FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kasprzak, KS Jaruga, P Zastawny, TH North, SL Riggs, CW Olinski, R Dizdaroglu, M AF Kasprzak, KS Jaruga, P Zastawny, TH North, SL Riggs, CW Olinski, R Dizdaroglu, M TI Oxidative DNA base damage and its repair in kidneys and livers of nickel(II)-treated male F344 rats SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATIN; NICKEL; SITE; CARCINOGENESIS; MUTAGENESIS AB DNA base damage was assayed using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) in renal and hepatic chromatin of male F344 rats up to 14 days after a single i.p. injection of 90 mu mol Ni(II) acetate/kg body wt. Ten different damaged bases were quantified, No damage was found in either organ 12 h after Ni(II) treatment. The damage became significant only from day 1, with magnitude and persistence depending on the organ and base, In livers, levels of five DNA base products were significantly elevated over those in control rats, They were: 8-oxoguanine (by 46% at day 1 postinjection); 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (by 107% at day 1); 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil (by 94% at day 1); 5,6-dihydroxyuracil (by 128% at day 1); and 5-hydroxyhydantoin (by 39% in terms of the overall adjusted means for days 1-14 post-injection). The elevation was highest at day 1 post-injection followed by a decrease at later days, except for 5-hydroxyhydantoin. In kidneys, the levels of only three damaged bases, 8-oxoguanine, 5-hydroxyhydantoin and 5,6-dihydroxyuracil were increased significantly (by 31, 73 and 60%, respectively) and one base, 8-oxoadenine, was increased by 26%, just below significance, all in terms of overall adjusted means for days 1-14 post-injection. Hence, unlike those in the liver, the renal increases persisted for 14 days, The results reveal a tissue specific response to Ni(II)-mediated oxidative DNA base damage with apparently faster DNA repair in liver than in kidney, the main target of NL(II) carcinogenicity. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. DATA MANAGEMENT SERV INC,FCRDC,FREDERICK,MD 21702. L RYDYGIER MED SCH,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. RP Kasprzak, KS (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.2.271 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WK667 UT WOS:A1997WK66700006 PM 9054618 ER PT J AU Fahr, A Hassanzadeh, P Laszlo, B Huie, RE AF Fahr, A Hassanzadeh, P Laszlo, B Huie, RE TI Ultraviolet absorption and cross sections of propargyl (C3H3) radicals in the 230-300 nm region SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; RECOMBINATION; PHOTOLYSIS; SPECTRUM; KINETICS; ETHENYL; FLAMES; PHASE; GAS AB The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and cross sections of propargyl (C3H3) radicals have been, for the first time, determined in the gas phase in the spectral range of 230-300 nm. The propargyl radicals were produced from 193 nm excimer laser photolysis of C3H3Cl, 248 nm photolysis of C3H3Br and from reaction of Cl-atoms with propargyl chloride. The spectra obtained from the three systems were nearly identical. The ultraviolet spectrum for the propargyl radicals exhibits a relatively broad absorption with a maximum cross section of 1.2 x 10(-17) cm(2) molecule(-1) at 242 nm. The electronic transitions in propargyl radical have also been calculated by ab initio quantum chemical methods at the CASSCF, CASPT2, CIS, and EOM_CCSD levels of theory and assign the new observed band to the in plane pi*(b(2))<--pi(b(2)) allowed transition. In addition, we report here the absorption spectra and cross sections for propargyl chloride and propargyl bromide, precursors of propargyl radicals, in the spectral range of 160-230 nm. RP Fahr, A (reprint author), NIST,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 215 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(96)00334-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WK084 UT WOS:A1997WK08400006 ER PT J AU Gilson, MK Given, JA Head, MS AF Gilson, MK Given, JA Head, MS TI A new class of models for computing receptor-ligand binding affinities SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID II FORCE-FIELDS; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ALKYL FUNCTIONAL-GROUP; AIDED DRUG DESIGN; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; ALKANE MOLECULES; PROTEINS; SOLVATION; INHIBITORS; SIMULATION AB Models for predicting the binding affinities of molecules in solution are either very detailed, making them computationally intensive and hard to test, or very simple, and thus less informative than one might wish. A new class of models that focus on the predominant states of the binding molecules promise to capture the essential physics of binding at modest computational cost. RP Gilson, MK (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 54053] NR 76 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 4 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S1074-5521(97)90251-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WP129 UT WOS:A1997WP12900001 PM 9190290 ER PT J AU Helmerson, K Kishore, R Phillips, WD Weetall, HH AF Helmerson, K Kishore, R Phillips, WD Weetall, HH TI Optical tweezers-based immunosensor detects femtomolar concentrations of antigens SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lasers; antigen-antibody binding; immunoassays ID MANIPULATION AB We used optical tweezers (optical trapping technology) to measure the force required to separate antigen-antibody bonds. Under competitive-binding conditions, we used the force determination to detect and measure protein antigen concentrations as small as 1 fmol/L (10(-15) mol/L). C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Helmerson, K (reprint author), NIST,ATOM PHYS DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 2 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WF913 UT WOS:A1997WF91300019 PM 9023143 ER PT J AU Thomas, RE Carls, MG Rice, SD Shagrun, L AF Thomas, RE Carls, MG Rice, SD Shagrun, L TI Mixed function oxygenase induction in pre- and post-spawn herring (Clupea pallasi) by petroleum hydrocarbons SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; cytochrome P-450; ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase; mixed function oxygenase; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Pacific herring; pre-spawn ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; TAUTOGOLABRUS-ADSPERSUS; HYDROXYLASE-ACTIVITY; FUNCTION OXIDASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; REPRODUCTION; XENOBIOTICS; METABOLISM; OIL AB We compared the uptake of water-accommodated fractions of Alaska North Slope crude oil in pre- and post-spawn herring (Clupea pallasi) and the resulting induction of mixed function oxygenase activity. Both groups of herring accumulated significant quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in muscle tissue. Pre-spawn herring accumulated higher concentrations of hydrocarbons and retained them longer. Induction of mixed function oxygenase activity in pre-spawn fish was one-third to one-half that in post-spawn fish. Inability of pre-spawn herring to induce mixed function oxygenases at as high a level as post-spawn fish may explain higher tissue concentrations and retention of hydrocarbons in the pre-spawn animals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP Thomas, RE (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL SCI,CHICO,CA 95929, USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 116 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0742-8413(96)00147-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA WU072 UT WOS:A1997WU07200005 ER PT J AU Taylor, AD AF Taylor, AD TI Conformal map transformations for meteorological modelers SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE conformal projection; meteorological computer models; meteorological equations of motion; CMAPF; FORTRAN; C AB This paper describes a utility function library which meteorological computer modelers can incorporate in their programs to provide the mathematical transformations of conformal maps that their models may need. In addition to coordinate transformations, routines supply projection-dependent terms of the governing equations, wind component conversions, and rotation axis orientation components. The routines seamlessly handle the transitions from Polar Stereographic through Lambert Conformal to Mercator projections. Initialization routines allow concurrent handling of multiple projections, and allow a simple method of defining computational model grids to the software. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Taylor, AD (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1315 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00062-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA WM151 UT WOS:A1997WM15100006 ER PT J AU Tobias, DJ Tu, KC Klein, ML AF Tobias, DJ Tu, KC Klein, ML TI Atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations of lipid membranes SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MODEL MEMBRANES; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER; LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE-TENSION; HEAD GROUP; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; HYDRATION AB In the past few years there have been dozens of reports of atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations of lipid membranes. Regarding recent methodological developments, it is now generally accepted that there are advantages to doing membrane simulations at constant pressure, but there is also a debate on whether the external pressure should be isotropic or whether tension should be applied in the plane of the bilayer. Also, it has become clear that serious artifacts can be introduced into computer simulations if all electrostatic interactions are not taken into account. Simulations can now faithfully reproduce many known aspects of the structures of gel and liquid crystal phase bilayers, and simulators have begun to include cholesterol and proteins in membrane simulations. There is some disagreement between simulations on the details of the bilayer/water interface, and there has not been enough effort to analyze the dynamics afforded by simulations. (C) Current Chemistry Ltd. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT CHEM,CTR MOL MODELING,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Tobias, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,BLDG 235,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 NR 51 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 24 PU CURRENT SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 1359-0294 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 2 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WH824 UT WOS:A1997WH82400003 ER PT J AU Pielke, RA Lee, TJ Copeland, JH Eastman, JL Ziegler, CL Finley, CA AF Pielke, RA Lee, TJ Copeland, JH Eastman, JL Ziegler, CL Finley, CA TI Use of USGS-provided data to improve weather and climate simulations SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; land surface processes; land use data; mesoscale atmospheric modeling; RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System); regional atmospheric modeling; US Geological Survey land cover data ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; LAND SURFACES; HAPEX-MOBILHY; DRY SEASON; FLUXES; VARIABILITY; IMPACT AB This paper utilizes United States Geological Survey (USGS) data to investigate the influence of landscape structure on atmospheric circulations. The procedure to insert this data in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is described. Simulations are presented for a monthly simulation of summer weather in the United States, for case studies of cumulonimbus convection along a dryline in the Great Plains of the U.S. and over northern Georgia, and for pollutant dispersal in South Carolina. These results demonstrate the significant role that landscape, including its spatial heterogeneity, has on weather and climate. Environmental policy-makers need to consider this feedback to weather and climate, rather than just assuming the atmosphere is an external factor to such issues as ecosystem management and water resource management. This feedback between the atmosphere and the land surface needs to be considered on all spatial scales from the plot scale to the global scale. This includes studies being performed at the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites that have been established throughout the United States. This paper also demonstrates the value of the USGS data in weather and climate simulations. C1 NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, MESOSCALE RES & APPLICAT DIV, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. RP COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 60 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WK441 UT WOS:A1997WK44100002 ER PT J AU Kinnee, E Geron, C Pierce, T AF Kinnee, E Geron, C Pierce, T TI United States land use inventory for estimating biogenic ozone precursor emissions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biogenic emissions; foliar mass; GIS (Geographic Information System); isoprene; land cover; monoterpene; nitric oxide ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; RATE VARIABILITY; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT AB The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) EROS (Earth Resources Observation System) Data Center's (EDC) 1-km classified land cover data are combined with other land use data using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create the Biogenic Emissions Landcover Database (BELD). The land cover data are being used to estimate biogenic emissions in the contiguous United States. These emissions include volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vegetation and nitric oxide (NO) from soils. The EDC data are used predominately in the western United States, while other sources, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Census of Agriculture and the U.S. Forest Service Eastwide Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (EWDB), are used in the eastern United States. The EROS Data Center land cover classifications must be used with caution in heterogenous areas. Emission factors vary drastically by specific crop and tree genera, and mixed classes in the EDC scheme may not always accurately reflect the actual crop/genus mix. However, future use of satellite-derived vegetation indices and other land cover characteristics may prove useful in understanding geographic distributions of foliar mass and seasonal variation in Leaf Area Index (LAI), which are important drivers in biogenic emission models. C1 US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP Kinnee, E (reprint author), DYNTEL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 46 EP 58 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WK441 UT WOS:A1997WK44100005 ER PT J AU Eufemia, NA Collier, TK Stein, JE Watson, DE DiGiulio, RT AF Eufemia, NA Collier, TK Stein, JE Watson, DE DiGiulio, RT TI Biochemical responses to sediment-associated contaminants in brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the Niagara River ecosystem SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ameriurus nebulosus; biomarkers; sediment; genotoxicity; oxidative stress; cytochrome P450 ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; DNA ADDUCTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; CHANNEL CATFISH; MARINE FISH; PUGET-SOUND; RAT-LIVER; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS AB Brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) were collected from three sites in the Niagara River ecosystem in June and September of 1991, and sediment samples from these sites were obtained in July 1991. The sites were located in the Buffalo River, the Niagara River adjacent to the Love Canal dump site, and in Black Creek, a Canadian tributary of the Niagara River which served as a reference site. Sediment samples from these sites contained measurable concentrations of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). However, the Buffalo River and Love Canal samples were significantly more contaminated than those from Black Creek. Moreover, Buffalo River samples contained greater PAH concentrations than samples from the Love Canal, while the reverse was observed for CHs. Bile and liver of bullhead were used for the following analyses: fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, a measure of exposure to PAHs, microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) and P450IA (CYP1A) contents and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities, total glutathione (TH-GSH) concentrations, concentrations of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and concentrations of hydrophobic DNA adducts (as measured by P-32-postlabelling). Additionally, a laboratory experiment was performed to examine CYP1A-associated responses in bullhead exposed to the model inducer, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Results from the laboratory induction study were generally consistent with those observed in the field study, but the field study results suggested gen induction of CYP1A in bullhead from the reference site (Black Creek). For both field collections, fish from the Buffalo River displayed the greatest concentrations of fluorescent compounds in bile and hepatic DNA adducts, whilst fish from the Love Canal site displayed the greatest microsomal CYPIA concentrations and EROD activities. TH-GSH concentrations were significantly greater in Buffalo River fish versus Black Creek only for the June sampling. No statistically significant differences in 8-oxo-dG concentrations in bullhead hepatic DNA were observed among the sites at either sampling date. The different patterns in biochemical responses observed were consistent with sediment chemistries, and these results suggest that exposure of feral teleosts to different suites of bioavailable contaminants can be associated with expression of a characteristic array of biochemical responses. C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,ECOTOXICOL LAB,DURHAM,NC 27708. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 34 DI 10.1023/A:1018692005641 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WQ136 UT WOS:A1997WQ13600002 ER PT J AU Stehr, CM Myers, MS Burrows, DG Krahn, MM Meador, JP McCain, BB Varanasi, U AF Stehr, CM Myers, MS Burrows, DG Krahn, MM Meador, JP McCain, BB Varanasi, U TI Chemical contamination and associated liver diseases in two species of fish from San Francisco Bay and Bodega Bay SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical pollution; fish; sediment; San Francisco Bay; liver diseases ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; FLOUNDER PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; OXIDASE MFO ACTIVITY; PUGET-SOUND; WINTER FLOUNDER; ENGLISH SOLE; HEPATIC-LESIONS; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLATICHTHYS-STELLATUS; BOSTON HARBOR AB Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) and sediments were collected annually from selected sites within San Francisco Bay, and a reference site in Bodega Bay between 1984-1991. Fish livers were examined for toxicopathic lesions and analysed for selected chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) such as PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes and dieldrin; sediment and fish stomach contents were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and CHs; and bile was analysed for PAH metabolites. Sediment concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and DDTs; bile concentrations of PAH metabolites; and liver concentrations of PCBs, dieldrin and chlordanes were generally significantly higher at all San Francisco Bay sites compared to the Bodega Bay reference site. For both species, hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells was the most prevalent liver lesion detected and was statistically associated with sediment and tissue concentrations of PAHs or their metabolites, PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes and dieldrin. Temporal trends analyses showed that at Hunters Point, sediment PAHs and CHs increased between 1984-1991, while liver concentrations of CHs decreased. Liver concentrations of dieldrin in starry flounder decreased at all three San Francisco Bay sites. RP Stehr, CM (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 66 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 65 DI 10.1023/A:1018654122479 PG 31 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WQ136 UT WOS:A1997WQ13600003 ER PT J AU Lamberty, A Moody, JR VanDuffel, E DeBievre, P Broothaerts, J Taylor, P Lathen, C AF Lamberty, A Moody, JR VanDuffel, E DeBievre, P Broothaerts, J Taylor, P Lathen, C TI The ultra-clean chemical laboratory (UCCL) at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB An Ultra-Clean Chemical Laboratory (UCCL) has been built at IRMM to allow reliable, contamination-free chemical treatment of samples prior to inorganic elemental or isc,topic analysis. The concept is intended to guarantee a dust-free environment as well as resistance to corrosion even if hot concentrated mixtures of acids are continuously used, thus establishing not a clean or dust-free room but a clean laboratory. The excellent air quality is demonstrated both by particle measurements and the analysis of acids purified by subboiling distillation in the UCCL. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INST SPEKTROCHEM & ANGEW SPEKTROSKOPIE,D-4600 DORTMUND,GERMANY. RP Lamberty, A (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,JOINT RES CTR,INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS,RETIESEWEG,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 357 IS 4 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s002160050170 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WM018 UT WOS:A1997WM01800001 ER PT J AU Tai, SSC Christensen, RG Sander, LC Welch, MJ AF Tai, SSC Christensen, RG Sander, LC Welch, MJ TI Certification of morphine-3-beta-D-glucoronide in a human urine standard reference material SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; PATELLA-VULGATA; MORPHINE; HYDROLYSIS; CODEINE; ACID; HEROIN AB The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed and certified a standard reference material, SRM 2382, for use in testing for bias in the determination of morphine present as a glucuronide in human urine. This SRM consists of three levels of morphine-3-beta-D-glucuronide (M-3-G) in lyophilized urine. Two independent hydrolysis procedures, enzymatic and acidic, for quantitative release of morphine were investigated. The results of hydrolysis efficiency from these two procedures agreed well. These two hydrolysis procedures along with two analytical methods developed previously for measurement of free morphine [1] were used to certify M-3-G in SRM 2382. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used with the GC/MS method and acidic hydrolysis was used with LC/MS. The results from these two pairs of methods were in good agreement, and were statistically combined to yield certified values of 209+/-20, 437+/-21, and 853+/-39 ng/mL for morphine, as the free base. Round-robin studies on this material among ten military laboratories demonstrated the suitability of the SRM for its intended purpose. C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,NORTHFIELD,IL 60093, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 357 IS 4 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s002160050172 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WM018 UT WOS:A1997WM01800004 ER PT J AU Johnson, LL Norberg, B Willis, ML Zebroski, H Swanson, P AF Johnson, LL Norberg, B Willis, ML Zebroski, H Swanson, P TI Isolation, characterization, and radioimmunoassay of Atlantic halibut somatolactin and plasma levels during stress and reproduction in flatfish SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESUMED PITUITARY-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; PARS-INTERMEDIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROLACTIN FAMILY; MARINE TELEOSTS AB Somatolactin (SL), a recently identified teleost pituitary hormone which is a member of the growth hormone/ prolactin family, was isolated from pituitary tissue of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Pituitary proteins were extracted in ammonium bicarbonate (pH 7.8), fractionated using gel filtration chromatography, and purified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Halibut SL was identified on the basis of molecular size (determined by gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy), cross-reactivity of the putative hormone with antisera to cod SL, and N-terminal amino acid sequence. Polyclonal antibodies to purified halibut SL were raised in rabbits, and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for measurement of plasma concentrations of SL using purified halibut SL as a standard. The RIA was tested in several flatfish species including Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), and rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata). The assay was specific for SL as indicated by absence of cross-reactivity with Atlantic halibut growth hormone, prolactin, and GTH alpha subunit. Dilutions of plasma and pituitary extracts from Pacific halibut, English sole, and rock sole were parallel to the Atlantic halibut SL standard curve, indicating that the assay is valid for a range of flatfish species. Using halibut SL antiserum, SL was localized in the pars intermedia of English sole pituitary, where it has been identified in previously examined teleost species. The RIA was used to measure plasma levels of SL in Atlantic halibut and English sole during reproductive development, and in English sole subjected to various types of environmental stressors, including handling and crowding. In both sole and halibut, plasma SL concentrations remained relatively constant throughout gonadal development, but dropped during or following ovulation. Plasma SL levels in English sole tended to increase in response to acute stress, in parallel with plasma cortisol levels. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT CHEM, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL FISHERIES, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. INST MARINE RES, AUSTEVOLL AQUACULTURE RES STN, N-5392 STOREBO, NORWAY. RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 57 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 105 IS 2 BP 194 EP 209 DI 10.1006/gcen.1996.6821 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WK783 UT WOS:A1997WK78300007 PM 9038252 ER PT J AU Ishibashi, J Wakita, H Okamura, K Nakayama, E Feely, RA Lebon, GT Baker, ET Marumo, K AF Ishibashi, J Wakita, H Okamura, K Nakayama, E Feely, RA Lebon, GT Baker, ET Marumo, K TI Hydrothermal methane and manganese variation in the plume over the superfast-spreading southern East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID APPARENT MAGMATIC BUDGET; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FUCA RIDGE; 11-DEGREES-50'N; 8-DEGREES-40'; WATER; JUAN; IRON AB Onboard analyses of dissolved CH, and Mn were conducted on the water column along the southern East Pacific Rise between 13 degrees 50' and 18 degrees 40'S during the 1993 RIDGE FLUX Cruise. Many hydrothermal plumes were identified by chemical anomalies which overlie more than half of the surveyed ridge crest. The CH4/Mn ratio in the plumes shows wide variability ranges from about 0.05 to 3.9 due to wide range of CH4 concentration. The CH4-rich plumes were detected in the region of 16 degrees 00'-18 degrees 40'S where vigorous magmatic budget was confirmed by previous studies. Moreover, the CH4/Mn ratio of the plumes is highly correlated with other volatile/metal parameters such as the S/Fe ratio in plume particulate. These results strongly suggest that volatile input caused by magmatic perturbation to hydrothermal systems is responsible for the CH4/Mn variability in the southern EPR plumes, based on analogy of the case at the EPR 9 degrees 50'N site. The detection of several volatile-rich plumes and the extensive hydrothermal flux of volatile species are attributed to frequent magmatic events in the superfast spreading southern EPR. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 KYOTO UNIV,FAC SCI,RES CTR INSTRUMENTAL ANAL,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. GEOL SURVEY JAPAN,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP Ishibashi, J (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC SCI,EARTHQUAKE CHEM LAB,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RI OKAMURA, Kei/C-7817-2011 OI OKAMURA, Kei/0000-0002-7796-4284 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 485 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00304-3 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WK514 UT WOS:A1997WK51400001 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Manabe, S Stouffer, RJ AF Delworth, TL Manabe, S Stouffer, RJ TI Multidecadal climate variability in the Greenland Sea and surrounding regions: A coupled model simulation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; ICE AB Pronounced oscillations of ocean temperature and salinity occur in the Greenland Sea in a 2000 year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The oscillations, involving both the surface and subsurface ocean layers, have a timescale of approximately 40-80 years, and are associated with fluctuations in the intensity of the East Greenland Current. The Greenland Sea temperature and salinity variations are preceded by large-scale changes in near-surface salinity in the Arctic, which appear to propagate out of the Arctic through the East Greenland Current. These anomalies then propagate around the subpolar gyre into the Labrador Sea and the central North Atlantic. These oscillations are coherent with previously identified multi-decadal fluctuations in the intensity of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The oscillations in the Greenland Sea are related to atmospheric variability. Negative (cold) anomalies of surface air temperature are associated with negative (cold) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Greenland Sea, with amplitudes up to 2 degrees C near Greenland declining to several tenths of a degree C over northwestern Europe. The cold SST anomalies and intensified East Greenland Current are also associated with enhanced northerly winds over the Greenland Sea. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 17 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1029/96GL03927 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WG511 UT WOS:A1997WG51100014 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD AF Milly, PCD TI Sensitivity of greenhouse summer dryness to changes in plant rooting characteristics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE; INCREASES; RESPONSES; MODEL AB A possible consequence of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere is ''summer dryness,'' a decrease of summer plant-available soil water in middle latitudes, caused by increased availability of energy to drive evapotranspiration. Results from a numerical climate model indicate that summer dryness and related changes of land-surface water balances are highly sensitive to possible concomitant changes of plant-available water-holding capacity of soil, which depends on plant rooting depth and density. The model suggests that a 14% decrease of the soil volume whose water is accessible to plant roots would generate the same summer dryness, by one measure, as an equilibrium doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Conversely, a 14% increase of that soil volume would be sufficient to offset the summer dryness associated with carbon-dioxide doubling. Global and regional changes in rooting depth and density may result from (1) plant and plant-community responses to greenhouse warming, to carbon-dioxide fertilization, and to associated changes in the water balance and (2) anthropogenic deforestation and desertification. Given their apparently critical role, heretofore ignored, in global hydroclimatic change, such changes of rooting characteristics should be carefully evaluated using ecosystem observations, theory, and models. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,US GEOL SURVEY,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1029/96GL03968 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WG511 UT WOS:A1997WG51100017 ER PT J AU Kimura, DK Zenger, HH AF Kimura, DK Zenger, HH TI Standardizing sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) long-line survey abundance indices by modeling the log-ratio of paired comparative fishing cpues SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE linear models; functional regression models ID MULTIPLICATIVE MODEL; REGRESSION AB From 1979 to 1994, the US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Fisheries Agency of Japan (FAJ, 1979-1988), and later the North Pacific Cooperative Fisheries Company (NPCFC, 1989-1994), have performed joint long-line surveys-chartered Japanese commercial fishing vessels in the Gulf of Alaska. These surveys were designed primarily to monitor the relative abundance of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). To prepare for the future termination of these joint surveys, between 1988 and 1994 NMFS performed similar long-line surveys aboard US vessels in the Gulf of Alaska. These paired (i.e. duplicated) surveys from 1988 to 1994, provide a basis for comparing future NMFS survey results with the past time series of joint US and Japanese surveys (i.e. the joint 1979-1994 surveys). This paper describes how modeling the log-ratio of paired cpue results (i.e. the log[(NMFS cpue)/(joint cpue)]), from a standardized survey design, was used to provide a basis for converting the joint survey cpue values to values directly comparable to those from the NMFS surveys. This was necessary because sablefish long-line surveys will be carried out solely by NMFS in the future. RP Kimura, DK (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, BLDG 4 BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 54 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0181 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA WK959 UT WOS:A1997WK95900005 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL DeLyser, RR German, RF McKenna, P Kanda, M AF Holloway, CL DeLyser, RR German, RF McKenna, P Kanda, M TI Comparison of electromagnetic absorber used in anechoic and semi-anechoic chambers for emissions and immunity testing of digital devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB The absorber used in anechoic and semi-anechoic chambers employed for emissions and immunity testing of digital devices is examined, Using reflectivities obtained by the method of homogenization, the advantages and disadvantages of urethane pyramids, twisted-pyramids, wedges, as well as ferrite tiles, ferrite grids, and ''hybrid'' combinations of urethanes and ferrites, are determined. General reflectivity guidelines are also presented for comparing absorber used for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of digital devices from 30 to 1000 MHz. C1 UNIV DENVER,DEPT ENGN,DENVER,CO 80208. LLC,BOULDER,CO 80304. ELECT MAGNET APPLICAT INC,LAKEWOOD,CO 80226. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,INST TELECOMMUN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 57 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1109/15.554693 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WH529 UT WOS:A1997WH52900005 ER PT J AU Mauldin, RL Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR AF Mauldin, RL Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR TI The reaction of O(P-3) with OClO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; PHOTOLYSIS; PERCHLORATE; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRUM; CL2O3; OCIO AB The laser photolysis-long path transient absorption technique was used to study the mechanism and products of the reaction O(P-3) + OClO(M)under right arrow Products (3) at 260 K in 100 to 400 torr of He, N-2, and Ar. ClO was not detected as a reaction product, < 5% yield, from this reaction at 400 torr and 260 K. A broad UV absorption feature associated with a product of this reaction, with a peak located at 260 nm, was observed. The peak absorption cross section of this species was measured to be (1.72 +/- 0.12) X 10-(17) cm(2) molecule(-1). The rate coefficient for the appearance of this species was measured to be (1.69 +/- 0.46) X 10-(13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and was independent of pressure. The rate coefficient for the appearance of the species is ca. 10 times lower than that for the disappearance of O(P-3), indicating that the observed species is not a direct product of the reaction of O(P-3) with OClO. Mechanistic considerations and the possible identity of the absorber are discussed. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:2<139::AID-KIN8>3.0.CO;2-V PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WD893 UT WOS:A1997WD89300008 ER PT J AU Gossard, EE Snider, JB Clothiaux, EE Martner, B Gibson, JS Kropfli, RA Frisch, AS AF Gossard, EE Snider, JB Clothiaux, EE Martner, B Gibson, JS Kropfli, RA Frisch, AS TI The potential of 8-mm radars for remotely sensing cloud drop size distributions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; STRATUS CLOUD; WIND PROFILER; SPECTRA AB This paper describes the use of a vertically pointing 8.6-mm-wavelength Doppler radar for measuring drop size spectra in clouds. The data used were collected in the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment in 1992. This paper uses the full Doppler velocity spectrum from the time series of Doppler radial velocities to extract information farther into the small-drop regime than previously attempted. The amount of liquid residing in the cloud regime is compared with that found in the precipitation regime where drop fall velocities are resolvable. Total liquid is compared with that measured with a collocated three-channel microwave radiometer. Examples of number density spectra, liquid water spectra, and flux spectra are shown and compared with what is known of these quantities from various in situ measurements by aircraft in similar clouds. Error estimates and uncertainties are discussed. It is concluded that 8-mm Doppler radars have the potential for broader use in cloud and precipitation studies than generally realized. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT METEOROL, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. RP NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ETL, REET4, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<0076:TPOMRF>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WD273 UT WOS:A1997WD27300006 ER PT J AU Doswell, CA LasherTrapp, S AF Doswell, CA LasherTrapp, S TI On measuring the degree of irregularity in an observing network SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION; IMPACT AB Meteorological observing networks are nearly always irregularly distributed in space. This irregularity generally has an adverse impact on objective analysis and must be accounted for when designing an analysis scheme. Unfortunately, there has been no completely satisfactory measure of the degree of irregularity, which is of particular significance when designing artificial sampling networks for empirical studies of the impact of this spatial distribution irregularity. The authors propose a measure of the irregularity of sampling point distributions based on the gradient of the sums of the weights used in an objective analysis. Two alternatives that have been proposed, the fractal dimension and a ''nonuniformity ratio,'' are examined as candidate measures, but the new method presented here is considered superior to these because it can be used to create a spatial ''map'' that illustrates the spatial structure of the irregularities in a sampling network, as well as to assign a single number to the network as a whole. Testing the new measure with uniform and artificial networks shows that this parameter seems to exhibit the desired properties. When tested with the United States surface and upper-air networks, the parameter provides quantitative information showing that the surface network is much more irregular than the rawinsonde network. It is shown that artificial networks can be created that duplicate the characteristics of the surface and rawinsonde networks; in the case of the surface network, however, a declustered version of the observation site distribution is required. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP Doswell, CA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<0120:OMTDOI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WD273 UT WOS:A1997WD27300009 ER PT J AU Hemingway, BS Robie, RA Chase, MW AF Hemingway, BS Robie, RA Chase, MW TI Molar heat capacity and entropy of calcium metal SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE calcium; calorimetry; entropy; heat capacity; thermodynamic properties ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STANDARD; COPPER AB The heat capacity of calcium has been measured at 85 mean temperatures between T approximate to 8K and T approximate to 369K using an adiabatically-shielded calorimeter in an intermittent healing mode. At T = 298.15 K, the recommended values for the molar heat capacity, molar entropy, and molar enthalpy increment referred to T = 0 are (25.77 +/- 0.08) J . K--l. mol(-1), (42.90 +/- O.11)J . K-1. mol(-1), and (5811 +/- 12) J . mol(-1), respectively. The uncertainties are twice the standard deviation of the mean. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PHYS & CHEM PROPERT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0154 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA WK779 UT WOS:A1997WK77900006 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Mo, KC AF Higgins, RW Mo, KC TI Persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and the tropical intraseasonal oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; LIFE-CYCLES; TIME SCALES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ROTATIONAL FLOW; LINEAR-MODEL; CONVECTION; TELECONNECTIONS AB A composite analysis of multiyear (1985-93) global reanalyses produced by the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO is used to show that the development of persistent North Pacific (PNP) circulation anomalies during NH winter is linked to tropical intraseasonal oscillations. The development is initiated over the tropical west Pacific by anomalous convection (characterized by an east-west dipole structure) one to two weeks prior to the extratropical onset time in both reanalyses. As tropical heating moves eastward toward the central Pacific, anomalous divergent outflow associated with the local Hadley circulation generates an anomalous Rossby wave sink (source) in the subtropics, consistent with the retraction (extension) of the Pacific jet. Prior to onset the signature of the forced anomalies is a pair of cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation anomalies centered near the node of the tropical heating dipole. Wave trains extending from the region of anomalous convection into the extratropics set the stage for the subsequent rapid development of the PNP anomalies. After onset, the mature PNP anomalies extend equatorward to feed back (through modifications to the moisture transport) on the tropical precipitation anomalies. Throughout the evolution, the tropical precipitation anomalies and the extratropical PNP anomalies evolve coherently with tropical intraseasonal oscillations in both reanalyses. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NCEP,ANAL BRANCH,CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 53 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0223:PNPCAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ835 UT WOS:A1997WJ83500005 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Orsi, AH AF Johnson, GC Orsi, AH TI Southwest Pacific Ocean water-mass changes between 1968/69 and 1990/91 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; TRANSPACIFIC HYDROGRAPHIC SECTIONS; ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; 43 DEGREES S; 28 DEGREES S; SCORPIO EXPEDITION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SALINITY AB Water-mass changes are estimated in the southwest Pacific Ocean by comparing a meridional hydrographic section along 170 degrees W between 60 degrees S and the equator occupied in 1968/69 during the Southern Cross cruise and again in 1990 during a NOAA Climate and Global Change cruise. Another comparison is made using hydrographic section along 35 degrees S between the date line and 169 degrees W occupied in 1969 during USNS Eltanin cruise 40 and again in 1991 during a Mapkiwi cruise. ,The most robust change consists of cooling (and freshening) on isopycnals, with peak differences exceeding -1.0 degrees C (-0.25 pss) at the base of the subtropical thermocline. The cooling and freshening starts above the stratification minimum of the Subantarctic Mode Water and persists to below the salinity minimum of the Antarctic Intermediate Water. Amplitudes are largest at 48 degrees S, near where these water masses subduct, and decay toward 20 degrees S, near the axis of the Subtropical Gyre. This change is likely the result of surface warming and/or freshening at high latitudes, where these water masses are formed before they ventilate the base of the subtropical thermocline. Isopycnals tend to deepen south of 35 degrees S and to shoal more weakly from 35 degrees to 20 degrees S. These changes are consistent with a simple model response to high-latitude warming. Results from the section comparisons are put ina larger context by estimating interdecadal changes on isopycnals throughout the South Pacific Ocean. In addition, two changes consistent with a strengthened southern influence are found within the Lower Circumpolar Water from the Chatham Rise at 43 degrees S to the Samoa Passage at 10 degrees S. Cooling and freshening erode the tap of the deep salinity maximum of the modified North Atlantic Deep Water. In the weakly stratified abyssal layer, the modified Antarctic Bottom water cools by about 0.025 degrees C. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 29 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0306:SPOWMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ835 UT WOS:A1997WJ83500011 ER PT J AU Robock, A Vinnikov, KY AF Robock, A Vinnikov, KY TI Evaluation of land-surface parameterization schemes using observations - Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; BIOSPHERE; MODELS C1 PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. RP Robock, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 377 EP 379 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0377:REOLSP>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ835 UT WOS:A1997WJ83500017 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Mao, Y Carey, CM Chow, LC AF Vogel, GL Mao, Y Carey, CM Chow, LC TI Changes in the permselectivity of human teeth during caries attack SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE permselectivity; caries; enamel; dentin; cementum ID HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL; PLAQUE FLUID; DENTAL-CARIES; DEMINERALIZATION; DIFFUSION; ACID; PH; SOLUBILITY; INVITRO; SUCROSE AB Previous studies have shown that enamel permselectivity can influence fluid composition within caries lesions during de- and remineralization. The permselectivity of human enamel, cementum, and dentin sections was examined, in a microwell model, by measurement of the membrane potential developed by KCl diffusion while the sections were immersed in solutions simulating resting (pH=5.6) and cariogenic plaque fluid (pH=4.8). In a second experiment, the effects of charged compounds (phytate and Zonyl-FSC) on the tooth permselectivity were examined. The average membrane potentials (+/-SD) in ''resting plaque'' solution were: sound enamel, 18.9+/-3.2 mV, n=42; dentin, 0.9+/-9.2 mV, n=59; and cementum, -0.8+/-8.2 mV, n=42, with a positive sign indicating cation selectivity. The average membrane potentials became more negative in ''cariogenic plaque'' solution for all types of sections: sound enamel, 5.2+/-2.1 mV, n=46; dentin, -8.1+/-7.4 mV, n=45; and cementum, -14.3+/-8.0 mV, n=34. In lesion enamel sections, the membrane potential was reduced from the non-lesion wells in both types of test solutions, while phytate treatment caused an increase of approximately 10 mV in potential (increased cation selectivity) in every enamel well in either ''resting'' or ''cariogenic'' solution. Treatment of enamel sections with Zonyl-FSC caused the membrane potential to become more negative in both test solutions, with many of the wells showing anion selectivity in the cariogenic ''plaque-like'' solution. However, the changes in enamel membrane potentials induced by Zonyl-FSC slowly increased toward the initial values after treatment, while the effects of the phytate pre-treatment persisted. Most dentin sections treated with phytate also showed an increase in potential after phytate treatment; however, Zonyl-FSC seemed to have little effect on the membrane potential of dentin. The results of this study suggest that modification of tooth permselectivity by surface-active agents may be a viable method of decreasing the rate of caries progression. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,ROOM A153,BLDG 224,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Rastelli, Marcio/B-8034-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05354, DE10840] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 673 EP 681 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WL793 UT WOS:A1997WL79300008 PM 9062561 ER PT J AU Waytena, GL Hoff, HA Isaacson, IP Rebbert, ML Ma, DI Marrian, C Suehle, JS AF Waytena, GL Hoff, HA Isaacson, IP Rebbert, ML Ma, DI Marrian, C Suehle, JS TI The optimization of the double mask system to minimize the contact resistance of a Ti/Pt/Au contact SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE contact resistance; diamond; metallization; ohmic contact; Ti diffusion; transmission line model ID DIAMOND AB The fabrication of Ti/Pt/Au ohmic contacts on diamond using two transmission line model masks during the photolithography step was modified as a result of the adverse effects on the resistance from the rectifying lip created by the overlap of the two masks, and the possible inhibition of carbide formation due to the presence of oxygen on the diamond surface before metallization. The first modification consisted of decreasing the rectifying lip by diffusing a small amount of Ti from beneath the contact defined by the first mask, and decreasing the overlap of the two masks from 5 to 2 mu m, which is close to the minimum allowable by our photolithography techniques. The second modification consisted of the desorption of oxygen from the diamond surface using a heat treatment in vacuum and cool down in purified hydrogen. As a result of these changes, the contact resistance was decreased by more than two orders of magnitude from 8.1 x 10(-2) Ohm-cm(2) to 1.2 x 10(-4) Ohm-cm(2). C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,RES LAB,NANOELECT PROC FACIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0094-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA WH841 UT WOS:A1997WH84100007 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, T TI A profile of General Carlos Ibanez e Ibanez de Ibero: First president of the International Geodetic Association SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Item About an Individual AB The exploits of the multifaceted scientist (engineer-geodesist-metrologist) General Carlos Ibanez e Ibanez de Ibero (1825-1891). Marques de Mulhacen. are recounted. A bibliography of his relevant work is included. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA,NOS,NATL GEODET SURVEY,1315 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD FEB PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s001900050086 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA WJ439 UT WOS:A1997WJ43900006 ER PT J AU Coffey, HE AF Coffey, HE TI Geomagnetic and solar data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP Coffey, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR A SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A2 BP 2439 EP 2439 DI 10.1029/97JA00061 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WF648 UT WOS:A1997WF64800042 ER PT J AU Lee, BW Cook, LP Schenck, PK WongNg, W Chiang, CK Brody, PS Bennett, KW AF Lee, BW Cook, LP Schenck, PK WongNg, W Chiang, CK Brody, PS Bennett, KW TI Processing and characterization of compositionally modified PbTiO3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TITANATE CERAMICS; PRESSURE AB Modified lead titanate of 0.9PbTiO(3)-0.1Pb(Mg0.5W0.5)O-3 thin films have been deposited onto Pt-coated Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Films were crystallized in situ during deposition or by post-depositional heat treatment (post-annealing). Compositional and structural characterization showed that the phase formation and microstructure of the films were highly sensitive to deposition conditions. Perovskite single phase films were formed in situ at 650 degrees C, P-O2 = 40 Pa as well as by post-annealing amorphous films at 650 degrees C. In the post-annealing process, the amorphous as-deposited phase was crystallized to perovskite and/or pyrochlore, and the ratio of perovskite to pyrochlore was found to be influenced by the depositional P-O2. Depending on the deposition temperature, the grain structures of the crystallized films were columnar or equiaxed. A relatively homogeneous surface morphology was obtained by deposition at a lower pressure (P-O2 = 13 Pa). The in situ crystallized films showed variable crystallographic orientation. The more (111) oriented films had the lowest remanent polarizations and the highest coercive fields. A method for preparing randomly oriented films, via a two-step deposition process with intermediate annealing, is believed to give the most consistent results and the best ferroelectric properties at the present level of development. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0073 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WF468 UT WOS:A1997WF46800037 ER PT J AU Fraser, GT Lovas, FJ Suenram, RD Karyakin, EN Grushow, A Burns, WA Leopold, KR AF Fraser, GT Lovas, FJ Suenram, RD Karyakin, EN Grushow, A Burns, WA Leopold, KR TI Microwave and submillimeter-wave spectra of the mixed deuterated-protonated water-dimer isotopomers SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTRUM; RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; AMMONIA DIMER; INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATION; ENERGY-LEVELS; MONTE-CARLO; (D2O)2; STATES; DYNAMICS AB The microwave and submillimeter-wave rotation-tunneling spectra of several mixed deuterated-protonated isotopomers of the water dimer have been measured up to 460 GHz using an electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer, a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer, and a far-infrared CO2-laser difference-frequency spectrometer. Spectra were recorded for the a-type K-a = 0-0 and 1-1 and b- and/or c-type K-a = 1-0 bands for H2O-DOD, D2O-HOH, D2O-DOH, H2O-HOD, D2O-HOD, H2O-DOH, DHO-HOH, and DHO-DOD, where O-D or O-H denotes the two atoms directly involved in the hydrogen bonding. Spectra of D2O-HOH, H2O-HOD, D2O-HOD, and HDO-HOH, which are higher-energy isomers of H2O-DOD, H2O-DOH, D2O-DOH, and H2O-DOH, respectively, have not been reported previously. These higher-energy isomers are not significantly populated in Ar molecular beams, such as used in many of the previous microwave studies. Here, we obtain information on two of the three major tunneling processes found in the water dimer, the tunneling interchange of the two protons/deuterons on the proton-acceptor subunit and the tunneling interchange of the two protons/deuterons on the proton-donor subunit. The observed rotation-tunneling selection rules are consistent with previously proposed pathways for these tunneling processes. For H2O-DOD, D2O-HOH, and DHO-HOH we find donor interchange tunneling splittings of 24.4(11), 864.14(29), and 1809.39(9) MHz, respectively, averaged over K-a = 0 and 1, and for DHO-DOD we find a donor-interchange tunneling splitting of 16.8(1) MHz for K-a = 0. For DHO-DOD we also determined the proton/deuteron acceptor interchange tunneling splitting for K-a = 0 as 107 723.7(1) MHz, similar to the 117 441.0(2) MHz valued determined previously for DHO-HOD. Because the position of the D/H involved in the hydrogen bonding is nearly coincident with the center of mass of the dimer, isotopomers which only differ by isotopic nuclei at this position have strikingly similar spectra. The present measurements furnish rotational constant and tunneling splitting data to use in the testing and refinement of proposed intermolecular potentials describing water dimer. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 INST PHYS APPL,MOL SPECTROSCOPY LAB,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), NIST,DIV OPT TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 181 IS 2 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.7170 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA WH318 UT WOS:A1997WH31800001 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT AF Hougen, JT TI Coordinates, Hamiltonian, and symmetry operations for the small-amplitude vibrational problem in methyl-top internal-rotor molecules like CH3CHO SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Motivated by attempts to understand the mechanism(s) by which internal rotation of methyl tops strongly enhances intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, a vibration-torsion-rotation Hamiltonian has been constructed for molecules containing one C-3 nu rotor. Internal rotation is taken to be slow compared to the other vibrations, so that the small-amplitude vibrational problem is solved for each value of the torsional angle, and the angular momentum operator associated with internal rotation motion is grouped with the three components of the total angular momentum operator. Even though the molecular symmetry group for two common basis-function sets is isomorphic with C-3 nu, small-amplitude vibrational eigenvectors resulting from diagonalization of the FG matrix may change sign when the methyl top is rotated by 2 pi, so that a double group of C-3 nu must be used to classify vibrational eigenvectors. This sign change seems to be related to the fact that the CH3CHO molecule passes through two chemically different C-s configurations during the internal rotation motion. Some changes in the G matrix are required because the torsional constraint is not orthogonal to traditional bond stretching and angle bending vibrations. Several remaining questions concerning application of the present formalism are pointed out. These will probably be answered only when the formalism is applied to vibrational data (particularly torsionally mediated perturbations) of example molecules like acetaldehyde and methanol. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP NIST, DIV OPT TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 181 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.7177 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA WH318 UT WOS:A1997WH31800005 ER PT J AU Flater, D AF Flater, D TI Generalized message-passing in a virtual reality application SO JOURNAL OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article AB The message-passing semantics of an object-oriented programming language is one of the factors that determines how powerful the language is. Whether it is referred to as a ''method invocation,'' a ''dispatching call,'' an ''event,'' a ''signal,'' or something else, each object-oriented programming language supports some operation that is similar in effect to ''message passing.'' What differs from language to language is the semantics of that message passing. These semantics largely determine the degree to which an object-oriented language supports polymorphism, overloading, type checking, and abstraction. Although it is theoretically possible to implement any given application in any computationally complete language, the flexibility of the language that is used will, in practice, have a great influence over the shape of the final product. Those features that are extremely difficult to implement in the language being used are less likely to be implemented. If the project is one where the choice of programming language is not as important as the quality of the final product, such as in a research environment, then it is wise to investigate the alternatives. Virtual reality is one research application that can easily be hampered by the limitations inherent in a programming language. We define the concepts of recipient resolution and action resolution, discuss their application to virtual reality, and suggest an approach for extending Objective-C to support them. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIGS PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 71 WEST 23RD ST, 3RD FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0896-8438 J9 J OBJECT-ORIENT PROG JI J. Object-Oriented Program. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 9 IS 9 BP 24 EP & PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA WD017 UT WOS:A1997WD01700006 ER PT J AU Pine, AS AF Pine, AS TI Line mixing sum rules for the analysis of multiplet spectra SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC RATES; NU-1/2-NU-2 FERMI DYAD; TUNABLE-DIODE-LASER; Q-BRANCH; BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; VOIGT FUNCTION AB In the impact approximation, the spectrum of transitions overlapped by collisional broadening is given by a sum over Lorentzian absorption and dispersion profiles about each transition. The dispersion components arise from the interference among lines coupled by the collisions, and their magnitudes and signs are given by the line mixing parameters. The line mixing parameters, as well as the transition intensities, widths and shifts, are obtained from inversion of the relaxation matrix and may be highly non-linear in pressure when the coupled lines are strongly overlapped. For any overlap, however, the line mixing parameters summed over all coupled lines is zero and the total integrated intensities, widths and shifts are conserved. These sum rules may be used as constraints in least-squares fitting of multiplet spectra to reduce the number of free parameters and their correlation. Also for the fitting of spectra at atmospheric pressures, a prescription is given for incorporating Doppler broadening and Dicke narrowing. RP Pine, AS (reprint author), NIST,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 62 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(96)00129-X PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA WH022 UT WOS:A1997WH02200001 ER PT J AU Pine, AS AF Pine, AS TI N-2 and Ar broadening and line mixing in the P and R branches of the nu(3) band of CH4 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; LOW-TEMPERATURES; LORENTZ WIDTH; METHANE LINES; NU-3 BAND; (CH4)-C-12; CM-1 AB N-2- and Ar-broadened spectra of the allowed P- and R-branch manifolds for J less than or equal to 10 in the v(3) band of CH4, have been recorded from the Doppler limit to similar to 67 kPa at T=295 K using a tunable difference-frequency laser spectrometer. The broadening coefficients exhibit larger variations among the tetrahedral components in the R-branch manifolds than in the P branch, which in turn are very similar to the Q branch previously measured [A.S. Pine, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 773 (1992)]. The broadenings for Ar are uniformly 88(1)% of those for Nz. Line intensities, pressure shifts and Dicke narrowing coefficients are also obtained. Strong line mixing among the blended tetrahedral components is observed, and an analysis is presented restricting line coupling among transitions with the same nuclear spin A, E or F symmetry with the sum of the mixing coefficients for a given symmetry in a J manifold constrained to zero. RP Pine, AS (reprint author), NIST,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 60 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 157 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(96)00130-6 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA WH022 UT WOS:A1997WH02200002 ER PT J AU Blaauw, M Mackey, EAM AF Blaauw, M Mackey, EAM TI Neutron self-shielding in hydrogenous samples SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis (MTAA-9) CY SEP 24-30, 1995 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Geol Min & Mat, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Korean Soc Anal Sci ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SCATTERING AB Measurements performed in the past to determine sensitivity enhancements (later identified as neutron density increases) in PGNAA as a function of hydrogen concentration in slab-shaped samples are described. The results are compared to the results of Monte Carlo computations. It is concluded that, like H2O, D2O can also cause substantial neutron density increases. In one concentrated salt solution, however, D2O seems to cause a neutron density decrease that cannot be explained from the macroscopic neutron scattering and absorption cross sections in the model used. C1 NIST,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Blaauw, M (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,INTERFAC REACTOR INST,MEKELWEG 15,NL-2629 JB DELFT,NETHERLANDS. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1007/BF02034497 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA XV467 UT WOS:A1997XV46700012 ER PT J AU Pitchford, M Green, M AF Pitchford, M Green, M TI Analyses of sulfur aerosol size distributions for a forty-day period in summer 1992 at Meadview, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Aerosols and Atmospheric Optics: Radiative Balance and Visual Air Quality Conference CY SEP 26-30, 1994 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Geophys Union ID UNITED-STATES AB A DRUM (Davis Rotating-drum Universal-size-cut Monitoring) impactor was employed at Meadview, AZ, from July 12 to September 2, 1992, during the Project MOHAVE (Measurement of Haze and Visual Effects) summer intensive monitoring period. The DRUM impactor collects aerosol from 0.07- to 15-mu m diameter in eight size ranges on the outside curved surface of eight drums rotating one revolution per month. Focused beam PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) analysis of the aerosol deposits results in a time history of size-resolved elemental composition with 6-hour resolution. Comparisons of the component composition of less than 2.5-mu m diameter particles from the DRUM impactor with the composition of the PM(2.5) from the collocated IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) filter sampler are used to assess the quality of DRUM data. Comparisons are also made of the sulfur concentrations in three size ranges below 2.5 um as measured by the DRUM and MOUDI (Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) samplers. From these analyses a 40-day period of DRUM sulfur data (155 6-hour time periods) is identified for subsequent use to generate and analyze sulfur size distributions. Techniques to display and summarize these sulfur size distribution histories are developed, including contoured plots of sulfur concentration by size and time, and cluster analysis. The results indicate that all periods can be well represented by several distinct size distributions. Relationships between these characteristic distributions and coincident meteorological, air quality, and optical parameters are determined and the consequences of these relationships discussed. C1 DESERT RES INST,LAS VEGAS,NV 89132. RP Pitchford, M (reprint author), NOAA,APPL SCI BRANCH,SPECIAL OPERAT & RES DIV,AIR RESOURCES LAB,POB 94227,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ729 UT WOS:A1997WJ72900004 ER PT J AU WongNg, W Roth, RS Rawn, CJ AF WongNg, W Roth, RS Rawn, CJ TI Preparation and structural investigation of Bi-16(Sr,Ca)(14)O-38 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SYSTEM; CA4BI6O13; PORTIONS; BISMUTH AB Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the structure of the ternary oxide of approximate formula Bi-14(Sr,Ca)(12)O-33. The crystal examined was found to have a composition Bi2Sr0.68Ca1.07O4.75 or Bi16Sr5.44Ca8.56O38 as a result of refinement. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group (C2/m), with fell parameters a = 21.764 (4) Angstrom, b = 4.3850 (13) Angstrom, c = 12.905 (3) Angstrom, beta = 102.72 (2)degrees, and V 1201.2 (5) Angstrom(3), Strontium and calcium ions were found to substitute for each other, The structure consists of a network of alkaline-earth oxide polyhedra with broad channels parallel to the b axis, in which the bismuth ions reside. Two out of four crystallographically distinct Bi ions form infinite Bi-O zigzag ribbons of edge-linked Bi-O units, while each of the other two form oxygen corner-shared Bi-O chains along b. The lone pair electrons of the Bi ions point toward each other in the channels. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP WongNg, W (reprint author), NIST, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 324 EP 328 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WK085 UT WOS:A1997WK08500007 ER PT J AU Braun, LM White, GS AF Braun, LM White, GS TI Double cantilever beam measurements of crack growth in indium(III) phosphide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE AB Crack growth measurements in InP crystals were conducted using an applied-moment, double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry, Controlled, smooth crack growth was observed in water; however, the crack growth velocities were not constant for constant applied stress intensity (K-I), More importantly, there was no clear functional dependence of the crack growth rate (v) on K-I. RP Braun, LM (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 503 EP 505 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WK085 UT WOS:A1997WK08500032 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Croley, TE Quinn, FH AF Lee, DH Croley, TE Quinn, FH TI Lake Ontario regulation under transposed climates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Lake Ontario; St. Lawrence River; regulation; climate change; climate variability; surface water hydrology; water policy ID IMPACTS AB The implications of Lake Ontario regulation under transposed climates with changed means and variability are presented for seasonal and annual time scales. The current regulation plan is evaluated with climates other than the climate for which it was developed and tested. This provides insight into potential conflicts and management issues, development of regulation criteria for extreme conditions, and potential modification of the regulation plan. Transposed climates from the southeastern and south central continental United States are applied to thermodynamic models of the Great Lakes and hydrologic models of their watersheds; these climates provide four alternative scenarios of water supplies to Lake Ontario. The scenarios are analyzed with reference to the present Great Lakes climate. The responses of the Lake Ontario regulation plan to the transposed climate scenarios illustrate several key issues: (1) historical water supplies should no longer be the sole basis for testing and developing lake regulation plans; (2) during extreme supply conditions, none of the regulation criteria can be met simultaneously, priority of interests may change, and new interests may need to be considered, potentially requiring substantial revision to the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909; (3) revised regulation criteria should be based on ecosystem health and socio-economic benefits for a wider spectrum of interests and not on frequencies and ranges of levels and flows of the historical climate; and (4) operational management of the lake should be improved under the present climate, and under any future climate with more variability, through the use of improved water supply forecasts and monitoring of current hydrologic conditions. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04082.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA WX810 UT WOS:A1997WX81000007 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH vanMontfrans, J Moody, KE AF Ryer, CH vanMontfrans, J Moody, KE TI Cannibalism, refugia and the molting blue crab SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE eelgrass; marsh creeks; predation; selfish herd; tidal ID TIDAL-MARSH CREEK; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; SEAGRASS MEADOW; MICROHABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; SELFISH HERD; PREY AB In this study, we examined how habitat and tidal stage influence predation upon molting blue crabs Callinectes sapidus. On 3 separate occasions we monitored the survival of tethered soft crabs in each of 2 different-sized marsh creeks and 2 seagrass sites, during both low and high tides. On one of these occasions, we also tethered hard crabs. Survival was much lower for soft crabs than for hard crabs, indicating that crabs may be particularly vulnerable when they molt. In both seagrass and marsh creeks, there was a tidal influence upon soft crab survival, with greater survival during low tides. There was no generalized difference in survival of soft crabs between habitats, i.e. marsh creek versus grassbed. Survival was high in the small marsh creek, but lower in the large marsh creek. In both creeks survival remained relatively constant throughout the summer. In contrast, survival did not differ between the 2 seagrass sites and was comparable to that in the small marsh creek early in the summer, but decreased to levels comparable to the large marsh creek by summers end. In the marsh creek, micro-habitat also influenced survival, with greater survival along the creek edge micro-habitats than in the creek centers. Cannibalism was the only identifiable source of mortality among tethered crabs. These results demonstrate that where and when a crab molts may greatly influence its chances for survival. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI, COLL WILLIAM & MARY, SCH MARINE SCI, GLOUCESTER POINT, VA 23062 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 147 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.3354/meps147077 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA WP969 UT WOS:A1997WP96900007 ER PT J AU Duarte, CM Terrados, J Agawin, NSR Fortes, MD Bach, S Kenworthy, WJ AF Duarte, CM Terrados, J Agawin, NSR Fortes, MD Bach, S Kenworthy, WJ TI Response of a mixed Philippine seagrass meadow to experimental burial SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seagrass; SE Asia; disturbance; sediment burial ID CYMODOCEA-NODOSA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; BAY; AUSTRALIA; RECOVERY; GROWTH; BED; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION; DISTURBANCE AB The effect of burial due to sudden sediment loading was examined in a mixed Philippine seagrass meadow through the experimental deployment of sediment (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 cm deposited over the experimental plots). The responses in shoot density, vertical growth, and branching of the species present were assessed 2, 4, and 10 mo following disturbance. Shoot density responses were strongly species-specific. The large Enhalus acoroides maintained shoot density at all burial treatments, and only showed evidence of decline by the end of the experiment. Thalassia hemprichii and, to a lesser extent, Cymodocea rotundata showed a sharp decline in shoot density even at moderate burial treatments, from which they failed to recover. The accompanying species (Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Cymodocea serrulata) showed an initial decline in shoot density followed by recovery. The small Halophila ovalis showed an opportunistic growth in plots receiving intermediate (buried by 4 and 8 cm sediment) disturbance, reaching shoot densities well in excess of those on control plots. The results suggest a pattern of species loss following disturbance by sediment burial corresponding to the sequence, T. hemprichii --> (C. rotundata, S. isoetifolium, H. uninervis) --> C. serrulata --> E. acoroides. Vertical growth increased significantly for all species with differentiated vertical shoots, except C. serrulata. The examination of the time course of vertical growth imprinted on the shoots of the dominant species, T. hemprichii, revealed a rapid response to burial through increased internodal length, which was maintained over 8 mo following the disturbance. The resulting cumulative vertical growth along the experiment was Linearly correlated with the degree of burial imposed on the plants. Branching of vertical shoots also increased significantly (73 to 96%, depending on the species) with burial. Experimental burial induced changes in shoot age distribution of some of the species, involving rearrangements, through selective mortality or recruitment, of the contribution of young shoots to the populations. The results obtained show major differences in species response to small-scale disturbance, closely linked to predictions derived from consideration of species growth rate and size, and provide evidence of the importance of small-scale disturbance in the maintenance of multispecific seagrass meadows. C1 UNIV PHILIPPINES, INST MARINE SCI, COLL SCI, QUEZON 1101, PHILIPPINES. UNIV COPENHAGEN, FRESHWATER BIOL LAB, DK-3400 HILLEROD, DENMARK. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. RP Duarte, CM (reprint author), CSIC, CTR ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS BLANES, CAMI SANTA BARBARA S-N, E-17300 BLANES, GIRONA, SPAIN. RI Terrados, Jorge/B-1062-2008; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Agawin, Nona Sheila/I-3168-2015 OI Terrados, Jorge/0000-0002-0921-721X; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Agawin, Nona Sheila/0000-0001-5951-360X NR 38 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 9 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 147 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps147285 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA WP969 UT WOS:A1997WP96900026 ER PT J AU Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR AF Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR TI Scanning capacitance microscopy applied to two-dimensional dopant profiling of semiconductors SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Expert Evaluation and Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials and Technologies (EXMATEC 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Fraunhofer IAF, Freiberger Compound Mat DE dopant profiles; semiconductors; silicon ID SCALE AB Scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) images of a semiconductor have contrast that is sensitive to variations in dopant density and spatial resolution on the order of the tip radius, approximately 10 nm. SCMs can be operated in a direct-capacitance, a constant-voltage-difference (open loop), or a constant-capacitance-difference (closed loop) mode. A fast and accurate formalism to convert SCM images to quantitative two-dimensional (2-D) dopant profiles, using either a 1-D model extended to 2-D (quasi-2-D model) or a full 2-D, finite element, numerical solution of Poisson's equation, has been developed. Measurements on silicon junctions are used to illustrate the effect of the SCM operating conditions on the duality of the image. For the first time with the SCM, dopant variations of GaAs pn-junctions have been imaged. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECT,BLDG 225,RM A305,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01797-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XD443 UT WOS:A1997XD44300012 ER PT J AU Christensen, DH Hill, JR Hickernell, RK Matney, K Goorsky, MS AF Christensen, DH Hill, JR Hickernell, RK Matney, K Goorsky, MS TI Evaluating epitaxial growth stability SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Expert Evaluation and Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials and Technologies (EXMATEC 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Fraunhofer IAF, Freiberger Compound Mat DE characterization; distributed Bragg reflectors; epitaxy; manufacturing; reflectance; x-ray diffractometry ID X-RAY; SEMICONDUCTOR AB We have investigated variations of epitaxial layer thicknesses from uniform periodicity in compound semiconductor Bragg-reflectors experimentally and theoretically. Specifically, we characterized the variation of individual layer thicknesses in the growth direction at a given point on the wafer, thereby assessing the growth stability in time. The characterization is based on the correlation of experimental reflectance spectroscopy and high resolution X-ray diffractometry measurements and precisely fitted simulations made on growth runs which include both random and systematic variations from perfect periodicity. We find good agreement between the measurement techniques and between the measurements and their simulations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Christensen, DH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECT,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01806-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XD443 UT WOS:A1997XD44300027 ER PT J AU Talwar, DN Roughani, B Pellegrino, JG Amirtharaj, P Qadri, SB AF Talwar, DN Roughani, B Pellegrino, JG Amirtharaj, P Qadri, SB TI Study of phonons in semiconductor superlattices by Raman scattering spectroscopy and microscopic model calculation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Expert Evaluation and Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials and Technologies (EXMATEC 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Fraunhofer IAF, Freiberger Compound Mat DE molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; x-ray diffraction ID GAAS-ALAS SUPERLATTICES; OPTICAL PHONONS; DISPERSION AB Raman spectroscopy is used to study phonons in a series of thin (AlAs)(m)/(GaAs)(n) superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The influence of buffer layer type on the interface roughness of heterostructures is carefully evaluated. The accuracy of optical phonons and the degree of peak sharpness of GaAs-like confined modes are examined via off-resonance Raman spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations of phonons in thin (AlAs)(m)/(GaAs)(n) superlattices (i.e. samples with m, n less than or equal to 12) are reported for various directions of propagation by using a rigid-ion model. Optical phonons acquire significant dispersive character when the wavevector q forming an angle theta with the growth axis of the superlattice is changed from theta = 0 to pi/2, i.e. from [001] to [100]. The frequency gaps in the angular dispersions due to mode anti-crossing behavior observed recently by Zunke et al. using micro-Raman spectroscopy and studied by a continuum model are found to be in reasonably good agreement with our lattice dynamical model calculations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 GMI,ENGN & MANAGEMENT INST,SCI & MATH DEPT,FLINT,MI 48504. NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NRL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Talwar, DN (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,INDIANA,PA 15705, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01776-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XD443 UT WOS:A1997XD44300034 ER PT J AU Bartels, DL Brown, JM Tollerud, EI AF Bartels, DL Brown, JM Tollerud, EI TI Structure of a midtropospheric vortex induced by a mesoscale convective system SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WARM-CORE VORTEX; 1977 JOHNSTOWN FLOOD; BETA-SCALE STRUCTURE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; COMPLEXES; RADAR; CIRCULATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB On 9 June 1988 a mesoscale (similar to 200-km diameter) convectively generated vortex (MCV) passed through the Colorado wind-profiling network. The generating convective system, which was too small to meet Maddox's mesoscale convective complex criteria, developed beneath a high-amplitude mid- and upper-level ridge axis. Profiler winds obtained within the stratiform region of the convective system and near the center of the ensuing MCV form the basis of this study. With the addition of satellite (including rapid scan) images and conventional and Doppler radar data, this vortex was well observed over its entire life cycle. The slowly moving vortex was observed by the Flagler 50-MHz profiler for more than 16 h. For a portion of this period the circulation was quasi-steady; hence, the spatial structure of the vortex was depicted by time-to-space conversion of the profiler data. The results show a strong, coherent circulation with maximum tangential speeds greater than 16 m s(-1) at 6 km above mean sea level (MSL) and at radii of 50-70 km; corresponding relative vorticity was more than three times as large as the local Coriolis parameter. The long duration and the apparent dominance of vorticity over divergence suggest that the flow in the vortex was in a quasi-balanced stare. Hence, the temperature perturbation necessary to support the tangential velocity distribution was computed assuming gradient balance in the radial direction. The resulting estimated temperature structure showed a warm core with a magnitude of 2.3 degrees C at 7.3 km MSL and a cold core below 6.3 km MSL. The associated potential vorticity (PV) structure at the vortex center consisted of a lens of high PV with a maximum at 6.3 km MSL and relative minima above and below this height. C1 NOAA,ERL,FSL,FORECAST RES DIV,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Bartels, DL (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSSL,MESOSCALE RES & APPLICAT DIV,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 125 IS 2 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0193:SOAMVI>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE373 UT WOS:A1997WE37300001 ER PT J AU Hane, CE Bluestein, HB Crawford, TM Baldwin, ME Rabin, RM AF Hane, CE Bluestein, HB Crawford, TM Baldwin, ME Rabin, RM TI Severe thunderstorm development in relation to along-dryline variability: A case study SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MOBILE SOUNDING OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONVECTIVE STORMS; OKLAHOMA DRYLINE; TEXAS STORM; INITIATION; EVOLUTION; DOPPLER; CLOUDS; MODEL AB Long-lived thunderstorms were initiated during the afternoon of 26 May 1991 ahead of a dryline in northwestern Oklahoma. Various reasons for initiation in this particular along-dryline location are investigated through analysis of observations collected during the Cooperative Oklahoma Profiler Studies - 1991 field program, Observing systems included in situ and radar instrumentation aboard a research aircraft, soundings from mobile laboratories, a mesonetwork of surface stations, meteorological satellites, and operational networks of surface and upper-air stations. Elevated moistening east of the dryline revealed by soundings and aircraft observations in combination with thermal plume activity was apparently insufficient to promote sustained convection on this day without aid from an additional lifting mechanism. Satellite observations reveal scattered convection along the dryline by midafternoon and a convective cloud line intersecting the dryline at an angle in the area of most pronounced storm initiation, extending southwestward into the dry air. Another prominent feature on this day was a mesoscale bulge along the dryline extending northeastward into southwest Kansas. Deep convection was initiated along this bulge, but was in general short-lived. Potential causes of the lifting associated with the cloud line that was apparently key to the preferred location for storm development in northwest Oklahoma were investigated: (a) a mesoscale circulation resulting from horizontal differences in radiative (temperature) properties of the underlying surface and (b) upward motion induced by an upper-level mesoscale disturbance. Analysis of vegetative and surface temperature distributions from satellite observations suggests a potential (more research is needed) link between surface characteristics and the development of the dryline bulge and observed cloud line through horizontal differences in vertical momentum transport. A run of the currently operational eta model indicates some skill in predicting dryline location and motion and predicts upward motion in the northern part of the region that was generally more convectively active, but shows no indication of upper-level support in the vicinity of the observed cloud line. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. GEN SCI CORP,LAUREL,MD. RP Hane, CE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 61 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 125 IS 2 BP 231 EP 251 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0231:STDIRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE373 UT WOS:A1997WE37300003 ER PT J AU NoguesPaegle, J Mo, KC AF NoguesPaegle, J Mo, KC TI Alternating wet and dry conditions over South America during summer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; TOPOGRAPHY; CONVECTION; REGION AB Time series of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fields and various gridded reanalysis products are used to identify and describe periods with abundant and deficient rainfall over South America during summer. Empirical orthogonal function analyses of OLR anomalies filtered to retain variations longer than 10 days reveal a meridional seesaw of dry and wet conditions over tropical and subtropical South America. It appears that intensification of the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) is associated with rainfall deficits over the subtropical plains of South America. In contrast, when the SACZ weakens, precipitation over these plains is abundant. These results are in agreement with those of Kousky and Casarin. This seesaw pattern appears to be a regional component of a larger-scale system, possibly related to the 30-60-day oscillation in the Tropics, with the southward extension and strengthening of the SACZ found with enhanced tropical convection over the central and eastern Pacific and dry conditions over the western Pacific and the Maritime Continent. At the same time, convection is suppressed in the region of the South Pacific convergence zone, over the Gulf of Mexico, and in the ITCZ over the North Atlantic. In the opposite phase there is a strong influx of moisture from the Tropics into central Argentina and southern Brazil. The moisture influx is enhanced by a strong low-level jet (LLJ) east of the Andes. The LLJ displays a marked diurnal oscillation and characteristics similar to the well-documented LLJs over the Great Plains of North America. C1 NOAA,NCEP,WASHINGTON,DC. RP NoguesPaegle, J (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT METEOROL,819 WM C BROWNING BLDG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 29 TC 253 Z9 272 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 125 IS 2 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0279:AWADCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE373 UT WOS:A1997WE37300005 ER PT J AU McCabe, GT Hinton, SA Emmett, RL Sandford, BP AF McCabe, GT Hinton, SA Emmett, RL Sandford, BP TI Benthic invertebrates and sediment characteristics in main channel habitats in the lower Columbia River SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; ESTUARY AB Benthic invertebrate communities in the Columbia River between the lowermost dam and the upper estuary have been little studied. We describe the abundance of benthic invertebrates and sediment characteristics in main channel habitats in the lower Columbia River and examine the relationships between densities of specific benthic invertebrates and sediment characteristics and water depth. Using a 0.1-m(2) Van Veen grab sampler, we collected benthic samples in seven areas of the river from River Kilometer(RKm) 121 to 211 in April and September 1988 and 1989. Common taxa collected, included Turbellaria, Oligochaeta, the bivalve Corbicula fluminea, the amphipod Corophium salmonis, Chironomidae larvae, and Ceratopogonidae larvae. Overall, Corbicula fluminea and Ceratopogonidae larvae were consistently the most abundant benthic invertebrates. The relationship of benthic invertebrate densities between and within years, months, and areas varied substantially between the six predominant taxa. The effect of water depth and sediment characteristics on benthic invertebrate densities, after accounting for the influence of year, month, and area, varied between the six predominant taxa in this study. Water depth was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) for densities of three of the six taxa, sediment percent silt/clay significant for four, and sediment grain size and percent volatile solids significant for one each. Results from our study are probably applicable to a large area of main channel habitats in the Columbia River downstream from the lowermost dam. Because benthic invertebrates, particularly Corophium salmonis, are primary prey for many fishes, the sustained health of benthic invertebrate populations in the lower Columbia River is of concern. RP McCabe, GT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR757 UT WOS:A1997WR75700006 ER PT J AU Fine, J Lorincik, J Andreadis, TD Franzreb, K Sroubek, Z AF Fine, J Lorincik, J Andreadis, TD Franzreb, K Sroubek, Z TI High-energy electron emission from ion-bombarded surfaces of Ga, Ge, In and Sn SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID SLOW ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; HEAVY-IONS; MECHANISMS; SPECTRA; IMPACT; AUTOIONIZATION; EXCITATION; PROMOTION; ELEMENTS; SOLIDS AB Intense, continuous distributions of kinetic emitted electrons, often with energies extending to greater than 100 eV, have been observed for Ga, Ge, In and Sn surfaces bombarded with keV Ar+ ions. These broad distributions, which clearly are not associated with Auger excitation, can be understood in terms of a one-electron collisional-excitation model involving orbital interaction, promotion, and direct-to-continuum deexcitation. Possible pathways for electron promotion have been obtained for the above elements from detailed calculations of correlation diagrams which have been used to predict successfully the probability of collisional excitation and deep-level promotion. Element-specific differences observed in the kinetic emission spectra between the two pairs of elements, the Ga and Ge pair and the In and Sn pair (associated with collisional level-coupling and promotion processes), also have been interpreted from these correlation diagrams. We conclude that the high-energy, kinetic electron emission as well as the specific differences observed between the Ga and Ge pair and the In and Sn pair are consistent with this one-electron promotion/deexcitation model. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL, INST RADIO ENGN & ELECT, PRAGUE 18251 8, CZECH REPUBLIC. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL, INST PHYS CHEM, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC. RP Fine, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, SURFACE MICROANAL SCI DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Lorincik, Jan/F-9054-2014 OI Lorincik, Jan/0000-0003-4227-1514 NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 1997 VL 122 IS 2 BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00785-9 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WG596 UT WOS:A1997WG59600005 ER PT J AU Karakaya, A Jaruga, P Bohr, VA Grollman, AP Dizdaroglu, M AF Karakaya, A Jaruga, P Bohr, VA Grollman, AP Dizdaroglu, M TI Kinetics of excision of purine lesions from DNA by Escherichia coli Fpg protein SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; GENERATED FREE-RADICALS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; ENDONUCLEASE-III; IMIDAZOLE RINGS; N-GLYCOSYLASE; DAMAGED DNA; RADIATION AB The kinetics of excision of damaged purine bases from oxidatively damaged DNA by Escherichia coli Fpg protein were investigated. DNA substrates, prepared by treatment with H2O2/Fe(III)-EDTA or by gamma-irradiation under N2O or air, were incubated with Fpg protein, followed by precipitation of DNA. Precipitated DNA and supernatant fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Kinetic studies revealed efficient excision of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde). Thirteen other modified bases in the oxidized DNA substrates, including 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil, were not excised. Excision was measured as a function of enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, time and temperature. The rate of release of modified purine bases from the three damaged DNA substrates varied significantly even though each DNA substrate contained similar levels of oxidative damage. Specificity constants (K-cat/K-M) for the excision reaction indicated similar preferences of Fpg protein for excision of 8-OH-Gua, FapyGua and FapyAde from each DNA substrate. These findings suggest that, in addition to 8-OH-Gua, FapyGua and FapyAde may be primary substrates for this enzyme in cells. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ANKARA UNIV,FAC PHARM,TR-06100 ANKARA,TURKEY. MED ACAD,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. NIA,GENET MOL LAB,NIH,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PHARMACOL SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17395] NR 41 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.1093/nar/25.3.474 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WG771 UT WOS:A1997WG77100004 PM 9016584 ER PT J AU Dube, P Levenson, MD Hall, JL AF Dube, P Levenson, MD Hall, JL TI Free-induction decay in molecular iodine measured with an extended-cavity diode laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The free-induction decay (FID) technique combined with broadly tunable lasers offers a convenient way to survey molecular dephasing times. We measured FID's in molecular iodine by frequency switching an extended-cavity diode laser with a small current modulation. These decay times provide valuable information on the Doppler-free linewidths for frequency-standard applications. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Dube, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JILA,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 184 EP 186 DI 10.1364/OL.22.000184 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA WE376 UT WOS:A1997WE37600016 PM 18183143 ER PT J AU Napolitano, R Weiner, J Julienne, PS AF Napolitano, R Weiner, J Julienne, PS TI Theory of optical suppression of ultracold-collision rates by polarized light SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TRAP LOSS COLLISIONS; INTENSITY DEPENDENCE; SODIUM ATOMS; PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; NONADIABATIC THEORY; COLD COLLISIONS; COOLED ATOMS; STATES AB We have developed a full three-dimensional quantum scattering approach to optical suppression of ultracold-collision rates. These calculations are carried out assuming colliding atoms without fine or hyperfine structure, which have a S-1-->P-1 transition. The three-dimensional model predicts that the optical suppression of ultracold-collision rates saturates with light intensity much more slowly than predicted by two-level curve-crossing models. Circularly polarized light is significantly more effective for optical suppression, and causes less increase in atomic kinetic energy due to excited-state production than linearly polarized light. The suppressor optical field can also cause orders of magnitude increases in ground-state elastic-scattering rates. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOL PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Napolitano, R (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS SAO CARLOS,BR-13560970 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; Napolitano, Reginaldo/H-1034-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 1191 EP 1207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.1191 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WH919 UT WOS:A1997WH91900046 ER PT J AU Scholten, RE Gupta, R McClelland, JJ Celotta, RJ Levenson, MS Vangel, MG AF Scholten, RE Gupta, R McClelland, JJ Celotta, RJ Levenson, MS Vangel, MG TI Laser collimation of a chromium beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MOLASSES; DOPPLER LIMIT; ATOMS; MOTION; SODIUM; WAVE AB We have studied laser collimation of a chromium atomic beam using a transverse polarization gradient cooling scheme. We present detailed measurements of the angular distribution of atoms on the beam axis, over a broad range of laser intensities and detunings, including those that produce significant excitation, and observe collimation angles as small as 0.16+/-0.01 mrad (50% quantile). We compare our results with existing calculations based on assumptions of steady-state conditions and low excited-state population. C1 NIST,ELECT PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 32 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 1331 EP 1338 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.1331 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WH919 UT WOS:A1997WH91900060 ER PT J AU Goodwin, TJ Shelton, RN Radousky, HB Rosov, N Lynn, JW AF Goodwin, TJ Shelton, RN Radousky, HB Rosov, N Lynn, JW TI Pr and Cu magnetism in (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr(2)Cu(2)MO(10-delta) (M=Nb, Ta): Correlations with a suppression of superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; RARE-EARTH; CUPRATE; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; METAMAGNETISM; LA2CUO4; PLANES; OXIDES; R2CUO4; SYSTEM AB The magnetic properties of nonsuperconducting (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr(2)Cu(2)MO(10-delta) with M = Nb, Ta are characterized with de magnetization, specific-heat, and neutron-diffraction experiments. Data for (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10-delta reveal complex Cu magnetism marked by antiferromagnetic order below 200 K, spin structure transitions at 130 and 57 K, both collinear and noncollinear antiferromagnetic spin structures, and weak ferromagnetic behavior below 130 K. The data also indicate an anomalous ordering of the Pr spins near 10 K, a large linear contribution to the low-temperature specific heat, and a Pr 4f crystal-field ground state similar to that found in PrBa2Cu3O7. Furthermore, there is evidence that the weak ferromagnetic behavior couples to the Pr ordering near 10 K. Identical Pr magnetism and similar Cu magnetism are found in (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2TaO10-delta, deoxygenated (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10-delta, and deoxygenated (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2TaO10-delta. These results indicate that superconductivity is suppressed in these compounds in the same phenomenological manner as in PrBa2Cu3O7. We interpret this as evidence that superconductivity is suppressed by the same mechanism in both structures and propose that a general correlation exists between anomalous Pr magnetism and a lack of superconductivity in these Pr-based high-T-c cuprates. The significance of these results and analyses to understanding and modeling the suppression of superconductivity by Pr in high-T-c cuprates is discussed. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Goodwin, TJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 3297 EP 3307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.3297 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WG886 UT WOS:A1997WG88600095 ER PT J AU Skanthakumar, S Lynn, JW Rosov, N Cao, G Crow, JE AF Skanthakumar, S Lynn, JW Rosov, N Cao, G Crow, JE TI Observation of Pr magnetic order in PrBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MUON-SPIN RELAXATION; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; VALENCE; STATE AB Neutron-diffraction experiments have been carried out to investigate the magnetic order in PrBa2Cu3O7. Our neutron data indicate that the Cu spins order above 300 K. This ordering is not Significantly affected at low temperatures, where new magnetic Bragg peaks develop below 17 K that must be associated with the antiferromagnetic ordering of Pr spins, with an ordered moment of 0.79(5)mu(B). This rules out the possibility recently proposed by Nehrke and Pieper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1936 (1996)] that the new magnetic Bragg peaks arise from a spin reorientation of the Cu spins and that the Pr carries essentially no moment. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32310. RP Skanthakumar, S (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 6 BP R3406 EP R3409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WJ875 UT WOS:A1997WJ87500022 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Thoroddsen, ST AF Hill, RJ Thoroddsen, ST TI Experimental evaluation of acceleration correlations for locally isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPECTRA AB The two-point correlation of the fluid-particle acceleration is the sum of the pressure gradient and viscous force correlations. The pressure-gradient correlation is related to the fourth-order velocity structure function. The acceleration correlation caused by viscous forces is formulated in terms of the third-order velocity structure function. Velocity data from grid-generated turbulence in a wind tunnel are used to evaluate these quantities. The evaluated relationships require only the Navier-Stokes equation, incompressibility, local homogeneity, and local isotropy. The relationships are valid for any Reynolds number. For the moderate Reynolds number of the wind-tunnel turbulence, the acceleration correlation is roughly three times larger than if it is evaluated on the basis of the assumption that velocities at several points are joint Gaussian random variables. The correlation of components of acceleration parallel to the separation vector of the two points, is negative near its minimum at spacings close to 17 times the microscale. Its value near this minimum implies that fluid particles at those spacings have typical relative accelerations of one-half that of gravity in the directions toward and away from one another. For large Reynolds numbers, the two-point correlation of acceleration is dominated by the two-point correlation of the pressure gradient, The data verify that the acceleration correlation caused by viscous forces is much smaller than that caused by the pressure gradient. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT THEORET & APPL MECH,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 1600 EP 1606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.1600 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WK492 UT WOS:A1997WK49200049 ER PT J AU Woerdeman, DL Spoerre, JK Flynn, KM Parnas, RS AF Woerdeman, DL Spoerre, JK Flynn, KM Parnas, RS TI Cure monitoring of the liquid composite molding process using fiber optic sensors SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-VALIDATION; EPOXY CURE; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS AB Fluorescence has been demonstrated to be an accurate tool for monitoring resin cure. It is measured using an evanescent wave fiber-optic sensor. An economical optical fiber sensor has been developed with a refractive index greater than 1.6, permitting evanescent wave monitoring of epoxy resins. The fluorescence wavelength-shift, which has been correlated with monomer conversion, is monitored during the liquid molding process. Unidirectional glass fabrics with volume fractions from 40% to 60% were injected with epoxy resin at a variety of driving pressures and cured at several temperatures. Several composite parts were fabricated to test the effects of vacuum pressure, injection rate, cure temperature, and fiber fraction on the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity of the evanescent wave fluorescence sensor to the condition of the resin system was also examined. Two sets of resin/hardener samples were subjected to rigorous chemical analysis to determine the extent of their differences. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT TECHNOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1002/pc.10268 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WK683 UT WOS:A1997WK68300014 ER PT J AU Garstang, RH AF Garstang, RH TI Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Item About an Individual AB With the passing of Chandrasekhar the astronomical community lost its most productive theoretical astrophysicist. His work covered stellar structure and white dwarf stars, stellar dynamics, the absorption coefficient of the negative hydrogen ion, radiative transfer, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability, ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium, and black holes. Among his many awards and honors were the Nobel Prize in physics and the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. I point out some highlights of his work, and add some notes based mainly on my personal experiences at Yerkes Observatory. C1 NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Garstang, RH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 109 IS 732 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1086/133864 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WJ348 UT WOS:A1997WJ34800001 ER PT J AU Guenther, GC AF Guenther, GC TI 'Lighting the Littoral' ... Yet again SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Guenther, GC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA WJ299 UT WOS:A1997WJ29900011 ER PT J AU Libes, D AF Libes, D TI Automation and testing of character-graphic programs SO SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE conformance testing; Expect; interaction automation; POSIX 1003.2; regression testing; Tcl/Tk AB This paper describes a technique that allows automation and testing of character-graphic programs using existing public-domain tools. Specifically, Tcl, Tk, and Expect are augmented with a terminal emulator in order to build a screen representation in memory. This screen can be queried in a high-level way and the interaction can be further controlled based on the screen representation. One immediate use of this is to build a test suite for automating standards conformance of the interactive programs in POSIX 1003.2 (Interactive Shells and Utilities). This technique is portable and inexpensive. All the software described in this paper is free or in the public domain. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Libes, D (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 220,A-127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0038-0644 J9 SOFTWARE PRACT EXPER JI Softw.-Pract. Exp. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199702)27:2<123::AID-SPE64>3.0.CO;2-C PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WG894 UT WOS:A1997WG89400001 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Guo, WP Dryer, M AF Wu, ST Guo, WP Dryer, M TI Dynamical evolution of a coronal streamer - Flux rope system .2. A self-consistent non-planar magnetohydrodynamic simulation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; TOPOLOGY; DENSITY; FIELD; MODEL AB The dynamical response of a helmet streamer to a flux-rope escape from the subphotosphere is examined in a physically self-consistent manner within the approximation of axisymmetric three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (i.e., so-called '21/2 D'). In contrast to the previous planar analyses of Paper I (Wu, Guo, and Wang, 1995), the present study shows, with the inclusion of out-of-plane components of magnetic and velocity fields, that the magnetic configuration represents a helical flux rope instead of a planar bubble as shown in Paper I. Because of this more physically realistic configuration, we are able to examine the dynamical evolution of the helical flux rope's interaction with the helmet streamer. This process leads to the formation of two parts of the solar mass ejection; (i) the expulsion of the helmet dome due to eruption of this flux rope, and (ii) the flux rope's eruption itself. When this two-part feature propagates out to the interplanetary space, it exhibits all the physical characteristics of observed interplanetary magnetic clouds. These numerical simulations also show that the dynamical behavior of the streamer-flux rope system has three distinct states: (i) quasi-equilibrium, (ii) non-equilibrium, and (iii) eruptive state depending on the energy level of the flux rope. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT AEROSP & MECH ENGN,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,CTR SPACE PLASMA & AERONOM RES,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 170 IS 2 BP 265 EP 282 DI 10.1023/A:1004954816406 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WT119 UT WOS:A1997WT11900006 ER PT J AU Letellier, M Budzinski, H Garrigues, P Wise, S AF Letellier, M Budzinski, H Garrigues, P Wise, S TI Focused microwave-assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in open cell from reference materials (sediment, soil, air particulates) SO SPECTROSCOPY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB A Focused Microwave (FMW) extraction system was used to extract Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental matrices (sediments, soils, air particulates). Three standard reference materials and two natural sediments were used for the evaluation of this new extraction method. The concentrations of PAHs obtained with FMW extraction were compared with concentrations obtained by Soxhlet extraction and/or certified values. Initial studies were performed on the marine sediment, Standard Reference Material SRM 1941a (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA). They have demonstrated that the FMW extraction requires small amounts of organic solvent (30 mL, of dichloromethane) and short extraction times (10 minutes) in the open cell. It provides good recoveries (average of 87% for 13 PAHs) with standard deviations comparable to those obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The FMW extraction was applied to other sediments (industrial harbour marine sediment, yachting harbour marine sediment), soil (Certified Reference Material CRM 524, Community Bureau of Reference of the European Commission (BCR), Brussels, Belgium), and air particulates (Urban Dust, Standard Reference Material SRM 1649a, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Recovery and reproducibility were in agreement with those generated by Soxhlet extraction. The dependence of FMW extraction on matrix composition (origin of the contamination (petrogenic, pyrolytic), levels of contamination, grain size, organic carbon...) is studied. The FMW extraction is shown to be not significantly matrix-dependent. There is no need for precise and specific optimisation depending on the type of matrix to be extracted. All the results indicate that FMW extraction is a promising technique for the study of organic contaminants in various matrices such as sediments, soils, air particulates. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,URA 348,F-33405 TALENCE,FRANCE. NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0712-4813 J9 SPECTROSC-INT J JI Spectr.-Int. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA WP545 UT WOS:A1997WP54500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, SD Eberhardt, KR AF Phillips, SD Eberhardt, KR TI Statistical issues in geometric feature inspection using coordinate measuring machines - Discussion SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Phillips, SD (reprint author), NIST,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD FEB PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA WE555 UT WOS:A1997WE55500005 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Vecchia, DF Young, M Brilliant, NA AF Wang, CM Vecchia, DF Young, M Brilliant, NA TI Robust regression applied to optical-fiber dimensional quality control SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE edge detection; gray-scale analysis; image processing; least median of squares regression; orthogonal-distance regression; outliers ID CIRCLE AB To minimize coupling losses when low-cost connectors are used to mate optical fibers, manufacturers need to maintain tight control of fiber dimensions. The video-microscope, or gray-scale, method is the most frequently used technique on the manufacturing Boor for measuring the geometric parameters of the cleaved end of a telecommunications fiber. We present a method for performing optical-fiber dimensional quality control that allows for end face damage and accounts for the special structure of measurement errors in fiber edge points; calculated from gray-scale images. The new approach adheres to the industrial standard test procedure by fitting an ellipse to the edge table to obtain geometric measurements. But, to create high-breakdown resistance to outliers, a data filter based on the least median of squares criterion is used. C1 NIST,DIV OPTOELECT,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD FEB PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.2307/1270769 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA WE555 UT WOS:A1997WE55500007 ER PT J AU Cole, KD Cabezas, H AF Cole, KD Cabezas, H TI Improved preparative electrochromatography column design SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE electrochromatography; preparative chromatography; column design; electrodes; membranes; instrumentation ID PROTEINS AB Improved chromatography column fit tings were developed for the efficient and reliable application of an electric field to a preparative chromatography column (a process termed electrochromatography). The improved fittings contained electrodes in close proximity to the column packing media and allowed uniform electric fields to be applied. Membranes in the fittings prevented mixing of the electrode and the column eluent buffers. The membranes prevented gases and electrolytic products generated in the electrode chamber from entering the column eluent buffer. An electrode buffer solution was pumped through the electrode chamber to a large external container. The circulation of buffer through the electrode chamber removed the gases and electrolytic products and ensured a uniform electric field by helping to maintain a constant buffer composition. The membranes prevented macromolecules being separated on the column from coming in contact with the electrodes. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 31 PY 1997 VL 760 IS 2 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00774-1 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WK101 UT WOS:A1997WK10100011 ER PT J AU Harwood, MH Burkholder, JB Hunter, M Fox, RW Ravishankara, AR AF Harwood, MH Burkholder, JB Hunter, M Fox, RW Ravishankara, AR TI Absorption cross sections and self-reaction kinetics of the IO radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLYSIS; MECHANISM; OZONE; IODINE; BRO AB Rate coefficients for the IO self-reaction, IO + IO --> products (4), were determined over the range 250-320 K and were found to be independent of temperature with an average value of (9.9 +/- 1.5) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Absorption cross sections for the IO radical were measured between 340 and 480 nm. The absorption cross section at the peak of the (4,0) band was determined as a function of temperature. The cross section is essentially independent of temperature with an average value between 373 and 203 K of (3.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-17) cm(2) molecule(-1). Comparison with previous measurements and a discussion of the atmospheric implications of these results are also presented. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 5 BP 853 EP 863 DI 10.1021/jp962429b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WL088 UT WOS:A1997WL08800016 ER PT J AU Zachariah, MR Melius, CF AF Zachariah, MR Melius, CF TI Theoretical calculation of thermochemistry for molecules in the Si-P-H system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES AB Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed on species belonging to the Si-P-H system. These computations have been coupled to a bond additivity correction procedure to obtain heats of formation for 27 species. The Si-P single bond energy was found to be nominally about 300 kJ/mol, which is somewhat weaker than a Si-Si single bond. Multiple bond character in Si-P was found to be relatively weak. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 5 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1021/jp9617377 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WL088 UT WOS:A1997WL08800024 ER PT J AU Druzhko, AB Weetall, HH AF Druzhko, AB Weetall, HH TI Photoinduced transformation of wild-type and D96N-mutant 4-keto-bacteriorhodopsin gelatin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; optical spectroscopy ID PURPLE MEMBRANE; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; AZIDE AB Spectral and kinetic transformation studies of gelatin films based on 4-keto wild-type bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and 4-keto D96N mutant BR were carried out using absorbance spectroscopy. Spectral heterogeneity in the 400 nm range, assumed to be associated with the M-intermediate state, previously characterized for films of 4-keto wild-type BR, was observed in the 4-keto D96N mutant BR. This heterogeneity is associated to a greater extent with chromophore replacement than with amino acid replacement. The time constants of the M-decay are larger for all kinetic components for 4-keto D96N mutant in the absence of sodium azide. In addition, the contribution of the most long-lived component of the M-state decay is almost twice as large as for the film without sodium azide as it is for a film with sodium azide. This sodium azide effect on the M-state decay kinetics is opposite to that observed in the 4-keto wild-type BR. The comparison of the kinetics and spectral transformations of both pigments suggests that films containing 4-keto D96N mutant hold greater promise as media for information storage and retrieval. RP Druzhko, AB (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOMOL MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(96)08960-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA WU758 UT WOS:A1997WU75800048 ER PT J AU Jones, KM Maleki, S Ratliff, LP Lett, PD AF Jones, KM Maleki, S Ratliff, LP Lett, PD TI Two-colour photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold sodium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-COOLED ATOMS; SCATTERING LENGTH; COLD ATOMS; COLLISIONS; IONIZATION; STATE; TRAP; NA2; FLUORESCENCE; DEPENDENCE AB We demonstrate a number of two-colour spectroscopy techniques where the first step is the photoassociation of laser-cooled and trapped sodium atoms to form bound states of Na-2. High-resolution (similar to 0.001 cm(-1)) spectra of Na-2 are obtained. Spectra of the 0(g)(-) (3S + 3P(3/2)) 'purely long-range' state demonstrates the use of two-colour spectroscopy to open up an ionization channel for detecting the occurrence of photoassociation. The utility of photoassociation as a technique for producing cold molecular samples in a well defined rovibrational state is demonstrated with spectra showing bound --> bound and bound --> free (Condon internal diffraction) transitions after the photoassociation. Starting from states in the 0(g)(-) and 1(g) (3S + 3P(3/2)) potentials, these transitions include upward transitions to autoionizing potentials dissociating near 3P + 3P and downward transitions back to the 3S + 3S ground-state potentials. Spectroscopic constants for six levels of a doubly excited 1(u) state of Na-2 are given. C1 WILLIAMS COLL,DEPT PHYS,WILLIAMSTOWN,MA 01267. UNION COLL,DEPT PHYS,SCHENECTADY,NY 12308. RP Jones, KM (reprint author), NIST,DIV ATOM PHYS,PHYS A-167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 55 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 2 BP 289 EP 308 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/30/2/021 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WJ025 UT WOS:A1997WJ02500021 ER PT J AU Myatt, CJ Burt, EA Ghrist, RW Cornell, EA Wieman, CE AF Myatt, CJ Burt, EA Ghrist, RW Cornell, EA Wieman, CE TI Production of two overlapping Bose-Einstein condensates by sympathetic cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; RB-87; TRAP; CS AB A new apparatus featuring a double magneto-optic trap and an Ioffe-type magnetic trap was used to create condensates of 2 x 10(6) atoms in either of the \F = 2, m = 2] or \F = 1, m = - 1] spin states of Rb-87. Overlapping condensates of the two states were also created using nearly lossless sympathetic cooling of one state via thermal contact with the other evaporatively cooled state. We observed that (i) the scattering length of the \1, -1] state is positive, (ii) the rate constant for binary inelastic collisions between the two states is 2.2(9) x 10(-14) cm(3)/s, and (iii) there is a repulsive interaction between the two condensates. Similarities and differences between the behaviors of the two spin states are observed. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 21 TC 859 Z9 871 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 4 BP 586 EP 589 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.586 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WV391 UT WOS:A1997WV39100006 ER PT J AU Raithel, G Birkl, G Kastberg, A Phillips, WD Rolston, SL AF Raithel, G Birkl, G Kastberg, A Phillips, WD Rolston, SL TI Cooling and localization dynamics in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM OPTICS; ATOMS; LIGHT AB Using Bragg scattering as a sensitive probe, we study how atoms are cooled and localized after the sudden turn-on of 1D and 3D optical lattices. We measure the time evolution of the mean-square position spread of the atoms in the lattice potential wells, a quantity proportional to their effective temperature. The rate of exponential approach to equilibrium is proportional to the photon scattering rate and about 6 times faster in 1D than in 3D. This simple proportionality was unexpected, based on the usual model of Sisyphus cooling, but is in agreement with our 1D Monte Carlo simulations. RP Raithel, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS A167, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Kastberg, Anders/M-1490-2014 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Kastberg, Anders/0000-0002-6175-2252 NR 15 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 4 BP 630 EP 633 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.630 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WV391 UT WOS:A1997WV39100017 ER PT J AU Vorsa, V Nandi, S Campagnola, PJ Larsson, M Lineberger, WC AF Vorsa, V Nandi, S Campagnola, PJ Larsson, M Lineberger, WC TI Recombination dynamics of photodissociated I-2(-) in size selected Ar and CO2 clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; SOLVATION ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; RARE-GAS SOLIDS; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION; CONDENSED PHASE; IODINE PHOTODISSOCIATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; ATOM RECOMBINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS AB We report time-resolved photodissociation and geminate recombination dynamics of I-2(-) in size-selected I2-Arn and I-2(-)(CO2)(n) cluster ions by using ultrafast pump-probe techniques at 790 nm in conjunction with a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The absorption recovery, which reflects the time scale for photodissociation followed by recombination and vibrational relaxation of I-2(-) inside the cluster, shows a strong dependence on the composition of the surrounding cluster solvent. The absorption recovery time for I-2(-)(CO2)(16) is similar to 1 ps, whereas for I2-Ar20 it is similar to 130 ps. This difference is discussed in terms of electrostatic and hard sphere interactions, We also observe the time dependence of the destruction of the Ar solvent cage for I2-Ar16. Finally, absorption recovery data for I-2(-)(CO2)(n) cluster ions taken with 790 nm pump-probe wavelengths are compared with the greater energy release 720 nm data. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309. NIST,BOULDER,CO. RP Vorsa, V (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,CAMPUS BOX 215,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 64 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 22 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1410 DI 10.1063/1.473288 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WE312 UT WOS:A1997WE31200013 ER PT J AU Lamaze, GP AF Lamaze, GP TI A high efficiency device for the detection of radioactive xenon isotopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB A detector has been designed for the detection of sub-Becquerel amounts of the radioactive xenon isotopes Xe-131m and Xe-133. High efficiency has been obtained by the condensation of the sample directly onto the surfaces of two closely spaced silicon surface-barrier detectors. The measurement of the Xe-131m is based onthe detection of the conversion electrons. The Xe-133 measurement is obtained by detection of the 81 keV photon in a NaI detector that nearly surrounds the silicon detectors. The minimum detectable activity for Xe-133 is 0.015 Bq. For a Xe-113m sample with no Xe-133 present, the minimum detectable activity is about 0.003 Bq. RP Lamaze, GP (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 21 PY 1997 VL 385 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)01149-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WF943 UT WOS:A1997WF94300014 ER PT J AU Zweibel, EG Lovelace, RVE AF Zweibel, EG Lovelace, RVE TI Stability of magnetically supported disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; stars, formation AB Cold, magnetically supported disklike clouds are evolutionary precursors of protostars. Magnetic tension balances self-gravity in these systems, so the magnetic field lines kink as they cross the disk. Despite this strong magnetic curvature, these disks turn out to be marginally stable to self-gravitating perturbations which preserve the plane of the disk. C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP Zweibel, EG (reprint author), NIST, JILA, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 475 IS 1 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.1086/303530 PN 1 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WD179 UT WOS:A1997WD17900025 ER PT J AU Kucera, TA Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Shaw, D AF Kucera, TA Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Shaw, D TI Evidence for a cutoff in the frequency distribution of solar flares from small active regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, activity; Sun, flares; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID PARAMETERS; AVALANCHES AB In this paper, we present evidence that active regions with small sunspot areas have an upper limit to the energy of the hares they produce. This result is consistent with predictions of the avalanche model of Lu et al. We used data from the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission to study differences in the frequency distributions of solar hares as grouped by active region characteristics. The active region parameters considered were the total sunspot area, the longitudinal extent, the Mount Wilson class, and the McIntosh class. We find that there are significantly fewer high count rate flares (greater than or similar to 10(4) counts s(-1) above 60 keV) from regions with small sunspot areas (0-500 microhemispheres) than would be expected from a power-law extrapolation from the frequency distribution of flares with peak rates greater than 50 counts s(-1) above 60 keV. This is not found in the distribution of flares produced by regions with large sunspot areas (600-3600 microhemispheres). Using our analysis of the data and the predictions of the avalanche model we calculated a limit to the energy of a flare that can be produced by an active region with given sunspot area. There are no statistically significant differences between the frequency distributions of flares with peak count rates greater than or similar to 10(3) counts s(-1) grouped according to the other region characteristics studied. We also find that, in all cases, large complex regions appear to produce a lower percentage of low-energy events than do smaller, simpler regions. It is possible that this effect is the result of biases against observations of low count rate flares and the determination of their locations. C1 NOAA,SOLAR ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Kucera, TA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 682,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012; Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012 NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 475 IS 1 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1086/303532 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WD179 UT WOS:A1997WD17900034 ER PT J AU Laszlo, B Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ Miziolek, AW AF Laszlo, B Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ Miziolek, AW TI Kinetic studies of the reactions of BrO and IO radicals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ozone in the Lower Stratosphere CY 1995 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP European Commiss DG XII, WMO, NASA, NOAA, IOC, SPARC, LAP ID PHOTOLYSIS; BR-2 AB The 193-nm laser photolysis of Br-2/N2O mixtures in N-2 buffer has been utilized to determine the absorption cross section of BrO and to study the reactions of O(P-3) with Br-2, O(P-3) with BrO, and the self reaction of BrO at room temperature. The measured kinetic data are in good agreement with the literature values. Molecular bromine formation in the self-reaction of BrO can be described by the concerted steps of Br+BrO-->BrOBr and Br+BrOBr-->Br-2+BrO. From a curve fitting of the simultaneously monitored BrO and IO decays in the Br-2/I-2/N2O system, room temperature rate constants for the BrO+IO-->Products and I+BrO-->IO+Br reactions of (6.9+/-2.7)x10(11) cm(3)/molecule/s and (1.2+/10.6)x10(-11) cm(3)/molecule/s, respectively, were derived. Similar experiments using IBr, instead of Br-2/I-2, revealed a marked sensitivity of the rate constant analysis to the accessible ratio of radical concentrations. Kinetic analysis of this complex reaction system is presented. C1 USA, RES LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D1 BP 1523 EP 1532 DI 10.1029/96JD00458 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE445 UT WOS:A1997WE44500030 ER PT J AU Harris, NRP Ancellet, G Bishop, L Hofmann, DJ Kerr, JB McPeters, RD Prendez, M Randel, WJ Staehelin, J Subbaraya, BH VolzThomas, A Zawodny, J Zerefos, CS AF Harris, NRP Ancellet, G Bishop, L Hofmann, DJ Kerr, JB McPeters, RD Prendez, M Randel, WJ Staehelin, J Subbaraya, BH VolzThomas, A Zawodny, J Zerefos, CS TI Trends in stratospheric and free tropospheric ozone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ozone in the Lower Stratosphere CY 1995 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP European Commiss DG XII, WMO, NASA, NOAA, IOC, SPARC, LAP ID RECORD LOW OZONE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MT-PINATUBO; MOUNT-PINATUBO; SURFACE OZONE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; UNITED-STATES; NIMBUS-7 SBUV; UMKEHR DATA AB Current understanding of the long-term ozone trends is described. Of particular concern is an assessment of the quality of the available measurements, both ground and satellite based. Trends in total ozone have been calculated for the ground-based network and the combined data set from the solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments on Nimbus 7 and NOAA 11, At midlatitudes in the northern hemisphere the trends from 1979 to 1994 are significantly negative in all seasons and are larger in winter/spring (up to 7%/decade) than in summer/fall (about 3%/decade). Trends in the southern midlatitudes are also significantly negative in all seasons (3 to 6%/decade), but there is a smaller seasonal variation, In the tropics, trends are slightly-negative and at the edge of being significant at the 95% confidence level: these tropical trends are sensitive to the low ozone amounts observed near the end of the record and allowance must also be made for the suspected drift in the satellite calibration. The bulk of the midlatitude loss in the ozone column has taken place at altitudes between 15 and 25 km. There is disagreement on the magnitude of the reduction, with the SAGE I/II record showing trends as large as -20 +/- 8%/decade at 16-17 km and the ozonesondes indicating an average trend of -7 +/- 3%/decade in the northern hemisphere. (All uncertainties given in this paper are two standard errors or 95% confidence limits unless stated otherwise), Recent ozone measurements are described for both Antarctica and the rest of the globe, The sulphate aerosol resulting from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and dynamic phenomena seem to have affected ozone levels, particularly at northern midlatitudes and in the Antarctic vortex, However, the record low values observed were partly caused by the long-term trends and the effect on the calculated trends was less than 1.5%/decade. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CTR ATMOSPHER SCI, DEPT CHEM, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1HE, ENGLAND. UNIV PARIS 06, SERV AERON, CNRS, F-75252 PARIS, FRANCE. ALLIED SIGNAL INC, BUFFALO, NY 14210 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. ETH ZURICH, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. PHYS RES LAB, AHMEDABAD 380009, GUJARAT, INDIA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, JULICH, GERMANY. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. UNIV THESSALONIKI, LAB ATMOSPHER PHYS, THESSALONIKI, GREECE. RP UNIV CAMBRIDGE, EUROPEAN OZONE RES COORDINATING UNIT, 14 UNION RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1HE, ENGLAND. RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 NR 113 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D1 BP 1571 EP 1590 DI 10.1029/96JD02440 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE445 UT WOS:A1997WE44500035 ER PT J AU Bao, W Broholm, C Aeppli, G Dai, P Honig, JM Metcalf, P AF Bao, W Broholm, C Aeppli, G Dai, P Honig, JM Metcalf, P TI Dramatic switching of magnetic exchange in a classic transition metal oxide: Evidence for orbital ordering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CR-DOPED V2O3; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; HUBBARD-MODEL; INSULATING PHASE; NEUTRON; PURE AB Spin correlations in metallic and insulating phases of V2O3 and its derivatives are investigated using magnetic neutron scattering. Metallic samples have incommensurate spin correlations varying little with hole doping. Paramagnetic insulating samples have, spin correlations only among near neighbors. The transition from either of these phases into the low temperature insulating antiferromagnetic phase is accompanied by an abrupt change of dynamic magnetic short range, order. Our results support the idea that the transition into the antiferromagnetic insulator is also an orbital ordering transition. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NEC CORP LTD,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Bao, W (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.507 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WC798 UT WOS:A1997WC79800028 ER PT J AU Grodkowski, J Behar, D Neta, P Hambright, P AF Grodkowski, J Behar, D Neta, P Hambright, P TI Iron porphyrin-catalyzed reduction of CO2. Photochemical and radiation chemical studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ACTIVATION; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; COBALT(I) MACROCYCLE; RADIOLYTIC REDUCTION AB Several iron porphyrins have been reduced by photochemical anal radiation chemical methods, in organic solvents and in aqueous solutions, from (FeP)-P-III to Fe-II to (FeP)-P-I and beyond, In aqueous solutions, the (FeP)-P-I state is relatively stable for the tetrakis(N-methyl-2-pyridyl)porphyrin at high pH but is shorter lived in neutral and acidic solutions. The (FeP)-P-I state of tetrakis(N-methyl-3-pyridyl)porphyrin and tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin are short-lived at any pH. Decay of (FeP)-P-I is accelerated by H+ and by CO2, probably via reaction with the (FeP)-P-0 state formed upon disproportionation of (FeP)-P-I. These reactions may lend to formation of H-2 and CO, respectively, and to formation of the chlorin, (FePH2)-P-II, as a side product, The (FeP)-P-I state is also observed as a stable product in several organic solvents. This is observed by photolysis of iron tetraphenylporphyrin and several of its derivatives (e.g., trimethyl-, dichloro- and pentafluorophenyl), mainly in dimethylformamide and acetonitrile solutions, using triethylamine as a reductive quencher, Further photoreduction in the presence of CO2 results in catalyzed reduction of CO2 to CO and formation of (CO)-(FeP)-P-II. The yield of free CO increases with time of photolysis and reaches turnover numbers of similar to 70 molecules of CO per porphyrin molecule. C1 NIST,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 46 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 16 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1021/jp9628139 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WL084 UT WOS:A1997WL08400003 ER PT J AU Wilson, RJ AF Wilson, RJ TI A general circulation model simulation of the Martian polar warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZONAL-MEAN CIRCULATION; GLOBAL DUST STORMS; MARS; ATMOSPHERE AB This paper reports on a successful general circulation model simulation of a rapid warming phenomenon observed in the Martian winter polar atmosphere during global dust storm conditions. The model includes a self-consistent simulation of the dust distribution which is forced with a prescribed surface source. The warming is shown to be largely a response to the development of a pole-to-pole solstitial Hadley circulation resulting from the greatly increased dust loading. A crucial aspect of the simulation is a sufficiently deep computational domain that allows for the full development of this circulation. These simulations indicate that the thermal tides play a contributing role by providing zonal momentum flux divergence at the winter pole and by the advection of aerosol. RP Wilson, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1029/96GL03814 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WD301 UT WOS:A1997WD30100004 ER PT J AU Haywood, JM Ramaswamy, V Donner, LJ AF Haywood, JM Ramaswamy, V Donner, LJ TI A limited-area-model case study of the effects of sub-grid scale variations in relative humidity and cloud upon the direct radiative forcing of sulfate aerosol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC AB A limited-area non-hydrostatic model with a horizontal spatial resolution of 2km by 2km is used to assess the importance of sub-grid scale variations in relative humidity and cloud upon the direct radiative forcing (DRF) by tropospheric sulfate aerosols. The DRF from the limited-area model for both clear and cloudy regions is analyzed and the results compared against those obtained using general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations that perform the computations over coarse horizontal grids. In this idealized model study, the GCM calculations underestimate the clear sky DRF by approximately 73% and the cloudy sky DRF by approximately 60%. These results indicate that, for areas where the relative humidity is high and where there is substantial spatial variability in relative humidity and cloud, GCM calculations may considerably underestimate the DRF. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP Haywood, JM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,AOS PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 14 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1029/96GL03812 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WD301 UT WOS:A1997WD30100009 ER PT J AU Lobert, JM YvonLewis, SA Butler, JH Montzka, SA Myers, RC AF Lobert, JM YvonLewis, SA Butler, JH Montzka, SA Myers, RC TI Undersaturation of CH3Br in the Southern Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Dry mole fractions of methyl bromide (CH3Br) in marine boundary layer air and in air equilibrated with surface water were measured in the Southern Ocean. Saturation anomalies were consistently negative at -36+/-7%. The observed undersaturations do not support recently published predictions of highly supersaturated Antarctic waters, but instead suggest a net uptake of atmospheric CH3Br by cold, productive oceans. The observations do not appear to be supported by known chemical degradation rates and present strong evidence for an unidentified, oceanic sink mechanism such as biological breakdown. Our estimate for the global, net, oceanic sink for atmospheric methyl bromide remains negative at -21 (-11 to -32) Gg y(-1). C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Lobert, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/E-4108-2012; OI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/0000-0003-1378-8434; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 7 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.1029/96GL03928 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WD301 UT WOS:A1997WD30100016 ER PT J AU Ritter, JJ Maruthamuthu, P AF Ritter, JJ Maruthamuthu, P TI Synthesis of fine-powder polycrystalline Bi-Se-Te, Bi-Sb-Te, and Bi-Sb-Se-Te alloys SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH TELLURIDE AB Precursors to alloys such as Bi2SeTe2, Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, and Bi1.8Sb0.2Se0.15Te2.85 are synthesized by aqueous coprecipitation and metal-organo complex methods. The alloys are produced in fine-powder, polycrystalline form by hydrogen reduction of the precursors. Identification of the alloys is supported by total elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction data. The approach is simpler than conventional melt processing and gives product yields in the 88-92% range. RP Ritter, JJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 260 EP & DI 10.1021/ic960616i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA WC887 UT WOS:A1997WC88700025 ER PT J AU VanBrunt, RJ vonGlahn, P Las, T AF VanBrunt, RJ vonGlahn, P Las, T TI Anomalous stochastic behavior of partial discharge on aluminum oxide surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE DISTRIBUTION; MEMORY PROPAGATION; EPOXY-RESIN; CORONA; STATISTICS; CHARACTER; PATTERNS; PHYSICS; PULSES AB The stochastic properties of pulsating partial discharge (PD) generated by applying a low-frequency sinusoidal alternating voltage to a point electrode touching an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface in air have been investigated. The time dependence of such statistical characteristics as mean numbers of positive and negative PD pulses per half cycle and the amplitude and phase distributions of individual positive and negative PD pulses selected according to their order of occurrence in a cycle were extracted from records of the amplitudes and phases of all PD events that occurred while the voltage was applied for times up to 40 min. The discharge characteristics exhibit a dramatic sensitivity to the impurity content of Al2O3. In the case of high-purity (99.9%) Al2O3, the positive-PD pulses cease within 30 s after application of the voltage from which time the negative-PD pulses persist indefinitely in a relatively stationary pattern. The cessation of positive PD was not observed for Al2O3 samples of lower purity (96% or lower). A modified version of a previously developed Monte Carlo simulator of ac-generated PD that includes effects of transport and decay of surface charge between PD events was used to gain insight into the conditions that could give rise to the observed long-term behavior of PD for high purity Al2O3. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 ELECTROTECH INST,HIGH VOLTAGE DEPT,PL-04703 WARSAW,POLAND. RP VanBrunt, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECT & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 840 EP 854 DI 10.1063/1.364169 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD716 UT WOS:A1997WD71600045 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Hwang, W Weinberger, NM Ali, MA Rudd, ME AF Kim, YK Hwang, W Weinberger, NM Ali, MA Rudd, ME TI Electron-impact ionization cross sections of atmospheric molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA; NH3; THRESHOLD; METHANE; MASS; CO2; CS2; H2O; SO2 AB A theoretical model for electron-impact total ionization cross sections, which has been found to be reliable for a wide range of molecules, is applied to molecules of interest to atmospheric science. The new theory, the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model, combines the binary-encounter theory and the Bethe theory for electron-impact ionization, and uses simple theoretical data for the ground state of the target molecule, which are readily available from molecular structure codes. Total ionization cross sections of 11 molecules, CS, CS2, COS, CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2, N2O, O-3, S-2, and SO2, are presented for incident electron energies from threshold to 1 keV with an average accuracy of 15% or better at the cross section peak. We also found that the use of vertical ionization potentials (IPs) rather than adiabatic IPs for the lowest IPs significantly improves BEB cross sections between the threshold and cross section peak for molecules whose adiabatic and vertical IPs are different by similar to 1 eV or more (CH4 and NH3). The BEB cross sections are presented in a compact analytic form with a small number of constants, making the cross sections suitable for modeling applications. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP Kim, YK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1063/1.473186 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WD070 UT WOS:A1997WD07000020 ER PT J AU Enfield, DB Mayer, DA AF Enfield, DB Mayer, DA TI Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability and its relation to El Nino Southern Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST BRAZIL; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; PREDICTION; LATITUDES; RAINFALL; DROUGHTS; MODEL AB Past analyses of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability have suggested a dipole behavior between the northern and southern tropics, across the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). By analyzing an improved 43-year (1950-1992) record of SST [Smith er al., 1996] and other data derived from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (GOADS), it is shown that the regions north and south of the ITCZ are statistically independent of each other at the seasonal to interannual timescales dominating the data, confirming the conclusions of Houghton and Tourre [1992]. Some dipole behavior does develop weakly during the boreal spring season, when there is a tendency for SST anomaly west of Angola to be opposite of that in the tropical North Atlantic. It is further shown that tropical Atlantic SST variability is correlated with Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in several regions. The major region affected is the North Atlantic area of NE trades west of 40 degrees W along 10 degrees N - 20 degrees N and extending into the Caribbean. There, about 50-80% of the anomalous SST variability is associated with the Pacific ENSO, with Atlantic warmings occurring 4-5 months after the mature phases of Pacific warm events. An analysis of local surface flux fields derived from GOADS data shows that the ENSO-related Atlantic warmings occur as a result of reductions in the surface NE trade wind speeds, which in turn reduce latent and sensible heat losses over the region in question, as well as cooling due to entrainment. This ENSO connection is best developed during the boreal spring following the most frequent season of maximum ENSO anomalies in the Pacific. A region of secondary covariability with ENSO occurs along the northern edge of the mean ITCZ position and appears to be associated with northward migrations of the ITCZ when the North Atlantic warmings occur. Although easterly winds are intensified in the western equatorial Atlantic in response to Pacific warm events, they do not produce strong local changes in SST. Contrary to expectations from studies based on equatorial dynamics, these teleconnected wind anomalies do not give rise to significant correlations of SST in the Gulf of Guinea with the Pacific ENSO. As the teleconnection sequence matures, strong SE trades at low southern latitudes follow the development of the North Atlantic SST anomaly and precede by several months the appearance of weak negative SST anomalies off Angola and stronger positive anomalies extending eastward from southern Brazil along 15 degrees-30 degrees S. RP Enfield, DB (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 33 TC 488 Z9 506 U1 9 U2 57 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C1 BP 929 EP 945 DI 10.1029/96JC03296 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA WC950 UT WOS:A1997WC95000003 ER PT J AU Cheng, HP Gillaspy, JD AF Cheng, HP Gillaspy, JD TI Nanoscale modification of silicon surfaces via Coulomb explosion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; HOLLOW ATOMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NE ATOMS; ELECTRONS; SIMULATIONS; BOMBARDMENT; FEATURES; ENERGY; TRAP AB Coulomb explosions on silicon surfaces are studied using large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations. Processes under investigation begin by embedding a region consisting of 265-365 singly charged Si+ ions on a Si [111] surface. The repulsive electrostatic energy, initially stood in the charged region, leads to a local state with ultrahigh pressure and stress. During the relaxation process, part of the potential energy propagates into the surrounding region while the remainder is converted to kinetic energy, resulting in a Coulomb explosion. Within less than 1.0 ps, a nanometer-sized hole on the surface is formed. A full analysis of the density, temperature, pressure, and energy distribution as functions of time reveals the time evolution of physical properties of the systems related to the violent explosive event. A shock wave that propagates in the substrate is formed during the first stage of the explosion, 040, e.g.) on semiconductor materials. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,QTP,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NIST,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Cheng, HP (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 66 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2628 EP 2636 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2628 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400089 ER PT J AU Brewczyk, M Rzazewski, K Clark, CW AF Brewczyk, M Rzazewski, K Clark, CW TI Multielectron dissociative ionization of molecules by intense laser radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; FIELD; PICOSECOND; DYNAMICS; IONS AB We solve the hydrodynamic-ballistic equations of motion fora one-dimensional time-dependent Thomas-Fermi model of Cl-2 exposed to an intense subpicosecond laser field, and observe simultaneous multielectron ionization and molecular dissociation. The fragment kinetic energy defect with respect to the simple Coulomb explosion picture is found to originate in ejected-electron screening of the escaping fragments; its magnitude agrees with that observed in recent experiments. C1 POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZYKI TEORETYCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. COLL SCI,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. NIST,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,PHYS LAB,TECH ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Brewczyk, M (reprint author), FILIA UNIWERSYTETU WARSZAWSKIEGO,UL LIPOWA 41,PL-15424 BIALYSTOK,POLAND. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Rzazewski, Kazimierz/G-4854-2011 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Rzazewski, Kazimierz/0000-0002-6082-3565 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.191 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WU310 UT WOS:A1997WU31000008 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Bryan, K AF Griffies, SM Bryan, K TI Predictability of North Atlantic multidecadal climate variability SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CIRCULATION AB Atmospheric weather systems become unpredictable beyond a few weeks, but climate variations can be predictable over much longer periods because of the coupling of the ocean and atmosphere. With the use of a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model, it is shown that the North Atlantic may have climatic predictability on the order of a decade or longer. These results suggest that variations of the dominant multidecadal sea surface temperature patterns in the North Atlantic, which have been associated with changes in climate over Eurasia, can be predicted if an adequate and sustainable system for monitoring the Atlantic Ocean exists. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP PRINCETON UNIV, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, ROUTE 1, FORRESTAL CAMPUS, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 18 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 10 PY 1997 VL 275 IS 5297 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1126/science.275.5297.181 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WC022 UT WOS:A1997WC02200028 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Guschin, AG Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ AF Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Guschin, AG Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ TI Atmospheric fate of chlorobromomethane: Rate constant for the reaction with OH, UV spectrum, and water solubility SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BR-CONTAINING HALOALKANES; HYDROXYL RADICALS; LIFETIMES; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; CH3BR AB The rate constant for the reaction of CH2ClBr with OH was measured by both flash photolysis resonance fluorescence and discharge flow electron paramagnetic resonance techniques over the temperature range 277-370 K. The Arrhenius expression 3.04(-0.6)(+0.8) x 10(-12) exp{-(978+/-72)/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was derived from a composite fit to both data sets, Absorption cross-sections of CH2ClBr were measured from 187 to 290 nm at 295 K. The solubility of CH2ClBr in water was also estimated to determine if such a process could be important in determining the atmospheric lifetime of CH2ClBr. The atmospheric lifetime and ozone depletion potential for CH2ClBr were estimated. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST CHEM PHYS ENERGY PROBLEMS,MOSCOW 117829,RUSSIA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 9 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 2 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1021/jp962428j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WL082 UT WOS:A1997WL08200012 ER PT J AU Brum, JL Hudgens, JW AF Brum, JL Hudgens, JW TI Spectroscopic characterization of the AsF2 radical SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; IONS; PF2 AB The electronic spectrum of the AsF2 radical was observed between 330 and 380 nm using one-color, mass-resolved, 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. The spectrum arises from two-photon resonances with the (F) over tilde (T-0=54 355 +/- 15 cm(-1), nu(1)' = 813 +/- 6 cm(-1), and nu(2)' = 308 +/- 5 cm(-1)) and (H) over tilde(T-0=57 480 +/- 15 cm(-1), nu(1)' = 810 +/- 10 cm(-1), and nu(2)' = 310 +/- 20 cm(-1)), Rydberg states. A third photon ionized the radicals. The REMPI spectrum exhibits vibrational hot bands that give spectroscopic constants for 4sF(2) ((X) over tilde B-2(1)) of nu(1) ''=705 +/- 10 cm(-1) and nu(2) '' = 285 +/- 10 cm(-1). Solutions of the Rydberg equation indicate that plausible assignments for the (F) over tilde and (H) over tilde states are limited to the set of 4d and 5p Rydberg states. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 2 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1063/1.473389 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WB843 UT WOS:A1997WB84300005 ER PT J AU Lugez, CL Forney, D Jacox, ME Irikura, KK AF Lugez, CL Forney, D Jacox, ME Irikura, KK TI The vibrational spectra of molecular ions isolated in solid neon .14. CH3F+, CH3Cl+, CH(3)BR(+), and their ylidion isomers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; METHYL HALIDE-IONS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; MATRIX-ISOLATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; RADICAL CATIONS; PAIR FORMATION AB When a Ne:CH(3)X (X=F, Cl, Br) sample is codeposited at approximately 5 K with neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, the infrared spectrum of the resulting solid deposit includes prominent absorptions which can be assigned to cation products. It has previously been established that the ylidion (H(2)CXH(+)) isomers have stable potential minima and that H2CFH+ is lower in energy than CH3F+. The identification of the new absorptions is aided by experimental studies on isotopically substituted Ne:CH(3)X samples and by ab initio calculations of the structures and vibrational fundamentals of both CH(3)X(+) and H(2)CXH(+). In each of the three systems, a prominent absorption which is intermediate in frequency between the gas-phase (and neon-matrix) absorptions of HX and HX(+) can be assigned to the ylidion, as can be several other absorptions. Still other absorptions can be assigned to CH3Cl+ and CH3Br+. The behavior of the product absorptions on exposure of the deposit to filtered visible and ultraviolet radiation is consistent with the proposed assignments. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Lugez, CL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 86 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 2 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1063/1.473390 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WB843 UT WOS:A1997WB84300006 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, M deGouw, JA Ding, LN Bierbaum, VM Leone, SR AF Krishnamurthy, M deGouw, JA Ding, LN Bierbaum, VM Leone, SR TI Mobility and formation kinetics of NH4+(NH3)(n) cluster ions (n=O-3) in helium and helium/ammonia mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRIFT; TUBE AB NH4+(NH3)(n) (n=0-3) cluster ions are produced in a field-free flow tube section of a selected ion flow-drift tube (SIFDT) apparatus. Cluster ion mobilities are measured in mixtures of He and NH3 and used to obtain the individual mobilities in helium and in ammonia by applying Blanc's law to the mixtures. Mobilities of the cluster ions are also measured in pure helium by producing the ions in the ion source of a flowing afterglow, selected ion flow-drift tube apparatus (FA-SIFDT). The measurements in pure helium compare well with the mobilities in helium obtained by applying Blanc's law to the mixtures. The zero field mobilities of the cluster ions in helium are 22.1+/-0.4 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for NH4+, 16.6+/-0.4 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for NH4+(NH3)(3). The decrease with increasing size of the cluster can be explained in terms of the sizes of the geometric cross sections. The zero-field mobilities in NH3 are 0.94+/-0.35 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for NH4+, 0.83+/-0.22 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for NH4+(NH3)(3). The small values of the mobilities in these polar gas systems are understood in terms of the strong ion-dipole interactions. Calculated mobilities in NH3 are obtained by computing the collision cross section with the ion-dipole interactions taken into account; the results compare well with the measurements for NH4+ and NH4+(NH3). However, the measured mobilities of the larger cluster ions are smaller than the computed values. The discrepancies may be due to several factors including dipole-dipole interactions, ligand exchange reactions, formation of long-lived quasibound complexes, and efficient transfer of kinetic energy into internal energy of the cluster ion and the ammonia molecules. (C) American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Krishnamurthy, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 2 BP 530 EP 538 DI 10.1063/1.473964 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WB843 UT WOS:A1997WB84300010 ER PT J AU Liou, SH Malhotra, SS Moreland, J Hopkins, PF AF Liou, SH Malhotra, SS Moreland, J Hopkins, PF TI High resolution imaging of thin-film recording heads by superparamagnetic magnetic force microscopy tips SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY AB We have used superparamagnetic magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tips to obtain high spatial resolution MFM images of recording heads. Profiles of the magnetic field gradient above a thin-film recording head under 3 mA bias current to the head and various tip-head distance conditions are presented. At a low tip-head distance, the gap width, gap location, and gap-field structure can be well resolved in these MFM images. Superparamagnetic tips show promise for the magnetic imaging of recording heads with gap widths below 200 nm. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR MAT RES & ANAL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. QUANTUM PERIPHERALS COLORADO,LOUISVILLE,CO 80028. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1063/1.119286 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WA662 UT WOS:A1997WA66200046 ER PT J AU Bell, CM Sander, LC Wise, SA AF Bell, CM Sander, LC Wise, SA TI Temperature dependence of carotenoids on C-18, C-30 and C-34 bonded stationary phases SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE column temperature; temperature effect; stationary phases, LC; carotenoids; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RETENTION BEHAVIOR; HPLC SEPARATION; VITAMIN-E; SELECTIVITY; ISOMERS AB The influence of temperature on the liquid chromatographic retention of carotenoids was assessed for C-18, C-30 and C-34 stationary phases. Linear or mostly linear van't Hoff plots were observed for all solutes on the C-18 stationary phase, but solutes displayed a variety of retention behaviors in response to temperature on the C-30 and C-34 stationary phases. Bent carotenoids and non-planar PAHs exhibited unusual retention behavior on the long-chain phases, displaying increases in retention with increasing temperature in some regions of the temperature range studied. Chromatograms are shown that illustrate how these varying responses can be used to optimize carotenoid separations. RP Bell, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ANALYT CHEM,BLDG 222,ROOM B208,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 60 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 3 PY 1997 VL 757 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00664-4 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WE569 UT WOS:A1997WE56900003 ER PT J AU Gilson, MK AF Gilson, MK TI Responsibility of co-authors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP Gilson, MK (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 1997 VL 275 IS 5296 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WA903 UT WOS:A1997WA90300007 PM 8999525 ER PT J AU Rekharsky, MV Mayhew, MP Goldberg, RN Ross, PD Yamashoji, Y Inoue, Y AF Rekharsky, MV Mayhew, MP Goldberg, RN Ross, PD Yamashoji, Y Inoue, Y TI Thermodynamic and nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reactions of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin with acids, aliphatic amines, and cyclic alcohols SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INCLUSION COMPLEXES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BENZOIC-ACIDS; BINDING; TITRATION; WATER; CYCLOMALTOHEXAOSE; CYCLOHEXAAMYLOSE; RECOGNITION; MECHANISMS AB Titration calorimetry was used to determine equilibrium constants and standard molar enthalpy, Gibbs energy, and entropy changes for the reactions of a series of acids, amines, and cyclic alcohols with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin. The results have been examined in terms of structural features in the ligands such as the number of alkyl groups, the charge number, the presence of a double bond, branching, and the presence of methyl and methoxy groups. The values of thermodynamic quantities, in particular the standard molar Gibbs energy, correlate well with the structural features in the ligands. These structural correlations can be used for the estimation of thermodynamic quantities for related reactions. Enthalpy-entropy compensation is evident when the individual classes of substances studied herein are considered, but does not hold when these various classes of ligands are considered collectively. The NMR results indicate that the mode of accommodation of the acids and amines in the alpha-cyclodextrin cavity is very similar, but that the 1-methyl groups in 1-methylhexylamine and in 1-methylheptylamine and the N-methyl group in N-methylhexylamine lie outside the alpha-cyclodextrin cavity. This latter finding is consistent with the calorimetric results. Many of the thermodynamic and NMR results can be qualitatively understood in terms of van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIH,MOL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OSAKA UNIV,FAC ENGN,DEPT MOL CHEM,SUITA,OSAKA 565,JAPAN. NR 46 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 2 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1021/jp962715n PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WL102 UT WOS:A1997WL10200014 ER PT B AU Karl, TR Knight, RW Groisman, PY Easterling, DR AF Karl, TR Knight, RW Groisman, PY Easterling, DR GP AMS TI Changes and variations in temperature and precipitation extremes: Evidence for an enhanced hydrologic cycle? SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Karl, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700001 ER PT B AU Cooter, EJ Rhome, JR Hill, JB AF Cooter, EJ Rhome, JR Hill, JB GP AMS TI Spring and summer 1995 regional climate conditions and the assessment of atrazine exposure in and around Lake Michigan SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 2 EP 6 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700002 ER PT B AU Ferraro, R AF Ferraro, R GP AMS TI Hydrological cycle climate parameters derived from SSM/I measurements SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Ferraro, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, 4700 Silver Hill Rd,Stop 9910, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700005 ER PT B AU Basist, A Grody, NC Peterson, TC Williams, CN AF Basist, A Grody, NC Peterson, TC Williams, CN GP AMS TI Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to monitor land surface temperatures and wetness SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Basist, A (reprint author), Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,Rm 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700008 ER PT B AU Gallo, KP Owen, TW AF Gallo, KP Owen, TW GP AMS TI A multi-sensor perspective for assessment of urban heat islands SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Gallo, KP (reprint author), Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700010 ER PT B AU Julian, LT Daniel, JM Vogel, JL AF Julian, LT Daniel, JM Vogel, JL GP AMS TI Semiarid precipitation frequency project or NOAA Atlas 14 SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrometerol Design Studies Ctr, W OH2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Julian, LT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrometerol Design Studies Ctr, W OH2, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 37 EP 41 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700013 ER PT B AU Govett, MW Moninger, WR Tollerud, EI AF Govett, MW Moninger, WR Tollerud, EI GP AMS TI A demonstration of the access and display of fifty years of hourly precipitation data available on CD-ROM SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, FSL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Govett, MW (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, FSL, RE FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Govett, Mark/H-2363-2015; moninger, william/G-4910-2015 OI moninger, william/0000-0003-0716-4721 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 42 EP 45 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700014 ER PT B AU Fenn, DD Kluck, DR Vogel, JL Corrigan, P AF Fenn, DD Kluck, DR Vogel, JL Corrigan, P GP AMS TI Probable maximum precipitation for California SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OH, Hydrometeorol Design Studies Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kluck, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OH, Hydrometeorol Design Studies Ctr, SSMC2,Stn 7216,1325 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700015 ER PT B AU Heim, RR AF Heim, RR GP AMS TI Review of 20th Century drought indices used in the United States SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave,Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 53 EP 57 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700017 ER PT B AU Heim, RR AF Heim, RR GP AMS TI The 1961-1990 global standard climate normals SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave,Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 58 EP 61 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700018 ER PT B AU Leffler, RJ Goodge, G AF Leffler, RJ Goodge, G GP AMS TI A brief summary of the report on Montague, New York's, 77-inch, 24-hour January 11-12, 1997, lake-effect snowfall SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Leffler, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700043 ER PT B AU Heim, RR AF Heim, RR GP AMS TI On computing 1971-2000 climate normals in the ASOS era SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave,Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 171 EP 175 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700049 ER PT B AU Corrigan, P AF Corrigan, P GP AMS TI California Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) for local storms SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, W Gulf River Forecast Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. RP Corrigan, P (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, W Gulf River Forecast Ctr, 3401 No Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 204 EP 207 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700059 ER PT B AU Quayle, RG Steadman, RG AF Quayle, RG Steadman, RG GP AMS TI Steadman's wind chill: An improvement over present scales SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Quayle, RG (reprint author), Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700067 ER PT B AU Manns, DJ Faas, WM AF Manns, DJ Faas, WM GP AMS TI Visualization of NOAA's environmental data for climate applications SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Modernization of data observing, processing, and archiving have made available worldwide huge quantities of environmental data. The challenge is to manage these growing resources of data so that users can efficiently extract value for their particular applications. To meet this challenge, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) developed a World Wide Web (WWW) tool called the Climate Visualization System (CLIMVIS) which allows global users to access, browse, analyze, and download data from the largest meteorological data bank in the world. System requirements were driven by ease of customer use and include an easy-to-use interface and a timely visual product. Through the software developed at NCDC, the user has the capability to interactively select data according to location, time frame, and parameter from a variety of NCDC quality controlled datasets and produce a time series, contour, or vector plot on-the-fly. Displays can vary from a specific weather event to an entire period of record. CLIMVIS provides an effective and efficient browsing tool to determine the availability of data, as well as an analytical tool for displaying multiple parameters (up to four) as a function of time. The selected data may be immediately downloaded via the web browser ftp function. It is available to anyone with internet access and a web browser. This package, from which users are already generating over 40,000 images per month, has become an important means to expand NOAA's data network, making data available for many varied applications, from education, research, government scientist, legal and businesses worldwide. These users now can easily access, analyze and download historical climate data. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Faas, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,Room 447, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700089 ER PT B AU Tollerud, EI Govett, MW Moninger, WR Steurer, PM AF Tollerud, EI Govett, MW Moninger, WR Steurer, PM GP AMS TI New access and display routines for Hourly Precipitation Data and metadata using CD-ROMs and the World Wide Web SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, FSL REFS1, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Tollerud, EI (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, FSL REFS1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Govett, Mark/H-2363-2015; moninger, william/G-4910-2015 OI moninger, william/0000-0003-0716-4721 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 314 EP 318 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700090 ER PT B AU Kaufmann, P AF Kaufmann, P GP AMS TI Classification of local wind patterns using surface data and radar wind profiler measurements SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Labs, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kaufmann, P (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Labs, ETL, 325 Broadway R-E-ET7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 403 EP 407 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700113 ER PT B AU Sagendorf, JF AF Sagendorf, JF GP AMS TI Accident risk assessment using a network of meteorological towers in eastern Idaho SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ARL, FRD, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Sagendorf, JF (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, FRD, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 408 EP 410 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700114 ER PT B AU Wheeler, M Kiladis, GN AF Wheeler, M Kiladis, GN GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Tropospheric equatorial Rossby and mixed Rossby-gravity waves: TOGA COARE observations and long-term statistics SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL TACOMA, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wheeler, M (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway R-E-AL3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011 OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK05U UT WOS:000071010100002 ER PT B AU Kiladis, GN AF Kiladis, GN GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Horizontal and vertical propagation of Rossby waves linked to convection over the eastern tropical Pacific SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL TACOMA, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK05U UT WOS:000071010100073 ER PT B AU Swanson, KL Kushner, PJ Held, IM AF Swanson, KL Kushner, PJ Held, IM GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Dynamics of barotropic storm tracks SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL TACOMA, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 LMD, Paris, France. RP Kushner, PJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK05U UT WOS:000071010100075 ER PT S AU Snelick, R AF Snelick, R GP IEEE COMP SOC TI S-check: A tool for tuning parallel programs SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM. PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Parallel Processing Symposium (IPPS 97) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGARCH, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, Swiss SIPAR, SPEEDUP Soc AB We present a novel tool, called S-Check, for identifying performance bottlenecks in parallel and networked programs. S-Check is a highly-automated sensitivity analysis tool for programs that extends benchmarking and conventional profiling. It predicts how refinements in parts of a program are going to affect performance by making local changes in code efficiencies and correlating these against overall program performance. This analysis is a sophisticated comparison that catches interactions arising from shared resources or communication links. S-Check's performance assessment ranks code segments (bottlenecks) according to their sensitivity to the code efficiency changes. This rank-ordered list serves as a guide for tuning applications. In practice, S-Check code analysis yields faster parallel programs. A case study compares and contrasts sensitivity analyses of the same program on, different architectures and offers solutions for performance improvement. An initial implementation of S-Check runs on Silicon Graphics multiprocessors and IBM SP machines. Particulars of the underlying methodology are only sketched, with main emphasis given to details of the tool S-Check and its use. RP Snelick, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-7133 BN 0-8186-7793-7 J9 IPPS PROC PY 1997 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1109/IPPS.1997.580861 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH56G UT WOS:A1997BH56G00015 ER PT B AU Angevine, WM Grimsdell, AW Warnock, JM Clark, WL Delany, AC AF Angevine, WM Grimsdell, AW Warnock, JM Clark, WL Delany, AC GP AMS TI The Flatland boundary layer experiments - Overview SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-E-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700001 ER PT B AU Grimsdell, AW Angevine, WM AF Grimsdell, AW Angevine, WM GP AMS TI Boundary layer measurement during the Flatland boundary layer experiments SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Grimsdell, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-E-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700002 ER PT B AU Senff, CJ Grund, CJ Mayor, SD Zhao, YZ Marchbanks, RD AF Senff, CJ Grund, CJ Mayor, SD Zhao, YZ Marchbanks, RD GP AMS TI Remote measurement of vertical turbulent transport of ozone in the convective boundary layer during LIFT using an ozone DIAL/Doppler lidar combination SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab,CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Senff, CJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab,CIRES, R-E-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700005 ER PT B AU Banta, RM Orr, BW Grund, CJ Levinson, DH Frisch, AS Mayor, SD AF Banta, RM Orr, BW Grund, CJ Levinson, DH Frisch, AS Mayor, SD GP AMS TI Estimation of TKE and momentum flux profiles from Doppler lidar scans during LIFT SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700006 ER PT B AU Grund, CJ AF Grund, CJ GP AMS TI Nocturnal and transitional boundary layers observed by the High Resolution Doppler Lidar during the LIFT experiment SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Grund, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700007 ER PT B AU Grund, CJ Banta, RM Cohn, SA Frush, CL George, JL Healy, KR Howell, JN Mayor, SD Richter, RA Weickmann, AM AF Grund, CJ Banta, RM Cohn, SA Frush, CL George, JL Healy, KR Howell, JN Mayor, SD Richter, RA Weickmann, AM GP AMS TI The high Resolution Doppler Lidar: A new tool for boundary layer research SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Grund, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, ETL, R-E-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700008 ER PT B AU Angevine, WM Grimsdell, AW McKeen, SA Warnock, JM AF Angevine, WM Grimsdell, AW McKeen, SA Warnock, JM GP AMS TI Entrainment results from the Flatland boundary layer experiments SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-E-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700009 ER PT B AU Banta, RM AF Banta, RM GP AMS TI On the estimation of CBL mixing height from surface flux and turbulence measurements SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700011 ER PT B AU White, AB AF White, AB GP AMS TI Horizontal variation in mixing depth observed during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ERL,Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, ERL,Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700020 ER PT B AU Frisch, S Martner, BE Fitzjarrald, D AF Frisch, S Martner, BE Fitzjarrald, D GP AMS TI Doppler radar measurements of vertical velocity statistics above a boreal forest SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Frisch, S (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700022 ER PT B AU Feingold, G Frisch, AS Stevens, B Cotton, WR AF Feingold, G Frisch, AS Stevens, B Cotton, WR GP AMS TI Drizzle in the stratocumulus-capped boundary layer as viewed by radar, radiometer and lidar SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, CIRA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, CIRA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700032 ER PT B AU Frisch, S Krueger, S AF Frisch, S Krueger, S GP AMS TI A comparison between stratus cloud observations using a cloud Doppler radar and the university of Utah cloud model. SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Frisch, S (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700046 ER PT B AU Johnson, J AF Johnson, J GP AMS TI Classification of undular bore gravity waves in the high plains of the United States SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Dodge City, KS 67801 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 104 Airport Rd, Dodge City, KS 67801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700083 ER PT B AU Frenzen, P Vogel, CA AF Frenzen, P Vogel, CA GP AMS TI Scaling the TKE budget above a roughness sublayer SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Frenzen, P (reprint author), 263 Kala Hts Dr, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 279 EP 280 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700141 ER PT B AU Hare, JE Wilczak, JM Fairall, CW Hara, T Edson, JB AF Hare, JE Wilczak, JM Fairall, CW Hara, T Edson, JB GP AMS TI The statistical structure of air flow over sea swell SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hare, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700144 ER PT B AU Vogel, CA Crawford, TL AF Vogel, CA Crawford, TL GP AMS TI Dissipation measurements in the marine atmospheric surface layer SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vogel, CA (reprint author), NOAA, ATDD, 456 S Illinois Ave,POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700157 ER PT B AU Wilczak, J Edson, J Hara, T Hojstrup, J Hare, J AF Wilczak, J Edson, J Hara, T Hojstrup, J Hare, J GP AMS TI The turbulent kinetic energy budget during RASEX SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wilczak, J (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700158 ER PT B AU Levinson, DH Banta, RM AF Levinson, DH Banta, RM GP AMS TI Daytime evolution of surface layer winds and wind stress along the Oregon coast during upwelling conditions SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Colorado, ERL, ETL, CIRES,NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Levinson, DH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ERL, ETL, CIRES,NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700160 ER PT B AU Banta, R Levinson, DH AF Banta, R Levinson, DH GP AMS TI Spatial-variability and representativeness considerations for siting instrumented masts and towers near coastlines SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Banta, R (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 320 EP 321 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700162 ER PT B AU Bond, NA Walter, BA AF Bond, NA Walter, BA GP AMS TI Research aircraft observations of a warm front near Vancouver Island from the 12/9/95 case of coast SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700171 ER PT B AU Newsom, RK Banta, RM AF Newsom, RK Banta, RM GP AMS TI Sampling effects on 3D wind field retrievals using 4D variational assimilation SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, ERL, Natl Res Council, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, ERL, Natl Res Council, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 374 EP 375 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700189 ER PT B AU Fairall, CW Hare, JE Smith, SD Anderson, RA Kohsiek, W AF Fairall, CW Hare, JE Smith, SD Anderson, RA Kohsiek, W GP AMS TI Preliminary analysis of CO2 flux data from ASGAMAGE-B SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Fairall, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,R-E-ET7, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700209 ER PT B AU Persson, POG Hare, J Fairall, CW Ataturk, S Katsaros, K AF Persson, POG Hare, J Fairall, CW Ataturk, S Katsaros, K GP AMS TI Air-sea interaction measurements during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm Tracks Experiment (FASTEX) SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ETL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Persson, POG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ETL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700210 ER PT B AU Meyers, TP Baldocchi, DD AF Meyers, TP Baldocchi, DD GP AMS TI The variation of seasonal latent energy fluxes from two distinct surface types SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyers, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, 456 S Illinois Ave,POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700216 ER PT B AU Grachev, AA Fairall, CW AF Grachev, AA Fairall, CW GP AMS TI Air-sea fluxes in the local free convection limit SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Fairall, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,R-E-WET7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 492 EP 493 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700249 ER PT B AU King, CW AF King, CW GP AMS TI The relationship between ambient winds, boundary layer stability, and thermally forced circulations in complex terrain SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP King, CW (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, ETL, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700255 ER PT B AU King, CW Ruffieux, D AF King, CW Ruffieux, D GP AMS TI Radiation budget measurements and simulations along the Continental Divide in Colorado SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP King, CW (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, ETL, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 520 EP 521 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700263 ER PT B AU Neff, WD AF Neff, WD GP AMS TI The relation of vertical mixing, horizontal transport and complex terrain to wintertime air pollution episodes along the Northern Colorado Front Range SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Labs, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Neff, WD (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Labs, ETL, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 532 EP 533 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700269 ER PT B AU Banta, RM McNider, RT AF Banta, RM McNider, RT GP AMS TI Intra-regional variability of mixing height during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study near Nashville, Tennessee SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, R-E-ET2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700278 ER PT B AU Hane, CE Bluestein, HB Crawford, TM Baldwin, ME Rabin, RM AF Hane, CE Bluestein, HB Crawford, TM Baldwin, ME Rabin, RM GP AMS TI Surface heterogeneities in relation to severe thunderstorm development along the dryline: A case study SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hane, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Cir, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 577 EP 578 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700292 ER PT B AU Rao, KS AF Rao, KS GP AMS TI The contribution of the Kansas experiment to ABL modeling SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 NOAA, ATDD, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, KS (reprint author), NOAA, ATDD, ARL, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700295 ER PT B AU Creswell, MW Sniegowski, JJ Goshtagore, RN Allen, RA Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW AF Creswell, MW Sniegowski, JJ Goshtagore, RN Allen, RA Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW GP IEEE TI Electrical linewidth test structures fabricated in mono-crystalline films for reference-material applications SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Electrical Linewidth measurements have been extracted from test structures replicated in thin planar films of mono-crystalline silicon with feature widths down to 0.18 mu m. The structures are electrically insulated from a bulk-silicon substrate by a layer of silicon dioxide provided by SIMOX (Separation by the IMplantation of OXygen) technology. The motivation is to facilitate the development of linewidth reference materials for Critical-Dimension (CD) instrument calibration. Appropriate selection of the orientation of the starting silicon, relative to the orientation of the structures' features, allows patterning by a lattice-plane selective etch thus providing the desired reference-feature properties of rectangular cross section and atomically planar sidewalls, These properties are highly desirable for CD-reference applications where feature widths must be certified with nanometer-level uncertainty for use by a diverse range of CD instruments. End applications include the development and calibration of new generations of CD instruments directed at controlling processes for manufacturing devices having sub-quarter-micrometer features. RP Creswell, MW (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3244-X PY 1997 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.1997.589305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH73B UT WOS:A1997BH73B00004 ER PT B AU Schafft, HA AF Schafft, HA GP IEEE TI Reliability test chips: NIST33 & NIST34 for JEDEC inter-laboratory experiments and more SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 13-16, 1997 CL STANFORD SIERRA CAMP, LAKE TAHOE, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc HO STANFORD SIERRA CAMP C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schafft, HA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4205-4 PY 1997 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.1109/IRWS.1997.660312 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK65J UT WOS:000072959700037 ER PT B AU Albus, JS AF Albus, JS GP IEEE TI Engineering intelligent systems SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - CIRA '97, PROCEEDINGS: TOWARDS NEW COMPUTATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA 97) - Towards New Computational Principles for Robotics and Automation CY JUL 10-11, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Council C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INTELLIGENT SYST DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20895. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8138-1 PY 1997 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJ29M UT WOS:A1997BJ29M00001 ER PT S AU Lee, WD Sullivan, DB AF Lee, WD Sullivan, DB BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Cesium beam frequency standards SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB This historical review of the development of cesium beam frequency standards covers the period from the announcement of the first atomic frequency standard in 1949 to the present. It describes the concepts as well as the key factors affecting the development of the various cesium standards. RP Lee, WD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1161 EP 1163 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00271 ER PT S AU Russell, DH AF Russell, DH BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI The waveguide below cutoff attenuation standard SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB A semi-tutorial review of the history, development and application of waveguide below-cutoff attenuation standards is presented. A brief summary of the EM theory is followed by descriptions of the various designs implemented over a span of 60 years. Designs range from simplistic to elaborate electro-mechanical creations stretching the toolmaker's art yet ultimately dependent upon the primary standard of length. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1165 EP 1169 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00272 ER PT S AU Janezic, MD Williams, DF AF Janezic, MD Williams, DF BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Permittivity characterization from transmission-line measurement SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB We analyze three accurate broadband techniques for measuring the complex permittivity of dielectric substrates using coplanar waveguide transmission-line measurements and demonstrate good agreement with single-frequency cavity measurements. RP Janezic, MD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1343 EP 1346 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00314 ER PT S AU Williams, DF AF Williams, DF BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Embedded multiconductor transmission line characterization SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB This paper presents a measurement method that characterizes lossy printed multiconductor transmission lines embedded in transitions, connectors, or packages with significant electrical parasitics, We test the method on a pair of lossy coupled asymmetric microstrip lines and compare to previous results. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1773 EP 1776 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00418 ER PT B AU Renken, MC Kim, S Hollman, KW Fortunko, CM AF Renken, MC Kim, S Hollman, KW Fortunko, CM BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Accuracy of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy: An experimental study SO 1997 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 05-08, 1997 CL TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR, TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc HO TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR AB We use Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) to routinely determine elastic-stiffness coefficients. To establish the uncertainty of RUS, we determined the longitudinal wave velocity in a cylinder (25.6 mm x 25.4 mm diam.) of fused silica using three different ultrasonic, time-of-flight measurement geometries and four different signal-analysis techniques. We carried out these measurements from 1 MHz to 20 MHz with usable bandwidths of at least 80% of the center frequency. Also, our short-pulse analyses diffraction, temperature shape. From these measurements we determined the "true" velocity to be 5932.3 m/s +/-0.13% with a 95% confidence interval. We used the RUS technique on the same specimen, operating from 60 kHz to 300 KHz. The RUS result is 5934.5 m/s, which differs from this "true" velocity by 0.04%. Our study shows that the RUS technique has an accuracy that is at least comparable to our best laboratory time-of-flight methods. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Renken, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4153-8 PY 1997 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK64T UT WOS:000072927100100 ER PT B AU Igarashi, B Alers, GA Purtscher, PT AF Igarashi, B Alers, GA Purtscher, PT BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI An ultrasonic measurement of magnetostriction SO 1997 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 05-08, 1997 CL TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR, TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc HO TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR AB The amplitudes of shear horizontal plate waves generated by EMATs (electromagnetic acoustic transducers) are measured to obtain estimates of the magnetostriction of a steel specimen. The wave amplitude is linked to magnetostriction through an existing model that is modified in the present work to extend its applicability to a broader range of magnetic fields. Measurements with intermediate levels of EMAT currents yield estimates that best agree with strain-gage measurements of the magnetostriction. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Igarashi, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4153-8 PY 1997 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK64T UT WOS:000072927100148 ER PT B AU Fiscus, JG AF Fiscus, JG BE Furui, S Juang, BH Chou, W TI A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: Recognizer output voting error reduction (ROVER) SO 1997 IEEE WORKSHOP ON AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION AND UNDERSTANDING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (ASRU-97) CY DEC 14-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper describes a system developed at NIST to produce a composite Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system output when the outputs: of multiple ASR systems are available, and for which, in many cases, the composite ASR output has lower error rate than any of the individual systems. The system implements a "voting" or rescoring process to reconcile differences in ASR system outputs. We refer to this system as the NIST Recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (ROVER) system. As additional knowledge sources are added to an ASR system, (e.g., acoustic and language models), error rates are typically decreased. This paper describes a post-recognition process which models the output generated by multiple ASR systems as independent knowledge sources that can be combined and used to generate an output with reduced error rate, To accomplish this, the outputs of multiple of ASR systems are combined into a single, minimal cost word transition network (WTN) via iterative applications of dynamic programming (DP) alignments. The resulting network is searched by an automatic rescoring or "voting" process that selects an output sequence with the lowest score. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fiscus, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3698-4 PY 1997 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1109/ASRU.1997.659110 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK63F UT WOS:000072817000044 ER PT B AU Lehr, B Simecek-Beatty, D Payton, D Galt, J Watabayashi, G Martin, RD Solis, R AF Lehr, B Simecek-Beatty, D Payton, D Galt, J Watabayashi, G Martin, RD Solis, R GP API TI Trajectory prediction for barge Buffalo 292 spill SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB The oil spill trajectory prediction for the barge Buffalo 292 spill was provided by NO/AA and TGLO. The bulk of the 5000 barrels of IFO 380 that was leaked moved rapidly through the Galveston Channel entrance and into the Gulf of Mexico as a result of a strong meteorological event. Because of the nature of the product, it was possible to track the resulting slicks for more than 3 weeks. Initially, the oil trailed east away from shore. Changing winds and currents moved the oil south and west, leading to sporadic impacts along the shore from east of Galveston to south of Corpus Christi. Trajectory forecasts were used to alert response personnel of impending beach impacts and to direct offshore skimming operations. Real-time current and wind meters, oil-tracking drifters, visual over flights, and remote-sensing observations provided an unusual amount of calibrating data for trajectory forecasting. This fact, along with detailed analysis assisted by computer models, allowed for a surprisingly high degree of accuracy in trajectory prediction in spite of complex current and wind patterns and changing wind drift factors for the product as it weathered In this paper, these favorable results are compared with results of an earlier spill in the region where fewer resources were available for trajectory analysis. C1 NOAA, Modeling & Simulat Studies Branch, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lehr, B (reprint author), NOAA, Modeling & Simulat Studies Branch, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400005 ER PT B AU McGrattan, KB Walton, WD Evans, DD AF McGrattan, KB Walton, WD Evans, DD GP API TI Smoke plumes from in-situ burning of crude oil SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB Several regions in the United States have begun the process of obtaining preapproval to use in-situ burning as a remediation method for oil spills. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the sponsorship of the Minerals Management Service has conducted a research program to study various aspects of this problem. One result of this program has been the development of a numerical model to predict the downwind concentration of smoke particulate and other combustion products from a large oil fire. To assess the accuracy of this model, data from three sets of experimental burns have been compared to model simulations run under similar meteorological conditions. The tests are (1) the Newfoundland Offshore Burn Experiment (NOBE), August 1993; (2) the Alaska Clean Seas Burning of Emulsions, September 1994; and (3) the U.S. Coast Guard/NIST Meso-scale Burn Series, October 1994. The model compared favorably with the experiments, increasing the confidence in numerical modeling as a tool to develop guidelines on safe distances from in-situ burns. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGrattan, KB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400021 ER PT B AU Mearns, AJ Venosa, AD Lee, K Salazar, M AF Mearns, AJ Venosa, AD Lee, K Salazar, M GP API TI Field-testing bioremediation treating agents: Lessons from an experimental shoreline oil spill SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB A 14-week, large-scale field study in Delaware demonstrated that, on a moderately exposed sandy beach, nutrients, not oil-degrading microorganisms, were the primary factors limiting biodegradation. The results are reviewed in the context of lessons and guidelines for a full-scale bioremediation response. C1 NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 707 EP 712 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400108 ER PT B AU Csulak, F Manen, CA Meade, N Helton, D Matera, M AF Csulak, F Manen, CA Meade, N Helton, D Matera, M GP API TI North Cape oil spill NRDA process under OPA 1990 SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB On January 19, 1996, the tank barge North Cape and the tug Scandia grounded on Moonstone Beach in southern Rhode Island, spilling 828,000 gallons of no. 2 heating oil into Block Island Sound. Just 2,reeks prior to the grounding, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had published the final natural resource damage assessment(NRDA) rule for the Oil Pollution Act of 1990(OPA). The North Cape oil spill became the first opportunity to implement the new NRDA rules. One of the key provisions of the NRDA rule is the requirement that trustees must invite the responsible parties (RP) to participate in a cooperative assessment of damages. If the trustees and the RP can agree to perform the initial phases of an assessment cooperatively: the chances of achieving a fair settlement and avoiding protracted litigation are expected to be enhanced. The cooperative approach should also reduce overall transaction costs, facilitate settlement, and result in a more rapid implementation of restoration projects. This paper presents an overview of the cooperative natural resource damage assessment process being undertaken by the trustees and the RPs following the North Cape oil spill and highlights some of the lessons learned ill conducting a cooperative assessment. C1 NOAA, Damage Assessment Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Csulak, F (reprint author), NOAA, Damage Assessment Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 McGruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400134 ER PT B AU Simecek-Beatty, DA Lehr, WJ Johnson, WR Price, JM AF Simecek-Beatty, DA Lehr, WJ Johnson, WR Price, JM GP API TI Barge Buffalo 292: Observations of satellite-tracked surface drifters SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB As part of a joint program to use satellite-tracked drifters at accidental oil spills, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration deployed three drifters supplied by the Minerals Management Service during the barge Buffalo 292 spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The deployments complemented visual observations of the oil spill and provided data for calibrating the on-scene spill model. The data-rich environment of this particular spill response made it possible to calculate the vector correlation between the drifters and a hindcast of the oil movement and to estimate the wind-drift factors for the oil-tracking drifters. C1 NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Simecek-Beatty, DA (reprint author), NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 916 EP 919 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400151 ER PT B AU Lehr, W Overstreet, R Jones, R Eclipse, L Simecek-Beatty, D AF Lehr, W Overstreet, R Jones, R Eclipse, L Simecek-Beatty, D GP API TI The next generation in oil weathering modeling SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB Through a project jointly funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), the Hazardous Material Response and Assessment Division of NOAA (NOAA/HAZMAT) has del eloped the next generation of the widely used oil weathering model, ADIOS. The algorithms for spreading, emulsification, dispersion, and evaporation have been modified to accommodate new research results. Also, the new version contains a source strength module that estimates leak rates from damaged vessels and new user inputs that allow decisions on the application of standard cleanup strategies such as skimming, burning, and chemical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis is used to identify the relative importance of input parameters and to estimate the reliability of model output results in terms of expected input uncertainty. C1 NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response & Assessment Div, Seattle, WA 98015 USA. RP Lehr, W (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response & Assessment Div, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 986 EP 987 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400188 ER PT B AU Yender, R AF Yender, R GP API TI Recovery of rockweed following experimental removal SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB Recovery following experimental removal of rockweed along rocky shorelines was monitored at five study sites in Washington and Alaska. Rockweed plants were cleared from experimental plots using methods that simulate cleanup techniques applied to rocky shorelines that have been affected by oil spills. Three treatments were evaluated: removal of rockweed only, complete removal of rockweed and all other biota, and an undisturbed control. One gear after treatment, results indicate that the percent cover of rockweed remained lower at treated plots compared to control plots, and was lowest where all biota had been totally cleared. C1 NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response & Assessment Div, Biol Assessment Team, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yender, R (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response & Assessment Div, Biol Assessment Team, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 1009 EP 1010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400201 ER PT B AU Ooyama, KV AF Ooyama, KV GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Footnotes to ''conceptual evolution'' SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Ooyama, KV (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00003 ER PT J AU Zehr, RM AF Zehr, RM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Analysis of tropical cyclones - More quantitative and more thorough techniques SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Zehr, RM (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,COOPERAT INST RES ATMOSPHERE,NOAA,W LAPORTE AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00005 ER PT J AU Hartten, LM Gutzler, DS AF Hartten, LM Gutzler, DS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Variability of large-scale divergence during the COARE IOP SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,AERON LAB,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00013 ER PT J AU Murillo, ST Houston, SH Powell, MD AF Murillo, ST Houston, SH Powell, MD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Composites of surface marine observations for hurricanes during 1975-1996 SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Murillo, ST (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 78 EP 79 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00032 ER PT B AU Strong, AE Valdivia, J AF Strong, AE Valdivia, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sea surface temperature and the 1995 hurricane season SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Strong, AE (reprint author), USN ACAD,NOAA,DEPT OCEANOG,NESDIS,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00035 ER PT J AU Powell, MD Houston, SH AF Powell, MD Houston, SH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface wind fields of 1995 Hurricanes Erin, Opal, Luis, Marilyn, and Roxanne at landfall SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Powell, MD (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CSWY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00038 ER PT J AU Houston, SH Powell, MD Dodge, PP AF Houston, SH Powell, MD Dodge, PP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface wind fields in 1996 Hurricanes Bertha and Fran at landfall SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Houston, SH (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 92 EP 93 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00039 ER PT J AU Willoughby, HE AF Willoughby, HE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI More about hurricane eye thermodynamics SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Willoughby, HE (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00041 ER PT J AU Black, ML Burpee, RW Marks, FD AF Black, ML Burpee, RW Marks, FD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The asymmetric distribution of vertical motions and precipitation in the hurricane eyewall SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Black, ML (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00043 ER PT J AU Marks, FD Dodge, PP AF Marks, FD Dodge, PP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Hurricane concentric eyewall characteristics as revealed by airborne Doppler radar analyses SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Marks, FD (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00044 ER PT B AU Stewart, SR Simpson, J Wolff, D AF Stewart, SR Simpson, J Wolff, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Convectively-induced mesocyclonic vortices in the eyewall of tropical cyclones as seen by WSR-88D Doppler radars SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Stewart, SR (reprint author), NEXRAD,OSF,3200 MARSHALL AVE,NORMAN,OK 73072, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 106 EP 108 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00046 ER PT B AU Bennett, SP AF Bennett, SP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An overview of Hurricane Hortense and its aftermath SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Bennett, SP (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,4000 RD 190,CAROLINA,PR 00979, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00047 ER PT B AU Wright, JE Bennett, SP AF Wright, JE Bennett, SP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WSR-88D observations of bow echoes in outer rainbands of Hurricane