14)C measurements on the same NIST standard.
   Dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation belongs to the chemical class of BC measurement methods, which rely on the resistance of some forms of BC to strong chemical oxidants. Dilute solutions of dichromate-sulfuric acid degrade BC and marine-derived carbon at characteristic rates from which a simple kinetic formula can be used to calculate concentrations of individual components (Wolbach and Anders, 1989). We show that: ( 1) dichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation allows precise, reproducible (14)C BC measurements: (2) kinetics calculations give more precise BC yield information when per-formed on a % OC basis (vs. a % mass basis); (3) kinetically calculated BC concentrations are similar regardless of whether the oxidation is performed at 23degreesC or 50degreesC; and (4) this method yields (14)C BC results consistent with previously published aromatic (14)C data for an NIST standard.
   For the purposes of intercomparison, we report % mass and carbon results for two commercially available BC standards. We also report comparative data from a new thermal method applied to SRM 1649a, showing that thermal oxidation of this material also follows the simple kinetic sum of exponentials model, although with different time constants. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atmospher Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Masiello, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM masiello1@llnl.gov
RI Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011
OI Masiello, Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229
NR 33
TC 50
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 66
IS 6
BP 1025
EP 1036
AR PII S0016-7037(01)00831-6
DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00831-6
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 531XT
UT WOS:000174443100009
ER

PT J
AU Heifetz, J
AF Heifetz, J
TI Coral in Alaska: distribution, abundance, and species associations
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium
CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000
CL HALIFAX, CANADA
DE coral; Alaska; distribution and abundance; fish habitat
AB To help identify fishery management actions that minimize the adverse impacts of fishing activities on corals in Alaska, the distribution and abundance of corals were analyzed based on trawl survey data collected during 1975-1998. We also examined the species of commercially managed fish that are associated with coral. Soft corals, primarily Gersemia sp. (=Eunephthya sp.), were the most frequently encountered corals in the Bering Sea. In the Aleutian Islands gorgonian corals, primarily in the genera Callogorgia, Primnoa, Paragorgia, Thouarella, and Arthrogorgia were the most common corals. In the Gulf of Alaska, gorgonian corals, primarily in the genera Callogorgia and Primnoa, and cup corals, primarily 'Scleractinia unidentified', occurred most frequently. The Aleutian Islands area appears to have the highest abundance and diversity of corals. Some fish groups are associated with particular types of coral. Rockfish (Sebastes spp. and Sebastolobus alascanus) and Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) were the most common fish captured with gorgonian, cup, and hydrocorals, whereas flatfish and gadids were the most common fish captured with soft corals.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Heifetz, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM jon.heifetz@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 57
Z9 60
U1 2
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
EI 1573-5117
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 471
SI SI
BP 19
EP 28
DI 10.1023/A:1016528631593
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575VT
UT WOS:000176969700004
ER

PT J
AU Krieger, KJ
   Wing, BL
AF Krieger, KJ
   Wing, BL
TI Megafauna associations with deepwater corals (Primnoa spp.) in the Gulf
   of Alaska
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium
CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000
CL HALIFAX, CANADA
DE corals; Alaska; submarine
ID ABUNDANCE; ROCKFISH; SHELF
AB Few in situ observations have been made of deepwater corals and, therefore, little is known about their biology or ecological significance. Deepwater corals (Primnoa spp.) were observed from a manned submersible at 11 sites in the Gulf of Alaska from 1989 to 1997 at depths of 161-365 m. We identified 10 megafaunal groups that associate with Primnoa to feed on the coral, use the coral branches for suspension feeding, or for protection. Predators on Primnoa polyps included sea stars, nudibranchs, and snails. Sea stars were the main predators, consuming 45% and 34% of the polyps at two sites. Suspension-feeders included crinoids, basket stars, anemones, and sponges. Most suspension-feeders observed at depths >300 m were associated with Primnoa. Protection seekers included rockfish, crab, and shrimp. Six rockfish species were either beneath, among, or above Primnoa. Shrimp were among the polyps, and a pair of mating king crabs were beneath Primnoa. These observations indicate Primnoa are important components of the deepwater ecosystem and removal of these slow-growing corals could cause long-term changes in associated megafauna.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Krieger, KJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
NR 20
TC 94
Z9 100
U1 4
U2 14
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 471
SI SI
BP 83
EP 90
DI 10.1023/A:1016597119297
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575VT
UT WOS:000176969700010
ER

PT J
AU Andrews, AH
   Cordes, EE
   Mahoney, MM
   Munk, K
   Coale, KH
   Cailliet, GM
   Heifetz, J
AF Andrews, AH
   Cordes, EE
   Mahoney, MM
   Munk, K
   Coale, KH
   Cailliet, GM
   Heifetz, J
TI Age, growth and radiometric age validation of a deep-sea,
   habitat-forming gorgonian (Primnoa resedaeformis) from the Gulf of
   Alaska
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium
CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000
CL HALIFAX, CANADA
DE deep-sea coral; radiometric age validation; gorgonian; Primnoa
   resedaeformis; biogenic habitat
ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA L; BRIAREUM-ASBESTINUM; PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; CORALS;
   OCTOCORALLIA; ATLANTIC; CARBON; RATES
AB Sustainable fisheries require (1) viable stock populations with appropriate harvest limits and (2) appropriate habitat for fish to survive, forage, seek refuge, grow and reproduce. Some deep-water habitats, such as those formed by deep-water stands of coral, may be vulnerable to fishing disturbance. The rate at which habitat can be restored is a critical aspect of fishery management. The purpose of this study was to characterize growth rates for a habitat-forming deep-sea coral. Two nearly complete colonies of red tree coral (Primnoa resedaeformis) collected from waters off southeast Alaska were used for an analysis of age and growth characteristics. CAT scans revealed that colonies consisted of multiple settlement events, where older basal structures provided for settlement of new colonies. The decay of Pb-210 over the length of the colony was used to validate age estimates from growth ring counts. Age estimates were over 100 yr for sections near the heavily calcified base. Based on validated growth ring counts, growth of red tree coral ranged from 1.60 to 2.32 cm per year in height and was approximately 0.36 mm per year in diameter. These growth rates suggest that the fishery habitat created by red tree coral is extremely vulnerable to bottom fishing activities and may take over 100 years to recover.
C1 Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   Alaska Dept Fish & Game, CWT & Otolith Lab, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
   NOAA, NMFS, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM andrews@mlml.calstate.edu
RI Cordes, Erik/B-3293-2009; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
NR 45
TC 108
Z9 114
U1 4
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
EI 1573-5117
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 471
SI SI
BP 101
EP 110
DI 10.1023/A:1016501320206
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575VT
UT WOS:000176969700012
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, MT
   Andrews, AH
   Brown, AL
   Cordes, EE
AF Wilson, MT
   Andrews, AH
   Brown, AL
   Cordes, EE
TI Axial rod growth and age estimation of the sea pen, Halipteris
   willemoesi Kolliker
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium
CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000
CL HALIFAX, CANADA
DE Pennatulacea; age; growth; axial rod; lead-210; radium-226
ID CYNOMORIUM PALL CNIDARIA; LONG-LIVED FISHES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN;
   PENNATULACEA; OCTOCORALLIA; COELENTERATA; VALIDATION; OTOLITHS;
   ANTHOZOA; SKELETON
AB Halipteris willemoesi is a large octocoral commonly found in the Bering Sea. It is a member of a ubiquitous group of benthic cnidarians called sea pens (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea). Sea pens have a skeletal structure, the axial rod, that in cross section exhibits growth rings. Pairs of adjacent rings, or ring couplets, were assumed to be annuli and were used to estimate the age and growth of H. willemoesi. Twelve axial rods, extracted from H. willemoesi collected in the Bering Sea, were selected to represent small (25-29 cm total length), medium (97-130 cm TL) and large (152-167 cm TL) colonies. Each rod resembled a tapered dowel; the thickest part (0.90-6.75 mm in diameter) was at about 5-10% of total length from the base tip, the distal part was more gradually tapered than was the base. The number of ring couplets increased with rod size indicating their utility in estimating age and growth. Estimated age among rods was based on couplet counts at the thickest part of each rod; the average estimated age (+/-SE) was 7.1+/-0.7, 19.3+/-0.5, and 44.3+/-2.0 yr for small, medium and large-size rods, respectively. Based on these estimated ages, average growth rate in total length was 3.9+/-0.2, 6.1+/-0.3, and 3.6+/-0.1 cm yr(-1) for small, medium, and large-size colonies. The average annual increase in maximum rod diameter among all colonies was 0.145+/-0.003 SE mm yr(-1); therefore, age prediction from maximum rod diameter was calculated (estimated age (yr) =7.0* (maximum rod diameter, mm) -0.2; R-2=0.99). At maximum diameter, the average couplet width was relatively constant among the three colony sizes (0.072+/-0.05 mm). X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses revealed that the inorganic portion of the rod is composed of a high-magnesium calcite. Radiometric validation of these age and growth rate estimates was attempted, but high amounts of exogenous Pb-210 precluded using the disequilibria of Pb-210:Ra-226. Instead Pb-210 activities were measured in a series of cores extracted along the axial rod. These activities ranged from 0.691+/-0.036 (SE) to 2.76+/-0.13 dpm g(-1), but there was no pattern of decay along the length of the rod; therefore, the growth rates and corresponding ages could not be validated. Based on estimated age from ring couplet counts, growth in total rod length is slow at first, fastest at medium size, and slows toward maximum size, with an estimated longevity approaching 50 yr.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov
RI Cordes, Erik/B-3293-2009; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
NR 34
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
EI 1573-5117
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 471
SI SI
BP 133
EP 142
DI 10.1023/A:1016509506094
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575VT
UT WOS:000176969700016
ER

PT J
AU Cure, B
   Blau, B
   Campi, D
   Goodrich, LF
   Horvath, IL
   Kircher, F
   Liikamaa, R
   Seppala, J
   Smith, RP
   Teuho, J
   Vieillard, L
AF Cure, B
   Blau, B
   Campi, D
   Goodrich, LF
   Horvath, IL
   Kircher, F
   Liikamaa, R
   Seppala, J
   Smith, RP
   Teuho, J
   Vieillard, L
TI The superconducting strand for the CMS solenoid conductor
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology
CY SEP 24-28, 2001
CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res
AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the LHC project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free bore is 6 m. Approximately 2000 km of superconducting strand is under procurement for the conductor of the CMS superconducting solenoid. Each strand length is required to be an integral multiple of 2.75 km. The strand is composed of copper-stabilized multifilamentary Nb-Ti with Nb barrier. Individual strands are identified by distinctive patterns of Nb-Ti filaments selected during stacking of the monofilaments. The statistics of piece length, measurements of I-C, n-value, copper RRR, (Cu+Nb)/Nb-Ti ratio, as well as the results of independent cross checks of these quantities, are presented. A study was performed on the CMS strands to investigate the critical current degradation due to various heat treatments. The degradation versus annealing temperature and duration are reported.
C1 CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
   Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   CEA Saclay, Dapnia, STCM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
   Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Outokumpu Poricopper Oy, Pori 28101, Finland.
RP Cure, B (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
NR 4
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 12
IS 1
BP 1014
EP 1017
AR PII S1051-8223(02)03891-5
DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018572
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 574UU
UT WOS:000176908600228
ER

PT J
AU Han, K
   Ishmaku, A
   Xin, Y
   Garmestani, H
   Toplosky, VJ
   Walsh, R
   Swenson, C
   Lesch, B
   Ledbetter, H
   Kim, S
   Hundley, M
   Sims, JR
AF Han, K
   Ishmaku, A
   Xin, Y
   Garmestani, H
   Toplosky, VJ
   Walsh, R
   Swenson, C
   Lesch, B
   Ledbetter, H
   Kim, S
   Hundley, M
   Sims, JR
TI Mechanical properties of MP35N as a reinforcement material for pulsed
   magnets
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Conference on Magnet Technology
CY SEP 24-28, 2001
CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
SP CERN, European Org Nucl Res
DE defects; dislocations; elastic constant; high strength materials;
   mechanical properties; reinforcement materials
ID DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM
AB A cobalt multiphase alloy, MP35N, is studied as one of the reinforcement materials for pulsed magnets. The mechanical properties of this alloy at room temperature and 77 K are examined. The cold-rolled and aged MP35N produces a hardness of 5650 MPa and yield strength of 2125 MPa at room temperature. At 77 K, the yield strength reached 2500 MPa and the work hardening rate was higher than that at room temperature. The Young's modulus increases about 6% upon cooling from 300 to 5 K. Therefore, the increase of the strength at low temperatures is attributed mainly to the increase of the work hardening rate rather than modulus. The potential for further increasing of the strength of this alloy is discussed.
C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Han, K (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
NR 12
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 12
IS 1
BP 1244
EP 1247
AR PII S1051-8223(02)04170-2
DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1018627
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 574UU
UT WOS:000176908600283
ER

PT J
AU Mills, KL
   Gomaa, H
AF Mills, KL
   Gomaa, H
TI Knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE automated software engineering; knowledge-based software engineering;
   software design; concurrent and real-time system design
AB This paper describes a knowledge-based approach to automate a software design method for concurrent systems. The approach uses multiple paradigms to represent knowledge embedded in the design method. Semantic data modeling provides the means to represent concepts from a behavioral modeling technique, called Concurrent Object-Based Real-time Analysis (COBRA), which defines system behavior using data/control flow diagrams. Entity-Relationship modeling is used to represent a design metamodel based on a design method, called COncurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (CODARTS), which represents concurrent designs as software architecture diagrams, task behavior specifications, and module specifications. Production rules provide the mechanism for codifying a set of CODARTS heuristics that can generate concurrent designs based on semantic concepts included in COBRA behavioral models and on entities and relationships included in CODARTS design metamodels. Together, the semantic data model, the entity-relationship model, and the production rules, when encoded using an expert-system shelf, compose CODA, an automated designer's assistant. Other forms of automated reasoning, such as knowledge-based queries, can be used to check the correctness and completeness of generated designs with respect to properties defined in the CODARTS design metamodel. CODA is applied to generate 10 concurrent designs for four real-time problems. The paper reports the degree of automation achieved by CODA. The paper also evaluates the quality of generated designs by comparing the similarity between designs produced by CODA and human designs reported in the literature for the same problems. In addition, the paper compares CODA with four other approaches used to automate software design methods.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 820,Mail Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 50
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0098-5589
J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG
JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 28
IS 3
BP 228
EP 255
DI 10.1109/32.991319
PG 28
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 528RY
UT WOS:000174257900002
ER

PT J
AU Benz, SP
   Walls, FL
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Burroughs, CJ
AF Benz, SP
   Walls, FL
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Burroughs, CJ
TI Low-distortion waveform synthesis with Josephson junction arrays
SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC 01)
CY JUN 19-22, 2001
CL OSAKA, JAPAN
SP IEICE Electr Soc
DE Josephson juncion; voltage standard; digital synthesis; harmonic
   distortion; phase noise
AB We present measurements of kilohertz and megahertz sine waves synthesized using a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer, A 4.8kHz sine wave synthesized using an ac-coupled bias technique is shown to have a stable 121 mV peak voltage and harmonic distortion 101 dB below the fundamental (-101 dBc (carrier)). We also present results of our first phase-noise measurement. A 5.0 MHz sine wave A,as found to have distortion 33dB lower than the same signal synthesized using a semiconductor digital code generator. The white-noise floor of the Josephson synthesized signal is -132dBc/Hz and is limited h the noise floor of the preamplifier.
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80305 USA.
RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado Springs, CO 80305 USA.
EM benz@boulder.nist.gov
NR 10
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG
PI TOKYO
PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011,
   JAPAN
SN 0916-8524
EI 1745-1353
J9 IEICE T ELECTRON
JI IEICE Trans. Electron.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL E85C
IS 3
BP 608
EP 611
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 528TB
UT WOS:000174258200030
ER

PT J
AU Dabrowska-Zielinska, K
   Kogan, F
   Ciolkosz, A
   Gruszczynska, M
   Kowalik, W
AF Dabrowska-Zielinska, K
   Kogan, F
   Ciolkosz, A
   Gruszczynska, M
   Kowalik, W
TI Modelling of crop growth conditions and crop yield in Poland using
   AVHRR-based indices
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION; SPACECRAFT;
   CORN
AB The application of satellite-derived indices for assessment of crop growth conditions in semi-arid countries is well known. In this paper the authors describe the application of these indices outside semi-arid areas, in Poland, a country with a sufficient water supply. Two indices, Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI), were computed for the whole country for each week for a period of 14 years. These indices were correlated with cereal yield anomalies for each of 49 regions of Poland. Two critical periods in crop development were found: early spring (14-16 weeks of the year) and early summer (22-25 weeks) when the state of crop development determines the magnitude of yield. The indices computed for these two periods were used in a yield prediction model. The results were compared with data provided by the Central Statistical Office. The average error of cereal yield estimates for 49 regions was lower than 4%.
C1 Remote Sensing & Spatial Informat Ctr, PL-00950 Warsaw, Poland.
   NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Satellite Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
RP Dabrowska-Zielinska, K (reprint author), Remote Sensing & Spatial Informat Ctr, 2-4 Jasna St, PL-00950 Warsaw, Poland.
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X
NR 10
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1109
EP 1123
DI 10.1080/01431160110070744
PG 15
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 529JG
UT WOS:000174295900007
ER

PT J
AU Liu, WT
   Kogan, F
AF Liu, WT
   Kogan, F
TI Monitoring Brazilian soybean production using NOAA/AVHRR based
   vegetation condition indices
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; UNITED-STATES; AVHRR DATA; INFRARED
   CHANNELS; YIELD ESTIMATION; NDVI; CALIBRATION; SPACECRAFT; FORECAST
AB This study explores the potential application of NOAA/AVHRR based satellite indices to estimate the soybean yield for Brazil. NOAA AVHRR GVI (Global Vegetation Index) weekly maximum composite NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data sets with a resolution of 16 km for the period of 1985 to 1998 (except 1995 due to missing data) provided by NOAA/NESDIS were used in this study. Nine soybean yield models, including eight principal production states and the country, were constructed using observed yield data and NDVI and/or TCI (Temperature Condition Index) data from 1985 to 1995. The data period of 1996 to 1998 was used to evaluate the model performance. The crop yield is generally affected by technological improvements through time and by the annual weather fluctuation. The contribution of technological improvements was approximated by trend term and weather-related fluctuations of yield around the trend were estimated through AVHRR-based indices. The results showed that four states had significant technological trend contribution with slopes ranging from 0.49 to 0.86 and R2 ranging from 0.22 to 0.62. In most of the models, yield variation around the trend was sensitive to TCI (Temperature Condition Index), during the period of the grain filling stage (end of January for northern states and mid February for the southern states). For most of the models, the determination coefficient (R-2) was higher than 0.6 and the root mean square error (RMSE) was lower than 10%. The results of model validation showed that the absolute errors were lower than 10% in 21 out of 27 cases tested. It is concluded that the satellite indices are useful for crop production monitoring. In the Brazilian soybean production region, where the summer crop season coincides with the rainy season, the temperature-based index is more informative about possible fluctuation of soybean yield and production in Brazil. It is suggested that a combination use of satellite and in situ data may likely improve the yield estimate.
C1 Dom Bosco Catholic Univ, Res Extens & Grad Study Ctr, BR-79117900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
   NOAA, NESDIS, Climat Res & Applicat Div, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Liu, WT (reprint author), Dom Bosco Catholic Univ, Res Extens & Grad Study Ctr, BR-79117900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X
NR 21
TC 47
Z9 59
U1 2
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1161
EP 1179
DI 10.1080/01431160110076126
PG 19
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 529JG
UT WOS:000174295900010
ER

PT J
AU Hurly, JJ
AF Hurly, JJ
TI Thermophysical properties of chlorine from speed-of-sound measurements
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE chlorine; Cl-2; equation of state; intermolecular potential; speed of
   sound; thermodynamic properties; virial coefficients
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS;
   TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES; HEXAFLUORIDE; POTENTIALS; NITROGEN; MPA
AB The speed of sound was measured in gaseous chlorine using a highly precise acoustic resonance technique. The data span the temperature range 260 to 440 K and the pressure range 100 kPa to the lesser of 1500 kPa or 80% of the sample's vapor pressure. A small correction (0.003 to 0.06%) to the observed resonance frequencies was required to account for dispersion caused by the vibrational relaxation of chlorine. The speed-of-sound measurements have a relative standard uncertainty of 0.01%. The data were analyzed to obtain the ideal-gas heat capacity as a function of the temperature with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.1%. The reported values of C-p(o) are in agreement with those determined from spectroscopic data. The speed-of-sound data were fitted by virial equations of state to obtain the temperature dependent density virial coefficients. Two virial coefficient models were employed, one based on square-well intermolecular potentials and the second based on a hard-core Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential. The resulting virial equations reproduced the sound speed data to within 0.01% and may be used to calculate vapor densities with relative standard uncertainties of 0.1% or less.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hurly, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 2
BP 455
EP 475
DI 10.1023/A:1015109503116
PG 21
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 556NH
UT WOS:000175855500006
ER

PT J
AU Edwards, SF
AF Edwards, SF
TI Fisheries management
SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Edwards, SF (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0748-5492
J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL
JI Issues Sci. Technol.
PD SPR
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 3
BP 20
EP 21
PG 2
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial;
   Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues
GA 543ED
UT WOS:000175087700018
ER

PT J
AU Bruckner, AW
AF Bruckner, AW
TI Life-saving products from coral reefs
SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Bruckner, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 5
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0748-5492
J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL
JI Issues Sci. Technol.
PD SPR
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 3
BP 39
EP 44
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial;
   Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues
GA 543ED
UT WOS:000175087700028
ER

PT J
AU Spal, RD
AF Spal, RD
TI Singular current density in the planar superconductor/normal
   metal/superconductor junction
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTACTS
AB Interfacial resistivity (rho) is crucial in limiting the peak current density in the planar superconductor/normal metal/superconductor junction. Counterintuitively, as rho-->0, the maximum current density normal to the interface (J(n)(max)) keeps rising until ultimately limited by the superconductor's critical current density. This little known effect, which results from a singularly perturbed mixed boundary value problem, is studied theoretically by analytical and numerical methods, assuming Josephson coupling to be negligible. An approximate formula for J(n)(max) is found, and graphs of J(n)(max) and the junction resistance are computed. Three applications are considered, involving rho measurement, overlap wire joints, and high temperature superconductor composite tape.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Spal, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 91
IS 5
BP 3090
EP 3094
DI 10.1063/1.1428803
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 527JF
UT WOS:000174182400079
ER

PT J
AU Reinking, RF
   Matrosov, SY
   Kropfli, RA
   Bartram, BW
AF Reinking, RF
   Matrosov, SY
   Kropfli, RA
   Bartram, BW
TI Evaluation of a 45 degrees slant quasi-linear radar polarization state
   for distinguishing drizzle droplets, pristine ice crystals, and less
   regular ice particles
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BAND RADAR; AIRCRAFT; CLOUD; HYDROMETEORS
AB A remote sensing capability is needed to detect clouds of supercooled, drizzle-sized droplets, which are a major aircraft icing hazard. Discrimination among clouds of differing ice particle types is also important because both the presence and type of ice influence the survival of liquid in a cloud and the chances for occurrence of these large, most hazardous droplets. This work shows how millimeter-wavelength dual-polarization radar can be used to identify these differing hydrometeors. It also shows that by measuring the depolarization ratio (DR), the estimation of the hydrometeor type can be accomplished deterministically for drizzle droplets; ice particles of regular shapes; and to a considerable extent, the more irregular ice particles, and that discrimination is strongly influenced by the polarization state of the transmitted microwave radiation. Thus, appropriate selection of the polarization state is emphasized.
   The selection of an optimal polarization state involves trade-offs in competing factors such as the functional dynamic range of DR, sensitivity to low-reflectivity clouds, and insensitivity to oscillations in the settling orientations of ice crystals. A 45degrees slant, quasi-linear polarization state, one in which only slight ellipticity is introduced, was found to offer a very good compromise, providing considerable advantages over standard horizontal and substantially elliptical polarizations. This was determined by theoretical scattering calculations that were verified experimentally in field measurements conducted during the Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project (MWISP). A selectable-dual-polarization K-a-band (8.66-mm wavelength) radar was used. A wide variety of hydrometeor types was sampled. Clear differentiation among planar crystals, columnar crystals, and drizzle droplets was achieved. Also, differentiation among crystals of fundamentally different shapes (aspect ratios) within each of the planar and columnar families was found possible. These distinctions matched calculations of DR, usually to within 1 or 2 dB. The results from MWISP and from previous experiments with other polarizations have demonstrated that the agreement between theory and measurements by this method is repeatable. Additionally, although less rigorously predicted by theory, the field measurements demonstrated substantial differentiation among the more irregular and more spherical ice particles, including aggregates, elongated aggregates, heavily rimed dendrites, and graupel. Measurable separation between these various irregular ice particle types and drizzle droplets was also verified.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, OAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Reinking, RF (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, OAR, ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Roger.Reinking@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 19
IS 3
BP 296
EP 321
DI 10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.296
PG 26
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 524NK
UT WOS:000174019600003
ER

PT J
AU Ryzhkov, AV
   Zrnic, DS
   Hubbert, JC
   Bringi, VN
   Vivekanandan, J
   Brandes, EA
AF Ryzhkov, AV
   Zrnic, DS
   Hubbert, JC
   Bringi, VN
   Vivekanandan, J
   Brandes, EA
TI Polarimetric radar observations and interpretation of co-cross-polar
   correlation coefficients
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION; RAIN; ELECTRIFICATION; THUNDERSTORMS; PRECIPITATION; STORM
AB Preliminary analysis of all components of the polarimetric radar covariance matrix for precipitation measured with the NCAR S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) and the Colorado State University-University of Chicago-Illinois State Water Survey (CSU-CHILL) radars is presented. Radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Z(h), differential reflectivity Z(DR), linear depolarization ratio LDR, specific differential phase K-DP, cross-correlation coefficient \rho(hv)\, and two co-cross-polar correlation coefficients, rho(xh) and rho(xv), have been measured and examined for two rain events: the 14 August 1998 case in Florida and the 8 August 1998 case in Colorado.
   Examination of the coefficients rho(xh) and rho(xv) is the major focus of the study. It is shown that hydrometeors with different types of orientation can be better delineated if the coefficients rho(xh) and rho(xv) are used. Rough estimates of the raindrop mean canting angles and the rms width of the canting angle distribution are obtained from the co-cross-polar correlation coefficients in combination with other polarimetric variables.
   Analysis of the two cases indicates that the raindrop net canting angles averaged over the propagation paths near the ground in typical convective cells do not exceed 2.5degrees. Nonetheless, the mean canting angles in individual radar resolution volumes in rain can be noticeably higher. Although the net canting angle for individual convective cells can deviate by a few degrees from zero, the average over a long propagation path along several cells is close to zero, likely because canting angles in different cells vary in sign.
   The rms width of the canting angle distribution in rain is estimated to vary mainly between 5degrees and 15degrees with the median value slightly below 10degrees.
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 21
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 19
IS 3
BP 340
EP 354
DI 10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.340
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 524NK
UT WOS:000174019600005
ER

PT J
AU Greene, JS
   Cook, WE
   Knapp, D
   Haines, P
AF Greene, JS
   Cook, WE
   Knapp, D
   Haines, P
TI An examination of the uncertainty in interpolated winds and its effect
   on the validation and intercomparison of forecast models
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Meteorological models need to be compared to long-term, routinely collected meteorological data. Whenever numerical forecast models are validated and compared, verification winds are normally interpolated to individual model grid points. To be statistically significant, differences between model and verification data must exceed the uncertainty of verification winds due to instrument error, sampling, and interpolation. This paper will describe an approach to examine the uncertainty of interpolated boundary layer winds and illustrate its practical effects on model validation and intercomparison efforts. This effort is part of a joint model validation project undertaken by the Environmental Verification and Analysis Center at the University of Oklahoma (http://www.evac.ou.edu) and the Battlefield Environment Directorate of the Army Research Laboratory. The main result of this study is to illustrate that it is crucial to recognize the errors inherent in gridding verification winds when conducting model validation and intercomparison work. Defendable model intercomparison results may rely on proper scheduling of model tests with regard to seasonal wind climatology and choosing instrument networks and variogram functions capable of providing adequately small errors due to sampling and imperfect modeling. Thus, it is important to quantify verification wind uncertainty when stating forecast errors or differences in the accuracy of forecast models.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Univ Oklahoma, Environm Verificat & Anal Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Natl Weather Serv, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA.
   USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA.
RP Greene, JS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 19
IS 3
BP 397
EP 401
DI 10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.397
PG 5
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 524NK
UT WOS:000174019600010
ER

PT J
AU Archer, DG
AF Archer, DG
TI The enthalpy of fusion of gallium
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SCANNING CALORIMETERS; TEMPERATURE-SCALE;
   CALIBRATION; STANDARD
AB An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure the enthalpy of fusion of a very pure sample of gallium. The new value of the enthalpy of fusion was determined to be Delta(fus)H = 80.097 +/- 0.032 J.g(-1), where the uncertainty corresponded to a 95% confidence interval. A comparison with previous determinations is made.
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Archer, DG (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 47
IS 2
BP 304
EP 309
DI 10.1021/je015532p
PG 6
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 532KY
UT WOS:000174475100033
ER

PT J
AU Duan, XF
   Burggraf, LW
   Weeks, DE
   Davico, GE
   Schwartz, RL
   Lineberger, WC
AF Duan, XF
   Burggraf, LW
   Weeks, DE
   Davico, GE
   Schwartz, RL
   Lineberger, WC
TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of Si2C3- and quantum chemistry of the linear
   Si2C3 cluster and its isomers
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS; SMALL CARBON CLUSTERS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES;
   VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; BINDING-ENERGIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS;
   AB-INITIO; SPECTRA; ANIONS
AB The 364 nm photoelectron spectrum of Si2C3- is reported, together with high level ab initio calculations of the linear anion, and six linear and eight nonlinear structures of the neutral Si2C3. The adiabatic electron affinity of Si2C3, corresponding to the transition from the linear anion to the lowest electronic state of the linear singlet neutral, is found to be 1.766+/-0.012 eV. Theoretical results were essential for interpreting the spectrum. The level of theory necessary to accurately describe the electronic structure of Si2C3 cluster isomers is presented and discussed. Several vibration frequencies for the neutral linear structure are obtained from the spectra and compared to results from different levels of theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
   Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Duan, XF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
NR 55
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 9
BP 3601
EP 3611
DI 10.1063/1.11427709
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 522GT
UT WOS:000173888400009
ER

PT J
AU Ransibrahmanakul, V
   Stumpf, RP
AF Ransibrahmanakul, V
   Stumpf, RP
TI The use of AVHRR satellite data for estimating spatially varying
   critical wind stress in Florida Bay
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE remote sensing; wind stress; AVHRR; sediment resuspension; Florida Bay
ID SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; TRANSITION ZONE; SHALLOW LAKE; MODEL; ESTUARY;
   RIVER; PLUME; WAVES
AB Critical bottom stress for resuspension and sediment settling are essential parameters in determining and modeling sediment transport in shallow water. However, these parameters are often assumed spatially uniform due to the problem of obtaining the necessary data. This paper presents a method for obtaining spatially varying critical wind stress and spatially varying change in concentration by settling in Florida Bay. As a means to get critical wind stress, a simple model for estimating suspended sediment concentration was implemented. The model has one time-dependent input, wind stress; and four time-independent inputs: maximum concentration, minimum concentration, temporal scale of sediment settling decay, and critical wind stress. Maximum concentration, minimum concentration, and temporal scale of sediment concentration settling decay were derived from time series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Temporal scale of settling was determined using a simple model of concentration change with wind mixing of the water column. The critical wind stress for resuspension was obtained by optimizing the error between the model's results and the observed concentrations. The modeled sediment concentration performed best in areas where wind was the only dominant forcing agent rather than in areas where advection may also play a significant role. Incorporating this approach into standard modeling of sediment circulation can provide better information on the occurrence and potential for resuspension.
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Technol Planning & Management Corp, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Ransibrahmanakul, V (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Technol Planning & Management Corp, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway,N-SCI1 Rm 9110, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD SPR
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 2
BP 267
EP 273
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 560DY
UT WOS:000176068400005
ER

PT J
AU Godin, OA
AF Godin, OA
TI A 2-D description of sound propagation in a horizontally-inhomogeneous
   ocean
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAVEL-TIMES; ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; PERTURBATION-THEORY; RANDOM-MEDIA;
   PATHS; MODES
AB Effects of horizontal refraction on underwater sound propagation in deep and shallow water are considered within geometrical acoustics and adiabatic normal modes approximations. Several distinct formulations of the adiabatic approximation have been proposed in the literature on modal propagation. These formulations differ in the predicted values of mode amplitudes and, hence, in their reciprocity and energy-conserving proper-ties. The formulations are compared with respect to their accuracy and domain of validity, assuming small and smooth variation of mode propagation constants characteristic of underwater acoustic waveguides. Perturbation theory for horizontal (modal) rays is used in the analysis. An approximate expression for the adiabatic mode amplitude in 3-D problems is derived which requires environmental information only along the source-receiver radial and which has greater accuracy than previous formulations. It is shown that the uncoupled azimuth approximation, also known as the N x 2-D approximation, overestimates travel times of ray arrivals as well as phases of adiabatic normal modes in a horizontally-inhomogeneous ocean. The travel time and phase biases rapidly increase with the value of cross-range environmental gradients and propagation range. Simple and explicit expressions for leading-order corrections to the travel time and the phase are found in terms of path-averaged cross-range environmental gradients. Implications on applicability of the uncoupled azimuth approximation for sound propagation modeling in a horizontally-inhomogeneous ocean are discussed. A perfect-wedge model of the coastal ocean is chosen to illustrate the importance of the travel-time and phase biases due to horizontal refraction.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Ocean Remote Sensing Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanog Inst, Acoust Wave Propagat Lab, Moscow 117851, Russia.
RP Godin, OA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Ocean Remote Sensing Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM Oleg.godin@noaa.gov
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0218-396X
J9 J COMPUT ACOUST
JI J. Comput. Acoust.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 10
IS 1
BP 123
EP 151
DI 10.1142/S0218396X02001425
PG 29
WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Acoustics; Mathematics
GA 549UE
UT WOS:000175464500007
ER

PT J
AU Xu, HHK
   Quinn, JB
   Takagi, S
   Chow, LC
AF Xu, HHK
   Quinn, JB
   Takagi, S
   Chow, LC
TI Processing and properties of strong and non-rigid calcium phosphate
   cement
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium phosphate cement; hydroxyapatite; chitosan; non-rigid;
   periodontal defects; strength; work-of-fracture
ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; REINFORCEMENT; AUGMENTATION
AB A calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite and has been used in dental and craniofacial applications. However, when CPC was used in periodontal repair, tooth mobility resulted in the fracture and exfoliation of the brittle implants, The aim of this study was to develop CPC-chitosan lactate composites with higher strength and increased strain before failure. It was hypothesized that the incorporation of chitosan lactate would render CPC non-rigid with improved proper-ties, Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of chitosan lactate and powder:liquid ratio (p < 0.001) on flexural strength, strain-at-peakload, work-of-fracture, and elastic modulus. At powder:liquid = 2, the strength (mean +/- SD; n = 6) at 20% chitosan lactate was 15.7 +/- 1.3 MPa, higher than 4.9 +/- 1.4 MPa of CPC without chitosan lactate. At powder:liquid = 1, the strain-at-peakload was 0.2% for CPC without chitosan lactate; it increased to 15.8% for CPC containing 15% chitosan lactate. The work-of-fracture was increased by more than ten times. The novel strong and non-rigid CPC may provide compliance for tooth mobility without fracturing the implant, and may also extend the use of CPC into the repair of larger defects in stress-bearing locations.
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789, R29 DE12476]
NR 30
TC 64
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 10
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
IS 3
BP 219
EP 224
PG 6
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559JR
UT WOS:000176023500015
PM 11881631
ER

PT J
AU Antonucci, JM
   Fowler, BO
   Dickens, SH
AF Antonucci, JM
   Fowler, BO
   Dickens, SH
TI Interaction of a silane coupling agent with dental monomers.
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
SI SI
MA 0960
BP A140
EP A140
PG 1
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559KE
UT WOS:000176024700952
ER

PT J
AU Deng, Y
   Lloyd, I
   Lawn, BR
AF Deng, Y
   Lloyd, I
   Lawn, BR
TI Damage modes in all-ceramic crownlike bilayer and trilayer strutures
   using contact testing.
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
SI SI
MA 3838
BP A470
EP A470
PG 1
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559KE
UT WOS:000176024703805
ER

PT J
AU Jiro, T
   Stansbury, JW
   Antonucci, JM
   Suzuki, K
AF Jiro, T
   Stansbury, JW
   Antonucci, JM
   Suzuki, K
TI Effect of acidic monomer structure on polymer properties of UDMA/Acidic
   monomer resins
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Okayama Univ, Grad Sch, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
SI SI
MA 2680
BP A336
EP A336
PG 1
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559KE
UT WOS:000176024702653
ER

PT J
AU Yoneda, S
   Guthrie, WF
   Bright, DS
   Khatri, CA
   Wang, FW
AF Yoneda, S
   Guthrie, WF
   Bright, DS
   Khatri, CA
   Wang, FW
TI Effects of hydrolytic degradation on in vitro biocompatibility of
   poly(d,l-lactic acid).
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
SI SI
MA 1364
BP A186
EP A186
PG 1
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559KE
UT WOS:000176024701350
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JZ
   Vogel, GL
   Schumacher, G
   Harper, DS
   Barnett, ML
AF Zhang, JZ
   Vogel, GL
   Schumacher, G
   Harper, DS
   Barnett, ML
TI Effect of essential oil antiseptic mouthrinses on plaque acidogenicity.
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 J Pfizer Inc, New York, NY 10017 USA.
   ADAHF, PRC, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 81
SI SI
MA 3547
BP A436
EP A436
PG 1
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 559KE
UT WOS:000176024703515
ER

PT J
AU Callahan, HA
   Litaker, RW
   Noga, EJ
AF Callahan, HA
   Litaker, RW
   Noga, EJ
TI Molecular taxonomy of the suborder Bodonina (order Kinetoplastida),
   including the important fish parasite, Ichthyobodo necator
SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bodo; Cryptobia; morphology; phylogeny; small-subunit ribosomal RNA;
   Trypanosoma; Trypanosomatina
ID DIMASTIGELLA-TRYPANIFORMIS SANDON; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC-OCEAN;
   PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; CRYPTOBIA-SALMOSITICA; FARMED SALMONIDS; MARINE
   FISHES; FLAGELLATE; RNA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SEQUENCES
AB Ichthyoboda necator is an important fish ectoparasite with a broad host and ecological range. A novel method, involving the use of an anesthetic, allowed the collection of large numbers of parasites from the skin and gills of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis male X M. chrysops female). Genomic DNA from these samples was used to amplify and clone the 18S rRNA gene. The 18S rRNA gene was similarly cloned from Bodo caudatus, Bodo edax, Bodo saltans, an unidentified Bodo species, and Dimastigella trypaniformis. The resulting sequences were aligned with other representative kinetoplastid species using pileup and similarities in secondary structure. Phylogenetic relationships within the suborder Bodonina and representatives of the suborder Trypanosomatina were determined using maximum-likelihood statistics. The phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the order Kinetoplastida as a monophyletic assemblage consisting of at least two major lineages. One lineage consisted exclusively of I. necator, indicating that it may represent a new suborder. The second lineage consisted of all other kinetoplastid species, This second lineage appeared to contain at least 8 bodonine sublineages, none of which correlated With currently recognized families, For three sublineages, there was a close correspondence between the 18S phylogeny and the classical taxonomy of Dimastigella, Rhynchobodo, and Rhynchumonas. In contrast, Bodo and Cryptobia were polyphyletic, containing species in two or more sublineages that may represent separate genera.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Program Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Noga, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
EM ed_noga@ncsu.edu
NR 74
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1066-5234
EI 1550-7408
J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL
JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 2
BP 119
EP 128
DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00354.x
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 549CY
UT WOS:000175428000003
PM 12046598
ER

PT J
AU Cook, MA
   Rust, MB
AF Cook, MA
   Rust, MB
TI Bioencapsulation of five forms of erythromycin by adult Artemia salina
   (L.)
SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE bioencapsulation; Artemia; erythromycin; bacterial kidney disease
ID RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; BRINE SHRIMP; DRUG;
   NAUPLII; FOOD; FEED; FRY
AB Uptake of five chemical forms of erythromycin by adult Artemia salina (L.) (erythromycin phosphate - EP, erythromycin stearate - ES, erythromycin estolate - EE, erythromycin hydrate - EH and crystalline erythromycin - CE) was investigated in two trials. In each trial, final erythromycin concentration in Artemia tissue and survival after a 12-h bioencapsulation period were determined. In the first trial, Artemia tissue concentration after a 12-h bioencapsulation period was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by erythromycin form with ES (68.5 +/- 3.3 &mu;g mL(-1), mean +/- SEM) &AP; EH (61.2 +/- 3.4 &mu;g mL(-1)) > CE (37.1 +/- 10.7 mug mL(-1)) > EP (16.4 +/- 7.7 mug mL(-1)) > control. In trial 2, Artemia tissue concentration was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by erythromycin form with EE (111.4 +/- 9.6 &mu;g mL(-1)) > CE (89.1 +/- 1.7 mug mL(-1)) > ES (78.9 +/- 1.6 mug mL(-1)) > EP (33.4 +/- 5.2 mug mL(-1)) > control. Survival was significantly affected by erythromycin form in trial 1 with EP = control (100 +/- 0.0%) > ES (74.4 +/- 2.0%) > CE (32.2 +/- 0.3%) > EH (8.8 +/- 4.4%). In trial 2, survival was also significantly affected by erythromycin form with EP = control (100 +/- 0.0%) > ES (67.1 +/- 3.7%) > CE (52.5 +/- 7.7%) > EE (5.0 +/- 2.5%). Based on both uptake and survival, EP and ES appear to be appropriate compounds for bioencapsulation of erythromycin using live adult Artemia.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Rust, MB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0140-7775
J9 J FISH DIS
JI J. Fish Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 25
IS 3
BP 165
EP 170
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00349.x
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 536PW
UT WOS:000174711900004
ER

PT J
AU MacCrehan, WA
   Reardon, MR
   Duewer, DL
AF MacCrehan, WA
   Reardon, MR
   Duewer, DL
TI Associating gunpowder and residues from commercial ammunition using
   compositional analysis
SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE forensic science; compositional analysis; diphenylamine; ethyl
   centralite; gunpowder; gunshot residue; handgun; nitroglycerin;
   propellant; stabilizer; smokeless powder
ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SMOKELESS POWDERS
AB Qualitatively identifying and quantitatively determining the additives in smokeless gunpowder to calculate a numerical propellant to stabilizer (P/S) ratio is a new approach to associate handgun-fired organic gunshot residues (OGSR) with unfired powder. In past work, the P/S values of handgun OGSR and cartridges loaded with known gunpowders were evaluated. In this study, gunpowder and residue samples were obtained from seven boxes of commercial 38 caliber ammunition with the goals of associating cartridges within a box and matching residues to unfired powders, based on the P/S value and the qualitative identity of the additives. Gunpowder samples from four of the seven boxes of ammunition could be easily differentiated. When visual comparisons of the cartridge powders were considered in addition to composition, powder samples from all seven boxes of ammunition could be reliably differentiated. Handgun OGSR was also collected and evaluated in bulk as well as for individual particles. In some cases. residues could be reliably differentiated based on P/S and additive identity. It was instructive to evaluate the composition of individual unfired gunpowder and OGSR particles. We determined that both the numerical centroid and dispersity of the P/S measurements provide information for associations and exclusions. Associating measurements from residue particles with those of residue samples collected from a test firing of the same weapon and ammunition appears to be a useful approach to account for any changes in composition that occur during the firing process.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP MacCrehan, WA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0022-1198
J9 J FORENSIC SCI
JI J. Forensic Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 47
IS 2
BP 260
EP 266
PG 7
WC Medicine, Legal
SC Legal Medicine
GA 526DP
UT WOS:000174113900004
PM 11908593
ER

PT J
AU Ramillien, G
AF Ramillien, G
TI Gravity/magnetic potential of uneven shell topography
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
DE geopotential modeling; spherical harmonics; forward problem
ID LEAST-SQUARES INVERSION
AB A fast spherical harmonic approach enables the computation of gravitational or magnetic potential created by a non-uniform shell of material bounded by uneven topographies. The resulting field can be evaluated outside or inside the sphere, assuming that density of the shell varies with latitude, longitude, and radial distance. To simplify, the density (or magnetization) source inside the sphere is assumed to be the product of a surface function and a power series expansion of the radial distance. This formalism is applied to compute the gravity signal of a steady, dry atmosphere. It provides geoid/gravity maps at sea level as well as satellite altitude. Results of this application agree closely with those of earlier studies, where the atmosphere contribution to the Earth's gravity field was determined using more time-consuming methods.
C1 NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, E RA31,SSMC3,Rm 3620,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM guillaume.ramillien@falcon.grdl.noaa.gov
NR 12
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
EI 1432-1394
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 76
IS 3
BP 139
EP 149
DI 10.1007/s00190-002-0193-5
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 694KR
UT WOS:000183774200002
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DA
AF Smith, DA
TI Computing components of the gravity field induced by distant topographic
   masses and condensed masses over the entire Earth using the I-D FFT
   approach
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
ID STOKES-HELMERT METHOD; GRAVIMETRIC GEOID DETERMINATION; TERRAIN
   CORRECTIONS; UNITED-STATES
AB A new method for computing gravitational potential and attraction induced by distant, global masses on a global scale has been developed. The method uses series expansions and the well known one-dimensional fast Fourier transform (1-D FFT) method. It has been proven to be significantly faster than quadrature while being equally accurate. Various quantities were studied to cover the two primary applications of the Stokes-Helmert scheme of modeling effects. These two applications (or paths), given the names R/r/D and R/D/r, are briefly discussed, although the primary objective of the paper is to provide computational information to either path, rather than choosing one path as preferable to the other. It is further shown that the impact of masses outside a 4-degree cap can impact the absolute computation of the geoid at more than I cm, and should therefore be included in all local geoid computations seeking that accuracy.
C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Smith, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 76
IS 3
BP 150
EP 168
DI 10.1007/s00190-001-0227-4
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 694KR
UT WOS:000183774200003
ER

PT J
AU Luecke, WE
   Armstrong, TR
AF Luecke, WE
   Armstrong, TR
TI Creep of lanthanum gallate
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP;
   POLYCRYSTALLINE CATIO3; SIALON CERAMICS; SILICON-NITRIDE; FLEXURAL
   CREEP; ION CONDUCTOR; DOPED LAGAO3; DEFORMATION
AB Strontium- and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) was deliberately prepared to give A-site deficient nonstoichiometry with compositions (La0.9Sr0.1)(z)(Ga0.8Mg0.2)O3-delta (z = 1.0, 0.98, and 0.95). Creep tests in four-point bending for 950 degreesC < T < 1350 degreesC and 15 MPa < sigma < 75 MPa in air demonstrated that all three compositions shared a common stress dependence, n = 1.49 +/- 0.10, and a common apparent activation energy, Q = 426 9 kJ/mol. Despite this agreement, the creep rates of the different compositions depended on grain size in different ways: P = 3.1 +/- 0.2 for z = 0.98, and p = 1.9 +/- 0.1 for z = 0.95. The measured apparent activation energy, Q, for creep is similar, though statistically significantly smaller, than that measured in another LSGM. Both are nearly twice as large as reported activation energies for cation impurity diffusion. The absolute magnitude of the creep rates, after correction for grain size, were 30 to 100 times slower than in another LSGM of similar composition.
C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Luecke, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Luecke, William/0000-0003-0587-4500
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 3
BP 532
EP 541
DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0075
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 529LB
UT WOS:000174300000005
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, SJ
   Barker, PE
   Hadfield, MG
AF Anderson, SJ
   Barker, PE
   Hadfield, MG
TI Cytonectin expression in Alzheimer disease
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; V-FMS; ANTIBODIES; LEUKEMIA; CELLS
AB Cytonectin is a novel 35,000 molecular weight protein that displays remarkable ion-independent adherence properties. This consigns it to a family of well-known adherence molecules essential for cell communication and the development of 3-dimensional tissue structures. Cytonectin is expressed in a variety of organs and tissues, being evolutionarily conserved from human to avian species. It is hypothesized to serve as a key structural component of the body, and as a "do not attack" signal molecule that prevents tissue destruction by cells of monocyte lineage. This paper describes the properties of cytonectin and its proposed role in normal and disease states. The protein is overexpressed in Alzheimer disease entorhinal cortex as compared to normal age-matched controls. It is also detected in tissues from patients with Down syndrome and leukemia. Its presence in all 3 of these related conditions may prove important to their etiopathogenesis.
C1 VCU, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Legal Med, Div Neuropathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
RP Hadfield, MG (reprint author), VCU, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Box 980017,MCV Stn,Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3069
J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR
JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 61
IS 3
BP 230
EP 236
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology
GA 530BK
UT WOS:000174335600005
PM 11895037
ER

PT J
AU Manion, JA
AF Manion, JA
TI Evaluated enthalpies of formation of the stable closed shell C1 and C2
   chlorinated hydrocarbons
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Review
DE chloroethanes; chloroethenes; chloroethynes; chloromethanes; enthalpy of
   formation; enthalpy of vaporization; ethane; ethene; ethyne; heat
   capacity of vaporization; heat of formation; heat of vaporization;
   methane
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE; PYROLYSIS; HEATS; C2CL6
AB Experimental data on the enthalpies of formation of chloromethanes, chloroethynes, chloroethenes, and chloroethanes are critically reviewed. Enthalpy of formation values for the C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons are highly cross-linked by various measured reaction equilibria and currently available sets of values are not internally self-consistent. It is shown that the early static bomb combustion calorimetry studies on highly chlorinated compounds generally give enthalpies of formation that are systematically more positive than later values derivable from rotating bomb combustion or equilibria studies. Those previously recommended values which were based mainly on the early static bomb work therefore need substantial revision. On the basis of more recent literature data obtained with rotating bomb combustion calorimetry, together with analyses of literature data on other reaction enthalpies and equilibria involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, an updated self-consistent set of Delta(f)H(o)[298.15 K] values for closed shell chlorinated C1 and C2 hydrocarbons (25 compounds) is recommended. Data on the enthalpies of vaporization are also reviewed and values of Delta(vap)H[298.15 K] and Delta(vap)H(o)[298.15 K] are recommended. The presently suggested enthalpies of formation for highly chlorinated alkenes and alkanes (particularly C2Cl4, C2HCl3, C2HCl5, and C2Cl6) are significantly (8-15 kJ mol(-1)) more negative than given by most previous evaluators. Values for the chloroethynes are 10-25 kJ mol(-1) more positive than given in previous reviews and more limited changes are suggested for other compounds in the series. (C) 2002 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Manion, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 145
TC 94
Z9 95
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 31
IS 1
BP 123
EP 172
DI 10.1063/1.1420703
PG 50
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 539RV
UT WOS:000174885000002
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, AH
   Lemmon, EW
AF Harvey, AH
   Lemmon, EW
TI Correlation for the vapor pressure of heavy water from the triple point
   to the critical point
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE D2O; heavy water; ITS-90; vapor pressure
ID ITS-90
AB A new formulation has been developed to represent the vapor pressure of heavy water (D2O) from its triple point to its critical point. This work takes advantage of several developments since the publication of the best previous formulation: the availability of some new data in the lower part of the temperature range, the adoption of the ITS-90 temperature scale, and the adoption of recommended values for the critical constants by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). The new formulation fits the available data within their scatter across the entire temperature range, and is constrained to pass through the values recommended by IAPWS for the critical point. The previous formulation can be made to provide a similarly good fit if its input temperatures are converted from ITS-90 to IPTS-68 before the vapor pressure is computed. The new formulation offers the advantage of computation without having to perform a temperature conversion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chen Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chen Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 33
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 31
IS 1
BP 173
EP 181
DI 10.1063/1.1430231
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 539RV
UT WOS:000174885000003
ER

PT J
AU Klose, JZ
   Fuhr, JR
   Wiese, WL
AF Klose, JZ
   Fuhr, JR
   Wiese, WL
TI Critically evaluated atomic transition probabilities for Ba I and Ba II
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE allowed transitions; barium; BaI; BaII; forbidden transitions;
   oscillator strengths; transition probabilities
ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; NEUTRAL BARIUM; QUANTUM JUMPS; LASER; LEVEL; ION
AB Atomic transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden lines of Ba I and Ba II are tabulated, based on a critical evaluation of recent literature sources. The data are presented in multiplet format and are ordered by increasing excitation energies. (C) 2002 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Klose, JZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 29
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 31
IS 1
BP 217
EP 230
DI 10.1063/1.1448482
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 539RV
UT WOS:000174885000005
ER

PT J
AU Jentschura, UD
   Pachucki, K
AF Jentschura, UD
   Pachucki, K
TI Two-loop self-energy corrections to the fine structure
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL
LA English
DT Article
ID RELATIVISTIC HYDROGEN-ATOM; ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; LAMB-SHIFT;
   UNIFIED TREATMENT; HELIUM; INTERVAL
AB We investigate two-loop higher order binding corrections to the fine structure, which contribute to the spin-dependent part of the Lamb shift. Our calculation focuses on the so-called 'two-loop self-energy' involving two-virtual closed photon loops. For-bound states, this correction has proved to be notoriously difficult to evaluate. The calculation of the binding corrections to the bound state two-loop self-energy is simplified by a separate treatment of hard and soft virtual photons. The two photon-energy scales are matched at the end of the calculation. We explain the significance of the mathematical methods employed in the calculation in a more general context, and present results for the fine-structure difference of the two-loop self energy through the order of alpha(8).
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
   Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 8401, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 40
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0305-4470
J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN
JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 8
BP 1927
EP 1942
AR PII S0305-4470(02)29899-6
DI 10.1088/0305-4470/35/8/310
PG 16
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 529ZY
UT WOS:000174332200012
ER

PT J
AU Bundy, MH
   Vanderploeg, HA
AF Bundy, MH
   Vanderploeg, HA
TI Detection and capture of inert particles by calanoid copepods: the role
   of the feeding current
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBER; CONTACT RATES; PREY; PREDATOR; PERCEPTION;
   MECHANISMS; TURBULENCE; PLANKTON; BEHAVIOR; MARINE
AB Although there is a scarcity of supporting empirical evidence, it has long been suspected that calanoid copepods use mechanoreception to detect the presence and location of potential prey items entrained in the feeding current. In this study, we document the first observations showing a freely, swimming calanoid copepod, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis, attacking prey-sized, non-motile, inert particles entrained in the feeding current before the particles contact the copepods sensory, appendages. Feeding current geometry, fluid velocities and associated behaviours that characterize these interactions are described. The results of this study show how copepod swimming behaviour coupled with a low-velocity feeding current, not only increases copepod encounter rates with inert pray by increasing direct contact rates, but also increases the probability, of detecting and capturing remotely, located prey that have well-developed escape responses. In turbulent regimes, a far-reaching, low-velocity feeding current should increase encounter rates, but only if coupled with behaviours that quickly, minimize separation distances once prey is detected.
C1 Acad Nat Sci Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA.
   NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Bundy, MH (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Estuarine Res Ctr, 10545 Mackall Rd, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA.
OI Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475
NR 27
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 24
IS 3
BP 215
EP 223
DI 10.1093/plankt/24.3.215
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 534CW
UT WOS:000174567900004
ER

PT J
AU Birnbaum, G
   Buechele, A
   Thomas, ME
   Banta, M
   Picque, N
   Guelachvili, G
   Hartmann, JM
AF Birnbaum, G
   Buechele, A
   Thomas, ME
   Banta, M
   Picque, N
   Guelachvili, G
   Hartmann, JM
TI Experimental and theoretical studies of absorption in microwindows of
   the nu(4)-band of methane and methane-hydrogen
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED LINE SHIFTS; BAND; SPECTRA;
   (CH4)-C-12; AR
AB The absorption coefficients of room temperature CH4 and CH4-H-2 mixtures were measured in the 1300-1360 cm(-1) region of the nu(4) band at about 295 K as a function of pressure. These results were analyzed at frequencies in the most transparent regions of various microwindows in order to study the far wings of self- and H-2-broadened lines in the R-branch of the nu(4) band. The experimental results were compared with synthetic spectra computed from the addition of Lorentzian line contributions. From such comparisons it appears that the high-frequency wings of the lines of the Q-branch decay more rapidly than do Lorentz wings. At higher wave numbers, the measured absorption tends to be equal and then less than the computed Lorentz absorption, although these deviations may not be significant in view of the uncertainties of the measurements and line parameters used in the computed spectra. Nonetheless, the computed absorption when including line coupling is in better overall agreement with the experiment and confirms the role of the Q-branch in producing the sub-Lorentzian absorption noted above. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
   Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
   Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Univ Paris 11, Ctr Orsay, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
RP Thomas, ME (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 72
IS 5
BP 637
EP 654
DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00146-7
PG 18
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 515DN
UT WOS:000173480300007
ER

PT J
AU Bentz, DP
   Mizell, S
   Satterfield, S
   Devaney, J
   George, W
   Ketcham, P
   Graham, J
   Porterfield, J
   Quenard, D
   Vallee, F
   Sallee, H
   Boller, E
   Baruchel, J
AF Bentz, DP
   Mizell, S
   Satterfield, S
   Devaney, J
   George, W
   Ketcham, P
   Graham, J
   Porterfield, J
   Quenard, D
   Vallee, F
   Sallee, H
   Boller, E
   Baruchel, J
TI The Visible Cement Data Set
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cement hydration; image analysis; microstructure; Plaster of Paris;
   visualization; x-ray microtomography
ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE;
   PERCOLATION; RESOLUTION; HYDRATION; MODEL
AB With advances in x-ray microtomography, it is now possible to obtain three-dimensional representations of a material's microstructure with a voxel size of less than one micrometer. The Visible Cement Data Set represents a collection of 3-D data sets obtained using the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France in September 2000. Most of the images obtained are for hydrating portland cement pastes, with a few data sets representing hydrating Plaster of Paris and a common building brick. All of these data sets are being made available on the Visible Cement Data Set website at http://visiblecement.nist.gov. The website includes the raw 3-D datafiles, a description of the material imaged for each data set, example two-dimensional images and visualizations for each data set, and a collection of C language computer programs that will be of use in processing and analyzing the 3-D microstructural images. This paper provides the details of the experiments performed at the ESRF, the analysis procedures utilized in obtaining the data set files, and a few representative example images for each of the three materials investigated.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ctr Sci & Tech Batiment, Grenoble, France.
   Ctr Sci & Tech Batiment, Marne La Vallee, France.
   European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; steven.satterfield@nist.gov;
   judith.devaney@nist.gov; william.george@nist.gov;
   peter.ketcham@nist.gov; james.graham@nist.gov;
   james.porterfield@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 65
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 12
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 107
IS 2
BP 137
EP 148
DI 10.6028/jres.107.013
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 546XL
UT WOS:000175301600001
PM 27446723
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, J
   Mills, K
AF Yuan, J
   Mills, K
TI Exploring collective dynamics in communication networks
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cellular automata; collective dynamics; complex system; congestion
   control; emergence; communication networks; long-range dependence;
   modeling and simulation; network traffic
ID COMPUTER NETWORK; PHASE-TRANSITION; 1/F NOISE; MODEL; PERFORMANCE;
   CONGESTION; BEHAVIOR
AB A communication network, such as the Internet, comprises a complex system where cooperative phenomena may emerge from interactions among various traffic flows generated and forwarded by individual nodes. To identify and understand such phenomena, we model a network as a two-dimensional cellular automaton. We suspect such models can promote better understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution of network congestion, and other emergent phenomena in communication networks. To search the behavior space of the model, we study dynamic patterns arising from interactions among traffic flows routed across shared network nodes, as we employ various configurations of parameters and two different congestion-control algorithms. In this paper, we characterize correlation in congestion behavior within the model at different system sizes and time granularities. As expected, we find that long-range dependence (LRD) appears at some time granularities, and that for a given network size LRD decays as time granularity increases. As network size increases, we find that long-range dependence exists at larger time scales. To distinguish effects due to network size from effects due to collective phenomena, we compare congestion behavior within networks of selected sizes to congestion behavior within comparably sized sub-areas in a larger network. We find stronger long-range dependence for sub-areas within the larger network. This suggests the importance of modeling networks of sufficiently large size when studying the effects of collective dynamics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yuan, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jian.yuan@nist.gov; kevin.mills@nist.gov
NR 25
TC 16
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 107
IS 2
BP 179
EP 191
DI 10.6028/jres.107.016
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 546XL
UT WOS:000175301600004
PM 27446726
ER

PT J
AU Moncarz, HT
AF Moncarz, HT
TI A knowledge-navigation system for dimensional metrology
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dimensioning and tolerancing; dimensional metrology; knowledge
   navigation; manufacturing training; VRML
AB Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a method to specify the dimensions and form of a part so that it will meet its design intent. GD&T is difficult to master for two main reasons. First, it is based on complex 3D geometric entities and relationships. Second, the geometry is associated with a large, diverse knowledge base of dimensional metrology with many interconnections. This paper describes an approach to create a dimensional metrology knowledge base that is organized around a set of key concepts and to represent those concepts as virtual objects that can be navigated with interactive, computer visualization techniques to access the associated knowledge. The approach can enable several applications. First is the application to convey the definition and meaning of GD&T over a broad range of tolerance types. Second is the application to provide a visualization of dimensional metrology knowledge within a control hierarchy of the inspection process. Third is the application to show the coverage of interoperability standards to enable industry to make decisions on standards development and harmonization efforts. A prototype system has been implemented to demonstrate the principles involved in the approach.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Moncarz, HT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM howard.moncarz@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 107
IS 2
BP 193
EP 205
DI 10.6028/jres.107.017
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 546XL
UT WOS:000175301600005
PM 27446727
ER

PT J
AU Migler, KB
   Son, Y
   Qiao, F
   Flynn, K
AF Migler, KB
   Son, Y
   Qiao, F
   Flynn, K
TI Extensional deformation, cohesive failure, and boundary conditions
   during sharkskin melt fracture
SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; WALL SLIP; EXTRUSION INSTABILITIES; CAPILLARY
   EXTRUSION; POLYBUTADIENE MELTS; POLYMER EXTRUSION; PROCESSING AID; FLOW;
   DIE; ADHESION
AB We measure the flow kinetics of a polyethylene extruded through the exit of a sapphire capillary tube in order to understand the nature of sharkskin, a surface roughness in the extruded material. Optical velocimetry shows that sharkskin can occur under a variety of polymer/wall boundary conditions; stick, slip, or oscillating stick/slip, demonstrating that the flow boundary condition is not the direct cause of sharkskin. Downstream of the exit, high-speed video microscopy reveals two distinct material failures during each sharkskin cycle, the first is cohesive and splits the material into two regions, the second one occurs at the polymer-wall interface. Upon modification of the surface with a polymer processing additive (PPA), we confirm strong slip at the wall and a suppression of sharkskin, but find that sharkskin does return at sufficiently high flow rates. The extensional strain rate at the onset of shark-skin is significantly higher in the case with PPA than that without. We then empirically define a "reconfiguration rate" and find it is comparable at the onset of sharkskin for the two surface conditions, We use data in the literature to;how that the reconfiguration rate also predicts the relationship observed between the onset of sharkskin and the capillary radius. (C) 2002 The Society of Rheology.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Migler, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 36
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 1
U2 10
PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0148-6055
J9 J RHEOL
JI J. Rheol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 46
IS 2
BP 383
EP 400
DI 10.1122/1.1445186
PG 18
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 530PP
UT WOS:000174368400004
ER

PT J
AU Liu, B
   Berrie, CL
   Kitajima, T
   Bright, J
   Leone, SR
AF Liu, B
   Berrie, CL
   Kitajima, T
   Bright, J
   Leone, SR
TI Atomic force microscopy study of the growth and annealing of Ge islands
   on Si(100)
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM DOTS; HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH; GE/SI(100) ISLANDS; SHAPE
   TRANSITION; STRAINED ISLANDS; SI(001); SURFACES; NANOCRYSTALS;
   DIFFUSION; GERMANIUM
AB Atomic force microscopy is used to study the growth and annealing of Ge island.s on Si(100) by molecular beam epitaxy. The Ge island shape, size distribution, number density and spatial distribution under various growth conditions, such as different substrate temperatures, Ge beam fluxes, and annealing times, are investigated. By limiting the growth to a low coverage of 6 NIL of Ge, we find that either a low growth temperature (less than or equal to875 K) or a high beam flux can produce films dominated by pyramids of {105} facets. Domes of higher aspect ratios only appear at high growth temperatures or after a long time of annealing at low temperatures. This indicates that in the competition between the different kinetic processes responsible for the pyramid and dome formation, the domes require a higher activation energy and grow slower. We also demonstrate that appropriate annealing at low temperature can form locally ordered arrays of pyramids, with a narrow, size distribution. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 20
IS 2
BP 678
EP 684
DI 10.1116/1.1459724
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 544PH
UT WOS:000175168800030
ER

PT J
AU Lenhart, JL
   Jones, RL
   Lin, EK
   Soles, CL
   Wu, WL
   Goldfarb, DL
   Angelopoulos, M
AF Lenhart, JL
   Jones, RL
   Lin, EK
   Soles, CL
   Wu, WL
   Goldfarb, DL
   Angelopoulos, M
TI Combinatorial methodologies offer potential for rapid research of
   photoresist materials and formulations
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 45th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam
   Technology and Nanofabrication
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer
ID ACID-CATALYZED DEPROTECTION; RESIST MATERIALS; KINETICS
AB A combinatorial research methodology is outlined with the potential to investigate material factors in photoresist formations more rapidly than with traditional experimental design. The approach involves generating a gradient. of processing variables in the photoresist film and using a set of analysis tools to "map" the photoresist properties as a function of the gradient variables. While high-thruoghput strategies have proven useful for empirical optimization of photoresist processing conditions, they have not been fully exploited to probe the complex array of material issues in projection lithography. Of primary importance in combinatorial methodologies is the generation of variable gradients. The focus of this article is to) illustrate techniques to generate a gradient in bake temperature and bake time in the polymer films, and to illustrate that these gradient techniques can be used to probe fundamental properties of lithographic materials, such as deprotection kinetics. These gradient techniques were applied to rapidly probe the deprotection behavior of a poly (tertbutyloxy-carbonyloxy-styrene). The deprotection data, obtained by applying the combinatorial gradients, agrees well with previous literature, validating the accuracy of these high throughput methods. The advantage of the combinatorial research strategies lies in the potential to investigate fundamental lithographic phenomena more rapidly than with traditional experimentation. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 20
IS 2
BP 704
EP 709
DI 10.1116/1.1463069
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 544PH
UT WOS:000175168800034
ER

PT J
AU Anikeev, VI
   Ermakova, A
   Manion, D
   Hugh, R
AF Anikeev, VI
   Ermakova, A
   Manion, D
   Hugh, R
TI Reaction kinetics of 2-propanol dehydration in supercritical water
SO KINETICS AND CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACID-CATALYZED DEHYDRATION
AB A study of the kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions in supercritical fluids is considered. An experimental procedure was proposed for examining reversible chemical reactions in supercritical water. The reaction kinetics of 2-propanol dehydration in supercritical water was studied. It was found that the uncatalyzed reactions of olefin hydrogenation by hydrogen dissolved in supercritical water occur at high rates near the critical point of water. The experimental data on the dehydration of 2-propanol in supercritical water are adequately described by first-order reaction rate equations. The rate constants and activation energies of 2-propanol dehydration near the critical point of supercritical water were found.
C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Anikeev, VI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA
PI NEW YORK
PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY
   10013-1578 USA
SN 0023-1584
J9 KINET CATAL+
JI Kinet. Catal.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 43
IS 2
BP 189
EP 194
DI 10.1023/A:1015312326339
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 553JJ
UT WOS:000175671800006
ER

PT J
AU Seitzinger, SP
   Sanders, RW
   Styles, R
AF Seitzinger, SP
   Sanders, RW
   Styles, R
TI Bioavailability of DON from natural and anthropogenic sources to
   estuarine plankton
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE NITROGEN; COASTAL
   MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; RIVERINE HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WORLD RIVERS;
   PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS; BACTERIA; MATTER
AB Utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from natural (forests) and anthropogenic (animal pastures, urban/suburban storm water runoff) sources (three sites per source) by estuarine plankton communities was examined in spring, summer, and fall. The proportion of DON utilized ranged from 0 to 73%. Overall, urban/suburban storm water runoff had a higher proportion of bioavailable DON (59% +/- 11) compared to agricultural pastures (30% +/- 14) and forests (23% +/- 19). DON bioavailability varied seasonally; however, the seasonal pattern differed for the three sources. Bacterial production increased linearly with the amount of DON utilized across all sources and seasons; the rate of increase was approximately five times greater per micromole of N as DON used relative to dissolved inorganic N (DIN) used. Although phytoplankton production generally increased with DON addition, the increased production was not correlated with the amount of DON utilized, suggesting that a variable portion of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-N was directly or indirectly available to the phytoplankton. This indicates that phytoplankton production is not a good measure of the amount of bioavailable DON, and measurements of the amount of bioavailable DON based on bacterial responses alone might not reflect N available to phytoplankton. Preliminary seasonal budgets of bioavailable N (DIN plus bioavailable DON) as a function of land use suggest that similar to80% of the total dissolved N (TDN) from urban/suburban runoff is bioavailable, whereas a lower proportion (20-60%) of TDN is bioavailable from forests and pastures. N budgets for aquatic ecosystems based on only DIN loading underestimate bioavailable N loading, whereas total N or TDN budgets overestimate bioavailable N inputs.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA, CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
   Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
RP Seitzinger, SP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA, CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RI Sanders, Robert/C-1116-2011
OI Sanders, Robert/0000-0001-7264-1059
NR 63
TC 172
Z9 189
U1 10
U2 70
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 47
IS 2
BP 353
EP 366
PG 14
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 537GT
UT WOS:000174751100003
ER

PT J
AU O'Connor, TP
AF O'Connor, TP
TI National distribution of chemical concentrations in mussels and oysters
   in the USA
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE mussel watch; tissue analysis; chlorinated hydrocarbons; organotins;
   polyaromatic hydrocarbons; trace elements; biological responses
ID MYTILUS-EDULIS; TRACE-METALS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PUGET-SOUND;
   WATCH; WASHINGTON; BIVALVES; TRENDS
AB Since 1986 the NOAA National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program Mussel Watch has monitored concentrations of trace chemicals in the coastal United States by sampling mussels, oysters, and sediment. The sediment data have been used to define the status or geographic distribution of chemical concentrations (Daskalakis, K. D., & O'Connor, T. P (1995). Distribution of chemical contamination in coastal and estuarine sediments. Marine Environmental Research 40, 381-398) and the molluscan data have provided an estimate of temporal trends (O'Connor, T. P. (1996). Trends in chemical concentrations in mussels and oysters collected along the US coast from 1986 to 1993. Marine Environmental Research 41,183-200, O'Connor, T. P. (1998). Mussel Watch results from 1986 to 1996. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37, 14-19). This paper centers on chemical concentrations in mollusks at 263 sites around the United States. It provides perspective on concentration ranges and on geographic distributions. For most organic chemicals and lead, concentrations vary in proportion to numbers of people living near a site. For elements, other than lead, high concentrations in mollusks can be due more to natural factors than to human activity. Concentrations of PAHs in tissues of mussels from urban areas are in a range reported to exert biological responses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 NOAA, N SCII, Natl Status & Trends Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP O'Connor, TP (reprint author), NOAA, N SCII, Natl Status & Trends Program, 1305 E West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 38
TC 119
Z9 122
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 53
IS 2
BP 117
EP 143
DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(01)00116-7
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 508QG
UT WOS:000173099700001
PM 11824825
ER

PT J
AU Berkelmans, R
   Hendee, JC
   Marshall, PA
   Ridd, PV
   Orpin, AR
   Irvine, D
AF Berkelmans, R
   Hendee, JC
   Marshall, PA
   Ridd, PV
   Orpin, AR
   Irvine, D
TI Automatic weather stations: Tools for managing and monitoring potential
   impacts to coral reefs
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; AUSTRALIA; SEDIMENT
AB With recent technological advances and a reduction in the cost of automatic weather stations and data buoys, the potential exists for significant advancement in science and environmental management using near real-time, high-resolution data to predict biological and/or physical events. However, real-world examples of how this potential wealth of data has been used in environmental management are few, and far between. We describe in detail two examples where near real-time data are being used for the benefit of science and management. These include a prediction of coral bleaching events using temperature, light and wind as primary predictor variables, and the management of a coastal development where dynamic discharge quality limits are maintained with the aid of wind data as a proxy for turbidity in receiving waters. We argue that the limiting factors for the use of near real-time environmental data in management is frequently not the availability of the data, but the lack of knowledge of the quantitative relationships between biological/physical processes or events and environmental variables. We advocate renewed research into this area and an integrated approach to the use of a wide range of data types to deal with management issues in an innovative, cost-effective manner.
C1 Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
   Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
   NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
   Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand.
   Duncan Irvine & Associates Pty Ltd, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
RP Berkelmans, R (reprint author), Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
RI Orpin, Alan/C-9107-2009; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Ridd,
   Peter/M-5871-2014
OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; 
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD SPR
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 1
BP 29
EP 38
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 557YX
UT WOS:000175937700005
ER

PT J
AU Weygandt, SS
   Shapiro, A
   Droegemeier, KK
AF Weygandt, SS
   Shapiro, A
   Droegemeier, KK
TI Retrieval of model initial fields from single-Doppler observations of a
   supercell thunderstorm. Part I: Single-Doppler velocity retrieval
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OBSERVED CONVECTIVE STORMS; SIMULATED
   DATA EXPERIMENTS; ADJOINT-METHOD RETRIEVALS; ALTITUDE WIND FIELDS;
   RADAR-DERIVED WINDS; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; PHOENIX-II;
   THERMODYNAMIC RETRIEVAL; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL
AB In this two-part study, a single-Doppler parameter retrieval technique is developed and applied to a real-data case to provide initial conditions for a short-range prediction of a supercell thunderstorm. The technique consists of the sequential application of a single-Doppler velocity retrieval (SDVR), followed by a variational velocity adjustment, a thermodynamic retrieval, and a moisture specification step. By utilizing a sequence of retrievals in this manner, some of the difficulties associated with full-model adjoints (possible solution nonuniqueness and large computational expense) can be circumvented. In Part I, the SDVR procedure and present results from its application to a deep-convective storm are discussed. Part II focuses on the thermodynamic retrieval and subsequent numerical prediction.
   For the SDVR, Shapiro's reflectivity conservation-based method is adapted by applying it in a moving reference frame. Verification of the retrieved wind fields against corresponding dual-Doppler analyses indicates that the best skill scores are obtained for a reference frame moving with the mean wind, which effectively reduces the problem to a perturbation retrieval. A decomposition of the retrieved wind field into mean and perturbation components shows that the mean wind accounts for a substantial portion of the total retrieved azimuthal velocity. At low levels, where the retrieval skill scores are especially good, the retrieved perturbation azimuthal velocity is mostly associated with the polar component of vorticity. Missing from the retrieved fields (compared to the dual-Doppler analysis) is most of the low-level azimuthal convergence. Consistent with this result, most of the retrieved updraft is associated with convergence of the perturbation radial velocity, which is calculated from the observed radial velocity and directly used in the wind retrieval.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Weygandt, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Off Atmospher Res, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway,R-FS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015
NR 69
TC 57
Z9 67
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 3
BP 433
EP 453
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0433:ROMIFF>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 523VA
UT WOS:000173976900001
ER

PT J
AU Weygandt, SS
   Shapiro, A
   Droegemeier, KK
AF Weygandt, SS
   Shapiro, A
   Droegemeier, KK
TI Retrieval of model initial fields from single-Doppler observations of a
   supercell thunderstorm. Part II: Thermodynamic retrieval and numerical
   prediction
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; MICROPHYSICS; HELICITY;
   TIME
AB In this two-part study, a single-Doppler parameter retrieval technique is developed and applied to a real-data case to provide model initial conditions for a short-range prediction of a supercell thunderstorm. The technique consists of the sequential application of a single-Doppler velocity retrieval (SDVR), followed by a variational velocity adjustment, a thermodynamic retrieval, and a moisture specification step. In Part I, the SDVR procedure is described and results from its application to a supercell thunderstorm are presented. In Part II, results from the thermodynamic retrieval and the numerical model prediction for this same case are presented. For comparison, results from parallel sets of experiments using dual-Doppler-derived winds and winds obtained from the simplified velocity retrieval described in Part I are also shown.
   Following the SDVR, the retrieved wind fields (available only within the storm volume) are blended with a base-state background field obtained from a proximity sounding. The blended fields are then variationally adjusted to preserve anelastic mass conservation and the observed radial velocity. A Gal-Chen type thermodynamic retrieval procedure is then applied to the adjusted wind fields. For all experiments (full retrieval, simplified retrieval, and dual Doppler), the resultant perturbation pressure and potential temperature fields agree qualitatively with expectations for a deep-convective storm. An analysis of the magnitude of the various terms in the vertical momentum equation for both the full retrieval and dual-Doppler experiments indicates a reasonable agreement with predictions from linear theory. In addition, the perturbation pressure and vorticity fields for both the full retrieval and dual-Doppler experiments are in reasonable agreement with linear theory predictions for deep convection in sheared flow.
   Following a simple moisture specification step, short-range numerical predictions are initiated for both retrieval experiments and the dual-Doppler experiment. In the full single-Doppler retrieval and dual-Doppler cases, the general storm evolution and deviant storm motion are reasonably well predicted for a period of about 35 minutes. In contrast, the storm initialized using the simplified wind retrieval decays too rapidly, indicating that the additional information obtained by the full wind retrieval (primarily low-level polar vorticity) is vital to the success of the numerical prediction. Sensitivity experiments using the initial fields from the full retrieval indicate that the predicted storm evolution is strongly dependent on the initial moisture fields. Overall, the numerical prediction results suggest at least some degree of short-term predictability for this storm and provide an impetus for continued development of single-Doppler retrieval procedures.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Weygandt, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Off Atmospher Res, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway,R-FS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015
NR 43
TC 52
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 3
BP 454
EP 476
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0454:ROMIFF>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 523VA
UT WOS:000173976900002
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, QN
   Zou, X
   Pondeca, M
   Shapiro, MA
   Velden, C
AF Xiao, QN
   Zou, X
   Pondeca, M
   Shapiro, MA
   Velden, C
TI Impact of GMS-5 and GOES-9 satellite-derived winds on the prediction of
   a NORPEX extratropical cyclone
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; NORTH
   PACIFIC; MODEL; WATER; WAVE; CONVECTION; FORECASTS; SCHEME
AB The impact of satellite-derived wind observations on the prediction of a mid-Pacific Ocean cyclone during the North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX, 14 Jan-27 Feb 1998) is assessed using a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) approach in which a nonhydrostatic version of the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) serves as a strong constraint. The satellite-derived wind observations are retrieved through an automated tracking algorithm using water vapor visible, and infrared imagery from the operational Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 (GMS-5) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-9 (GOES-9) over the North Pacific basin. For the case studied, it is found that the amount of satellite wind data is much greater in the upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere.
   The 4DVAR assimilation of the satellite wind observations is carried out on a single domain with 90-km horizontal resolution. Incorporation of satellite wind observations was found to increase the cyclonic zonal wind shear and the cross-front temperature gradient associated with the simulated cyclone. However, the improvement in the intensity of the simulated cyclone measured by the central sea level pressure is marginal using the same assimilation model. Increasing the forecast model resolution by nesting a 30-km resolution domain yields a more significant impact of the satellite-derived wind data on the cyclone intensity prediction. The GMS-5 satellite winds (upstream data) are found to have more influence on the quality of the cyclone development than the GOES-9 satellite winds (downstream data). An adjoint sensitivity study confirms that the most sensitive region is located upstream of the cyclone, and that the cyclone is more sensitive to the lower rather than the upper atmosphere. Therefore, it is anticipated that larger impacts on cyclone prediction in the mid-Pacific Ocean will occur when a greater or equal amount of satellite wind observations are made available for the lower troposphere as are available for the upper levels.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
RP Xiao, QN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
NR 40
TC 31
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 3
BP 507
EP 528
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0507:IOGAGS>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 523VA
UT WOS:000173976900004
ER

PT J
AU Harrison, MJ
   Rosati, A
   Soden, BJ
   Galanti, E
   Tziperman, E
AF Harrison, MJ
   Rosati, A
   Soden, BJ
   Galanti, E
   Tziperman, E
TI An evaluation of air-sea flux products for ENSO simulation and
   prediction
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPROVED COUPLED MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; OCEAN INITIALIZATION; EL-NINO;
   CHAOS; LOCKING; OSCILLATOR; PACIFIC
AB This paper presents a quantitative methodology for evaluating air-sea fluxes related to ENSO from different atmospheric products. A statistical model of the fluxes from each atmospheric product is coupled to an ocean general circulation model (GCM). Four different products are evaluated: reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), satellite-derived data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imaging (SSM/I) platform and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), and an atmospheric GCM developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) as part of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) II. For this study, comparisons between the datasets are restricted to the dominant air-sea mode.
   The stability of a coupled model using only the dominant mode and the associated predictive skill of the model are strongly dependent on which atmospheric product is used. The model is unstable and oscillatory for the ECMWF product, damped and oscillatory for the NCEP and GFDL products, and unstable (nonoscillatory) for the satellite product. The ocean model is coupled with patterns of wind stress as well as heat fluxes. This distinguishes the present approach from the existing paradigm for ENSO models where surface heat fluxes are parameterized as a local damping term in the sea surface temperature (SST) equation.
C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Harrison, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 29
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 3
BP 723
EP 732
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0723:AEOASF>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 523VA
UT WOS:000173976900016
ER

PT J
AU Wullschleger, SD
   Gunderson, CA
   Hanson, PJ
   Wilson, KB
   Norby, RJ
AF Wullschleger, SD
   Gunderson, CA
   Hanson, PJ
   Wilson, KB
   Norby, RJ
TI Sensitivity of stomatal and canopy conductance to elevated CO2
   concentration - interacting variables and perspectives of scale
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE canopy transpiration; evapotranspiration; forest water use; global
   change; Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum); sap velocity; transpiration
ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; XYLEM SAP FLOW;
   CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PINE FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM;
   WATER-USE; TRANSPIRATION
AB The hydrological response of forests to rising CO2 is a critical biotic feedback in the study of global climate change. Few studies, however, have investigated this highly dynamic response at relevant temporal and spatial scales.
   A combination of leaf and whole-tree measurements and stand-level extrapolations were used to assess how stomatal conductance, canopy transpiration and conductance, and evapotranspiration might be affected by future, higher CO2 concentrations.
   Midday measurements of stomatal conductance for leaves sampled in a 12-yr-old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) stand exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment were up to 44% lower at elevated than at ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas canopy conductance, averaged over the growing season, was only 14% lower in stands exposed to CO2 enrichment. The magnitude of this response was dependent on vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential. Annual estimates of evapotranspiration showed relatively small reductions due to atmospheric CO2 enrichment.
   These data illustrate that the hydrological response of a closed-canopy plantation to elevated CO2 depends on the temporal and spatial scale of observation. They emphasize the importance of interacting variables and confirm that integration of measurements over space and time reduce what, at the leaf level, might otherwise appear to be a large and significant response.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   NOAA, Air Res Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Hanson, Paul
   J./D-8069-2011
OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Norby,
   Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561
NR 68
TC 100
Z9 106
U1 4
U2 25
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 153
IS 3
BP 485
EP 496
DI 10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00333.x
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 523ZH
UT WOS:000173987100015
ER

PT J
AU Shelton, RK
   Foreman, SM
   Ma, LS
   Hall, JL
   Kapteyn, HC
   Murnane, MM
   Notcutt, M
   Ye, J
AF Shelton, RK
   Foreman, SM
   Ma, LS
   Hall, JL
   Kapteyn, HC
   Murnane, MM
   Notcutt, M
   Ye, J
TI Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively
   synchronized, mode-locked lasers
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FEMTOSECOND LASER; PHASE-CONTROL
AB With the implementation of a fast-bandwidth servo, along with improved laser construction and associated better passive stability, we have achieved subfemtosecond relative timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. Timing jitter of 0.58 fs is obtained with a 160-Hz observation bandwidth over several seconds. Within a 2-MHz observation bandwidth, the timing jitter is 1.75 fs. Excellent repeatability and rapid speed in setting an arbitrary time delay between two pulses are also demonstrated. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
NR 12
TC 93
Z9 94
U1 7
U2 18
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 27
IS 5
BP 312
EP 314
DI 10.1364/OL.27.000312
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 526RL
UT WOS:000174143400010
PM 18007787
ER

PT J
AU Key, PB
   Fulton, MH
AF Key, PB
   Fulton, MH
TI Characterization of cholinesterase activity in tissues of the grass
   shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)
SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE STAGES; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; EXPOSURE; FISH
AB Inhibition of cholinesterases in estuarine organisms is a useful indicator of organophosphorus insecticide exposure. Recent research has indicated that more than one cholinesterase may be present in tissues of estuarine organisms and that these cholinesterases vary in their sensitivity to organophosphorus insecticides. Baseline cholinesterase activity for adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) was determined with four substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, acetyl-beta-methylthiocholine iodide, propionylthiocholine iodide, S-butyrylthiocholine iodide) and three cholinesterase inhibitors (eserine sulfate, tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide, 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethyl-ammoniumphenyl) pentan-3-one dibromide). Cholinesterase activity was the highest with acetylthiocholine iodide at 57.42 nmol/mg P/min and the lowest with acetyl-beta methylthiocholine iodide at 6.17 nmol/mg P/min. The four substrates tested were not inhibited by tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide. Eserine sulfate significantly inhibited cholinesterase activity against all substrates except S-butyrylthiocholine iodide. The results of substrate specificity and cholinesterase inhibition in grass shrimp indicate that acetylthiocholine iodide is the most appropriate substrate for assessing cholinesterase inhibition in grass shrimp. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science (USA).
C1 Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Key, PB (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NR 23
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0048-3575
J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS
JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 72
IS 3
BP 186
EP 192
AR PII S0048-3575(02)00006-8
DI 10.1016/S0048-3575(02)00006-8
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA 567RW
UT WOS:000176499700007
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WL
   Lee, S
   Chuang, TJ
AF Wang, WL
   Lee, S
   Chuang, TJ
TI Steady-state crack growth along a grain boundary in interconnects with a
   high electric field intensity
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS
   AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVATION-ENERGY; GOLD-FILMS; ELECTROMIGRATION
AB A pre-existing microcrack is considered to grow in a steady state along a grain boundary of an interconnect line under the action of an applied electric field. Consistent with electromigration, the mechanism of crack growth is assumed via diffusive transport of atoms from both crack surfaces to the grain boundary. A set of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the crack shape is derived from physical principles and solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, coupled with a two-point shooting method. The results showed that the steady-state crack velocity V is proportional to the applied field E-0 with an exponent of 1.5, that is V = AE(0)(1.5), in agreement with the previous analysis. However, the proportionality constant A is enhanced owing to electric field concentration at the crack tip.
C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
EM sblee@mse.nthu.edu.tw
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-8610
J9 PHILOS MAG A
JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 82
IS 5
BP 955
EP 970
DI 10.1080/01418610110095193
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 529JK
UT WOS:000174296200007
ER

PT J
AU Bryant, GW
AF Bryant, GW
TI Exciton states in quantum dot solids: excitation transfer and dynamic
   decorrelation
SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in
   Semiconductors (HCIS-12)
CY AUG, 2001
CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO
DE electronic structure; excitons; nanocrystals; quantum computing; quantum
   dots
AB Coherent exciton transport in quantum dot solids is determined by electron and hole interdot tunneling and dipole-dipole interdot excitation transfer. We present a tight-binding theory of coupled dots to understand the interdot coupling and hybridization of states in dot solids. Results show that significant coupling is possible. Exciton dynamics in a dot solid is simulated by use of a Hubbard model that includes interdot carrier tunneling, electron-hole attraction and Forster exciton excitation transfer. Dynamic exciton decorrelation is driven by carrier tunneling. Dynamic exciton dephasing is driven by excitation transfer. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 13
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 314
IS 1-4
BP 15
EP 19
AR PII S0921-4526(01)01457-0
DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01457-0
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 558ZD
UT WOS:000175997500004
ER

PT J
AU Bao, W
   Christianson, AD
   Pagliuso, PG
   Sarrao, JL
   Thompson, JD
   Lacerda, AH
   Lynn, JW
AF Bao, W
   Christianson, AD
   Pagliuso, PG
   Sarrao, JL
   Thompson, JD
   Lacerda, AH
   Lynn, JW
TI Effect of La doping on magnetic structure in heavy fermion CeRhIn5
SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic structure; heavy fermion superconductor; neutron diffraction
ID HAAS-VAN-ALPHEN; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CECOIN5; CEIRIN5;
   PRESSURE
AB The magnetic structure of Ce0.9La0.1RhIn5 is measured using neutron diffraction. It is identical to the incommensurate transverse spiral for CeRhlnS, with a magnetic wave vector q(M) = (1/2, 1/2, 0.297), and a staggered moment of 0.38(2)mu(B) at 1.4 K despite a reduced Neel temperature of 2.7 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K764, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM wbao@lanl.gov
RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; christianson,
   andrew/A-3277-2016
OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884
NR 18
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
EI 1873-2135
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 312
BP 120
EP 122
AR PII S0921-4526(01)01082-1
DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01082-1
PG 3
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 556WB
UT WOS:000175871000043
ER

PT J
AU Rosenkranz, S
   Osborn, R
   Vasiliu-Doloc, L
   Lynn, JW
   Sinha, SK
   Mitchell, JF
AF Rosenkranz, S
   Osborn, R
   Vasiliu-Doloc, L
   Lynn, JW
   Sinha, SK
   Mitchell, JF
TI Spin correlations and magnetoresistance in the bilayer manganite
   La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7
SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES
   01)
CY AUG 06-10, 2001
CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
DE manganites; spin correlations; magnetoresistance
AB We have studied the magnetic correlations in the x = 40% hole doped bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 using neutron scattering. The in-plane correlations obey standard two-dimensional scaling above T-C similar to 113 K with a crossover towards three-dimensional critical behavior close to T-C, consistent with quasi two-dimensional critical fluctuations. This suggests that conventional magnetism drives the phase transition while simultaneously destroying the charge correlations observed in the paramagnetic region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Rosenkranz, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011
OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Rosenkranz,
   Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 312
BP 763
EP 765
AR PII S0921-4526(01)01224-8
DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01224-8
PG 3
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 556WB
UT WOS:000175871000283
ER

PT J
AU Irwin, KD
AF Irwin, KD
TI SQUID multiplexers for transition-edge sensors
SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Physics and Applications of Superconducting Quantum
   Interference (SQUID 2001)
CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2001
CL STENUNGSBADEN, SWEDEN
SP Royal Acad Sci, Swedish Sci Council, IMEGO AB, ABB Corp Res, Ericsson AB, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, Off SCi Res, USAF Res Lab, European Soc Appl Superconduct, Chalmers, Goteborg Univ, European Sci Fdn
DE SQUID; multiplexer; transition-edge sensor
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETER
AB We review the superconducting quantum interface device (SQUID) multiplexer schemes that are being developed to instrument large-format arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors. We discuss the choice of an orthogonal basis set to represent the multiplexed signal (such as time or frequency) and the practical issues of implementation, including bandwidth-limiting filters, SQUID noise, and power dissipation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 814 03 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 21
TC 79
Z9 80
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 368
IS 1-4
BP 203
EP 210
AR PII S0921-4534(01)01167-4
DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01167-4
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 523FC
UT WOS:000173942500038
ER

PT J
AU Bryant, GW
   Jaskolski, W
AF Bryant, GW
   Jaskolski, W
TI Electronic structure of quantum-dot molecules and solids
SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures
CY JUL 23-27, 2001
CL LINZ, AUSTRIA
DE electronic structure; nanocrystals; quantum dots; tight-binding theory
AB We present an empirical tight-binding theory of nanocrystal nanosystems. We use our tight-binding theory to understand the electronic states of quantum-dot solids, the coupling between nanocrystals, and the hybridization of states in coupled structures. We consider coupled double-dot molecules. Results for epitaxial connections, with the dots lattice-matched across the interdot interface, show significant coupling when the connection is through more than a few atoms. The coupling strength depends on the spatial distribution and symmetry of the states involved, as in molecular hybridization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   UMK, Inst Fizyki, Torun, Poland.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014
OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876
NR 9
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-9477
J9 PHYSICA E
JI Physica E
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 13
IS 2-4
BP 293
EP 296
AR PII S1386-9477(01)00540-9
DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00540-9
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 574BT
UT WOS:000176869100047
ER

PT J
AU Popovic, DB
   Bannister, ME
   Clark, REH
   Chung, YS
   Djuric, N
   Meyer, FW
   Muller, A
   Neau, A
   Pindzola, MS
   Smith, ACH
   Wallbank, B
   Dunn, GH
AF Popovic, DB
   Bannister, ME
   Clark, REH
   Chung, YS
   Djuric, N
   Meyer, FW
   Muller, A
   Neau, A
   Pindzola, MS
   Smith, ACH
   Wallbank, B
   Dunn, GH
TI Absolute cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the 3d(2) F-3
   -> 3d4p D-3, F-3 transitions in Ti2+
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID THRESHOLD; PLASMAS; BEAMS
AB The absolute cross sections for the 3d(2) F-3 --> 3d4p D-3, F-3 excitation of Ti2+ ions at electron energies close to threshold (9-10 eV) were measured using the merged electron-ion beams energy-loss technique. The value of the cross-section step for the sum of the 13 allowed transitions to D-3 and F-3 levels, separated in energy by less than 0.1 eV, is found to be (0.84+/-0.18) x 10(-16) cm(2). Results from a set of first-order distorted-wave calculations range from 0.53x10(-16) cm(2) to 1.63x10(-16) cm(2).
C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
   Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taejon 305764, South Korea.
   Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
   Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden.
   Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
   UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS B2G, Canada.
RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009
OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 3
AR 034704
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.034704
PN B
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 533UK
UT WOS:000174548600103
ER

PT J
AU Rahmani, A
   Bryant, GW
AF Rahmani, A
   Bryant, GW
TI Spontaneous emission in microcavity electrodynamics
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS;
   ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; FINITE GEOMETRIES; SPONTANEOUS DECAY;
   DIELECTRICS; SCATTERING; RATES; SURFACE; FORCE
AB We present a general, semimicroscopic, self-consistent treatment of spontaneous emission for a two-level atom in a dielectric microcavity with arbitrary shape. Both lossless and absorbing media are considered. Our approach is based on linear-response theory and the coupled-dipole method. We illustrate our method on spherical and cubic cavities. We discuss the Purcell effect, the frequency shift, the local-field effect, and the dipole-dipole coupling experienced by a source placed in a microcavity.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Rahmani, Adel/G-6406-2011
NR 37
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 3
AR 033817
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.033817
PN B
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 533UK
UT WOS:000174548600071
ER

PT J
AU Yurovsky, VA
AF Yurovsky, VA
TI Quantum effects on dynamics of instabilities in Bose-Einstein
   condensates
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; TRAPPED GASES; MATTER WAVES;
   COLLAPSE; STATES
AB Dynamics of fluctuations in unstable Bose-Einstein condensates is analyzed by the solution of approximate operator equations. In the case of a condensate with a negative scattering length the present treatment describes a delay of collapse, in agreement with recent experiments. In the case of a collision of two condensate wave packets it is shown that quantum effects lead to a Bose enhancement of elastic-scattering losses. In both cases the noncondensate atoms are formed as entangled pairs in squeezed states.
C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Yurovsky, VA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
NR 38
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 3
AR 033605
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.033605
PN B
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 533UK
UT WOS:000174548600033
ER

PT J
AU Ankudinov, AL
   Bouldin, CE
   Rehr, JJ
   Sims, J
   Hung, H
AF Ankudinov, AL
   Bouldin, CE
   Rehr, JJ
   Sims, J
   Hung, H
TI Parallel calculation of electron multiple scattering using Lanczos
   algorithms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RECURSION METHOD; K-EDGE; RAY; SYSTEMS; XANES
AB Real space multiple scattering calculations of the electronic density of states and x-ray spectra in solids typically scale as the cube of the system and basis set size, and hence are highly demanding computationally. For example, such x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) calculations typically require clusters of order N-R atoms and s, p, and d states for convergence, with N-R between about 10(2)-10(3); for this case about 10(2) inversions of 9N(R) x 9N(R) matrices are needed, one for each energy point. We discuss here two ways to speed up these calculations: (1) message passing interface (MPI) parallel processing and (2) fast, Lanczos multiple scattering algorithms. Together these algorithms can reduce computation times typically by two orders of magnitude. These are both implemented in a generalization of the ab initio self-consistent FEFF8 code, which thus makes practical XANES calculations in complex systems with of order 10(3) atoms. The Lanczos algorithm also yields a natural crossover between full and finite-order multiple scattering with increasing energy, thus differentiating the extended and near-edge regimes.
C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ankudinov, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NR 27
TC 285
Z9 288
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 10
AR 104107
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.104107
PG 11
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UG
UT WOS:000174548300034
ER

PT J
AU Bao, W
   Aeppli, G
   Lynn, JW
   Pagliuso, PG
   Sarrao, JL
   Hundley, MF
   Thompson, JD
   Fisk, Z
AF Bao, W
   Aeppli, G
   Lynn, JW
   Pagliuso, PG
   Sarrao, JL
   Hundley, MF
   Thompson, JD
   Fisk, Z
TI Anisotropic three-dimensional magnetic fluctuations in heavy fermion
   CeRhIn5
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDIATED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; UPT3; WAVE
AB CeRhIn5 is a heavy fermion antiferromagnet that orders at 3.8 K. The observation of pressure-induced superconductivity in CeRhIn5 at a very high T-C of 2.1 K for heavy fermion materials has led to speculations regarding its magnetic fluctuation spectrum. Using magnetic neutron scattering, we report anisotropic three-dimensional antiferromagnetic fluctuations with an energy scale of less than 1.7 meV for temperatures as high as 3T(C). In addition, the effect of the magnetic fluctuations on electrical resistivity is well described by the Born approximation.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011
OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X
NR 31
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 10
AR 100505
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.100505
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UG
UT WOS:000174548300013
ER

PT J
AU Chopra, HD
   Yang, DX
   Chen, PJ
   Egelhoff, WF
AF Chopra, HD
   Yang, DX
   Chen, PJ
   Egelhoff, WF
TI Surfactant-assisted atomic-level engineering of spin valves
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FCC-FE FILMS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
   EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; CU(100); PB
AB Surfactant Ag is successfully used to atomically engineer interfaces and nanostructure in NiO-Co-Cu-based bottom spin valves. At a Cu spacer thickness of 1.5 nm, a strong net ferromagnetic (or positive) coupling >13.92 kA/m (>175 Oe) between NiO-pinned and "free" Co layers leads to a negligible "giant" magnetoresistance (GMR) effect (<0.7%) in Ag-free samples. In contrast, the net ferromagnetic coupling could be reduced by a factor of 2 or more in spin valves deposited in the presence of &AP;1-3 ML of surfactant Ag, and such samples exhibit more than an order of magnitude increase in GMR (8.5-13 %). Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a large contribution to net ferromagnetic coupling in Ag-free samples could be directly attributed to the presence of numerous pinholes. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and TEM studies show that surfactant Ag floats out to the surface during deposition of successive Co and Cu overlayers, leaving behind smooth interfaces and continuous layers that are less prone to intermixing and pinholes. The use of surfactants in the present study also illustrates their potential use in atomic engineering of magnetoelectronics devices and other multilayer systems.
C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Thin Film Nanosynth Lab, Mat Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chopra, HD (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Thin Film Nanosynth Lab, Mat Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
NR 40
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 9
AR 094433
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.094433
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UC
UT WOS:000174547900098
ER

PT J
AU Hirota, K
   Ye, ZG
   Wakimoto, S
   Gehring, PM
   Shirane, G
AF Hirota, K
   Ye, ZG
   Wakimoto, S
   Gehring, PM
   Shirane, G
TI Neutron diffuse scattering from polar nanoregions in the relaxor
   Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; PHASE;
   PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; DIFFRACTION
AB We have studied the diffuse scattering in the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) using triple-axis neutron scattering techniques. The diffuse scattering first appears around the Burns temperature T(d)approximate to620 K, indicating that its origin lies within the polar nanoregions (PNR's). While the relative intensities of the diffuse scattering around (101), (200), and (300) are consistent with those previously reported by Vakhrushev et al., they are, surprisingly, entirely different from those of the lowest-energy transverse-optic (TO) phonon. This observation led Naberezhnov et al. to claim that this TO mode could not be the ferroelectric soft mode. However, a recent neutron study by Gehring et al. has unambiguously shown that the lowest-energy TO mode does soften on cooling and that the relative intensities are similar to those of PbTiO3. If the diffuse scattering in PMN originates from the condensation of a soft TO mode, then the atomic displacements of the PNR must satisfy the center-of-mass condition. But, the atomic displacements determined from diffuse scattering intensities do not fulfill this condition. To resolve this contradiction, we propose a simple model in which the total atomic displacement consists of two components delta(c.m.) and delta(shift). Here delta(c.m.) is created by the soft-mode condensation and thus satisfies the center-of-mass condition. On the other hand, delta(shift) represents a uniform displacement of the PNR's along their polar direction relative to the surrounding (unpolarized) cubic matrix. Within the framework of this model, we can successfully describe the neutron diffuse scattering intensities observed in PMN.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
   Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hirota, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008
NR 16
TC 131
Z9 132
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 10
AR 104105
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.104105
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UG
UT WOS:000174548300032
ER

PT J
AU Mihalkovic, M
   Al-Lehyani, I
   Cockayne, E
   Henley, CL
   Moghadam, N
   Moriarty, JA
   Wang, Y
   Widom, M
AF Mihalkovic, M
   Al-Lehyani, I
   Cockayne, E
   Henley, CL
   Moghadam, N
   Moriarty, JA
   Wang, Y
   Widom, M
TI Total-energy-based prediction of a quasicrystal structure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PRINCIPLES INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; TRANSITION-METAL ALUMINIDES;
   DECAGONAL QUASI-CRYSTALS; UNIT-CELL MODEL; AL-CO-NI; PHASE-DIAGRAMS;
   TRANSFORMATIONS
AB Quasicrystals are metal alloys whose noncrystallographic symmetries challenge traditional methods of structure determination. We employ quantum-based total-energy calculations to predict the structure of a decagonal quasicrystal from first-principles considerations. Our Monte Carlo simulations take as input the knowledge that a decagonal phase occurs in Al-Ni-Co near a given composition and use a limited amount of experimental structural data. The resulting structure obeys a nearly deterministic decoration of tiles on a hierarchy of length scales related by powers of tau, the golden mean.
C1 Tech Univ Chemnitz, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
   Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia.
   Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Mihalkovic, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Chemnitz, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
RI Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014
OI Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696
NR 22
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 10
AR 104205
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.104205
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 533UG
UT WOS:000174548300046
ER

PT J
AU Gebbie, K
AF Gebbie, K
TI Turning women into leaders
SO PHYSICS WORLD
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Measurement, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8585
J9 PHYS WORLD
JI Phys. World
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 15
IS 3
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 530EH
UT WOS:000174342300018
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, JF
   Lim, K
   Tempczyk, A
   Krajewski, W
   Eisenstein, E
   Herzberg, O
AF Parsons, JF
   Lim, K
   Tempczyk, A
   Krajewski, W
   Eisenstein, E
   Herzberg, O
TI From structure to function: YrbI from Haemophilus influenzae (HI1679) is
   a phosphatase
SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE YrbI; HI1679; phosphatase; x-ray crystallography; structural genomics
ID ANAEROBIC PHENOL METABOLISM; P-TYPE ATPASES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE;
   L-2-HALOACID DEHALOGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS SP; PROTEIN; ENZYME; HYDROLASE;
   PHENYLPHOSPHATE; SURFACE
AB The crystal structure of the YrbI protein from Haemophilus influenzae (HI1679) was determined at a 1.67-Angstrom resolution. The function of the protein had not been assigned previously, and it is annotated as hypothetical in sequence databases. The protein exhibits the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold (also termed the Rossmann fold) and resembles most closely the fold of the L-2-haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily. Following this observation, a detailed sequence analysis revealed remote homology to two members of the HAD superfamily, the beta-domain of Ca2+ ATPase and phosphoserine phosphatase. The 19-kDa chains of HI1679 form a tetramer both in solution and in the crystalline form. The four monomers are arranged in a ring such that four beta-hairpin loops, each inserted after the first beta-strand of the core alpha/beta-fold, form an eight-stranded barrel at the center of the assembly. Four active sites are located at the subunit interfaces. Each active site is occupied by a cobalt ion, a metal used for crystallization. The cobalt is octahedrally coordinated to two aspartate side-chains, a backbone oxygen, and three solvent molecules, indicating that the physiological metal may be magnesium. HI1679 hydrolyzes a number of phosphates, including 6-phosphogluconate and phosphotyrosine, suggesting that it functions as a phosphatase in vivo. The physiological substrate is yet to be identified; however the location of the gene on the yrb operon suggests involvement in sugar metabolism. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P41RR12408-01A1, P41 RR012408]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P01
   GM057890, P01-GM57890]
NR 43
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0887-3585
J9 PROTEINS
JI Proteins
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 46
IS 4
BP 393
EP 404
DI 10.1002/prot.10057
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 525XA
UT WOS:000174098300005
PM 11835514
ER

PT J
AU Horlick, J
AF Horlick, J
TI Author should have used the term 'registration'
SO QUALITY PROGRESS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Horlick, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC
PI MILWAUKEE
PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA
SN 0033-524X
J9 QUAL PROG
JI Qual. Prog.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 3
BP 12
EP 13
PG 2
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management;
   Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management
   Science
GA 530VC
UT WOS:000174378800009
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, MK
   Miller, SD
   Kovacs, A
   McLaughlin, WL
   Slezsak, I
AF Murphy, MK
   Miller, SD
   Kovacs, A
   McLaughlin, WL
   Slezsak, I
TI Characterization of a new photo-fluorescent film dosimeter for
   high-radiation dose applications
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP-12)
CY MAR 25-30, 2001
CL AVIGNON, FRANCE
DE dosimetry; food irradiation; gamma sterilization; film dosimeter
ID SUNNA DOSIMETER
AB Characterization studies on one of the first versions of the Sunna fluorescent dosimeter(TM) have been published by Kovacs and McLaughlin. This present study describes testing results of a newer version of the dosimeter (Model gamma batch 0399-20). This dosimeter is a 1-cm x 3-cm polymeric film of 0.5 mm thickness that emits a green fluorescence component at intensities almost linear with dose. The manufacturing method (injection molding) allows potential batch sizes on the order of a million while maintaining a signal precision on the order of +/- 1 %. Studies include dose response, dose rate dependence, energy dependence, post-irradiation stability, environmental effects, and variation of response within a batch. Data for both food irradiation and sterilization dose levels were obtained. The results indicate that the green signal (0.3-250kGy) works well for food irradiation dose levels, especially in refrigerated facilities that maintain tight temperature control. The green signal also works well in sterilization facilities because its irradiation temperature coefficient above room temperature is minimal at sterilization doses. If the user requires readout results in < 22 h after room temperature irradiation, the user can either calibrate for a specific post-irradiation readout time(s) or simply heat the dosimeters in a small laboratory oven to quickly stabilize the signal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Sunna Syst Corp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, Chem Res Ctr, Budapest, Hungary.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Sensolab Inc, Budapest, Hungary.
RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Sunna Syst Corp, 3100 George Washington Way, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 63
IS 3-6
BP 751
EP 754
AR PII S0969-806X(01)00607-7
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00607-7
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
   Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 535JT
UT WOS:000174642000123
ER

PT J
AU Desrosiers, M
   Nagy, V
   Puhl, J
   Glenn, R
   Densock, R
   Stieren, D
   Lang, B
   Kamlowski, A
   Maier, D
   Heiss, A
AF Desrosiers, M
   Nagy, V
   Puhl, J
   Glenn, R
   Densock, R
   Stieren, D
   Lang, B
   Kamlowski, A
   Maier, D
   Heiss, A
TI e-calibrations: using the Internet to deliver calibration services in
   real time at lower cost
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP-12)
CY MAR 25-30, 2001
CL AVIGNON, FRANCE
DE alanine; calibrations; dosimetry; electron paramagnetic resonance;
   Internet; remote control
ID ALANINE DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; ADVANCEMENTS; ACCURACY
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is expanding into a new frontier in the delivery of measurement services. The Internet will be employed to provide industry with electronic traceability to national standards. This is a radical departure from the traditional modes of traceability and presents many new challenges. The traditional mail-based calibration service relies on sending artifacts to the user, who then mails them back to NIST for evaluation. The new service will deliver calibration results to the industry customer on-demand, in real-time, at a lower cost. The calibration results can be incorporated rapidly into the production process to ensure the highest quality manufacturing. The service would provide the US radiation processing industry with a direct link to the NIST calibration facilities and its expertise, and provide an interactive feedback process between industrial processing and the national measurement standard. Moreover, an Internet calibration system should contribute to the removal of measurement-related trade barriers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   Bruker Analyt GMBH, EPR Div, D-76827 Rheinstetten Karlsruhe, Germany.
   Bruker Instruments Inc, EPR Div, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
RP Desrosiers, M (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Mailstop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 63
IS 3-6
BP 759
EP 763
AR PII S0969-806X(01)00609-0
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00609-0
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
   Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 535JT
UT WOS:000174642000125
ER

PT J
AU Kovacs, A
   Baranyai, M
   Wojnarovits, L
   Miller, S
   Murphy, M
   McLaughlin, WL
   Slezsak, I
   Kovacs, AI
AF Kovacs, A
   Baranyai, M
   Wojnarovits, L
   Miller, S
   Murphy, M
   McLaughlin, WL
   Slezsak, I
   Kovacs, AI
TI Applicability of the Sunna dosimeter for food irradiation control
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP-12)
CY MAR 25-30, 2001
CL AVIGNON, FRANCE
DE dosimetry; radiation processing; process control; fluorimetry
AB The quick development concerning the commercial application of food irradiation in the USA recently resulted in growing marketing of irradiated red meat as well as irradiated fresh and dried fruits. These gamma and electron irradiation technologies require specific dosimetry systems for process control. The new version of the Sunna dosimeter has been characterized in gamma, electron and bremsstrahlung radiation fields by measuring the optically stimulated luminescence (osl) at 530 nm both below and above 1 kGy, i.e. for disinfestation and for meat irradiation purposes. No humidity and no significant dose rate effect on the green osl signal was observed. The temperature coefficient was determined from 0degreesC up to about 40degreesC and to stabilize the osl signal after irradiation a heat treatment method was introduced. Based on these investigations the Sunna 'gamma' film is a suitable candidate for dose control below and above I kGy for food irradiation technologies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, Chem Res Ctr, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
   Sunna Syst Corp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Sensolab Ltd, H-2011 God, Hungary.
   Hungarian Coll Econo, H-1162 Budapest, Hungary.
RP Kovacs, A (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, Chem Res Ctr, POB 77, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 63
IS 3-6
BP 777
EP 780
AR PII S0969-806X(01)00567-9
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00567-9
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
   Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 535JT
UT WOS:000174642000129
ER

PT J
AU Romanyukha, AA
   Mitch, MG
   Lin, ZC
   Nagy, V
   Coursey, BM
AF Romanyukha, AA
   Mitch, MG
   Lin, ZC
   Nagy, V
   Coursey, BM
TI Mapping the distribution of Sr-90 in teeth with a photostimulable
   phosphor imaging detector
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TECHA RIVER; DOSE RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATION; ENAMEL
AB The present communication describes the technical aspects of the first application of an imaging plate for visualization of Sr-90 deposited in human teeth. The teeth were obtained from Techa River area residents who were exposed as a result of releases of radioactivity into the Techa River by the first Soviet nuclear plant Mayak in the early 1950s. The investigations form the basis for an experimental procedure for accurate mapping of the distribution of Sr-90 in teeth with an imaging plate. This new method can be used as an individual indicator of radionuclide intake. Its advantages are its high sensitivity (0.02 Bq/g mm(-2) of Sr-90), it ability to examine small detectable cross-sectionaI areas of dental tissue (dentin) contaminated with Sr-90 (from 0.01 mm(2)), the nondestructive method of analysis, and the simplicity of use. The combined application of this method with EPR tooth biodosimetry can provide more accurate dose reconstruction and may lead to more effective radiation risk assessment. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society.
C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Romanyukha, AA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 21
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI OAK BROOK
PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA
SN 0033-7587
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 157
IS 3
BP 341
EP 349
DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0341:MTDOSI]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 525RN
UT WOS:000174084900015
PM 11839097
ER

PT J
AU Williams, CR
AF Williams, CR
TI Simultaneous ambient air motion and raindrop size distributions
   retrieved from UHF vertical incident profiler observations
SO RADIO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE drop size distribution; DSD; profiler; precipitation
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DOPPLER RADAR; WIND PROFILER; REFLECTIVITY
   FACTOR; SPECTRA; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERS; TROPICS
AB [1] The raindrop size distribution is a fundamental quantity used to describe the characteristics of rain. Vertically pointing Doppler radar profilers are well suited to retrieve the raindrop size distributions because of their operating frequency and data collection methodology. Doppler radar profilers operating at UHF are sensitive to both Bragg scattering from the radio refractive index of turbulence and Rayleigh scattering from distributed targets. During light precipitation, both scattering processes are resolved in the Doppler velocity spectra. During moderate to heavy precipitation the ambient air motion is not resolved in the Doppler velocity spectra. The sans air motion (SAM) model is introduced in this study and uses only the Rayleigh scattering portion of the Doppler velocity spectrum to estimate the ambient vertical air motion, the spectral broadening, and the raindrop size distribution. The SAM model was applied to 915 MHz profiler observations in central Florida. There was good agreement between the SAM-model-retrieved rain rate and mass-weighted mean diameter at an altitude of 300 m with simultaneous surface disdrometer observations. The SAM model was applied to the profile of Doppler velocity spectra to yield estimates of rain rate, mass weighted mean diameter, and ambient vertical air motion from 300 m to just under the melting level at 4 km.
C1 NOAA, CIRES, Aeron Lab, Trop Dynam & Climate Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Aeron Lab, Trop Dynam & Climate Grp, Mail Stop R-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015
OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850
NR 30
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0048-6604
J9 RADIO SCI
JI Radio Sci.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2002
VL 37
IS 2
AR 1024
DI 10.1029/2000RS002603
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA 610EF
UT WOS:000178947200005
ER

PT J
AU Hirtz, J
   Stone, RB
   McAdams, DA
   Szykman, S
   Wood, KL
AF Hirtz, J
   Stone, RB
   McAdams, DA
   Szykman, S
   Wood, KL
TI A functional basis for engineering design: Reconciling and evolving
   previous efforts
SO RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING DESIGN-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND CONCURRENT
   ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE functional modeling; functional languages; design representation
AB In engineering design, all products and artifacts have some intended reason behind their existence: the product or artifact function. Functional modeling provides an abstract, yet direct, method for understanding and representing an overall product or artifact function. Functional modeling also strategically guides design activities such as problem decomposition, physical modeling, product architecting, concept generation, and team organization. A formal function representation is needed to support functional modeling, and a standardized set of function-related terminology leads to repeatable and meaningful results from such a representation. We refer to this representation as a functional basis; in this paper, we seek to reconcile and integrate two independent research efforts into a significantly evolved functional basis. These efforts include research from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and two US universities, and their industrial partners. The overall approach for integrating the functional representations and the final results are presented. This approach also provides a mechanism for evaluating whether future revisions are needed to the functional basis and, if so, how to proceed. The integration process is discussed relative to differences, similarities, insights into the representations, and product validation. Based on the results, a more versatile and comprehensive design vocabulary emerges. This vocabulary will greatly enhance and expand the frontiers of research in design repositories, product architecture, design synthesis, and general product modeling.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Basic Engn, Design Engn Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Texas, Mfg & Design Res Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Stone, RB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Basic Engn, Design Engn Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
NR 29
TC 510
Z9 527
U1 2
U2 32
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD
PI GODALMING
PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND
SN 0934-9839
J9 RES ENG DES
JI Res. Eng. Design-Theory Appl. Concurrent Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 13
IS 2
BP 65
EP 82
DI 10.1007/S00163-001-0008k-3
PG 18
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering,
   Manufacturing
SC Engineering
GA 610WC
UT WOS:000178983700002
ER

PT J
AU Arp, U
   Lucatorto, TB
   Harkay, K
   Kim, KJ
AF Arp, U
   Lucatorto, TB
   Harkay, K
   Kim, KJ
TI Studies of intensity noise at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation
   Facility III
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
AB Suppression of beam instabilities has become an important goal at synchrotron radiation light sources, where highly sensitive applications like metrology, Fourier transform spectroscopy, and microscopy are now in use. We describe measurements connecting beam size and position changes to the onset of the saw-tooth instability and an instability generated by attempts to enlarge the vertical beam size for lifetime improvements.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Arp, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; 
OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1417
EP 1419
DI 10.1063/1.1436538
PN 2
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800017
ER

PT J
AU Fischer, DA
   Sambasivan, S
   Kuperman, A
   Platonov, Y
   Wood, JL
AF Fischer, DA
   Sambasivan, S
   Kuperman, A
   Platonov, Y
   Wood, JL
TI Focusing multilayer mirror detection system for carbon K edge soft x-ray
   absorption spectroscopy (invited)
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
ID FLUORESCENCE
AB Fluorescence yield carbon K edge soft x-ray absorption measurements of mixed element samples are impeded by background scattered x-rays and fluorescence from noncarbon atoms within the sample induced by the incident x-ray beam (first and higher orders). We describe a high efficiency near-normal incidence focusing multilayer mirror detection system for carbon K edge fluorescence yield soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A spherical focusing multilayer mirror collects nearly 60% of the available solid angle with a reflectivity of 6% and a resolution of 2% (dE/E) for carbon K radiation in combination with a high efficiency proportional counter detector. The focusing multilayer system is able to effectively discriminate the background fluorescence and scattered light signals originating at the sample during a carbon K edge soft x-ray absorption experiment. A signal-to-background ratio in excess of 100 is possible for very dilute carbon samples, enabling a whole new class of in situ photon-in photon-out soft x-ray absorption measurements of carbon chemistry in catalysts to be made, even in a reactive chemical environment. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA.
   Osm Inc, Troy, MI 48084 USA.
RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1469
EP 1475
DI 10.1063/1.1447585
PN 2
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800033
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, PS
   Shear, D
   Stamilio, RJ
   Arp, U
   Yoon, HW
   Saunders, RD
   Parr, AC
   Lykke, KR
AF Shaw, PS
   Shear, D
   Stamilio, RJ
   Arp, U
   Yoon, HW
   Saunders, RD
   Parr, AC
   Lykke, KR
TI The new beamline 3 at SURF III for source-based radiometry
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
AB The Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides a unique opportunity for high-accuracy ultraviolet (UV) to infrared radiometry due to the 70-fold improvement in the uniformity of the magnetic field from the previous generation of SURF. This improvement enables the properties of the output radiation, such as spectral power, angular spread, and polarization, to be more accurately predicted based on the use of the Schwinger's equation. The radiation from SURF III is completely characterized by only three parameters, the magnetic field, the radius of the electron beam trajectory, and the electron beam current. For radiometry, the calculability of SURF III provides an important standard light source for source intercomparison. In contrast to the widely used blackbody source where the thermal radiation is completely characterized by the temperature and the emissivity of the blackbody walls, synchrotron radiation extends the wavelength range to UV and x ray which is impractical for blackbody sources. At SURF III, a new beamline, beamline 3, is constructed as a white light beamline for source-based radiometry. We describe the design of the new beamline 3 and its front-end high accuracy electron beam current monitor. This monitor not only measures one of the three fundamental parameters, the electron beam current, it also serves as an electron beam diagnostic tool. We also discuss ways to verify the calculability of SURF III using filter radiometers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; 
OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1576
EP 1579
DI 10.1063/1.1445819
PN 2
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800060
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, PS
   Larason, TC
   Gupta, R
   Lykke, KR
AF Shaw, PS
   Larason, TC
   Gupta, R
   Lykke, KR
TI Characterization of UV detectors at SURF III (invited)
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
ID ACCURACY CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; SILICON PHOTODIODES;
   NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; STANDARDS
AB The Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides a unique research opportunity in precision measurements with its continuous and calculable radiation stretching from the soft x ray to the far infrared. In response to the rapid development of ultraviolet photodetectors for applications ranging from industrial photolithography to astrophysics, we have developed measurement capabilities to characterize photodetectors with high accuracy. The absolute measurements at SURF III are based on a high-accuracy liquid-helium cooled cryogenic radiometer for measuring the power of the dispersed radiation from SURF III through a monochromator. Typical detector calibration uncertainties achieved at SURF III using cryogenic radiometer is better than 0.5% in the ultraviolet. Equipped with such a tool, we were able to study a variety of ultraviolet detectors and determine their spectral responsivities, surface reflectivities, and the effects of radiation damage. Due to the accuracy of these measurements, the internal quantum efficiencies of the photodetectors can be derived and theoretically modeled to provide information on the mechanism of photo detection. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1625
EP 1628
DI 10.1063/1.1445825
PN 2
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800073
ER

PT J
AU Ilavsky, J
   Allen, AJ
   Long, GG
   Jemian, PR
AF Ilavsky, J
   Allen, AJ
   Long, GG
   Jemian, PR
TI Effective pinhole-collimated ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering
   instrument for measuring anisotropic microstructures
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
AB Small-angle scattering is widely used for measuring materials microstructure in the 1-100 nm size range. Ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS), typically achieved through crystal collimation, extends this size range to include features over 1 mum in size. This article reports on USAXS on the UNICAT beam line 33-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. The instrument makes use of a six-reflection crystal pair as a collimator and another six-reflection crystal pair as an analyzer. First principle absolute calibration and a broad scattering vector range make this a very effective instrument, limited only by the fact that the measurement of anisotropic microstructures is excluded due to slit smearing from the crystal collimation. This limitation has recently been removed by adding a horizontally reflecting crystal before and another after the sample. This creates a USAXS instrument with collimation in two orthogonal directions. We call this configuration effective pinhole USAXS. Now, anisotropic materials are probed using 9-17 keV photons in the same physically-relevant (from 50 nm to over 1 mum) microstructural size range as that available for materials which scatter isotropically. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; 
NR 4
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1660
EP 1662
DI 10.1063/1.1425387
PN 2
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800082
ER

PT J
AU Arp, U
   Clark, CW
   Farrell, AP
   Fein, E
   Furst, ML
   Hagley, EW
AF Arp, U
   Clark, CW
   Farrell, AP
   Fein, E
   Furst, ML
   Hagley, EW
TI Synchrotron ultraviolet radiation facility SURF III
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference
CY AUG   22, 2001
CL MADISON, WISCONSIN
ID ELECTRON STORAGE-RING; RADIOMETRY BEAMLINE; NIST; NM
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has operated the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) continuously since the early 1960s. The original accelerator was converted into a storage ring, called SURF II, in 1974. Then in 1998, motivated mainly by limitations in the accuracy of radiometric calibrations and the wish to extend the spectrum of the emitted synchrotron radiation to shorter wavelengths, a second major upgrade was performed. This time the whole magnet system was replaced to improve the calculability and allow for higher magnetic fields. Since the recommissioning of SURF III we have been working to improve the stability of the stored electron beam through modifications of the radio-frequency system, leading to operations with unprecedented stability and new record injection currents topping 700 mA. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiat Facil, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Arp, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiat Facil, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; Hagley,
   Edward/B-4285-2012; 
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 3
BP 1674
EP 1676
DI 10.1063/1.1445833
PN 2
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 527JK
UT WOS:000174182800086
ER

PT J
AU Vajk, OP
   Mang, PK
   Greven, M
   Gehring, PM
   Lynn, JW
AF Vajk, OP
   Mang, PK
   Greven, M
   Gehring, PM
   Lynn, JW
TI Quantum impurities in the two-dimensional spin one-half Heisenberg
   antiferromagnet
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SQUARE-LATTICE; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; PHASE-TRANSITIONS;
   LOW-TEMPERATURES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA2CUO4; STATE; ORDER; HOLES
AB The study of randomness in low-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets is at the forefront of research in the field of strongly correlated electron systems, yet there have been relatively few experimental model systems. Complementary neutron scattering and numerical experiments demonstrate that the spin-diluted Heisenberg antiferromagnet La2Cu1-z(Zn,Mg)(z)O-4 is an excellent model material for square-lattice site percolation in the extreme quantum limit of spin one-half. Measurements of the ordered moment and spin correlations provide important quantitative information for tests of theories for this complex quantum-impurity problem.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
   Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Greven, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
EM greven@stanford.edu
OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
NR 30
TC 111
Z9 111
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAR 1
PY 2002
VL 295
IS 5560
BP 1691
EP 1695
DI 10.1126/science.1067110
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 527XH
UT WOS:000174212900040
PM 11872834
ER

PT J
AU Powell, CJ
   Jablonski, A
AF Powell, CJ
   Jablonski, A
TI Electron effective attenuation lengths for applications in
   Auger-electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE AES; XPS; electron effective attenuation length; Monte Carlo simulations
ID MEAN FREE PATHS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING CORRECTIONS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS;
   NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; CORRECTION FORMULA;
   QUANTITATIVE XPS; PEAK SHAPE; SURFACE; AES
AB The electron effective attenuation length (EAL) can be defined for the measurement of overlayer film thicknesses (the most common application) and for the measurement of the depth of a thin marker layer by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For each of these applications, a local EAL can be defined for a narrow range of thicknesses or depths and a practical EAL can be defined for specified larger ranges of thicknesses or depths. We show the results of illustrative calculations of these different EALs for XPS of Si 2p(3/2) photoelectrons with Mg Kalpha x-rays, and point out situations where numerical differences occur. We compare practical EALs (with the overlayer film definition) for Si 2s, Si 2p(3/2), An 4s and Aut 4f(7/2) photoelectrons that were obtained from Monte Carlo simulations and from an analytical expression derived from solution of the Boltzmann equation within the transport approximation. The average of the percentage deviations between the EALs from the two approaches for various overlayer thicknesses and emission angles was 5.28%. This average percentage deviation was considered to be acceptably small and justifies the use of the more approximate analytical expression in calculations of practical EALs for the measurement of overlayer thicknesses by AES and XPS. This computational approach is much faster than Monte Carlo simulations. We report calculations of practical EALs for the principal photoelectron and Auger electron lines of Si, Cu, Ag and W. For overlayer thicknesses of practical relevance, the practical EALs do not change appreciably with film thickness for electron emission angles (with respect to the surface normal) of <60degrees. Under these conditions, average practical EALs can be used to determine overlayer film thicknesses. For emission angles of >60degrees, the practical EALs generally change rapidly with film thickness and emission angle and, for these conditions, an EAL should be determined for the particular conditions. We have compared our practical EALs for photoelectron and Auger electron lines of Si, Cut, Ag and W with similar EALs derived from Monte Carlo simulations by Cumpson and Seah. At an emission angle of 45degrees, we find a root-mean-square deviation of 1.6% between the EALs from the two approaches. Published in 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 57
TC 75
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 22
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0142-2421
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 33
IS 3
BP 211
EP 229
DI 10.1002/sia.1204
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 532WB
UT WOS:000174497100007
ER

PT J
AU Pitman, RL
   Ballance, LT
AF Pitman, RL
   Ballance, LT
TI The changing status of marine birds breeding at San Benedicto Island,
   Mexico
SO WILSON BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; REVILLAGIGEDO; OCEAN; SEABIRDS; CLIMATE
AB We reviewed the status of the breeding marine birds on San Benedicto Island, Mexico, based on >100 years of published observations and seven of our own surveys conducted between 1978 and 2000. We found that there have been marked changes in the island avifauna with two main trends evident. First, a volcanic eruption destroyed much of the island in 1952. The Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus; estimated breeding population 1,000 pairs), Townsend's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis; probable breeder, small numbers), and Red-footed Booby (Sula sula; 60 pairs) historically had much larger populations, but they apparently never fully recovered from the eruption. The Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra; 2,185 pairs), however, has become much more abundant perhaps due to changes in the vegetation. The second trend is that within the last three decades at least two, and possibly four, species from the central Pacific have colonized the island. The Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis; 12 pairs) started breeding in the late 1980s; Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes; 1 pair) in 2000. Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda; probable breeder, 10 pairs) may have started breeding in the 1980s, and at least some of the breeding Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster; 300 pairs) are from central Pacific populations. The reason(s) for this influx of central Pacific species is unknown, but likely involves changes in the marine environment. Other breeding species include the Red-billed Tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus; 200 pairs), Nazca Booby (Sula granti; 50 pairs), Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor; 165 pairs), and Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens; 5 pairs).
C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 31
TC 10
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ANN ARBOR
PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA
SN 0043-5643
J9 WILSON BULL
JI Wilson Bull.
PD MAR
PY 2002
VL 114
IS 1
BP 11
EP 19
DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0011:TCSOMB]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 603VE
UT WOS:000178580800002
ER

PT J
AU Rehm, RG
   McGrattan, KB
   Baum, HR
AF Rehm, RG
   McGrattan, KB
   Baum, HR
TI Large eddy simulation of flow over a wooded building complex
SO WIND AND STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE)
CY SEP 04-07, 2000
CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, SCH CIVIL ENGN, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM, SCH CIVIL ENGN
DE computational fluid dynamics; computational wind engineering; large eddy
   simulations; tree(single) drag model
AB An efficient large eddy simulation algorithm is used to compute surface pressure distributions on an eleven story (target) building on the NIST campus. Local meteorology, neighboring buildings, topography and large vegetation (trees) all play an important part in determining the flows and therefore the pressures experienced by the target. The wind profile imposed at the upstream surface of the computational domain follows a power law with an exponent representing a suburban terrain. This profile accounts for the flow retardation due to friction from the surface of the earth, but does not include fluctuations that would naturally occur in this flow. The effect of neighboring buildings on the time dependent surface pressures experienced by the target is examined. Comparison of the pressure fluctuations on the single target building alone with those on the target building in situ show that, owing to vortices shed by the upstream buildings, fluctuations are larger when such buildings are present. Even when buildings are lateral to or behind the target, the pressure disturbances generate significantly different flows around this building. A simple grid-free mathematical model of a tree is presented in which the trunk and the branches are each represented by a collection of spherical particles strung together like beads on a string. The drag from the tree, determined as the sum of the drags of the component particles, produces an oscillatory, spreading wake of slower fluid, suggesting that the behavior of trees as wind breakers can be modeled usefully.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU TECHNO-PRESS
PI TAEJON
PA PO BOX 33, YUSONG, TAEJON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1226-6116
J9 WIND STRUCT
JI Wind Struct.
PD MAR-JUL
PY 2002
VL 5
IS 2-4
BP 291
EP 300
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 525CH
UT WOS:000174049300018
ER

PT J
AU Davies, B
   Bromage, N
AF Davies, B
   Bromage, N
TI The effects of fluctuating seasonal and constant water temperatures on
   the photoperiodic advancement of reproduction in female rainbow trout
   Oncorhynchus mykiss
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE seasonal water temperature; constant water temperature; Oncorhynchus
   mykiss
ID OVER-RIPENING PHENOMENON; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; GAIRDNERI
   R; CYCLE; OVULATION; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; RESPONSIVENESS; ENTRAINMENT;
   SURVIVAL
AB A series of experiments were performed in order to determine the effects of varying water temperature on the maturation of female rainbow trout subjected to photoperiodic manipulation. Long-short photoperiod regimes, i.e. long days of LD18:6 followed by an abrupt change to short days of LD6:18, were used to advance or delay maturation to summer months, producing commercially desirable out-of-season eggs. At the same time, these fish were exposed to two different seasonal water temperatures supplied by river (range 0-20.5degreesC) or borehole (range 7.0-10.5degreesC) sources.
   The photoperiod regime was seen to have the primary effect on altering the timing of maturation and appeared similar, irrespective of the prevailing water temperature. However, water temperature had a modulating effect on time of maturation and ovulation; fish showing an ability to delay the timing of final maturation and ovulation, when temperatures were at extremes, high or low. Extreme temperatures, also, had a major effect on the later stages of ovary development and subsequent egg quality. When the major time of spawning was advanced to July-August, when river water temperatures regularly approach 20degreesC, a dysfunction in ovarian development occurred, and no viable eggs were obtainable in these conditions. When the maximum water temperature was reduced to 16degreesC, fish stripped in a normal fashion, but egg quality was significantly reduced. Possible alterations in fanning practice in order to improve egg survival in such situations are discussed, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
RP Davies, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 51
TC 56
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD FEB 28
PY 2002
VL 205
IS 1-2
BP 183
EP 200
AR PII S0044-8486(01)00665-2
DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00665-2
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 522VE
UT WOS:000173917000015
ER

PT J
AU Cook, MA
   Rust, MB
AF Cook, MA
   Rust, MB
TI The effect of light intensity on development and hatching success of
   lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus (Girard), eggs
SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE lingcod; light intensity; egg development; embryo
ID LARVAE
AB The influence of incubation light intensity on development and hatching success of the lingcod (Ophiodon elongates Girard) was studied by determining time to hatch, per cent hatch (total and viable) and per cent of deformities for embryos incubated at three different light intensities: similar to0, 1, and 563 lux. Photoperiod for the last two treatments was 16 h dark: 8 h light. Chemical parameters throughout incubation remained within acceptable ranges. Hatching in all treatments began 43 days post fertilization (353 degreesC days) and was complete on day 46 (377 degreesC days), with peak hatch for all treatments on day 44 (361 degreesC days). Per cent viable hatch for eggs incubated in the 1 lux treatment (88.6 +/- 2.1%; mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater than eggs incubated in the similar to0 lux (59.6 +/- 11.3%) and 563 lux (61.4 +/- 9.2%) treatments. A significantly greater per cent of deformed embryos with curled bodies occurred at 563 lux (9.5 +/- 2.6%) compared with the 1-lux treatment (2.5 +/- 0.6%). No significant differences for the other categories of deformities (ball, short, distended gut) were detected among treatments. Total deformities (all categories combined) for similar to0 lux (16.0 +/- 4.2%) and 563 lux (17.2 +/- 3.3%) were significantly greater than total deformities for 1 lux (5.0 +/- 1.4%).
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Rust, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1355-557X
J9 AQUAC RES
JI Aquac. Res.
PD FEB 28
PY 2002
VL 33
IS 3
BP 217
EP 222
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00665.x
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 546LB
UT WOS:000175274600007
ER

PT J
AU Segev, B
   Band, YB
AF Segev, B
   Band, YB
TI Electron magnetic resonance: the modified Bloch equation
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We find a modified Bloch equation for the electronic magnetic moment when the magnetic moment explicitly contains a diamagnetic contribution (a magnetic-field-induced magnetic moment arising from the electronic orbital angular momentum) in addition to the intrinsic magnetic moment of the electron. The modified Bloch equation is coupled to equations of motion for the position and momentum operators. In the presence of static and time varying magnetic field components, the magnetic moment oscillates out of phase with the magnetic field and power is absorbed by virtue of the magnetic-field-induced magnetic moment, even in the absence of coupling to the environment. We explicitly work out the spectrum and absorption for the case of a p state electron.
C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Segev, B (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD FEB 28
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 4
BP 1085
EP 1094
AR PII S0953-4075(02)30944-1
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/4/330
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 529ZX
UT WOS:000174332100032
ER

PT J
AU Fried, A
   Lee, YN
   Frost, G
   Wert, B
   Henry, B
   Drummond, JR
   Hubler, G
   Jobson, T
AF Fried, A
   Lee, YN
   Frost, G
   Wert, B
   Henry, B
   Drummond, JR
   Hubler, G
   Jobson, T
TI Airborne CH2O measurements over the North Atlantic during the 1997 NARE
   campaign: Instrument comparisons and distributions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE formaldehyde; airborne measurements; tunable diode laser measurements;
   formaldehyde measurement comparisons; North Atlantic Regional
   Experiment; measurements; airborne measurements of formaldehyde
ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY
   EXPERIMENT; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE;
   SOUTH-ATLANTIC; AIR; HYDROPEROXIDES; ATMOSPHERE; ABSORPTION
AB [1] Airborne CH2O measurements were acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and coil/2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (CDNPH) techniques over remote regions of the North Atlantic Ocean from the surface to 8 km during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE-97) in September of 1997. There were eight aircraft flights when both instruments were simultaneously operating, producing 665 overlapping time intervals for comparisons. A number of approaches were used in the comparisons, and indicated that on average both instruments measured identical ambient CH2O concentrations to within 0.1 ppbv, and more typically within 0.08 ppbv, over the 0 to 0.8 ppbv-concentration range. However, significant differences, larger than the combined 2sigma total uncertainty estimates, were observed in 29% of the full time-coincident data set. The two instruments produced very similar altitude trends. Under clean background conditions in the 35degrees to 55degreesN latitude band, the median TDLAS and CDNPH CH2O concentrations were 0.399 and 0.410 ppbv for 0-2 km, 0.250 and 0.355 ppbv for 2-4 km, and 0.217 and 0.280 ppbv for 4-8 km, respectively. Elevated CH2O concentrations were observed in this study at both high altitudes (4-8 km) and in the marine boundary layer by both instruments. Thus vertical transport of CH2O and/or its precursors may provide a greater contribution to upper tropospheric HOx than previously thought. The results of this study, which are based upon instruments employing entirely different measurement principles, calibration, and sampling approaches, not only reinforce this conclusion but also provide a high-quality database necessary to further explore CH2O measurement-model relationships in the clean background atmosphere.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM fried@acd.ucar.edu
RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Drummond,
   James/O-7467-2014
NR 46
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 27
PY 2002
VL 107
IS D4
AR 4039
DI 10.1029/2000JD000260
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 609ET
UT WOS:000178891200003
ER

PT J
AU Mathieu, R
   Pollard, D
   Cole, JE
   White, JWC
   Webb, RS
   Thompson, SL
AF Mathieu, R
   Pollard, D
   Cole, JE
   White, JWC
   Webb, RS
   Thompson, SL
TI Simulation of stable water isotope variations by the GENESIS GCM for
   modern conditions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric precipitation; climate; general circulation models
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; TRANSFER SCHEME LSX;
   LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; CO2 SENSITIVITY; PRECIPITATION;
   TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; DEUTERIUM
AB [1] Incorporating stable isotope physics in a general circulation model (GCM) provides a promising means to study isotopic variability in precipitation, including the processes that cause isotopic variability in paleoclimatic archives such as ice cores. This paper describes the implementation and validation of stable isotope tracers in the GENESIS 2.0 GCM. The model reproduces the main features of present-day isotopic fields and the characteristic large-scale isotope-climate relationships. Global delta(18)O-deltaD, temperature-delta(18)O, and precipitation-delta(18)O relationships are well simulated, and the modeled regional patterns associated with continental vapor recycling over Europe and vertical gradients agree well with observations. In GENESIS a more sophisticated parameterization of interactions between precipitation and atmospheric vapor contributes to a better simulation of isotopic variations in dry climates. The standard model underestimates the global mean deuterium excess (deltaD-8delta(18)O) in precipitation, although a heuristic sensitivity test suggests this may be remedied by accounting for nonneutral stratification in isotopic evaporative fractionation over ocean. Errors in simulated isotopic fields are analyzed to determine whether they are caused by local climatic biases in the GCM or by inaccurate parameterizations of isotope physics. Using the results of sensitivity experiments and comparisons with other isotopic GCM results, we identify key isotopic and climatic processes at the origin of the main errors and suggest additional studies to improve isotope simulations.
C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   NCAR Climate & Global Dynam, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Mathieu, R (reprint author), GEO RS, 34 Chemin Echut, F-31770 Colomiers, France.
EM pollard@essc.psu.edu
RI White, James/A-7845-2009
OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684
NR 68
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 27
PY 2002
VL 107
IS D4
AR 4037
DI 10.1029/2001JD900255
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 609ET
UT WOS:000178891200005
ER

PT J
AU Remsing, LL
   Garcia-Bernardo, J
   Gonzalez, A
   Kunzel, E
   Rix, U
   Brana, AF
   Bearden, DW
   Mendez, C
   Salas, JA
   Rohr, J
AF Remsing, LL
   Garcia-Bernardo, J
   Gonzalez, A
   Kunzel, E
   Rix, U
   Brana, AF
   Bearden, DW
   Mendez, C
   Salas, JA
   Rohr, J
TI Ketopremithramycins and ketomithramycins, four new aureolic acid-type
   compounds obtained upon inactivation of two genes involved in the
   biosynthesis of the deoxysugar moieties of the antitumor drug
   mithramycin by Streptomyces argillaceus, reveal novel insights into
   post-PKS tailoring steps of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID OLIVOMYCIN-A; POLYKETIDE MITHRAMYCIN; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA-ERYTHRAEA;
   GLYCOSYLATION STEPS; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; BINDING; DNA; NMR;
   SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIBIOTICS
AB Mithramycin is an aureolic acid-type antimicrobial and antitumor agent produced by Streptomyces argillaceus. Modifying post-polyketide synthase (PKS) tailoring enzymes involved in the production of mithramycin is an effective way of gaining further information regarding the late steps of its biosynthetic pathway. In addition, new "unnatural" natural products of the aureolic acid-type class are likely to be produced. The role of two such post-PKS tailoring enzymes, encoded by mtmC and mtmTIII, was investigated, and four novel aureolic acid class drugs, two premithramycin-type molecules and two mithramycin derivatives, were isolated from mutant strains constructed by insertional gene inactivation of either of these two genes. From data bank comparisons, the corresponding proteins MtmC and MtmTIII were believed to act as a C-methyltransferase involved in the production of the D-mycarose (sugar E) of mithramycin and as a ketoreductase seemingly involved in the biosynthesis of the mithramycin aglycon, respectively. However, gene inactivation and analysis of the accumulated products revealed that both genes encode enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of the D-Mycarose building block. Furthermore, the inactivation of MtmC seems to affect the ketoreductase responsible for 4-ketoreduction of sugar C, a D-Olivose. Instead of obtaining premithramycin and mithramycin derivatives with a modified E-sugar upon inactivation of mtmC, compounds were obtained that completely lack the E-sugar moiety and that possess an unexpected 4-ketosugar moiety instead of the D-Olivose at the beginning of the lower deoxysaccharide chain. The inactivation of mtmTIII led to the accumulation of 4E-ketomithramycin, showing that this ketoreductase is responsible for the 4-ketoreduction of the D-mycarose moiety. The new compounds of the mutant strains, 4A-ketopremithramycin A2, 4A-keto-9-demethylpremithramycin A2, 4C-keto-demycarosylmithramycin, and 4E-ketomithramycin, indicate surprising substrate flexibility of post-PKS enzymes of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway. Although the glycosyltransferase responsible for the attachment Of D-mycarose cannot transfer the unmethylated sugar to the existing lower disaccharide chain, it can transfer the 4-ketoform of sugar E. In addition, the glycosyltransferase MtmGIV, which is responsible for the linkage of sugar C, is also able to transfer an activated 4-ketosugar. The oxygenase MtmOIV, normally responsible for the oxidative cleavage of the tetracyclic premithramycin B into the tricyclic immediate precursor of mithramycin, can act on a substrate analogue with a modified or even incomplete trisaccharide chain. The same is true for glycosyltransferases MtmGI and MtmGII, both of which partake in the formation and attachment of the A-B disaccharide in mithramycin.
C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   Univ Oviedo, Dept Biol Func, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
   Univ Oviedo, Inst Univ Oncol Principado Asturias, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
   NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Salas, JA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 280 Calhoun St,POB 250140, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
RI Rohr, Jurgen/G-5375-2014; Brana, Alfredo/M-1836-2014
OI Rohr, Jurgen/0000-0001-6447-5951; Brana, Alfredo/0000-0002-3277-9085
FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA091901, R01CA91901]
NR 60
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD FEB 27
PY 2002
VL 124
IS 8
BP 1606
EP 1614
DI 10.1021/ja0105156
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 523XH
UT WOS:000173982500021
PM 11853433
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, CE
   Boettinger, WJ
   Kattner, UR
AF Campbell, CE
   Boettinger, WJ
   Kattner, UR
TI Development of a diffusion mobility database for Ni-base superalloys
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE nickel alloys; bulk diffusion; diffusion modeling; thermodynamics
ID SQUARE ROOT DIFFUSIVITY; CR-AL-ALLOYS; FE-NI; CONCENTRATION PROFILES;
   MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; GAMMA' PRECIPITATION;
   SUB-LATTICES; INTERDIFFUSION; PHASE
AB For the fcc phase of the Ni-Al-Co-Cr-Hf-Mo-Re-Ta-Ti-W system, diffusion data in various constituent binary systems were assessed to establish a multicomponent diffusion mobility database. The diffusion assessment relied on an existing thermodynamic database for the calculation of needed thermodynamic factors. The mobilities determined for the self-diffusion of the components in the fcc phase (a metastable state for some components) were consistent with the correlation of the diffusivity with the melting point. The general agreement of calculated and measured diffusion coefficients in the Ni-Co-Cr-Mo and Ni-Al-Cr-Mo quaternary systems demonstrated the ability of the database to extrapolate to higher order systems. Finally, the mobility database, in conjunction with an available thermodynamic database and a finite-difference diffusion code. was used to simulate a multicomponent diffusion couple between two commercial Ni-base superalloys. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NIST, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), NIST, Met Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 75
TC 205
Z9 212
U1 5
U2 94
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD FEB 25
PY 2002
VL 50
IS 4
BP 775
EP 792
AR PII S1359-6454(01)00383-4
DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00383-4
PG 18
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 523GX
UT WOS:000173946600010
ER

PT J
AU Spal, RD
   Riley, GN
   Christopherson, CJ
AF Spal, RD
   Riley, GN
   Christopherson, CJ
TI Supercurrent dissipation and strain-induced damage in (Bi,
   Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2CU3O10/Ag tape
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS;
   MULTIFILAMENTARY TAPES; TRANSPORT CURRENT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; VORTEX
   STATE; SILVER; TRANSITIONS; PHASE; MODEL
AB Supercurrent dissipation and strain-induced damage in (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag high-temperature superconductor composite tape, at 77 K in self-field, are studied by I-V curve analysis. Five dissipation models are considered, and differently processed tapes are compared. After making self-field corrections, which are normally ignored but we find essential to do, collective flux creep stands out as the only dissipation mechanism which explains the data. Confidence in the analysis comes not only from the goodness of fit, but also from experimental confirmation of two fitted parameters. The identification of the main dissipation mechanism has great practical value, because it enables definitive tape characterization, based on intrinsic physical properties. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA.
RP Spal, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 25
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 8
BP 1412
EP 1414
DI 10.1063/1.1447011
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 524JP
UT WOS:000174009800032
ER

PT J
AU Arsenov, AA
   Bebenin, NG
   Gaviko, VS
   Mashkautsan, VV
   Mukovskii, YM
   Shulyatev, DA
   Ustinov, VV
   Zainullina, RI
   Adams, CP
   Lynn, JW
AF Arsenov, AA
   Bebenin, NG
   Gaviko, VS
   Mashkautsan, VV
   Mukovskii, YM
   Shulyatev, DA
   Ustinov, VV
   Zainullina, RI
   Adams, CP
   Lynn, JW
TI Absence of polaron conductivity in La0.8Ba0.2MnO3
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st Seeheim Conference on Magnetism (SCM2001)
CY SEP 09-13, 2001
CL SEEHEIM, GERMANY
ID TRANSITION; MANGANITES; TRANSPORT
AB Hall effect and inelastic neutron scattering measurements have been carried out to study the properties of a La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 single crystal grown by the floating zone method. The Hall effect measurements give evidence for a mobility edge that dominates conduction, which implies that the localized e, electrons play an insignificant role. This result is in agreement with the neutron data which shows no central peak in the magnetic fluctuation spectrum below the Curie temperature, a feature associated with polaron formation in La1-xCaxMnO3 and La1-xSrxMnO3 manganites. In the vicinity of the Curie temperature, the change in the resistivity and in the normal and anomalous Hall coefficients of La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 is due to the change in the concentration of holes activated by the mobility edge.
C1 Moscow State Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow 117936, Russia.
   Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Mukovskii, YM (reprint author), Moscow State Steel & Alloys Inst, Leninskii Prosp 4, Moscow 117936, Russia.
RI Zainullina, Rimma/J-4287-2013; Gaviko, Vasilii/K-4632-2013; Shulyatev,
   Dmitry/M-7278-2014; Ustinov, Vladimir/G-7501-2011; Bebenin,
   Nikolay/K-6955-2013
OI Zainullina, Rimma/0000-0002-0353-4775; Gaviko,
   Vasilii/0000-0002-9841-9293; Shulyatev, Dmitry/0000-0002-7642-0277;
   Ustinov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5155-7947; Bebenin,
   Nikolay/0000-0003-2035-6103
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0031-8965
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A
JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res.
PD FEB 23
PY 2002
VL 189
IS 3
BP 673
EP 676
DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200202)189:3<673::AID-PSSA673>3.0.CO;2-3
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics,
   Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 529CY
UT WOS:000174283500012
ER

PT J
AU Lauenstein, GG
   Cantillo, AY
   O'Connor, TP
AF Lauenstein, GG
   Cantillo, AY
   O'Connor, TP
TI The status and trends of trace element and organic contaminants in
   oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in the waters of the Carolinas, USA
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE oysters; Crassostrea virginica; metals; As; DDTs; PCBs; PAHs
ID MUSSEL WATCH
AB Concentrations of eight trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn), lindane and six groups of organic contaminants (total-chlordane, total-PCB, total-DDT, Dieldrin and Aldrin, total-butyltins, total-PAHs) at the 11 NOAA mussel watch project (MWP) sites located in North and South Carolina have been compared with the national US MWP data. Three sites from North and South Carolina had concentrations of PAHs in the upper 15th percentile on a national scale. One site had high concentrations of butyltins, and two sites had high Se concentrations. All sites from Beaufort, North Carolina, south had high As concentrations. Decreasing temporal trends were found for As, Cd, total-chlordane, DDT, PCB, and PAHs at some sites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Lauenstein, GG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 12
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD FEB 21
PY 2002
VL 285
IS 1-3
BP 79
EP 87
AR PII S0048-9697(01)00897-X
DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00897-X
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 523UA
UT WOS:000173972900007
PM 11874050
ER

PT J
AU Ignatov, A
AF Ignatov, A
TI Sensitivity and information content of aerosol retrievals from the
   Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: radiometric factors
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; AVHRR SHORTWAVE CHANNELS; NOAA AVHRR; OPTICAL
   DEPTH; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; IN-FLIGHT; IR
   BANDS; SPACECRAFT; SATELLITE
AB The sensitivity of aerosol optical depths tau(1) and tau(2) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 and 2, centered at lambda(1) = 0.63 and lambda(2) = 0.83 mum, respectively, and of an effective Angstrom exponent et, derived therefrom as alpha = -In(tau(1)/tau(2))/In(X,/(2lambda)), to calibration uncertainties, radiometric noise, and digitization is estimated. Analyses are made both empirically (by introduction of perturbations into the measured radiances and estimation of the respective partial derivatives) and theoretically (by use of a decoupled form of the single-scattering approximation of the radiative transfer equation). The two results are in close agreement. The errors, Deltatau(i) and Deltaalpha(i) are parameterized empirically as functions Of tau(i), radiometric errors, and Sun and view geometry. In particular, the a errors change in approximately inverse proportion to T and are comparable with, or even exceed, typical alpha signals over oceans when T < 0.25. Their detrimental effect on the information content of the AVHRR-derived size parameter gradually weakens as T increases. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Div Climate Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Div Climate Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
EM alex.ignatov@noaa.gov
RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
NR 45
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD FEB 20
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 6
BP 991
EP 1011
DI 10.1364/AO.41.000991
PG 21
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 523CN
UT WOS:000173934400005
PM 11900149
ER

PT J
AU Tumlinson, J
   Shull, JM
   Rachford, BL
   Browning, MK
   Snow, TP
   Fullerton, AW
   Jenkins, EB
   Savage, BD
   Crowther, PA
   Moos, HW
   Sembach, KR
   Sonneborn, G
   York, DG
AF Tumlinson, J
   Shull, JM
   Rachford, BL
   Browning, MK
   Snow, TP
   Fullerton, AW
   Jenkins, EB
   Savage, BD
   Crowther, PA
   Moos, HW
   Sembach, KR
   Sonneborn, G
   York, DG
TI A Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer survey of interstellar
   molecular hydrogen in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; Magellanic Clouds; ultraviolet : ISM
ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; SEST KEY PROGRAM; LINE-OF-SIGHT; SPECTRAL
   CLASSIFICATION; OB STARS; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; INFRARED-EMISSION;
   INTRINSIC COLORS; MASSIVE STARS; BAND SYSTEM
AB We describe a moderate-resolution Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) survey of H(2) along 70 sight lines to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, using hot stars as background sources. FUSE spectra of 67% of observed Magellanic Cloud sources (52% of LMC and 92% of SMC) exhibit absorption lines from the H(2) Lyman and Werner bands between 912 and 1120 Angstrom. Our survey is sensitive to N(H(2)) greater than or equal to 10(14) cm(-2); the highest column densities are log N(H(2)) = 19.9 in the LMC and 20.6 in the SMC. We find reduced H(2) abundances in the Magellanic Clouds relative to the Milky Way, with average molecular fractions [f(H2)] = 0.010(-0.002)(+0.005) for the SMC and [f(H2)] = 0.012(-0.003)(+0.006) for the LMC, compared with [f(H2)] = 0.095 for the Galactic disk over a similar range of reddening. The dominant uncertainty in this measurement results from the systematic di+erences between 21 cm radio emission and Lyalpha in pencil beam sight lines as measures of N(H I). These results imply that the diffuse H(2) masses of the LMC and SMC are 8 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(6) M., respectively, 2% and 0.5% of the H I masses derived from 21 cm emission measurements. The LMC and SMC abundance patterns can be reproduced in ensembles of model clouds with a reduced H(2) formation rate coefficient, Rsimilar to3 x 10(-18) cm(3) s(-1), and incident radiation fields ranging from 10-100 times the Galactic mean value. We find that these high-radiation, low formation rate models can also explain the enhanced N(4)/N(2) and N(5)/N(3) rotational excitation ratios in the Clouds. We use H(2) column densities in low rotational states (J = 0 and 1) to derive kinetic and/or rotational temperatures of diffuse interstellar gas, and we find that the distribution of rotational temperatures is similar to Galactic gas, with [T(01)] = 82 +/- 21 K for clouds with N(H(2)) greater than or equal to 10(16.5) cm(-2). There is only a weak correlation between detected H(2) and far-infrared fluxes as determined by IRAS, perhaps as a result of differences in the survey techniques. We find that the surface density of H(2) probed by our pencil beam sight lines is far lower than that predicted from the surface brightness of dust in IRAS maps. We discuss the implications of this work for theories of star formation in low-metallicity environments.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Tumlinson, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Jenkins, Edward/P-5684-2014; 
OI Jenkins, Edward/0000-0003-1892-4423; Browning,
   Matthew/0000-0002-8634-1003; Crowther, Paul/0000-0001-6000-6920
NR 72
TC 153
Z9 153
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD FEB 20
PY 2002
VL 566
IS 2
BP 857
EP 879
DI 10.1086/338112
PN 1
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 520WE
UT WOS:000173804900024
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, JF
   Jensen, PY
   Pachikara, AS
   Howard, AJ
   Eisenstein, E
   Ladner, JE
AF Parsons, JF
   Jensen, PY
   Pachikara, AS
   Howard, AJ
   Eisenstein, E
   Ladner, JE
TI Structure of Escherichia coli aminodeoxychorismate synthase:
   Architectural conservation and diversity in chorismate-utilizing enzymes
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARA-AMINOBENZOATE SYNTHESIS; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE;
   SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY;
   NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; KLEBSIELLA-AEROGENES; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; PABA;
   PURIFICATION
AB Aminodeoxychorismate synthase is part of a heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the two-step biosynthesis of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate, a precursor of p-aminobenzoate and folate in microorganisms. In the first step, a glutamine amidotransferase encoded by the pabA gene generates ammonia as a substrate that, along with chorismate, is used in the second step, catalyzed by aminodeoxychorismate synthase, the product of the pabB gene. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of Escherichia coli PabB determined in two different crystal forms, each at 2.0 Angstrom resolution. The 453-residue monomeric PabB has a complex alpha/beta fold which is similar to that seen in the structures of homologous, oligomeric TrpE subunits of several anthranilate synthases of microbial origin. A comparison of the structures of these two classes of chorismate-utilizing enzymes provides a rationale for the differences in quaternary structures seen for these enzymes, and indicates that the weak or transient association of PabB with PabA during catalysis stems at least partly from a limited interface for protein interactions. Additional analyses of the structures enabled the tentative identification of the active site of PabB, which contains a number of residues implicated from previous biochemical and genetic studies to be essential for activity. Differences in the structures determined from phosphate- and formate-grown crystals, and the location of an adventitious formate ion, suggest that conformational changes in loop regions adjacent to the active site may be needed for catalysis. A surprising finding in the structure of PabB was the presence of a tryptophan molecule deeply embedded in a binding pocket that is analogous to the regulatory site in the TrpE subunits of the anthranilate synthases. The strongly bound ligand, which cannot be dissociated without denaturation of PabB, may play a structural role in the enzyme since there is no effect of tryptophan on the enzymic synthesis of aminodeoxychorismate. Extensive sequence similarity in the tryptophan-binding pocket among several other chorismate-utilizing enzymes, including isochorismate synthase, suggests that they too may bind tryptophan for structural integrity, and corroborates early ideas on the evolution of this interesting enzyme family.
C1 Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
   IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
RP Eisenstein, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014
NR 47
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD FEB 19
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 7
BP 2198
EP 2208
DI 10.1021/bi015791b
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 524BA
UT WOS:000173991000013
PM 11841211
ER

PT J
AU Carnes, CL
   Stipp, J
   Klabunde, KJ
AF Carnes, CL
   Stipp, J
   Klabunde, KJ
TI Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption studies of nanocrystalline
   copper oxide and nickel oxide
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIQUE SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; METAL-OXIDE; NANOSCALE METAL; CHEMICAL
   REAGENTS; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; PARTICLES
AB Nanocrystals of CuO and NiO have been produced by an alkoxide-based synthesis involving the corresponding metal chlorides, ethanol, and water. The resulting oxides are in the form of powders, with the CuO having crystallites in the size range of 7-9 nm and the NiO having crystallites in the size range of 3-5 nm. These crystallites aggregate together to form larger spherical particles, which have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller methods and were found to contain many pores and tunnels. It is because of this that an uncharacteristically high surface area is found, averaging about 135 m(2)/g for CuO and 375 m(2)/g for NiO. As seen with other metal oxides, once they are made as nanoparticles their reactivity is greatly enhanced. This is thought to be due to morphological differences, whereas larger crystallites have only a small percentage of reactive sites on the surface, smaller crystallites will possess much higher surface concentration of such sites. Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to characterize this nanoparticles, and reactions with CCl4, SO2, and paraoxon have demonstrated significantly enhanced reactivity and/or capacity compared with common commercial forms of the oxide powders.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Klabunde, KJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
NR 31
TC 119
Z9 122
U1 4
U2 67
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD FEB 19
PY 2002
VL 18
IS 4
BP 1352
EP 1359
DI 10.1021/la010701p
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 524JK
UT WOS:000174009300059
ER

PT J
AU Turcotte, DL
   Rundle, JB
AF Turcotte, DL
   Rundle, JB
TI Self-organized complexity in the physical, biological, and social
   sciences
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; CRITICALITY
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Turcotte, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 40
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 10
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD FEB 19
PY 2002
VL 99
SU 1
BP 2463
EP 2465
DI 10.1073/pnas.012579399
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 525RZ
UT WOS:000174085900001
PM 11875195
ER

PT J
AU Cho, YJ
   Nguyen, NV
   Richter, CA
   Ehrstein, JR
   Lee, BH
   Lee, JC
AF Cho, YJ
   Nguyen, NV
   Richter, CA
   Ehrstein, JR
   Lee, BH
   Lee, JC
TI Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of high-k dielectric HfO2
   thin films and the high-temperature annealing effects on their optical
   properties
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB The optical properties of a set of high-k dielectric HfO2 films annealed at various high temperatures were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results show that the characteristics of the dielectric functions of these films are strongly affected by high temperature annealing. For a sample annealed at 600 degreesC, the film becomes polycrystalline, and its dielectric function displays a distinctive peak at 5.9 eV. On the other hand, the film remains amorphous without the 5.9 eV feature after 500 degreesC annealing. To model the dielectric functions, the Tauc-Lorentz dispersion was successfully adopted for these amorphous and polycrystalline films. The absorption edge was observed to shift to a higher energy at a high temperature annealing. Defects in the films were shown to relate to the appearance of a band tail above the absorption edge, and they appear to diminish with high temperature annealing. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
RP Cho, YJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea.
NR 11
TC 111
Z9 114
U1 3
U2 19
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 7
BP 1249
EP 1251
DI 10.1063/1.1448384
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 522LA
UT WOS:000173896400047
ER

PT J
AU Suehle, JS
   Vogel, EM
   Roitman, P
   Conley, JF
   Johnston, AH
   Wang, B
   Bernstein, JB
   Weintraub, CE
AF Suehle, JS
   Vogel, EM
   Roitman, P
   Conley, JF
   Johnston, AH
   Wang, B
   Bernstein, JB
   Weintraub, CE
TI Observation of latent reliability degradation in ultrathin oxides after
   heavy-ion irradiation
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN GATE OXIDES; INDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT; BREAKDOWN; RUPTURE
AB Constant voltage time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown distributions were obtained for both unirradiated and irradiated 3.0 and 3.2 nm thick SiO2 films subjected to Co-60 gamma irradiation and heavy ions of 823 MeV Xe-129 (linear energy transfer=59 MeV-cm(2)/mg). The gamma irradiation had no effect on oxide lifetime. The heavy ion irradiation substantially reduced oxide life even though the devices were biased at 0.0 V during irradiation. The reduction of oxide lifetime under constant-voltage stress conditions was a strong function of the heavy ion fluence. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Ctr Rehabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008
OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361
NR 14
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 7
BP 1282
EP 1284
DI 10.1063/1.1448859
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 522LA
UT WOS:000173896400058
ER

PT J
AU Charron, E
   Tiesinga, E
   Mies, F
   Williams, C
AF Charron, E
   Tiesinga, E
   Mies, F
   Williams, C
TI Optimizing a phase gate using quantum interference
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL LATTICES; COLD ATOMS; LOGIC; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; IONS
AB A controlled interference is proposed to reduce, by two orders of magnitude, the decoherence of a quantum gate for which the gate fidelity is limited by coupling to states other than the \0] and \1] qubit states. This phenomenon is demonstrated in an ultracold neutral atom implementation of a phase gate using qubits based on motional states in individual wells of an optical lattice.
C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Charron, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Photophys Mol Lab, Bat 425, F-91405 Orsay, France.
RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Charron, Eric/A-9017-2011
OI Charron, Eric/0000-0003-1660-6368
NR 24
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 077901
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.077901
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100073
PM 11863941
ER

PT J
AU Cundiff, ST
   Soto-Crespo, JM
   Akhmediev, N
AF Cundiff, ST
   Soto-Crespo, JM
   Akhmediev, N
TI Experimental evidence for soliton explosions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODE-LOCKING; LASER; DISPERSION; TI
AB We show, experimentally and numerically, that Ti:sapphire mode-locked lasers can operate in a regime in which they intermittently produce exploding solitons. This happens when the laser operates near a critical point. Explosions happen spontaneously, but external perturbations can trigger them. In stable operation, all explosions have similar features, but are not identical. The characteristics of the explosions depend on the intracavity dispersion.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   CSIC, Inst Opt, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
   Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Opt Sci Ctr,Australian Photon CRC, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 18
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 073903
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.073903
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100030
PM 11863898
ER

PT J
AU Edwards, M
   Clark, CW
   Pedri, P
   Pitaevskii, L
   Stringari, S
AF Edwards, M
   Clark, CW
   Pedri, P
   Pitaevskii, L
   Stringari, S
TI Consequence of superfluidity on the expansion of a rotating
   Bose-Einstein condensate
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCISSORS MODE; GAS; INERTIA; MOMENT
AB We propose an easily detectable signature of superfluidity in rotating, vortex-free gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates. We have studied the time evolution of the expansion of such a condensate after it is released from the confining trap. We find that if such a condensate is not initially rotating, then at some moment it will instantaneously achieve a circular cross section. If the condensate is initially rotating its irrotational flow and the conservation of angular momentum prevent the released condensate from attaining a circular cross section, since the instantaneous moment of inertia is then proportional to the asymmetry of this cross section.
C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy.
   Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-38050 Trento, Italy.
   PL Kapitza Phys Problems Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia.
RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; 
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 070405
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.070405
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100005
PM 11863873
ER

PT J
AU Lewandowski, HJ
   Harber, DM
   Whitaker, DL
   Cornell, EA
AF Lewandowski, HJ
   Harber, DM
   Whitaker, DL
   Cornell, EA
TI Observation of anomalous spin-state segregation in a trapped ultracold
   vapor
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN GAS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POLARIZED GAS; MIXTURES;
   WAVES
AB We observe counterintuitive spin segregation in an inhomogeneous sample of ultracold, noncondensed rubidium atoms in a magnetic trap. We use spatially selective microwave spectroscopy to verify a model that accounts for the differential forces on two internal spin states. In any simple understanding of the cloud dynamics, the forces are far too small to account for the dramatic transient spin polarizations observed. The underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.
C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lewandowski, HJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 18
TC 99
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 070403
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.070403
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100003
PM 11863871
ER

PT J
AU O'Hern, CS
   Langer, SA
   Liu, AJ
   Nagel, SR
AF O'Hern, CS
   Langer, SA
   Liu, AJ
   Nagel, SR
TI Random packings of frictionless particles
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM CLOSE PACKING; FOAM MECHANICS; HARD-SPHERES; BUBBLE-SCALE; 2
   DIMENSIONS; TRANSITION; MIXTURE; MODEL
AB We conduct numerical simulations of random packings of frictionless particles at T = 0. The packing fraction where the pressure becomes nonzero is the same as the jamming threshold, where the static shear modulus becomes nonzero. The distribution of threshold packing fractions narrows, and its peak approaches random close packing as the system size increases. For packing fractions within the peak, there is no self-averaging, leading to exponential decay of the interparticle force distribution.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP O'Hern, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RI O'Hern, Corey/I-3459-2014
OI O'Hern, Corey/0000-0002-8272-5640
NR 26
TC 336
Z9 341
U1 6
U2 73
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 075507
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.075507
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100044
PM 11863912
ER

PT J
AU Williams, JE
   Zaremba, E
   Jackson, B
   Nikuni, T
   Griffin, A
AF Williams, JE
   Zaremba, E
   Jackson, B
   Nikuni, T
   Griffin, A
TI Dynamical instability of a condensate induced by a rotating thermal gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; VORTEX; VORTICES; STATE
AB We study surface modes of the condensate in the presence of a rotating thermal cloud in an axisymmetric trap. By considering collisions that transfer atoms between the condensate and the noncondensate, we find that m > 0 modes, which rotate in the same sense as the thermal cloud, damp less strongly than m < 0 modes, where in is the polarity of the excitation. We show that above a critical angular rotation frequency, equivalent to the Landau stability criterion, m > 0 modes become dynamically unstable, leading to the possibility of vortex nucleation. We also generalize our stability analysis to treat the case where the stationary state of the condensate already possesses a single vortex.
C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
   Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RP Williams, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 26
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 070401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.070401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100001
PM 11863869
ER

PT J
AU Zheludev, A
   Honda, Z
   Chen, Y
   Broholm, CL
   Katsumata, K
   Shapiro, SM
AF Zheludev, A
   Honda, Z
   Chen, Y
   Broholm, CL
   Katsumata, K
   Shapiro, SM
TI Quasielastic neutron scattering in the high-field phase of a haldane
   antiferromagnet
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; GAP ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPIN
   DYNAMICS; LINEAR-CHAIN
AB Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the Haldane-gap quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6) are performed in magnetic fields below and above the critical field H-c at which the gap closes. Quasielastic neutron scattering is found for H > H-c, indicating topological excitations in the high-field phase.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   Saitama Univ, Fac Engn, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   RIKEN Harima Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan.
RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892
NR 26
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 7
AR 077206
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.077206
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 524PB
UT WOS:000174021100069
PM 11863937
ER

PT J
AU Holland, DS
   Lee, ST
AF Holland, DS
   Lee, ST
TI Impacts of random noise and specification on estimates of capacity
   derived from data envelopment analysis
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE data envelopment analysis; Monte Carlo analysis; capacity; fisheries
ID EFFICIENCY; MODEL
AB Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is widely used to estimate the efficiency of firms and has also been proposed as a tool to measure technical capacity and capacity utilization (CU). Random variation in output data can lead to downward bias in DEA estimates of efficiency and, consequently, upward bias in estimates of technical capacity. This can be particularly problematic for industries such as agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries where the production process is inherently stochastic due to environmental influences. This research uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate possible biases in DEA estimates of technically efficient output and capacity output attributable to noisy data and investigates the impact of using a model specification that allows for variable returns to scale (VRS). We demonstrate a simple method of reducing noise induced bias when panel data is available. We find that DEA capacity estimates are highly sensitive to noise and model specification. Analogous conclusions can be drawn regarding DEA estimates of average efficiency. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Holland, DS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X
NR 20
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-2217
J9 EUR J OPER RES
JI Eur. J. Oper. Res.
PD FEB 16
PY 2002
VL 137
IS 1
BP 10
EP 21
DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00087-X
PG 12
WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science
GA 514XZ
UT WOS:000173467500002
ER

PT J
AU Matsumi, Y
   Comes, FJ
   Hancock, G
   Hofzumahaus, A
   Hynes, AJ
   Kawasaki, M
   Ravishankara, AR
AF Matsumi, Y
   Comes, FJ
   Hancock, G
   Hofzumahaus, A
   Hynes, AJ
   Kawasaki, M
   Ravishankara, AR
TI Quantum yields for production of O(D-1) in the ultraviolet photolysis of
   ozone: Recommendation based on evaluation of laboratory data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE ozone; photolysis; quantum yield; ultraviolet; singlet oxygen atom;
   atmospheric modeling
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; JET-COOLED OZONE;
   TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; WAVELENGTH RANGE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; NM
   PHOTODISSOCIATION; ORBITAL ALIGNMENT; UV PHOTOLYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY
AB [1] The quantum yield for O(D-1) production in the photolysis of ozone in the ultraviolet region as a function of wavelength and temperature is a key input for modeling calculations in the atmospheric chemistry. To provide the modeling community with the best possible information, the available data are critically evaluated, and the best possible recommendations for the quantum yields are presented. Since the authors of this paper are the principal investigators of the groups which have provided most of the recent experimental data for the O(D-1) quantum yields, the basic assumptions made by each group, the input parameters used in obtaining the quantum yields, and possible sources of systematic errors are well examined. The fitting expression of the O(D-1) yield as a function of photolysis wavelength lambda and temperature Tis presented in the ranges of 306 nm less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 328 nm and 200 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 300 K. The recommendation values of the O(D-1) quantum yield for 290 nm less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 306 nm and 328 nm less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 350 nm are also presented. The formation mechanisms of O(D-1) in the photolysis of ozone which result in the wavelength and temperature dependence of the O(D-1) yields are interpreted.
C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4428507, Japan.
   Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany.
   Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England.
   Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
   Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Kyoto Univ, Dept Mol Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
   NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Matsumi, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Honohara 3-13, Nagoya, Aichi 4428507, Japan.
EM matsumi@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; comes@chemie.uni-frankfurt.de;
   gus.hancock@chemistry.ox.ac.uk; a.hofzumahaus@fz-juelich.de;
   ahynes@rsmas.miami.edu; mkawasa7@ip.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp;
   ravi@al.noaa.gov
RI Hofzumahaus, Andreas/I-9420-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
OI Hofzumahaus, Andreas/0000-0003-2876-0880; 
NR 58
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 16
PY 2002
VL 107
IS D3
AR 4024
DI 10.1029/2001JD000510
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 609EF
UT WOS:000178890100011
ER

PT J
AU Michelsen, HA
   Manney, GL
   Irion, FW
   Toon, GC
   Gunson, MR
   Rinsland, CP
   Zander, R
   Mahieu, E
   Newchurch, MJ
   Purcell, PN
   Remsberg, EE
   Russell, JM
   Pumphrey, HC
   Waters, JW
   Bevilacqua, RM
   Kelly, KK
   Hintsa, EJ
   Weinstock, EM
   Chiou, EW
   Chu, WP
   McCormick, MP
   Webster, CR
AF Michelsen, HA
   Manney, GL
   Irion, FW
   Toon, GC
   Gunson, MR
   Rinsland, CP
   Zander, R
   Mahieu, E
   Newchurch, MJ
   Purcell, PN
   Remsberg, EE
   Russell, JM
   Pumphrey, HC
   Waters, JW
   Bevilacqua, RM
   Kelly, KK
   Hintsa, EJ
   Weinstock, EM
   Chiou, EW
   Chu, WP
   McCormick, MP
   Webster, CR
TI ATMOS version 3 water vapor measurements: Comparisons with observations
   from two ER-2 Lyman-alpha hygrometers, MkIV, HALOE, SAGE II, MAS, and
   MLS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE water vapor; comparison; validation; ATMOS; stratosphere
ID TRACE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY; GAS EXPERIMENT-II; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER;
   MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTROMETER; TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET; LOWER STRATOSPHERE;
   POLAR VORTEX; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NOVEMBER 1994
AB [1] We have compared a new version of Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS) retrievals (version 3) of stratospheric and mesospheric water vapor with observations from shuttleborne, satelliteborne, balloonborne, and aircraftborne instruments. These retrievals show agreement to within 5% with the MkIV observations in the middle and lower stratosphere. ATMOS agrees with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lyman-alpha hygrometer to within 5% except for features with spatial scales less than the vertical resolution of ATMOS (such as the lower stratospheric seasonal cycle). ATMOS observations are 10-16% lower than measurements from the Harvard Lyman-alpha hygrometer in the lower stratosphere and are 7-14% higher than those from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; prototype version 0104) throughout most of the stratosphere. Agreement is within 7% with the Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS; version 20) in the middle and upper stratosphere, but differences are closer to 13% in the lower stratosphere. Throughout the stratosphere, agreement is within 8% with the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE; version 19). ATMOS data from 1994 show agreement with the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II; version 6) values to within 8% in the middle stratosphere, but ATMOS observations are systematically higher than those from SAGE II by as much as 41% in the lower stratosphere. In contrast, ATMOS 1985 values are systematically similar to50% lower than SAGE II values from sunset occultations in the lower stratosphere near 70 hPa but appear to be in better agreement with sunrise occultations. Version 3 retrievals in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere are typically 5-10% lower than version 2 values between 1 and 0.05 hPa. This reduction improves agreement with HALOE, MAS, and MLS upper atmospheric observations, but ATMOS values still tend to be higher than values from these instruments in the middle mesosphere. Agreement among the instruments compared here (except for SAGE II) is generally within 15% in the middle to lower stratosphere and mesosphere and within 10% in the middle to upper stratosphere. At altitudes near 30 km, all instruments (including SAGE II) agree to within 10%.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
   New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA.
   Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
   Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
   Univ Edinburgh, Dept Meteorol, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland.
   Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   Tribal DDB, New York, NY USA.
RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM hamiche@ca.sandia.gov; manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; fwi@caesar.jpl.nasa.gov;
   toon@mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov; mrg@derecho.jpl.nasa.gov;
   c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov; zander@astro.ulg.ac.be;
   mahieu@astro.ulg.ac.be; mike@atmos.uah.edu; ppurcell@tribalddb.com;
   e.e.remsberg@larc.nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu;
   hcp@met.ed.ac.uk; joe@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; bevilacq@poamb.nrl.navy.mil;
   kellyk@al.noaa.gov; ehintsa@whoi.edu; elliot@huarp.harvard.edu;
   e.chiou@larc.nasa.gov; w.p.chu@larc.nasa.gov;
   pat.mccormick@hamptonu.edu; chris.r.webster@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 84
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 16
PY 2002
VL 107
IS D3
AR 4027
DI 10.1029/2001JD000587
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 609EF
UT WOS:000178890100008
ER

PT J
AU Michels, A
   Weissmuller, J
   Erb, U
   Barker, JG
AF Michels, A
   Weissmuller, J
   Erb, U
   Barker, JG
TI Measurement of a magnetic-field dependent correlation length in
   nanocrystalline Ni using small-angle neutron scattering
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st Seeheim Conference on Magnetism (SCM2001)
CY SEP 09-13, 2001
CL SEEHEIM, GERMANY
ID NANOSTRUCTURED FE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETS
AB We have analyzed magnetic-field dependent small-angle neutron scattering data on nanocrystalline electrode posited Ni by means of the correlation function of the spin misalignment. The approach yields a correlation length l(C) of the spin misalignment that is a measure for the characteristic dimension of regions in which the magnetic moments are misaligned coherently into a common direction. We find that l(C) varies strongly with the applied magnetic field H-i with values extending from about 50 nm (larger than the value for uniformly magnetized grains) at small H-i to about 10 nm (considerably smaller than the grain size) at large applied fields.
C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
   Univ Saarland, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany.
   Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Michels, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RI Weissmuller, Jorg/C-3967-2009; Michels, Andreas/F-6588-2014
OI Weissmuller, Jorg/0000-0002-8958-4414; 
NR 12
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0031-8965
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A
JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res.
PD FEB 16
PY 2002
VL 189
IS 2
BP 509
EP 513
DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200202)189:2<509::AID-PSSA509>3.0.CO;2-C
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics,
   Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 526TF
UT WOS:000174145200038
ER

PT J
AU Pugmire, DL
   Waddell, EA
   Haasch, R
   Tarlov, MJ
   Locascio, E
AF Pugmire, DL
   Waddell, EA
   Haasch, R
   Tarlov, MJ
   Locascio, E
TI Surface characterization of laser-ablated polymers used for
   microfluidics
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EXCIMER-LASER; POLY(METHYL
   METHACRYLATE); POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); RADIATION; DEVICES; IRRADIATION;
   SYSTEMS; FILMS; NM
AB Fabrication of microfluidic devices by excimer laser ablation under different atmospheres may provide variations in polymer microchannel surface characteristics. The surface chemistry and electroosmotic (EO) mobility of polymer microchannels laser ablated under different atmospheres were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and current monitoring mobility measurements, respectively. The ablated surfaces of PMMA were very similar to the native material, regardless of ablation atmospheres due to the negligible absorption of 248-nm light by that polymer. The substrates studied that exhibit nonnegligible absorption at this energy, namely, poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol), poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(carbonate), showed significant changes in surface chemistry and EO mobility when the ablation atmospheres were varied. Ablation of these three polymer substrates under nitrogen or argon resulted in low EO mobilities with a loss of the well-defined chemical structures of the native surfaces, while ablation under oxygen yielded surfaces that retained native chemical structures and supported higher EO mobilities.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Pugmire, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 35
TC 72
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 74
IS 4
BP 871
EP 878
DI 10.1021/ac011026r
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 522UL
UT WOS:000173915300019
PM 11866067
ER

PT J
AU Lin, QX
   Mendelssohn, IA
   Carney, K
   Bryner, NP
   Walton, WD
AF Lin, QX
   Mendelssohn, IA
   Carney, K
   Bryner, NP
   Walton, WD
TI Salt marsh recovery and oil spill remediation after in-situ burning:
   Effeacts of water depth and burn duration
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VEGETATION; FIRE
AB Effects of water depth, burn duration, and diesel fuel concentration on the relationship between recovery of marsh vegetation, soil temperature, and oil remediation during in-situ burning of oiled mesocosms were investigated. The water depth over the soil surface during in-situ burning was a major factor controlling recovery of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora. Ten centimeters of water overlying the soil surface was sufficient to protect the marsh soil from burn impacts with soil temperatures <37 degreesC and high plant survival rate. In contrast, a water table 10 cm below the soil surface resulted in mean soil temperatures > 100 degreesC at the 2-cm soil depth, which completely inhibited the post-burn recovery of S. alterniflora. Although poor plant recovery was also apparent in the treatments with 0 and 2 cm of water over the soil surface, this result was likely due to the chemical stress of the diesel fuel used to create the fire rather than the heat, per se, which never reached the estimated lethal temperature of 60 degreesC. In situ burning effectively removed more than 95% of floating oil from the water surface. Thus, in-situ burning prevented the oil from potentially contaminating adjacent habitats. However, in-situ burning did not effectively remediate the oil that had penetrated the soil.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   US Dept Commerce, NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, QX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 4
BP 576
EP 581
DI 10.1021/es011075l
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 522WB
UT WOS:000173919000008
PM 11878369
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JZ
   Millero, FJ
AF Zhang, JZ
   Millero, FJ
TI Comment on "A kinetic study of the oxidation of S(IV) in seawater"
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID SO2
C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Ollero, Pedro/I-3141-2015
OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Ollero, Pedro/0000-0002-2507-823X
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 4
BP 817
EP 817
AR UNSP ES011338B
DI 10.1021/es011338b
PG 1
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 522WB
UT WOS:000173919000042
PM 11878402
ER

PT J
AU Clements, S
   Schreck, CB
   Larsen, DA
   Dickhoff, WW
AF Clements, S
   Schreck, CB
   Larsen, DA
   Dickhoff, WW
TI Central administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates
   locomotor activity in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behavior; CRH; locomotion; teleosts; chinook; social
ID COHO SALMON; FACTOR CRF; STRESS RESPONSES; RATS; PLASMA; ACCLIMATION;
   BLOCKADE; CORTISOL; KISUTCH; SYSTEM
AB This study evaluated the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on locomotor activity, habitat choice, and social behavior in juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH caused a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. The stimulatory effect of exogenous CRH on locomotor activity lasted for at least 24 h. Injection (ICV) of a peptide antagonist of CRH, alpha-helical CRH(9-41) (ahCRH), prevented the increase in locomotor activity when administered concurrently with CRH. Furthermore, fish administered the antagonist alone had significantly lower locomotor activity levels compared to saline-injected control fish. The effects of CRH are often dependent on the social context. However, no evidence was found that the presence of conspecifics during the testing procedure affected locomotor activity following ICV injections of CRH. Similarly, ICV injections of CRH or ahCRH did not have a significant effect on the mean time spent in contact with a conspecific. However, the position of fish in the tank was affected by the treatments, ICV injections of CRH significantly increased the amount of time that fish spent near the center of the tank. Furthermore, ICV injections of ahCRH significantly increased the mean time taken for fish to find cover in the tank. The effect of CRH and ahCRH on locomotor activity was not related to changes in plasma cortisol or thyroxine. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous CRH within the central nervous system is involved in the stimulation of locomotor activity in fish. Furthermore, CRH may also alter habitat choice in a novel environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 32
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 125
IS 3
BP 319
EP 327
DI 10.1006/gcen.2001.7707
PG 9
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 531AB
UT WOS:000174391300001
PM 11884077
ER

PT J
AU Medovaya, M
   Waliser, DE
   Weller, RA
   McPhaden, MJ
AF Medovaya, M
   Waliser, DE
   Weller, RA
   McPhaden, MJ
TI Assessing ocean buoy shortwave observations using clear-sky model
   calculations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE clear-sky model; ocean; ocean buoy; shortwave radiation
ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; SOLAR-RADIATION; SUBDUCTION EXPERIMENT;
   EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; SURFACE; ABSORPTION; SATELLITE; CLOUDS;
   ATMOSPHERE
AB [1] Comparison of ocean buoy observations and model calculations of incoming clear-sky surface shortwave radiation is performed in order to assess the buoys' general reliability under operating conditions. The buoy data employed for this study come from several experimental and operational deployments conducted by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). WHOI deployments include the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment, Marine Light Mixed Layer Experiment, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response, Subduction Experiment, Arabian Sea Experiment, Pan-American Climate Study, and Biowatt. PMEL deployments include the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean moored buoy array in the tropical Pacific Ocean. These moorings and their associated shortwave measurements represent the vast majority of open-ocean in situ shortwave observations available to date. Two separate schemes were used to filter the cloudy samples from the buoy shortwave time series, one based on satellite values of cloudiness and a second scheme based on the buoy observations themselves and on a number of additional constraints. The clear-sky model calculations of surface shortwave were computed using the single-column radiation code from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3. The primary uncertainty associated with the model calculations is the specification of the aerosol amount. In general, there was a fairly high level of agreement between the buoy and modeled values of clear-sky surface shortwave. However, there were a few buoys that exhibited significant model-data discrepancies (e. g., model-data biases exceeding 10%, or similar to40 W m(-2)). The possible reasons for these discrepancies were investigated. In some cases, unaccounted for aerosol variability in the model was found to be the most probable cause, indicating that observations were likely to be reliable. In other cases, the discrepancies appeared to result from sensor tilt associated with wind, currents, or deployment/mounting problems and/or were possibly due to aerosol buildup on the sensor.
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Medovaya, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
NR 53
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 107
IS C2
AR 3014
DI 10.1029/2000JC000558
PG 22
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 609TL
UT WOS:000178920600001
ER

PT J
AU Yamaura, K
   Huang, Q
   Takayama-Muromachi, E
AF Yamaura, K
   Huang, Q
   Takayama-Muromachi, E
TI Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the
   linear-chain cobalt oxide Sr5Pb3CoO12
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; (VO)2P2O7; LADDER; PHASE
AB The novel spin-chain cobalt oxide Sr5Pb3CoO12 [P (6) over bar 2m, a = 10.1093(2) Angstrom and c = 3.562 51(9) Angstrom at 295 K] is reported. A polycrystalline sample of the compound was studied by neutron diffraction (at 6 and 295 K) and magnetic susceptibility measurements (5 to 390 K). The cobalt oxide was found to be analogous to the copper oxide Sr5Pb3CuO12, which is comprised of magnetic-linear chains at an interchain distance of 10 Angstrom. Although the cobalt oxide chains (mu(eff) of 3.64 mu(B) per Co) are substantially antiferromagnetic (theta(w) = -38.8 K), neither low-dimensional magnetism nor long-range ordering has been found; a local-structure disorder in the chains might have an impact on the magnetism. This compound is highly electrically insulating. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.
   Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 164
IS 1
BP 12
EP 18
DI 10.1006/jssc.2001.9420
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 527NA
UT WOS:000174191100003
ER

PT J
AU Roberts, CM
   Bohnsack, JA
   Gell, F
   Hawkins, JP
   Goodridge, R
AF Roberts, CM
   Bohnsack, JA
   Gell, F
   Hawkins, JP
   Goodridge, R
TI Marine reserves and fisheries management - Response
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Nat Resource Management Program, Cave Hill, Barbados.
RP Roberts, CM (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
EM cr10@york.ac.uk
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD FEB 15
PY 2002
VL 295
IS 5558
BP 1234
EP 1235
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 522ZC
UT WOS:000173926000018
ER

PT J
AU Lyon, G
AF Lyon, G
TI Comparison of two code scalability tests
SO INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE analysis; empiricism; concurrency; performance evaluation; scalability;
   software
ID PROGRAMS
C1 NIST, Distributed Syst Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lyon, G (reprint author), NIST, Distributed Syst Technol Grp, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8951, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0020-0190
J9 INFORM PROCESS LETT
JI Inf. Process. Lett.
PD FEB 14
PY 2002
VL 81
IS 3
BP 169
EP 174
DI 10.1016/S0020-0190(01)00204-6
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA 499TC
UT WOS:000172585600009
ER

PT J
AU O'Donovan, KV
   Borchers, JA
   Majkrzak, CF
   Hellwig, O
   Fullerton, EE
AF O'Donovan, KV
   Borchers, JA
   Majkrzak, CF
   Hellwig, O
   Fullerton, EE
TI Pinpointing chiral structures with front-back polarized neutron
   reflectometry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRING MAGNET; DOMAIN-WALL; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; MULTILAYERS;
   BILAYERS
AB A new development in spin-polarized neutron reflectometry enables us to more fully characterize the nucleation and growth of buried domain walls in layered magnetic materials. We applied this technique to a thin-film exchange-spring magnet. After first measuring the reflectivity with the neutrons striking the front, we measure with the neutrons striking the back. Simultaneous fits are sensitive to the presence of spiral spin structures. The technique reveals previously unresolved features of field-dependent domain walls in exchange-spring systems and has sufficient generality to apply to a variety of magnetic systems.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   IBM Corp, Almaden Res Facil, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
RP O'Donovan, KV (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013
OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509
NR 22
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 11
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 6
AR 067201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.067201
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 521PJ
UT WOS:000173849300054
PM 11863845
ER

PT J
AU Becker, H
   Locascio, LE
AF Becker, H
   Locascio, LE
TI Polymer microfluidic devices
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Review
DE microfabrication; polymer; microfluidics; chip
ID ON-A-CHIP; INTEGRATED CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS;
   IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO; DNA
   ANALYSIS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS;
   TOPOLOGICALLY COMPLEX; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW
AB Since the introduction of lab-on-a-chip devices in the early 1990s, glass has been the dominant substrate material for their fabrication (J. Chromatogr. 593 (1992) 253; Science 261 (1993) 895). This is primarily driven by the fact that fabrication methods were well established by the semiconductor industry, and surface properties and derivatization methods were well characterized and developed by the chromatography industry among others. Several material properties of glass make it a very attractive material for use in microfluidic systems; however, the cost of producing systems in glass is driving commercial producers to seek other materials. Commercial manufacturers of microfluidic devices see many benefits in employing plastics that include reduced cost and simplified manufacturing procedures, particularly when compared to glass and silicon. An additional benefit that is extremely attractive is the wide range of available plastic materials which allows the manufacturer to choose materials' properties suitable for their specific application. In this article, we present a review of polymer-based microfluidic systems including their material properties, fabrication methods, device applications, and finally an analysis of the market that drives their development. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Mildendo Gesell Mikrofluid Syst MBH, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mildendo Gesell Mikrofluid Syst MBH, Goschwitzer Str 40, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
EM holger.becker@jenoptik.com; laurie.locascio@nist.gov
NR 106
TC 655
Z9 668
U1 23
U2 298
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
EI 1873-3573
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD FEB 11
PY 2002
VL 56
IS 2
BP 267
EP 287
AR PII S0039-9140(01)00594-X
DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00594-X
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 524GT
UT WOS:000174005400004
PM 18968500
ER

PT J
AU Ma, XL
   Wan, ZM
   Moeller, CC
   Menzel, WP
   Gumley, LE
AF Ma, XL
   Wan, ZM
   Moeller, CC
   Menzel, WP
   Gumley, LE
TI Simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric profiles, land-surface
   temperature, and surface emissivity from Moderate-Resolution Imaging
   Spectroradiometer thermal infrared data: extension of a two-step
   physical algorithm
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; TERRESTRIAL MATERIALS; WATER-VAPOR; AVHRR DATA;
   VALIDATION; SOUNDER; SPECTROMETER; RADIOMETER; SELECTION; SPACE
AB An extension to the two-step physical retrieval algorithm was developed. Combined clear-sky multi-temporal and multispectral observations were used to retrieve the atmospheric temperature-humidity profile, land-surface temperature, and surface emissivities in the midwave (3-5 mum) and long-wave (8-14.5 mum) regions. The extended algorithm was tested with both simulated and real data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator. A sensitivity study and error analysis demonstrate that retrieval performance is improved by the extended algorithm. The extended algorithm is relatively insensitive to the uncertainties simulated for the real observations. The extended algorithm was also applied to real MODIS daytime and nighttime observations and showed that it is capable of retrieving medium-scale atmospheric temperature water vapor and retrieving surface temperature emissivity with retrieval accuracy similar to that achieved by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) but at a spatial resolution higher than that of GOES. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data, Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Ma, XL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201
NR 43
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 11
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD FEB 10
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 5
BP 909
EP 924
DI 10.1364/AO.41.000909
PG 16
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 519MB
UT WOS:000173729100010
PM 11908219
ER

PT J
AU Hill, RJ
AF Hill, RJ
TI Scaling of acceleration in locally isotropic turbulence
SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
ID REYNOLDS-NUMBER DEPENDENCE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE;
   INTERMITTENCY
AB The variances of the fluid-particle acceleration and of the pressure-gradient and viscous force are given. The scaling parameters for these variances are velocity statistics measureable with a single-wire anemometer. For both high and low Reynolds numbers, asymptotic scaling formulas are given; these agree quantitatively with DNS data. Thus, the scaling can be presumed known for all Reynolds numbers. Fluid-particle acceleration variance does not obey K41 scaling at any Reynolds number; this is consistent with recent experimental data. The non-dimensional pressure-gradient variance named lambda(T)/lambda(P) is shown to be obsolete.
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 34
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA
SN 0022-1120
J9 J FLUID MECH
JI J. Fluid Mech.
PD FEB 10
PY 2002
VL 452
BP 361
EP 370
DI 10.1017/S0022112001007091
PG 10
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 527QG
UT WOS:000174197200017
ER

PT J
AU McPhaden, MJ
   Zhang, DX
AF McPhaden, MJ
   Zhang, DX
TI Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific
   Ocean
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; CLIMATE
   VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MODEL; ENSO; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURES
AB Decadal temperature fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean have a significant effect on marine ecosystems and the climate of North America. The physical mechanisms responsible for these fluctuations are poorly understood. Some theories ascribe a central role to the wind-driven meridional overturning circulation between the tropical and subtropical oceans. Here we show, from observations over the past 50 years, that this overturning circulation has been slowing down since the 1970s, causing a decrease in upwelling of about 25% in an equatorial strip between 9 degreesN and 9 degreesS. This reduction in equatorial upwelling of relatively cool water, from 47 x 10(6) to 35 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1), is associated with a rise in equatorial sea surface temperatures of about 0.8 degreesC. Another effect of the slowing circulation is a reduction in the outgassing of CO(2) from the equatorial Pacific Ocean-at present the largest oceanic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mcphaden@pmel.noaa.gov
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
NR 49
TC 345
Z9 398
U1 4
U2 30
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD FEB 7
PY 2002
VL 415
IS 6872
BP 603
EP 608
DI 10.1038/415603a
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 519DC
UT WOS:000173709100036
PM 11832936
ER

PT J
AU Gurney, KR
   Law, RM
   Denning, AS
   Rayner, PJ
   Baker, D
   Bousquet, P
   Bruhwiler, L
   Chen, YH
   Ciais, P
   Fan, S
   Fung, IY
   Gloor, M
   Heimann, M
   Higuchi, K
   John, J
   Maki, T
   Maksyutov, S
   Masarie, K
   Peylin, P
   Prather, M
   Pak, BC
   Randerson, J
   Sarmiento, J
   Taguchi, S
   Takahashi, T
   Yuen, CW
AF Gurney, KR
   Law, RM
   Denning, AS
   Rayner, PJ
   Baker, D
   Bousquet, P
   Bruhwiler, L
   Chen, YH
   Ciais, P
   Fan, S
   Fung, IY
   Gloor, M
   Heimann, M
   Higuchi, K
   John, J
   Maki, T
   Maksyutov, S
   Masarie, K
   Peylin, P
   Prather, M
   Pak, BC
   Randerson, J
   Sarmiento, J
   Taguchi, S
   Takahashi, T
   Yuen, CW
TI Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using
   atmospheric transport models
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYNTHESIS INVERSION; LAND; DELTA-C-13; EMISSIONS;
   FLUXES; BUDGET; CYCLE
AB Information about regional carbon sources and sinks can be derived from variations in observed atmospheric CO2 concentrations via inverse modelling with atmospheric tracer transport models. A consensus has not yet been reached regarding the size and distribution of regional carbon fluxes obtained using this approach, partly owing to the use of several different atmospheric transport models(1-9). Here we report estimates of surface- atmosphere CO2 fluxes from an intercomparison of atmospheric CO2 inversion models (the TransCom 3 project), which includes 16 transport models and model variants. We find an uptake of CO2 in the southern extratropical ocean less than that estimated from ocean measurements, a result that is not sensitive to transport models or methodological approaches. We also find a northern land carbon sink that is distributed relatively evenly among the continents of the Northern Hemisphere, but these results show some sensitivity to transport differences among models, especially in how they respond to seasonal terrestrial exchange of CO2. Overall, carbon fluxes integrated over latitudinal zones are strongly constrained by observations in the middle to high latitudes. Further significant constraints to our understanding of regional carbon fluxes will therefore require improvements in transport models and expansion of the CO2 observation network within the tropics.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
   Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
   NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
   Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
   Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
   Japan Meteorol Agcy, Observ Dept, Div Atmospher Environm, Qual Assurance Sect,Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan.
   Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Inst Global Change Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan.
   Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
RP Denning, AS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM denning@atmos.colostate.edu
RI Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Pak,
   Bernard/F-4326-2015; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Vuichard,
   Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016
OI Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875;
   Pak, Bernard/0000-0002-2137-8171; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577;
   Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113
NR 30
TC 647
Z9 671
U1 10
U2 119
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD FEB 7
PY 2002
VL 415
IS 6872
BP 626
EP 630
DI 10.1038/415626a
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 519DC
UT WOS:000173709100042
PM 11832942
ER

PT J
AU Farrow, RFC
   Marks, RF
   Toney, MF
   David, S
   Kellock, AJ
   Borchers, JA
   O'Donovan, KV
   Smith, DJ
AF Farrow, RFC
   Marks, RF
   Toney, MF
   David, S
   Kellock, AJ
   Borchers, JA
   O'Donovan, KV
   Smith, DJ
TI Spontaneous chemical ordering and exchange bias in epitaxial
   Mn0.52Pd0.48/Fe(001) bilayers prepared at room temperature
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE/MNPD BILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH
AB We report spontaneous chemical ordering of Mn0.52Pd0.48 films, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on body-centered-cubic Fe(001) films. The bilayers were grown at room temperature onto a seeding structure of Ag(001)/Fe(001)/GaAs(001). X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction studies confirm extensive chemical ordering of the MnPd to the L1(0) antiferromagnetic phase which grows as a twinned film with the tetragonal c axis in the film plane. The Fe film exhibits a unidirectional exchange bias and we find no pronounced difference in magnetic structure of the biased Fe layer at the ascending and descending crossing fields where the net moment along the applied field axis is zero. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 IBM Res Div, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP IBM Res Div, Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
EM farrow@almaden.ibm.com
NR 16
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 4
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 5
BP 808
EP 810
DI 10.1063/1.1436286
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 517NW
UT WOS:000173617700035
ER

PT J
AU Lewis, MA
   Scott, GI
   Bearden, DW
   Quarles, RL
   Moore, J
   Strozier, ED
   Sivertsen, SK
   Dias, AR
   Sanders, M
AF Lewis, MA
   Scott, GI
   Bearden, DW
   Quarles, RL
   Moore, J
   Strozier, ED
   Sivertsen, SK
   Dias, AR
   Sanders, M
TI Fish tissue quality in near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico
   receiving point source discharges
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE fish tissue; contaminants; wastewaters; Gulf of Mexico
ID OF-MEXICO; SEDIMENT
AB The objective of this study was to determine inorganic and organic contaminant concentrations in edible tissue of fish collected from eight coastal areas receiving wastewater discharges and from two reference locations. Trace metal residues were statistically similar regardless of the collection site. Zinc (100% detection in all samples), total mercury (100%), total arsenic (92%), copper (92%), and selenium (88%) were the more commonly detected trace metals. Mercury concentrations exceeded the Florida health-based standard of 0.5 mug/g for limited fish consumption in 30% of the total samples and averaged 0.40 (+/-1 S.D. = 0.22, range less than or equal to 0.08 to 0.85) mug/g wet weight. The average total PAH concentrations were 1.79 (+/-1.60) ng/g (reference areas) and 2.17 (+/-3.29) ng/g (wastewater-impacted areas). Pyrene was detected most frequently (63% of the total samples) and averaged 0.74 (+/-0.35) ng/g wet wt. The average total PCB concentrations were 4.8 (+/-7.1) ng/g (reference areas) and 31.6 (+/-31.3) ng/g (wastewater-impacted areas) Concentrations of dieldrin and cis-chlordane were approximately eight times greater, respectively, in fish collected from wastewater receiving waters, whereas total DDT and total pesticide concentrations were not elevated in the same areas. Concentrations of total PCBs and all chlorinated pesticides were below US health-based standards. The lack of a published reference data base for fish tissue quality in near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico restricts an assessment of the environmental significance of results from this and similar studies investigating the fate of point source contaminants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
   Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 25
TC 33
Z9 40
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD FEB 4
PY 2002
VL 284
IS 1-3
BP 249
EP 261
DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00891-9
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 518AU
UT WOS:000173644500022
PM 11846169
ER

PT J
AU Paul, RL
AF Paul, RL
TI Nondestructive measurement of hydrogen and other elements by cold
   neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis
SO AMERICAN LABORATORY
LA English
DT Article
ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; NIST; CONCRETE
AB The availability of high-resolution gamma ray detectors in the 1970s permitted PGAA to become a viable technique for the analysis of many light elements, especially hydrogen. These elements are difficult to measure non-destructively by other methods. Another advantage of the method is its freedom from matrix effects because the method involves nuclear reactions.
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8395,Bldg235,Rm B170, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA
SN 0044-7749
J9 AM LAB
JI Am. Lab.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 34
IS 3
BP 15
EP +
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 527ER
UT WOS:000174174200001
ER

PT J
AU Chilson, PB
   Yu, TY
   Palmer, RD
   Kirkwood, S
AF Chilson, PB
   Yu, TY
   Palmer, RD
   Kirkwood, S
TI Aspect sensitivity measurements of polar mesosphere summer echoes using
   coherent radar imaging
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE ionosphere; polar ionosphere; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics;
   middle atmosphere dynamics; radio science; interferometry
ID COMMON-VOLUME OBSERVATIONS; EISCAT-224 MHZ RADAR; VHF RADAR; NOCTILUCENT
   CLOUDS; VERTICAL VELOCITY; MESOPAUSE REGION; GRAVITY-WAVE; MST RADAR;
   IRREGULARITIES; MIDLATITUDES
AB The Esrange VHF radar (ESRAD), located in northern Sweden (67.88degrees N, 21.10degrees E), has been used to investigate polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). During July and August of 1998, coherent radar imaging (CRI) was used to study the dynamic evolution of PMSE with high temporal and spatial resolution. A CRI analysis provides an estimate of the angular brightness distribution within the radar's probing volume. The brightness distribution is directly related to the radar reflectivity. Consequently, these data are used to investigate the aspect sensitivity of PMSE. In addition to the CRI analysis, the full correlation analysis (FCA) is used to derive estimates of the prevailing three-dimensional wind associated with the observed PMSE. It is shown that regions within the PMSE with enhanced aspect sensitivity have a correspondingly high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although this relationship has been investigated in the past, the present study allows for an estimation of the aspect sensitivity independent of the assumed scattering models and avoids the complications of comparing echo strengths from vertical and off-vertical beams over large horizontal separations, as in the Doppler Beam Swinging (DBS) method. Regions of enhanced aspect sensitivity were additionally shown to correlate with the wave-perturbation induced downward motions of air parcels embedded in the PMSE.
C1 Swedish Inst Space Phys, MRI Atmospher Res Programme, Kiruna, Sweden.
   Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Ctr Electroopt, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 58
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC
PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 20
IS 2
BP 213
EP 223
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 526XB
UT WOS:000174154200008
ER

PT J
AU Alam, MF
   Omar, IH
   Squires, D
AF Alam, MF
   Omar, IH
   Squires, D
TI Sustainable fisheries development in the tropics: trawlers and licence
   limitation in Malaysia
SO APPLIED ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSTITUTION; PROGRAMS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT
AB Sustainable fisheries development requires sound fisheries management. Area licence limitation programmes may form the cornerstone for most tropical multispecies fisheries management programmes. An empirical analysis of Peninsular Malaysian fishing trawlers is used to design an area licence limitation programme that conforms to the multiproduct production technology, and cost and revenue structures to best accommodate condtions of asymmetric information between the regulator and fishing vessels.
C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
   Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Econ & Management, Dept Nat Resource Econ, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
   Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Agr Finance, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
RP Squires, D (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROUTLEDGE
PI HANTS
PA CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPT, RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS RG24 8PR, ENGLAND
SN 0003-6846
J9 APPL ECON
JI Appl. Econ.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 34
IS 3
BP 325
EP 337
DI 10.1080/00036840110036305
PG 13
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 514PY
UT WOS:000173451300007
ER

PT J
AU Bur, AJ
   Vangel, MG
   Roth, S
AF Bur, AJ
   Vangel, MG
   Roth, S
TI Temperature dependence of fluorescent probes for applications to polymer
   materials processing
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE fluorescence spectroscopy; fluorescence decay rate; spectral temperature
   dependence; nonradiative decay; polymer processing
ID ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; THERMOMETRY; ANISOTROPY; PERYLENE; MEMBRANES;
   BEHAVIOR; EXTRUDER; SOLVENTS; LIFETIME; OXYGEN
AB We have examined the temperature dependence of fluorescence spectra from dyes that can be used as molecular probes during polymer processing. The dyes, perylene and benzoxazolyl stilbene, are in a class of dyes called band definition dyes, so called because their fluorescence spectra contain distinct intensity peaks at characteristic wavelengths. The dyes were chosen for this study because they are soluble at dopant levels of concentration in organic Polymers at elevated temperatures and they survive without degradation at polymer processing temperatures up to 300degreesC. Changes induced in the fluorescence spectra over a range of typical processing temperatures were examined using statistical techniques that establish correlations between fluorescence intensity, wavelength, and temperature. The derived correlations are the basis for temperature calibrations that can be applied to process monitoring. A phenomenological model that assumes temperature dependence for both nonradiative and radiative decay modes is developed. A fit of the model parameters to the fluorescence spectra yielded activation energies for the temperature dependence of fluorescence decay rates.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 37
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 17
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 56
IS 2
BP 174
EP 181
DI 10.1366/0003702021954638
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA 528XF
UT WOS:000174269500005
ER

PT J
AU DeLorenzo, ME
   Taylor, LA
   Lund, SA
   Pennington, PL
   Strozier, ED
   Fulton, MH
AF DeLorenzo, ME
   Taylor, LA
   Lund, SA
   Pennington, PL
   Strozier, ED
   Fulton, MH
TI Toxicity and bioconcentration potential of the agricultural pesticide
   endosulfan in phytoplankton and zooplankton
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; ALGA
AB Agricultural pesticide runoff in southeastern coastal regions of the United States is a critical issue. Bioconcentration of pesticides by phytoplankton and zooplankton at the base of the aquatic food web may increase the persistence of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems and cause effects at higher trophic levels. This study examined the toxicity of a widely used agricultural pesticide, endosulfan, to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitatum (freshwater green alga) and Daphnia magna (freshwater cladoceran). We then investigated the potential of both plankton species to sequester endosulfan from their surrounding media. We also assessed the degree to which endosulfan is accumulated by D. magna via food (endosulfan-contaminated P. subcapitatum). A 96-h growth rate EC50 of 427.80 muLg/L endosulfan was determined for P. subcapitatum, whereas a 24-h immobilization EC50 of 366.33 mug/L endosulfan was determined for D. magna. The 5-h EC(50)s for filtration and ingestion in D. magna were 165.57 mug/L and 166.44 mug/L, respectively. An average bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2,682 was determined for P. subcapitatum exposed to 100 mug/L endosulfan for 16 h. An average BCF of 3,278 was determined for D. magna in a 100 mug/L endosulfan water-only exposure. There was negligible uptake of endosulfan by D. magna feeding on contaminated algae in clean water (BCF similar to 0). Different proportions of parent isomers (endosulfan 1 and 11) and the primary degradation product (endosulfan sulfate) were detected among treatments. Endosulfan was rapidly accumulated and concentrated from water by P. subcapitatum and D. magna neonates. Endosulfan contained in phytoplankton, however, was not bioaccumulated by zooplankton. These findings may prove useful in assessing ecosystem risk, because uptake from the water column appears to be the dominant route for bioconcentration of endosulfan by zooplankton.
C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   Pacific Union Coll, Dept Biol, Angwin, CA 94508 USA.
RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NR 38
TC 58
Z9 62
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 42
IS 2
BP 173
EP 181
DI 10.1007/s00244-001-0008-3
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 514DB
UT WOS:000173421800005
PM 11815808
ER

PT J
AU Vacca, WD
   Johnson, KE
   Conti, PS
AF Vacca, WD
   Johnson, KE
   Conti, PS
TI N-band observations of Henize 2-10: Unveiling the dusty engine of a
   starburst galaxy
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE dust, extinction; galaxies : individual (He 2-10); galaxies : star
   clusters; HII regions
ID H-II REGIONS; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; RADIO RECOMBINATION LINE;
   WOLF-RAYET GALAXIES; INFRARED-EMISSION; NGC 5253; VLA OBSERVATIONS;
   STAR-CLUSTERS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS
AB As part of an ongoing program to better understand the early stages of massive star cluster evolution and the physical conditions for their formation, we have obtained J, H, K', and N (10.8 mum) images of the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy He 2-10. The N-band images were obtained with the Gemini North Telescope. In only 10 minutes of on-source integration time with Gemini, we were able to detect four of the five enshrouded clusters, or ultradense H II regions (UD H II regions) recently discovered in radio maps. None of these sources appears in either the optical Hubble Space Telescope images or the near-infrared ( J, H, and K') images. These sources make up about 60% of the total N-band flux from He 2-10 and, we suspect, a similar fraction of the total far-infrared flux measured by IRAS.
   The inferred spectra of the UD H II regions are strikingly similar to those of Galactic ultracompact H II regions. We have modeled the radio and IR spectra of these UD H II regions under the assumption that they are scaled-up Galactic ultracompact H II regions. From this model, the bolometric luminosity of the brightest cluster alone is estimated to be similar to2x10(9) L(circle dot). The total mass of the dust and gas in this UD H II region is M(shell) approximate to 10(7) M(circle dot). We have also used the observed spectra to place constraints on the masses and ages of the stellar clusters enshrouded within the UD H II regions. For the brightest UD H II region, we find that the stellar mass must be M(cluster) greater than or similar to 2.5x10(6) M(circle dot), and the age must be less than or similar to4.8x10(6) yr, with the most probable age being. less than or similar to3.6x10(6) yr. If we assume that the region is pressure confined and enforce the requirement that the star formation efficiency must be less than 90%, we find that the age of this stellar cluster must lie within a very narrow range, 4x10(5) < tau < 5x10(6) yr. All the clusters within the UD H II regions in He 2-10 are estimated to have ages less than about 5x10(6) yr and masses greater than about 5x10(5) M(circle dot).
   We find that the logarithmic ratio of the radio to far-infrared flux densities, q, for the UD H II regions in He 2-10 is similar to4; qapproximate to2.6 for both He 2-10 as a whole and NGC 5253, another nearby starburst known to host UD H II regions. These values of q are significantly larger than the average q = 2.35 found for normal galaxies but are comparable to the values of q found for ultraluminous infrared galaxies. We suggest that large q values for starburst galaxies may indicate that a significant fraction of the far-infrared flux may arise from thermal dust emission from UD H II regions.
   Finally, the possibility that all the far-infrared flux from He 2-10 and other starburst galaxies may be produced by regions completely obscured at wavelengths as long as K' suggests that the well-known correlation between ultraviolet continuum slope and infrared-to-ultraviolet flux ratio in starbursts cannot be due entirely to reprocessing of ultraviolet radiation by dust in a foreground screen geometry. In fact, the dust that reddens the ultraviolet continuum slope must be largely decoupled from the dust that produces the large infrared fluxes in some starbursts.
C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Munich, Germany.
   Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Vacca, WD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Munich, Germany.
EM vacca@mpe.mpg.de; kjohnson@colorado.edu; pconti@jila.colorado.edu
NR 84
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 123
IS 2
BP 772
EP 788
DI 10.1086/338644
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 527WK
UT WOS:000174210800015
ER

PT J
AU Penton, SV
   Stocke, JT
   Shull, JM
AF Penton, SV
   Stocke, JT
   Shull, JM
TI The local Ly alpha forest. III. Relationship between Ly alpha absorbers
   and galaxies, voids, and superclusters
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies : halos; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines;
   ultraviolet : galaxies
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; LINE KEY PROJECT; SURFACE
   BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; LYMAN-ALPHA; ABSORPTION
   SYSTEMS; DARK-MATTER; GASEOUS EXTENT; 3C 273
AB In this paper we use large-angle, nearby galaxy redshift surveys to investigate the relationship between the 81 low-redshift Lyalpha absorbers in our Hubble Space Telescope GHRS survey and galaxies, superclusters, and voids. In a subsample of 46 Lyalpha absorbers located in regions where the 2000 February 8 CfA catalog is complete down to at least L* galaxies, the nearest galaxy neighbors range from 100 h(70)(-1) kpc to greater than 10 h(70)(-1). Mpc. Of these 46 absorbers, eight are found in galaxy voids. After correcting for path length and sensitivity, we find that 22%+/-8% of the Lyalpha absorbers lie in voids, which requires that at least some low column density absorbers are not extended halos of individual bright galaxies. The number density of these clouds yields a baryon fraction of 4.5%+/-1.5% in voids. The stronger Lyalpha absorbers (10(13.2)-10(15.4) cm(-2)) cluster with galaxies more weakly than galaxies cluster with each other, while the weaker absorbers (10(12.4)-10(13.2) cm(-2)) are more randomly distributed. The median distance from a low-z Lyalpha absorber in our sample to its nearest galaxy neighbor (similar to500 h(70)(-1) kpc) is twice the median distance between bright galaxies in the same survey volume. This makes any purported "association" between these Lyalpha absorbers and individual galaxies problematic. The suggested correlation between Lyalpha absorber equivalent width (W) and nearest galaxy impact parameter does not extend to W less than or equal to 200 mAngstrom or to impact parameters greater than 200 h(70)(-1) kpc. Instead, we find statistical support for the contention that absorbers align with large-scale filaments of galaxies. The pair of sight lines, 3C 273 and Q1230+0115, separated by 0degrees.9 on the sky, provides an example of eight absorbers and seven galaxies aligned along a possible filamentary structure at least 20 h(70)(-1) Mpc long. While some strong (W > 400 mAngstrom) Lyalpha absorbers may be gas in the extended gaseous halos of individual galaxies, much of the local Lyalpha "forest" appears to be associated with the large-scale structures of galaxies and some with voids.
C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM spenton@casa.colorado.edu; stocke@casa.colorado.edu;
   mshull@casa.colorado.edu
NR 55
TC 93
Z9 94
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 565
IS 2
BP 720
EP 742
DI 10.1086/324483
PN 1
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 520DP
UT WOS:000173765600007
ER

PT J
AU Gao, Y
   Nelson, ED
   Field, MP
   Ding, Q
   Li, H
   Sherrell, RM
   Gigliotti, CL
   Van Ry, DA
   Glenn, TR
   Eisenreich, SJ
AF Gao, Y
   Nelson, ED
   Field, MP
   Ding, Q
   Li, H
   Sherrell, RM
   Gigliotti, CL
   Van Ry, DA
   Glenn, TR
   Eisenreich, SJ
TI Characterization of atmospheric trace elements on PM(2.5) particulate
   matter over the New York-New Jersey harbor estuary
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE New York-New Jersey harbor atmosphere; PM2.5 particulate matters; trace
   elements; aerosol characteristics
ID WET DEPOSITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; NORTH-SEA; METALS;
   BERMUDA; WATER; AIR; CHEMISTRY; ATLANTIC
AB The purpose of this work is to characterize trace elements associated with atmospheric particulate matter of 2.5 mum and smaller in Size (PM(2.5)) over the New York New Jersey (NY-NJ) Harbor Bight. Using low-volume PM(2.5) samplers, aerosol particulate samples were simultaneously collected for the first time at three locations in the region, Sandy Hook in the coast, New Brunswick and Liberty Science Center (Jersey City) in nearby urban areas, during January 1998-January 1999. Sample analysis for trace elements was accomplished by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Many elements in ambient air exhibit strong spatial gradients from urban centers to the coast, and the concentrations of most elements at Liberty Science Center are significantly higher than at the other two locations. Seasonal patterns are not apparent for most elements at all locations, suggesting continuous contributions from their sources. The elements Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, V, Sb, are enriched by factors of 200 to 20,000 relative to their natural abundance in crustal soil. Major sources that contribute to the atmospheric loading of these elements include fossil fuel combustion, oil combustion, metal processing industry, and waste incineration. Atmospheric dry deposition of these trace elements associated with PM(2.5) to the coastal waters of the NY-NJ estuary may account for a significant portion of the total dry deposition fluxes for these elements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RP Gao, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM yuangao@splash.princeton.edu
NR 29
TC 167
Z9 183
U1 4
U2 42
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 36
IS 6
BP 1077
EP 1086
AR PII S1352-2310(01)00381-8
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00381-8
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 525NK
UT WOS:000174077700014
ER

PT J
AU Xu, HHK
   Quinn, JB
   Smith, DT
   Antonucci, JM
   Schumacher, GE
   Eichmiller, FC
AF Xu, HHK
   Quinn, JB
   Smith, DT
   Antonucci, JM
   Schumacher, GE
   Eichmiller, FC
TI Dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers - effects of
   whisker-to-silica ratio on fracture toughness and indentation properties
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE dental resin composite; reinforcement mechanisms; whisker-to-silica
   ratio; fracture toughness; elastic modulus; brittleness
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; FIBER COMPOSITES; HUMAN
   ENAMEL; HARDNESS; CERAMICS; MODULUS; INLAY; CONVERSION; WATER
AB Dental resin composites need to be strengthened in order to improve their performance in large stress-bearing applications Such as crowns and multiple-unit restorations. Recently, silica-fused ceramic whiskers were used to reinforce dental composites, and the whisker-to-silica ratio was found to be a key microstructural parameter that determined the composite strength. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of whisker-to-silica ratio on the fracture toughness. elastic modulus, hardness and brittleness of the composite. Silica particles and silicon carbide whiskers were mixed at whisker: silica mass ratios of 0:1, 1:5, 1:2, 1:1.2: 1.5:1, and 1:0. Each mixture was thermally fused. silanized and combined with a dental resin at a filler mass percentage of 60%. Fracture toughness was measured with a sin-ale-edge notched beam method. Elastic modulus and hardness were measured with a nano-indentation system. Whisker: silica ratio had significant effects on composite properties. The composite toughness (mean +/- SD; n = 9) at whisker: silica = 2:1 was (2.47 +/-0.28) MPa m(1/2) significantly higher than (1.02 +/-0.23) at whisker: silica = 0:1, (1.13 +/-0.19) of a prosthetic composite control, and (0.95 +/-0.11) of an inlay/onlay composite control (Tukey's at family confidence coefficient=0.95). Elastic modulus increased monotonically and hardness plateaued with increasing the whisker: silica ratio. Increasing the whisker: silica ratio also decreased the composite brittleness, which became about 1/3 of that of the inlay/onlay control. Electron microscopy revealed relatively flat fracture surfaces for the controls, but much rougher ones for the whisker composites. with fracture steps and whisker Pullout contributing to toughness. The whiskers appeared to be well-bonded with the matrix. probably due to the fused silica producing rough whisker surfaces. Reinforcement with silica-fused whiskers resulted in novel dental composites that possessed fracture toughness two times higher than, and brittleness less than half of current dental composites. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hlth Fdn, Amer Dent Assoc, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hlth Fdn, Amer Dent Assoc, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Bldg 224,Room A-153, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016
OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE12476]
NR 47
TC 43
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 23
IS 3
BP 735
EP 742
DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00178-8
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 500RF
UT WOS:000172640000013
PM 11774848
ER

PT J
AU Rabalais, NN
   Turner, RE
   Scavia, D
AF Rabalais, NN
   Turner, RE
   Scavia, D
TI Beyond science into policy: Gulf of Mexico hypoxia and the Mississippi
   River
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOTTOM WATER; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;
   CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NET PRODUCTIVITY; LOUISIANA; SEDIMENT; RESPONSES;
   NITROGEN; BUDGETS
C1 Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Rabalais, NN (reprint author), Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA.
OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269
NR 61
TC 315
Z9 338
U1 3
U2 89
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 52
IS 2
BP 129
EP 142
DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0129:BSIPGO]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 521KR
UT WOS:000173839600004
ER

PT J
AU Schultz, DM
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Trapp, RJ
   Horel, J
   Kingsmill, DE
   Dunn, LB
   Rust, WD
   Cheng, L
   Bansemer, A
   Cox, J
   Daugherty, J
   Jorgensen, DP
   Meitin, J
   Showell, L
   Smull, BF
   Tarp, K
   Trainor, M
AF Schultz, DM
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Trapp, RJ
   Horel, J
   Kingsmill, DE
   Dunn, LB
   Rust, WD
   Cheng, L
   Bansemer, A
   Cox, J
   Daugherty, J
   Jorgensen, DP
   Meitin, J
   Showell, L
   Smull, BF
   Tarp, K
   Trainor, M
TI Understanding Utah winter storms - The intermountain precipitation
   experiment
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAKE-EFFECT SNOWSTORMS; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FORECAST
   PROBLEMS; MESOSCALE-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; WEATHER;
   MOUNTAINS; RADAR
AB Winter storms and their prediction are of increasing importance throughout the region of the United States with the fastest growing population, the Inter-mountain West. Such storms can produce heavy orographic snowfall, lake-effect snowbands, and even lightning. Unfortunately, precipitation forecast skill is lower over the Intermountain West than other regions of the country because of the complex topography, the lack or limited utility of upstream and in situ data, and insufficient understanding of storm and precipitation processes.
   The Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX) is a research program designed to improve the understanding, analysis, and prediction of precipitation over the complex topography of the Intermountain West. The field phase of this research program was held in northern Utah in February 2000. During this time, seven storms were observed, including the heaviest snowfall to strike the Wasatch Mountains in two years, a tornadic bow echo associated with a strong cold front, a mesoscale snowband in Tooele Valley, and three other storms with locally heavy orographic snowfall and complex mesoscale circulations. Some of these storms were electrified and produced lightning.
   This paper reviews the weather of the Intermountain West, describes the experimental setup and the outreach activities of IPEX, and presents preliminary results from the field phase. Finally, lessons learned in planning and executing this field program are discussed.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
   Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   NOAA, Cooperat Inst Atmospher Sci & Terr Applicat, Boulder, CO USA.
   Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA.
   NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
   NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
   NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   NOAA, Weather Patterns, Norman, OK USA.
   NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010
OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975
NR 85
TC 38
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 2
BP 189
EP +
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0189:UUWSTI>2.3.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 526TT
UT WOS:000174146300014
ER

PT J
AU Horel, J
   Splitt, M
   Dunn, L
   Pechmann, J
   White, B
   Ciliberti, C
   Lazarus, S
   Slemmer, J
   Zaff, D
   Burks, J
AF Horel, J
   Splitt, M
   Dunn, L
   Pechmann, J
   White, B
   Ciliberti, C
   Lazarus, S
   Slemmer, J
   Zaff, D
   Burks, J
TI Mesowest: Cooperative mesonets in the western United States
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; OPPORTUNITIES; NETWORKS; SYSTEM
AB Meteorological data from over 2800 automated environmental monitoring stations in the western United States are collected, processed, archived, integrated, and disseminated as part of the MesoWest program. MesoWest depends upon voluntary access to provisional observations from environmental monitoring stations installed and maintained by federal, state, and local agencies and commercial firms. In many cases, collection and transmission of these observations are facilitated by NWS forecast offices, government laboratories, and universities. MesoWest augments the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network maintained by the NWS, Federal Aviation Administration, and Department of Defense. MesoWest increases the coverage of observations in remote locations and helps capture many of the local and mesoscale weather phenomena that impact the public.
   The primary goal of MesoWest is to improve timely access to automated observations for NWS forecasters at offices throughout the western United States. In addition, integration of the observations into analyses of surface conditions at high spatial and temporal resolution provides additional tools for nowcasts and forecast verification. MesoWest observations are being used for many other applications, including input to operational and research models and research and education on weather processes in the western United States.
C1 Univ Utah, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   WSFO, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
   Salt Lake City NWS CSWU, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Natl Weather Serv, Sci Serv Div, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Horel, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 145 S 1460 E Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
OI Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100; Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059
NR 32
TC 107
Z9 107
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 2
BP 211
EP +
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0211:MCMITW>2.3.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 526TT
UT WOS:000174146300015
ER

PT J
AU Horel, J
   Potter, T
   Dunn, L
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Eubank, M
   Splitt, M
   Onton, DJ
AF Horel, J
   Potter, T
   Dunn, L
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Eubank, M
   Splitt, M
   Onton, DJ
TI Weather support for the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-SALT-LAKE; FORECAST MODEL
AB The 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games will be hosted by Salt Lake City, Utah, during February-March 2002. Adverse weather during this period may delay sporting events, while snow and ice-covered streets and highways may impede access by the athletes and spectators to the venues. While winter snowstorms and other large-scale weather systems typically have widespread impacts throughout northern Utah, hazardous winter weather is often related to local terrain features (the Wasatch Mountains and Great Salt Lake are the most prominent ones). Examples of such hazardous weather include lake-effect snowstorms, ice fog, gap winds, downslope windstorms, and low visibility over mountain passes.
   A weather support system has been developed to provide weather information to the athletes, games officials, spectators, and the interested public around the world. This system is managed by the Salt Lake Olympic Committee and relies upon meteorologists from the public, private, and academic sectors of the atmospheric science community. Weather forecasting duties will be led by National Weather Service forecasters and a team of private weather forecasters organized by KSL, the Salt Lake City NBC television affiliate. Other government agencies, commercial firms, and the University of Utah are providing specialized forecasts and support services for the Olympics. The weather support system developed for the 2002 Winter Olympics is expected to provide long-term benefits to the public through improved understanding, monitoring, and prediction of winter weather in the Intermountain West.
C1 Univ Utah, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   Salt Lake City Weather Forecast Off, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   KSL, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Horel, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 145 S 1460 E,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
OI Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100
NR 20
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 2
BP 227
EP +
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0227:WSFTWO>2.3.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 526TT
UT WOS:000174146300016
ER

PT J
AU Uttal, T
   Curry, JA
   McPhee, MG
   Perovich, DK
   Moritz, RE
   Maslanik, JA
   Guest, PS
   Stern, HL
   Moore, JA
   Turenne, R
   Heiberg, A
   Serreze, MC
   Wylie, DP
   Persson, OG
   Paulson, CA
   Halle, C
   Morison, JH
   Wheeler, PA
   Makshtas, A
   Welch, H
   Shupe, MD
   Intrieri, JM
   Stamnes, K
   Lindsey, RW
   Pinkel, R
   Pegau, WS
   Stanton, TP
   Grenfeld, TC
AF Uttal, T
   Curry, JA
   McPhee, MG
   Perovich, DK
   Moritz, RE
   Maslanik, JA
   Guest, PS
   Stern, HL
   Moore, JA
   Turenne, R
   Heiberg, A
   Serreze, MC
   Wylie, DP
   Persson, OG
   Paulson, CA
   Halle, C
   Morison, JH
   Wheeler, PA
   Makshtas, A
   Welch, H
   Shupe, MD
   Intrieri, JM
   Stamnes, K
   Lindsey, RW
   Pinkel, R
   Pegau, WS
   Stanton, TP
   Grenfeld, TC
TI Surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-LAYER; ICE; CLOUD; SEA; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; DATASET; ISCCP
AB A summary is presented of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project, with a focus on the field experiment that was conducted from October 1997 to October 1998. The primary objective of the field work was to collect ocean, ice, and atmospheric datasets over a full annual cycle that could be used to understand the processes controlling surface heat exchanges-in particular, the ice-albedo feedback and cloud-radiation feedback. This information is being used to improve formulations of arctic ice-ocean-atmosphere processes in climate models and thereby improve simulations of present and future arctic climate. The experiment was deployed from an ice breaker that was frozen into the ice pack and allowed to drift for the duration of the experiment. This research platform allowed the use of an extensive suite of instruments that directly measured ocean, atmosphere, and ice properties from both the ship and the ice pack in the immediate vicinity of the ship. This summary describes the project goals, experimental design, instrumentation, and the resulting datasets. Examples of various data products available from the SHEBA project are presented.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA USA.
   USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
   Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
   Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
   Canadian Coast Guard, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
   Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
   Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA.
   Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
   Stevens Inst Technol, Maplewood, NJ USA.
RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R E ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM taneil.uttal@noaa.gov
RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015
OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; 
NR 40
TC 264
Z9 272
U1 6
U2 34
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 83
IS 2
BP 255
EP 275
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0255:SHBOTA>2.3.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 526TT
UT WOS:000174146300019
ER

PT J
AU Spencer, PD
   Wilderbuer, TK
   Zhang, CI
AF Spencer, PD
   Wilderbuer, TK
   Zhang, CI
TI A mixed-species yield model for eastern Bering Sea shelf flatfish
   fisheries
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAWL FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT
AB A variety of eastern Bering Sea (EBS) flatfish including yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon), and Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus), co-occur in various degrees in EBS trawl fisheries, impeding attempts to obtain single-species management targets. A further complication is the bycatch of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis); halibut bycatch limits, rather than single-species catch quotas, have been the primary factor regulating EBS flatfish harvest in recent years. To examine bycatch interactions among the EBS flatfish listed above, an equilibrium mixed-species multifishery model was developed. Equilibrium yield curves, scaled by recent average recruitment, are flat topped or asymptotically increasing, reflecting low fishing selectivity during the first several years of life and low growth relative to natural mortality. A linear programming analysis indicated that relaxation of the halibut bycatch constraint at the optimal solution of catch by fishery would produce approximately 20 times more flatfish yield than a similar relaxation of any flatfish catch quota. A strategy for establishing halibut bycatch limits that considers the foregone revenue in the halibut and flatfish trawl fisheries reveals how the choice of halibut bycatch limit is affected by the management goal for the flatfish complex.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 34
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 2
BP 291
EP 302
DI 10.1039/F02-012
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 530AW
UT WOS:000174334300010
ER

PT J
AU Millar, RB
   Methot, RD
AF Millar, RB
   Methot, RD
TI Age-structured meta-analysis of US West Coast rockfish (Scorpaenidae)
   populations and hierarchical modeling of trawl survey catchabilities
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSEMBLAGES; WASHINGTON; OREGON
AB The swept-area estimates of biomass from the triennial groundfish trawl surveys on the shelf of the U.S. West Coast are believed to seriously underestimate rockfish (Scorpaenidae) stock biomasses. The bulk catchability (Q), defined to be the ratio between swept-area biomass and actual biomass, is herein modeled using a Bayesian age-structured meta-analysis of suitable West Coast rockfish stocks. Six shelf stocks of rockfish were used. The posterior distribution of Q was insensitive to choice of prior and gives a probability of about 0.05 that the bulk catchability of a randomly selected shelf rockfish species will be unity or higher. Between survey variability in bulk catchabilities was modeled as a multiplicative main effect. With individual posterior probabilities in excess of 0.99, bulk catchabilities were lower than normal in 1977 and 1980 and higher than normal in 1989 and 1998. The low catchabilities in 1977 and 1980 are consistent with previously identified problems with lack of bottom contact in the earlier years of the survey. Future work will extend the model to incorporate dynamic modeling of unassessed rockfish stocks, and suggestions for this are given.
C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Millar, RB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
RI Millar, Russell/D-3528-2009
NR 19
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 2
BP 383
EP 392
DI 10.1139/f02-009
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 530AW
UT WOS:000174334300018
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, AH
   Laesecke, A
AF Harvey, AH
   Laesecke, A
TI Fluid properties and new technologies: Connecting design with reality
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATIONS; REVOLUTION; MODELS
AB Addressing the challenges outlined here will help ensure that engineers of the future have the data they need.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Theory & Modeling Fluids Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Theory & Modeling Fluids Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA
SN 0360-7275
J9 CHEM ENG PROG
JI Chem. Eng. Prog.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 98
IS 2
BP 34
EP 41
PG 8
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 522XJ
UT WOS:000173922000025
ER

PT J
AU Zanetti, M
   Kashiwagi, T
   Falqui, L
   Camino, G
AF Zanetti, M
   Kashiwagi, T
   Falqui, L
   Camino, G
TI Cone calorimeter combustion and gasification studies of polymer layered
   silicate nanocomposites
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
AB Polymer composites based on organically modified phyllosilicates (organoclay) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) were prepared by melt processing to study their combustion behavior. Their degrees of dispersion and intercalation spacings as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were typical of either a microcomposite or an exfoliated nanocomposite, depending on the type of organoclay. Combustion experiments showed that the microcomposite burns in the same way as pure EVA, whereas the heat release is reduced by 70-80% when nanocomposites with low silicate loadings (2-5%) are burned, because a protective charred ceramic surface layer is formed as a result of reassembly of the clay layers and catalyzed charring of the polymer. A chemical mechanism for this charring is proposed.
C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
   NIST, Fire Sci Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   CNR, Ist Studi Chim Fis Macromol Sintet & Nat, IMAG, I-16149 Genoa, Italy.
RP Camino, G (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, Via P Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
RI Zanetti, Marco/A-3230-2009
OI Zanetti, Marco/0000-0001-7074-9859
NR 21
TC 286
Z9 293
U1 2
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 14
IS 2
BP 881
EP 887
DI 10.1021/cm011236k
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 524EC
UT WOS:000173998500061
ER

PT J
AU Wang, FJ
   Mills, JJ
   Devarajan, V
AF Wang, FJ
   Mills, JJ
   Devarajan, V
TI A conceptual approach managing design resource
SO COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE design reuse; design resource management; continuous product
   development; collaborative design
ID LIBRARIES; CAD
AB This paper proposes a conceptual approach for managing design resources which supports continuous product development and collaborative design. Most of the current product design exists in the form of CAD files that contain geometry-oriented product data. This data is not sufficient for reuse in the design of a new product. This paper proposes an enhanced product model which is understandable, customzable and reusable. A model enhancer (ME) helps to transfer the CAD model into this enhanced model which is a reusable design resource, The ME is implemented as a software component, so that its exposed methods can be reused at the programming level. We believe that this approach to design resource management (DRM) will benefit modern product development. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
RP Wang, FJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Mail Stop 8263,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Chen, Changyu/G-9346-2011
NR 47
TC 26
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-3615
J9 COMPUT IND
JI Comput. Ind.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 47
IS 2
BP 169
EP 183
AR PII S0166-3615(01)00149-X
DI 10.1016/S0166-3615(01)00149-X
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA 522KC
UT WOS:000173894300003
ER

PT J
AU Kalinowski, ST
   Waples, RS
AF Kalinowski, ST
   Waples, RS
TI Relationship of effective to census size in fluctuating populations
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FECUNDITY
AB The effective size of a population (N-e) rather than the census size (N) determines its rate of genetic drift, Knowing the ratio of effective to census size, N-e/N, is useful for estimating the effective size of a population from census data and for examining how different ecological factors influence effective size. Two different multigenerational ratios have been used in the literature based on either the arithmetic mean or the harmonic mean in the denominator. We clarify the interpretation and meaning of these ratios, The arithmetic mean N-e/N ratio compares the total number of real individuals to the long-term effective size of the population. The harmonic mean N-e/N ratio summarizes variation in the N-e/N ratio for each generation. In addition, we show that the ratio of the harmonic mean population size to the arithmetic mean population size provides a useful measure of both much fluctuation in size reduced the effective size of a population. We discuss applications of these ratios and emphasize how to use the harmonic mean N-e/N ratio to estimate the effective size of a population over a period of time for which census counts have been collected.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Kalinowski, ST (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RI Kalinowski, Steven/A-7607-2008; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
NR 17
TC 74
Z9 76
U1 4
U2 31
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 1
BP 129
EP 136
DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00134.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 519KX
UT WOS:000173726400013
ER

PT J
AU Harlan, JA
   Swearer, SE
   Leben, RR
   Fox, CA
AF Harlan, JA
   Swearer, SE
   Leben, RR
   Fox, CA
TI Surface circulation in a Caribbean island wake
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE larval settlement; topographic effects; oceanic islands; coral reefs;
   Caribbean
ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; OCEANIC ISLAND; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; EDDY FORMATION; TUNA
   LARVAE; FLOW PAST; SEA; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; RADAR
AB Flow disturbances caused by islands can have important biological effects on coastal marine ecosystems. In order to measure the surface current circulation in the lee of the Caribbean island of St. Croix, we deployed a high-frequency radar system for approximately 3 months which provided hourly current vectors, obtained over approximately 600 km 2 with I km resolution. Here, we report two of the principal physical observations. First. contrary to expectations from Computed Reynolds numbers, no wake eddies were formed. Using a horizontal eddy viscosity of 100 m(2) s(-1), Reynolds numbers often exceeded 80, large enough to produce wake eddies in rotating laboratory flow studies and in numerical modelling experiments. Although no wake eddy formation was observed, a persistent nearshore convergence region of weak currents off the northwest coast was present, This suggests that slightly larger values of horizontal eddy viscosity may be appropriate for circulation models of this region. Second, anomalously strong eastward flows were occasionally observed that were not driven by any local wind change. We present evidence from satellite altimetry which indicates that this type of event is caused by an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy centered south of the island. Such nearshore convergence regions and anticyclonic eddies may have strong effects on the retention and dispersal of larvae of coral reef fishes among islands within the Caribbean region. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Harlan, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010; 
OI Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515; SWEARER, STEPHEN/0000-0001-6381-9943
NR 54
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 3
BP 417
EP 434
AR PII S0278-4343(01)00073-5
DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00073-5
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 533XL
UT WOS:000174555500003
ER

PT J
AU Johns, WE
   Townsend, TL
   Fratantoni, DM
   Wilson, WD
AF Johns, WE
   Townsend, TL
   Fratantoni, DM
   Wilson, WD
TI On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean Sea; circulation; transports
ID NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; ANEGADA-JUNGFERN PASSAGE; FLORIDA CURRENT; CURRENT
   RETROFLECTION; WESTERN BOUNDARY; EDDY VARIABILITY; ANNUAL CYCLE; WIND
   STRESS; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN
AB New observations are summarized that lead to the first comprehensive description of the mean inflow distribution in the passages connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. The total Caribbean inflow of 28 Sv is shown to be partitioned approximately equally between the Windward Islands Passages (similar to 10 Sv). Leeward Islands Passages (similar to 8 Sv), and the Greater Antilles Passages (similar to 10 Sv). These results are compared to a numerical model study using a 6-layer, 1/4degrees resolution Atlantic Basin version of the NRL Layered Ocean Model. Results from two simulations are described, including a purely wind-forced model driven by Hellerman and Rosenstein (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13 (1983) 1093) monthly winds, and a model with an additional 14 Sv meridional overturning cell driven by inflow/outflow ports at the northern (65degreesN) and southern (20degreesS) model boundaries. The purely wind-driven version of the model exhibits a total Caribbean inflow of 17 Sv, consistent with expectations from steady, non-topographic Sverdrup theory. Nearly all of the wind-driven inflow occurs north of Martinique at latitude similar to 15degreesN. The net transport through the Lesser Antilles passages south of 15degreesN (Grenada, St. Vincent, and St. Lucia passages) is nearly zero when the model is forced by winds alone. The addition of a 14 Sv meridional cell in the model increases the net Caribbean inflow to 28 Sv, with nearly all of the additional 11 Sv of inflow entering through the southern Lesser Antilles passages. The modeled inflow distribution resulting from the combined wind and overturning forced experiment is found to compare favorably with the observations.
   The seasonal cycle of the total inflow in the combined forcing experiment has a mixed annual/semiannual character with maximum in spring and summer and minimum in fall, with a total range of about 4 Sv. The seasonal cycle of the Florida Current resulting from this inflow variation is in good qualitative agreement with observations. Most of the seasonal inflow variation occurs through the Windward Islands passages in the far southern Caribbean, whose annual cycle slightly leads that of the Florida and Yucatan Currents. Variability of the modeled inflow on shorter time scales shows a dramatic change in character moving northward along the Antilles arc. The southern passages exhibit large fluctuations on 30-80 day time scales, which decay to very small amplitudes north of Dominica. Much of this variability is caused by North Brazil Current Rings that propagate northwestward from the equatorial Atlantic and interact with the abrupt island arc topography. The total range of transport variability in individual passages predicted by the model is consistent with observations. However, observations are presently too limited to confirm the seasonal cycles or variability spectra in the Caribbean passages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
   Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Johns, WE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Fratantoni, David/C-7121-2011
NR 75
TC 109
Z9 115
U1 1
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 2
BP 211
EP 243
DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00041-3
PG 33
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 516QU
UT WOS:000173568900001
ER

PT J
AU Fiedler, PC
AF Fiedler, PC
TI The annual cycle and biological effects of the Costa Rica Dome
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE equatorial circulation; trade winds; Ekman pumping; thermocline;
   biological production; annual variations
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; THERMAL DOMES; OCEAN; WIND; GENERATION;
   ATLANTIC; TEHUANTEPEC; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; NORTHERN
AB The Costa Rica Dome is similar to other tropical thermocline domes in several respects: it is part of an east-west thermocline ridge associated with the equatorial circulation, surfaced currents flow cyclonically around it, and its seasonal evolution is affected by large-scale wind patterns. The Costa Rica Dome is unique because it is also forced by a coastal wind jet. Monthly climatological fields of thermocline depth and physical forcing variables (wind stress curl and surface current divergence) were analyzed to examine the structure and seasonal evolution of the dome. The annual cycle of the dome can be explained by wind forcing in four stages: (1) coastal shoaling of the thermocline off the Gulf of Papagayo during February-April, forced by Ekman pumping on the equatorward side of the Papagayo wind jet; (2) separation from the coast during May-June when the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moves north to the countercurrent thermocline ridge, the wind jet stops, and the North Equatorial Countercurrent extends toward the coast on the equatorward flank of the ridge; (3) countercurrent thermocline ridging during July-November, when the dome expands to the west as the countercurrent thermocline ridge shoals beneath a band of cyclonic wind stress curl on the poleward side of the ITCZ; and (4) deepening during December-January when the, ITCZ moves south and strong trade winds blow over the dome. Coastal eddies may be involved in the coastal shoaling observed during February-March. A seasonally predictable, strong, and shallow thermocline makes the Costa Rica Dome a distinct biological habitat where phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass are higher than in surrounding tropical waters. The physical structure and biological productivity of the dome affect the distribution and feeding of whales and dolphins, probably through forage availability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
RP Fiedler, PC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
NR 37
TC 116
Z9 125
U1 0
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 49
IS 2
BP 321
EP 338
DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00057-7
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 516QU
UT WOS:000173568900006
ER

PT J
AU Zabel, RW
   Williams, JG
AF Zabel, RW
   Williams, JG
TI Selective mortality in chinook salmon: What is the role of human
   disturbance?
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE chinook salmon; endangered species, recovery planning; fish length;
   hydroelectric dams; effects on salmon; local adaptation; migration
   timing; Monte Carlo test; salmon vs. human disturbance; selection;
   selective mortality; fish length, migrational timing; Snake River
   (Pacific Northwest, USA)
ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
   SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHUM SALMON; COHO SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; FISH
   MIGRATIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIM SPEEDS
AB While many recovery programs for threatened species focus on acute sources of mortality, understanding some of the evolutionary processes of these species may lead to more effective recovery efforts, especially in cases where human-induced disturbances have resulted in artificial selection pressures. We developed a Monte Carlo test to determine whether Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) experienced selective mortality as a function of their juvenile length and timing of downstream migration. Actively migrating juvenile fish (smolts) were captured, tagged, and released in 1995 and 1996 approximately 700 km upstream from the Pacific Ocean, and returning adults were detected at the same location. We analyzed data from two groups of fish: those that migrated downstream in-river and those that were barged downstream as part of the juvenile salmon transportation program. These groups were further separated into wild and hatchery Fish. Length at release was significantly greater in returning adults than in the general population for fish that migrated downstream in-river (both wild and hatchery) or were transported (hatchery only). From the 1995 seaward migration, adult returns of both wild and hatchery fish that migrated in-river were composed of fish released significantly earlier than the general population. In contrast, the opposite trend existed for wild and hatchery transported fish. From the 1996 seaward migration, no significant difference in release date was found between returning adults and the original population for any of the groups analyzed. Fish length at migration is a result of factors encountered in early life stages but selectively determines mortality in the smolt-to-adult stage. Thus freshwater habitat improvements, such as salmon carcass supplementation, directed at increasing nutrient levels and thus fish length may result in an increase in overall survival. The development of hydroelectric dams in the migratory corridors of these fish has disrupted their arrival timing to the estuary. Mitigation efforts designed to shift arrival timing toward that experienced prior to impoundment may confer considerable survival benefits.
RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 69
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 2
U2 24
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 12
IS 1
BP 173
EP 183
DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0173:SMICSW]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 516JF
UT WOS:000173549600014
ER

PT J
AU Fonseca, M
   Whitfield, PE
   Kelly, NM
   Bell, SS
AF Fonseca, M
   Whitfield, PE
   Kelly, NM
   Bell, SS
TI Modeling seagrass landscape pattern and associated ecological attributes
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE ecological attributes; hydrodynamics; landscape pattern; resource
   management; scale; seagrass; water depth; waves
ID NORTH-CAROLINA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; LOW-ENERGY; BEDS; USA; FLORIDA;
   BAY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; BIOTURBATION
AB A predictive model for seagrass bed coverage (presence/absence at 1-m resolution) and ecological attributes of the bed, such as biomass and shoot density, would be a valuable management tool. But forming such a predictive model is complicated by a number of factors that strongly influence seagrass bed structure and our interpretation of its ecological function. The factors include the effects of waves and water depth (hydrodynamic setting) and the spatial and temporal scales of the sampling technique itself. In this study, we examined the coherence of predictions of seagrass cover and ecological attributes of temperate, mixed-species seagrass derived from two common sampling techniques, (video) line transect (commonly used by biologists) and grid-sampled surveys (often used in remote sensing). Mapping resolution was held constant at 1 m, and the two techniques applied across seagrass beds of varying coverage that reflected the effect of a hydrodynamic gradient ranging from patchy, high-energy beds to continuous cover, low-energy beds. We found that the prediction of seagrass coverage as a function of hydrodynamic setting can be improved not only by increasing the, spatial extent of sampling at a fixed resolution (1 m), but also by ensuring that data for both dependent (e.g., percent cover) and independent (e.g., wave exposure) variables are averaged over similar scales (spatial extent and resolution). Large-scale features of the landscape, such as, patches several meters in width, appeared to be best quantified by sampling over a large spatial extent, as with the video transects. Therefore, contiguous sampling over a broad spatial extent, as opposed to our numerous, somewhat smaller sampling (grid-sampled, 50 X 50 in areas) is the more appropriate strategy for predicting the probability of seagrass bed cover. Conversely, we found that ecological attributes of the seagrass bed (biomass, shoot density, and sediment composition) were best characterized by sampling over a shorter spatial extent (i.e., <50 m), indicating that very localized conditions may have influenced patterns of seagrass community attributes. Generalizing information about seagrass bed ecological attributes obtained from high-resolution samples (fine scale) taken over a broad spatial extent (coarse or landscape scale), as may occur with resource surveys and impact assessments, has the potential to be highly misleading, especially in patchy environments. The influence of sampling scale and survey method on the prediction of coverage and ecological attributes of seagrass beds reveals the need to carefully choose sampling designs to evaluate seagrass distribution and their associated ecological characteristics in the Beaufort, North Carolina (USA) area, and perhaps in other like habitats.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Coll Nat Resources, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RP Fonseca, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
NR 46
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 5
U2 34
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 12
IS 1
BP 218
EP 237
DI 10.2307/3061148
PG 20
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 516JF
UT WOS:000173549600018
ER

PT J
AU Stunz, GW
   Minello, TJ
   Levin, PS
AF Stunz, GW
   Minello, TJ
   Levin, PS
TI A comparison of early juvenile red drum densities among various habitat
   types in Galveston Bay, Texas
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTITATIVELY SAMPLING NEKTON; MARSH-EDGE FISHES; SALT-MARSH;
   SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ESTUARINE HABITATS; LOUISIANA
   ESTUARY; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; NORTH-CAROLINA; GROWTH
AB Seagrass meadows are often cited as important nursery areas for newly settled red drum even though many estuaries, such as Galveston Bay, Texas, support large numbers of red drum and have limited seagrass cover, suggesting the use of alternate nursery areas. We examined patterns of habitat use for newly settled red drum at six sampling areas in Galveston Bay, two areas had seagrass beds and four areas had no seagrass. We measured densities in different habitat types using epibenthic sleds and enclosure samplers. Peal, recruitment of young red drum to the estuary occurred during September through December. Highest densities of new settlers were found in seagrass meadows (primarily Halodule wrightii), but when seagrass was absent, the highest densities of red drum occurred along the Spartina alterniflora marsh edge interface. Densities were relatively low on nonvegetated bottom away from die marsh edge. We also examined density patterns in other habitat types at selected sampling areas and found no red drum within marsh vegetation away from the marsh edge interface (5 and 10 m into the marsh interior). Oyster reef Crassostrea virginica was sampled using lift nets, and we found no red drum using this habitat, although adjacent seagrass and marsh interface habitats were used. Even though red drum densities in marsh edge were low relative to seagrass, the large areal extent of marshes in the bay complex probably makes marsh edge the most important nursery habitat for red drum in Galveston Bay.
C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Ecol Branch, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
   NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Stunz, GW (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Ecol Branch, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
NR 60
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 21
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 25
IS 1
BP 76
EP 85
DI 10.1007/BF02696051
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 544FM
UT WOS:000175147600008
ER

PT J
AU Hess, KW
AF Hess, KW
TI Spatial interpolation of tidal data in irregularly-shaped coastal
   regions by numerical solution of Laplace's equation
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE tidal data; tide models; spatial distribution; tidal amplitude; phase;
   estuaries; San Francisco Bay
ID CURVATURE
AB A method was developed for spatially interpolating tidal constituent amplitude and phase data using the numerical solution of Laplace's equation. The solution matches the input data values at 'internal boundaries', i.e., locations that represent observation stations. The boundary condition at land-water interfaces assumes that the normal derivative is proportional to the spatially-averaged value of the derivative in the normal direction. By adjusting the constant of proportionality at land boundaries, realistic distributions were obtained. An equivalent solution field can also be reconstructed by generating a set of weighting functions, thereby minimizing the number of solution fields needed. The method was tested in a simple basin and the solution was evaluated for a variety of parameters such as cell size, grid orientation, and boundary proportionality constant. The method was then applied to San Francisco Bay and distributions of tidal constituent amplitudes and epochs were compared with those generated by a numerical circulation model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Off Coast Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Hess, KW (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Off Coast Survey, NOAA, 1315 East West Highway,Rm 7826, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 15
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 54
IS 2
BP 175
EP 192
DI 10.1006/ecss.2001.0838
PG 18
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 542KA
UT WOS:000175041100003
ER

PT J
AU Grull, H
   Esker, AR
   Satija, SK
   Han, CC
AF Grull, H
   Esker, AR
   Satija, SK
   Han, CC
TI Polymer transport across isotope-selective interdiffusion barriers
SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARKER MOVEMENT; DIFFUSION; FILMS; INTERFACE; MOBILITY; MELTS
AB Neutron reflectivity experiments were performed to study the interdiffusion of two compatible polymers, polystyrene and deuterated polystyrene, across a free-standing ultra-thin (60 Angstrom) interstitial membrane. Annealing above the glass transition temperature and quenching back to room temperature allows for a time-dependent study of the changing concentration pro le due to membrane-mediated interdiffusion. For the case of matched polymer molecular masses but different isotopic labeling, faster transport of the deuterated polymer across the interstitial layer is observed leading to displacement of the membrane. Varying the molecular mass and isotopic labeling of the top polymer layer provides information about the size discrimination and isotopic selectivity of the membrane.
C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands.
   Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Grull, H (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
   CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EUROPHYS LETT
JI Europhys. Lett.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 57
IS 4
BP 533
EP 539
DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00494-8
PG 7
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 522FN
UT WOS:000173885400010
ER

PT J
AU Bossart, GD
   Ewing, RY
   Lowe, M
   Sweat, M
   Decker, SJ
   Walsh, CJ
   Ghim, SJ
   Jenson, AB
AF Bossart, GD
   Ewing, RY
   Lowe, M
   Sweat, M
   Decker, SJ
   Walsh, CJ
   Ghim, SJ
   Jenson, AB
TI Viral papillomatosis in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus
   latirostris)
SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida manatees; papillomavirus; papillomatosis; immune suppression;
   endangered species
ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SEAL PHOCA-VITULINA; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS;
   PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION; FEATURES; EPITOPES; CELLS; SEQUENCES;
   RESPONSES
AB The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is one of the most endangered marine mammals in American coastal waters. Naturally resistant to infectious disease, the manatee immune system appears highly developed to protect it against the harsh marine environment and the effects of human-related injury. In 1997, seven captive Florida manatees developed multiple, cutaneous, pedunculated papillomas over a period of 6 months. Approximately 3 years later, four of the seven manatees developed multiple, cutaneous, sessile papillomas topically and clinically distinct from the initial lesions, some of which are still present. Histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features indicated that the two distinct phenotypic lesions were caused by papillomaviruses (PVs). Preliminary immunologic data correlated with daily clinical observations suggested that the manatees were immunologically suppressed and that the papillomas were caused by activation of latent PV infections and reinoculation from active infections. The emergence of PV-induced papillomas in captive manatees, the possibility of activation of latent infection or transmission of active infection to free-ranging manatees, and the underlying cause of immune suppression predisposing manatees to develop viral papillomatosis are serious concerns for the future management of this highly endangered species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science.
C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
   Miami Seaquarium, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Midway Anim Hosp, Homosassa, FL 34448 USA.
   Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Miami, FL 33101 USA.
   Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
   Western Penn Hosp, Cervical Canc Res Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA.
RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, 5600 US 1N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
NR 41
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0014-4800
J9 EXP MOL PATHOL
JI Exp. Mol. Pathol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 72
IS 1
BP 37
EP 48
DI 10.1006/exmp.2001.2407
PG 12
WC Pathology
SC Pathology
GA 517CE
UT WOS:000173592900005
PM 11784121
ER

PT J
AU Oswell, M
AF Oswell, M
TI Office for law enforcement - National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA
   Fisheries) - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Fisheries OLE, Washington, DC USA.
RP Oswell, M (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries OLE, Washington, DC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 27
IS 2
BP 35
EP 35
PG 1
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 542BK
UT WOS:000175023500014
ER

PT J
AU Arkoosh, MR
   Collier, TK
AF Arkoosh, MR
   Collier, TK
TI Ecological risk assessment paradigm for salmon: Analyzing immune
   function to evaluate risk
SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE salmon; contaminants; estuary; PCBs; PAHs; ecology
ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WASHINGTON; EXPOSURE; RECOVERY; ESTUARY; URBAN
AB Wild Pacific salmon populations are in serious decline, and as a result, a number of salmon stocks are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Our research identifies and supports the possibility that certain environmental contaminants can alter salmon survival, and as a result may contribute to these species being at risk. We have shown that juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as they migrate through a contaminated urban estuary in Puget Sound WA (the Duwamish Waterway estuary). Immune function was analyzed in these fish by examining the ability of their anterior kidney and splenic leukocytes to produce a primary and secondary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the hapten, trinitrophenyl (TNP), and by determining their susceptibility to a marine pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum. We found that fish outmigrating from the urban estuary produced a significantly lower PFC response to TNP and were more susceptible to the pathogen, compared to juvenile salmon collected from a rural estuary during their outmigration. In the laboratory, we exposed juvenile chinook salmon collected from a hatchery to either a PCB technical mixture or a PAH compound to determine if these contaminants have the potential to alter immune function in salmon. Indeed, we found that salmon exposed in the laboratory to either die PCB mixture or the PAH also produced lower PFC responses and were more susceptible to disease compared to animals treated with the solvent vehicle. In summary, contaminants such as PAHs and PCBs are demonstrated to influence salmon health, and thus have the potential to adversely impact salmon populations.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
NR 30
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 10
PU CRC PRESS LLC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
   USA
SN 1080-7039
J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS
JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 8
IS 2
BP 265
EP 276
DI 10.1080/20028091056908
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 527ZQ
UT WOS:000174218600006
ER

PT J
AU Noji, TT
   Noji, CIM
   Klungsoyr, J
AF Noji, TT
   Noji, CIM
   Klungsoyr, J
TI The role of sedimentation and resuspension for the transport of
   sediments and contaminants in the Skagerrak
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Skagerrak; organic contaminants; sedimentation; sediments; resuspension;
   hydrography
ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-SEA; ORGANIC-CARBON BURIAL; COASTAL WATERS;
   PHYTOPLANKTON; FLUXES
AB An investigation was conducted in winter of 1997/1998 in the Skagerrak off southern Norway to collect data on the influence of sedimentation and resuspension on the transport of organic contaminants. Data from the water column and sediments, as well as on sedimentation and current regime near the sea floor, indicated that the deposition of contaminants is a continual process. Deposition is subject not only to seasonal biological processes such as growth and sedimentation of the spring phytoplankton bloom, but also to hydrographic events such as surges in near-bottom currents causing sediment resuspension. Contaminants at the sea floor may be transported considerable distances. It is suggested that in simplest terms, this transport can be envisaged as a conveyor belt skipping along the seabed. The dominant iterative processes regulating this near-bottom transport are sedimentation, resuspension and advection. In this way, particles and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as other hydrophobic contaminants, may be transported over hundreds of kilometers.
C1 Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
RP Noji, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, NMFS, NEFSC, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RI Wood, Chris/I-5638-2012
NR 40
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 469
IS 1-3
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1023/A:1015511207716
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 554YM
UT WOS:000175764800010
ER

PT J
AU Megrey, BA
   Hinckley, S
   Dobbins, EL
AF Megrey, BA
   Hinckley, S
   Dobbins, EL
TI Using scientific visualization tools to facilitate analysis of
   multi-dimensional data from a spatially explicit, biophysical,
   individual-based model of marine fish early life history
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE biophysical simulation model; data visualization; fish larvae;
   scientific computing
ID PLANKTON CONTACT RATES; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL;
   OF-ALASKA SHELF; CIRCULATION
AB Individual-based models (IBM), as an ecological modeling paradigm, are being used widely in the analysis of fish populations in marine ecosystems. The flexibility and power of IBMs with respect to building detailed and realistic biological models have encouraged recent and important extensions, which include explicit spatial dynamics and biophysical forcing of certain life stage processes. Unfortunately, the usefulness of individual-based numerical simulation models is often negated by the difficulty in digesting and analyzing their voluminous and complicated output. Scientific visualization tools offer the capability to remedy this problem. In this paper we briefly describe our spatially explicit, biophysical, individual-based model, its data input and output characteristics and the off-the-shelf visualization tools we used to help facilitate analysis and interpretation of the model. A stand-alone, easy-to-use, post-processing, graphic user interface is described that permits rapid examination and integrated visualization of mufti-dimensional model output. Specific examples are provided showing how scientific visualization, as a research tool, provided valuable assistance in untangling complex model dynamics assisted with diagnostic analyses related to model validation, helped investigate trends, and apparent oddities in the data, and facilitated the communication of model results.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
OI Dobbins, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4014-977X
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 59
IS 1
BP 203
EP 215
DI 10.1006/jmsc.2001.1150
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 513BV
UT WOS:000173358800019
ER

PT J
AU Gharavi, H
AF Gharavi, H
TI Pilot-assisted 16-level QAM for wireless video
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE QAM modulations; unequal error protection; video partitioning; wireless
   video; 16-QAM
AB This paper presents a twin-class transmission system for narrowband radio access channels suitable for handheld video phone and multimedia portable PC applications. The transmission system is comprised of a hierarchical 16-QAM modulation technique and a channel-coding scheme. The formation of dual-priority transmission is due to differing error resiliencies of the bits that make up a given symbol in a Gray-coded 16-QAM. On this basis, a twin-class pilot-assisted fade-estimation technique that can gracefully reduce the power loss caused by the transmission of pilot overhead is developed. The twin-class 16-QAM system Is then used to transport a compressed video bitstream, which is partitioned to match the bit-error sensitivity of the transmitted symbol. The partitioning scheme is based on a separation of the variable-length (VL) coded discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients within each DCT block. This partitioning scheme is then applied to split the ITU-T H.263-coded bitstream. The scheme is suitable for constant bit-rate transmission (CBR), where the fraction of bits assigned to each of the two partitions can be adjusted according to the requirements of the unequal error protection scheme employed. The distribution of the VL-coded (VLC) information amongst the two partitions is performed adaptively. Finally, the performance of the partitioning scheme for transmission of video signals using our twin-class 16-QAM transmission system is evaluated under multipath fading conditions.
C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 1051-8215
J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID
JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 12
IS 2
BP 77
EP 89
AR PII S1051-8215(02)02017-7
DI 10.1109/76.988655
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 527EG
UT WOS:000174173300001
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, CL
   Wilson, PF
AF Holloway, CL
   Wilson, PF
TI Foreword - Special issue honors Dr. Motohisa Kanda
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 2
EP 3
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01451-5
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2002.990703
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900001
ER

PT J
AU Ladbury, JM
   Camell, DG
AF Ladbury, JM
   Camell, DG
TI Electrically short dipoles with a nonlinear load, a revisited analysis
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE analytical; diode; dipole; electric field; electrically short;
   nonlinear; numerical; probe
AB We reexamine the characteristics of electrically short dipoles with nonlinear loads and, specifically, the early work of Motohisa Kanda. Although this topic has been examined in great detail in the past, some inconsistencies between numerical and analytical results are apparent, and these have not been previously addressed. We show that these inconsistencies were due to only periodic sampling of the analytic solution, and an insufficient number of iterations in the numerical solutions, and we give corrected results. Additionally, some of the more significant analytical results, which were once thought to be impractical due to their complexity, are numerically implemented. We also show that a simple approximation accurately describes the behavior of these electrically short dipoles over a wide range of frequency and amplitude.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Ladbury, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 38
EP 44
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01457-6
DI 10.1109/15.990709
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900007
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, PF
   Hill, DA
   Holloway, CL
AF Wilson, PF
   Hill, DA
   Holloway, CL
TI On determining the maximum emissions from electrically large sources
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE directivity; electrically large source; emission testing; quality
   factor; reverberation chamber; three-loop method; total radiated power
ID REFLECTION
AB This paper examines the use of measurements of the total radiated power from an arbitrary source, combined with theory-based estimates of directivity or quality factor, to accurately predict the maximum electric field radiated by the source either at a line-of-sight distance or in a resonant volume. The approach using total radiated power avoids source rotations during testing and is an efficient alternative to current emission test methods. Examples of simulated (random source set) and measured (box with holes) planar-cut radiation-patterns for electrically large sources are presented. Both simulated and measure data agree well with theoretical estimates.
C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wilson, PF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 18
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 79
EP 86
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01458-8
DI 10.1109/15.990713
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900011
ER

PT J
AU Corona, P
   Ladbury, J
   Latmiral, G
AF Corona, P
   Ladbury, J
   Latmiral, G
TI Reverberation-chamber research - Then and now: A review of early work
   and comparison with current understanding
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Review
DE chamber; distributions; electromagnetic; mode-stirred; mode-tuned;
   reverberating; reverberation; statistical; stirring
AB The heart of this paper is an English translation (from the original Italian) of an early (1976) paper. Interspersed with this translation is an original critical review (printed in normal text) of the paper. Much of the current theory, models, and analysis techniques associated with reverberation chambers can be directly traced to the original paper by Corona and Latmiral. The paper also contained a number of interesting suggestions and applications that would make excellent research topics. The original paper is considered a classic, even though (prior to this publication), an English translation is difficult to locate and reference. Publication of this translation will help establish some of the origins of reverberation-chamber concepts that we now take for granted.
C1 Univ Naples, Inst Navale, Inst Electromagnet Waves, I-80133 Naples, Italy.
   NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Corona, P (reprint author), Univ Naples, Inst Navale, Inst Electromagnet Waves, I-80133 Naples, Italy.
NR 35
TC 47
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 87
EP 94
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01445-X
DI 10.1109/15.990714
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900012
ER

PT J
AU Hill, DA
   Ladbury, JM
AF Hill, DA
   Ladbury, JM
TI Spatial-correlation functions of fields and energy density in a
   reverberation chamber
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE electric field; energy density; magnetic field; power density;
   reverberation chamber; spatial correlation function
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; DIPOLE
AB A plane-wave integral representation is used to derive spatial correlation functions for the complex electric and magnetic field components, and the results agree with previously published results derived by volume averaging of a mode sum. Results are also presented for the correlation functions of squared electric and magnetic field components and electric, magnetic, and total energy densities. The theory for the spatial correlation function of the squared transverse electric field is shown to agree well with published measurements of the power received by transverse monopole antennas.
C1 NIST, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hill, DA (reprint author), NIST, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 20
TC 61
Z9 65
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 95
EP 101
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01444-8
DI 10.1109/15.990715
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900013
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, CL
   McKenna, PM
   Dalke, RA
   Perala, RA
   Devor, CL
AF Holloway, CL
   McKenna, PM
   Dalke, RA
   Perala, RA
   Devor, CL
TI Time-domain modeling, characterization, and measurements of anechoic and
   semi-anechoic electromagnetic test chambers
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE anechoic chambers; chamber predictions and diagnoses; finite-difference
   time-domain (FDTD) modeling; modal field distribution; time-domain
   characterization
ID PYRAMID ABSORBER ARRAYS; LOW-FREQUENCY MODEL; APPROXIMATION; SCATTERING;
   EQUATIONS; WEDGE
AB We present time-domain techniques for modeling, characterizing, and measuring anechoic and semi-anechoic chambers used for emission and immunity testing of digital devices. The finite difference time-domain (FDTD) approach is used to model and characterize these chambers. In the FDTD model presented here, we discuss methods used to eliminate the need to spatially resolve the fine detail of the absorbing structures; present a differential-operator approach for incorporating both frequency-dependent permittivity and permeability into the time domain; and discuss the effects of gaps and holes in ferrite-tile absorbers on both absorber and chamber performance. Comparisons of the FDTD chamber model with measured data for different chamber sizes are presented. Finally, we discuss and illustrate how time-domain techniques can be used to characterize chambers, predict performance, and diagnose problems with both absorbers and chambers. With time-domain and frequency-domain techniques, we show how the performance of chambers can be significantly altered with only small changes in the type of absorbing structure used, and we illustrate how undesirable modal field distributions can occur inside a chamber when a nonoptimal absorber is used.
C1 NIST, US Dept Commerce, RF Technol Div, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Electro Magnet Applicat Inc, Denver, CO 80226 USA.
   Paul E Lehman Inc, Chamberburg, PA 17201 USA.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, RF Technol Div, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 48
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 1
BP 102
EP 118
AR PII S0018-9375(02)01443-6
DI 10.1109/15.990716
PG 17
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 531VX
UT WOS:000174438900014
ER

PT J
AU Wang, CM
   Hale, PD
   Coakley, KJ
   Clement, TS
AF Wang, CM
   Hale, PD
   Coakley, KJ
   Clement, TS
TI Uncertainty of oscilloscope timebase distortion estimate
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE curve fitting; harmonic distortion; least squares methods; mean square
   error methods; timing jitter
ID DATA-ACQUISITION CHANNELS; FITTING PROCEDURE; BASE DISTORTION
AB We study several problems related to the characterization of the timebase in high-speed sampling oscilloscopes. First, we examine the bias of using the method of the first-order approximation to estimate the additive and time jitter noises, and present a procedure to adjust for the bias in the estimates. We then study the bias and variance of a least-squares timebase distortion estimate that uses multiple sets of waveforms. Based on simulations, a method for calculating the uncertainty of the timebase distortion estimate is proposed. We also study the effects of amplitude and phase drifts, as well as jitter error on the estimation of timebase distortion. Results are shown using simulations with parameters that are closely related to those we observe in our laboratory.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI Clement, Tracy/A-8885-2008; Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013
NR 10
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 51
IS 1
BP 53
EP 58
AR PII S0018-9456(02)01388-8
DI 10.1109/19.989897
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 531JU
UT WOS:000174412900009
ER

PT J
AU Mitchell, TB
   Bollinger, JJ
   Itano, WM
   Kriesel, JM
   Dubin, DHE
AF Mitchell, TB
   Bollinger, JJ
   Itano, WM
   Kriesel, JM
   Dubin, DHE
TI Doppler velocimetry of cryogenic ion plasmas
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Doppler measurements; fluorescence spectroscopy; laser cooling; plasmas;
   waves
ID MODES; TRAP
AB We describe a technique and present results for imaging wakes and modes excited in a laser-cooled plasma of Be-9(+) ions in a cylindrical Penning trap. Wakes are created by an off-axis laser "push" beam, while individual modes are excited by sinusoidally time-varying potentials applied to the trap endcaps. Variations in ion velocities are imaged by changes in the ion fluorescence due to Doppler shifts. A comparison between theory and experiment shows good agreement.
C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Mitchell, TB (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 30
IS 1
BP 16
EP 17
DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003901
PN 1
PG 2
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 556JP
UT WOS:000175845900007
ER

PT J
AU Silva, TJ
   Pufall, MR
   Kabos, P
AF Silva, TJ
   Pufall, MR
   Kabos, P
TI Nonlinear magneto-optic measurement of flux propagation dynamics in thin
   Permalloy films
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; GENERATION; HEADS
AB Time-resolved nonlinear optics are used to study the propagation of magnetic flux pulses in a 250 nm Permalloy film. The flux is generated in the film by coupling it to a coplanar waveguide structure driven with broadband voltage pulses. Flux pulses propagated in the film with a phase velocity of 4.2x10(5) m/s and a group velocity of 1.5x10(5) m/s. Both velocities are consistent with the predictions of Damon-Eshbach theory for magnetostatic surface waves with 200-300 mum wavelengths. Within 100 mum of the excitation source, flux pulses decayed monotonically but with no measurable delay. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Silva, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013
OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 91
IS 3
BP 1066
EP 1073
DI 10.1063/1.1421040
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 514CF
UT WOS:000173418500025
ER

PT J
AU Geer, RE
   Wu, D
   Wollman, DA
AF Geer, RE
   Wu, D
   Wollman, DA
TI High-resolution energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis of
   ultrathin ion diffusion barriers using microcalorimetry
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; MICROANALYSIS; SPECTROMETER
AB The advent of microcalorimetry for x-ray detectors holds the promise for high-resolution compositional microanalysis applicable to nanometer-scale devices and structures. To demonstrate this capability, microcalorimeter-based energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has been used to analyze ultrathin TaSiN films under development as ion diffusion barriers in sub-0.1 mum integrated circuit interconnect structures. Microanalysis of TaSiN films has been carried out using microcalorimetry-based EDS for comparison with similar data acquired using conventional Si(Li) EDS detectors. The elimination of elemental peak overlaps provided by the improved energy resolution of the microcalorimeter x-ray detector is demonstrated for TaSiN EDS spectra from films as thin as 3.5 nm. In addition, variation of the electron probe beam energy is examined to reduce the x-ray generation volume relative to the TaSiN film thickness. It is shown that microcalorimetery-based EDS is a potentially powerful technique for the characterization/metrology of ultrathin barrier films used for microelectronics, with x-ray energy-resolving capabilities similar to techniques such as wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Albany, Univ Albany Inst Mat, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Geer, RE (reprint author), Univ Albany, Univ Albany Inst Mat, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 91
IS 3
BP 1099
EP 1103
DI 10.1063/1.1415762
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 514CF
UT WOS:000173418500029
ER

PT J
AU Bauer, M
   Del Genio, AD
   Lanzante, JR
AF Bauer, M
   Del Genio, AD
   Lanzante, JR
TI Observed and simulated temperature-humidity relationships: Sensitivity
   to sampling and analysis
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPOSPHERE
   WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE MODELS; SATELLITE; FEEDBACK; PARAMETERIZATION;
   REANALYSIS; CONVECTION; RADIATION
AB Recent studies have demonstrated that the correlation between interannual variations of large-scale average temperature and water vapor is stronger and less height dependent in one GCM than in an objective analysis of radiosonde observations. To address this discrepancy, a GCM with a different approach to cumulus parameterization is used to explore the model dependence of this result, the effect of sampling biases, and the analysis scheme applied to the data.
   It is found that the globally complete data from the two GCMs produce similar patterns of correlation despite their fundamentally different moist convection schemes. While this result concurs with earlier studies, it is also shown that this apparent model-observation discrepancy is significantly reduced (although not eliminated) by sampling the GCM in a manner more consistent with the observations, and especially if the objective analysis is not then applied to the sampled data. Furthermore, it is found that spatial averages of the local temperature-humidity correlations are much weaker, and show more height dependence, than correlations of the spatially averaged quantities for both model and observed data. The results of the previous studies are thus inconclusive and cannot therefore be interpreted to mean that GCMs greatly overestimate the water vapor feedback.
C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
   NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Bauer, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012
OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359
NR 51
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 15
IS 2
BP 203
EP 215
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0203:OASTHR>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 507UE
UT WOS:000173049000005
ER

PT J
AU Hawkins, SL
   Varnavskaya, NV
   Matzak, EA
   Efremov, VV
   Guthrie, CM
   Wilmot, RL
   Mayama, H
   Yamazaki, F
   Gharrett, AJ
AF Hawkins, SL
   Varnavskaya, NV
   Matzak, EA
   Efremov, VV
   Guthrie, CM
   Wilmot, RL
   Mayama, H
   Yamazaki, F
   Gharrett, AJ
TI Population structure of odd-broodline Asian pink salmon and its contrast
   to the even-broodline structure
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; pink salmon; population structure; allozyme;
   isolation by distance
ID NORTH-AMERICAN POPULATIONS; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; GENETIC-VARIATION; GREAT-LAKES
AB Most of the variation (99%) of Asian odd-broodline pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, based on data at 32 variable (46 total) allozyme loci from 35 populations, occurred within populations, The remaining interpopulation variation was attributable to: (1) differences between northern (the northern Sea of Okhotsk, eastern Kamchatka Peninsula and western Kamchatka Peninsula) and southern (Hokkaido Island. Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island) populations; (2) differences between the southern areas; (3) low variation among populations within some areas. The pattern contrasted strongly with that observed for Asian even-broodline populations, which had a strong structure, possibly related to geographic and oceanographic influences. Isolation-by-distance analyses of each of the two broodlines showed a stronger relationship (x 4.8) among even- than odd-broodline populations. Allele frequency differences between even- and odd-broodlines reflected the reproductive isolation of the broodlines. However. there were no fixed frequency differences which. considered with the differing population structures, suggests that migration-drift equilibrium has not yet obtained in one or both broodlines. The structural differences also suggest it is likely that the even- and odd-broodlines are of different ages and that one is derived from the other. Allozyme data do not provide a genealogical basis for identifying the ancestral lineage.
C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   KamchatNIRO, Kamchatka Sci Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683602, Russia.
   CENTRE, TINRO, Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Vladivostok 690600, Russia.
   Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Inst Marine Biol, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
   Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan.
   Hokkaido Univ, Lab Genet & Embryol, Fac Fisheries, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan.
RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, 1120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM ffajg@uaf.edu
NR 49
TC 16
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 60
IS 2
BP 370
EP 388
DI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1850
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 532ZN
UT WOS:000174505100009
ER

PT J
AU Stephan, AW
   Colerico, M
   Mendillo, M
   Reinisch, BW
   Anderson, D
AF Stephan, AW
   Colerico, M
   Mendillo, M
   Reinisch, BW
   Anderson, D
TI Suppression of equatorial spread F by sporadic E
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PLASMA BUBBLES; IONOSPHERE; REGION; MODEL;
   FIELD; IRREGULARITIES; VARIABILITY; LATITUDE; ORIGIN
AB [1] We have examined quantitatively the influence a low-latitude, premidnight sporadic E layer might have on the daily and hourly development of equatorial spread F (ESF). In particular, we calculated changes in the flux tube-integrated Pedersen conductivity as it affects the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which governs the initial development of ESF. We find that the growth rate is lowered by an order of magnitude with a density of 1 x 10(6) cm(-3) in a slab from 115 to 120 km. Since sporadic E layers observed after dusk do not regularly reach these values, they are not a likely source of the daily variability in ESF. However, even a mild enhancement in the postsunset E region could lead to a significant suppression of ESF if it also inhibits the upward plasma drift of the prereversal enhancement, a key variable in the growth rate of the equatorial spread F instability. Thus, consistent with the nature of an instability, the second-order effect (suppressed upward drift) is more important than the first-order cause (reduced F region to E region conductivity) of inhibited ESF onset.
C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
   Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Univ Colorado, NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Stephan, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RI Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014
NR 32
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 107
IS A2
AR 1021
DI 10.1029/2001JA000162
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 609MF
UT WOS:000178907600012
ER

PT J
AU Fuss, SP
   Hamins, A
AF Fuss, SP
   Hamins, A
TI Determination of Planck mean absorption coefficients for HBr, HCl, and
   HF
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE absorption; combustion; participating media; properties; radiation
ID HITRAN
AB The Planck mean absorption coefficient, a(p), has been calculated for HBr, HCl, and HF over a temperature range from 300 K-2300 K using data from the 1996 edition of the HITRAN molecular database. Plots of a(p) Versus temperature showed monotonically decreasing behavior over this temperature range, with peak values at 300 K of 45.9 (atm-m)(-1), 5.3 (atm-m)(-1), and 1.95 (atm-m)(-1) for HF, HCl, and HBr, respectively. The magnitude of these values suggests that HBr, HCl, and HF can significantly impact calculations of radiative transfer inflames containing these species. Two sets of additional calculations were performed for CO to validate the methodology used for calculation of ap for HBr, HF, and HCl. In the first approach, which employed the narrow band model RADCAL, the calculation procedure was similar to that of the present calculations. The second approach utilized tabulated values of the integrated intensity for each CO band and an average value of the Planck Junction within each band. Results from the three methods showed general agreement. Polynomial expressions are provided as fits to ap as a function of temperature for HBr, HCl, HF, and CO.
C1 Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Fire Res Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fuss, SP (reprint author), Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Fire Res Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NR 21
TC 9
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0022-1481
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 124
IS 1
BP 26
EP 29
DI 10.1115/1.1416689
PG 4
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 557PN
UT WOS:000175917100004
ER

PT J
AU Shapiro, AJ
   Gornakov, VS
   Nikitenko, VI
   McMichael, RD
   Egelhoff, WF
   Tahk, YW
   Shull, RD
   Gan, L
AF Shapiro, AJ
   Gornakov, VS
   Nikitenko, VI
   McMichael, RD
   Egelhoff, WF
   Tahk, YW
   Shull, RD
   Gan, L
TI Features of domain nucleation and growth in Co/Ru/Co synthetic
   antiferromagnets deposited on obliquely sputtered Ta underlayers
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers
CY JUN 24-29, 2001
CL AACHEN, GERMANY
SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH
DE magnetic domains; synthetic antiferromagnets; magnetic imaging
AB Obliquely sputtered Ta underlayers were used to stabilize antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Ru/Co/Ta structures with a strong uniaxial anisotropy. Magneto-optical indicator film imaging revealed nucleation and growth of domains during remagnetization. For 0.5 nm Ru thickness and 10.6 nm Ta thickness, the top film magnetization is canted 82(+) from bottom film. The canting is attributed to ferromagnetic coupling through pinholes, Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Shapiro, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8552, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; 
OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 3
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 240
IS 1-3
BP 70
EP 72
AR PII S0304-8853(01)00740-5
DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00740-5
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 555VL
UT WOS:000175813900020
ER

PT J
AU Malkinski, L
   Cramer, N
   Hutchison, A
   Camley, R
   Celinski, Z
   Skrzypek, D
   Goldfarb, RB
AF Malkinski, L
   Cramer, N
   Hutchison, A
   Camley, R
   Celinski, Z
   Skrzypek, D
   Goldfarb, RB
TI Exchange bias and anisotropy in the Fe/KCoF3 structure
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers
CY JUN 24-29, 2001
CL AACHEN, GERMANY
SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH
DE multiaxial anisotropy; uniaxial anisotropy; unidirectional anisotropy;
   exchange anisotropy; exchange biasing; multilayer thin films
ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BILAYERS; FILMS
AB A new type of ferromagnet/antiferromagnet structure (Fe/KCoF3) was deposited by molecular beam epitaxy. Unidirectional and uniaxial anisotropies of 5.1 and 3.4 kA/m were measured at 23 K using ferromagnetic resonance. Magnetization measurements at 5 K showed a hysteresis loop shift of 6 kA/m due to exchange bias. Significant enhancement of four-fold anisotropy was found at low temperatures in the samples with polycrystalline KCoF3 structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
   Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
   Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Malkinski, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011
OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 240
IS 1-3
BP 261
EP 263
AR PII S0304-8853(02)00012-4
DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00012-4
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 555VL
UT WOS:000175813900077
ER

PT J
AU Wu, SY
   Yang, CC
   Li, WH
   Lee, KC
   Lynn, JW
   Yang, HD
AF Wu, SY
   Yang, CC
   Li, WH
   Lee, KC
   Lynn, JW
   Yang, HD
TI Mn ordering and induced Ce ordering in La-0.7(Ce0.5Ca0.5)(0.3)MnO3
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Physics of Magnetic Materials/International
   Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Technologies
CY MAY 13-16, 2001
CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN
SP Chinese Assoc Magnet Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Opto Electr & Syst Labs, MOEA, Dept Ind Technol, MOEA, Digital Video Ind Dev Program Off, MOEA,Ind Dev Bur, Ind Technol Res Inst, Natl Sci Council, Taiwan, CMC Magnet Co, Super Electr Co Ltd, Sunnon Electr Co Ltd, Fortune Elect Co Ltd, Kai Rong Ind Co Ltd, Teco Electro Devices Co Ltd, High Mag Technol Corp, Document Works Co
DE CMR compounds
ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES
AB Neutron diffraction and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements have been performed to study the ordering of the Mn and Ce spins in La-0.7(Ca0.5Ce0.5)(0.3)MnO3. Two anomalies at around 165 and 38 K were clearly evident in the AC susceptibility measurements. Neutron diffraction measurements then confirmed that both transitions are magnetic. The anomaly at high temperature is associated with the ferromagnetic metallic transition of the magnetic Mn moments, whereas the low temperature one corresponds to the induced ordering of the Cc spins, with the moments point in the direction that is opposite to that of the Mn moments, The ordering temperatures for the Mn and Ce spins were found to be at 180 and 45 K, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 239
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 14
EP 16
AR PII S0304-8853(01)00514-5
DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00514-5
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 544XN
UT WOS:000175187300006
ER

PT J
AU Katsaros, KB
   Vachon, PW
   Liu, WT
   Black, PG
AF Katsaros, KB
   Vachon, PW
   Liu, WT
   Black, PG
TI Microwave remote sensing of tropical cyclones from space
SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE microwave remote sensing; tropical cyclones; scatterometer; SAR,
   synthetic-aperture-radar; rain radar
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; NEURAL-NETWORK APPROACH; MEASURING MISSION
   TRMM; SURFACE WIND FIELDS; ERS-1 SATELLITE; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
   SCATTEROMETER; IMAGERY; STRESS; MODEL
AB This article reviews several microwave instruments employed in research and analysis of tropical cyclones (TCs), typhoons, and hurricanes. The instruments discussed include scatterometers, microwave radiometers, synthetic aperture radars (SARs), and rain radar from space. Examples of the particular contribution by one or more of these instruments in analysis of several storms illustrate the comprehensive new views provided by the SeaWinds scatterometers, the detailed high-resolution wind field provided by RADARSAT-1 SAR, particularly inside and in the vicinity of hurricane "eyes," and the presence of secondary flows in the region between rainbands in TCs. The high spatial resolution of precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's rain radar, combined with scatterometer or SAR data, give a significant improvement in the details that can be seen from space, at the surface, and in the precipitating areas of TCs. The microwave instruments provide a penetrating view below the upper level cirrus clouds.
C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada.
   Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Katsaros, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NR 66
TC 50
Z9 53
U1 4
U2 17
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158,
   JAPAN
SN 0916-8370
J9 J OCEANOGR
JI J. Oceanogr.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 58
IS 1
BP 137
EP 151
DI 10.1023/A:1015884903180
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 553LF
UT WOS:000175676100011
ER

PT J
AU Stehr, CM
   Connell, L
   Baugh, KA
   Bill, BD
   Adams, NG
   Trainer, VL
AF Stehr, CM
   Connell, L
   Baugh, KA
   Bill, BD
   Adams, NG
   Trainer, VL
TI Morphological, toxicological, and genetic differences among
   Pseudo-nitzschia (bacillariophyceae) species in inland embayments and
   outer coastal waters of Washington State, USA
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE australis; delicatissima; domoic acid; fraudulenta; heimii; LSU rDNA
   sequence; multiseries; pseudodelicatissima; Pseudo-nitzschia; pungens;
   Washington
ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SILIQUA-PATULA
   DIXON; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; RAZOR CLAMS; WEST-COAST;
   P-PSEUDODELICATISSIMA; AMINO-ACID; SEA LIONS; CALIFORNIA
AB Plankton samples from three inland embayments and several outer coastal sites of Washington State were collected from 1997 through 1999 and were examined for the presence of diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia and levels of the toxin, domoic acid (DA). Seven species were observed, including Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle, P. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle, P. australis Frenguelli, P. fraudulenta (Cleve) Hasle, P. cf. heimii Manguim, P. pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle, and P. delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden. The coastal Pseudo-nitzschia species assemblages differed significantly from those observed within embayments. The dominant species observed at coastal sites were P. pseudodelicatissima and P. cf. heimii. Pseudo-nitzschia assemblages found in embayments included one or more of the following species: P. pungens, P. multiseries, P. australis, P. pseudodelicatissima, and P. fraudulenta. The nuclear large subunit rRNA gene was sequenced for six of the seven species identified. This sequence revealed that P. multiseries, P. pungens, P. australis, and P. heimii were genetically similar to those found in California, whereas P. delicatissima and P. pseudodelicatissinia were distinct from the California isolates. Although the concentrations of DA in razor clams along Washington State coasts have exceeded regulatory limits several times since 1991, levels of DA in shellfish from Washington State embayments have not yet exceeded regulatory limits. The widespread presence of toxin-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species suggests, however, that toxic blooms are likely to occur within embayments in the future. In conjunction with the monitoring of environmental conditions conducive to toxic bloom formation, the development of species-specific probes for rapid and accurate detection of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in this region would enable the forecasting of a toxic event before DA accumulates in shellfish, thereby reducing the impacts to coastal communities.
C1 Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div Marine Biotoxin Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Stehr, CM (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div Marine Biotoxin Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Carla.m.stehr@noaa.gov
NR 56
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 38
IS 1
BP 55
EP 65
DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01106.x
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 525EJ
UT WOS:000174055500005
ER

PT J
AU Payne, AC
   Sprauve, AE
   Olmstead, MM
   Kauzlarich, SM
   Chan, JY
   Reisner, BA
   Lynn, JW
AF Payne, AC
   Sprauve, AE
   Olmstead, MM
   Kauzlarich, SM
   Chan, JY
   Reisner, BA
   Lynn, JW
TI Synthesis, magnetic and electronic properties of single crystals of
   EuMn2P2
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CAAL2SI2 STRUCTURE; EXPLORATORY SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; FLUXES; CHEMISTRY;
   EU; YB
AB Large single crystals of EUMn2P2 were grown from a tin flux whose melt composition and reaction temperature profile were optimized to avoid impurity phases. The crystal structure of EUMn2P2 is of the CaAl2Si2 structure type. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, with the unit cell in the trigonal lattice, a = 4.1294(3) Angstrom and c = 6.9936(8) Angstrom, at T = 90 K (Z = 1, R1 = 0.0239, wR2 = 0.0632) and belongs to the P (3) over bar ml (# 164) space group. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and neutron diffraction measurements on single crystals indicate that EuMn2P2 is an antiferromagnetic insulator with a Neel temperature of 16.5 +/- 0.25 K. The Eu spins order in a simple magnetic structure where the spins in the a-b plane are aligned ferromagnetically; these ferromagnetic planes are stacked antiferromagnetically along the c-axis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neurtron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RI Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008; 
OI Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160; Reisner, Barbara/0000-0003-3160-0351
NR 35
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 163
IS 2
BP 498
EP 505
DI 10.1006/jssc.2001.9437
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 524FT
UT WOS:000174002700021
ER

PT J
AU Hurst, WS
   Hodes, MS
   Bowers, WJ
   Bean, VE
   Maslar, JE
   Griffith, P
   Smith, KA
AF Hurst, WS
   Hodes, MS
   Bowers, WJ
   Bean, VE
   Maslar, JE
   Griffith, P
   Smith, KA
TI Optical flow cell and apparatus for solubility, salt deposition and
   Raman spectroscopic studies in aqueous solutions near the water critical
   point
SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE aqueous solutions; near-critical solutions; Raman; salt deposition;
   sodium sulfate; solubility
ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SODIUM-SULFATE; HIGH-PRESSURE;
   SPECTRUM
AB A flow cell fitted with large diameter optical ports suitable for visual observation and Raman spectroscopic studies of aqueous solutions to temperatures of 500 degreesC and pressures to 25 MPa is described. The cell uses commercially available compression fittings that have proven to be reliable and robust to cycles of assembly, temperature exposure, and disassembly. A unique design is given for construction of the optical ports. The design of a heated cylindrical insert for salt solubility, salt deposition and salt nucleation studies in near-critical aqueous solutions is described. A method for in situ detection of the crystalline phase of salt deposited from aqueous solution at near-critical conditions and then surrounded by pure supercritical water is demonstrated for Na2SO4, using Raman spectroscopic observation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Hurst, WS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 20
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0896-8446
J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID
JI J. Supercrit. Fluids
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 2
BP 157
EP 166
AR PII S0896-8446(01)00120-6
DI 10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00120-6
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA 522DT
UT WOS:000173881000009
ER

PT J
AU Howard-Reed, C
   Wallace, LA
   Ott, WR
AF Howard-Reed, C
   Wallace, LA
   Ott, WR
TI The effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID INDOOR PARTICLE SOURCES; EXCHANGE-RATES; VENTILATION
AB More than 300 air change rate experiments were completed in two occupied residences: a two-story detached house in Redwood City, CA, and a three-story townhouse in Reston, VA. A continuous monitor was used to measure the decay of SF, tracer gas over periods of 1-18 hr. Each experiment first included a measurement of the air change rate with all exterior doors and windows closed (State 0), then a measurement with the single change from State 0 conditions of opening one or more windows. The overall average State 0 air change rate was 0.37 air changes per hour (hr(-1)) (SD = 0.10 hr(-1); n = 112) for the California house and 0.41 hr(-1) (SD = 0.19 hr(-1); n = 203) for the Virginia house. Indoor/outdoor temperature differences appeared to be responsible for the variation at the Virginia house of 0.15-0.85 hr(-1) when windows were closed. Opening a single window increased the State 0 air change rate by an amount roughly proportional to the width of the opening, reaching increments as high as 0.80 hr(-1) in the California house and 1.3 hr(-1) in the Virginia house. Multiple window openings increased the air change rate by amounts ranging from 0.10 to 2.8 hr(-1) in the California house and from 0.49 to 1.7 hr(-1) in the Virginia house. Compared with temperature differences and wind effects, opening windows produced the greatest increase in the air change rates measured in both homes. Results of this study indicate the importance of occupant window-opening behavior on a home's air change rate and the consequent need to incorporate this factor when estimating human exposure to indoor air pollutants.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Reston, VA USA.
   Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; 
OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303
NR 36
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 2
U2 16
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 52
IS 2
BP 147
EP 159
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 520HJ
UT WOS:000173775300005
PM 15143789
ER

PT J
AU Luecke, WE
AF Luecke, WE
TI Results of an international round-robin for tensile creep rupture of
   silicon nitride
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED CERAMICS; HEAT-TREATMENTS; STRESS RUPTURE; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION;
   MECHANISMS; KINETICS; PHASE; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE
AB Fourteen laboratories participated in an interlaboratory study to establish the within- and between-laboratory repeatability of tensile creep rupture of silicon nitride. In air at 1375degreesC at 200 MPa, the times to failure ranged over a factor of 50, and the minimum creep rates ranged over a factor of 20. Despite these large ranges, taken individually, no one laboratory stands out from any other; all produced equally acceptable data. Consumers of silicon nitride tensile creep data must accept this magnitude of variability in reported creep data. The wide variety of specimen shapes and sizes, gripping systems, extensometry techniques, and temperature measurement strategies makes it impossible to assign definitively the root cause of the variability. However, there was a significant specimen size effect. As a group, the small-diameter specimens lasted roughly five times longer and crept three times more slowly than the large-diameter buttonhead specimens. A possible interpretation of the origin of this difference is that the oxidizing conditions affected more of the volume of the small specimens during the test.
C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 70
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 85
IS 2
BP 408
EP 414
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 521UM
UT WOS:000173859800018
ER

PT J
AU Wheelon, AD
AF Wheelon, AD
TI Skewed distribution of irradiance predicted by the second-order Rytov
   approximation (vol 18, pg 2789, 2001)
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND
   VISION
LA English
DT Correction
C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Wheelon, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3232
J9 J OPT SOC AM A
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 19
IS 2
BP 414
EP 414
DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000414
PG 1
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 513QR
UT WOS:000173390300021
ER

PT J
AU Park, WC
   Hamins, A
AF Park, WC
   Hamins, A
TI Investigation of velocity boundary conditions in counterflow flames
SO KSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE velocity boundary conditions; plug-flow; screens; two dimensional
   simulation; mixture fraction combustion model; air-methane counterflow
   flame
AB The effects of velocity boundary conditions on the structure of methane-air nonpremixed counterflow flames were investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulation. Two low global strain rates, 12 s(-1) and 20 s(-1), were considered for comparison with measurements. Buoyancy was confirmed to have strong effects on the flame structure at a low global strain rate. It was shown that the location where a top hat velocity profile was imposed is sensitive to the flame structure, and that the computed temperature along the centerline agrees well with the measurements when plug flow was imposed at the inner surface of the screen nearest the duct exit.
C1 Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Safety Engn, Pusan 608739, South Korea.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Park, WC (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Safety Engn, Pusan 608739, South Korea.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI SEOUL
PA KSTC NEW BLD. 7TH FLOOR, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703,
   SOUTH KOREA
SN 1226-4865
J9 KSME INT J
JI KSME Int. J.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 16
IS 2
BP 262
EP 269
PG 8
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 519QE
UT WOS:000173736300015
ER

PT J
AU Schmid, JR
   Bolten, AB
   Bjorndal, KA
   Lindberg, WJ
AF Schmid, JR
   Bolten, AB
   Bjorndal, KA
   Lindberg, WJ
TI Activity patterns of Kemp's ridley turtles, Lepidochelys kempii, in the
   coastal waters of the Cedar Keys, Florida
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE GREEN TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; HOME-RANGE;
   MICROHABITAT SELECTION; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; ANIMAL MOVEMENTS;
   FEEDING ECOLOGY; SOUTH TEXAS; INDEPENDENCE
AB Radio and sonic telemetry were used to investigate the tidal orientation, rate of movement (ROM), and surfacing behavior of nine Kemp's ridley turtles, Lepidochelys kempii, tracked east of the Cedar Keys, Florida. The mean of mean turtle bearings on incoming (48 +/- 49degrees) and falling (232 +/- 41degrees) tides was significantly oriented to the mean directions of tidal flow (37 +/- 9degrees, P < 0.0025, and 234 +/- 9 degrees, P < 0.005, respectively). Turtles had a mean ROM of 0.44 +/- 0.33 km/h (range: 0.004-1.758 km/h), a mean surface duration of 18 +/- 15 s (range: 1-88 s), and a mean submergence duration of 8.4 +/- 6.4 min (range: 0.2-60.0 min). ROM was negatively correlated with surface and submergence durations and positively correlated with the number of surfacings. Furthermore, ROMs were higher and surface and submergence durations were shorter during the day. Daily activities of turtles were attributed to food acquisition and bioenergetics.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Schmid, JR (reprint author), Conservancy SW Florida, 1450 Merrihue Dr, Naples, FL 34102 USA.
EM jeffs@conservancy.org
OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901
NR 48
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 140
IS 2
BP 215
EP 228
DI 10.1007/s002270100708
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 535XX
UT WOS:000174672600002
ER

PT J
AU Deshpande, AD
   Draxler, AFJ
   Zdanowicz, VS
   Schrock, ME
   Paulson, AJ
AF Deshpande, AD
   Draxler, AFJ
   Zdanowicz, VS
   Schrock, ME
   Paulson, AJ
TI Contaminant levels in the muscle of four species of fish important to
   the recreational fishery of the New York Bight Apex
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
   Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
EM ashok.deshpande@noaa.gov
NR 18
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 44
IS 2
BP 164
EP 171
AR PII S0025-326X(01)00223-5
DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00223-5
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 532JN
UT WOS:000174471300020
PM 11981981
ER

PT J
AU Lee, MS
   Levin, BC
AF Lee, MS
   Levin, BC
TI MitoAnalyzer, a computer program and interactive web site to determine
   the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations in human
   mitochondrial DNA
SO MITOCHONDRION
LA English
DT Article
DE computer program; human; mitochondrial DNA; mutations; single nucleotide
   polymorphisms; web site
ID HUMAN GENOME; HUMAN MTDNA; SEQUENCE
AB MitoAnalyzer provides information about the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This program determines if a single base pair (bp) change is in the non-coding or coding region, in the first, second or third bp of the codon, in a rRNA, tRNA or a protein, causes an amino acid (aa) change, the nature of that change, the position of the aa change in the protein, and the new aa sequence of the changed protein. Mutations associated with published mitochondrial diseases are noted. This program, thus, facilitates rapid analysis and evaluation of SNPs and mutations in human mtDNA. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society.
C1 NIST, Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Levin, BC (reprint author), NIST, Biotechnol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM barbara.levin@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1567-7249
J9 MITOCHONDRION
JI Mitochondrion
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 1
IS 4
BP 321
EP 326
AR PII S1567-7249(01)00031-9
DI 10.1016/S1567-7249(01)00031-9
PG 6
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 524VY
UT WOS:000174034600002
PM 16120286
ER

PT J
AU Moore, MK
   Ball, RM
AF Moore, MK
   Ball, RM
TI Multiple paternity in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests on
   Melbourne Beach, Florida: a microsatellite analysis
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Caretta caretta; loggerhead sea turtle; mating systems; microsatellite;
   paternity; polyandry
ID NONTEMPLATED NUCLEOTIDE ADDITION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MARINE TURTLES; GREEN
   TURTLE; LITIGIOSA LINYPHIIDAE; POLYANDROUS FEMALES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE;
   DNA-POLYMERASE; SEA-TURTLE; SELECTION
AB Many aspects of sea turtle biology are difficult to measure in these enigmatic migratory species, and this lack of knowledge continues to hamper conservation efforts. The first study of paternity in a sea turtle species used allozyme analysis to suggest multiple paternity in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) clutches in Australia. Subsequent studies indicated that the frequency of multiple paternity varies from species to species and perhaps location to location. This study examined fine-scale population structure and paternal contribution to loggerhead clutches on Melbourne Beach, FL, USA using microsatellite markers. Mothers and offspring from 70 nests collected at two locations were analysed using two to four polymorphic microsatellite loci. Fine-scale population differentiation was not evident between the sampled locations, separated by 8 km. Multiple paternity was common in loggerhead nests on Melbourne Beach; 22 of 70 clutches had more than one father, and six had more than two fathers. This is the first time that more than two fathers have been detected for offspring in individual sea turtle nests. Paternal genotypes could not be assigned with confidence in clutches with more than two fathers, leaving the question of male philopatry unanswered. Given the high incidence of multiple paternity, we conclude that males are not a limiting resource for this central Florida nesting aggregate.
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Moore, MK (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NR 58
TC 60
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 17
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 11
IS 2
BP 281
EP 288
DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01426.x
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 519KV
UT WOS:000173726200011
PM 11856428
ER

PT J
AU Alhamed, A
   Lakshmivarahan, S
   Stensrud, DJ
AF Alhamed, A
   Lakshmivarahan, S
   Stensrud, DJ
TI Cluster analysis of multimodel ensemble data from SAMEX
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDIUM-RANGE ENSEMBLES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; TESTS; NMC;
   PARAMETERIZATIONS; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION
AB Short-range ensemble forecasts from the Storm and Mesoscale Ensemble Experiment (SAMEX) are examined to explore the importance of model diversity in short-range ensemble forecasting systems. Two basic techniques from multivariate data analysis are used: cluster analysis and principal component analysis. This 25-member ensemble is constructed of 36-h forecasts from four different numerical weather prediction models, including the Eta Model, the Regional Spectral Model (RSM), the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), and the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). The Eta Model and RSM forecasts are initialized using the breeding of growing modes approach, the ARPS model forecasts are initialized using a scaled lagged average forecasting approach, and the MM5 forecasts are initialized using a random coherent structures approach. The MM5 forecasts also include different model physical parameterization schemes, allowing us to examine the role of intramodel physics differences in the ensemble forecasting process.
   Cluster analyses of the 3-h accumulated precipitation, mean sea level pressure, convective available potential energy, 500-hPa geopotential height, and 250-hPa wind speed forecasts started at 0000 UTC 29 May 1998 indicate that the forecasts cluster largely by model, with few intermodel clusters found. This clustering occurs within the first few hours of the forecast and persists throughout the entire forecast period, even though the perturbed initial conditions from some of the models are very similar. This result further highlights the important role played by model physics in determining the resulting forecasts and the need for model diversity in short-range ensemble forecasting systems.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, 200 Felgar St,Rm 114, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM varahan@ou.edu
NR 39
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 2
BP 226
EP 256
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0226:CAOMED>2.0.CO;2
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 509YL
UT WOS:000173177800003
ER

PT J
AU MacDonald, AE
   Xie, YF
   Ware, RH
AF MacDonald, AE
   Xie, YF
   Ware, RH
TI Diagnosis of three-dimensional water vapor using a GPS network
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; PRECIPITABLE WATER; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL;
   METEOROLOGY; DELAYS; OPTIMIZATION; SENSITIVITY; DESIGN; NOAA
AB In recent years techniques have been developed to obtain integrated water vapor along slant paths between ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and the GPS satellites. Results are presented of an observing system simulation (OSS) to determine whether three-dimensional water vapor fields could be recovered from a high-resolution network (e.g., with 40-km spacing) of GPS receivers, in combination with surface moisture observations and a limited number of moisture soundings. The paper describes a three-dimensional variational analysis (3DVAR) that recovers the moisture field from the slant integrated water vapor and other observations. Comparisons between "nature'' moisture fields taken from mesoscale models and fields recovered using 3DVAR are presented. It is concluded that a high-resolution network of GPS receivers may allow diagnosis of three-dimensional water vapor, with applications for both positioning and mesoscale weather prediction.
C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, OAR, RFS, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   Univ Corp Atmospher Res, GPS Sci & Technol Program, Boulder, CO USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA.
RP MacDonald, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, OAR, RFS, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015
NR 35
TC 41
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 2
BP 386
EP 397
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0386:DOTDWV>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 509YL
UT WOS:000173177800011
ER

PT J
AU McCaul, EW
   Buechler, DE
   Hodanish, S
   Goodman, SJ
AF McCaul, EW
   Buechler, DE
   Hodanish, S
   Goodman, SJ
TI The Almena, Kansas, tornadic storm of 3 June 1999: A long-lived
   supercell with very little cloud-to-ground lightning
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID THUNDERSTORM
AB The visual, radar, and lightning characteristics of a severe thunderstorm that spawned a large F3 tornado near Almena, Kansas, on 3 June 1999 are documented. The storm is interesting in that it made a transition from a low-precipitation to classic supercell then back to low-precipitation supercell again prior to dissipation after sunset. The storm remarkably produced only 17 cloud-to-ground lightning flashes during its 4.5-h lifetime, despite vertically integrated liquid (VIL) values reaching 95 kg m(-2), reflectivities of 50 dBZ or greater at altitudes of 14 km, and baseball-size hail at the surface. In contrast, total lightning rates inferred from a portable lightning detector during the large tornado were very high, approximately 100 per minute, as expected for a storm of this size and intensity.
C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
   Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Pueblo, CO USA.
   NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP McCaul, EW (reprint author), Inst Global Change Res & Educ, 4950 Corp Dr,Suite 200, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
NR 20
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 130
IS 2
BP 407
EP 415
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0407:TAKTSO>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 509YL
UT WOS:000173177800013
ER

PT J
AU Roni, P
   Beechie, TJ
   Bilby, RE
   Leonetti, FE
   Pollock, MM
   Pess, GR
AF Roni, P
   Beechie, TJ
   Bilby, RE
   Leonetti, FE
   Pollock, MM
   Pess, GR
TI A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy
   for prioritizing restoration in Pacific northwest watersheds
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WHOLE-RIVER FERTILIZATION; COHO SALMON;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; REARING HABITAT; CHANNEL; OREGON; WASHINGTON;
   CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM
AB ions of dollars are spent annually on watershed restoration and stream habitat improvement in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in an effort to increase fish populations. It is generally accepted that watershed restoration should focus on restoring natural processes that create and maintain habitat rather than manipulating instream habitats. However, most process-based restoration is site-specific, that is, conducted on a short stream reach. To synthesize site-specific techniques into a process-based watershed restoration strategy, we reviewed the, effectiveness of various restoration techniques at improving fish habitat arid developed a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing them. The hierarchical strategy we present is based on three elements: ( I) principles of watershed processes, (2) protecting existing high-quality habitats, and (3) current knowledge of the effectiveness of specific techniques. Initially, efforts should focus on protecting areas with intact processes and high-quality habitat. Following a watershed assessment, we recommend that restoration focus on reconnecting isolated high-quality fish habitats, such as instream or off-channel habitats made inaccessible by culverts or other artificial obstructions. Once the connectivity of habitats within a basin has been restored, efforts should focus on restoring hydrologic, geologic (sediment delivery and routing), and riparian processes through road decommissioning and maintenance, exclusion of livestock, and restoration of riparian areas. Instream habitat enhancement (e.g., additions of wood, boulders, or nutrients) should be employed. after restoring natural processes or where short-term improvements in habitat are needed (e.g., habitat for endangered species). Finally, existing research and monitoring is inadequate for all the techniques we reviewed, and additional, comprehensive physical and biological evaluations of most watershed restoration methods are needed.
C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Roni, P (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 72
TC 273
Z9 283
U1 20
U2 181
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 1
EP 20
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0001:AROSRT>2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100001
ER

PT J
AU Campana, SE
   Joyce, W
   Marks, L
   Natanson, LJ
   Kohler, NE
   Jensen, CF
   Mello, JJ
   Pratt, HL
   Myklevoll, S
AF Campana, SE
   Joyce, W
   Marks, L
   Natanson, LJ
   Kohler, NE
   Jensen, CF
   Mello, JJ
   Pratt, HL
   Myklevoll, S
TI Population dynamics of the porbeagle in the northwest Atlantic Ocean
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; SHARKS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; FISH
AB A virgin population of porbeagles Lamna nasus in the northwest Atlantic Ocean supported annual catches of up to 9,000 metric tons (mt) in the early 1960s before the fishery collapsed in 1967. Low and apparently sustainable catches of about 350 nit in the 1970s and 1980s allowed the stock to partially rebuild before it new fishery arose in the early 1990s, The response of the population to this renewed fishing pressure has been unclear until now. However, a new population dynamics analysis suggests that Population abundance has once again declined. On the basis of more than 140.000 length measurements, an extensive catch rate index, a confirmed growth model, and a catch-at-age matrix, it appears that at least 90% of the sexually mature population has been lost as fishing mortality has increased. Independent measures of fishing mortality (F) based on Petersen analysis of tag-recaptures. Paloheimo Zs, and a population model ill suggest that fishing mortality was about 0.20 in 2000. Biological reference points based oil life table analysis indicate that fishing at F(0.1) = 0.18 will result ill population collapse, that F = 0.08 corresponds to zero population growth, and that fishing mortality at maximum sustainable yield is about 0.04. Porbeagles have a low pup production rate and mature Considerably after the age at which they first appear in the fishery. In light of the very low numbers of Mature females now found in the population, it is unlikely that even the strict quota management now in Place Will allow the population to rebuild quickly. However, the shark fishing industry has actively Supported scientific research and conservation practices in recent years, suggesting that long-term sustain-ability may still be possible.
C1 Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
RP Campana, SE (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fish Div, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
EM campanas@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013
OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976
NR 24
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 106
EP 121
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0106:PDOTPI>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100009
ER

PT J
AU Ralston, S
AF Ralston, S
TI West Coast groundfish harvest policy
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Ralston, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
NR 4
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 249
EP 250
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0249:WCGHP>2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100025
ER

PT J
AU Brodziak, J
AF Brodziak, J
TI In search of optimal harvest rates for West Coast groundfish
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NE PACIFIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY;
   RECRUITMENT; FISH; PARAMETERS; STRATEGIES; PATTERNS
AB In this paper, I explore how patterns of compensatory mortality, as assessed through stock-recruitment relationships, may influence optimal harvest rates and relative yields for several West Coast groundfish stocks. To do this. I revisited Clark's ( 1991) groundfish life history model and maximin (i.e., maximize the minimum) yield approach to evaluate target harvest rates for live stocks (Dover sole Microstomus pacificus. lingcod Ophiodon elongatus, sabletish Anoplopoma fimbria, Pacific hake Merluccius productus, and widow rockfish Sebastes entomelas using recent estimates of fishery and life history parameters and stock-recruitment data. I found that a spawningstock-per-recruit target of roughly 35% of its unfished amount would be reasonable for these stocks if Clark's assumed stock-recruitment parameters are representative and the policy goal is a maximin yield. In contrast, use of estimated stock-recruitment parameters suggested(more conservative percentages of the unfished spawning stock per recruit and more conservative harvest rate targets for most stocks. A key implication of this work is that Clark's groundfish life history model is sensitive to the stock-recruitment shape parameters. As a result, these parameters Should he estimated where possible or imputed using results from meta-analyses. Overall, it conservation target of roughly 35% of the unfished spawning stock per recruit is very likely too low for lingeod, sablefish, and widow rockfish stocks under current environmental conditions. but it may be adequate for Dover sole and Pacific hake stocks.
C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 258
EP 271
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0258:ISOOHR>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100027
ER

PT J
AU MacCall, AD
AF MacCall, AD
TI Use of known-biomass production models to determine productivity of West
   Coast groundfish stocks
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION ANALYSIS VPA; CATCH-EFFORT DATA; FISHING MORTALITY
AB Known-biomass production models use a biomass time series produced by a stock assessment and thereby avoid the imprecision associated with estimating a catchability coefficient. Fluctuations or trends in known biomass are fully as informative as catch (which is used in conventional production models) in estimating stock productivity. Known-biomass production models provide a useful supplement to stock-recruitment models and can serve as a cross-check on the sensibility of stock-recruitment model results. Application of known-biomass production models (ASPIC) to eight stocks of West Coast groundfish shows that current abundances (B) are moderately to seriously below those associated with the maximum sustainable yield (MW B is less than B-msY in six of eight cases and less than one-half of B-msY in four of those cases). Recent exploitation rates are lower than those in earlier years and in most cases are now near their appropriate levels, including the rates for stocks that are rebuilding. Harvest policies during the 1990s, which specified fishing mortality rates corresponding to spawning potential ratios of 35% and 40% (i.e., F-35% and F-40%), were too aggressive for most stocks of West Coast groundfish.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
NR 24
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 272
EP 279
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0272:UOKBPM>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100028
ER

PT J
AU Dorn, MW
AF Dorn, MW
TI Advice on West Coast rockfish harvest rates from Bayesian meta-analysis
   of stock-recruit relationships
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; MODEL; FISH
AB Over the past two decades, populations of rockfish Sebastes spp. off the U.S. West Coast have declined sharply, leading to heightened concern about the sustainability of current harvest policies for these populations. In this paper, I develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to jointly estimate the stock-recruit relationships of rockfish stocks in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Stock-recruit curves for individual stocks are linked using a prior distribution for the "steepness" parameter of the Beverton-Holt stock-recruit curve, defined as the expected recruitment at 20% of unfished biomass relative to unfished recruitment. The choice of a spawning biomass per recruit (SPR) harvest rate is considered a problem in decision theory, in which different options are evaluated in the presence of uncertainty in the stock-recruit relationship. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is used to obtain the marginal distributions of variables of interest to management. such as the yield at a given SPR rate. A wide range of expected yield curves were obtained for different rockfish stocks. The stocks of Pacific ocean perch S. alutus in the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands are apparently the most resilient. with maximum sustainable yield (MSY) harvest rates greater than F-30% (the fishing mortality rate that reduces SPR to 30% of its unfished value) for all model configurations. In contrast, the MSY harvest rate for the West Coast stock of Pacific ocean perch was lower than F-70%. The SPR rates at MSY for other stocks were clustered between F-40% and F-60% and depended on both the stock-recruit model (Beverton-Holt or Ricker) and the model for recruitment variability (lognormal or gamma). Meta-analysis results should be interpreted cautiously due to autocorrelation in the model residuals for several stocks and the potential confounding effect of decadal variation in ecosystem productivity. An F-40%, harvest rate, the current default harvest rate for rockfish, exceeded the estimated F-MSY, rate for all West Coast rockfish stocks with the exception of black rockfish S. melanops. A harvest rate of, F-50%, is suggested as a risk-neutral F-MSY proxy for rockfish. A more risk-averse alternative would be to apply an SPR harvest rate in the F-55%-F-60% range.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Dorn, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 47
TC 108
Z9 111
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 280
EP 300
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0280:AOWCRH>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100029
ER

PT J
AU Ianelli, JN
AF Ianelli, JN
TI Simulation analyses testing the robustness of productivity
   determinations from West Coast Pacific ocean perch stock assessment data
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH STOCKS; RECRUITMENT
AB The estimated stock size and recruitment data from assessment models provide a way to evaluate the history of a fishery relative to the expected response given a target fishing mortality rate. For example, if recruitment estimates are below the fishing mortality replacement line, then further reductions in spawning biomass can be expected. However, recruitment variability. serial correlation, and variable historical harvest rates can create misleading perceptions of sustainable harvest rates when they are derived from these simple replacement-line curves. Careful analysis of the stock-recruitment relationship given the available data is required in order to evaluate stock productivity in age-structured modeling. In this study, simulation-estimation procedures were developed to evaluate stock productivity estimates given the level of information and historical fishing mortality currently reported for the Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus stock off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California. Two scenarios were designed with significantly different optimum yield calculations, one with moderate productivity and one with relatively low productivity. Within each productivity scenario, two types of simulations were performed, one with recruitment values identical to the original estimates (the observation-error-only case) and one with recruitment varying about the stock-recruitment curve (the observation-and-process-error case). For each of the two scenarios and two cases, 100 simulated stock assessment data sets were generated. Each was then analyzed using the stock assessment model used in 1998. The results suggest that if the actual stock-recruitnient productivity of this stock is low, the assessment model estimates will have a slight positive bias (estimated productivity will be higher than actual productivity). Conversely, if the actual stock-recruitment productivity is moderate, estimates are likely to have a negative bias given the observed sequence of recruitments and fishing mortality history. Including time series effects (simple autocorrelation) is shown to be a reasonable step toward remedying this problem.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Ianelli, JN (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 20
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 301
EP 310
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0301:SATTRO>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100030
ER

PT J
AU Williams, EH
AF Williams, EH
TI The effects of unaccounted discards and misspecified natural mortality
   on harvest policies based on estimates of spawners per recruit
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; FISHERIES; YIELD; MODEL; FISH
AB The amount of exploitation in a fishery is typically controlled by regulatory harvest policies, of which the best for maximizing total yield is F(MSY), the fishing rate that provides the maximum sustainable yield. However, estimation of F(MSY) can be difficult for many fisheries, and for this reason proxies such as the spawning-biomass-per-recruit rate (often denoted F(%)) have been adopted for some fisheries. Around 1992, the Pacific Fishery Management Council adopted an F(35%) harvest policy for U.S. West Coast groundfish. Recently, this policy has been questioned, along with the overall productivity of West Coast groundfish. Estimates of appropriate harvest rates and productivity are computed from stock assessment models, which often rely on poorly estimated values for natural mortality and at-sea discard levels. The effects of unaccounted discards and misspecified natural mortality on estimates of appropriate harvest rates were investigated using a basic catch-age model. A deterministic, generalized groundfish population was simulated using an average fishing mortality time series computed for 11 major West Coast groundfish species. The model results indicated that unaccounted, non-size-selective discards had no effect on subsequent harvest rate estimates, while unaccounted, size-selective discards of fish ranging up to 50% by weight resulted in a 30-40%, higher F(%) in some cases. The largest changes in harvest policy resulted from lower spawner-recruit steepness parameters, younger ages of selection, and positively biased natural mortality values.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Williams, EH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM Erik.Williams@noaa.gov
NR 22
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 311
EP 325
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0311:TEOUDA>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100031
ER

PT J
AU Jacobson, LD
   Cadrin, SX
   Weinberg, JR
AF Jacobson, LD
   Cadrin, SX
   Weinberg, JR
TI Tools for estimating surplus production and F-MSY in any stock
   assessment model
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CATCH-AGE ANALYSIS; SPISULA-SOLIDISSIMA; ATLANTIC SURFCLAM; DELMARVA
   PENINSULA; REFERENCE POINTS; RECRUITMENT; FISH; POPULATION; MORTALITY;
   BIOMASS
AB Surplus-production calculations can be made in my stock assessment model that includes catch data and that estimates biomass. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points can also be estimated if there are sufficient data. The "external" method estimates production model parameters after the assessment model is fitted. External Calculations are simple and useful, we recommend that they be done routinely. The "internal" method fits a more complicated assessment model and a surplus- production model simultaneously, It includes the external and "all-measurement-error" modeling methods (e.g.. ASPIC) as, special cases. External MSY estimates for Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissinia off northern New Jersey, cowcod Sebastes levis in the Southern California bight, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferrrugineus on Georges Bank and internal MSY estimates for northern Atlantic surfclam were similar to conventional estimates. Surplus-production calculations and both internal and external modeling approaches are useful for summarizing assessment results in terms of surplus production. which is important to managers, and in identifying plausible modeling scenarios. Internal Suplus-production Calculations [nay be most useful when recruitment is highly variable or when there is substantial variability in growth. Unlike some surplus-production modeling techniques. the external and internal approaches use all of the available data (e.g., age and size composition data) to estimate stock status and MSY reference points. They avoid the problems that arise in relating fishing mortality and biomass, estimates from one model to reference point calculations from a second. The internal and external methods are examples of Fournier and Warburton's composite approach. which attempts to balance the complimentary strengths and weaknesses of simple and complex models.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Jacobson, LD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 58
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 326
EP 338
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0326:TFESPA>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100032
ER

PT J
AU MacCall, AD
   Ralston, S
AF MacCall, AD
   Ralston, S
TI Is logarithmic transformation really the best procedure for estimating
   stock-recruitment relationships?
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION ANALYSIS VPA; ERRORS; BIAS
AB The conventional wisdom favoring the use of log-transformation in fitting Stock-recruitment relationships is based on the assumed lognormality of the error structure as well as the assumed homogeneity of variance under log-trans formation. Although rarely recognized, the latter is an important requirement underlying the conventional bias correction for back-transformation (i.e., exp[s(2)/2], where s(2) is the error variance). The homogeneity assumption may be violated much more frequently than is commonly recognized. Stock and recruitment data sets for two of eight West Coast groundfish stocks showed significant heterogeneity of variance under log-transformation, despite the low statistical power of the test (circa 25%). We simulated stock and recruitment data sets of various sample sizes and known amounts of variance heterogeneity and subjected them to three methods of regression analysis: regression under conventional log-transformation, with bias correction for the back-transformation; untransformed (i.e., arithmetic) least-squares regression and iteratively reweighted arithmetic least-squares regression with weights proportional to the square of expected recruitment. The latter method duplicates many of the properties of regression under log-transformation. Log-transformed regression produced strongly biased estimates when variance heterogeneity was present, whereas the;Arithmetic approaches produced very little bias. Simple arithmetic regression tended to be unbiased but was less precise than the alternatives. Based on the root mean squared errors of the, estimates of five conventional management reference points, iteratively reweighted regression generally performed as well as log-transformed regression, and it appears to be superior for small sample sizes (n less than or equal to 15) and in cases of suspected variance heterogeneity under log-transformation.
C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 22
IS 1
BP 339
EP 350
DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0339:ILTRTB>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 529LC
UT WOS:000174300100033
ER

PT J
AU Callender, WR
   Staff, GM
   Parsons-Hubbard, KM
   Powell, EN
   Rowe, GT
   Walker, SE
   Brett, CE
   Raymond, A
   Carlson, DD
   White, S
   Heise, EA
AF Callender, WR
   Staff, GM
   Parsons-Hubbard, KM
   Powell, EN
   Rowe, GT
   Walker, SE
   Brett, CE
   Raymond, A
   Carlson, DD
   White, S
   Heise, EA
TI Taphonomic trends along a forereef slope: Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas.
   I. Location and water depth
SO PALAIOS
LA English
DT Article
ID BAHIA-LA-CHOYA; DEEP-SEA; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; DEATH ASSEMBLAGES;
   MOLLUSCAN SHELLS; NORTHERN-GULF; SEDIMENTS; PRESERVATION; MARINE; RATES
AB The Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy Initiative (SSETI) Program was established to measure taphonomic rates in a range of continental shelf and slope environments. Experiments were deployed on the forereef slope off Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, for one and two years along two transects (AA and BA) in seven distinctive environments of deposition (EODs) along each transect: in sand channels on the platform top (15 in) and the platform edge (30 in), on ledges down the wall (70-88 m), on the upper (183 m-transect BA only) and lower (210-226 m) talus slope below the wall, and on the crest (256-264 in) and in the trough (259-267 in) of large sand dunes.
   Discoloration was by far the dominant taphonomic process over the two-year deployment period, with dissolution or maceration of shell carbonate a close second. Periostracum breakdown was not significant, nor was loss of shell weight. Chipped edges and breakage (assayed by the edge alteration variable) were much less common, but were important in some species. The degrees of edge alteration and dissolution were correlated with discoloration more frequently than expected by chance, emphasizing that the process of discoloration progressed in a coordinated fashion with the other two over time. The degree of burial or the interaction between degree of burial and water depth explained most of the trends observed in discoloration.
   The deep water sites, below the photic zone, including the talus slope and dune EODs, had very similar taphonomic signatures. Shells were characterized by a low degree of discoloration, little edge alteration, and varying degrees of dissolution. Photic zone sites, including the platform top and wall locations, followed the opposite trends, with the shallowest site, on the platform top, typically attaining the most extreme degree of alteration. The wall location was most similar to the platform top despite the greater depth and less rigorous physical and sedimentological regime. The platform edge occupied an intermediate position, likely due to the greater degree of burial that resulted in shells at this site being at least as frequently under aphotic conditions as under photic conditions. The data indicate that similar taphonomic signatures can be attained in distinctly different ways over a two-year exposure period, complicating the interpretation of taphofacies and the taphonomic process.
C1 NOAA, Off Sci Support, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Austin Community Coll, Dept Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
   Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Callender, WR (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci Support, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 60
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
PI TULSA
PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA
SN 0883-1351
J9 PALAIOS
JI Palaios
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 1
BP 50
EP 65
DI 10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017<0050:TTAAFS>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Geology; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 576FE
UT WOS:000176991500005
ER

PT J
AU Staff, GM
   Callender, WR
   Powell, EN
   Parsons-Hubbard, KM
   Brett, CE
   Walker, SE
   Carlson, DD
   White, S
   Raymond, A
   Heise, EA
AF Staff, GM
   Callender, WR
   Powell, EN
   Parsons-Hubbard, KM
   Brett, CE
   Walker, SE
   Carlson, DD
   White, S
   Raymond, A
   Heise, EA
TI Taphonomic trends along a forereef slope: Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas.
   II. Time
SO PALAIOS
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBONATE DISSOLUTION RATES; DEATH
   ASSEMBLAGE; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; MOLLUSCAN SHELLS; SEDIMENTS; MARINE;
   MODEL; SIZE; REEF
AB The Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy Initiative (SSETI) Program was established to measure taphonomic rates in a range of continental shelf and slope environments over a long period of time. For this report, mollusk shells were deployed for one and two years at seven different environments of deposition (EODs) along two onshore-offshore transects off Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas. The experimental sites were located: in sand channels on the platform top (15 m) and the platform edge (33 m); on ledges down the wall (70-88 m); on the upper (183 m) and lower (210-226 m) talus slope below the wall; and on the crest (256-264 m) and in the trough (259-267 m) of large sand dunes. Shell condition was assessed using a range of taphonomic attributes including dissolution, abrasion, edge alteration, discoloration, and changes in shell weight.
   After two years, taphonomic alteration was not particularly intense in any EOD. No species was particularly susceptible or resistant to taphonomic alteration. Taphonomic processes were unexpectedly complex. Effects of location, transect, water depth, and degree of exposure all had significant effects. On average, shells deployed in shallow sites were altered significantly from the controls more frequently than shells deployed at deeper sites. However, the number of significant interaction terms between time and the other main effects indicates a complex interaction between taphonomic processes and the local environment that, over the short term, defies any attempt at delineating taphofacies over a broader spatial area than a single. deployment site. Some locations attained the same taphonomic signature in different ways making discrimination of taphonomic rules difficult. For example, deeper-water sites and shallow sites where burial rates were high yielded similar taphonomic signatures because shells were in the aphotic zone in both cases, and this limited the rate and range of taphonomic interactions. Taphonomic processes were strongly nonlinear in time for all taphonomic attributes in all species and all EODs. Nonlinear taphonomic rates hinder the interpretation of single-point-in-time studies in understanding the taphonomic process and buttress a commitment to long-term experiments.
C1 Austin Community Coll, Dept Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
   NOAA, Off Sci Support, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA.
   Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Staff, GM (reprint author), Austin Community Coll, Dept Geol, NRG Campus,11928 Stonehollow Dr, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
NR 63
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
PI TULSA
PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA
SN 0883-1351
J9 PALAIOS
JI Palaios
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 17
IS 1
BP 66
EP 83
DI 10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017<0066:TTAAFS>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Geology; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 576FE
UT WOS:000176991500006
ER

PT J
AU Jaruga, P
   Jabil, R
   McCullough, AK
   Rodriguez, H
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Lloyd, RS
AF Jaruga, P
   Jabil, R
   McCullough, AK
   Rodriguez, H
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Lloyd, RS
TI Chlorella virus pyrimidine dimer glycosylase excises ultraviolet
   radiation and hydroxyl radical-induced products
   4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and
   2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine from DNA
SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BASE DAMAGE PRODUCTS; COLI FPG
   PROTEIN; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
   SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; IONIZING-RADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PURINE
   LESIONS; REPAIR
AB A DNA glycosylase specific for UV radiation-induced pyrimidine dieters has been identified from the Chlorella virus Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella virus-1. This enzyme (Chlorella virus pyrimidine dinner glycosylase [cv-pdg]) exhibits a 41 % amino acid identity with endonuclease V from bacteriophage T4 (T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase [T4-pdg]), which is also specific for pyrimidine dimers. however, cv-pdg possesses a higher catalytic efficiency and broader substrate specificity than T4-pdg. The latter excises 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), a UV radiation- and hydroxyl radical-induced monomeric product of adenine in DNA. Using gas chronatography-isotope-dilution mass spectrometry and gamma-irradiated DNA, we show in this work that cv-pdg also displays a catalytic activity for excision of FapyAde and, in addition, it excises 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua). Kinetic data show that FapyAde is a better substrate for cv-pdg than FapyGua. On the other hand, cv-pdg possesses a greater efficiency for the extension of FapyAde than T4-pdg. These two enzymes exhibit different substrate specificities despite substantial structural similarities.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ludwik Rydygier Med Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
   Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Environm Hlth & Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA.
RP Lloyd, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06766, ES04091]
NR 41
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY
PI AUGUSTA
PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA
SN 0031-8655
J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL
JI Photochem. Photobiol.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 75
IS 2
BP 85
EP 91
DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0085:CVPDGE>2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 526CU
UT WOS:000174111500001
PM 11883607
ER

PT J
AU Jeng, U
   Lin, TL
   Liu, WJ
   Tsao, CS
   Canteenwala, T
   Chiang, LY
   Sung, LP
   Han, CC
AF Jeng, U
   Lin, TL
   Liu, WJ
   Tsao, CS
   Canteenwala, T
   Chiang, LY
   Sung, LP
   Han, CC
TI SANS and SAXS study on aqueous mixtures of fullerene-based star ionomers
   and sodium dodecyl sulfate
SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Scattering Studies of Mesoscopic Scale
   Structure and Dynamics in Soft Matter
CY NOV 22-25, 2000
CL MESSINA, ITALY
DE SANS; SAXS; fullerene-derived ionomers; aggregation structure
ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; DODECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE
   DTAB; SURFACTANT MICELLES; WATER; SDS; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS
AB Fullerene-based star ionomer C-60[CO(CH2)(5)O(CH2)(4)SO3Na](6) (FC10S), with six sodium-dodecylsulfate-like arms randomly bonded on the fullerene, has been synthesized. This novel molecule has a high water solubility and a structural shape resembling the skeleton of a micelle of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We study aqueous mixtures of the C-60-based ionomers and SDS using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). With a selected deuteration of SDS, we have identified the formation of complex aggregates of FC10S with SDS in the mixtures. The structural information of the complex aggregates is extracted from the SANS and SAXS data measured for the mixtures. On the average, the complex aggregates observed have a cylinder-like shape with a radius of 19 Angstrom and a length of approximate to100 Angstrom for the sample mixtures containing 2.3 or 1.2 mM of FC10S and 6 mM of SDS. The mean aggregation numbers of FC10S and SIDS in each complex aggregate are 15 and 11, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
   Inst Nucl Energy Res, Div Nucl Fuel & Mat, Lungtan 325, Taiwan.
   Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Lin, TL (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4371
J9 PHYSICA A
JI Physica A
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 304
IS 1-2
BP 191
EP 201
DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00527-1
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 518BC
UT WOS:000173645500022
ER

PT J
AU Brennen, GK
   Deutsch, IH
   Williams, CJ
AF Brennen, GK
   Deutsch, IH
   Williams, CJ
TI Quantum logic for trapped atoms via molecular hyperfine interactions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL LATTICES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ENTANGLEMENT; GATES
AB We study the deterministic entanglement of a pair of neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice by coupling to excited-state molecular hyperfine potentials. Information can be encoded in the ground-state hyperfine levels and processed by bringing atoms together pairwise to perform quantum logical operations through induced electric dipole-dipole interactions. The possibility of executing both diagonal- and exchange-type entangling gates is demonstrated for two three three-level atoms and a figure of merit is derived for the fidelity of entanglement. The fidelity for executing a CPHASE gate is calculated for two Rb-87 atoms, including hyperfine structure and finite atomic localization. The main source of decoherence is spontaneous emission, which can be minimized for interaction times fast compared to the scattering rate and for sufficiently separated atomic wave packets. Additionally, coherent couplings to states outside the logical basis can be constrained by the state-dependent trapping potential.
C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brennen, GK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009; Deutsch,
   Ivan/D-1882-2009
OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X; Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750
NR 25
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 2
AR 022313
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022313
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 522DB
UT WOS:000173879500042
ER

PT J
AU Goldwin, J
   Papp, SB
   DeMarco, B
   Jin, DS
AF Goldwin, J
   Papp, SB
   DeMarco, B
   Jin, DS
TI Two-species magneto-optical trap with K-40 and Rb-87
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMIC GAS
AB We trap and cool a gas composed of K-40 and Rb-87, using a two-species magneto-optical trap (MOT). This trap represents the first step towards cooling the Bose-Fermi mixture to quantum degeneracy. Laser light for the MOT is derived from laser diodes and amplified with a single high-power semiconductor amplifier chip. The four-color laser system is described, and the single-species and two-species MOTs are characterized. Atom numbers of 1 x 10(7) K-40 and 2 x 10(9) Rb-87 are trapped in the two-species MOT. Observation of trap loss due to collisions between species is presented and future prospects for the experiment are discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI Goldwin, Jonathan/0000-0002-0582-2519
NR 18
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 2
AR 021402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.021402
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 522DB
UT WOS:000173879500005
ER

PT J
AU Kim, YK
AF Kim, YK
TI Scaling of Coulomb Born cross sections for electron-impact excitation of
   singly charged ions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
AB A scaling method applied to plane-wave Born cross sections for electron-impact excitation of neutral atoms is modified and applied to Coulomb Born cross sections for excitations of singly charged ions. The modified scaling for singly charged ions is simpler than the scaling for neutral atoms. Moreover, the former converts Coulomb Born cross sections into accurate results comparable to the convergent close coupling results, as is the case for the scaling for neutral atoms. Comparison,,; to available theoretical and experimental data on excitations of He+, Mg+, and Zn+ are presented.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, YK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 2
AR 022705
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022705
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 522DB
UT WOS:000173879500067
ER

PT J
AU Laue, T
   Tiesinga, E
   Samuelis, C
   Knockel, H
   Tiemann, E
AF Laue, T
   Tiesinga, E
   Samuelis, C
   Knockel, H
   Tiemann, E
TI Magnetic-field imaging of weakly bound levels of the ground-state Na-2
   dimer
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; FESHBACH RESONANCES; DISSOCIATION-ENERGY;
   HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING LENGTHS; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS;
   ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; NA2
AB We measured in a molecular-beam experiment the magnetic-field dependence of the last bound levels of the X (1)Sigma(g)(+) and a (3)Sigma(u)(+) potentials close to the 3s + 3s asymptote Na-2. The field behavior of these levels in an external magnetic field differs for even or odd nuclear mechanical angular momentum, Coupled-channel calculations using high-precision potentials for the X (1)Sigma(g)(+) and a (3)Sigma(u)(+) potentials give excellent quantitative agreement between experiment and theory. Our data lead to a precise and quantitative description of the magnetic decoupling of the singlet and triplet manifold and of Feshbach resonances in a cold atomic collision.
C1 Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Laue, T (reprint author), Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
NR 36
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 2
AR 023412
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.023412
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 522DB
UT WOS:000173879500093
ER

PT J
AU Machholm, M
   Julienne, PS
   Suominen, KA
AF Machholm, M
   Julienne, PS
   Suominen, KA
TI Subthermal linewidths in photoassociation spectra of cold
   alkaline-earth-metal atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING LENGTHS; LINE-SHAPES; COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE; K-39
AB Narrow s-wave features with subthermal widths are predicted for the (1)Pi(g) photoassociation spectra of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms. The phenomenon is explained by numerical and analytical calculations, These show that only a small subthermal range of collision energies near threshold contributes to the s-wave features that are excited when the atoms are very far apart. The resonances survive thermal averaging, and may be detectable for Ca cooled near the Doppler cooling temperature of the 4 P-1<--4 S-1 laser-cooling transition.
C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Computat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Turku, Dept Appl Phys, FIN-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland.
   Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Machholm, M (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Computat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
RI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/H-9076-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/0000-0002-1091-2893; Julienne,
   Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 14
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 2
AR 023401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.023401
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 522DB
UT WOS:000173879500082
ER

PT J
AU Eid, K
   Portner, D
   Borchers, JA
   Loloee, R
   Darwish, MA
   Tsoi, M
   Slater, RD
   O'Donovan, KV
   Kurt, W
   Pratt, WP
   Bass, J
AF Eid, K
   Portner, D
   Borchers, JA
   Loloee, R
   Darwish, MA
   Tsoi, M
   Slater, RD
   O'Donovan, KV
   Kurt, W
   Pratt, WP
   Bass, J
TI Absence of mean-free-path effects in the current-perpendicular-to-plane
   magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID BIASED SPIN-VALVES; COUPLED CO/CU MULTILAYERS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE;
   CPP MAGNETORESISTANCE; MEMORY LOSS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSION
   LENGTH; RELAXATION; INTERFACES; NANOWIRES
AB The series resistor and Valet-Fert models widely used to describe the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) magnetoresistances of ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (F/N) metal multilayers were recently claimed to be valid only for mean-free paths shorter than layer thicknesses; otherwise the mean-free path was claimed to be an important length scale in the CPP magnetoresistance (MR). This claim was based on observations of differences in the CPP MR's, after the samples were taken to above their saturation magnetic fields, of two different kinds of multilayers involving Co and Cu: interleaved [Co(6)/Cu(20)/Co(1)/Cu(20)](N) and separated [Co(6)/Cu(20)](N)[Co(1)/Cu(20)](N), with N repeats and thicknesses in nm. The maximum CPP MR's of separated samples were only about half as large as those for interleaved ones. In two short papers, we provided experimental evidence that mean-free paths are not important length scales in the CPP MR by showing that the differences in CPP MR's upon which the above claim was made did not change when the mean-free paths in the N and F layers were reduced from well above to well below their layer thicknesses. We ascribed part of the behaviors of interest to finite spin-memory loss (spin flipping) in the F and N metals, and proposed that the rest might be due to spin nips at F/N interfaces. In the present paper we (a) present further experimental evidence against mean-free-path effects, (b) provide details of the calculations we use to analyze the data, and (c) use measurements of magnetization and polarized neutron reflectivity to show that the differences in CPP MR are not due to spurious differences in magnetic structure between interleaved and separated multilayers, but only to the differences in the relative magnetic alignment of adjacent layers. Additional evidence for this last point is our observation that the CPP MR's of separated samples in their as-prepared states are as large as those of the equivalent interleaved samples after they are taken to above their saturation fields. We show that similar differences between interleaved and separated data appear also in the current-in-plane (CIP) MR's and when the Cu is replaced by Ag.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, Ctr Sensor Mat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Eid, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RI Kurt, Huseyin/F-1427-2015
OI Kurt, Huseyin/0000-0003-0710-9466
NR 34
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 5
AR 054424
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054424
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 518BQ
UT WOS:000173647000071
ER

PT J
AU Fujita, M
   Yamada, K
   Hiraka, H
   Gehring, PM
   Lee, SH
   Wakimoto, S
   Shirane, G
AF Fujita, M
   Yamada, K
   Hiraka, H
   Gehring, PM
   Lee, SH
   Wakimoto, S
   Shirane, G
TI Static magnetic correlations near the insulating-superconducting phase
   boundary in La2-xSrxCuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOATING-ZONE FURNACE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOPED
   LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; SPIN CORRELATIONS; ORDER; LA1.88SR0.12CUO4; TEMPERATURE;
   DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION
AB An elastic neutron-scattering study has been performed on several single crystals of La2-xSrxCuO4 for x near a lower critical concentration x(c) for superconductivity. In the insulating spin-glass phase (x=0.04 and 0.053), the previously reported one-dimensional spin modulation along the orthorhombic b axis is confirmed. Just inside the superconducting phase (x=0.06), however, two pairs of incommensurate magnetic peaks are additionally observed corresponding to the spin modulation parallel to the tetragonal axes. These two types of spin modulations with similar incommensurabilities coexist near the boundary. The peak width kappa along the spin-modulation direction exhibits an anomalous maximum in the superconducting phase near x(c), where the incommensurability delta increases monotonically upon doping across the phase boundary. These results are discussed in connection with the doping-induced superconducting phase transition.
C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6100011, Japan.
   Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Fujita, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6100011, Japan.
RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013
NR 20
TC 179
Z9 180
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 6
AR 064505
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064505
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 522DD
UT WOS:000173879700092
ER

PT J
AU Gulseren, O
   Cohen, RE
AF Gulseren, O
   Cohen, RE
TI High-pressure thermoelasticity of body-centered-cubic tantalum
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE; EQUATION; STATE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TA
AB We have investigated the thermoelasticity of body-centered-cubic (bcc) tantalum from first principles by using the linearized augmented plane wave and mixed-basis pseudopotential methods fur pressures up to 400 GPa and temperatures up to 10000 K. Electronic excitation contributions to the free energy were included from the band structures, and phonon contributions were included using the particle-in-a-cell (PIC) model. The computed elastic constants agree well with available ultrasonic and diamond-anvil cell data at low pressures, and shock data at high pressures. The shear modulus c(44) and the anisotropy change behavior with increasing pressure around 150 GPa because of an electronic topological transition. We find that the main contribution of temperature to the elastic constants is from the thermal expansivity. The PIC model in conjunction with fast self-consistent techniques is shown to be a tractable approach to studying thermoelasticity.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
   Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Gulseren, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010
OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359
NR 37
TC 81
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 6
AR 064103
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064103
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 522DD
UT WOS:000173879700015
ER

PT J
AU Leighton, C
   Fitzsimmons, MR
   Hoffmann, A
   Dura, J
   Majkrzak, CF
   Lund, MS
   Schuller, IK
AF Leighton, C
   Fitzsimmons, MR
   Hoffmann, A
   Dura, J
   Majkrzak, CF
   Lund, MS
   Schuller, IK
TI Thickness-dependent coercive mechanisms in exchange-biased bilayers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FERROMAGNET-ANTIFERROMAGNET BILAYERS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL;
   INTERFACIAL EXCHANGE; ANISOTROPY; SYSTEMS; FILMS; MODEL;
   MAGNETORESISTANCE; ASYMMETRY; FE/FEF2
AB We present an investigation of the effect of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the exchange bias and coercivity enhancement in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayers. At low temperatures both the exchange bias and coercivity closely follow an inverse thickness relationship, contrary to several recent theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the coercivity as a function of the ferromagnet thickness provides clear evidence for the existence of two distinct regimes. These regimes were probed with conventional magnetometry, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and polarized neutron reflectometry. At low thickness the coercivity, exhibits a monotonic temperature dependence, whereas at higher thickness a broad maximum occurs in the vicinity of the Neel temperature. These regimes are delineated by a particular ratio of the ferromagnet to antiferromagnet thickness. We propose that the ratio of the anisotropy energies in the two layers determines whether the coercivity is dominated by the ferromagnetic layer itself or the interaction of the ferromagnetic layer with the antiferromagnet.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hoffmann,
   Axel/A-8152-2009
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767
NR 36
TC 78
Z9 78
U1 3
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 6
AR 064403
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064403
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 522DD
UT WOS:000173879700043
ER

PT J
AU Levine, ZH
   Grantham, S
   McNulty, I
AF Levine, ZH
   Grantham, S
   McNulty, I
TI Mass absorption coefficient of tungsten for 1600-2100 eV
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT INTERCONNECT; SCATTERING; PHOTOABSORPTION;
   TRANSMISSION; ATOMS
AB The transmission of soft x rays with photon energies from 1606 eV to 2106 eV was measured for tungsten using thin-film samples and a synchrotron source. This region includes the M-IV and M-V edges. The two tungsten films had thicknesses of 107.7+/-10 = and 51.5+/-10 nm; the intensity of the transmitted x rays was measured with a silicon photodiode. The values for the mass absorption coefficient reported here were determined from the ratios of the transmission through the two samples, i.e., through a net 56.2+/-14 nm of tungsten, and some additional constant factors. The M-V,M-IV edges have widths (10%-90% after background subtraction) of 33+/-5 eV and 28+/-5 eV, respectively, compared to zero width in all x-ray tables based on atomic form factors and to 41 eV and 44 eV within a real-space multiple-scattering theory. The measurements are relevant to microspectroscopy and microtomography of integrated circuit interconnects and may be applicable to accurate measurement of the mass absorption coefficients of similar dense elements.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 6
AR 064111
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064111
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 522DD
UT WOS:000173879700023
ER

PT J
AU Stone, MB
   Chen, Y
   Rittner, J
   Yardimci, H
   Reich, DH
   Broholm, C
   Ferraris, DV
   Lectka, T
AF Stone, MB
   Chen, Y
   Rittner, J
   Yardimci, H
   Reich, DH
   Broholm, C
   Ferraris, DV
   Lectka, T
TI Frustrated three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in CuHpCl
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HEISENBERG-LADDER CU-2(C5H12N2)(2)CL-4; SINGLET-GROUND-STATE;
   INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC
   PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; COMPOUND
   (VO)(2)P2O7; CHAIN COMPOUND; FIELD PHASE
AB Inelastic neutron scattering measurements are reported for the quantum antiferromagnetic material Cu-2(C5H12N2)(2)Cl-4 (CuHpCl). The magnetic excitation spectrum forms a band extending from 0.9 meV to 1.4 meV. The spectrum contains two modes that disperse throughout the a-e plane of the monoclinic unit cell with less dispersion along the unique b-axis. Simple arguments based on the measured dispersion relations and the crystal structure show that a spin-ladder model is inappropriate for describing CuHpCl, Instead, it is proposed that hydrogen bond mediated exchange interactions between the bi-nuclear molecular units yield a three-dimensional interacting spin system with a recurrent triangular motif similar to the Shastry-Sutherland Model (SSM). Model-independent analysis based on the first moment sum rule shows that at least four distinct spin pairs are strongly correlated and that two of these, including tire dimer bond of the corresponding SSM, are magnetically frustrated. These results show that CuHpCl should be classified,as a frustration induced three-dimensional quantum spin liquid.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715
NR 75
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 6
AR 064423
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064423
PG 12
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 522DD
UT WOS:000173879700063
ER

PT J
AU Elam, WT
   Ravel, BD
   Sieber, JR
AF Elam, WT
   Ravel, BD
   Sieber, JR
TI A new atomic database for X-ray spectroscopic calculations
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic parameters; fundamental parameters; absorption cross sections;
   photon cross sections; X-ray absorption; X-ray fluorescence;
   Coster-Kronig transitions; fluorescence yield; X-ray emission
ID SHELL COSTER-KRONIG; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; RADIATIVE RATES; AUGER
AB The authors undertook to compile a database of recent values of the atomic parameters required for fundamental parameters (FP) calculation of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, calculation of X-ray absorption in crystals and other samples, and correction of X-ray absorption spectra for self-absorption effects. All values were obtained from published sources and include the elements hydrogen (atomic number 1) through californium (atomic number 98). The data were collected into a single unstructured ASCII text file. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Elam, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 10551 158th Ave NE, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
NR 18
TC 133
Z9 134
U1 5
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 63
IS 2
BP 121
EP 128
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00227-4
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
   Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 512MW
UT WOS:000173329000002
ER

PT J
AU Parra, E
   McNaught, SJ
   Milchberg, HM
AF Parra, E
   McNaught, SJ
   Milchberg, HM
TI Characterization of a cryogenic, high-pressure gas jet operated in the
   droplet regime
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSE LASER-PULSES; X-RAY-EMISSION; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; DYNAMIC
   FRAGMENTATION; KR CLUSTERS; GENERATION; EXPANSIONS; EXPLOSION; YIELDS;
   LIQUID
AB We report on the characterization of a cryogenically cooled high-pressure pulsed valve for laser-droplet interaction experiments. The gas jet can produce liquid droplets of a variety of gases over a wide range of temperature (100-300+/-0.25 K). Measurements of total mass flow for argon and krypton are presented as well as droplet size distributions obtained via dark-field shadowgraphy. Using light scattering, the temporal behavior of the valve is also investigated and the droplet flow speeds measured. The results are explained in terms of the phase diagrams for these gases and the dynamic operation of the valve. This characterization allows for properly interpreting yields of extreme ultraviolet emission from laser-irradiated droplet plasmas. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Parra, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 32
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 73
IS 2
BP 468
EP 475
DI 10.1063/1.1433945
PN 1
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 521QW
UT WOS:000173853700037
ER

PT J
AU Wielicki, BA
   Wong, TM
   Allan, RP
   Slingo, A
   Kiehl, JT
   Soden, BJ
   Gordon, CT
   Miller, AJ
   Yang, SK
   Randall, DA
   Robertson, F
   Susskind, J
   Jacobowitz, H
AF Wielicki, BA
   Wong, TM
   Allan, RP
   Slingo, A
   Kiehl, JT
   Soden, BJ
   Gordon, CT
   Miller, AJ
   Yang, SK
   Randall, DA
   Robertson, F
   Susskind, J
   Jacobowitz, H
TI Evidence for large decadal variability in the tropical mean radiative
   energy budget
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-MODEL; SYSTEM CERES; CLOUDS; EARTH
AB It is widely assumed that variations in Earth's radiative energy budget at large time and space scales are small. We present new evidence from a compilation of over two decades of accurate satellite data that the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) tropical radiative energy budget is much more dynamic and variable than previously thought. Results indicate that the radiation budget changes are caused by changes in tropical mean cloudiness. The results of several current climate model simulations fail to predict this large observed variation in tropical energy budget. The missing variability in the models highlights the critical need to improve cloud modeling in the tropics so that prediction of tropical climate on interannual and decadal time scales can be improved.
C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.
   Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   NCEP, NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Wielicki, BA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RI Allan, Richard/B-5782-2008; Randall, David/E-6113-2011
OI Allan, Richard/0000-0003-0264-9447; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112
NR 17
TC 253
Z9 264
U1 1
U2 22
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD FEB 1
PY 2002
VL 295
IS 5556
BP 841
EP 844
DI 10.1126/science.1065837
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 519NU
UT WOS:000173733000041
PM 11823638
ER

PT J
AU Agren, J
   Hayes, FH
   Hoglund, L
   Kattner, UR
   Legendre, B
   Schmid-Fetzer, R
AF Agren, J
   Hayes, FH
   Hoglund, L
   Kattner, UR
   Legendre, B
   Schmid-Fetzer, R
TI Applications of computational thermodynamics
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE
LA English
DT Article
DE computational thermodynamics; phase diagram calculation; phase
   equilibrium
ID SOLIDIFICATION; SIMULATION; EQUILIBRIA; STEELS; SYSTEM
AB The major tools used in applying computational thermodynamics to various problems in materials science are briefly presented and several practical examples are given as illustrations. Solutions to industrial problems, pertaining to the processing of and microstructure development in several different materials, are shown with answers given in graphical form. Solutions to kinetic problems linked with diffusion are also treated. The last section is devoted to the problem of interfacing between thermodynamic computations and applications oriented software.
C1 Tech Univ Clausthal, Inst Met, Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany.
   Lab Chim Phys Minerale, Chatenay Malabry, France.
   NIST, Gainesville, FL USA.
   UMIST, Ctr Mat Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England.
   Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
   Royal Inst Technol Mat Sci & Engn, Stockholm, Sweden.
RP Legendre, B (reprint author), Fac Pharm Chatenay Malabry, Lab Biochim Minerale & Bioinorgan, EA 401,5 Rue J B Clement, F-92296 Chatenay Malabry, France.
NR 31
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 9
PU CARL HANSER VERLAG
PI MUNICH
PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 0044-3093
J9 Z METALLKD
JI Z. Metallk.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 93
IS 2
BP 128
EP 142
PG 15
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 534JB
UT WOS:000174580700007
ER

PT J
AU Holden, MJ
   Mayhew, MP
   Gallagher, DT
   Vilker, VL
AF Holden, MJ
   Mayhew, MP
   Gallagher, DT
   Vilker, VL
TI Chorismate lyase: kinetics and engineering for stability
SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE chorismate; product inhibitions; p-hydroxybenzoate; progress curve
   analysis
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PYRUVATE-LYASE; CONVERSION; 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE;
   AGGREGATION; PREPHENATE; THERMODYNAMICS; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS;
   PATHWAY
AB By removing the enolpyruvyl group from chorismate, chorismate lyase (CL) produces p-hydroxybenzoate (p-HB) for the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway. We have analyzed CL by several spectroscopic and chemical techniques and measured its kinetic (k(cat) = 1.7 s(-1), K-m = 29 muM) and product inhibition parameters (K-p = 2.1 muM for p-HB). Protein aggregation, a serious problem with wild type CL, proved to be primarily due to the presence of two surface-active cysteines, whose chemical modification or mutation (to serines) gave greatly improved solution behavior and minor effects on enzyme activity. CL is strongly inhibited by its product p-HB, for this reason activity and inhibition measurements were analyzed by both initial rate and progress curve methods. The results are consistent, but in this case where the stable enzyme-product complex rapidly becomes the predominant form of the enzyme, progress curve methods are more efficient. We also report inhibition measurements with several substrate and product analogs that give information on ligand binding interactions of the active site. The biological function of the unusual product retention remains uncertain. but may involve a mechanism of directed delivery to the membrane-bound enzyme that follows CL in the ubiquinone pathway. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Holden, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 16
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-4838
J9 BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M
JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Protein Struct. Molec. Enzym.
PD JAN 31
PY 2002
VL 1594
IS 1
BP 160
EP 167
DI 10.1016/S0167-4838(01)00302-8
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 521EK
UT WOS:000173826100016
PM 11825618
ER

PT J
AU Milly, PCD
   Wetherald, RT
   Dunne, KA
   Delworth, TL
AF Milly, PCD
   Wetherald, RT
   Dunne, KA
   Delworth, TL
TI Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRENDS
AB Radiative effects of anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition are expected to cause climate changes, in particular an intensification of the global water cycle(1) with a consequent increase in flood risk(2). But the detection of anthropogenically forced changes in flooding is difficult because of the substantial natural variability(3); the dependence of streamflow trends on flow regime(4,5) further complicates the issue. Here we investigate the changes in risk of great floods-that is, floods with discharges exceeding 100-year levels from basins larger than 200,000 km(2)-using both streamflow measurements and numerical simulations of the anthropogenic climate change associated with greenhouse gases and direct radiative effects of sulphate aerosols(6). We find that the frequency of great floods increased substantially during the twentieth century. The recent emergence of a statistically significant positive trend in risk of great floods is consistent with results from the climate model, and the model suggests that the trend will continue.
C1 US Geol Survey, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GFDL, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
NR 13
TC 542
Z9 576
U1 45
U2 257
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JAN 31
PY 2002
VL 415
IS 6871
BP 514
EP 517
DI 10.1038/415514a
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 516PQ
UT WOS:000173564300043
PM 11823857
ER

PT J
AU Hsiao, BS
   Cheng, SZD
   Han, CC
   Wu, C
AF Hsiao, BS
   Cheng, SZD
   Han, CC
   Wu, C
TI Benjamin Chu - Tribute
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
ID CONCENTRATED SULFURIC-ACID; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER;
   POLYSTYRENE; POLY(1,4-PHENYLENETEREPHTHALAMIDE); SEPARATION; BALL
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11793 USA.
   Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
   NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
RP Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11793 USA.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JAN 29
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 3
BP 585
EP 586
DI 10.1021/ma011994w
PG 2
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 515CQ
UT WOS:000173478200001
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, ZY
   Olson, D
   Xu, HS
   Xia, F
   Hundal, JS
   Zhang, QM
   Bateman, FB
   Kavarnos, GJ
   Ramotowski, T
AF Cheng, ZY
   Olson, D
   Xu, HS
   Xia, F
   Hundal, JS
   Zhang, QM
   Bateman, FB
   Kavarnos, GJ
   Ramotowski, T
TI Structural changes and transitional behavior studied from both micro-
   and macroscale in the high-energy electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene
   fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMERS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR;
   CRYSTALLINE FORMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FILMS; RADIATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS;
   POLARIZATION; FIELD
AB The microstructural changes in high-energy electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) 68/32 mol % copolymer have been studied by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The macroscopic polarization response in these materials was investigated by examining the dielectric and polarization behavior in a broad temperature and frequency range. It was found that besides reducing crystallinity in the copolymer film, irradiation produces significant changes in the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition behavior. The irradiation leads to a reduction in the polar domain size to below a critical size (a few nanometers), resulting in the instability of the macroscopic ferroelectric state and transforming the structure of the crystalline region in the copolymer from a polar all-trans ferroelectric to a nonpolar state represented by a trans-gauche conformation. However, a reentrant polarization hysteresis was observed in the copolymers irradiated with higher doses (>75 Mrad). Therefore, there is an optimized dose that generates a copolymer with a nonpolar structure but relatively high crystallinity whose electromechanical performance is the best. In the copolymers in this optimum dose range, FT-IR data revealed that there is not much change in the molecular conformation with temperature, even as the temperature passes through the dielectric peak, indicating that there is no symmetry breaking in both the macroscale and local level. Although the lattice spacing of the crystalline region along the molecular chain direction discontinuously changes between two special cases, the interchain spacing continuously changes with the irradiation dose, reflecting a strong intrachain coupling between the nonpolar and polar regions. On the other hand, the X-ray data reveal that the crystalline size perpendicular to the polymer chain does not change with irradiation until at doses exceeding 85 Mrad.
C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
   USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA.
RP Cheng, ZY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM zxc7@psu.edu
RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008
OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380
NR 32
TC 62
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JAN 29
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 3
BP 664
EP 672
DI 10.1021/ma0112265
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 515CQ
UT WOS:000173478200015
ER

PT J
AU Schwahn, D
   Richter, D
   Wright, PJ
   Symon, C
   Fetters, LJ
   Lin, M
AF Schwahn, D
   Richter, D
   Wright, PJ
   Symon, C
   Fetters, LJ
   Lin, M
TI Self-assembling behavior in decane solution of potential wax crystal
   nucleators based on poly(co-olefins)
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS
AB The control of the precipitation and gelation of long chain paraffins from oil remains an enduring technological challenge regarding the processing and recovery of refined fuels and waxy crudes. Wax crystal modifiers based on polyethylene -poly(ethylene-propylene) (PE-PEP) diblock copolymers function as efficient nucleators for wax crystals in middle distillate fuels. These diblock polymers self-assemble in oil to form expansive platelike aggregates consisting of a PE core cloaked behind the amorphous PEP brush layer. The PE core thus promotes nucleation of solubilized long chain alkanes. Additional candidate structures for wax crystal nucleators include linear and star copolyolefins where the composition variation signals the alteration between crystalline and amorphous segments. This study focuses upon the self-assembling behavior in solution of these materials. The characteristics of the single chains and the aggregates formed at lower temperatures were determined via small-angle neutron scattering. Both plates and needlelike structures were found. The placement of the amorphous and crystalline blocks in the arms of the star shaped polymers was found to influence the architecture of the self-assembled micelles. As a point of comparison a commercial copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was also investigated. The EVA material was found to be relatively "undisciplined" in comparison to the structurally more uniform anionically prepared counterparts.
C1 Res Ctr, Inst Solid State Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
   Exxon Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res Labs, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Richter, D (reprint author), Res Ctr, Inst Solid State Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
RI Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013
OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470
NR 15
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JAN 29
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 3
BP 861
EP 870
DI 10.1021/ma0111818
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 515CQ
UT WOS:000173478200039
ER

PT J
AU Wang, H
   Shimizu, K
   Hobbie, EK
   Wang, ZG
   Meredith, JC
   Karim, A
   Amis, EJ
   Hsiao, BS
   Hsieh, ET
   Han, CC
AF Wang, H
   Shimizu, K
   Hobbie, EK
   Wang, ZG
   Meredith, JC
   Karim, A
   Amis, EJ
   Hsiao, BS
   Hsieh, ET
   Han, CC
TI Phase diagram of a nearly isorefractive polyolefin blend
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLUTION TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR; POLY(VINYLIDENE
   FLUORIDE); THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; BRANCHED POLYETHYLENES;
   POLY(ETHYL ACRYLATE); LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER BLENDS; MELT BLENDS;
   SEPARATION
AB The phase diagram of coexisting liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization in nearly isorefractive blends of statistical ethylene/hexane (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) copolymers has been investigated. A variety of techniques that exploit crystallization-induced contrast, such as diffuse light scattering, small-angle light scattering, light transmission, atomic force microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, are used to identify the LLPS boundary, which is found to exhibit an upper critical solution temperature of 146 degreesC. The composition dependence of the LLPS boundary follows the prediction of Floly-Huggins theory for binary polymer mixtures. The equilibrium melting temperature of the blends decreases with increasing PEB concentration in the miscible phase, whereas it remains relatively constant at 127 degreesC within the LLPS coexistence region. Measurements of the LLPS boundary can be complicated by heterogeneity in the polymer microstructure.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   Chevron Phillips Chem Co, Bartlesville, OK 74004 USA.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Meredith, Carson/B-3323-2009; Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010; Hobbie,
   Erik/C-8269-2013
OI Meredith, Carson/0000-0003-2519-5003; 
NR 36
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JAN 29
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 3
BP 1072
EP 1078
DI 10.1021/ma010900f
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 515CQ
UT WOS:000173478200064
ER

PT J
AU Sataka, M
   Imai, M
   Kawatsura, K
   Komaki, K
   Tawara, H
   Vasilyev, A
   Safronova, UI
AF Sataka, M
   Imai, M
   Kawatsura, K
   Komaki, K
   Tawara, H
   Vasilyev, A
   Safronova, UI
TI Coster-Kronig electrons from the autoionizing Rydberg states of 2 MeV
   u(-1) Si5+ ions excited through a thin C-foil target
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; S12+
AB Several peaks have been observed, in the electron energy range up to 20 eV, due to Coster-Kronig electrons from the autoionizing Rydberg states emitted from 2 MeV u(-1) Si5+ ions excited through a carbon foil. To obtain a better understanding of these low-energy electron spectra and their production mechanisms, we synthesize the expected electron spectrum which is compared with the observed electron spectrum. Two theoretical methods, namely the perturbation theory of Z-expansion (MZ code) and the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock method (Cowan code), are used to calculate the necessary Auger electron energies and emission rates. It has been found that the 1s(2)2pnl-1s(2)2s(2)S and 1s(2)2s2pnl-1s(2)2s(2) S-1 decays give the most significant contributions to the observed electron spectrum from threshold up to the 20 eV region. The synthetic electron spectra have also been found to reproduce the observed electron spectra quite nicely when the charge distributions of the projectile Si ions after thin carbon foils are taken into account.
C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
   Kyoto Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
   Kyoto Inst Technol, Fac Engn & Design, Dept Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan.
   Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Art & Sci, Inst Phys, Tokyo 1538602, Japan.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Sataka, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD JAN 28
PY 2002
VL 35
IS 2
BP 267
EP 281
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/2/306
PG 15
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 520GM
UT WOS:000173772700008
ER

PT J
AU DeMarco, B
   Jin, DS
AF DeMarco, B
   Jin, DS
TI Spin excitations in a Fermi gas of atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; HYDROGEN GAS; WAVES
AB We have experimentally investigated a spin excitation in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. In the hydrodynamic regime the damping time of the collective excitation is used to probe the quantum behavior of the gas. At temperatures below the Fermi temperature we measure up to a factor of 2 reduction in the excitation damping time compared to the classical expectation. In addition, we observe a strong excitation energy dependence for this quantum statistical effect.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI DeMarco, Brian/0000-0002-2791-0413
NR 21
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JAN 28
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 4
AR 040405
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.040405
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 522QB
UT WOS:000173907500005
PM 11801098
ER

PT J
AU Burgess, S
   Jaruga, P
   Dodson, ML
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Lloyd, RS
AF Burgess, S
   Jaruga, P
   Dodson, ML
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Lloyd, RS
TI Determination of active site residues in Escherichia coli endonuclease
   VIII
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; FPG PROTEIN;
   SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; FREE-RADICALS; III NTH; EXCISION; REPAIR;
   IDENTIFICATION; TRANSVERSIONS
AB Endonuclease VIII from Escherichia coli is a DNA glycosylase/lyase that removes oxidatively damaged bases. EndoVIII is a functional homologue of endonuclease 111, but a sequence homologue of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg). Using multiple sequence alignments, we have identified six target residues in endoVIII that may be involved in the enzyme's glycosylase and/or lyase functions: the N-terminal proline, and five acidic residues that are completely conserved in the endoVIII-Fpg proteins. To investigate the contribution of these residues, site-directed mutagenesis was used to create seven mutants: P2T, E3D, E3Q, E6Q, D129N, D160N, and E174Q. Each mutant was assayed both for lyase activity on abasic (AP) sites and for glycosylase/lyase activity on 5-hydroxyuracil, thymine glycol, and gamma-irradiated DNA with multiple lesions. The P2T mutant did not have lyase or glycosylase/lyase activity but could efficiently form Schiff base intermediates on AP sites. E6Q, D129N, and D160N behaved essentially as endoVIII in all assays. E3D, E3Q, and E174Q retained significant AP lyase activity but had severely diminished or abolished glycosylase/lyase activities on the DNA lesions tested. These studies provide detailed predictions concerning the active site of endoVIII.
C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lloyd, RS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, 5-142 Med Res Bldg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06676, ES04091]
NR 34
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD JAN 25
PY 2002
VL 277
IS 4
BP 2938
EP 2944
DI 10.1074/jbc.M10499200
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 514CY
UT WOS:000173421500074
PM 11711552
ER

PT J
AU Sandberg, A
   Leckner, J
   Shi, Y
   Schwarz, FP
   Karlsson, BG
AF Sandberg, A
   Leckner, J
   Shi, Y
   Schwarz, FP
   Karlsson, BG
TI Effects of metal ligation and oxygen on the reversibility of the thermal
   denaturation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE;
   CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STABILITY; COPPER; INACTIVATION; OXIDATION
AB Thermodynamic equilibrium transition models in DSC are only applicable to reversible processes, but reversibility of the thermal transitions of proteins is comparatively rare because of intermolecular aggregation of denatured proteins and the degradation that occurs at high temperatures. The cupredoxin azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has previously been found to exhibit irreversible thermal denaturation, both as holo- and apoprotein [Engeseth, H. R., and McMillin, D. R. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 2448-2455]. In this study, however, we demonstrate that this beta-barrel protein of Greek key topology in fact unfolds reversibly in anaerobic solutions when nonreducible metal ions are ligated to the protein. We show that it is the metal-coordinating cysteine residue (C112) that becomes exclusively oxidized in a transition metal catalyzed oxidation reaction with dissolved O-2 at high temperatures. Both Cu(I)- and Zn(II)-coordinating wild-type azurin therefore unfold reversibly in anaerobic solutions, as well as the Zn(II)-coordinating disulfide-deficient C3A/C26A mutant. Correspondingly, apoazurin mutants C112A and C112S unfold reversibly, even in aerobic solutions, and exhibit nearly perfect two-state transitions. Unfolding of Cu(II)-coordinating azurin is, on the other hand, always irreversible due to autoxidation of the thiolate resulting in Cu(I) and a thiyl radical prone to oxidation.
C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Mol Biotechnol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Biochem & Biophys, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RI Karlsson, Goran/E-8686-2011
NR 46
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD JAN 22
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 3
BP 1060
EP 1069
DI 10.1021/bi0157621
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 513JJ
UT WOS:000173374500041
PM 11790130
ER

PT J
AU Ballard, JB
   Stauffer, HU
   Amitay, Z
   Leone, SR
AF Ballard, JB
   Stauffer, HU
   Amitay, Z
   Leone, SR
TI Optimization of wave packet coefficients in Li-2 using an evolutionary
   algorithm: The role of resonant and nonresonant wavelengths
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COHERENT CONTROL; LASER CONTROL; SHELF STATE; PULSE; PHOTODISSOCIATION;
   PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; RECURRENCES; GENERATION; DYNAMICS
AB Using feedback and an evolutionary algorithm (EA), the weak field pump-probe photoionization signal at a single time delay is optimized in Li-2. A single launch state is prepared via excitation with a cw laser, from which a pump pulse excites a superposition of two rotational states on an excited electronic potential energy curve: E(1)Sigma(g)(+)(v(E) = 9, J(E) = 27 and 29). The EA modifies the phase pattern versus wavelength of the ultrafast pump pulses using a pulse shaper with a 128 pixel liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Limitations of frequency resolution for the pulse shaper create an effective temporal window in which pulses can be shaped. Optimization of the photoionization signal at pump-probe time delays outside of this temporal pulse shaping window involves phase shifts of only the two frequencies resonant with the transition of the wave packet states, effectively introducing a phase shift in the wave packet recurrences. For pump-probe time delays inside the pulse shaping window, optimization of the photoionization shows the influence of not only resonant but also nonresonant wavelengths. In this regime., the phase shift of wave packet recurrences as well as the time-dependent wave packet amplitude coefficients are optimized. First order time dependent perturbation theory is used to explain the mechanism by which the photoionization is maximized. These experiments are the first to use an optimization routine as a tool to identify a variety of simultaneous mechanisms that underlie the maximization of a process. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ballard, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 37
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 22
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 4
BP 1350
EP 1360
DI 10.1063/1.1429955
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 513NG
UT WOS:000173384200018
ER

PT J
AU Hodges, MP
   Wheatley, RJ
   Harvey, AH
AF Hodges, MP
   Wheatley, RJ
   Harvey, AH
TI Intermolecular potential and second virial coefficient of the
   water-helium complex
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY SURFACE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY;
   BASIS-SETS; ATOMS; HE; COLLISIONS; EQUATION; PRESSURE; MODEL
AB A potential-energy surface for the water-helium complex is constructed from scaled perturbation theory calculations, and calibrated using accurate supermolecule methods. At the global minimum. the helium atom lies in the plane of the water molecule with an interaction energy corresponding to about 35 cm(-1) (-160 microhartree). The potential is used to calculate second virial coefficients. including first-order quantum corrections, from 100 to 2000 K. The estimated uncertainties in the calculated values are much smaller than the uncertainties in the available experimental data; the calculated values also cover a much wider range of temperature. The quantum corrections are found to be smaller in magnitude than the uncertainty in the calculated second virial coefficient. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
   NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hodges, MP (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
RI Wheatley, Richard/K-6598-2015
OI Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708
NR 37
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 22
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 4
BP 1397
EP 1405
DI 10.1063/1.1421065
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 513NG
UT WOS:000173384200023
ER

PT J
AU Fair, JR
   Schaefer, D
   Kosloff, R
   Nesbitt, DJ
AF Fair, JR
   Schaefer, D
   Kosloff, R
   Nesbitt, DJ
TI Intramolecular energy flow and nonadiabaticity in vibrationally mediated
   chemistry: Wave packet studies of Cl+H2O
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL-CROSS-SECTIONS; BOND-SELECTED REACTION; CONTROLLING
   BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; CHLORINE ATOMS; DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM; REACTION
   DYNAMICS; TRIATOM REACTIONS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; EXCITED HCN; H-ATOMS
AB Time-dependent and time-independent quantum scattering methods are used to investigate state-to-state inelastic and reactive collision dynamics for a three-dimensional (3D) atom+triatom model of Cl+H2O-HCl+OH. The results elucidate the role of (i) intramolecular vibrational energy transfer and (ii) vibrational nonadiabaticity on the time scale of a reactive encounter in systems with nearly degenerate stretching "local modes." Adiabatic two-dimensional (2D) vibrational eigenfunctions [psi(n)(r(1),r(2),R)] and eigenvalues [E-n(R)] are first obtained in OH bond coordinates (r(1),r(2)) as a function of Cl-H2O center-of-mass separation (R), which then provides the requisite adiabatic potential energy curves and nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements for full 3D quantum wave packet propagation. Inspection of these 2D vibrational eigenfunctions indicates that near degeneracy between H2O symmetric \01(+)] and antisymmetric \01(-)] states is systematically lifted as R decreases. causing vibrational energy to flow into local-mode OH excitations pointing either toward ("proximal") or away from ("distal") the approaching Cl atom, respectively. This suggests a simple yet powerful physical model for mode-specific reactive scattering dynamics, the predictions of which are confirmed by full 3D quantum wave packet calculations over a range of collision velocities. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Fair, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Kosloff, Ronnie/D-2388-2013
OI Kosloff, Ronnie/0000-0001-6201-2523
NR 38
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 22
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 4
BP 1406
EP 1416
DI 10.1063/1.1429651
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 513NG
UT WOS:000173384200024
ER

PT J
AU Jung, HT
   Kim, SO
   Hudson, SD
   Percec, V
AF Jung, HT
   Kim, SO
   Hudson, SD
   Percec, V
TI Elastic properties of hexagonal columnar mesophase self-organized from
   amphiphilic supramolecular columns
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; X-RAY; MONODENDRONS; DENDRIMERS; LAMELLAR; PERIPHERY;
   POLYMERS; SYSTEM; FIELDS; PHASE
AB By direct imaging, we evaluate the relative stiffness of a hexagonal columnar mesophase induced by the self-organization of amphiphilic columnar supramolecules, both quantitatively and qualitatively, based on examination of the planar texture, and of defects contained therein. Quantitative measurement was performed by an analysis of distortions around edge dislocations. The elastic anisotropy varies significantly with the degree of molecular association. The columnar supramolecule containing rigid tapered molecules is stiffer than weakly associated self-assembled macromolecules by an order, resulting in different stability of the mesophase. In addition, defect characteristics are examined to further understand these supramolecular assemblies and their elastic properties. Highly resolved +1/2 disclinations have been observed in the flexible columnar supramolecules. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Organ Optoelect Mat Lab, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Organ Optoelect Mat Lab, 373-1 Kusong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
EM heetae@kaist.ac.kr
RI Jung, Hee-Tae/C-1574-2011; Kim, Sang Ouk/C-1632-2011; Percec,
   Virgil/H-6316-2014; Lee, Junyoung/D-5463-2012
OI Kim, Sang Ouk/0000-0003-1513-6042; Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489;
   Lee, Junyoung/0000-0001-6689-2759
NR 24
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JAN 21
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 3
BP 395
EP 397
DI 10.1063/1.1432449
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 511RB
UT WOS:000173278400019
ER

PT J
AU Kitajima, T
   Liu, B
   Leone, SR
AF Kitajima, T
   Liu, B
   Leone, SR
TI Two-dimensional periodic alignment of self-assembled Ge islands on
   patterned Si(001) surfaces
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GERMANIUM ISLANDS; GROWTH; DOTS
AB Two-dimensional alignment of Ge islands is obtained by molecular beam epitaxy of Ge on lithographically patterned Si(001) surfaces composed of periodic arrays of square Si mesas. When the period of the Si mesa arrays is reduced to 140 nm, a "one island on one mesa" relationship is achieved. The Ge islands have an average base width of 85 nm and take on the shape of a truncated pyramid with four {114} facets and a (001) top. The patterning also serves to improve the island size uniformity. The dependencies of the island morphology on the sizes of the Si mesas and Ge coverages are examined to clarify the mechanism of preferential nucleation of Ge islands on the tops of Si mesas. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Def Acad Japan, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan.
RP Kitajima, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 17
TC 75
Z9 77
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JAN 21
PY 2002
VL 80
IS 3
BP 497
EP 499
DI 10.1063/1.1434307
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 511RB
UT WOS:000173278400053
ER

PT J
AU Soles, CL
   Douglas, JF
   Wu, WL
   Dimeo, RM
AF Soles, CL
   Douglas, JF
   Wu, WL
   Dimeo, RM
TI Incoherent neutron scattering and the dynamics of confined polycarbonate
   films
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYMER-FILMS; TEMPERATURE;
   RELAXATION; MOTIONS; MODEL
AB Incoherent elastic neutron scattering measurements are performed on thin (75 to 1015 Angstrom) polycarbonate films supported on Si wafers. We find that the mean-square atomic displacement [u(2)] is diminished by thin film confinement. For film thicknesses comparable to the unperturbed dimensions of the macromolecule, we observe two characteristic crossover temperatures in (u(2)) as a function of temperature T, one above and the other below the bulk T-g. Furthermore, the harmonic force constant K, defined by the low temperature dependence of (u(2)) (i.e., kappa approximate to k(B)T/[u(2)]), increases as the film thickness decreases. These observations suggest that the atoms are more strongly localized in the thin supported films.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 22
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JAN 21
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 3
AR 037401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.037401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 514UV
UT WOS:000173460200038
PM 11801085
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DL
   Mutlow, CT
   Rao, CRN
AF Smith, DL
   Mutlow, CT
   Rao, CRN
TI Calibration monitoring of the visible and near-infrared channels of the
   Along-Track Scanning Radiometer-2 by use of stable terrestrial sites
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AVHRR; SPACECRAFT; NOAA-9; SNOW
AB The Along-Track Scanning Radiometer-2 (ATSR-2) is equipped with visible and near-infrared channels at 1.6, 0.87, 0.66, and 0.56 mum. An in-flight visible calibration (VISCAL) system used to convert the raw signal to top-of-the-atmosphere reflectances is described. To monitor the long-term stability of the VISCAL, a number of large-area stable terrestrial sites have been employed. We describe the methods used to determine the long-term drifts in the ATSR-2 onboard calibration device and evaluate the suitability of the sites for calibration monitoring. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.
C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Council Cent Lab Res Councils, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Council Cent Lab Res Councils, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
EM d.l.smith@rl.ac.uk
NR 14
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JAN 20
PY 2002
VL 41
IS 3
BP 515
EP 523
DI 10.1364/AO.41.000515
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 514RW
UT WOS:000173455700018
PM 11911109
ER

PT J
AU Udovic, TJ
   Karmonik, C
   Huang, Q
   Rush, JJ
   Vennstrom, M
   Andersson, Y
   Flanagan, TB
AF Udovic, TJ
   Karmonik, C
   Huang, Q
   Rush, JJ
   Vennstrom, M
   Andersson, Y
   Flanagan, TB
TI Comparison of the dynamics of hydrogen and deuterium dissolved in
   crystalline Pd9Si2 and Pd3P0.8
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems, Fundamentals and
   Applications (MH2000)
CY OCT 01-06, 2000
CL NOOSA HEADS, AUSTRALIA
DE hydrogen; palladium; silicon; phosphorus; vibrations; neutron scattering
ID PALLADIUM PHOSPHIDE; PD6P
AB The bonding potentials of hydrogen and deuterium dissolved in the crystalline alloys Pd9Si2 and Pd3P0.8 have been studied by neutron scattering techniques. Neutron powder diffraction verifies that, in both alloys, the principal type of interstitial absorption site is the quadrilateral base of a Pd-defined pyramid situated on the face of an empty triangular prism. The neutron vibrational spectroscopy results indicate that, although the H and D vibrational energies parallel to the Pd pyramidal base appear to be similar for both alloys, the H and D vibrational energies perpendicular to the Pd pyramidal base for Pd9Si2 are approximate to 15% softer than the corresponding energies for Pd3P0.8. Both neutron vibrational spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering show that hydrogen hopping between the two pyramidal absorption sites associated with different faces of the same prism is much more rapid in Pd9Si2 than in Pd3P0.8. This may be directly attributable to the observed softer potential along the hopping trajectory (i.e. perpendicular to the Pd pyramidal base) for the interstitial site in Pd si kompared to that in Pd3P0.8. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Univ Uppsala, Dept Inorgan Chem, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
   Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Karmonik, Christof/B-6150-2009
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD JAN 17
PY 2002
VL 330
BP 458
EP 461
DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01667-X
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 508KT
UT WOS:000173087800094
ER

PT J
AU Frich, P
   Alexander, LV
   Della-Marta, P
   Gleason, B
   Haylock, M
   Tank, AMGK
   Peterson, T
AF Frich, P
   Alexander, LV
   Della-Marta, P
   Gleason, B
   Haylock, M
   Tank, AMGK
   Peterson, T
TI Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of
   the twentieth century
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE observed climatic extremes; derived indicators; temperature;
   precipitation; climate monitoring; global change
ID AUSTRALIA; NETWORK; TRENDS
AB A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century, This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating the proportion of global land area exhibiting a significant change in extreme or severe weather. The authors chose 10 indicators of extreme climatic events, defined from a larger selection, that could be applied to a large variety of climates. It was assumed that data producers were more inclined to release derived data in the form of annual indicator time series than releasing their original daily observations. The indicators are based on daily maximum and minimum temperature series, as well as daily totals of precipitation, and represent changes in all seasons of the year. Only time series which had 40 yr or more of almost complete records were used, A total of about 3000 indicator time series were extracted from national climate archives and collated into the unique dataset described here. Global maps showing significant changes from one multi-decadal period to another during the interval from 1946 to 1999 were produced. Coherent spatial patterns of statistically significant changes emerge, particularly an increase in warm summer nights, a decrease in the number of frost days and a decrease in intra-annual extreme temperature range. All but one of the temperature-based indicators show a significant change. Indicators based on daily precipitation data show more mixed patterns of change but significant increases have been seen in the extreme amount derived from wet spells and number of heavy rainfall events. We can conclude that a significant proportion of the global land area was increasingly affected by a significant change in climatic extremes during the second half of the 20th century. These clear signs of change are very robust; however, large areas are still not represented, especially Africa and South America.
C1 Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Met Off, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.
   Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
   Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
RP Alexander, LV (reprint author), Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Met Off, London Rd, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.
RI Klein Tank, Albert/A-4182-2011; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011
OI Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457
NR 30
TC 760
Z9 890
U1 19
U2 174
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIMATE RES
JI Clim. Res.
PD JAN 16
PY 2002
VL 19
IS 3
BP 193
EP 212
DI 10.3354/cr019193
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 530BJ
UT WOS:000174335500002
ER

PT J
AU Cerveny, RS
   Coakley, KJ
AF Cerveny, RS
   Coakley, KJ
TI A weekly cycle in atmospheric carbon dioxide
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAUNA-LOA; CO2; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; HAWAII
AB [1] We present a new statistic called the "Mean Symmetrized Residual'' (MSR) for detection and quantification of a weekly cycle in measured daily atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). At the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, we conclude that CO2 concentrations, on average, are significantly lower (0.022 parts per million by volume, ppmv) on weekends (Saturday-Sunday) than during the rest of the week. Over the past twenty-five years, the variation of the mean values of MSR (as a function of day of the week) has been relatively stable. We speculate that the observed weekday/weekend variation in CO2 at Mauna Loa is the result of anthropogenic emissions on Hawaii and nearby sources. We do not detect a weekly cycle in daily CO2 concentration measured at South Pole, Antarctica. This methodology has applicability to a variety of datasets.
C1 Arizona State Univ, Off Climatol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Cerveny, RS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Off Climatol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JAN 15
PY 2002
VL 29
IS 2
AR 1028
DI 10.1029/2001GL013952
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 609CR
UT WOS:000178885500003
ER

PT J
AU Stauffer, HU
   Ballard, JB
   Amitay, Z
   Leone, SR
AF Stauffer, HU
   Ballard, JB
   Amitay, Z
   Leone, SR
TI Simultaneous phase control of Li-2 wave packets in two electronic states
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID E((1)SIGMA(+)(G)) SHELF STATE; INTERMEDIATE STATE; MULTIPHOTON
   IONIZATION; QUANTUM CONTROL; GROUND-STATE; PUMP-PROBE; FEMTOSECOND;
   DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOTION
AB State-selective phase control of rotational Li-2 wave packets, prepared simultaneously in the E((1)Sigma (+)(g)) electronic state by one photon absorption and the A((1)Sigma (+)(u)) electronic state by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering, is demonstrated. Following the initial population of a rovibrational launch state on the A electronic potential energy curve with a cw laser, a single sub-picosecond wave packet preparation pulse centered near 800 nm simultaneously creates a two-state rotational wave packet in the E state (nu (E)=18, J(E)=23 and 25) and a three-state rotational wave packet in the A state (nu (A)=15, J(A)=22, 24, and 26). A temporally delayed 800 nm probe pulse subsequently ionizes both electronic components of the wave packet to allow measurement of the time-dependent coherence in these two electronic states. Via phase manipulation of resonant transition frequencies contained within the preparation pulse, the phases of the E(18,25) and A(15,26) quantum states are either varied concurrently or individually controlled, whereas the phases of the other rovibronic states of the wave packet are in all cases held essentially constant. This phase manipulation is shown to be more complex than a simple additive effect involving the phases applied to the resonant frequencies. These experimental results are compared with the predictions of second order time-dependent perturbation theory. Although systematic discrepancies exist, most likely due to an additional phase introduced during the two-photon probe process, once these differences are accounted for, good agreement is found between experiment and perturbation theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM srl@jila.colorado.edu
NR 34
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JAN 15
PY 2002
VL 116
IS 3
BP 946
EP 954
DI 10.1063/1.1427708
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 506TD
UT WOS:000172987100011
ER

PT J
AU Chang, EK
   Shirley, EL
   Levine, ZH
AF Chang, EK
   Shirley, EL
   Levine, ZH
TI Excitonic effects on optical second-harmonic polarizabilities of
   semiconductors
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-HOLE INTERACTION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS;
   NONLINEAR SUSCEPTIBILITY; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; LOCAL-FIELD;
   QUASI-PARTICLE; FORMULATION; INSULATORS; SPECTRA
AB We present an ab initio many-body formalism for computing the frequency-dependent second-harmonic polarizability of semiconductor materials that includes both local-field and excitonic effects. We calculate the second-harmonic polarizability for AlP, AlAs, GaP, and GaAs. In each case, excitonic effects increase the value of the second-harmonic polarizability by about 20%.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chang, EK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 28
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JAN 15
PY 2002
VL 65
IS 3
AR 035205
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.035205
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 514NX
UT WOS:000173448900050
ER

PT J
AU Bartels, RA
   Weinacht, TC
   Wagner, N
   Baertschy, M
   Greene, CH
   Murnane, MM
   Kapteyn, HC
AF Bartels, RA
   Weinacht, TC
   Wagner, N
   Baertschy, M
   Greene, CH
   Murnane, MM
   Kapteyn, HC
TI Phase modulation of ultrashort light pulses using molecular rotational
   wave packets
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM CONTROL; LASER-PULSES; 5 FS; COMPRESSION; GENERATION; COHERENCE;
   SPECTROSCOPY; ALIGNMENT
AB We demonstrate experimentally how the time-dependent phase modulation induced by molecular rotational wave packets can manipulate the phase and spectral content of ultrashort light pulses. Using impulsively excited rotational wave packets in CO2, we increase the bandwidth of a probe pulse by a factor of 9, while inducing a negative chirp. This chirp is removed by propagation through a fused silica window, without the use of a pulse compressor. This is a very general technique for optical phase modulation that can be applied over a broad spectral region from the IR to the UV.
C1 Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Bartels, RA (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Kapteyn,
   Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
NR 30
TC 131
Z9 132
U1 3
U2 15
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JAN 7
PY 2002
VL 88
IS 1
AR 013903
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.013903
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 509BQ
UT WOS:000173124800023
PM 11800946
ER

PT J
AU Kwon, K
   Jiang, YL
   Song, FH
   Stivers, JT
AF Kwon, K
   Jiang, YL
   Song, FH
   Stivers, JT
TI F-19 NMR studies of vaccinia type IB topoisomerase - Conformational
   dynamics of the bound DNA substrate
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; COVALENT
AB The site-specific DNA cleavage and religation activities of the vaccinia virus type IB topoisomerase at (C/T)CCTT+1X-1 sites in duplex DNA have allowed detailed investigations of the chemical and conformational steps on the reaction pathway of this enzyme (see accompanying article (Kwon, K., and Stivers, J. T. (2002) J. BioL Chem. 277, 345-352)). To extend these studies to the DNA substrate, we have performed F-19 NMR experiments using substrates in which the + 1 T has been replaced with the NMR-sensitive thymidine base analogue 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-F-dUrd). Substitution of 5-F-dUrd has little effect on the binding affinity of topoisomerase I for DNA, results in small changes in the cleavage and religation rate constants, and produces a net 3-fold decrease in the cleavage equilibrium constant as compared with the CCCTT consensus DNA. One-dimensional 19F NMR experiments show that the +1 5-FdUrd is in a dynamic equilibrium between a stacked and unstacked state in both the noncovalent complex and the covalent phosphotyrosine complex. These NMR observations are supported by the selective sensitivity of the + 1 T and + 1 5-F-dUrd to KMnO4 oxidation. A role for localized DNA distortion in the topoisomerase I mechanism is suggested.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Stivers, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
NR 20
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD JAN 4
PY 2002
VL 277
IS 1
BP 353
EP 358
DI 10.1074/jbc.M109450200
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 508KU
UT WOS:000173087900047
PM 11689573
ER

PT J
AU Turnipseed, AA
   Blanken, PD
   Anderson, DE
   Monson, RK
AF Turnipseed, AA
   Blanken, PD
   Anderson, DE
   Monson, RK
TI Energy budget above a high-elevation subalpine forest in complex
   topography
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE energy budget; sensible heat flux; latent heat flux; eddy covariance;
   coniferous forest
ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
   WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; FLUX
   MEASUREMENTS; TALL VEGETATION; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS;
   DECIDUOUS FOREST; SPRUCE FOREST
AB Components of the energy budget were measured above a subalpine coniferous forest over two complete annual cycles. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were measured by eddy covariance. Bowen ratios ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 in the summer (June-September) depending upon the availability of soil water, but were considerably higher (similar to3-6) during winter (December-March). Energy budget closure averaged better than 84% on a half-hourly basis in both seasons with slightly greater closure during the winter months. The energy budget showed a dependence on friction velocity (u*), approaching complete closure at u* values greater than 1 m s(-1). The dependence of budget closure on u* explained why energy balance was slightly better in the winter as opposed to summer, since numerous periods of high turbulence occur in winter. It also explained the lower degree of energy closure (similar to10% less) during easterly upslope flow since these periods were characterized by low wind speeds (U < 4 m s(-1)) and friction velocities (u* < 0.5 m s(-1)). Co-spectral analysis suggests a shift of flux density towards higher frequencies under conditions where closure was obtained. It is suggested that low frequency contributions to the flux and advection were responsible for the lack of day-time energy budget closure. These effects were reduced at high friction velocities observed at our site. Our ability to close the energy budget at night was also highly dependent on friction velocity, approaching near closure (similar to90%) at 0 values between 0.7 and 1.1 m s(-1). Below this range, the airflow within the canopy becomes decoupled with the flow above. Above this range, insufficient temperature resolution of the sonic anemometer obscured the small temperature fluctuations, rendering measurements intractable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Turnipseed, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220
NR 51
TC 105
Z9 111
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD JAN 3
PY 2002
VL 110
IS 3
BP 177
EP 201
DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00290-8
PG 25
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 520YX
UT WOS:000173812300002
ER

PT J
AU Rosel, PE
   Kocher, TD
AF Rosel, PE
   Kocher, TD
TI DNA-based identification of larval cod in stomach contents of predatory
   fishes
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA assay; mitochondrial DNA; PCR; predator-prey relationships; stomach
   contents
ID GEORGES BANK; MITOCHONDRIAL
AB Predator-prey interactions play an influential role in determining the demographics of a population or species, In the Northwest Atlantic, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, once the basis of a lucrative commercial fishery, have not recovered despite regulations imposed on the fishery to reduce harvest rates. One possible reason for the lack of recovery is that high predation pressure on juvenile and larval stages, particularly from species such as herring and mackerel, may regulate the abundance of cod. However, traditional methods used to identify larval cod and haddock often fail when applied to partially digested remains. Here, we described a DNA-based assay to identify the presence of digested cod remains from the stomachs of predatory fish species. After development, the assay was tested on two sets of Field samples. Larval and juvenile cod were successfully detected in both tests. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Rosel, PE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RI Kocher, Thomas/B-3089-2013
NR 12
TC 49
Z9 53
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD JAN 3
PY 2002
VL 267
IS 1
BP 75
EP 88
DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00359-8
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 508MN
UT WOS:000173093000005
ER

PT B
AU Knapp, DI
   Olson, RJ
   Mosher, FR
   May, JA
   Silberberg, SR
AF Knapp, DI
   Olson, RJ
   Mosher, FR
   May, JA
   Silberberg, SR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Technology transfer at the aviation weather center: Developing, testing,
   and implementing new forecast tools
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
RP Knapp, DI (reprint author), Aviat Weather Ctr, 7220 NW 101st Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 20
EP 23
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800006
ER

PT B
AU Benjamin, SG
   Brown, JM
   Brundage, KJ
   Devenyi, D
   Grell, GA
   Kim, DS
   Smirnova, TG
   Smith, TL
   Schwartz, BE
   Weygandt, SS
   Manikin, GS
AF Benjamin, SG
   Brown, JM
   Brundage, KJ
   Devenyi, D
   Grell, GA
   Kim, DS
   Smirnova, TG
   Smith, TL
   Schwartz, BE
   Weygandt, SS
   Manikin, GS
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The 20-km rapid update cycle - Overview and implications for aviation
   applications
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA Res, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Benjamin, SG (reprint author), NOAA Res, FSL, R-E-FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Brown,
   John/D-3361-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015
OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; 
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 24
EP 27
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800007
ER

PT B
AU Hudson, HR
   Foss, FP
AF Hudson, HR
   Foss, FP
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The Collaborative Convective Forecast product from The Aviation Weather
   Center's perspective
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
RP Hudson, HR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Aviat Weather Ctr, 7220 NW 101st Terrace,Room 101, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 73
EP 76
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800020
ER

PT B
AU Sherretz, L
   Pratt, G
   Thompson, G
   Henderson, J
AF Sherretz, L
   Pratt, G
   Thompson, G
   Henderson, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Implementing ADDS operationally at the NWS Aviation Weather Center
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA Res, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Sherretz, L (reprint author), NOAA Res, Forecast Syst Lab, FS5,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 81
EP 84
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800022
ER

PT B
AU Ryzhkov, AV
   Janish, JM
   Schuur, TJ
   Zhang, PF
   Elmore, KL
AF Ryzhkov, AV
   Janish, JM
   Schuur, TJ
   Zhang, PF
   Elmore, KL
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Dual-polarization radar as a tool for operational identification of
   different types of meteorological and non-metorological targets
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), CIMMS, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 104
EP 107
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800028
ER

PT B
AU Smith, TL
   Benjamin, SG
   Brown, JM
AF Smith, TL
   Benjamin, SG
   Brown, JM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Visibility forecasts from the RUC20
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Smith, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; 
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 150
EP 153
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800040
ER

PT B
AU Oram, TD
AF Oram, TD
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Verification of world-wide space station emergency landing forecasts:
   Challenges and results
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
ID SKILL
C1 NOAA, NWS, Space Meteorol Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Oram, TD (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Space Meteorol Grp, JSC-ZS8,2001 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 186
EP 188
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800050
ER

PT B
AU Schneider, TL
   Reinking, RF
   Campbell, WC
   Clark, KA
   Gibson, JS
   Hazen, DA
   Matrosov, SY
   Moran, KP
   Post, MJ
AF Schneider, TL
   Reinking, RF
   Campbell, WC
   Clark, KA
   Gibson, JS
   Hazen, DA
   Matrosov, SY
   Moran, KP
   Post, MJ
GP AMS
   AMS
TI NOAA/ETL's polarization radar-microwave radiometer system for detecting
   in-flight icing conditions - Progress in the design and development of
   grids
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
ID TURBULENCE; REGIONS; SHAPES; CLOUDS
C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Schneider, TL (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Schneider, Timothy/D-2832-2015
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 220
EP 223
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800059
ER

PT B
AU Benjamin, SG
   Kim, DS
   Brown, JM
AF Benjamin, SG
   Kim, DS
   Brown, JM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Cloud/hydrometeor initialization in the 20-km RUC using GOES and radar
   data
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, Res, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Benjamin, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Res, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; 
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 232
EP 235
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800062
ER

PT B
AU Rodgers, DM
   Amis, T
AF Rodgers, DM
   Amis, T
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Applying FX-connect to the prototype aviation collaborative effort at
   the Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, OAR, FSL, Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Rodgers, DM (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, FSL, Res, FS5,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 277
EP 280
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800074
ER

PT B
AU Mosher, FR
AF Mosher, FR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Detection of deep convection around the globe
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
ID RAINFALL; CLOUD
C1 Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
RP Mosher, FR (reprint author), Aviat Weather Ctr, 7220 NW 101st Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 289
EP 292
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800077
ER

PT B
AU Porter, CW
   Smith, TM
AF Porter, CW
   Smith, TM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Rapid update of the National Severe Storms Laboratory severe weather
   detection algorithms
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
ID WSR-88D
C1 Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Porter, CW (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 297
EP 298
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800079
ER

PT B
AU Mahoney, JL
   Henderson, JK
   Brown, BG
   Hart, JE
   Loughe, A
   Fischer, C
   Sigren, B
AF Mahoney, JL
   Henderson, JK
   Brown, BG
   Hart, JE
   Loughe, A
   Fischer, C
   Sigren, B
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The Real-Time Verification System (RTVS) and its application to aviation
   weather forecasts
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mahoney, JL (reprint author), NOAA Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Henderson, Judy/B-4902-2016
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 323
EP 326
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800086
ER

PT B
AU Schwartz, BE
   Benjamin, SG
AF Schwartz, BE
   Benjamin, SG
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Verification of RUC surface forecasts at major US airport hubs
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Schwartz, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 327
EP 330
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800087
ER

PT B
AU Manning, DR
   Amburn, SA
   Frederick, JM
AF Manning, DR
   Amburn, SA
   Frederick, JM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Uses of real-time verification to improve Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Serv Forecast Off, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA.
RP Manning, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Serv Forecast Off, 10159 E 11th St,Suite 300, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 343
EP 346
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800091
ER

PT B
AU Koch, SE
   Caracena, F
AF Koch, SE
   Caracena, F
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Predicting clear-air turbulence from diagnosis of unbalanced flow
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
ID GRAVITY-WAVES
C1 NOAA OAR FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Koch, SE (reprint author), NOAA OAR FSL, FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 359
EP 363
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800095
ER

PT B
AU Fike, PC
   Silberberg, SR
AF Fike, PC
   Silberberg, SR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A case study of a high altitude turbulence outbreak
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th
   Conference on Applied Climatology
CY MAY 13-16, 2002
CL PORTLAND, OR
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech
C1 Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
RP Fike, PC (reprint author), Aviat Weather Ctr, 7220 NW 101st Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 367
EP 370
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation
GA BX41B
UT WOS:000185178800097
ER

PT B
AU Banta, RM
   Darby, LS
   Orr, BW
AF Banta, RM
   Darby, LS
   Orr, BW
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Down-basin drainage jet observed during VTMX: Large-scale controls and
   effects on local-scale flows
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 1
EP 1
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700001
ER

PT B
AU Darby, LS
   Allwine, KJ
   Banta, RM
AF Darby, LS
   Allwine, KJ
   Banta, RM
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Relationship between tracer behavior in downtown Salt Lake City and
   basin-scale wind flow
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Darby, LS (reprint author), NOAA ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 12
EP 15
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700005
ER

PT B
AU Nappo, CJ
   Dobosy, R
   Dumas, EJ
AF Nappo, CJ
   Dobosy, R
   Dumas, EJ
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Waves and turbulence observed over two consecutive VTMX nights
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
ID PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER
C1 NOAA, ATDD, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Nappo, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ATDD, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016
OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 116
EP 119
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700035
ER

PT B
AU Shapiro, MA
   Low-Nam, S
   Olafsson, H
   Doyle, J
   Smolarkiewicz, PK
AF Shapiro, MA
   Low-Nam, S
   Olafsson, H
   Doyle, J
   Smolarkiewicz, PK
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Large-amplitude gravity-wave breaking over the Greenland Lee and the
   subsequent formation of downstream synoptic-scale tropopause folding and
   stratospheric-tropospheric exchange
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
ID OROGRAPHY
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Shapiro, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 126
EP 129
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700038
ER

PT B
AU Shafer, JC
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Cox, JAW
AF Shafer, JC
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Cox, JAW
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Analysis of an orographically modified cyclone over the western United
   States during IPEX IOP3
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Shafer, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 137
EP 138
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700041
ER

PT B
AU Cox, JAW
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Kingsmill, DE
AF Cox, JAW
   Steenburgh, WJ
   Kingsmill, DE
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Dual-doppler analysis of the kinematic structure of a Wasatch Mountain
   winter storm
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Cox, JAW (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 139
EP 140
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700042
ER

PT B
AU Wolyn, PG
   Metze, D
   Torgerson, K
AF Wolyn, PG
   Metze, D
   Torgerson, K
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Some challenges of using Graphical Forecast Editor(GFE) operationally in
   diverse terrain.
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA, NWSFO, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
RP Wolyn, PG (reprint author), NOAA, NWSFO, 3 Eaton Way, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 265
EP 268
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700078
ER

PT B
AU Neiman, PJ
   Ralph, FM
   White, AB
   Kingsmill, DE
   Persson, POG
AF Neiman, PJ
   Ralph, FM
   White, AB
   Kingsmill, DE
   Persson, POG
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI The influence of land-falling low-level jets on rain rate in
   California's coastal mountains during caljet
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
ID SIERRA-NEVADA
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 277
EP 280
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700081
ER

PT B
AU Thaler, ER
   Nance, LB
AF Thaler, ER
   Nance, LB
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI P3.33 WSR-88D ground clutter signatures associated with lee-slope wind
   events
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 NOAA, NWS, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Thaler, ER (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 396
EP 399
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700117
ER

PT B
AU Wolyn, PG
AF Wolyn, PG
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Mountain-wave induced windstorms west of Westcliffe, Colorado.
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
RP Wolyn, PG (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 3 Eaton Way, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 402
EP 405
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700119
ER

PT B
AU Martner, BE
   Reinking, RF
   Banta, RM
AF Martner, BE
   Reinking, RF
   Banta, RM
GP AMS
   AMS
   AMS
TI Radar observations of downslope flow at Mount Washington
SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
CY JUN 17-21, 2002
CL PARK CITY, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program
ID WINDSTORM
C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Martner, BE (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 412
EP 415
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX35S
UT WOS:000185048700122
ER

PT B
AU Chen, DH
   DeWitt, DP
   Tsai, BK
   Kreider, KG
   Kimes, WA
AF Chen, DH
   DeWitt, DP
   Tsai, BK
   Kreider, KG
   Kimes, WA
BE Gelpey, J
   Lojek, B
   Nenyei, Z
   Singh, R
TI Effects of wafer emissivity on rapid thermal processing temperature
   measurement
SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF
   SEMICONDUCTORS - RTP 2002
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of
   Semiconductors
CY SEP 25-27, 2002
CL VANCOUVER, CANADA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
AB Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) are widely used to measure wafer temperatures in rapid thermal processing (RTP) tools. Using blackbody-calibrated LPRTs to infer the wafer temperature, it is necessary to build a model to predict the effective emissivity accounting for the wafer and chamber radiative properties as well as geometrical features of the chamber. The uncertainty associated with model-corrected temperatures can be investigated using test wafers instrumented with thin-film thermocouples (TFTCs) on which the LPRT target spot has been coated with films of different emissivity. A model of the wafer-chamber arrangement was used to investigate the effects of Pt (epsilon(s) = 0.25) and Au (epsilon(s) = 0.05) spots on the temperature distribution of the test wafers with the emissivity of 0.65 and 0.84. The effects of the shield reflectivity and the cool lightpipe (LP) tip on the wafer temperature were evaluated. A radiance analysis method was developed and a comparison of model-based predictions with experimental observations was made on a 200-mm wafer in the NIST RTP test bed. The temperature rises caused by the low-emissivity spot were predicted and the cooling effect of the LP tip was determined. The results of the study are important for developing the model-corrected temperature measurement and uncertainty estimates using LPRT in semiconductor thermal processes.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen, DH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 0-7803-7465-7
PY 2002
BP 59
EP 67
DI 10.1109/RTP.2002.1039440
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA BV34Y
UT WOS:000178628600010
ER

PT B
AU Knapp, KR
AF Knapp, KR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Aerosol optical depth retrieval over land from the AVHRR pathfinder
   atmosphere data set
SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
CY JUN 03-07, 2002
CL OGDEN, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, CIRA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, CIRA, NESDIS, ORA, Room 711C,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 51
EP 54
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
GA BX57X
UT WOS:000185754900014
ER

PT B
AU Ignatov, A
   Laszlo, I
   Nalli, N
AF Ignatov, A
   Laszlo, I
   Nalli, N
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Statistical patterns in aerosol retrievals from NOAA/AVHRR and TRMM/VIRS
SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
CY JUN 03-07, 2002
CL OGDEN, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; CONSISTENCY CHECKS; AVHRR; ALGORITHM;
   CHANNELS
C1 NOAA, WWBG, NESDIS, ORA,Climate Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, WWBG, NESDIS, ORA,Climate Res & Applicat Div, E-RA1,Rm 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Ignatov,
   Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708;
   Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 55
EP 58
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
GA BX57X
UT WOS:000185754900015
ER

PT B
AU Miller, AJ
   Zhou, S
   Yang, SK
AF Miller, AJ
   Zhou, S
   Yang, SK
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Relationship of the arctic and antarctic oscillation to the outgoing
   longwave radiation
SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
CY JUN 03-07, 2002
CL OGDEN, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID ANNULAR MODES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; BUDGET
C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 181
EP 184
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
GA BX57X
UT WOS:000185754900051
ER

PT B
AU Laszlo, I
   Tarpley, JD
   Pinker, RT
AF Laszlo, I
   Tarpley, JD
   Pinker, RT
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A comparison of surface solar fluxes in the noaa operational GOES SRB
   product with those derived from the ISCCP D1 data
SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
CY JUN 03-07, 2002
CL OGDEN, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Laszlo, I (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; 
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 191
EP 194
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
GA BX57X
UT WOS:000185754900054
ER

PT B
AU Knapp, KR
AF Knapp, KR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Retrieval of surface BRDF parameters and albedo from the AVHRR
   pathfinder atmosphere dataset
SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation
CY JUN 03-07, 2002
CL OGDEN, UT
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID REFLECTANCE
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA, Room 711C,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 207
EP 208
PG 2
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Remote Sensing
GA BX57X
UT WOS:000185754900058
ER

PT B
AU Ross, TF
AF Ross, TF
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The National Climatic Data Center's history, outreach program and
   activities for educators
SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Symposium on Education
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Ross, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 10
EP 13
PG 4
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55C
UT WOS:000179335400005
ER

PT B
AU Spayd, L
AF Spayd, L
GP AMS
   AMS
TI New training activities within the NWS
SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Symposium on Education
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Weather & Water Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Spayd, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Weather & Water Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 14
EP 15
PG 2
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55C
UT WOS:000179335400006
ER

PT B
AU Wilson, D
AF Wilson, D
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The NOPP year of the ocean drifter program
SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Symposium on Education
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
RP Wilson, D (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off,410 Severn Ave,Suite 107, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 101
EP 104
PG 4
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55C
UT WOS:000179335400037
ER

PT B
AU Johnson, VC
   Spangler, TC
AF Johnson, VC
   Spangler, TC
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Comet - We're not just for forecasters anymore
SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Symposium on Education
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 COMET, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Johnson, VC (reprint author), COMET, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 134
EP 136
PG 3
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55C
UT WOS:000179335400048
ER

PT B
AU Golmie, N
AF Golmie, N
GP IEEE
   IEEE
TI Performance evaluation of a Bluetooth channel estimation algorithm
SO 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO
   COMMUNICATIONS, VOL 1-5, PROCEEDINGS: SAILING THE WAVES OF THE WIRELESS
   OCEANS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
   Communications
CY SEP 15-18, 2002
CL LISBON, PORTUGAL
SP IEEE, Siemens, Ericsson, Lucent Technol, Inst Superior Tecnico, it, EIC, IEE, IEEE Commun Soc
AB Since Bluetooth devices have to share the already crowded unlicensed ISM band with WLAN spread spectrum devices that may be operating in close proximity, a mechanism that detects interference and avoids transmission in the so-called "bad" channels is key in order to prevent mutual interference and the resulting performance degradation. In this paper, we describe a dynamic channel estimation algorithm and evaluate its performance in conjunction with a Bluetooth scheduling algorithm that avoids transmission in frequencies used by other devices. Simulation results for several scenarios of interest including different traffic types are presented and analyzed.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Golmie, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 0-7803-7589-0
PY 2002
BP 156
EP 160
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BV91F
UT WOS:000180377800032
ER

PT B
AU Sun, DZ
AF Sun, DZ
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The control of the warm-pool SST over the magnitude of El Nino warming
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID OCEAN; MODEL; THERMOSTAT; CLIMATE; SYSTEM
C1 NOAA, CIRES, CDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 9
EP 12
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900004
ER

PT B
AU Diaz, HF
   Webb, RS
   Eischeid, JK
   Forman, S
AF Diaz, HF
   Webb, RS
   Eischeid, JK
   Forman, S
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The 1930s drought in the US Great Plains: New perspectives and a look at
   land surface responses
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID UNITED-STATES
C1 NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 28
EP 29
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900011
ER

PT B
AU Free, M
AF Free, M
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Comparison of methods for adjusting inhomogeneous radiosonde temperature
   data
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID TRENDS
C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 79
EP 80
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900030
ER

PT B
AU Seidel, DJ
   Free, M
AF Seidel, DJ
   Free, M
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Comparison of lower-tropospheric temperatures at low and high elevation
   radiosonde sites
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, R ARL, 1315 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 81
EP 82
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900031
ER

PT B
AU Quinn, FH
   Assel, RA
   Sellinger, CE
AF Quinn, FH
   Assel, RA
   Sellinger, CE
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Hydro-climatic factors and socioeconomic impacts of the recent record
   drop in laurentian Great Lakes water levels
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Assel, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 91
EP 93
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900035
ER

PT B
AU Zhou, YP
   Higgins, RW
AF Zhou, YP
   Higgins, RW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Relationships between climate variability and the statistics of winter
   precipitation extremes in the United States
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE
C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Zhou, YP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 231
EP 233
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900088
ER

PT B
AU Xie, PP
   Chen, MY
   Janowiak, JE
   Arkin, PA
   Smith, TM
AF Xie, PP
   Chen, MY
   Janowiak, JE
   Arkin, PA
   Smith, TM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Global oceanic precipitation from 1948 to the present: A reconstruction
   of historical gauge observations
SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Xie, PP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 237
EP 239
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV58M
UT WOS:000179447900090
ER

PT B
AU Jenkins, M
   Williams, P
   Lindstedt, D
AF Jenkins, M
   Williams, P
   Lindstedt, D
BE Tait, L
TI Design and management strategies for Barataria Bay, Louisiana coastal
   restoration projects
SO 15TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY,
   PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology
CY JAN 23-25, 2002
CL BILOXI, MS
AB The Barataria Bay, coastline and adjacent Louisiana shorelines are currently receding at the highest rate of any region within the United States. Most of the remaining wetlands behind this barrier island shoreline are expected to be lost within the next 20 years. An effective response to this problem requires a reevaluation of standard coastal management and engineering practices tailored to the unique and critical nature of the Barataria coastal system. This paper outlines current initiates within the Coastal Wetlands, Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) framework that will address the Barataria Bay coastal region. Unique aspects of this process are identified, and design approaches developed for the region are discussed.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), 2481 NW Boca Raton Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION
PI TALLAHASSEE
PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA
PY 2002
BP 91
EP 101
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
   Biology
GA BU85W
UT WOS:000177213700008
ER

PT B
AU Angevine, WM
   Baltink, HK
   Bosveld, FC
AF Angevine, WM
   Baltink, HK
   Bosveld, FC
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Observations of the morning transition of the convective boundary layer
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab R AL3, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 120
EP 120
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700035
ER

PT B
AU Persson, POG
   Abbott, S
   Jensen, M
   Larsson, B
   Leuski, V
   Targino, A
   Tjernstrom, M
   White, A
AF Persson, POG
   Abbott, S
   Jensen, M
   Larsson, B
   Leuski, V
   Targino, A
   Tjernstrom, M
   White, A
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Remote sensing of the late-summer boundary layer near the North Pole
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID TEMPERATURE
C1 NOAA, ETL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Persson, POG (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, CIRES, RIET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Targino, Admir Creso/A-8403-2013
OI Targino, Admir Creso/0000-0001-6679-6150
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 133
EP 136
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700039
ER

PT B
AU Herwehe, JA
   McNider, RT
   Decker, RK
AF Herwehe, JA
   McNider, RT
   Decker, RK
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Initial application of a coupled LES-photochemical model to examine
   near-source ozone production from industrial emissions
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 NOAA, ATDD, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Herwehe, JA (reprint author), NOAA, ATDD, ARL, 456 S Illinois Ave,POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 233
EP 236
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700067
ER

PT B
AU Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
AF Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Sensitivity of wind and temperature retrievals from 4DVAR to prescribed
   eddy viscosity profiles
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID FLOW
C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, R-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 259
EP 262
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700074
ER

PT B
AU Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
   Pichugina, Y
AF Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
   Pichugina, Y
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Formation, evolution and decay of a shear flow instability in the stable
   nocturnal boundary layer
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID DOPPLER LIDAR
C1 NOAA ETL RET2, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), NOAA ETL RET2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 325
EP 328
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700095
ER

PT B
AU Persson, POG
   Bao, JW
   Michelson, S
AF Persson, POG
   Bao, JW
   Michelson, S
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Mesoscale modeling of the wintertime boundary layer structure over the
   Arctic pack ice
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 CIRES NOAA ETL, R ET7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP CIRES NOAA ETL, R ET7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM ola.persson@noaa.gov
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 335
EP 338
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700098
ER

PT B
AU Grachev, AA
   Fairall, CW
   Persson, POG
   Andreas, EL
   Guest, PS
AF Grachev, AA
   Fairall, CW
   Persson, POG
   Andreas, EL
   Guest, PS
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Stable boundary-layer regimes observed during the SHEBA experiment
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; SURFACE-LAYER
C1 Univ Colorado, ETL, NOAA, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ETL, NOAA, CIRES, R-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 374
EP 377
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700110
ER

PT B
AU Vogel, CA
   Frenzen, P
AF Vogel, CA
   Frenzen, P
GP AMS
   AMS
TI On reasons for the observed variation of the von Karman constant in the
   atmospheric surface layer
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID TURBULENCE; BUDGET
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Vogel, CA (reprint author), Canaan Valley Inst, POB 673, Davis, WV 26260 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 422
EP 423
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700122
ER

PT B
AU Nappo, CJ
   Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
AF Nappo, CJ
   Newsom, RK
   Banta, RM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Analysis techniques for boundary-layer atmospheric gravity waves
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 NOAA, ARL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Nappo, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 497
EP 500
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700142
ER

PT B
AU Banta, RM
   Newsom, RK
   Pichugina, YL
   Lundquist, JK
AF Banta, RM
   Newsom, RK
   Pichugina, YL
   Lundquist, JK
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Nocturnal LLJ evolution and its relationship to turbulence and fluxes
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 503
EP 503
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700144
ER

PT B
AU Ek, M
   Holtslag, AAM
AF Ek, M
   Holtslag, AAM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Impact of soil moisture on boundary-layer cloud development
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID DAYTIME EVOLUTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SCHEMES; LAND; TOP
C1 NOAA, Ctr Sci, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Ek, M (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 516
EP 519
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700147
ER

PT B
AU Clemente-Colon, P
AF Clemente-Colon, P
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Observation of atmospheric boundary layer and turbulence activity over
   the ocean surface using synthetic aperture radar
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
ID SAR
C1 NOAA, NESDIS E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Clemente-Colon, P (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS E RA3, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 102, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 539
EP 542
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700153
ER

PT B
AU Banta, RM
   White, AB
   Angevine, WM
AF Banta, RM
   White, AB
   Angevine, WM
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Dependence of regional mixing-height differences on boundary-layer wind
   speed
SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
CY JUL 15-19, 2002
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 659
EP 659
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BX63B
UT WOS:000185937700189
ER

PT B
AU Santos, P
   Rader, G
   Brown, Z
   Brown, DP
AF Santos, P
   Rader, G
   Brown, Z
   Brown, DP
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The October 3-4 2000 heavy precipitation/flash flood event across south
   Florida
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
RP Santos, P (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 3
EP 8
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300002
ER

PT B
AU Davis, RS
AF Davis, RS
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Using the new generation of flash flood warning tools.
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Moon Township, PA 15108 USA.
RP Davis, RS (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Moon Township, PA 15108 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 10
EP 15
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300004
ER

PT B
AU Martner, BE
   Bartram, BW
   Gibson, JS
   Campbell, WC
   Reinking, RF
   Matrosov, SY
AF Martner, BE
   Bartram, BW
   Gibson, JS
   Campbell, WC
   Reinking, RF
   Matrosov, SY
GP AMS
   AMS
TI An overview of NOAA/ETL's scanning K-a-band cloud radar
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Martner, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 21
EP 23
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300007
ER

PT B
AU Scofield, RA
   Kuligowski, RJ
AF Scofield, RA
   Kuligowski, RJ
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Status and outlook of operational satellite precipitation algorithms for
   extreme precipitation events
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID RAINFALL ALGORITHM; TROPICAL RAINFALL; SENSOR
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA Hydrol Team, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Scofield, RA (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,WWB-601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 47
EP 51
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300013
ER

PT B
AU Ferraro, R
   Gruber, A
AF Ferraro, R
   Gruber, A
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A comparison of total precipitable water observations from satellite and
   reanalysis climatologies
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Atmospher Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Ferraro, R (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Atmospher Res & Applicat Div, E-RA2,5200 Auth Rd,Room 601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010
OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 98
EP 99
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300025
ER

PT B
AU Kuligowski, RJ
   Chen, WC
   Ferraro, RR
   Treadon, R
AF Kuligowski, RJ
   Chen, WC
   Ferraro, RR
   Treadon, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Incorporating numerical weather prediction model parameters into the
   retrieval of precipitation from the special sensor microwave/imager
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID RAINFALL ALGORITHM
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Kuligowski, RJ (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,WWB-601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Ferraro,
   Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 100
EP 101
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300026
ER

PT B
AU Xie, PP
   Yarosh, Y
   Love, T
   Janowiak, JE
   Arkin, PA
AF Xie, PP
   Yarosh, Y
   Love, T
   Janowiak, JE
   Arkin, PA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A real-time daily precipitation analysis over South Asia
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Xie, PP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 107
EP 108
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300028
ER

PT B
AU Fortune, MA
AF Fortune, MA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Distribution of daily rain gauge observations over hourly intervals with
   the aid of satellite precipitation estimates
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NWS Int Activ, W IA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Fortune, MA (reprint author), NOAA, NWS Int Activ, W IA, 1325 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 113
EP 115
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300030
ER

PT B
AU Vasiloff, SV
AF Vasiloff, SV
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Investigation of a WSR-88D Z-R relation for snowfall in northern Utah
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID WEATHER RADAR; PROFILE
C1 NWS, WR Hq, SLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA.
RP Vasiloff, SV (reprint author), NWS, WR Hq, SLC, 125 S State St Room 1210, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 116
EP 121
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300031
ER

PT B
AU Capone, EJ
   Econopouly, TW
   Shedd, RC
AF Capone, EJ
   Econopouly, TW
   Shedd, RC
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Lake Champlain watershed forecasting
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NE River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Taunton, MA 02780 USA.
RP Shedd, RC (reprint author), NE River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Taunton, MA 02780 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 138
EP 143
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300037
ER

PT B
AU Zogg, JA
   Wolf, RA
   Young, AC
   Astifan, BM
   Nock, TC
AF Zogg, JA
   Wolf, RA
   Young, AC
   Astifan, BM
   Nock, TC
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Service assessment for the 2001 Mississippi River spring flood in the
   NWS Davenport, Iowa, hydrologic service area
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Davenport, IA 52748 USA.
RP Wolf, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 9050 Harrison St, Davenport, IA 52748 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 150
EP 154
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources
GA BV55F
UT WOS:000179336300040
ER

PT B
AU Mahoney, JL
   Brown, BG
   Hart, JE
   Fischer, C
AF Mahoney, JL
   Brown, BG
   Hart, JE
   Fischer, C
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Using verification techniques to evaluate differencs among convective
   forecasts
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
RP Mahoney, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 12
EP 19
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800003
ER

PT B
AU Listemaa, SA
AF Listemaa, SA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Workstation Eta verification efforts at the Lower Mississippi River
   Forecast Center
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID MODEL
C1 NOAA, DOC, NWS, Lower Mississippi River Forcast Ctr, Slidell, LA 70460 USA.
RP Listemaa, SA (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, NWS, Lower Mississippi River Forcast Ctr, 62300 Airport Rd, Slidell, LA 70460 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 37
EP 39
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800007
ER

PT B
AU Schwein, NO
AF Schwein, NO
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Methodology for determining river forecasting skill using monthly
   cumulative distribution functions of mean daily flow
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Cent Reg Headquarters, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA.
RP Schwein, NO (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Cent Reg Headquarters, 601 E 12th St,Rm 1836, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 40
EP 47
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800008
ER

PT B
AU Larson, LW
   Schwein, NO
AF Larson, LW
   Schwein, NO
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A statistical evaluation of mainstem forecasting errors for the Missouri
   and Mississippi Rivers
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Prairie Village, KS 66207 USA.
RP Larson, LW (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 8879 Juniper, Prairie Village, KS 66207 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 48
EP 54
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800009
ER

PT B
AU Glahn, HR
   Dallavalle, JP
AF Glahn, HR
   Dallavalle, JP
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The new NWS MOS development and implementation systems
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Glahn, HR (reprint author), 1325 E West Highway,Room 10214, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 78
EP 81
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800015
ER

PT B
AU Erickson, MC
   Dallavalle, JP
   Carroll, KL
AF Erickson, MC
   Dallavalle, JP
   Carroll, KL
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The new AVN/MRF MOS development and model changes: A volatile mix?
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, OST, MDL, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Erickson, MC (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, OST, MDL, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 706, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 82
EP 87
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800016
ER

PT B
AU Small, IJ
   Martin, G
   LaDochy, S
   Brown, JN
AF Small, IJ
   Martin, G
   LaDochy, S
   Brown, JN
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Topographic and synoptic influences on cold season severe weather events
   in California
SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric
   Sciences
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA NWS, San Diego, CA 92127 USA.
RP Small, IJ (reprint author), NOAA NWS, 11440 W Bernardo Ct,Ste, San Diego, CA 92127 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 146
EP 153
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics
GA BV55E
UT WOS:000179335800028
ER

PT S
AU Phillips, PJ
   Sarkar, S
   Robledo, I
   Grother, P
   Bowyer, K
AF Phillips, PJ
   Sarkar, S
   Robledo, I
   Grother, P
   Bowyer, K
BE Kasturi, R
   Laurendeau, D
   Suen, C
TI The gait identification challenge problem: Data sets and baseline
   algorithm
SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS
SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)
CY AUG 11-15, 2002
CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA
SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Canadian Image Processing & Pattern Recognit Soc, Ctr Rech Informat Montreal, Matrox Imaging, Ind & Commerce Quebec, Rech, Sci & Technol Quebec, Microsoft Res, Bell, Lab Vis & Syst Numer, Comp Vis & Syst Lab, Ctr Pattern Recognit & Machine Intelligence, Ctr Etudes Reconnaissance Formes & Intelligence Artificielle, Scribers, Coreco Imaging, Precarn
ID RECOGNITION
AB Recognition of people through gait analysis is an important research topic, with potential applications in video surveillance, tracking, and monitoring. Recognizing the importance of evaluating and comparing possible competing solutions to this problem, we previously introduced the HumanID challenge problem consisting of a set of experiments of increasing difficulty, a baseline algorithm, and a large set of video sequences (about 300 GB of data related to 452 sequences from 74 subjects) acquired to investigate important dimensions of this problem, such as variations due to viewpoint, footwear, and walking surface. In this paper, we present a detailed investigation of the baseline algorithm, quantify the dependence of the various co-variates on gait-based identification, and update the previous baseline performance with optimized ones. We establish that the performance of the baseline algorithin is robust with respect to its various parameters. The overall identification performance is also stable with respect to the quality of the silhouettes. We find that the approximately lower 20% of the silhouette accounts for most of the recognition achieved. Viewpoint has barely statistically significant effect on identification rates, whereas footwear and surface-type does have significant effects with the effect due to surface-type being approximately 5 times that of shoe-type. The data set, the source code for the baseline algorithin, and UNIX scripts to reproduce the basic results reported here are available to the research community at marathon.csee.usf.edu/GaitBaseline/.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009; 
OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207; Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390
NR 9
TC 46
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 1051-4651
BN 0-7695-1695-X
J9 INT C PATT RECOG
PY 2002
BP 385
EP 388
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical;
   Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BV11L
UT WOS:000177847900095
ER

PT B
AU Morgan, AR
   Harrod, ED
AF Morgan, AR
   Harrod, ED
GP AMS
   AMS
TI NOAA polar instrument data generation for level 1B users
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Morgan, AR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, FB 4,Rm 0303,E-SP13,4401 Auth Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 7
EP 9
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200003
ER

PT B
AU Augenbaum, JM
   Luczak, RW
   Legg, G
AF Augenbaum, JM
   Luczak, RW
   Legg, G
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Recent developments in quikscat near-real-time processing at NOAA/NESDIS
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Augenbaum, JM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 4401 Suitland Dr,FB 4, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 10
EP 12
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200004
ER

PT B
AU Haggerty, P
   Sprietzer, K
   Legg, G
   Luczak, R
AF Haggerty, P
   Sprietzer, K
   Legg, G
   Luczak, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Evolution of NANOOK, the NOAA/NESDIS near-real-time MODIS processing
   system
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, IPD Fed Ctr, NESDIS, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Haggerty, P (reprint author), NOAA, IPD Fed Ctr, NESDIS, FB 4,Rm 0303,4401 Suitland Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 13
EP 15
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200005
ER

PT B
AU Schultz, P
AF Schultz, P
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Using ensembles of numerical weather forecasts for road weather
   prediction
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; MODEL
C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Schultz, P (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, R-FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 32
EP 34
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200013
ER

PT B
AU Diamond, HJ
   Habermann, T
AF Diamond, HJ
   Habermann, T
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The importance of metadata within NOAA and its vital link in providing
   access to environmental information
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1335 East West Highway,Room 7214, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 44
EP 46
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200018
ER

PT B
AU Vallee, DR
   Notchey, J
AF Vallee, DR
   Notchey, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Utilizing the Weather Forecast Office Hydrologic Forecast System for
   coastal flood operations
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Taunton, MA 02780 USA.
RP Vallee, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Taunton, MA 02780 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 47
EP 49
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200019
ER

PT B
AU Burger, EF
   Soreide, NN
AF Burger, EF
   Soreide, NN
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A web based news distribution system using PHP and MySQL
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Burger, EF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 50
EP 51
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200020
ER

PT B
AU Schweitzer, RH
AF Schweitzer, RH
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Creating custom user interfaces for the Live Access Server
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Schweitzer, RH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, NOAA, R-E-CD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 55
EP 57
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200023
ER

PT B
AU Denbo, DW
AF Denbo, DW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Using a LDAP directory server for environmental data discovery
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Denbo, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 58
EP 59
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200024
ER

PT B
AU Fabritz, JE
   Denbo, DW
AF Fabritz, JE
   Denbo, DW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Automated scanning of observational datasets for the generation of
   formal metadata
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Univ Washington, JISAO, NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Denbo, DW (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, NOAA, PMEL, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 60
EP 61
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200025
ER

PT B
AU Soreide, NN
   Overland, JE
   Zhu, WH
   Sullivan, ME
AF Soreide, NN
   Overland, JE
   Zhu, WH
   Sullivan, ME
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The unaami data collection: Web access to time series quantifying arctic
   change
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, OAR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Soreide, NN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, OAR, R-PMEL,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 62
EP 63
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200026
ER

PT B
AU Zhu, WH
   Denbo, DW
AF Zhu, WH
   Denbo, DW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Distributed data servers and client interfaces for the climate data
   portal
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Zhu, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 64
EP 65
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200027
ER

PT B
AU Soreide, NN
   Sun, CL
   Kilonsky, BJ
   Denbo, DW
   Zhu, WH
   Osborne, JR
AF Soreide, NN
   Sun, CL
   Kilonsky, BJ
   Denbo, DW
   Zhu, WH
   Osborne, JR
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A climate data portal
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Soreide, NN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Route R PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 66
EP 67
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200028
ER

PT B
AU Osborne, JR
   Denbo, DW
AF Osborne, JR
   Denbo, DW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI NdEdit: Interactive data selection tool
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Osborne, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Route R PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 68
EP 69
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200029
ER

PT B
AU Alpert, JC
   Rutledge, G
   Potter, J
   Stouffer, R
   Buja, L
   Doty, B
   Hankin, S
   Domenico, B
   Kafatos, M
AF Alpert, JC
   Rutledge, G
   Potter, J
   Stouffer, R
   Buja, L
   Doty, B
   Hankin, S
   Domenico, B
   Kafatos, M
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The plan to access real-time NWP operational model data sets using
   nomads
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Alpert, JC (reprint author), NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 73
EP 74
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200031
ER

PT B
AU Jain, M
   Adams, R
   Burcham, H
   Forren, E
   Gookin, G
   Jing, ZQ
   Nawaz, A
   Priegnitz, D
   Smith, S
   Suppes, D
   Thompson, J
AF Jain, M
   Adams, R
   Burcham, H
   Forren, E
   Gookin, G
   Jing, ZQ
   Nawaz, A
   Priegnitz, D
   Smith, S
   Suppes, D
   Thompson, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Aspects of the ORPG software development process
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Jain, M (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 81
EP 83
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200034
ER

PT B
AU Reed, JR
   Cate, G
   Skov, R
AF Reed, JR
   Cate, G
   Skov, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Experiences with the early deployment of the WSR-88D open radar product
   generator (ORPG)
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 DOC NOAA NWS WSR 88D Operat Support Facil, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Reed, JR (reprint author), DOC NOAA NWS WSR 88D Operat Support Facil, 3200 Marshall Ave, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 84
EP 86
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200035
ER

PT B
AU Simensky, JG
   Elvander, R
   Saffle, R
   Istok, M
AF Simensky, JG
   Elvander, R
   Saffle, R
   Istok, M
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Near term planned mission enhancements for the WSR-88D Open Radar
   Product Generator
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Simensky, JG (reprint author), 1325 E West Highway,SSMC2,Room 13462, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 87
EP 89
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200036
ER

PT B
AU Istok, MJ
   Stern, AD
   Ganger, TJ
   Smalley, DJ
   Seo, DJ
   McAdie, CJ
AF Istok, MJ
   Stern, AD
   Ganger, TJ
   Smalley, DJ
   Seo, DJ
   McAdie, CJ
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Experiences using WSR-88D code as a developmental tool for radar
   algorithm development
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID RAINFALL
C1 NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Istok, MJ (reprint author), NWS, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 E West Highway,SSMC2,Room 12236, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 103
EP 106
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200041
ER

PT B
AU Zahrai, A
   Torres, S
   Ivic, I
   Curtis, C
AF Zahrai, A
   Torres, S
   Ivic, I
   Curtis, C
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The open radar data acquisition (ORDA) design for the WSR-88D
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, ERL, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zahrai, A (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, ERL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 107
EP 109
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200042
ER

PT B
AU Torres, SM
   Zahrai, A
AF Torres, SM
   Zahrai, A
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Migration of WSR-88D signal processing functionality to open systems
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 110
EP 112
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200043
ER

PT B
AU Istok, MJ
   Zahrai, A
   Saffle, R
   Rivera, R
   Martindale, D
   Khanna, R
AF Istok, MJ
   Zahrai, A
   Saffle, R
   Rivera, R
   Martindale, D
   Khanna, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Near term planned mission enhancements for the WSR-88D Open Radar Data
   Acquisition System
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Istok, MJ (reprint author), NWS, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 E West Highway,SSMC2,Room 12236, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 113
EP 114
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200044
ER

PT B
AU Zrnic, DS
   Cook, RD
AF Zrnic, DS
   Cook, RD
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Evaluation of techniques to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities on
   the WSR-88D
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Cr, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 115
EP 117
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200045
ER

PT B
AU Zrnic, DS
   Zahrai, A
AF Zrnic, DS
   Zahrai, A
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Evaluation of a digital receiver for the research and development
   WSR-88D
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Cr, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 118
EP 120
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200046
ER

PT B
AU Schuur, TJ
   Elvander, RC
   Simensky, JG
   Fulton, RA
AF Schuur, TJ
   Elvander, RC
   Simensky, JG
   Fulton, RA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Joint polarization experiment (JPOLE) for the WSR-88D radar: Progress
   and plans
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
RP Schuur, TJ (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 121
EP 123
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200047
ER

PT B
AU Smith, SD
   Kelleher, K
   Lakshmivarahan, S
AF Smith, SD
   Kelleher, K
   Lakshmivarahan, S
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Compression of nexrad (WSR-88D) radar data using burrows-wheeler
   algorithm'
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Smith, SD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RI Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 133
EP 135
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200051
ER

PT B
AU Forsyth, DE
   Kimpel, JF
   Zrnic, DS
   Sandgathe, S
   Ferek, R
   Heimmer, JF
   McNellis, T
   Crain, JE
   Shapiro, AM
   Belville, JD
   Benner, W
AF Forsyth, DE
   Kimpel, JF
   Zrnic, DS
   Sandgathe, S
   Ferek, R
   Heimmer, JF
   McNellis, T
   Crain, JE
   Shapiro, AM
   Belville, JD
   Benner, W
GP AMS
   AMS
TI The National Weather Radar Testbed (phased-array)
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Radar Res & Dev Div, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Forsyth, DE (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Radar Res & Dev Div, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 140
EP 141
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200053
ER

PT B
AU Splitt, M
   Horel, J
AF Splitt, M
   Horel, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Application of Environmental Sensor Stations in the western United
   States
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, NOAA Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Splitt, M (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, NOAA Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 148
EP 149
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200056
ER

PT B
AU Wolfe, DE
   Stankov, BB
AF Wolfe, DE
   Stankov, BB
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Road-weather: Improved forecasts NOAA's Environmental Technology
   Laboratory looks ahead
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA OAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wolfe, DE (reprint author), NOAA OAR, Mail Code R-ET7,BLDG,DSRC,RM,3B139,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 153
EP 157
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200058
ER

PT B
AU Moore, CW
   Soreide, N
AF Moore, CW
   Soreide, N
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Oceanographic research at PMEL using PC and UNIX based 3-D stereo
   visualization
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID CIRCULATION; MODEL
C1 Univ Washington, PMEL, JISAO, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Moore, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, PMEL, JISAO, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 186
EP 187
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200071
ER

PT B
AU Holmes, R
AF Holmes, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Integrating external surface observations into AWIPS using LDAD
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NWS Binghamton, Johnson City, NY 13790 USA.
RP Holmes, R (reprint author), NWS Binghamton, 32 Dawes Dr, Johnson City, NY 13790 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 201
EP 202
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200076
ER

PT B
AU Tew, MA
   Battel, G
   Nelson, CA
AF Tew, MA
   Battel, G
   Nelson, CA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Implementation of a new Wind Chill Temperature index by the National
   Weather Service
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID ERRORS
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Tew, MA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 203
EP 205
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200077
ER

PT B
AU Bunkers, MJ
AF Bunkers, MJ
GP AMS
   AMS
TI A new convective sounding analysis program for AWIPS
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID TEMPERATURE; SUPERCELL
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
RP Bunkers, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, 300 E Signal Dr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 209
EP 210
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200079
ER

PT B
AU Sprietzer, K
   Haggerty, P
   Legg, G
   Luczak, R
AF Sprietzer, K
   Haggerty, P
   Legg, G
   Luczak, R
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Applications of NOAA MODIS near-real-time data
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, IPD Fed Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Sprietzer, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, IPD Fed Ctr, FB-4,RM 0303,4401 Suitland Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 211
EP 211
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200080
ER

PT B
AU Sullivan, JB
   Parker, WT
   Rizzo, KR
   Manion, J
AF Sullivan, JB
   Parker, WT
   Rizzo, KR
   Manion, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Making an impact - The future of NWS forecasts
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 NOAA, NWS, Cent Reg Headquarters, Kansas City, MO USA.
RP Sullivan, JB (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 12744 W US Hwy 26, Riverton, WY 82501 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 236
EP 238
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200089
ER

PT B
AU Woodruff, SD
   Worley, SJ
   Reynolds, RW
AF Woodruff, SD
   Worley, SJ
   Reynolds, RW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI COADS data and information handling
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
ID SURFACE
C1 NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Woodruff, SD (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 239
EP 241
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200090
ER

PT B
AU Hankin, S
   Cornillon, P
   Sirott, J
   Callahan, J
AF Hankin, S
   Cornillon, P
   Sirott, J
   Callahan, J
GP AMS
   AMS
TI NVODS: Data networking for an integrated ocean observing and prediction
   system
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
AB The National Virtual Ocean Data System (NVODS) is an effort to build the data access component of an integrated ocean observing and prediction system - a framework for broad access to ocean information. The key to success of NVODS will be the ability of a user to easily access data for specified locations and times, without special efforts or insights about the data source(s). The NVODS project brings together academic, Federal, and state institutions as well as corporate and non-profit interests.
   System components, important to the overall success of NVODS, that will be discussed are: 1) the Distributed Ocean Data System (DODS), the foundation for data communications within NVODS; 2) the Live Access Server (LAS), which provides a uniform minimal ability to visualize, subset, and "fuse" (overlay and compute differences between) NVODS data via standard web browsers; and 3) the Unidata Aggregation Server, designed to provide a single file virtual view from a multi-file collection.
   These components make it possible for suppliers of ocean data to offer their data on the Web at minimal effort -- in some cases requiring only the effort of dropping a DODS server binary onto their computer. Users can access the data in a uniform manner through the NVODS.
   Further information about NVODS, DODS, and LAS may be found at
   DODS - http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/dods/
   LAS - http://www.ferret.noaa.gov/Ferret/LAS/
   NVODS - http://www.nvods.org/.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 242
EP 244
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200091
ER

PT B
AU Denbo, DW
AF Denbo, DW
GP AMS
   AMS
TI Fisheries oceanography collaboration software
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Denbo, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 245
EP 246
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200092
ER

PT B
AU Eng, F
   Vance, CA
AF Eng, F
   Vance, CA
GP AMS
   AMS
TI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) implementation of
   Low-Rate Information Transmission (LRIT) services
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING
   SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing
   Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology
CY JAN 13-17, 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Meteorol Soc
C1 Comp Sci Corp, NOAA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Eng, F (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, NOAA, E-OSD3,Room 3317,FB4,5200 Auth Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA
PY 2002
BP 321
EP 322
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BV55B
UT WOS:000179335200119
ER

PT S
AU McLean, C
   Riddick, R
AF McLean, C
   Riddick, R
GP IEEE
   IEEE
   IEEE
   IEEE
TI Integrating distributed manufacturing simulations
SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS,
   VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE
SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS,
   CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 07-10, 2001
CL TUCSON, AZ
SP IEEE, Raytheon
C1 NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McLean, C (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 0-7803-7087-2
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2002
BP 1294
EP 1298
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
   Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering,
   Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BU92K
UT WOS:000177404200224
ER

EF