Bertha SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Wright, JE (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,4000 RD 190,CAROLINA,PR 00979, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00048 ER PT J AU Dodge, P Houston, S Gamache, J AF Dodge, P Houston, S Gamache, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Three-dimensional windfields in Hurricane Fran (1996) at landfall SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Dodge, P (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00049 ER PT J AU Parrish, JR Black, ML AF Parrish, JR Black, ML GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The NOAA G-IV and the tropical cyclone environment SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Parrish, JR (reprint author), NOAA,AOC,POB 6829,MACDILL AFB,FL 33608, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00053 ER PT B AU Samsury, CE Black, ML Dodge, PP Orville, RE AF Samsury, CE Black, ML Dodge, PP Orville, RE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Utilization of airborne and NEXRAD data in the analysis of cloud-to-ground lightning in 1995 and 1996 tropical cyclones SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Samsury, CE (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012 OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00054 ER PT J AU Ellrod, GP Gray, DG AF Ellrod, GP Gray, DG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Storm-relative streamlines and other fields derived from GOES high density wind sets SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Ellrod, GP (reprint author), NOAA,SCI CTR,OFF RES & APPLICAT,NESDIS,ROOM 601,ER A2,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00058 ER PT J AU Franklin, JL Cole, HL Hock, TF Lauritsen, DK Norris, KD Chamberlain, EF AF Franklin, JL Cole, HL Hock, TF Lauritsen, DK Norris, KD Chamberlain, EF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI GPS dropwindsondes and the NOAA G-IV jet aircraft: New opportunities for forecasting and research SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Franklin, JL (reprint author), NOAA,HRD,AOML,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00059 ER PT J AU Serke, DJ McGuirk, JP AF Serke, DJ McGuirk, JP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Multiple ITCZs in SSM/I and SSM/T-2 SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Serke, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,NGDC,325 BROADWAY,E-GC2,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00083 ER PT J AU Rajopadhyaya, DK May, PT AF Rajopadhyaya, DK May, PT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Vertical velocity statistics and correlation structures in active convection over Darwin, Australia SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Rajopadhyaya, DK (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 186 EP 187 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00086 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Gage, KS Ecklund, WL AF Williams, CR Gage, KS Ecklund, WL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Diurnal variation of precipitation deduced by profilers during TOGA COARE IOP SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA,CIRES,AERON LAB,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 207 EP 208 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00097 ER PT J AU Kiladis, GN Matthews, A AF Kiladis, GN Matthews, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Observations of Rossby waves linked to convection over the eastern tropical Pacific SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00105 ER PT B AU Matthews, AJ Kiladis, GN AF Matthews, AJ Kiladis, GN GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Modulation of wave activity and deep convection in the Pacific ITCZ by the Madden-Julian oscillation SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Matthews, AJ (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Matthews, Adrian/A-6444-2011 OI Matthews, Adrian/0000-0003-0492-1168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 225 EP 226 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00106 ER PT J AU Kessler, WS Hendon, HH Zhang, CD AF Kessler, WS Hendon, HH Zhang, CD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Joint intraseasonal oscillation of the atmosphere and ocean in the tropics .1. SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP Kessler, WS (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MPO,4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00138 ER PT B AU Wheeler, M AF Wheeler, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Tropospheric equatorial Rossby and mixed Rossby-gravity waves: Observations during TOGA COARE SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Wheeler, M (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,25 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011 OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00143 ER PT J AU Aberson, S AF Aberson, S GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Adaptive observations in a hurricane environment SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Aberson, S (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00147 ER PT J AU Tuleya, RE AF Tuleya, RE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Extended range prediction and simulation of Atlantic hurricanes using the GFDL model SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Tuleya, RE (reprint author), NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,BOX 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00149 ER PT B AU Ecklund, WL Williams, CR Johnston, PE Gage, KS AF Ecklund, WL Williams, CR Johnston, PE Gage, KS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Profiler observations of deep convective clouds in MCTEX SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Ecklund, WL (reprint author), NOAA,CIRES,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 343 EP 344 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00164 ER PT B AU Kaplan, J Landsea, CW DeMaria, M AF Kaplan, J Landsea, CW DeMaria, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The differing roles of the large-scale environment in the intensity changes of three 1996 Atlantic hurricanes SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00172 ER PT J AU Hebert, PJ McAdie, CJ AF Hebert, PJ McAdie, CJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Tropical cyclone intensity climatology of the North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Hebert, PJ (reprint author), NWSFO,NWS,NOAA,11691 SW 17TH ST,MIAMI,FL 33165, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 399 EP 400 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00192 ER PT J AU Black, RA AF Black, RA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Giant raindrops observed from large aircraft SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Black, RA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,R-E-AO1,43O1 RICKENBACKER CSWY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 494 EP 495 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00240 ER PT B AU Rosenlof, KH Tuck, AF AF Rosenlof, KH Tuck, AF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Evidence for tropical-middle latitude mass transport associated with a tropical storm SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Rosenlof, KH (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,R-E-AL6,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 497 EP 498 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00242 ER PT J AU Gage, KS Kiladis, GN Hartten, LM Williams, CR AF Gage, KS Kiladis, GN Hartten, LM Williams, CR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A ten-year climatology of meridional winds over the central equatorial Pacific utilizing the Christmas Island wind profiler: Annual cycle and vertical structure SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 501 EP 502 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00244 ER PT B AU Johnston, PE Avery, SK Balsley, BB Carter, DA Gage, KS AF Johnston, PE Avery, SK Balsley, BB Carter, DA Gage, KS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A trans-Pacific profiler network for tropical dynamics and climate research SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 503 EP 504 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00245 ER PT J AU Landsea, CW Bell, GD Gray, WM Goldenberg, SB AF Landsea, CW Bell, GD Gray, WM Goldenberg, SB GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The hyperactive 1995 Atlantic hurricane season: A juxtaposition of favorable conditions SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00246 ER PT J AU Goldenberg, SB Shapiro, LJ Landsea, CW AF Goldenberg, SB Shapiro, LJ Landsea, CW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Mounting evidence for a decadal-scale upturn in Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Goldenberg, SB (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 507 EP 508 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00247 ER PT J AU Ooyama, KV AF Ooyama, KV GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The semi-implicit integration of a nested spectral model and the result of tests in squall-line simulation SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Ooyama, KV (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00259 ER PT J AU Kurihara, Y Bender, MA Tuleya, RE AF Kurihara, Y Bender, MA Tuleya, RE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI For hurricane intensity forecast: Formulation of a new initialization method for the GFDL hurricane prediction SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Kurihara, Y (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GFDL,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00265 ER PT B AU Horsfall, F DeMaria, M Gross, JM AF Horsfall, F DeMaria, M Gross, JM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Optimal use of large-scale boundary and initial fields for limited-area hurricane forecast models SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Horsfall, F (reprint author), NATL HURRICANE CTR,TROP PREDICT CTR,11691 SW 17TH ST,MIAMI,FL 33165, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00278 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Willoughby, H AF Jones, RW Willoughby, H GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sensitivity of a spectral shallow-water barotropic vortex to variations of domain size and spectral truncation SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Jones, RW (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,AOML,HURRICANE RES DIV,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 577 EP 578 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00281 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Stern, WF Vitart, F AF Anderson, JL Stern, WF Vitart, F GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Simulation of interannual variability of tropical storm frequency in an ensemble of GCM integrations SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GFDL,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00282 ER PT J AU Vitart, F Anderson, JL Stern, WF AF Vitart, F Anderson, JL Stern, WF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Impact of large scale circulation on tropical storm frequency simulated in an ensemble of GCM integrations SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Vitart, F (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GFDL,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 581 EP 582 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00283 ER PT J AU Knutson, T Tuleya, R Kurihara, Y AF Knutson, T Tuleya, R Kurihara, Y GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Exploring the sensitivity of hurricane intensity to CO2-induced global warming using the GFDL hurricane prediction system SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Knutson, T (reprint author), NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 587 EP 588 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00286 ER PT J AU Bender, MA Wu, CC Rennick, MA Kurihara, Y AF Bender, MA Wu, CC Rennick, MA Kurihara, Y GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Comparison of the GFDL hurricane model prediction in the western Pacific using the NOGAPS and AVN global analysis SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Bender, MA (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GFDL,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 615 EP 616 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00298 ER PT B AU Cline, JW AF Cline, JW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface-based wind and pressure fields in Hurricane Fran over North Carolina SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Cline, JW (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,1995 CAPABIL DR,NCSU CENTENNIAL CAMPUS,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 643 EP 644 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00312 ER PT B AU Neuherz, RA Xie, L Pietrafesa, LJ Keeter, K AF Neuherz, RA Xie, L Pietrafesa, LJ Keeter, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Forecasting storm surge in the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds induced by hurricanes during the 1996 hurricane season SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Neuherz, RA (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,RALEIGH,NC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00315 ER PT J AU Anthony, RW Matheson, T Hawkins, DR AF Anthony, RW Matheson, T Hawkins, DR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Operational experiences with hurricanes at a modernized coastal National Weather Service office SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Anthony, RW (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,NOAA,2015 GARDNER DR,WILMINGTON,NC 28405, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 655 EP 656 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00318 ER PT B AU Stuart, NA Cobb, HD AF Stuart, NA Cobb, HD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An assessment of the performance of the WSR-88D mesocyclone detection algorithm during Tropical Storm Bertha - 12-13 July 1996 SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,10009 GEN MAHONE HWY,WAKEFIELD,VA 23888, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 672 EP 674 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00327 ER PT B AU Hodanish, S Spratt, S Sharp, D AF Hodanish, S Spratt, S Sharp, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WSR-88D characteristics of tornado producing convective cells associated with tropical cyclones SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Hodanish, S (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,421 CROTON RD,MELBOURNE,FL 32935, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 675 EP 676 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00328 ER PT J AU Willis, P Dodge, P Marks, F Smith, D Churchill, D AF Willis, P Dodge, P Marks, F Smith, D Churchill, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Evaluation of the accuracy of NEXRAD radar rainfall estimates in tropical summer convective rainfall over the Everglades Florida Bay SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Willis, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,NOAA,CIMAS,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CSWY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 679 EP 680 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00330 ER PT B AU Askelson, MA Straka, JM Zrnic, DS AF Askelson, MA Straka, JM Zrnic, DS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A study of the kinematic and microphysical evolution of a supercell from first echo using polarization diversity radar SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Askelson, MA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Sch Meteorol, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800004 ER PT B AU Ryzhkov, AV Zrnic, DS AF Ryzhkov, AV Zrnic, DS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Polarimetric radar discrimination between snow and rain SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800009 ER PT B AU Saffle, RE Johnson, LD AF Saffle, RE Johnson, LD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Multiagency overview of the NEXRAD system development SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Off Syst Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saffle, RE (reprint author), 1325 E West Highway,SSMC2,Room 12152, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800020 ER PT B AU van de Kamp, DW AF van de Kamp, DW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The improvement of RASS height coverage by using acoustic sources located upwind of a 404MHz NOAA profiler network site SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP van de Kamp, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Forecast Syst Lab, R-E-FS3 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800036 ER PT B AU Lopez, RE Ryzhkov, A Zrnic, D AF Lopez, RE Ryzhkov, A Zrnic, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Comparison of rainfall estimates using specific differential phase (Kdp) with rain gauges at up to 180 km range SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lopez, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800058 ER PT B AU van de Kamp, DW Ralph, FM Barth, MF Miller, PA Smart, JR Benjamin, LA AF van de Kamp, DW Ralph, FM Barth, MF Miller, PA Smart, JR Benjamin, LA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The new bird contamination quality control check applied to hourly winds from NOAA's profiler network SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, R E FS3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP van de Kamp, DW (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, R E FS3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800064 ER PT B AU Ecklund, WL Williams, CR Johnston, PE Gage, KS AF Ecklund, WL Williams, CR Johnston, PE Gage, KS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI UHF and S-band profiler observations of deep convective clouds in MCTEX SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, R E AL3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ecklund, WL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, R E AL3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800065 ER PT B AU Williams, CR Ecklund, WL Johnston, PE Gage, KS AF Williams, CR Ecklund, WL Johnston, PE Gage, KS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Identification of Rayleigh and Bragg scattering using collocated uhf and S-band profilers SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, CIRES, R E AL3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, CIRES, R E AL3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800067 ER PT B AU Gage, KS Williams, CR Johnston, PE Ecklund, WL AF Gage, KS Williams, CR Johnston, PE Ecklund, WL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Unambiguous refractivity turbulence measurements using UHF and S-band profilers SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, R E AL3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R E AL3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800068 ER PT B AU Campbell, WC Gibson, JS AF Campbell, WC Gibson, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A programmable real-time data processing and display system for the NOAA/ETL Doppler radars SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Campbell, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, M-S R-E-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 178 EP 179 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800086 ER PT B AU Kitzmiller, DH Sun, JY AF Kitzmiller, DH Sun, JY GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Probabilistic 0-3 hour rainfall forecasts from a radar extrapolative-statistical technique SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Off Syst Dev, Tech Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kitzmiller, DH (reprint author), W-OSD24,1325 E West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 216 EP 217 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800105 ER PT B AU Hondl, KD AF Hondl, KD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Warning decision support system: The next generation WDSS SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hondl, KD (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 226 EP 227 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800110 ER PT B AU Wilfong, TL Weber, BL Wuertz, DB Merritt, DA AF Wilfong, TL Weber, BL Wuertz, DB Merritt, DA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Wind profilers: Next generation signal processing SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET4, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wilfong, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET4, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 242 EP 243 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800118 ER PT B AU Merritt, DA Wilfong, TL Francavilla, AJ Wuertz, DB Simon, MK Weber, BL AF Merritt, DA Wilfong, TL Francavilla, AJ Wuertz, DB Simon, MK Weber, BL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Application of the prototype control, acquisition and signal processing engine for radar (CASPER) to wind profilers and RASS SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET4, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Merritt, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET4, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800119 ER PT B AU Sachidananda, M Zrnic, DS AF Sachidananda, M Zrnic, DS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Phase coding for the resolution of range ambiguities in Doppler weather radar SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Sachidananda, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800120 ER PT B AU Crum, T Kelleher, K AF Crum, T Kelleher, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Real-time distribution of WSR-88D base data, present and future SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Operat Support Facil, DOC, NOAA, NWS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Crum, T (reprint author), Operat Support Facil, DOC, NOAA, NWS, WSR-88D,3200 Marshall Ave, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RI Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 282 EP 283 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800138 ER PT B AU Zahrai, A Zrnic, D AF Zahrai, A Zrnic, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Implementation of polarimetric capability for the WSR-88D (NEXRAD) radar SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zahrai, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800139 ER PT B AU Moran, KP Martner, BE Welsh, DC Merritt, DA Post, MJ Uttal, T Strauch, RG AF Moran, KP Martner, BE Welsh, DC Merritt, DA Post, MJ Uttal, T Strauch, RG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ARM's cloud-profiling radar SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moran, KP (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 296 EP 297 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800144 ER PT B AU Wood, VT AF Wood, VT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Retrieval of mesocyclone diameter and peak rotational velocity from range-degraded Doppler velocity signatures SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800148 ER PT B AU Davies-Jones, R Stumpf, GJ AF Davies-Jones, R Stumpf, GJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI On the detection and measurement of circulation and areal expansion rate with WSR-88D radars SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800149 ER PT B AU Conway, JW Hondl, KD Eilts, MD AF Conway, JW Hondl, KD Eilts, MD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Minimizing the Doppler dilemma using a unique redundant scanning strategy and multiple pulse repetition frequency dealiasing algorithm SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Conway, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800150 ER PT B AU Roberts, WF Liang, QF Albers, SC MacDonald, AE AF Roberts, WF Liang, QF Albers, SC MacDonald, AE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Implementation of a small regional radar volume from the WSR-88D Doppler radar network SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, FSL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Roberts, WF (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, FSL, R-E-FS6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 320 EP 321 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800152 ER PT B AU Jain, MH AF Jain, MH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Software architecture of the NEXRAD open systems radar product generator (ORPG) SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Jain, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800160 ER PT B AU Elvander, R Laufer, T Thomas, A AF Elvander, R Laufer, T Thomas, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The NEXRAD system development SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Elvander, R (reprint author), NOAA, OM22,SSMC2,Room 13112,1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 340 EP 342 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800161 ER PT B AU Laufer, T Thomas, A AF Laufer, T Thomas, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The NEXRAD system implementation SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Joint Syst Acquisit Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Laufer, T (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Syst Acquisit Off, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 343 EP 344 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800162 ER PT B AU Lee, RR AF Lee, RR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Regional adaptation of NEXRAD mesocyclone and TVS algorithms SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Work is now underway at the Operational Support Facility (OSF) and at many National Weather Service (NWS) field sites to fine-tune default adaptable parameters and to optimize algorithm performance for diverse climatological and local environmental conditions. The OSF has provided recommendations to NWS field sites for modifying adaptable parameters in two algorithms, Mesocyclone (1995) and TVS (1996). Tuning and optimizing capabilities are especially important for sites not in Great Plains environments. C1 Operat Support Facil, NEXRAD, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lee, RR (reprint author), Operat Support Facil, NEXRAD, 1200 Westheimer Dr,WSR-88D, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 347 EP 348 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800164 ER PT B AU Mitchell, ED AF Mitchell, ED GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A performance evaluation and comparison of the NSSL tornado detection algorithm and the WSR-88D tornadic vortex signature algorithm SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Mitchell, ED (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 351 EP 352 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800166 ER PT B AU Stumpf, GJ Marzban, C Mitchell, ED Spencer, PL Witt, A AF Stumpf, GJ Marzban, C Mitchell, ED Spencer, PL Witt, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Evaluation of the NSSL mesocyclone detection algorithm for the WSR-88D SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Stumpf, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800167 ER PT B AU Margraf, JM Tipton, GA Howieson, ED AF Margraf, JM Tipton, GA Howieson, ED GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Optimizing the WSR-88D MESO/TVS algorithm using WATADS - A case study SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RP Margraf, JM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 1733 Lake Dr W, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800168 ER PT B AU Stuart, NA Cobb, HD Stumpf, GJ AF Stuart, NA Cobb, HD Stumpf, GJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A comparison of the storm-scale vortex detection capability, between the WSR-88D mesocyclone detection algorithm and the National Severe Storms Laboratory mesocyclone detection algorithm during Tropical Storm Bertha SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Wakefield, VA 23888 USA. RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 10009 Gen Mahone HWY, Wakefield, VA 23888 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 361 EP 363 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800171 ER PT B AU Andra, DL AF Andra, DL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The origin and evolution of the WSR-88D mesocyclone recognition nomogram SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Andra, DL (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 1200 Westheimer Dr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 364 EP 365 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800172 ER PT B AU Lakshmanan, V Witt, A AF Lakshmanan, V Witt, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Automatic detection of Bounded Weak Echo Regions SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 366 EP 367 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800173 ER PT B AU Wyatt, A Witt, A AF Wyatt, A Witt, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The effect of population density on ground-truth verification of reports used to score a hail detection algorithm SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wyatt, A (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 368 EP 369 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800174 ER PT B AU Turner, RJ Gonsowski, DM AF Turner, RJ Gonsowski, DM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A review of VIL density performance at NWSO Goodland, Kansas SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Off, Goodland, KS 67735 USA. RP Turner, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Off, 920 Armory Rd, Goodland, KS 67735 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800175 ER PT B AU Smith, TM Eilts, MD AF Smith, TM Eilts, MD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Prediction and detection of damaging downburst events with the WSR-88D SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 376 EP 377 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800178 ER PT B AU Brown, RA AF Brown, RA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Technique for retrieving peak Doppler velocities associated with WSR-88D tornadic vortex signatures SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 398 EP 399 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800189 ER PT B AU Eilts, MD AF Eilts, MD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Overview of the Warning Decision Support System SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Eilts, MD (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 402 EP 403 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800191 ER PT B AU Lynn, RJ Johnson, JT Eilts, M AF Lynn, RJ Johnson, JT Eilts, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Performance of the National Severe Storms Laboratory Warning Decision Support System: Three case studies from Sterling, VA SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lynn, RJ (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 404 EP 405 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800192 ER PT B AU Gamache, JF AF Gamache, JF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Evaluation of a fully three-dimensional variational Doppler analysis technique SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Gamache, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 422 EP 423 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800201 ER PT B AU MacKeen, P Brooks, H Elmore, K AF MacKeen, P Brooks, H Elmore, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The merit of severe and non-severe thunderstorm parameters in forecasts of thunderstorm longevity SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP MacKeen, P (reprint author), 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 424 EP 425 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800202 ER PT B AU Sharp, DW AF Sharp, DW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An early assessment of the Warning Decision Support System in potential support of the nation's space program SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Appl Meteorol Unit, Melbourne, FL 32935 USA. RP Sharp, DW (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Appl Meteorol Unit, 421 Croton Rd, Melbourne, FL 32935 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 426 EP 427 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800203 ER PT B AU Johnson, JT Priegnitz, D Witt, A Wyatt, A Hondl, K AF Johnson, JT Priegnitz, D Witt, A Wyatt, A Hondl, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The National Severe Storm Laboratory's warning decision support system: Field testing and planning for AWIPS SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Johnson, JT (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 428 EP 429 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800204 ER PT B AU Reinking, RF Snider, JB Orr, BW AF Reinking, RF Snider, JB Orr, BW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Liquid water flux in flash-flood-generating orographic gravity waves SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET6, ERL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reinking, RF (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET6, ERL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 446 EP 447 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800213 ER PT B AU Green, GD Haro, JA Mitchell, ED AF Green, GD Haro, JA Mitchell, ED GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Interaction between two extremely small mini-supercells: The 13 February 1995 east Mesa tornado SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. RP Green, GD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, PAB 500,POB 52025, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 457 EP 458 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800219 ER PT B AU Pfost, RL Pence, KJ Conway, JW AF Pfost, RL Pence, KJ Conway, JW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Rear flank downdraft boundary induced tornadoes in Mississippi and Alabama SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. RP Pfost, RL (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 234 Weather Serv Dr, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 459 EP 460 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800220 ER PT B AU Piltz, SF Hrebenach, SD AF Piltz, SF Hrebenach, SD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A radar interpretation of the Fort Smith Van Buren, Arkansas, tornado of 21 April 1996 SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. RP Piltz, SF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 10159 E 11th St,Suite 300, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800221 ER PT B AU Sabones, ME Mitchell, ED AF Sabones, ME Mitchell, ED GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The 19 April 1996 central Indiana severe tornadic event SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. RP Sabones, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 6900 W Hanna Ave, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800222 ER PT B AU Watson, AI Goree, RC Fries, JA Mollere, GJ AF Watson, AI Goree, RC Fries, JA Mollere, GJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Tornadic thunderstorms as seen by several WSR-88Ds: Contrasting perspectives SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Watson, AI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 3300 Capital Circle SW, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800223 ER PT B AU McMichael, JC Collins, WG AF McMichael, JC Collins, WG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Environmental and WSR-88D analysis of the March 30, 1996 severe hail event over west central Florida SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWSO, Ruskin, FL 33573 USA. RP McMichael, JC (reprint author), NOAA, NWSO, Tampa Bay Area, Ruskin, FL 33573 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800225 ER PT B AU Rydell, NN Kloesel, KA AF Rydell, NN Kloesel, KA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Fluctuations in squall line intensity and coherence in the vicinity of the Balcones escarpment in central Texas SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. RP Rydell, NN (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2090 Airport Rd, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800237 ER PT B AU Witt, A AF Witt, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Variations in algorithm output for the same storm viewed by different WSR-88Ds SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Witt, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 497 EP 498 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800239 ER PT B AU Pratte, F Ecoff, D VanAndel, J Keeler, RJ AF Pratte, F Ecoff, D VanAndel, J Keeler, RJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI AP clutter mitigation in the WSR-88D SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, FSL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Keeler, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ATD, RSF, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800242 ER PT B AU Gordon, BA Burgess, DW Rabin, R AF Gordon, BA Burgess, DW Rabin, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Pre-storm environments as determined from the national network of WSR-88D's, 404 MHz profilers, and GOES satellite sounder data SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NWS, OSF, OTB, FIRSTT, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gordon, BA (reprint author), NWS, OSF, OTB, FIRSTT, 3200 Marshall Ave,Suite 202, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800244 ER PT B AU Ralph, FM Archer, S Neiman, PJ Durkee, K AF Ralph, FM Archer, S Neiman, PJ Durkee, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Observations of an undular bore: Evolution from an intrusive density current SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 514 EP 515 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800247 ER PT B AU White, A Hare, J Williams, C Ecklund, W Hartten, L Long, C Fairall, C Post, M Johnston, P Gage, K AF White, A Hare, J Williams, C Ecklund, W Hartten, L Long, C Fairall, C Post, M Johnston, P Gage, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A comparison of winds and clouds observed from a ship and an island SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ERL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci,ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP White, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, ERL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci,ETL, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 518 EP 519 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800249 ER PT B AU Klimowski, BA Hjelmfelt, MR AF Klimowski, BA Hjelmfelt, MR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WSR-88D analyses of an extreme HP supercell event over the northern high plains SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NWS, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Klimowski, BA (reprint author), NWS, 300 E Signal Dr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 547 EP 548 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800263 ER PT B AU Kaufmann, P White, AB AF Kaufmann, P White, AB GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Defection of wintertime inversion heights using reflectivity data of boundary-layer radar wind profilers SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Colorado, ERL, ETL, NOAA,Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kaufmann, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ERL, ETL, NOAA,Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, R-E-ET7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800268 ER PT B AU Haro, JA Green, GD AF Haro, JA Green, GD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Some radar aspects of the southern Arizona severe weather outbreak of 14 August 1996 SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. RP Haro, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, PAB 500,POB 52025, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800275 ER PT B AU Dodge, P Houston, S Gamache, J AF Dodge, P Houston, S Gamache, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Windfields in Hurricane Fran (1996) at landfall from combined WSR-88D and airborne Doppler radar data SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dodge, P (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 575 EP 576 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800277 ER PT B AU Black, ML Gamache, JF Willoughby, HE Samsury, CE Marks, FD Burpee, RW AF Black, ML Gamache, JF Willoughby, HE Samsury, CE Marks, FD Burpee, RW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Airborne radar observations of shear-induced asymmetries in the convective structure of Hurricane Olivia (1994) SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Black, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 577 EP 578 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800278 ER PT B AU Wright, JE Bennett, SP AF Wright, JE Bennett, SP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Meso-vortices observed by WSR-88D in the eye of Hurricane Bertha SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Carolina, PR 00979 USA. RP Wright, JE (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 4000 Rd 190, Carolina, PR 00979 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 579 EP 581 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800279 ER PT B AU Schen, MA Wu, WL Wallace, WE BeckTan, N VanderHart, D Davis, GT AF Schen, MA Wu, WL Wallace, WE BeckTan, N VanderHart, D Davis, GT GP INT MICROELECTR & PACKAGING SOC TI Molecular insights on interfacial properties and moisture uptake of plastic packaging materials SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS - PROCESSES, PROPERTIES, AND INTERFACES - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials - Processes, Properties and Interfaces CY MAR 09-12, 1997 CL CHATEAU ELAN, BRASELTON, GA SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Georgia Inst Technol, Packaging Res Ctr HO CHATEAU ELAN AB Product trends such as chip scale packaging and high density electronic interconnects are driving technologies towards increased complexity and reduced feature sizes. Two particularly important technical challenges involving plastic packages are to enhance the robustness of multi-component material interfaces and to improve the resistance of plastic assemblies to the effect of moisture. This presentation will review recent insights gained at NIST within its electronic packaging, interconnection and assembly program. First, a discussion of the properties and moisture susceptibility of buried polymer interfaces will be presented. Using neutron and x-ray reflectivity techniques, NIST can directly measure the CTE and hygroscopic expansion of extremely thin polymer films. Neutron techniques can also yield information about the concentration profile of deuterated water near an interface. Second, results from moisture uptake and egress studies within a molding compound will also be presented. Using solid state NMR, NIST can detect different forms of absorbed water and observe how this water responds to changes in the external environment. RP Schen, MA (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3818-9 PY 1997 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1109/ISAPM.1997.581263 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH39Y UT WOS:A1997BH39Y00023 ER PT B AU Reeve, GR AF Reeve, GR GP ARFTG ARFTG TI History of microwave metrology at NIST SO 50TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ARFTG Conference on Measurement Techniques for Digital Wireless Applications CY DEC 04-05, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Automat RF Techn Grp C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Fields, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reeve, GR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Fields, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 USA PY 1997 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327249 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM69P UT WOS:000079489100005 ER PT B AU DeGroot, DC Marks, RB Jargon, JA AF DeGroot, DC Marks, RB Jargon, JA GP ARFTG ARFTG TI A method for comparing vector network analyzers SO 50TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ARFTG Conference on Measurement Techniques for Digital Wireless Applications CY DEC 04-05, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Automat RF Techn Grp AB We present a method of comparing two distinct vector network analyzer systems by taking the differences in calibrated S-parameters over a set of test devices. The maximum magnitude of all S-parameter differences in the ensemble of data provides an estimate of the upper bound on the system differences for the set of test devices measured. If the maximum ensemble difference is greater than the repeatability limits, either the residual errors in the two systems are not negligible, or they do not agree. We demonstrate our method here by making comparisons between two commercial frequency-domain network analyzer (FDNA) systems and by comparing an experimental time-domain network analyzer (TDNA) to a commercial FDNA. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP DeGroot, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,Mail Code 81306, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 USA PY 1997 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM69P UT WOS:000079489100016 ER PT B AU Marks, RB AF Marks, RB GP ARFTG ARFTG TI Formulations of the basic vector network analyzer error model including switch terms SO 50TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ARFTG Conference on Measurement Techniques for Digital Wireless Applications CY DEC 04-05, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Automat RF Techn Grp ID CALIBRATION AB This paper explores details of the relationship between two expressions of the basic error model describing a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). One of these formulations is the conventional twelve-term formulation; the other is in terms of error boxes. The paper focuses on the role of the switch terms. By fully detailing the relationship between the two formulations, the paper arrives at several significant new results, including an explicit constraint on the parameters of the twelve-term model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM marks@nist.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 USA PY 1997 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327265 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM69P UT WOS:000079489100017 ER PT B AU Williams, DF Walker, DK AF Williams, DF Walker, DK GP ARFTG ARFTG TI Series-resistor calibration SO 50TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ARFTG Conference on Measurement Techniques for Digital Wireless Applications CY DEC 04-05, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Automat RF Techn Grp AB We develop a coplanar-waveguide probe-tip scattering parameter calibration based on a thru, a reflect, and an accurately modeled series resistor. Comparison to a multiline Thru-Reflect-Line calibration verifies the accuracy of the method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 USA PY 1997 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327267 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM69P UT WOS:000079489100019 ER PT B AU Giachetti, RE AF Giachetti, RE BE Bidanda, B Jagdale, S TI Manufacturing process and material selection during conceptual design SO 6TH INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: (IERC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Industrial Engineering Research Conference (IERC6) CY MAY 17-18, 1997 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Council Ind Engn Acad Dept Heads, Inst Ind Engineers DE manufacturability evaluation; concurrent engineering; material selection; possibility theory AB It is important to consider every possible alternative during the design process since design decisions will determine the feasible manufacturing processes and the final product costs. Determining feasible combinations of material and manufacturing processes during conceptual design is impeded since the requirements and product characteristics are only imprecisely known. It is becoming increasingly clear that the tremendous number of materials and manufacturing processes precludes an iterative single point search for alternatives. This paper presents an integrated material and manufacturing process selection procedure. A set-based approach is proposed where materials and processes are organized into a hierarchy. Sets are used to represent material group properties. A relational algebra capable of supporting imprecise queries on the database is introduced. This method allows the early identification of material and process alternatives. The alternatives are ranked enabling the designer to concentrate on those alternatives that have the greatest potential for balancing the product's functional requirements with the economic concerns realized in manufacturing. C1 NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Giachetti, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 25 TECHNOLOGY PARK/ATLANTA, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA BN 0-89806-177-6 PY 1997 BP 772 EP 777 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BK48T UT WOS:000072316100133 ER PT B AU Fields, HL McNulty, RP Thompson, D Neill, K Murphy, K Clear, R AF Fields, HL McNulty, RP Thompson, D Neill, K Murphy, K Clear, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The development of a weather workshop for teachers SO 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Education / 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY FEB 02-07, 1997 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Ctr Environm Predict, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BK58F UT WOS:000072616000003 ER PT B AU Vallier-Talbot, E AF Vallier-Talbot, E GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI How to have a successful Outreach Program at a National Weather Service Forecast Office SO 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Education / 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY FEB 02-07, 1997 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Forecast Off, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BK58F UT WOS:000072616000004 ER PT B AU Ross, TF Manns, DJ Faas, WM AF Ross, TF Manns, DJ Faas, WM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI CLIMVIS - A cool way to visualize NOAA's climate data SO 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Education / 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY FEB 02-07, 1997 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP J15 EP J18 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BK58F UT WOS:000072616000059 ER PT B AU Walker, ARH Arp, U Fraser, GT Lucatorto, TB Wen, J AF Walker, ARH Arp, U Fraser, GT Lucatorto, TB Wen, J BE Williams, GP Dumas, P TI New infrared beamline at the NIST SURF II storage ring SO ACCELERATOR-BASED INFRARED SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Meeting on Accelerator-Based Infrared Sources and Applications CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE infrared; synchrotron; microwave; FTIR; instrumentation; infrared microscopy AB The success of the infrared program at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has motivated the establishment of an infrared beamline at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Here, we describe the design of the infrared beamline and its associated infrared microscope instrumentation and show preliminary Fourier-transform infrared spectra. In addition, we present measurements of the long wavelength (> 1 cm) synchrotron emission and the noise spectrum of the infrared synchrotron radiation. The microwave measurements were undertaken to hell! assess the utility of SURF II as a submillimeter and far-infrared source. RP Walker, ARH (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2575-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3153 BP 42 EP 50 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86Z UT WOS:A1997BJ86Z00005 ER PT B AU Voorhees, EM Tong, RM AF Voorhees, EM Tong, RM BE Allen, RB Rasmussen, E TI Multiple search engines in database merging SO ACM DIGITAL LIBRARIES '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries (DL 97) CY JUL 23-26, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Amer Soc Informat Sci, Digital Lib Forum, Coalit Networked Informat, Lib & Informat Technol Assoc, Knowledge Syst Incorp, Natl Lib Med, Natl Agr Lib, Special Lib Assoc, IBM, Inst Sci Informat, Lexis Nexis, Document Co Xerox AB A database merging technique is a strategy for combining the results of multiple independent searches into a single cohesive response. While a variety of techniques have been developed to address a range of problem characteristics, our work focuses on environments in which search engines work in isolation. This paper shows that the behavior of two previously developed isolated techniques is indeed independent of the particular search engines that participate in the search. Two very different search engines, SMART and TOPIC(R), were each used to retrieve documents from five subcollections. The relative effectiveness of the merged result compared to the effectiveness of a corresponding single collection run is comparable for both engines. The effectiveness of the merged result is improved when both search engines search the same five subcollections but participate in a single merging. The improvement is such that this 10-collection merge is sometimes more effective than the single collection run. This last finding suggests that these methods may be able to improve the effectiveness of World Wide Web searches by merging the output. from several engines. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 BN 0-89791-868-1 PY 1997 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BJ45U UT WOS:A1997BJ45U00011 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF AF Douglas, Jack F. TI SOME APPLICATIONS OF FRACTIONAL CALCULUS TO POLYMER SCIENCE SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NATO FX Fern Hunt, Marjorie McClain, and Robert Lipman of the Computational and Applied Mathematics Laboratory at NIST are thanked for their help in making Figs. 1, 2 and 4, respectively, and Cecile De Witte-Morette (Physics Department, University of Texas) is thanked for her encouragement to write this chapter. The NATO Fellowship program is acknowledged for its support at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge during 1987, where much of the research of this chapter was performed. NR 256 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-2385 EI 1934-4791 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 1997 VL 102 BP 121 EP 191 DI 10.1002/9780470141618.ch3 PG 71 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA V13AF UT WOS:000207639000004 ER PT B AU Davies, B Swanson, P AF Davies, B Swanson, P BE Kawashima, S Kikuyama, S TI Isolation of gonadal proteins which stimulate the secretion of gonadotropins in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, TOMES 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY NOV 16-21, 1997 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Japan Racing Assoc AB Activins and inhibins have been shown to primarily control FSH in the mammalian pituitary. We hypothesize that such proteins are also involved in the differential control of FSH and LH in the salmonid pituitary. Previous purification of activins and inhibins have used gonadal fluids as starting material; here we have chosen coho salmon testis as our starting material. The purification protocol was based on those published for the isolation of mammalian activins and inhibins; thus an initial charcoal extraction step was followed by dialysis (concentrating components with a molecular weight greater than 10 kDa), ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Throughout these purification steps fractions which stimulated the secretion of both gonadotropins were identified using a cultured pituitary cell bioassay. The biologically active proteins eluted as expected for inhibin/activin-like proteins. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Davies, B (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 1997 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology GA BK58W UT WOS:000072639100044 ER PT B AU Swanson, P Dittman, A AF Swanson, P Dittman, A BE Kawashima, S Kikuyama, S TI Pituitary gonadotropins and their receptors in fish SO ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, TOMES 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY NOV 16-21, 1997 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Japan Racing Assoc C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 1997 BP 841 EP 846 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology GA BK58W UT WOS:000072639100142 ER PT B AU Shaw, JA Churnside, JH AF Shaw, JA Churnside, JH BE Narayanan, RM Kalshoven, JE TI Laser-glint techniques for sensing sea-surface roughness SO ADVANCES IN LASER REMOTE SENSING FOR TERRESTRIAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Laser Remote Sensing for Terrestrial and Oceanographic Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ocean optics; laser remote sensing; sea-surface roughness; lidar AB Specular reflections of light, or glints, on the ocean surface can be used to determine surface-roughness statistics. For example, the angular distribution of glints is related to the surface slope distribution. Such statistics are needed for interpreting data from various remote sensors and for studying the physics of the air-sea interface. Laser-glint techniques are convenient because they do not inherently depend on the ambient light conditions, the instruments can be made reasonably compact, and they do not disturb the surface. We deployed a first-generation laser-glint instrument package in the Pacific Ocean, near the Oregon coast, during September 1995. This system used laser wavelengths of 633 nm and 830 nm, and was only operable at night. Measurements from this instrument have helped to verify the Cox-Munk model far slope statistics and to quantify the dependence of sea-surface mean-square slope on the air-sea temperature difference. The next-generation laser-glint instrument will use infrared laser light at 10.6 mu m to enable daytime operation, which previously has not been accomplished with a laser-glint sensor. RP Shaw, JA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2474-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3059 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.277606 PG 5 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ21X UT WOS:A1997BJ21X00013 ER PT J AU Baldocchi, DD Vogel, CA Hall, B AF Baldocchi, DD Vogel, CA Hall, B TI Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DOUGLAS-FIR; SCOTS PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODEL; BIOSPHERE; CANOPY AB Fluxes of carbon dioxide were measured above and below a boreal jack pine stand with the eddy covariance method. Our goal was to examine the seasonal variation of the net carbon dioxide exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere and to understand the relative contributions of the vegetation and rhizosphere to these fluxes. Over the course of the growing season the jack pine stand was a small, net sink of carbon dioxide-47 gCm(-2) were assimilated during a 115 day period between spring (day 144) and autumn (day 259). On a daily basis, the magnitude of the net uptake of CO2 by the forest was relatively small, less than 4 gCm(-2) day(-1). We also observed many days when carbon dioxide was lost from the forest stand (up to 2 gCm(-2) day(-1)), Day to day sums of net carbon dioxide exchange exhibited little seasonality, despite the seasonality experienced by controlling environmental and biological variables. The aseasonality of net canopy CO2 exchange occurred because temporal variations associated with canopy photosynthesis and plant and microbial respiration offset one another over the growing season. Canopy photosynthesis rates of the jack pine stand were evaluated using CO2 flux measurements made above and below the canopy. Daily totals of canopy photosynthesis were a linear function of available solar energy and exhibited a quadratic dependence on temperature, with optimum photosynthesis occurring between 15 and 25 degrees C. We also observed that the net daily uptake of carbon dioxide was independent of soil moisture in the upper 0.15 m of the soil profile, despite the wide range of soil moisture that was experienced. Finally, the net gain of carbon by a jack pine canopy came with a relatively large respiratory expense. On average, 68% of the carbon gained by photosynthesis was consumed by plant respiration, over the course of a day. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,LAB ATMOSPHER RES,PULLMAN,WA. RP Baldocchi, DD (reprint author), NOAA,ARL,ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS DIV,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 60 TC 194 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02335-0 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WC275 UT WOS:A1997WC27500009 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Witt, A AF Lakshmanan, V Witt, A TI A fuzzy logic approach to detecting severe updrafts SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Supercell severe thunderstorms are often associated with bounded weak echo regions (BWERs), three-dimensional structure visible in radar data. The presence or absence of a BWER within a storm is therefore important for severe weather forecasting. The various uncertainties associated with a BWER's radar profile are taken into account using a fuzzy logic approach of generating membership functions to evaluate the rules in a rule base. A fuzzy logic classifier uses the output of these rules to classify a given region as a BWER, a marginal BWER, or a non-BWER. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600002 ER PT J AU Marzban, C Paik, H Stumpf, GJ AF Marzban, C Paik, H Stumpf, GJ TI Neural networks vs. Gaussian discriminant analysis SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORECAST VERIFICATION; DIAGNOSTIC VERIFICATION; SKILL SCORES; EVENT AB Two measures of performance and two methods of classification were considered. We show that a neural network whose outputs have been transformed to posterior probabilities outperforms both a neural network without such a transformation and discriminant analysis, regardless of the two measures of performance considered herein. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE & METEOROL STUDIES,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT COMMUN,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP Marzban, C (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CR,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600005 ER PT J AU Christopherson, D AF Christopherson, D TI Artificial intelligence and weather forecasting: An update SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; NEURAL-NETWORK RP Christopherson, D (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,101 12TH AVE,NO 21,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600009 ER PT J AU Binkley, DW AF Binkley, DW TI C plus plus in safety critical systems SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Review AB The safety and reliability of software is influenced by the choice of implementation language and the choice of programming idioms. C++ is gaining popularity as the implementation language of choice for large software projects because of its promise to reduce the complexity and cost of their construction. But is C++ an appropriate choice for such projects? An assessment of how well C++ fits into recent software guidelines for safety critical systems is presented along with a collection of techniques and idioms for the construction of safer C++ code. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Syst Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Binkley, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Syst Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 1997 VL 4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1023/A:1018962626979 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V2828 UT WOS:000168727500012 ER PT J AU Kelly, JR AF Kelly, JR TI Ceramics in restorative and prosthetic dentistry SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE dentistry; ceramics; leucite; prostheses; feldspar; clinical failure; fracture; wear; aesthetics; history ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; DENTAL PORCELAIN; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FLEXURAL STRENGTH; GLASS-CERAMICS; ION-EXCHANGE; HUMAN-ENAMEL; FELDSPATHIC PORCELAIN; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LEUCITE CONTENT AB This review is intended to provide the ceramic engineer with information about the history and current use of ceramics in dentistry, contemporary research topics, and potential research agenda. Background material includes intra-oral design considerations, descriptions of ceramic dental components, and the origin, composition, and microstructure of current dental ceramics. Attention is paid to efforts involving net-shape processing, machining as a forming method, and the analysis of clinical failure. A rationale is presented for the further development of all-ceramic restorative systems. Current research topics receiving attention include microstructure/processing/property relationships, clinical failure mechanisms and in vitro testing, wear damage and wear testing, surface treatments, and microstructural modifications. The status of the field is critically reviewed with an eye toward future work. Significant improvements seem possible in the clinical use of ceramics based on engineering solutions derived from the study of clinically failed restorations, on the incorporation of higher levels of ''biomimicry'' in new systems, and on the synergistic developments in dental cements and adhesive dentin bonding. RP Kelly, JR (reprint author), NIST,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 143 TC 170 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1997 VL 27 BP 443 EP 468 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.443 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XP626 UT WOS:A1997XP62600015 ER PT J AU Loomis, RA Lester, MI AF Loomis, RA Lester, MI TI OH-H-2 entrance channel complexes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE prereactive complexes; intermolecular potentials; hydroxyl radicals; electronic spectroscopy; quenching ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; RESOLVED CROSS-SECTIONS; BOND-SELECTED REACTION; LAMBDA-DOUBLET; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; REACTION DYNAMICS; PHOTODETACHMENT INTENSITIES; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; OH+H-2->H2O+H REACTION AB The entrance channel to the OH + H-2 --> H2O + H hydrogen abstraction reaction has been investigated from several different experimental approaches and complementary theoretical calculations. Weakly bound complexes between the hydroxyl radical and molecular hydrogen have been stabilized within a shallow well in the entrance channel and characterized via electronic spectroscopy on the OH A(2) Sigma(+) - X-2 Pi transition. Laser-induced fluorescence and fluorescence depletion experiments have revealed the binding energy of H-2/D-2 With ground state OH X-2 Pi radicals, the intermolecular energy levels supported by the OH A(2) Sigma(+) (v' = 0,1) + H-2/D-2 potential, and the OH-H-2/D-2 excited state dissociation limit. The OH X-2 Pi + H(2)potentials have also been examined through inelastic scattering measurements on Lambda-doublet state-selected OH with normal or para-H-2. Finally, photodetachment of an electron from the H3O- anion enabled the neutral reaction to be probed in conformations sampled by the two isomeric forms of the anion. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Loomis, RA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 75 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1997 VL 48 BP 643 EP 673 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.643 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YB989 UT WOS:A1997YB98900021 PM 15012452 ER PT B AU Bur, AJ Thomas, CL AF Bur, AJ Thomas, CL GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Optical monitoring of polypropylene injection molding SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE injection molding; optical sensor; polypropylene; light transmission AB We have developed a model to describe the behavior of an optical fiber sensor for monitoring injection molding. The sensor was used to detect light reflected from the mold cavity during the packing and cooling phases of injection molding of polypropylene. Light which reflected off the opposite wall of the mold and back to the optical fiber was analyzed for information regarding crystallization kinetics and the amount of crystallinity in the final product. The model illustrates how temperature, pressure and crystallinity affect the detected light intensity. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00069 ER PT B AU McKenna, GB Mopsik, FI Zorn, R Willner, L Richter, D AF McKenna, GB Mopsik, FI Zorn, R Willner, L Richter, D GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Mechanical and dielectric measurements in polymers: Differences in time-temperature superposition behavior SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers RP McKenna, GB (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1027 EP 1033 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00177 ER PT B AU Han, WH McKenna, GB AF Han, WH McKenna, GB GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Plasticizer effects on physical aging of epoxy SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers RP Han, WH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,STRUCT & MECH GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1539 EP 1545 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00280 ER PT B AU Jackson, CL Bauer, BJ AF Jackson, CL Bauer, BJ GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic interpenetrating polymer networks SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE sol-gel; polymer; interpenetrating polymer network; scattering; microscopy AB A review of various types of organic-inorganic hybrid materials will be presented with an emphasis on systems where the inorganic constituent is formed in-situ. In our laboratory, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN> chemistry has been used to produce materials with an SiO2 phase made through a sol-gel condensation reaction and an organic phase made from either poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)(PHEA) or epoxy resin. A summary of other work using preformed polymers or networks in solution to form the hybrid material will also be presented. RP Jackson, CL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1908 EP 1909 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00348 ER PT B AU Migler, KB Bur, AJ AF Migler, KB Bur, AJ GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Measurement of temperature profiles during polymer processing SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE polymer processing; temperature measurement; temperature profile; fluorescence AB We describe a novel non-invasive method to measure temperature profiles during processing. By monitoring key spectral features of a dopant fluorescent dye, we can measure the resin temperature. A focusing technique that we call ''confocal fluorescent optics'' then allows us to measure the temperature at selected positions. We present results of critical tests of the device, as well as on-line temperature profile measurements. Temperature gradients on the order of 5 degrees C/mm are observed between the outer wall and the center of the die. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 2278 EP 2282 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00418 ER PT B AU Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Huang, MT AF Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Huang, MT GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Near infrared cure monitoring and control of a resin transfer molded epoxy composite using an evanescent wave high index fiber optic sensor SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE resin transfer molding; near infrared spectroscopy; fiber optics AB This work uses fiber optic near infrared spectroscopy to monitor the cure of a resin transfer molded glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite. A mini-bundle of high index optical fibers is placed in the center of the reinforcement thickness. Spectra are collected using evanescent wave Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy as the composite is curing. Peaks representing amine consumption are identified as good candidates for realtime monitoring and control of the epoxy cure. A cure control algorithm based on model assisted feedback control is presented. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,QUINCE ORCHARD & CLOPPER RDS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 2451 EP 2453 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00448 ER PT S AU Djuric, N Chung, YS Dunn, GH AF Djuric, N Chung, YS Dunn, GH BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Crossed beams measurements of electron impact dissociative excitation of molecular ions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A crossed beams technique developed at JILA especially to detect and measure light fragment ions from electron impact dissociation is described. Preliminary results of absolute cross sections for obtaining D+ fragments from dissociation of deuterated molecules CD+, CD2+, and CD3+ are presented. RP Djuric, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,CB440,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00013 ER PT B AU Zhao, YZ Marchbanks, RD Hardesty, RM AF Zhao, YZ Marchbanks, RD Hardesty, RM BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI The ETL's transportable lower troposphere ozone lidar and its applications in air quality studies SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE lidar; ozone; air quality; remote sensing AB A transportable ground-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) specifically designed for ozone and aerosol profiling in the lower troposphere was developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Environmental Technology Laboratory (NOAA/ETL). The NOAA/ETL ozone lidar has the unique capability of measuring vertical profiles of ozone concentration from near the surface up to 3 km, and measuring vertical profiles of aerosol from the surface to about 10 km. The innovative hardware design and improved signal processing techniques make the system efficient, compact, and easily transportable. A recently implemented 2-dimensional scanning system provides the capability of measuring ozone concentrations and aerosol in a vertical plane. The lidar has been deployed in seven field experiments in California, Illinois, and Boulder, Colorado since summer 1993. Lidar observations of vertical profiles of ozone concentrations and ozone advection fluxes in Southern California during high ozone season revealed interesting structures of ozone distributions in the Los Angeles urban area and near the Cajon Pass which is a major corridor of ozone transport from Los Angeles to the Mojave Desert. RP Zhao, YZ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ETL,R-E-ET2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.279078 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00006 ER PT J AU Walker, ML McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM Gomes, P AF Walker, ML McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM Gomes, P TI Radiation-field mapping of insect irradiation canisters SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article AB Dosimetry methods developed at NIST for mapping ionizing radiation fields were applied to canisters used in Cs-137 dry-source irradiators designed for insect sterilization. The method of mapping the radiation fields inside of these canisters as they cycled through the gamma-ray irradiators involved the use of radiochromic films, which increase in optical density proportionately to the absorbed dose. A dosimeter film array in a cardboard phantom was designed to simulate the average insect pupae density and to map the dose within the full volume of the canister; the calibrated films were read using a laser scanning densitometer. Previously used dosimetric methods did not allow for the spatial resolution that is possible with these films. Results indicate that this dose-mapping technique is a powerful method of evaluating a variety of radiation fields of commercial radiation sources, with promising applications as a means of dose validation and quality control. Copyright (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Walker, ML (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,IONIZING RADIAT DIV,DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(96)00051-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WD773 UT WOS:A1997WD77300019 ER PT S AU Sing, MLC Rice, JP Dolabdjian, C Robbes, D AF Sing, MLC Rice, JP Dolabdjian, C Robbes, D BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Low-noise temperature control using a high Tc superconducting sensor compared to a conventional PRT method SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB We have made further investigations about the performances of our high stability temperature controller which involves a YBCO strip as the temperature sensor and home-made electronics designed to monitor the critical current of the strip biased at a constant voltage. The new experiments involved three temperature sensors, namely one calibrated platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) and two YBCO strips, all mounted to the same copper block. We have compared the temperature stability around 87 K obtained while using one of the YBCO strips and our electronics to that given by the PRT associated with a commercial high-quality temperature controller. The second YBCO strip was used to measure the out-of-loop temperature fluctuations of the copper black. The RMS values of the temperature Variations were about 145 mu K when the PRT was used for the temperature control, and about 9 mu K with the YBCO strip. Thus, our method improves the temperature stability by a factor of 16 as compared to the PRT control. A two-stage temperature control experiment shows that the expected resolution of a high-T-c ACR based on our scheme is about 70 nW for average power levels in the range of a few mu W to 100 mu W. C1 Inst Sci Mat & Rayonnement, CREYC, CNRS UPRESA 6072, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sing, MLC (reprint author), Inst Sci Mat & Rayonnement, CREYC, CNRS UPRESA 6072, F-14050 Caen, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 785 EP 788 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200194 ER PT B AU Williams, DF AF Williams, DF GP ARFTG TI Embedded multiconductor transmission line characterization SO ARFTG 49TH CONFERENCE: (CHARACTERIZATION OF BROADBAND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPONENTS SYSTEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th ARFTG Conference on Characterization of Broadband Telecommunications Components and Systems CY JUN 13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Automat RF Tech Grp AB This paper presents a measurement method that characterizes lossy printed multiconductor transmission lines embedded in transitions, connectors, or packages with significant electrical parasitics. We test the method on a pair of lossy coupled asymmetric microstrip lines and compare to previous results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 USA PY 1997 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BL04F UT WOS:000074110900031 ER PT J AU Klote, JH AF Klote, JH GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Simulating the effects of HVAC-induced airflow from stat diffusers on detector response SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Rapid activation of fire protection systems in response to a growing fire is one of the important factors required to provide for life safety and property protection. Airflow due to the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can significantly modify the flow of smoke along the ceiling and must be taken into consideration when a particular system is designed. Currently, the standards used to guide the design of systems contain little quantitative information concerning the impact of airflow produced by HVAC systems. This project is part of a multiyear, international fire detection research project sponsored by the National Fire Protection Research Foundation (NFPRF), and it describes the results of a series of numerical simulations of smoke movement in response to HVAC flows resulting from slot diffusers, slot returns, and rectangular returns. The computer model calculated activation times throughout the fire-driven flow field. RP Klote, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 418 EP 435 PN 1 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00045 ER PT B AU Alers, GA AF Alers, GA GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI Early detection of fatigue damage by resonant ultrasonic sensors in steel components of bridges SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Alers, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900066 ER PT B AU Alers, GA AF Alers, GA GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI Materials characterization using EMATs SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Alers, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900070 ER PT J AU Fesen, RA Shull, JM Hurford, AP AF Fesen, RA Shull, JM Hurford, AP TI An optical study of the circumstellar environment around the Crab Nebula SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; PULSAR WIND; S-II; JET; PROGENITOR; FILAMENTS; SHELL; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Long-slit spectra of two peripheral regions around the Crab Nebula show no Her emission down to a flux level of 1.5x10(-7) erg cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) (0.63 Rayleigh), corresponding to an emission measure limit of 4.2 cm(-6) pc (3 sigma) assuming A(V)=1.6(m) and T-e=7000 K. This is below the flux levels reported by Murdin & Clark [Nature, 294, 543 (1981)] for an H alpha halo around the Crab. Narrow H beta emission as described by Murdin [MNRAS, 269, 89 (1994)] is detected but appears to be Galactic emission unassociated with the remnant. A review of prior searches indicates no convincing observational evidence to support either a high- or low-velocity envelope around the remnant. Spectral scans confirm a well-organized, N-S expansion asymmetry of the filaments with a similar to 500 km s(-1) central velocity constriction as described by MacAlpine et al. [ApJ, 342, 364 (1989)] and Lawrence et al. [AJ, 109, 2635 (1995)] but questioned by Hester et al. [ApJ, 448, 240 (1995)]. The velocity pinching appears to coincide with an east-west chain of bright [O III] and helium-rich filaments. This expansion asymmetry might be the result of ejecta interaction with a disk of circumstellar matter, but such a model may be inconsistent with H and He filament abundances in the velocity constriction zone. A re-analysis of the remnant's total mass suggests that the filaments contain 4.6+/-1.8 M. in ionized and neutral gas, about twice that of earlier estimates. For a 10 M. progenitor, this suggests that similar or equal to 4 M. remains to be detected in an extended halo or wind. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV COLORADO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP DARTMOUTH COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, WILDER LAB 6127, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. NR 73 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 113 IS 1 BP 354 EP + DI 10.1086/118258 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WC671 UT WOS:A1997WC67100028 ER PT B AU Poster, DL Baker, JE AF Poster, DL Baker, JE BE Baker, JE TI Mechanisms of atmospheric wet deposition of chemical contaminants SO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS TO THE GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL WATERS SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ AB The condensation of gaseous water and its precipitation from the atmosphere in the form of hydrometeors (e.g., fog, rain, snow, sleet) are important processes not only for the global water budget, but also because they bring to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems other atmospheric species. Not only compounds that have a high affinity toward atmospheric water droplets or soluble aerosol particles are transported, but so are those that are hydrophobic or attracted toward insoluble particulate matter [1]. Nutrients (P, N, C, S), anthropogenically mobilized acids (H2SO4, HNO3), trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, As), carbonaceous particulate matter (soot components, secondary organic aerosol), and industrially synthesized and combustion-derived organic contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated agrochemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are several examples of species that can be removed from the atmosphere during precipitation events and deposited to the ground or water surfaces. Sources of these compounds include point sources (i.e., fossil fuel combustion products from power generation plants, non-ferrous smelting), area sources (i.e., volatilization from land fills and soils, soil erosion, drift from agrichemical applications, biomass burning), and mobile sources (i.e., motor vehicles). Once released into the atmosphere, contaminants may be partitioned between gaseous and particulate phases. Cloud and precipitation droplets may incorporate both gases and aerosol particles. In this chapter, the uptake and removal mechanisms are discussed together with the speciation of contaminants that they control. Wet deposition is the result of dynamic processes linked with microphysical and chemical processes. While dynamic processes are responsible for the removal of water, gases, and aerosol particles from the troposphere, microphysical processes that occur prior to or during cloud and rain droplet formation, such as gas-particle and gas-water partitioning, condensation, and coalescence, largely control the ground-level concentrations of atmospheric species in precipitation. The incorporation of aerosol particles into precipitation droplets, and the role which particle size plays, is relatively poorly understood yet plays an especially important role in the persistence and removal of airborne contaminants. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poster, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-10-4 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1997 BP 51 EP 72 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Toxicology GA BK63H UT WOS:000072818300004 ER PT B AU Ching, JKS Binkowski, FS Bullock, OR AF Ching, JKS Binkowski, FS Bullock, OR BE Baker, JE TI Deposition of semivolatile toxic air pollutants to the Great Lakes: A regional modeling approach SO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS TO THE GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL WATERS SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ AB A modeling approach is described that will be able to predict wet and dry deposition of toxic airborne semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) applicable on a regional scale. In principle, these compounds cycle between the aerosol or the gas phases depending primarily on their vapor pressure and the ambient temperature and aerosol particle concentration. This study outlines an approach using as its modeling framework the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Regional Particulate Model(RPM), which predicts size distribution and the chemical composition of secondary-formed aerosol particles. These particles provide sites for the condensation or volatilization of these semivolatiles. Partitioning of ambient SVOCs between gas and particles based on formulations of Pankow [9] are proposed and discussed and a requirements plan presented. It is demonstrated that the approach can handle a wide range of volatility characteristic of various compounds. Examples of the use of the RPM for relatively low volatility organochlorines and relatively high volatility persistent aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants are presented. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ching, JKS (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-10-4 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1997 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Toxicology GA BK63H UT WOS:000072818300016 ER PT B AU Bullock, OR Benjey, WG Keating, MH AF Bullock, OR Benjey, WG Keating, MH BE Baker, JE TI Modeling of regional scale atmospheric mercury transport and deposition using RELMAP SO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS TO THE GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL WATERS SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ AB The Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution (RELMAP) is used to simulate the emission, transport and diffusion, chemical transformation, and wet and dry deposition of elemental mercury gas, divalent mercury gas, and particulate mercury. Based on recent modeling advances in Europe, the RELMAP has been modified to simulate a reduction-oxidation (redox) balance for mercury dissolved in cloud and rainwater. This redox balance is used in the estimation of a variable precipitation scavenging ratio for elemental mercury. The result is more effective removal of elemental mercury gas by precipitation processes than is implied by its solubility in water. Wet removal of divalent mercury gas and particulate mercury is modeled using constant wet scavenging ratios. Dry deposition is estimated using deposition velocities developed from various modeling studies in the U.S. and in Europe. A mercury air emission inventory for the continental United States is used to estimate the releases of elemental mercury gas, divalent mercury gas, and particulate mercury based on emission speciation estimates for the various emitter types in the inventory. Average annual concentrations and wet and dry deposition totals for these three forms of mercury have been simulated. The results of the simulation are used to estimate the quantity of mercury emitted to the air annually over the United States, and the amount that is subsequently deposited back to U.S. soil sand water bodies. An analysis of the modeling results also provides some information about the areas of the country thought to have the most significant exposure from all air emissions of mercury. This analysis contributes to the understanding of the key variables, such as source location, chemical and physical form emission, or meteorology, that lead to these outcomes. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-10-4 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1997 BP 323 EP 347 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Toxicology GA BK63H UT WOS:000072818300018 ER PT B AU Luke, WT Valigura, RA AF Luke, WT Valigura, RA BE Baker, JE TI Methodologies to estimate the air-surface exchange of atmospheric nitrogen compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS TO THE GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL WATERS SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ AB This chapter presents an overview of the methods, both chemical and meteorological, by which the fluxes of atmospheric nitrogen species may be estimated. While not intended to be an exhaustive review, the text focuses on a discussion of some of the most commonly accepted methods for measuring both wet and dry fluxes of reactive nitrogen species, ammonia, and organic nitrogen. Both the principles behind these meteorological and chemical techniques, as well as the appropriate experimental conditions under which they may be used, are briefly summarized. Emission and/or deposition characteristics for several key nitrogen species are tabulated and, there is a summary of current techniques used to assess their rates of air surface exchange. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab REAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab REAR, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-10-4 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1997 BP 349 EP 377 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Toxicology GA BK63H UT WOS:000072818300019 ER PT B AU Dennis, RL AF Dennis, RL BE Baker, JE TI Using the Regional Acid Deposition Model to determine the nitrogen deposition airshed of the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS TO THE GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL WATERS SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ AB The Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM), an advanced Eulerian model, is used to develop an estimate of the primary airshed of nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions that is contributing nitrogen deposition to the Chesapeake Bay watershed. A brief description of RADM together with a summary of the aggregation method used to develop annual average deposition is given. The evaluation background of RADM is summarized. The transport range of the nitrogen affecting deposition, principally the termination product nitric acid, is first established in the model. This range is compared to that determined for sulfur. Surprisingly, the two are comparable. Model evaluation results and literature comparisons suggest the range developed for sulfur is reasonable, but that the nitrogen range may be a little too short. Using the range of nitrogen influence computed for different source regions and a decision rule that diminishing returns start at distances where 50 to 70% of the deposition has fallen, the main airshed affecting the Chesapeake Bay watershed was defined. The shape of the airshed is irregular, stretched towards the Ohio River Valley, because of the influence of the prevailing winds. The size of the airshed is roughly 5.5 times larger than the watershed. With 30% of the eastern North American NOX emissions, the airshed explains 76%, of the nitrogen deposition to the watershed. In addition, RADM is used to show that the main deposition influence of utility and mobile source NOX emissions are geographically separate. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-10-4 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1997 BP 393 EP 413 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Toxicology GA BK63H UT WOS:000072818300021 ER PT J AU Dlugokencky, EJ Masarie, KA Tans, PP Conway, TJ Xiong, X AF Dlugokencky, EJ Masarie, KA Tans, PP Conway, TJ Xiong, X TI Is the amplitude of the methane seasonal cycle changing? SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE methane; seasonal cycle; hydroxyl radical ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE AB Twelve years of atmospheric CH4 data from a globally distributed set of sampling sites ranging in latitude from 82 degrees N to 90 degrees S are analyzed to determine if a statistically significant trend in the peak-to-peak seasonal cycle amplitude exists. Two analysis methods are used. Agreement between amplitude trends determined by the two methods is reasonable. Trends in amplitude determined From sampling sites of similar latitude are not consistent, except in the high southern latitudes, so we focus on the latitude zone 30-90 degrees S, where CH4 destruction is the primary Factor determining the seasonal cycle amplitude. In this high southern hemisphere latitude zone, the trend in seasonal cycle amplitude is not statistically different from zero. Statistical uncertainties in the peak-to-peak seasonal cycle amplitude suggest that the observations are consistent with the change in the amplitude expected due to the increasing burden of atmospheric CH4, bur not with an increase in the globally averaged OH concentration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,BEIJING 100029,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Dlugokencky, EJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00174-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VP273 UT WOS:A1997VP27300003 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Arya, SP Snyder, WH AF Brown, MJ Arya, SP Snyder, WH TI Plume descriptors derived from a non-Gaussian concentration model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE plume dispersion; vertical concentration distribution; maximum ground-level concentration; plume advection velocity ID DISPERSION; SURFACE AB Equations for point-source releases are derived from the non-Gaussian solution to the diffusion equation for (1) the first four moments of the vertical concentration distribution (centroid, variance, skewness, and kurtosis), (2) the magnitude and downwind location of the maximum ground-level concentration, and (3) the plume advection velocity. Equations are obtained for both ground-level and elevated sources. Where applicable, results are compared to wind-tunnel and field measurements and/or to other less generalized equations. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00487-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VT413 UT WOS:A1997VT41300006 ER PT B AU Itano, WM Monroe, C Meekhof, DM Leibfried, D King, BE Wineland, DJ AF Itano, WM Monroe, C Meekhof, DM Leibfried, D King, BE Wineland, DJ BE Prentiss, MG Phillips, WD TI Quantum harmonic oscillator state synthesis and analysis SO ATOM OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Atom Optics Conference CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE quantum state generation; quantum state tomography; laser cooling; ion storage; quantum computation AB We laser-cool single beryllium ions in a Paul trap to the ground (n = 0) quantum harmonic oscillator state with greater than 90% probability. From this starting point, we can put the atom into various quantum states of motion by application of optical and rf electric fields. Some of these states resemble classical states (the coherent states), while others are intrinsically quantum, such as number states or squeezed states. We have created entangled position and spin superposition states (Schrodinger cat states), where the atom's spatial wavefunction is split into two widely separated wave packets. We have developed methods to reconstruct the density matrices and Wigner functions of arbitrary motional quantum states. These methods should make it possible to study decoherence of quantum superposition states and the transition from quantum to classical behavior. Calculations of the decoherence of superpositions of coherent states are presented. RP Itano, WM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2406-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2995 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.273771 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BH79X UT WOS:A1997BH79X00005 ER PT B AU McClelland, JJ Anderson, WR Celotta, RJ AF McClelland, JJ Anderson, WR Celotta, RJ BE Prentiss, MG Phillips, WD TI Nanofabrication via atom optics with chromium SO ATOM OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Atom Optics Conference CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE atom optics; atom lithography; laser-focused atomic deposition; light forces; atom manipulation; nanostructures; nanofabrication; chromium; magnetic nanostructures AB Through the use of light forces exerted by near-resonant laser light, chromium atoms are focused as they deposit onto a substrate, forming nanometer-scale structures on the surface. The laser light is in the form of a standing wave, in which each node acts as an atom-optical ''lens.'' The result is a highly accurate array of lines with a periodicity of lambda/2 = 212.78 nm and full-width at half maximum as small as 38 nm. We discuss progress with this process, in particular the fabrication of a two-dimensional array, the creation of an array with lambda/8 periodicity, the replication of the array in polymer material, the production of magnetic nanowires, and the reactive-ion etching of a chromium pattern on silicon to generate an array of distinct nanowires and/or nanotrenches. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECT PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2406-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2995 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.273745 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BH79X UT WOS:A1997BH79X00009 ER PT B AU Parks, DC Bastasz, R Schmieder, RW Stockli, M AF Parks, DC Bastasz, R Schmieder, RW Stockli, M BE Cohen, SH Lightbody, ML TI Atomic force microscopy imaging of single ion impacts on mica SO ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY/SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Natick-Research-Development-and-Engineering-Center of US-Army-Soldier-System-Command Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (AFM/STM) Symposium CY JUN 07-09, 1994 CL NATICK, MA SP USA Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr AB The electron affinity and potential energy that is associated with highly charged ions may be used to create nanometer scale damage sites on the surface of insulating materials. We have used atomic force microscopy to image the surface damage caused by single ion impacts. Freshly cleaved mica was irradiated by low energy Xe44+ ions at normal incidence. Impact sites are typically circular protrusions 20 nm in diameter and 0.3 nm in height. Lateral force microscopy shows the damage sites to have increased friction relative to the surrounding undisturbed crystal. RP Parks, DC (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45596-X PY 1997 BP 161 EP 168 PG 4 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA BH52R UT WOS:A1997BH52R00019 ER PT J AU Misakian, M Fenimore, C AF Misakian, M Fenimore, C TI Distributions of measurement errors for single-axis magnetic field meters during measurements near appliances SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE coil probe; dipole field; magnetic field; measurement uncertainty; power frequency ID UNCERTAINTIES AB Comparisons are made between the average magnetic flux density as it would be measured with a single-axis coil probe and the flux density at the center of the probe, assuming that the probe is oriented to measure the maximum field at that point. Probability distributions of the differences between the two quantities are calculated assuming a dipole magnetic field and are found to be asymmetric. The distributions are used to estimate the uncertainty for maximum magnetic field measurements at distances that are large compared with the dimensions of the field source. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Misakian, M (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECT,BLDG 220,ROOM B344,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA WR025 UT WOS:A1997WR02500012 PM 9096846 ER PT J AU Misakian, M AF Misakian, M TI Vertical circularly polarized ELF magnetic fields and induced electric fields in culture media SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE exposure parameters; in vitro; power frequency ID INVITRO AB Some properties of induced electric fields in cell culture media produced by vertical circularly polarized magnetic fields are examined. The described geometry is not advantageous for determining effects that may be attributable to induced electric fields or currents. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Misakian, M (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECT,BLDG 220,ROOM B344,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 524 EP 526 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:7<524::AID-BEM8>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 3 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA XY959 UT WOS:A1997XY95900008 PM 9338634 ER PT J AU Dyukova, T Robertson, B Weetall, H AF Dyukova, T Robertson, B Weetall, H TI Optical and electrical characterization of bacteriorhodopsin films SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bacteriorhodopsin; film; mutant; tin oxide ID SCHIFF-BASE; PROTON TRANSLOCATION; PUMP AB The lifetime of the M-state of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is increased by genetic and chemical modifications and by solubilizing purple membranes (PMs) with detergent. Chemically modified D96E films as well as D96N films, possess close to 100% bleaching efficiency which makes them attractive for use as image storage media. The mutant S35C has spectral and kinetic properties identical to the WT, both in aqueous suspensions and in films. This indicates that substitution of Ser-35 with Cys has an insignificant effect on the photocycling activity of BR. This substitution provides an attachment site that does not interfere with the Function of BR. The magnitude of photocurrent transients generated by mutant BR proteins is used to measure the efficiency of the ground-to-M-state transitions. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET & EXPT BIOPHYS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0303-2647(96)01665-6 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA WG388 UT WOS:A1997WG38800002 PM 9043678 ER PT B AU Busch, WS AF Busch, WS GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI Bioremediation of marine ecosystems and the cultivation and reforestation of macroalgae: Demonstration project development SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER USE AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OECD Workshop Mexico 96 on Biotechnology for Water Use and Conservation CY OCT 20-23, 1996 CL COCOYOC, MEXICO SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Commiss European Communities, Conacyt, Mexico C1 NOAA, Off Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Busch, WS (reprint author), NOAA, Off Global Programs, 110 Wayne Av,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-15594-5 PY 1997 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BL64G UT WOS:000076146800021 ER PT J AU Onoda, G AF Onoda, G TI NIST Ceramics Consortium SO BRITISH CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT News Item RP Onoda, G (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5DB SN 0967-9782 J9 BRIT CERAM T JI Br. Ceram. Trans. PY 1997 VL 96 IS 4 BP 179 EP 179 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YL417 UT WOS:A1997YL41700011 ER PT J AU Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Arkin, P Chang, A Ferraro, R Gruber, A Janowiak, J McNab, A Rudolf, B Schneider, U AF Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Arkin, P Chang, A Ferraro, R Gruber, A Janowiak, J McNab, A Rudolf, B Schneider, U TI The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Combined Precipitation Dataset SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; MONTHLY RAINFALL; ENSO EPISODE; SSM/I; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVAL AB The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) has released the GPCP Version 1 Combined Precipitation Data Set, a global, monthly precipitation dataset covering the period July 1987 through December 1995. The primary product in the dataset is a merged analysis incorporating precipitation estimates from low-orbit-satellite microwave data, geosynchronous-orbit-satellite infrared data, and rain gauge observations. The dataset also contains the individual input fields, a combination of the microwave and infrared satellite estimates, and error estimates for each field. The data are provided on 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees latitude-longitude global grids. Preliminary analyses show general agreement with prior studies of global precipitation and extends prior studies of El Nino-Southern Oscillation precipitation patterns. At the regional scale there are systematic differences with standard climatologies. C1 SCI SYST & APPLICAT INC,GREENBELT,MD. NOAA,NWS,NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,LAB HYDROSPHER PROC,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,NESDIS,OFF RES & APPLICAT,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. NOAA,NESDIS,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC. DEUTSCH WETTERDIENST,GLOBAL PRECIPITAT CLIMATOL CTR,OFFENBACH,GERMANY. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 40 TC 937 Z9 990 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0005:TGPCPG>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ825 UT WOS:A1997WJ82500001 ER PT J AU Lau, NC AF Lau, NC TI Interactions between global SST anomalies and the midlatitude atmospheric circulation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CIRCULATION; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; OCEAN INTERACTION AB A review is given of the processes contributing to variability of the atmosphere-ocean system on interannual timescales. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationships between midlatitude atmospheric fluctuations and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in various geographical sites. Various hypotheses are tested using output from a coordinated set of general circulation model experiments, which are subjected to time-varying SST forcing observed during 1946-88 in different parts of the world's oceans. It is demonstrated that tropical Pacific SST fluctuations associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes produce a strong extratropical response in the model atmosphere, whereas the atmospheric signal associated with midlatitude SST anomalies is less robust. Analysis of a 100-yr control experiment, which is conducted in the absence of any interannual SST forcing, indicates that a substantial fraction of the simulated atmospheric variability may be attributed to internal dynamical processes alone. The observed coexistence of tropical ENSO events with SST anomalies in the extratropical North Pacific is successfully reproduced by forcing the model atmosphere with tropical Pacific SST variations and allowing the atmospheric perturbations thus generated to drive a simple ocean mixed layer model inserted at ocean grid points outside the tropical Pacific. This simulation affirms the role of the atmospheric circulation as a ''bridge'' linking SST changes in different parts of the world's oceans. The midlatitude model responses in the presence of local air-sea interactions are noticeably stronger than the corresponding responses without such interactions. This finding is indicative of the positive feedback processes inherent in extratropical air-sea coupling. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 59 TC 209 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0021:IBGSAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ825 UT WOS:A1997WJ82500002 ER PT J AU Marwitz, J Politovich, M Bernstein, B Ralph, F Neiman, P Ashenden, R Bresch, J AF Marwitz, J Politovich, M Bernstein, B Ralph, F Neiman, P Ashenden, R Bresch, J TI Meteorological conditions associated with the ATR72 aircraft accident near Roselawn, Indiana, on 31 October 1994 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ICING CONDITIONS; PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE; SIMULATION; CYCLONE; PROJECT; GROWTH; MODEL; FRONT; STORM AB An ATR72 commuter aircraft crashed near Roselawn, Indiana, on 31 October 1994 killing all 68 people on board. Available weather data, including those from a Next Generation Radar, a radar wind profiler, a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, and pilot reports of icing have been examined in combination with analysis fields from the Rapid Update Cycle model and forecast fields from the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research MM5 numerical model. Synthesis of this information provides a relatively complete and consistent picture of the ambient meteorological conditions in the region of the ATR72 holding pattern at similar to 3.1 km above mean sea level. Of particular interest is the evidence that these conditions favored the development of supercooled drizzle drops within a strong frontal zone, as indicated by cloud-top temperatures of -10 degrees to -15 degrees C, weak radar reflectivity, and strong, vertical wind shear within the cloud and warm front. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Marwitz, J (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 3038,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0041:MCAWTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ825 UT WOS:A1997WJ82500004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Bastiaans, LM Zeitler, JW McPherson, RA Rydell, NN Rao, GV Warthan, HP Kloesel, KA Heckman, BE Ramamurthy, MK AF Smith, DR Bastiaans, LM Zeitler, JW McPherson, RA Rydell, NN Rao, GV Warthan, HP Kloesel, KA Heckman, BE Ramamurthy, MK TI Meeting report on the Fifth AMS Symposium on Education SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its Fifth Symposium on Education in conjunction with the 76th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The theme of this year's symposium was ''Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences: Building the Future on a Solid Foundation.'' Thirty-four oral presentations and 41 poster presentations summarized a variety of educational programs or examined issues of importance for both the precollege and university levels. There was also a joint session with the 12th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrography on new technologies for the classroom. Over 200 people representing a wide spectrum of the Society attended one or more of the sessions in this two-day conference, where they increased their awareness of educational initiatives of members and institutions associated with AMS. C1 NASSAU COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT PHYS SCI,GARDEN CITY,NY 11530. NATL WEATHER SERV,RAPID CITY,SD. OKLAHOMA CLIMATE SURVEY,SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,NORMAN,OK. NATL WEATHER SERV,NEW BRAUNFELS,TX. ST LOUIS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. TOWERS HIGH SCH,STONE MT,GA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,COMET,BOULDER,CO. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT OCEANOG,572 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ825 UT WOS:A1997WJ82500006 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Lowe, MK AF Williams, HA Lowe, MK TI Growth rates of four Hawaiian deep slope fishes: A comparison of methods for estimating age and growth from otolith microincrement widths SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRISTIPOMOIDES-FILAMENTOSUS; INCREMENTS; SNAPPER; LAYERS AB Two methods were used to estimate the age and growth of four Hawaiian deep slope fishes. Otolith daily increment width estimates from radial sections of sagittal otoliths were integrated over the otolith radius to approximate age by (i) dividing interval length (micrometres) by mean increment width (micrometres per day) and summing this quotient for consecutive 500-mu m radial intervals (S. Ralston and H.A. Williams. 1989. Fish. Bull. 87: 1-16) and (ii) fitting increment width (y) versus otolith radius (x) to a Gompertz rate curve and calculating the inverse integral of this curve (M.K. Smith and E. Kostlan. 1991. Fish. Bull. 89: 461-472). The methods also differ in the way the age-length key is generated. Ralston and Williams' method uses integrated age versus a regression-based estimate of fish length at 500-mu m otolith radial intervals; Smith and Kostlan's method uses estimated age versus actual fish length. Neither method of integration produced significantly different age estimates; however, the use of regression-based fish length estimates instead of sampled fish lengths resulted in significant differences between estimated growth curves. The minimum number of daily increment width estimates required as a function of otolith radius was calculated, on the basis of observed microincrement width variation. C1 DEPT LAND & NAT RESOURCES,DIV AQUAT RESOURCES,HONOLULU,HI 96813. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 54 IS 1 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1139/cjfas-54-1-126 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XB786 UT WOS:A1997XB78600014 ER PT J AU Deitz, VR AF Deitz, VR TI The heterogeneity of commercial granular activated carbons SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE activated carbon, charcoal; particle size C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 579 EP 580 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)83729-3 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA WV645 UT WOS:A1997WV64500016 ER PT B AU Babushok, V Tsang, W AF Babushok, V Tsang, W GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Relative flame inhibition effectiveness of metallic compounds SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babushok, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500016 ER PT B AU Tsang, W Lifshitz, A AF Tsang, W Lifshitz, A GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Kinetic stability of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500047 ER PT B AU Mokrushin, V Tsang, W Zachariah, MR AF Mokrushin, V Tsang, W Zachariah, MR GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Chemical activation reactions at high temperatures SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mokrushin, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500049 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Gossiaux, DC Kukkonen, J AF Landrum, PF Gossiaux, DC Kukkonen, J TI Sediment characteristics influencing the bioavailability of nonpolar organic contaminants to Diporeia spp. SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE PAH; PCB; sediment; bioavailability; Diporeia ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; TOXICOKINETICS; AMPHIPOD; PAH; ASSIMILATION; XENOBIOTICS; CARBON; PCB AB Organic carbon is considered the major variable affecting the bioavailability of non-polar, sediment-associated contaminants. Previously, variation in bioavailability for some Great Lakes sediments compared to a soil material was nearly a factor of 10 after carbon normalization. Because a soil might not truly represent sedimentary materials, sediments and soils were gathered from several locations in the United States, Canada, and Finland. The accumulation kinetics of the amphipod Diporeia spp, were measured for pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) sorbed to sediments and soils. The organic carbon content of the sediments ranged from 0.45-21.2% and 32.2-45.0% for soils. The bioavailability, measured as the uptake clearance (amount of source compartment cleared of contaminant per mass of organism per hour), was controlled by the amount of organic carbon, particularly for the chlorinated biphenyls. However, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bioavailability was controlled more by the organic carbon polarity represented by the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the sediment. PAH bioavailability increased as the ratio increased; thus, the more nonpolar the organic matter, the more available the compound. This polarity did not account for any of the chlorinated biphenyl bioavailability. The amount and type of mineral matrix of the sediment did not influence the bioavailability for either compound class. In addition, the amount of oxygen in the sediment was correlated with the bioavailability for BaP after carbon normalization. C1 UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,FIN-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 43 EP 55 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA YC184 UT WOS:A1997YC18400001 ER PT B AU Foecke, T vanHeerden, D AF Foecke, T vanHeerden, D BE Ma, E Fultz, B Shull, R Morral, J Nash, P TI Experimental observations of deformation mechanisms in metallic nanolaminates SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF NANOSTRUCTURES AND RELATED NON-EQUILIBRIUM MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Physics of Nanostructures and Related Non-Equilibrium Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Chem & Phys Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Thermodynam & Phase Equilibria Comm AB A series of experiments have been performed to examine the deformation and fracture mechanisms that operate in metallic nanolaminated systems. A brief review is made of theoretical and experimental work to dale on nanolaminated materials. TEM observations from the present study in deformed materials as well as observations from in situ TEM deformation experiments have confirmed the presence of several theoretically postulated deformation mechanisms. These include the generation and motion of 'Orowan' bows, an apparent Koehler image force strengthening effect, and direct observation of the effect of interfaces on the motion and arrangement of dislocations. C1 NIST, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-353-8 PY 1997 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BK35R UT WOS:000071896200021 ER PT B AU Davies, MA Burns, TJ Evans, CJ AF Davies, MA Burns, TJ Evans, CJ GP INT INST PROD ENGN RES INT INST PROD ENGN RES TI On the dynamics of chip formation in machining hard metals SO CIRP ANNALS 1997 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 46/1/1997: ANNALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PRODUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th General Assembly of CIRP - Manufacturing Technology CY AUG 24-30, 1997 CL TIANJIN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Inst Prod Engn Res, Tianjin Univ, Prod Engn Inst China, State Educ Commiss China, Minist Machinery Ind China, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, Tianjin Municipal Govt, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chiang Ind Char Fdn, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Hongkong DE cutting; chip formation; modelling AB The results of orthogonal cutting tests on electroplated nickel-phosphorus (15% phosphorus) and AISI 52100 bearing steel are presented and compared. For both materials, chips become segmented at relatively low cutting speeds (0.3 m/s to 2 m/s) due to the onset of an oscillation in the material Row that is manifested in the repetitive formation of localised shear bands. The average spacing between the shear bands increases monotonically with cutting speed and asymptotically approaches a limiting value that is determined by the cutting conditions and the properties of the material being art. The similarity in the behaviour of the two materials (which have significantly different microstructure) and the regularity of the shear band pattern observed in the chips provides strong evidence for a continuum mechanics model of the process. A simplified one-dimensional thermo-mechanical model of a continuous, homogeneous material being sheared by an impinging rigid wedge is developed to explain the observed behaviour. Numerical simulations of this model show that at low wedge speeds, material deformation reaches a thermomechanical equilibrium, in which material flow is homogenous and the stress, strain-rate and temperature fields reach a steady state behaviour that is constant in time (when viewed from a tool-fixed reference frame). As the wedge speed is increased, the stress, strain-rate and temperature fields become oscillatory, and the material Row becomes inhomogenous. As the speed of the wedge is increased further, the material shows repetitive shear localisation, with the distance between shear zones increasing montonically to some limiting value, as was observed in experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davies, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HALLWAG PUBLISHERS PI 3001 BERN PA NORDRING 4, 3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND BN 3-905-27727-1 PY 1997 VL 46 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BK45A UT WOS:000072194600006 ER PT B AU Vorburger, TV Dagata, JA Wilkening, G Iizuka, K Thwaite, EG Lonardo, P AF Vorburger, TV Dagata, JA Wilkening, G Iizuka, K Thwaite, EG Lonardo, P GP INT INST PROD ENGN RES INT INST PROD ENGN RES TI Industrial uses of STM and AFM SO CIRP ANNALS 1997 - MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 46/2/1997: ANNALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PRODUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th General Assembly of CIRP - Manufacturing Technology CY AUG 24-30, 1997 CL TIANJIN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Inst Prod Engn Res, Tianjin Univ, Prod Engn Inst China, State Educ Commiss China, Minist Machinery Ind China, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, Tianjin Municipal Govt, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chiang Ind Char Fdn, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Hongkong DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); scanning probe microscopy (SPM) AB We review the field of STM and AFM as applied to industrial problems, and we classify the applications into four classes: research with potential benefit to industry, research performed by industry, applications off-line in manufacturing, and applications on-line in manufacturing. We also discuss the role of metrology for certain applications and briefly review many other types of SPMs besides STM and AFM. We conclude by emphasizing ultra-precision positioning, nanofabrication, and biomedical applications as important future directions in the field. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HALLWAG PUBLISHERS PI 3001 BERN PA NORDRING 4, 3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND BN 3-905-27728-X PY 1997 BP 597 EP 620 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BK45B UT WOS:000072197400006 ER PT J AU Babushok, V Noto, T Burgess, DRF Hamins, A Tsang, W AF Babushok, V Noto, T Burgess, DRF Hamins, A Tsang, W TI Inhibitor influence on the bistability of a CSTR SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; METHANE AB Methane combustion in a continuously stirred flow tank reactor (CSTR) in the presence and absence of chemical inhibitors such as CF3I, CF3Br, CF3H, and a chemically inert gas witt high heat capacity is simulated with the CHEMKIN program. The aim of the work is to determine the differences in results arising from the use of the various inhibitors with the aim of establishing the capability of CSTR experiments to give a rank ordering of suppressant power. The chemical inhibitors have the general tendency to raise the steady-state temperature. A high heat capacity inert gas leads to the opposite effect. Only near extinction and self-ignition can one obtain a proper scale of flame suppression capability. The curves for combustion efficiency, (CO2/[CO + CO2]), near the extinction point lead to results where the data for the additives all fall within the envelope for stoichiometric methane/air combustion in the extinction region. For self-ignition, the transition from the mushroom to the isola form of the stability curves appears to be another property that is highly sensitive to suppression power. These observations may serve as a basis for testing inhibition capabilities. Copyright (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute RP Babushok, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 224,RM B 258,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00101-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA WA234 UT WOS:A1997WA23400005 ER PT J AU Buch, R Hamins, A Konishi, K Mattingly, D Kashiwagi, T AF Buch, R Hamins, A Konishi, K Mattingly, D Kashiwagi, T TI Radiative emission fraction of pool fires burning silicone fluids SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article AB The steady-state mass burning dux and the radiative Aux profiles to the surroundings were measured for a series of burning silicone fluids and organic fuels in 0.1-m, 0.3-m, 0.6-m and I-m pool burners. Short-chain silicone oligomers and aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons exhibited a strong dependence of the mass flux and the radiative fraction on pool size. The longer chain length silicone fluids and alcohols exhibited bath markedly lower mass fluxes and radiative components of heat release and these parameters were virtually independent of pool size. Silica, a gas-phase combustion product of the silicone fluids, was observed to deposit into the vaporizing liquid pool, the yield increasing with silicone chain length. This necessitated correcting the measured apparent mass flux for the liquid volume displaced by the silica. The measured radiative power emitted from dames burning silicone oligomers and hydrocarbons was substantially larger than the power radiated by dames burning long-chain silicone fluids of alcohols. The mass gasification dux and the radiative fraction of the silicones fluids and the organic fuels were well correlated by the ratio of the heat of combustion to the heat of gasification of the fluids. Copyright (C) 1997 by The Conclusion Institute C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00098-3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA WA234 UT WOS:A1997WA23400009 ER PT J AU Marinov, NM Castaldi, MJ Melius, CF Tsang, W AF Marinov, NM Castaldi, MJ Melius, CF Tsang, W TI Aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in a premixed propane flame SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE air toxics; aromatics; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; premixed flames ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; BOND-DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; RADICAL REACTIONS; URBAN SOURCES; SHOCK-TUBE; NEW-JERSEY; PYROLYSIS; OXIDATION AB Experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modeling has been performed to investigate aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation pathways in a premixed, rich,sooting, propane-oxygen-argon burner stabilized flame. An atmospheric pressure, laminar Rat flame operated at an equivalence ratio of 2.6 was used to acquire experimental data for model validation. Gas composition analysis was conducted by an on-line gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) technique. Measurements were made in the main reaction and post-reaction zones for a number of low molecular weight species, aliphatics, aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging from two to five-fused aromatic rings. Reaction flux and sensitivity analysis were used to help identify the important reaction sequences leading to aromatic and PAH growth and destruction in the propane flame. Benzene formation was shown to be dominated by the propargyl recombination reaction. A secondary benzene formation pathway occurred from the reaction sequence of allyl plus propargyl leading to fulvene and H-atoms whereupon the fulvene is converted to benzene by H-atom catalysis. Large negative sensitivity coefficients were calculated for the H2CCCH + H <----> C3H2 + H-2 reaction in the propargyl, benzene, and naphthalene sensitivity analysis study. This result implicates propargyl consumption by H-atoms as an important reaction step that limits aromatic and PAH growth. Naphthalene formation through the reaction step of cyclopentadienyl self-combination and phenanthrene formation from indenyl and cyclopentadienyl combination were shown to be plausible global reaction steps for PAH production. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marinov, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 106 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 36 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 128 IS 1-6 BP 295 EP 342 DI 10.1080/00102209708935714 PG 48 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YT473 UT WOS:000071607400013 ER PT J AU Smyth, KC Bryner, NP AF Smyth, KC Bryner, NP TI Short-duration autoignition temperature measurements for hydrocarbon fuels near heated metal surfaces SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoignition; hydrocarbon fuels; metal surfaces; nickel; premixed conditions; stainless steel; titanium ID BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOWS; HYDROXYL RADICAL MEASUREMENTS; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; AIR MIXTURES; IGNITION; OXIDATION; METHANE AB An apparatus has been designed, built, and extensively tested For making short-duration autoignition temperature measurements of hydrocarbon fuels under atmospheric pressure conditions where the fuel/air stoichiometry, the nature of the hot metal surface, and the contact time between the fuel/air mixture and the heated surface are well controlled. This approach provides a much more reliable database to establish the importance of fuel structure and surface effects on measured autoignition temperatures than the current ASTM E659 procedure, which involves variable ignition delay times and unspecified stoichiometries for ignition in a heated glass flask. Two series of tests have been conducted: (1) over 1100 individual autoignition temperature determinations for the ignition of 15 hydrocarbon fuels containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms on heated nickel, stainless steel, and titanium surfaces for three different stoichiometries (phi = 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3); and (2) similar to 190 determinations for 10 linear and branched alkanes on heated nickel for stoichiometric conditions. Excellent repeatability has been achieved within a given series of measurements, and good replicate values have been obtained for data collected on Separate days. Autoignition temperatures measured under short-contact time conditions are much higher (by typically 500 K or more) than found in most prior investigations, where exposure times were longer and test conditions less well controlled. The autoignition temperatures generally decrease for the larger hydrocarbons and for richer mixtures, although the C-2 hydrocarbons (ethane, ethylene and acetylene) have particularly low values. The highest autoignition temperatures are observed for nickel surfaces and the lowest for stainless steel, with titanium being an intermediate case. Overall, the different metal sufaces exhibit a moderate influence on the observed autoignition temperatures. Prior experimental and modeling investigations indicate that the branched alkanes should be more resistant to autoignition than the linear isomers, and thus present a reduced hazard. Data obtained in the present study are consistent with this prediction, although the differences in measured autoignition temperatures are typically less than 100 K for isomers containing the same number of carbon atoms. RP Smyth, KC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 126 IS 1-6 BP 225 EP 253 DI 10.1080/00102209708935675 PG 29 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YE864 UT WOS:A1997YE86400010 ER PT S AU Baker, DN AF Baker, DN BE Ip, WH TI Clementine particle measurements in lunar orbit SO COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE MOON AND MERCURY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B on Comparative Studies of the Moon and Mercury, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union AB The Charge Particle Telescope (CPT) onboard the Clementine spacecraft measured the fluxes of energetic electrons and protons in near-Earth space during solar energetic particle events and magnetospheric disturbances. Protons in the energy range from 10 MeV to 80 MeV were of greatest interest for radiation effects such as total dose and single event upsets. CPT data were particularly useful in multi-spacecraft studies of interplanetary disturbances and their effects on the magnetosphere. The proton channels on the CPT provided measurements of solar energetic protons associated with the passage of an interplanetary shock at 0902 UT on 21 February 1994. The data provide good information concerning the shock passage timing and the energetic proton energy spectrum. Results are compared with those from GOES-7, SAMPEX, and GEOTAIL. The lower energy CPT electron channels (25-500 keV) were also of interest for magnetospheric studies. Although there was a significant solar interference problem, the CPT provided opportunities to observe energetic electron bursts during both magnetic storms and magnetospheric substorms. (C) 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), NOAA, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043287-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1997 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1591 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00372-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ16F UT WOS:A1997BJ16F00013 ER PT B AU Kuhn, DR AF Kuhn, DR GP IEEE TI Evolving directions in formal methods SO COMPASS '97 - ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS COMPUTER ASSURANCE? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS 97) - Are We Making Progress Towards Computer Assurance CY JUN 16-19, 1997 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Arca Syst Inc, BDM, City Univ London, Comp Associates, FDA, IEEE, Intermetrics Inc, Logicon Inc, Mitretek, Mitre Corp, NIST, USN, Naval Res Lab, Reliable Software Technol Corp, TRW Govt Informat Serv Div, Trusted Informat Syst, TRW GISD, Univ Illinois Springfield HO NIST AB Formal methods have demonstrated their effectiveness in a number of application areas, but are still not widely used in the computing industry. Advances in theorem proving tools, particularly those combining model checking with traditional interactive proof techniques are reducing the cost of formal techniques. Although traditionally used for analyzing the correctness of specifications against requirements (and to a lesser extent the correctness of source code), formal methods can help reduce the cost of test generation, making formal methods more cost effective. RP Kuhn, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3980-0 PY 1997 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ29D UT WOS:A1997BJ29D00017 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Parnas, RS AF Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Parnas, RS TI A mid-infrared attenuated total internal reflection cure sensor for control of resin transfer moulding of a pre-ceramic polymer SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; attenuated total internal reflection; cure sensor; resin transfer moulding, pre-ceramic polymer; silicone AB An attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) mid-infra red (m.i.r.) sensor has been constructed and interfaced with a resin transfer moulding (RTM) system to monitor the progression of chemical reactions during processing. Software, resident on the microcomputer used to control the Fourier transform infrared (FT-i.r.) spectrometer, automatically collects the spectra and converts the m.i.r. spectra to a single number indicative of the 'degree of cure'. This index is then sent to the process control computer. Programmable cure is achieved by using the 'degree of cure' signal from the FT-i.r. in a model-based feedback cure controller cascaded to the base-level temperature controller. Thus, the cure cycle is expressed as a cure history, not as a temperature history as is typical in composites processing. Cure control was simulated to test the effectiveness of the control algorithm. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST,QUINCE ORCHARD & CLOPPER RD,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(97)89637-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WC719 UT WOS:A1997WC71900007 ER PT J AU Nyden, MR Gilman, JW AF Nyden, MR Gilman, JW TI Molecular dynamics simulations of the thermal degradation of nano-confined polypropylene SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulations; thermal degradation; polymer nanocomposites AB Molecular dynamics simulations of the thermal degradation of polymer nanocomposites were performed in an attempt to explain the reduction in the flammability of these materials, as compared to the pure polymer, that has been observed in experimental measurements. The relative thermal stabilities of a series of polypropylene/graphite layered nanocomposites were assessed by comparing the rates of mass loss from model polymers as a function of the distance of separation between the graphite sheets. The effect of the interactions with the graphite was separated from the effect of nano-confinement of the polymer by comparing the results obtained from simulations where the nonbonding interactions between the polymer and the graphite were turned on to the corresponding values obtained when these interactions were turned off. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(98)00005-1 PN 1 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ZZ274 UT WOS:000074713000010 ER PT B AU Horst, J Messina, E Kramer, T Huang, HM AF Horst, J Messina, E Kramer, T Huang, HM BE Boullart, L Loccufier, M Mattsson, SE TI Precise definition of software component specifications SO COMPUTER AIDED CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN (CACSD'97) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IFAC Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design CY APR 28-30, 1997 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Int Federat Automat Control DE components; computer vision; formal languages; formal specification; software engineering; software metrics; software performance; software specification; software tools AB A set of generic specification categories is presented which can be used to comprehensively define any software component within a certain class. With these categories as a template, a specific set of formal specifications can be generated for each component. Specifications for a particular component (an algorithm that estimates the position and orientation of a physical object using visual sensing) have been defined in EXPRESS, an information modeling language. A few example natural language specifications are presented for this particular component. RP Horst, J (reprint author), NIST,INTELLIGENT SYST DIV,BLDG 220 RM B-124,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042383-3 PY 1997 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJ75T UT WOS:A1997BJ75T00024 ER PT J AU Regli, WC Gupta, SK Nau, DS AF Regli, WC Gupta, SK Nau, DS TI Towards multiprocessor feature recognition SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE distributed computing; feature-based modelling; feature recognition; multiprocessor solid modelling ID BOUNDARY REPRESENTATIONS; SOLID MODELS; EXTRACTION AB The availability of low-cost computational power is enabling the development of increasingly sophisticated CAD software. Automation of design and manufacturing activities poses many difficult computational problems-significant among them is how to develop interactive systems that enable designers to explore and experiment with alternative ideas. As more downstream manufacturing activities are considered during the design phase, computational costs become problematic. Creating working software-based solutions requires a sophisticated allocation of computational resources in order to perform realistic design analyses and generate feedback. This paper presents our initial efforts to employ multiprocessor algorithms to recognize machining features from solid models of parts with large numbers of features and many geometric and topological entities. Our goal is to outline how improvements in computation time can be obtained by migrating existing software tools to multiprocessor architectures. An implementation of our approach is discussed. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,INST ROBOT,RAPID MFG LAB,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV MARYLAND,INST ADV COMP STUDIES,DEPT COMP SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,SYST RES INST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Regli, WC (reprint author), NIST,MFG SYST INTEGRAT DIV,BLDG 220,ROOM A-127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0010-4485(96)00047-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WD190 UT WOS:A1997WD19000003 ER PT B AU Franaszek, M Frey, MR Simiu, E AF Franaszek, M Frey, MR Simiu, E BE Chernousko, FL Fradkov, AL TI Control of exits from a safe region: a stochastic Melnikov approach SO CONTROL OF OSCILLATIONS AND CHAOS - 1997 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Control of Oscillations and Chaos CY AUG 27-29, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech Engn, St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg Informat & Control Soc, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Sci Soc Control Syst & Proc, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB For a wide class of stochastically excited multistable systems the Melnikov necessary condition for chaos contains information on the effectiveness of the various frequency components of the excitation in inducing exits from a potential well. This information can be used to develop an open-loop control procedure aimed at reducing the system's exit rate. The Melnikov approach is based on a first-order approximation and is in principle applicable only for small perturbations. Nevertheless, results of simulations show that it is valid qualitatively even if the excitations are relatively large. We test the effectiveness of the proposed control procedure, and briefly review the use of the phase space flux factor to assess or design the control systems. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4247-X PY 1997 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ65Q UT WOS:A1997BJ65Q00160 ER PT S AU Dryer, M Andrews, MD Aurass, H DeForest, C Karlicky, M Kiplinger, A Klassen, A Meisner, R Ipavich, FM Galvin, AB Paswaters, SE Smith, Z Tappin, SJ Thompson, BJ Watari, SI Michels, DJ Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Lamy, P Mann, G Arzner, K Schwenn, R AF Dryer, M Andrews, MD Aurass, H DeForest, C Karlicky, M Kiplinger, A Klassen, A Meisner, R Ipavich, FM Galvin, AB Paswaters, SE Smith, Z Tappin, SJ Thompson, BJ Watari, SI Michels, DJ Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Lamy, P Mann, G Arzner, K Schwenn, R BE Wilson, A TI The solar minimum X2.6/1B flare and CME of 9 July 1996. PART II: Propagation SO CORONA AND SOLAR WIND NEAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY - FIFTH SOHO WORKSHOP SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SOHO Workshop on the Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity CY JUN 17-20, 1997 CL UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, OSLO, NORWAY SP European Space Agcy, Univ Oslo, Norges Forskningsrad, NASA, Norwegian Space Ctr, Res Council Norway, SCOSTEP HO UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS AB Part II of a two-part paper considers the interplanetary propagation aspects of the first X-class flare (9 July 1996, 0911 UT, S10 W30) in nearly four years. The solar data relevant to this event are discussed in Part I by Andrews et al. (this proceedings). Radio observations from Tremsdorf-Potsdam show a Type II shock propagating through the corona at about 485 km/s. An operational interplanetary propagation model (STOA=Shock Time Of Arrival) was used to predict, in real-time, its arrival at Earth at 1138 UT on 12 July 1996. WIND and CELIAS data show solar wind plasma and IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) disturbances early on 12 July 1996, followed by a mild, high latitude geomagnetic storm, roughly coincident with the model prediction. We note that: (i) the "big" CME's extrapolation back to the flare time (see Part I) is strongly suggestive of a close association; and (ii) its speed is similar to the Type II shock's speed (as suggested by numerical simulations). Therefore, we suggest that the CME is intimately related to the shock which, following deceleration within the interplanetary medium, arrives at WIND and SOHO as predicted by the STOA model. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dryer, M (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Karlicky, Marian/G-9023-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-299-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 404 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK11J UT WOS:000071215200051 ER PT S AU Reid, GC AF Reid, GC BE Lastovicka, J Rees, D Ward, WE TI The nucleation and growth of ice particles in the upper mesosphere SO COUPLING AND ENERGETICS IN THE STRATOSPHERE-MESOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium C1.1 on Coupling and Energetics in the Coupled Stratosphere-Mesosphere-Thermosphere-Ionosphere System at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Int Union Radio Sci, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys ID SUMMER POLAR MESOPAUSE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; DUST PARTICLES; ECHOES; RADAR; TEMPERATURES; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN; LIDAR AB The highest clouds and the coldest temperatures in the Earth's atmosphere exist in the region of the summer mesopause at high latitudes. The presence of ice particles in the region leads to several unique phenomena, including sharply bounded layers in which electrons, and occasionally positive ions, are severely depleted ("biteouts"), and intense radar echoes. This paper reviews some of the recent advances in our understanding of the ways in which these ice particles form and grow. Nucleation can occur on heavy positive ions, but the smoke and dust particles resulting from meteor ablation are more likely condensation nuclei. Ice particles probably form mainly near the mesopause and grow as they sediment downward, but the presence of strong horizontal and vertical winds in the region complicate this simple picture. While biteouts are now generally recognized as being due to scavenging of electrons by particles, the reasons for their existence in narrow sharply bounded layers remain unclear. While the subvisible ice particles are likely to be negatively charged under normal conditions, it is pointed out that under conditions of low ionization in the region, negatively and positively charged particles probably exist in roughly equal numbers, leading to the possibility of enhanced growth by coagulation of oppositely charged particles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reid, GC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043303-0 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1291 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00788-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK15K UT WOS:000071357200034 ER PT B AU Kuriyama, T Kuriyama, F Lewis, M Radebaugh, R AF Kuriyama, T Kuriyama, F Lewis, M Radebaugh, R BE Ross, RG TI Measurement of heat conduction through stacked screens SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB This paper describes the experimental apparatus for the measurement of heat conduction through stacked screens as well as some experimental results taken with this apparatus. Screens are stacked in a fiberglass-epoxy cylinder, which is 24.4 mm in diameter and 55 mm in length. The cold end of the stacked screens is cooled by a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler at cryogenic temperature and the hot end is kept at room temperature. Heat conduction flow is estimated from the temperature gradient in a calibrated heat now sensor mounted between the cold end of the stacked screens and the GM cryocooler cooling stage. The sample used for these measurements consisted of 400 mesh stainless steel screens with an overall porosity of 66.7 %. The experimental results showed that the helium gas between each screen enhanced the heat conduction through the stacked screens by several orders of magnitude compared to that in vacuum. The conduction degradation factor, which is the ratio of actual heat conduction and heat conduction where the regenerator material is assumed to be a bulk, was about 0.1. This factor was almost constant for the temperature range between 40 K and 80 K at the cold end. RP Kuriyama, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00053 ER PT B AU Chuang, TJ Nguyen, T AF Chuang, TJ Nguyen, T BE Rossmanith, HP TI A non-osmotic blister growth model in coating systems SO DAMAGE AND FAILURE OF INTERFACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Damage and Failure of Interfaces CY SEP 22-24, 1997 CL VIENNA UNIV TECHNOL, VIENNA, AUSTRIA HO VIENNA UNIV TECHNOL AB A blister growth model is proposed for a coating system consisted of a polymer film applied to a steel substrate exposed to salt solutions. The blister is considered to grow at a constant rate between the coating and the rigid steel substrate. The mechanism of the blister formation is based on corrosion-induced disbondment of the coating at the defect periphery coupled with the stress driven diffusive transport of liquid along the coating/substrate interface at the delamination front. The driving force leading to blister growth is the applied bending moment induced by the in-plane compressive stress of the swelling "buckled" film. By considering the coating as a semi-double cantilever beam loaded by a moment at the periphery, and a distributed load along the beam length due to mass transport, a fifth order ordinary differential equation is derived for the beam "deflection", and the solution is obtained which yields the functional relationship between the blister growth rate and applied bending moment. The predicted blister growth velocity compared favorably with experimental observations on a paint coated steel panel immersed in a 5% salt water solution. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chuang, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-899-1 PY 1997 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BK78K UT WOS:000073379700022 ER PT B AU Jin, M Fread, DL AF Jin, M Fread, DL BE Chen, CL TI One-dimensional routing of mud/debris flows using NWS FLDWAV model SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation - Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment CY AUG 07-09, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Comm Hydromech, Subcomm Mech Non-Newtonian Fluids Appl Debris & Mudflows, Tech Comm Sedimentat Water Resources Engn Div Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB A one-dimensional unsteady mud/debris flow modeling technique is being incorporated into the National Weather Service (NWS) FLDWAV dynamic flood routing model enhancing its capability to model unsteady flows of non-Newtonian fluids. This technique involves determining the friction slope of mud/debris flows based on a semi-empirical rheological power-law equation and a wave-front tracking technique. Three similar techniques are compared for model performance on three real-case mud/debris flow simulations and with some model sensitivity studies. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jin, M (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0268-X PY 1997 BP 687 EP 696 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM47R UT WOS:000078856200067 ER PT J AU Foley, DG Dickey, TD McPhaden, MJ Bidigare, RR Lewis, MR Barber, RT Lindley, ST Garside, C Manov, DV McNeil, JD AF Foley, DG Dickey, TD McPhaden, MJ Bidigare, RR Lewis, MR Barber, RT Lindley, ST Garside, C Manov, DV McNeil, JD TI Longwaves and primary productivity variations in the equatorial Pacific at O degrees, 140 degrees W SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; SARGASSO SEA; UPPER OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; VERTICAL VELOCITY; IRON HYPOTHESIS; TIME-SERIES; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC AB High temporal resolution measurements of physical and bio-optical variables were made in the upper ocean using a mooring located at 0 degrees, 140 degrees W from 9 February 1992 to 15 March 1993 as part of the equatorial Pacific Ocean (EqPac) study. Chlorophyll and primary productivity time-series records were generated using the mooring data. Primary productivity varied by about 50% around the mean on time scales of weeks and by over a factor of four within our observational period. The mooring observations encompassed both El Nino and cool conditions. Kelvin waves were evident during the El Nino phase, and tropical instability waves (TIWs) were dominant during the cool phase. The two extreme conditions also were observed concurrently with complementary ship-based measurements. In addition, bio-optical drifters provided simultaneous spatial data concerning net phytoplankton growth rates during passage of a TIW. The collective data sets have been used to examine the causes of the observed variability in phytoplankton biomass and productivity. Our joint results and analyses appear to support the hypothesis that the vertical transport of iron into the upper layer and primary production rates are modulated by variability of the depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent and by equatorial longwaves. In particular, our results are consonant with the suggestion of Barber el al. (1996) that passage of a TIW may be considered to be a natural analog of a small iron enrichment experiment. Predicting primary productivity and, thus, carbon flux in the equatorial Pacific requires continuous, long-term observations of a few physical, biological, and optical properties that can be used to parameterize the biological variability. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Foley, DG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; NR 92 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 1801 EP + DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00080-5 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZT582 UT WOS:000074102300004 ER PT J AU Archer, D Aiken, J Balch, W Barber, D Dunne, J Flament, P Gardner, W Garside, C Goyet, C Johnson, E Kirchman, D McPhaden, M Newton, J Peltzer, E Welling, L White, J Yoder, J AF Archer, D Aiken, J Balch, W Barber, D Dunne, J Flament, P Gardner, W Garside, C Goyet, C Johnson, E Kirchman, D McPhaden, M Newton, J Peltzer, E Welling, L White, J Yoder, J TI A meeting place of great ocean currents: shipboard observations of a convergent front at 2 degrees N in the Pacific SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TROPICAL PACIFIC; RATES; MATS AB We present a synthesis of physical, chemical and biological shipboard observations of a convergent front at 2 degrees N, 140 degrees W and its surrounding environment. The front was a component of a tropical instability wave generated by shear between westward-flowing equatorial waters to the south and warmer equatorial counter current water to the north. Surface waters on the cold side were undersaturated with oxygen, which suggests that the water had only been exposed at the sea surface for a period of a few weeks. Although the atmospheric exposure time was short, the effects of biological activity could be detected in enhanced concentrations of total (dissolved plus suspended particulate) organic carbon concentration, proving that TOC can be produced quickly in response to changing environmental conditions. The front itself was dominated by the accumulation of a "patch" of buoyant diatoms Rhizosolenia castracanei concentrated in the top centimeters of the warm surface water north of the front, and elevated chlorophyll concentrations were observed from the air over a spatial scale of order 10-20 km northward from the front. The nitrogen budget and thorium data suggest that a significant fraction of the elevated POC, and virtually all of the PON, arrived in the patch waters as imported particles rather than in situ photosynthesis. Photosynthetic uptake of carbon appears to have occurred in patch waters, but without corresponding uptake of fixed nitrogen (an uncoupling of the usual Redfield stoichiometry). Solute chemistry of the patch appears to be controlled by turbulent mixing, which flushes out patch waters on a time scale of days (faster than atmospheric ventilation). The subduction of nutrient-rich equatorial surface water below the front was detected 100 km north of the front in the signatures of temperature, salinity and ammonium. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Chem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. People Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Archer, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Gardner, Wilford/E-2579-2012; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Archer, David/K-7371-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Archer, David/0000-0002-4523-7912; NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 1827 EP 1849 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00031-3 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZT582 UT WOS:000074102300005 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Goyet, C Archer, DE Takahashi, T AF Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Goyet, C Archer, DE Takahashi, T TI Variability of CO2 distributions and sea-air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991-1994 El Nino SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION EVENT; SURFACE PARTIAL-PRESSURE; JANUARY-MARCH 1991; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; SATELLITE; EXCHANGE; BUDGET AB As part of the U.S. JGOFS Program and the NOAA Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES), measurements of CO2 partial pressure were made in the atmosphere and in the surface waters of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the boreal spring and autumn of 1992, the spring of 1993, and the spring and autumn of 1994. Surface-water pCO(2) data indicate significant diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations. The largest variations were associated with the 1991-1994 ENSO event, which reached maximum intensity in the spring of 1992. The lower values of surface-water Delta pCO(2) observed during the 1991-1994 ENSO period were the result of the combined effects of both remotely and locally forced physical processes. The warm pool, which reached a maximum eastward extent in January-February of 1992, began in September of 1991 as a series of westerly wind events lasting about 30 days. Each wind event initialed an eastward-propagating Kelvin wave which caused a deepening of the thermocline. By the end of January 1992 the thermocline was at its maximum depth, so that the upwelled water was warm and CO2-depleted. In April of the same year, the local winds were weaker than normal, and the upwelling was from shallow depths. These changes resulted in a lower-than-normal CO2 flux to the atmosphere. The results show that for the one-year period from the fall of 1991 until the fall of 1992, approximately 0.3 GtC were released to the atmosphere; 0.6 GtC were released in 1993, and 0.7 GtC in 1994, in good agreement with the model results of Ciais et al. [Science, 269, 1098-1102; J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5051-5070]. The net reduction of the ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux during the 1991-1994 El Nino was on the order of 0.8-1.2 GtC. Thus, the total amount of CO2 sequestered in the equatorial oceans during the prolonged 1991-1994 El Nino period was about 25% higher than the severe El Nino of 1982-1983. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Archer, David/K-7371-2012 OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4523-7912 NR 51 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 1851 EP + DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00061-1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZT582 UT WOS:000074102300006 ER PT J AU Loukos, H Frost, B Harrison, DE Murray, JW AF Loukos, H Frost, B Harrison, DE Murray, JW TI An ecosystem model with iron limitation of primary production in the equatorial Pacific at 140 degrees W SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; TROPICAL PACIFIC; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; CIRCULATION MODEL; LIMITED ECOSYSTEM; MICROBIAL LOOP; EXPORT FLUX; UPPER OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON AB We construct a one-dimensional ecosystem model (nitrate, ammonium, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus) with simple physics and biology in order to focus on the structural relations and intrinsic properties of the food web that characterizes the biological regime in the central equatorial Pacific at 140 degrees W. When possible, data collected during the EqPac and other cruises were used to calibrate model parameters for two simulations that differ in the limiting nutrient, i.e. nitrogen or iron. Both simulations show annual results in good agreement with the data, but phytoplankton biomass and primary production show a more pronounced annual variability when iron is used as the limiting nutrient. This more realistically reproduces the variability of biological production and illustrates the greater coupling between vertical physical processes and biological production when the limiting nutrient is iron rather than nitrogen. The iron simulation also illustrates how iron supply controls primary production variability, how grazing balances primary production and controls phytoplankton biomass, and how both iron supply and grazing control primary production. These results suggest that it is not possible to capture primary production variability in the central equatorial Pacific with biological models using nitrogen as the limiting nutrient. Other indirect results of this modeling study were: (1) partitioning of export production between dissolved and particulate matter is almost equal, suggesting that the importance of DOC export may have been previously overestimated; (2) lateral export of live biomass has to be taken into account in order to balance the nitrogen budget on the equator at 140 degrees W; and (3) preferential uptake of ammonium (i.e. nitrate uptake inhibition by ammonium) associated with high regeneration of nitrogen (low f ratio as a consequence of the food web structure imposed by iron limitation) largely accounts for the surface build-up of upwelled nitrate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Loukos, H (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; OI Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964 NR 86 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 2221 EP 2249 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00059-3 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZT582 UT WOS:000074102300022 ER PT B AU Warren, JA Boettinger, WJ Roosen, AR AF Warren, JA Boettinger, WJ Roosen, AR BE Mahidhara, RK Frear, DR Sastry, SML Murty, KL Liaw, PK Winterbottom, WL TI Modeling reactive wetting SO DESIGN & RELIABILITY OF SOLDERS AND SOLDER INTERCONNECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Reliability of Solders and Solder Interconnections, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, ASM MSD Flow & Fracture Comm, TMS SMD Mech Met Comm, TMS EMPMD Electr Magnet Photon Mat Comm AB When a liquid alloy spreads on a metal substrate, interdiffusion may result in partial melting of the substrate and/or formation of intermetallic phases. We investigate the former case and describe the evolution of the shape of the interface between the liquid alloy and the substrate. An approximate (one-dimensional) diffusion analysis is performed for a drop whose height is much smaller than its width. The coupling between the melting process and the rate of advance of the triple junction is explored. Numerical solution of the governing equation are performed for Bi-Sn alloys spreading on a Bi substrate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Warren, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-354-6 PY 1997 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK32Q UT WOS:000071821500020 ER PT B AU Warren, JA Handwerker, CA AF Warren, JA Handwerker, CA BE Mahidhara, RK Frear, DR Sastry, SML Murty, KL Liaw, PK Winterbottom, WL TI The NIST Solder Interconnect Design Team program SO DESIGN & RELIABILITY OF SOLDERS AND SOLDER INTERCONNECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Reliability of Solders and Solder Interconnections, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, ASM MSD Flow & Fracture Comm, TMS SMD Mech Met Comm, TMS EMPMD Electr Magnet Photon Mat Comm AB The NIST Solder Interconnect Design Team, with support from NIST's Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science, has been formed to address several pressing issues in the design and fabrication of circuit boards. Having met frequently over the past three years, in partnership with both academic and industrial researchers, the Team has established an agenda for solving modeling problems concerning equilibrium solder joint shape, and the consequential thermal and mechanical properties of the formed joint. Our ultimate goal is to provide the industrial community with a suite of useful software tools for solder interconnect design, and to provide solved test problems (available electronically on the World Wide Web). These test problems can be modified to suit the needs of the particular user. With this in mind we are actively supporting the development of software that will interface the the public domain program Surface Evolver, which has been shown to be quite capable at computing equilibrium solder meniscus shapes. C1 NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Warren, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-354-6 PY 1997 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK32Q UT WOS:000071821500033 ER PT B AU Garris, MD AF Garris, MD BE Vincent, LM Hull, JJ TI Component-based handprint segmentation using adaptive writing style model SO DOCUMENT RECOGNITION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Document Recognition IV CY FEB 12-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE connected components; handprint segmentation; optical character recognition; writer adaptation AB Building upon the utility of connected components, NIST has designed a new character segmentor based on statistically modeling the style of a person's handwriting. Simple spatial features (the thickness of the pen stroke and the height of the handwriting) capture the characteristics of a particular writer's style of handprint, enabling the new method to maintain a traditional character-level segmentation philosophy without the integration of recognition or the use of oversegmentation and linguistic postprocessing. Estimates for stroke width and character height are used to compute aspect ratio and standard stroke count features that adapt to the writer's style at the field level. The new method has been developed with a predetermined set of fuzzy rules making the segmentor much less fragile and much more adaptive, and the new method successfully reconstructs fragmented characters as well as splits touching characters. The new segmentor was integrated into the NIST public domain Form-Based Handprint Recognition System and then tested on a set of 490 Handwriting Sample Forms found in NIST Special Database 19. When compared to a simple component-based segmentor, the new adaptable method improved the overall recognition of handprinted digits by 3.4% and field level recognition by 6.9%, while effectively reducing deletion errors by 82%. The same program code and set of parameters successfully segments sequences of uppercase and lowercase characters without any context-based tuning. While not as dramatic as digits, the recognition of uppercase and lowercase characters improved by 1.7% and 1.3% respectively. The segmentor maintains a relatively straight-forward and logical process flow avoiding convolutions of encoded exceptions as is common in expert systems. As a result, the new segmentor operates very efficiently, and throughput as high as 362 characters per second can be achieved. Letters and numbers are constructed from a predetermined configuration of a relatively small number of strokes. Results in this paper show that capitalizing on this knowledge through the use of simple adaptable features can significantly improve segmentation, whereas recognition-based and oversegmentation methods fail to take advantage of these intrinsic qualities of handprinted characters. RP Garris, MD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 225,ROOM A216,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2438-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3027 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.270076 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH60X UT WOS:A1997BH60X00003 ER PT J AU Levin, BC AF Levin, BC TI New approaches to toxicity: A seven-gas predictive model and toxicant suppressants SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA ID COMBUSTION; POTENCY; FIRES; SMOKE AB Two new research approaches in combustion toxicology are: 1. the prediction of smoke toxicity from mathematical equations, which are empirically derived from, experiments on the toxicological interactions of complex fire gas mixtures and 2. the use of toxicant suppressants in materials or products to prevent the formation of toxic combustion products. The predictive approach consists of burning materials using a bench-scale method that simulates realistic fire conditions, measuring the concentrations of the primary fire gases -CO, CO2, low O-2, HCN, HCl, HBr, and NO2- and predicting the toxicity of the smoke using either the 6- or 7-gas N-Gas Model. These models are based on the results of toxicological studies of these primary gases as individual gases and as complex mixtures. The predicted toxic potency is checked with a small number of animal (Fischer 344 male rats) tests to assure that an unanticipated toxic gas is not generated or an unexpected synergistic or antagonistic effect has not occurred. The results indicate if the smoke from a material or product is extremely toxic (based on mass consumed at the predicted toxic level) or unusually toxic (based on the gases deemed responsible). The predictions based on bench-scale laboratory tests have been validated with full-scale room burns of a limited number of materials of widely differing characteristics chosen to challenge the system. The advantages of this new approach are 1. the number of test animals is minimized by predicting the toxic potency from the chemical analysis of the smoke, 2. smoke may be produced under conditions that simulate the fire scenario of concern, 3. fewer tests are needed, thereby reducing the overall cost of the testing and 4. information is obtained on both the toxic potency of the smoke and the responsible gases. The N-Gas Models have been developed into the N-Gas Method (described in this paper) and these results have been used in computations of fire hazard. The 6-Gas Model is now part of the international standard ISO 13344 approved by 16 member countries of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and is also included in the U.S. national standard ASTM E1678 approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). In addition, the 6-Gas Model is used in the American National Standard NFPA 269 - approved by the National Fire Protection Association (Quincy, MA). The second new research approach, toxicant suppressants, examines the potential of chemical compounds, which when added to a material, to inhibit or reduce the concentration of a specific toxic gas normally generated during the material's thermal decomposition. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) when HCN generation was reduced by 90% and the resultant toxicity of the combustion products was lowered by 50% when a flexible polyurethane foam (FPU) was treated with 0.1% (by weight) cuprous oxide (Cu2O). Copper and cupric oxide (CuO) also reduced the HCN generation but were not as efficient as Cu2O. Although melamine-treated FPU foams are being promoted as more fire safe than standard foams, a melamine-treated foam generated 10 times more HCN than a foam without melamine. The addition of Cu2O to this melamine foam also reduced the HCN generation by 90%. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.3109/01480549709003885 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300003 PM 9433656 ER PT J AU Fritz, AT Buchman, MF AF Fritz, AT Buchman, MF TI Coordinating activities between NOAA and other agencies SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)(1) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan(2) (NCP) mandate protection of public health, we(fare, and the environment at Superfund hazardous waste sites. The NCP requires lead: response agenciesto integrate baseline risk assessments into the remedial process that "assess threats to the environment." EPA policy statements(3) direct regional offices to perform thorough, consistent ecological risk assessments, and stress the importance of coordination and technical consultation with the natural resource trustees. As a Federal natural trustee, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) role and responsibilities within the CERCLA process also are defined and mandated by Federal law. NOAA is responsible for identifying sites in the coastal zone that may affect natural resources, evaluating injury to trust resources, and providing technical advice on assessments and remedial and restoration alternatives. Statutes require lead cleanup agencies and trustee agencies to notify and coordinate with each other during CERCLA response. Over the past ten years, NOAA has gained valuable experience and technical expertise in environmental assessments and in evaluating contaminated aquatic environments. NOAA fulfills its responsibilities through an effective network of Coastal Resource Coordinators (CRCs) who can rapidly respond to local technical requirements and priorities, and coordinate effectively with technical and trustee representatives. In addition to CRCs, an interdisciplinary support group provides technical expertise in the scientific disciplines required to respond to the needs of regional activities. NOAA provides CRCs to coastal EPA regional offices for technical support, and to act as liaisons with Federal and state natural resource trustee agencies. The CRCs help EPA and other lead response agencies identify and assess risks to coastal resources from hazardous waste sites and to develop cost-effective strategies to minimize those risks. Notification of trustees of potential natural resource injuries and coordination of subsequent investigations helps Federal and stare trustees to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Trustees' early involvement in the scoping of ecological risk assessments ensures that assessments and the entire remedial process adequately evaluate the risk to trust resources. Coordination throughout the process makes if easier to develop cost-effective and protective remedies that enhance the recovery of natural resources. Examples of NOAA's successful coordination and cooperative ecological risk assessments will be presented in briefcase studies for both EPA and Department of Defense (DOD) lead sites. C1 NOAA, Coastal Resources Coordinat Branch, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Buchman, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Resources Coordinat Branch, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.3109/01480549709003889 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300007 PM 9433660 ER PT J AU French, C Peters, W Maxwell, B Rice, G Colli, A Bullock, R Cole, J Heath, E Turner, J Hetes, B Brown, DC Goldin, D Behling, H Loomis, D Nelson, C AF French, C Peters, W Maxwell, B Rice, G Colli, A Bullock, R Cole, J Heath, E Turner, J Hetes, B Brown, DC Goldin, D Behling, H Loomis, D Nelson, C TI Assessment of health risks due to hazardous air pollutant emissions from electric utilities SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB Hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from electric utilities were evaluated. Cancer risks, as well as noncancer effects, due to inhalation exposure were assessed for 67 HAPs. Also, cancer risks due to multipathway exposure to radionuclide emissions were assessed. In addition, an assessment of the fate of mercury (Hg) through various environmental media was included. Results suggest arsenic, chromium, and nickel are the HAPs that present the highest cancer risk due to inhalation exposure. For noncancer effects due to inhalation exposure, hydrogen chloride appears to present the greatest potential concern. The risks due to multipathway exposure to radionuclides are estimated to be of similar magnitude to the risks posed by inhalation of arsenic and nickel. Mercury is of potential concern for multipathway exposures because it persists in the environment and bioaccumulates in the aquatic food web. The study suggests there is a plausible link between Hg emissions from utilities and the Hg found in soil, water, and freshwater fish. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. S Cohen & Associates Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP French, C (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop 15, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.3109/01480549709003894 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300012 PM 9433665 ER PT B AU Rao, CRN Chen, J Sullivan, JT Zhang, N Wang, W AF Rao, CRN Chen, J Sullivan, JT Zhang, N Wang, W BE Barnes, WL TI Vicarious calibration of meteorological satellite sensors in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Earth Observing Systems II Conference CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AVHRR; calibration; radiometer; vicarious calibration; meteorological satellite sensor AB The basic physical principles underlying three common techniques for the vicarious calibration of the post-launch performance of meteorological satellite sensors are briefly reviewed. The techniques considered are: (a) using ''radiometrically stable'' desert calibration targets which yield relative degradation rates; (b) congruent path aircraft/satellite radiance measurements which yield absolute calibrations; and (C) radiative transfer model simulation methods which yield absolute calibrations. The applications of the three techniques will be illustrated, using the visible( Channel 1: approximate to 0.58-0.68 mu m) and near-infrared( Channel 2: approximate to 0.72-1.1 mu m) channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) flown on the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites(POES) as an example. The establishment of inter-satellite calibration linkages, and cross-satellite sensor calibration will be briefly mentioned. RP Rao, CRN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,OFF RES & APPLICAT,CLIMATE RES & APPLICAT DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2539-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3117 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.1117/12.283816 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ67N UT WOS:A1997BJ67N00034 ER PT B AU Ramsay, BH AF Ramsay, BH BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID SSM/I MEASUREMENTS; COVER AB The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping system (LMS) was developed to give snow and ice analysts the tools, on one platform, to visually inspect imagery and mapped data from various sensor sources to determine the presence of snow and ice and to depict snow and ice covered areas on a map on a daily basis, in one hour or less. Snow and ice analysts in the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service have been creating weekly maps showing the extent of snow cover for the Northern Hemisphere since 1966 using visible imagery from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites and surface observations as data sources. The current process is mostly manual and time consuming, taking up to 10 hours to produce a map during the snow season. Where cloud cover precludes an unobstructed view of an area during the entire week, the analysis from the previous week is carried forward. Each week the analyst draws a new map by hand, then digitizes the extent of snow and ice cover using an 89 x 89 line grid overlaid on a stereographic map of the Northern Hemisphere. The hand drawn map is photocopied and distributed and the digitized map is saved to a file for use in National Weather Service numerical models and for archival storage. IMS was designed and built to replace and improve this process by producing a more accurate, timely product. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ramsay, BH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Sci, E-SP22,Room 510,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM bramsay@nesdis.noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 198 EP 209 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000020 ER PT B AU Cline, D Elder, K Bales, R AF Cline, D Elder, K Bales, R BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Scale effects in a distributed SWE and snowmelt model for mountain basins SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab AB We present results of an investigation into the effect of increasing spatial and temporal resolutions on modeled distributions of SWE and snowmelt in the Emerald Lake Watershed of the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S.A. We used a coupled remote sensing/distributed energy balance snowmelt model (SNODIS), and used previously validated results from a high spatial (30-m) and temporal (hourly) resolution model run in ELW as a control. We selected spatial resolutions that are commensurate with standard product DEMs or with existing or planned satellite remote sensing data, and temporal resolutions that are factors of typical operational intervals for meteorological data. We degraded the spatial resolution of the DEM from 30 m to 90, 250, and 500 m prior to computing the distributed micrometeorological data. We degraded the classified remote sensing data to the same spatial resolutions prior to computing the duration of the snowcover. Similarly, we degraded the temporal resolution of the micrometeorological data from 1 hour to 3 and 6 hours prior to computing the distributed energy balance and snowmelt. We compared mean basin SWE, basin snowpack water volume, and the spatial patterns of SWE from each test to our previous, high-resolution results. We found no significant differences between the mean basin-wide SWE computed from the 250-m and 500-m spatial resolutions and that of our high-resolution control, regardless of temporal resolution. At each temporal resolution mean basin SWE was over-estimated at the 90-m resolution by 14-17%. Coarsening of the spatial resolution did result in a loss of explicit information regarding the location of SWE in the basin, as expected. We discuss these results in terms of their implications for applying the SNODIS model to larger regions. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Hydrol, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cline, D (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Hydrol, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000032 ER PT B AU Williams, DF Janezic, MD Ralston, ARK List, RS AF Williams, DF Janezic, MD Ralston, ARK List, RS GP IEEE TI Quasi-TEM model for coplanar waveguide on silicon SO ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB This paper compares a simple quasi-TEM model for coplanar waveguide fabricated on moderately doped silicon substrates to measurement. While the coplanar waveguide currents and magnetic fields are unaffected by the substrate, a simple capacitive model can accurately account for the effects of the substrate. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4203-8 PY 1997 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1109/EPEP.1997.634076 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ93U UT WOS:A1997BJ93U00051 ER PT S AU Moffat, TP AF Moffat, TP BE Andricacos, PC Corcoram, SG Delplancke, JL Moffat, TP Searson, PC TI STM study of the influence of adsorption on step dynamics SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Synthesis and Modification of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In situ STM has been used to examine the influence of anion adsorption and metal underpotential deposition on the structure and dynamics of steps on copper surfaces. Chloride is shown to form potential dependent adlayer structures on Cu(100) and Cu(111) which strongly affects the orientation of the surface steps. The adlayer acts as a template guiding step evolution during metal deposition and dissolution. Metal underpotential deposition (upd) exhibits similar effects on step structure. This is demonstrated for Pb upd on Cu(111). In this instance the Pb monolayer displaces chloride from the surface and leads to a reorientation of the steps and an alteration of the step dynamics. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-355-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 451 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BJ46P UT WOS:A1997BJ46P00010 ER PT S AU Moffat, TP AF Moffat, TP BE Andricacos, PC Corcoram, SG Delplancke, JL Moffat, TP Searson, PC TI Electrodeposition of strained-layer superlattices SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Synthesis and Modification of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A variety of Cu/(Ni, Co) multilayers have been grown on Cu single crystals by pulse plating from an alloy electroplating bath. Copper is deposited under mass transport control while the iron group metal is deposited under interfacial charge transfer control. The structural evolution of these films is influenced by the morphological instability of the mass transport limited copper deposition reaction and the development of growth twins during iron-group metal deposition. Specular films have been obtained for growth on Cu(100) while rough, defective films were typically obtained for growth on Cu(111) and Cu(11O). RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-355-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 451 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BJ46P UT WOS:A1997BJ46P00053 ER PT S AU Keller, RR Nucci, JA AF Keller, RR Nucci, JA BE Dorset, DL Hovmoller, S Zou, XD TI Effects of local crystallography on stress-induced voiding in passivated copper interconnects SO ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Crystallography CY MAY 22-JUN 02, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO AB We have measured local variations in microtexture and grain boundary misorientation in narrow, passivated copper interconnects, using electron backscatter diffraction. This allowed us to differentiate between the local crystallography associated with voids and that associated with regions remaining intact during thermal treatment, all within the same lines. In general, grain boundaries intersecting voids exhibited structures that provided more favorable kinetic pathways for atom migration than those boundaries present within intact regions of the same line. Specifically, grains near voids showed a locally weaker < 111 > texture than those in unvoided regions. Boundaries between such grains were more likely to be of twist character and of higher angle character than those in unvoided regions. Such boundaries, when of tilt character, were more likely to have misorientation axes parallel to the film plane. Local variations in crystallography are shown to play an important role in determining interconnect reliability. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Keller, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 853 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-4876-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 1997 VL 347 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BL18V UT WOS:000074633500036 ER PT S AU Raithel, G Benson, O Walther, H AF Raithel, G Benson, O Walther, H BE Dowling, JP TI Dynamics of the micromaser field SO ELECTRON THEORY AND QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: 100 YEARS LATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics - 100 Years Later CY SEP 05-16, 1994 CL INT CTR PHYS & APPL MATH, EDIRNE, TURKEY SP NATO HO INT CTR PHYS & APPL MATH RP Raithel, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45514-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1997 VL 358 BP 93 EP 110 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH74U UT WOS:A1997BH74U00009 ER PT B AU Nashman, M Schneiderman, H AF Nashman, M Schneiderman, H BE Schaefer, D Williams, EF TI Real-time visual processing in support of autonomous driving SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - 25TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th AIPR Workshop on Emerging Applications of Computer Vision CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE autonomous driving; feature tracking; hierarchical control system architecture; image processing; real-time processing; recursive least squares; world model AB Autonomous driving provides an effective way to address traffic concerns such as safety and congestion. There has been increasing interest in the development of autonomous driving in recent years. Interest has included high-speed driving on highways, urban driving, and navigation through less structured off-road environments. The primary challenge in autonomous driving is developing perception techniques that are reliable under the extreme variability of outdoor conditions in any of these environments. Roads vary in appearance. Some are smooth and well marked, while others have cracks and potholes or are unmarked. Shadows, glare, varying illumination, dirt or foreign matter, other vehicles, rain, and snow also affect road appearance. This paper describes a visual processing algorithm that supports autonomous driving. The algorithm requires that lane markings be present and attempts to track the lane markings on each of two lane boundaries in the lane of travel. There are three stages of visual processing computation: extracting edges, determining which edges correspond to lane markers, and updating geometric models of the lane markers. A fourth stage computes a steering command for the vehicle based on the updated road model. All processing is confined to the 2-D image plane. No information about the motion of the vehicle is used. This algorithm has been used as part of a complete system to drive an autonomous vehicle, a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV.) Autonomous driving has been demonstrated on both local roads and highways at speeds up to 100 kilometers per hour (km/h.) The algorithm has performed well in the presence of non-ideal road conditions including gaps in the lane markers, sharp curves, shadows, cracks in the pavement, wet roads, rain, dusk, and nighttime driving. The algorithm runs at a sampling rate of 15 Hz and has a worst case processing delay time of 150 milliseconds. processing is implemented under the NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model for Telerobotic Control System Architecture (NASREM) architecture and runs on a dedicated image processing engine and a VME-based microprocessor system. RP Nashman, M (reprint author), NIST,INTELLIGENT SYST DIV,BLDG 220,ROOM B127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2366-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2962 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.267816 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BH32N UT WOS:A1997BH32N00013 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Power, ME Swanson, P Rivier, J Sherwood, NM AF Parker, DB Power, ME Swanson, P Rivier, J Sherwood, NM TI Exon skipping in the gene encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in salmon alters the expression of two hormones that stimulate growth hormone release SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; GLUCAGON SUPERFAMILY; PRECURSOR STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FACTOR GRF; CDNA; PACAP; PEPTIDE; TUMOR AB In mammals, GRF and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are encoded in separate genes. We report here that in the salmon a 4.5-kilobase gene contains live exons that encode the biologically active part of the GRF-like peptide (amino acids 1-32) on exon 4 and PACAP on exon 5. Analysis of two fish messenger RNAs reveals that a long precursor containing GRF and PACAP and a short precursor containing only PACAP are both expressed in the blain of at least five species of salmon, whereas mice express only the long precursor encoded by the PACAP gene. Synthetic salmon PACAP-38 and salmon GRF-like peptide-45 both stimulated GH release from cultured salmon pituitary cells; PACAP stimulated a concentration-dependent release of GH ab both 4 and 24 h of incubation, whereas GRF-like peptide did not. Alternative splicing, resulting in the short precursor in which GRF-32 is excised, may provide a means for differential control of GH secretion with higher production of the more potent PACAP. A duplication of the GRF-like/PACAP gene in evolution after the divergence of fish and tetrapods would explain separate genes and regulation for GRF and PACAP in mammals. C1 UNIV VICTORIA, DEPT BIOL, VICTORIA, BC V8W 2Y2, CANADA. SALK INST BIOL STUDIES, CLAYTON FDN LABS PEPTIDE BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. JOSLIN DIABET CTR, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. SWISS FED INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL, DUBENDORF, SWITZERLAND. NR 46 TC 109 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JAN PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1210/en.138.1.414 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VZ824 UT WOS:A1997VZ82400056 PM 8977431 ER PT S AU Becker, PR Mackey, EA Demiralp, R Koster, BJ Wise, SA AF Becker, PR Mackey, EA Demiralp, R Koster, BJ Wise, SA BE Subramanian, KS Iyengar, GV TI Establishing baseline levels of elements in marine mammals through analysis of banked liver tissues SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOMONITORING: EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND SPECIMEN BANKING SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Environmental Biomonitoring - Exposure Assessment and Specimen Banking, at 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Int Chem Congress Pacific Basin Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc AB Tissues from marine mammals of the United States are routinely banked in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank through collaboration between the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the National Biological Service, and numerous other agencies and organizations. A major part of this specimen banking involves collections from marine mammals taken in Alaska Native subsistence hunts. Subsamples of liver tissues banked from these collections are routinely analyzed for 39 elements, using instrumental neutron activation analysis, supplemented with other analytical techniques. Excluding the potentially toxic trace elements (e.g., Hg and Cd) and a few essential elements (e.g., Cu, Se, and Zn), the published database on element concentrations in marine mammals has been limited. The program described here offers an opportunity for establishing baseline levels for a wide range of major, minor, and trace elements in marine mammals of the western Arctic and North Pacific oceans. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ANALYT CHEM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, PR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ANALYT CHEM, 217 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3477-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 654 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH07X UT WOS:A1997BH07X00023 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Clites, AH Keillor, JP AF Lee, DH Clites, AH Keillor, JP TI Assessing risk in operational decisions using Great Lakes probabilistic water level forecasts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; water levels; forecasting; risk; decision making AB A method adapted from the National Weather Service's Extended Streamflow Prediction technique is applied retrospectively to three Great Lakes case studies to show how risk assessment using probabilistic monthly water level forecasts could have contributed to the decision-making process. The first case study examines the 1985 International Joint Commission (IJC) decision to store water in Lake Superior to reduce high levels on the downstream lakes. Probabilistic forecasts are generated for Lake Superior and Lakes Michigan-Huron and used with riparian inundation value functions to assess the relative impacts of the IJC's decision on riparian interests for both lakes. The second case study evaluates the risk of flooding at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the need to implement flood-control projects if Lake Michigan levels were to continue to rise above the October 1986 record. The third case study quantifies the risks of im pal red municipal water works operation during the 1964-1965 period of extreme low water levels on Lakes Huron, St. Glair, Erie, and Ontario. Further refinements and other potential applications of the probabilistic forecast technique are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SEAN GRANT INST,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s002679900004 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VZ029 UT WOS:A1997VZ02900004 ER PT S AU Nystrom, MJ Wessels, BW AF Nystrom, MJ Wessels, BW BE Schlom, DG Eom, CB Hawley, ME Foster, CM Speck, JS TI The effects of substrate thermal mismatch on the domain structure of MOCVD-derived potassium niobate thin films SO EPITAXIAL OXIDE THIN FILMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Argonne Natl Lab, Hewlett Packard Labs, Kurt J Lesker Co, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Oxford Instruments Amer Inc, Target Mat AB Domain stabilization in epitaxial potassium niobate films deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was studied. Stabilization was examined for films deposited on substrates with different coefficients of thermal expansion. X-ray diffraction of KNbO3 films deposited on (100) MgAl2O4, (r) Al2O3, and (100)(pseudocubic) YAlO3 substrates shows a mixed domain structure consisting of(110) and (001) domains. However, KNbO3 thin films deposited under identical conditions on (100) MgO, (100) SrTiO3, and (100)(pseudocubic) LaAlO3 substrates exhibited only a single domain variant. A direct correlation between (001) domain volume fraction in the as-deposited KNbO3 films and calculated strain resulting from thermal mismatch is observed. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Nystrom, MJ (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 221,ROOM A303,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-378-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 474 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69L UT WOS:A1997BJ69L00005 ER PT J AU Bezrukov, SM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Bezrukov, SM Kasianowicz, JJ TI The charge state of an ion channel controls neutral polymer entry into its pore SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ion channel; transport; polymers; hydration; water structure; alpha hemolysin; poly(ethylene glycol) ID PHOSPHOLIPID SURFACE-CHARGE; PROTON-TRANSFER; OSMOTIC-STRESS; K+ CHANNEL; WATER; CONDUCTANCE; DYNAMICS; GRAMICIDIN; MEMBRANES; SELECTIVITY AB Electrostatic potentials created by fixed or induced charges regulate many cellular phenomena including the rate of ion transport through proteinaceous ion channels. Nanometer-scale pores of these channels also play a critical role in the transport of charged and neutral macromolecules. We demonstrate here that, surprisingly, changing the charge state of a channel markedly alters the ability of non-electrolyte polymers to enter the channel's pore. Specifically, we show that the partitioning of differently-sized linear nonelectrolyte polymers of ethylene glycol into the Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin channel is altered by the solution pH. Protonating some of the channel side chains decreases the characteristic polymer size (molecular weight) that can enter the pore by similar to 25% but increases the ionic current by similar to 15%. Thus, the ''steric'' and ''electric'' size of the channel change in opposite directions. The results suggest that effects due to polymer and channel hydration are crucial for polymer transport through such pores. C1 LENINGRAD NUCL PHYS INST,GATCHINA 188350,RUSSIA. NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOMOL MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Bezrukov, SM (reprint author), NIH,DIV COMP RES & TECHNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 42 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s002490050101 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA YH599 UT WOS:A1997YH59900006 PM 9404007 ER PT S AU Gilman, JW Harris, RH Brown, JE AF Gilman, JW Harris, RH Brown, JE BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Flammability studies of new cyanate ester resins SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE cyanate ester; flammability; toughening; synthesis AB We have synthesized several new cyanate ester functionalized polystyrene polymers and copolymers. Poly(4-cyanatostyrene), PCS, poly(4-cyanatostyrene) "polymer grade", PCS-PG, poly(4-cyanatostyrene) "novalak grade", PCS-NG, poly(4-cyanatostyrene-co-methylmethacrylate), PCS-MMA, and poly(4-cyanatostyrene-co-1,3-butadiene), PCS-BD, were all prepared via cyanation of the corresponding 4-hydroxystyrene polymer or copolymer, using cyanogen bromide and triethylamine, The synthesis gives good yields of these polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, of these polymers shows that they cure completely under standard, non-catalyzed, thermal cure conditions. Flammability tests, performed using the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter, show significant differences in flammability of the cured polymers, depending on polymer structure. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1052 EP 1061 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200105 ER PT S AU Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Lichtenhan, JD AF Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Lichtenhan, JD BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Nanocomposites: A revolutionary new flame retardant approach SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE nanocomposite; flammability; clay ID NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; POLYMER AB To evaluate the feasibility of controlling polymer flammability via a nanocomposite approach, we have examined the flammability properties of nylon-6 clay nanocomposites. The fire retardant (FR) properties of this new class of materials, organic - inorganic nanocomposites, are reported. The Cone calorimeter data show that the peak heat release rate (HRR), the most important parameter for predicting fire hazard, is reduced by 63 % in a nylon-6 clay-nanocomposite containing a clay mass fraction of only 5 %. Not only is this a very efficient FR system but it does not have the usual drawbacks associated with other FR additives. That is, the physical properties are not degraded by the additive (clay), instead they are greatly improved. Furthermore, this system does not increase the carbon monoxide or soot produced during the combustion, as many commercial fire retardants do. The nanocomposite structure appears to enhance the performance of the char through reinforcement of the char layer. Indeed, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of a section of the combustion char from the nylon-6 clay-nanocomposite (5 %) shows a multilayered silicate structure. This layer may act as an insulator and a mass transport barrier slowing the escape of the volatile products generated as the nylon-6 decomposes C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1078 EP 1089 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200108 ER PT S AU Chiang, MYM AF Chiang, MYM BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Finite element analysis and experimental monitoring of strain localization and failure processing of thin adhesive bonds SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE crack propagation; adhesive bonding; finite element analysis ID SHEAR AB The mechanics of fracture of stable interfacial crack extension in polymeric adhesive bonds undergoing shearing is studied using the finite element analysis of finite-strain plasticity. Based on experimental parameters, the analysis focuses on the interface ahead of the crack tip, where crack propagation occurred. The distributions of shear strain ahead of the crack tip compared well with experimental results. The analysis shows that motion of the crack extension greatly reduces the deformation at the crack tip, which is instrumental in facilitating a basis for correlation with experimental results. In conjunction with experimental observations, a crack propagation criterion is established. This criterion, which is based on local shear strain, represents an intrinsic fracture property of adhesive (i.e., a material criterion rather than a structural parameter, such as energy release rates). This study may also be useful as a guide for developing closed form solutions based on power-law singularity for the near crack tip deformation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1111 EP 1119 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200111 ER PT J AU Robey, SW Henrich, VE Eylem, C Eichhorn, BW AF Robey, SW Henrich, VE Eylem, C Eichhorn, BW TI Composition dependent electronic structure effects in Nd1-xSrxTiO3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Williamsburg Workshop on 1st-Principles Calculations for Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA DE photoemission; electronic structure; correlation; hybridization ID SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; PHOTOEMISSION; SYSTEM; DIMENSIONS; FERMIONS; LATTICE AB The development of the electronic structure in Nd1-xSrxTiO3 as a function of x was investigated using resonant photoelectron spectroscopy. Attention is focussed indication of changes in the Ti 3d-O2p hybridization and on electron-electron correlation effects evident in the Ti 3d intensity within similar to 3 eV of the Fermi level (E-F). The energetic position of the Ti 3d intensity signals the importance of electron correlation effects. The total intensity in this region is found to correlate linearly with composition and changes in the spectral structure are discussed in terms of the one-electron spectral function. For x < 0.25 (insulating or semiconducting compositions), only incoherent intensity associated with the lower Hubbard band is present Additional intensity, attributed to a coherent quasiparticle contribution, appears at the composition of the metal-insulator transition, x similar to 0.25. Ti 3d intensity also occurs in the higher binding energy region of the predominantly O 2p band due to Ti 3d O-2p hybridization. Composition-dependent changes in this region are analyzed to determine changes in the Ti 3d-O2p hybridization with composition and structure. C1 YALE UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM, CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 27 DI 10.1080/00150199708016079 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XX633 UT WOS:A1997XX63300003 ER PT J AU Burton, BP McCormack, RP Toby, BH Goo, EK AF Burton, BP McCormack, RP Toby, BH Goo, EK TI Cation ordering in some ABO(3) perovskites SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Williamsburg Workshop on 1st-Principles Calculations for Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA DE ordering; phase diagram; perovskite; cluster variation method; ionic model ID DIFFUSE PHASE-TRANSITION; INDUCED BREATHING MODEL; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; CAGEO3 PEROVSKITE; DIELECTRIC LOSS; HEAT-CAPACITY; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3 AB Nonempirical phase diagram calculations were performed for one A(B',B '')O-3, and two [A',A '']BO3 perovskite-based systems: Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O-3-PbTiO3, PbTiO3-CaTiO3, and PbTiO3-SrTiO3. In addition, total energy calculations were performed for some other A(B',B '')O-3 and [A',A '']BO3 systems. Cluster expansion Hamiltonians were derived from Potential Induced Breathing (PIE) total energy calculations for large supercells (up to 80 atoms), and then used as input for cluster variation method (CVM) phase diagram calculations. These calculations give general insight into the thermodynamics of solid solutions that are based on coupled substitution and into the limits of the computational approach. In addition, spherical self consistent atomic deformation (SSCAD) total energy calculations were performed for several Pb(Mg2/3Nb2/3)O-3, and Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O-3 supercell configurations. Also presented, are the results of a neutron powder diffraction study of cation ordering in a [Pb-0.5469 Ca-0.4531]TiO3 sample. C1 UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. RP NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 206 DI 10.1080/00150199708016092 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XX633 UT WOS:A1997XX63300016 ER PT B AU Ohno, Y Hardis, JE AF Ohno, Y Hardis, JE GP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL TI Four-color matrix method for correction of tristimulus colorimeters SO FIFTH COLOR IMAGING CONFERENCE: COLOR SCIENCE, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Color Imaging Conference - Color Science, Systems and Applications CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Informat Display, Inter Soc Color Council, Royal Photog Soc Great Britain, Soc Electrophotog Japan, Soc Photog Sci & Technol Japan, Soc Mot Picture & Televis Engineers, Adobe Syst Inc, Afga Gevaert NV Belgium, BARCO, Canon Informat Syst Inc, Corbis Corp, Eastman Kodak Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Color Management Grp, Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs, Imation Corp, Konica Corp, Lexmark Int Inc, Linotype Hell Co, Polaroid Corp, Sony Corp, Sun Microsyst Inc, X Rite Inc Graphic Arts, Xerox Corp Res AB A new calibration method has been developed to improve the accuracy of chromaticity coordinates obtained from a tristimulus colorimeter for color displays. Matrix methods such as the one recommended by ASTM are well known for this purpose, but they may fail to work as expected due to experimental noise and errors. As these matrix methods are based on tristimulus values, the accuracy of the luminance measurement affects the accuracy of the corrected chromaticity. This new method utilizes x, y values only, and is independent of Y values. Thus, in principle, it eliminates errors due to luminance measurement variations. A correction matrix is obtained from the x, y values of three primary colors and a white color of a display, measured by the target instrument and a reference instrument. A computer simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of random noise in Y. Experiments were conducted using a commercial tristimulus colorimeter and a spectroradiometer, measuring 14 colors of a CRT display. The results show noticeable improvement in chromaticity accuracy over the current instrument practice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 0-89208-206-2 PY 1997 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK24F UT WOS:000071602400059 ER PT B AU Eklund, M Pelroy, G Poysky, F Paranjpye, R Peterson, M AF Eklund, M Pelroy, G Poysky, F Paranjpye, R Peterson, M BE Martin, RE Collette, RL Salvin, JW TI Control of Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fishery products SO FISH INSPECTION, QUALITY CONTROL AND HACCP: A GLOBAL FOCUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Fisheries Inst, US FDA, UN Food & Agr Org, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Canadian Dept Fihseries & Oceans, Fisheries Council Canada, Joseph Slavin & Associates, GEM Biomed Inc ID PACKAGING METHOD; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALMON; STORAGE; INHIBITION; NITRITE AB The introduction of mechanical refrigeration systems to the food industry enabled processors, distributors, retailers and consumers to increase the shelf-life of perishable food products by slowing or inhibiting the growth of spoilage-type bacteria. For many years it was assumed that storage of food products at refrigeration temperatures would also control the growth of food borne pathogens. This belief, however, was disproved during the past several decades when psychrotrophic bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum types B, E, and F (Schmidt, C. F. et al., 1961; Eklund and Poysky, 1965; Eklund et al., 1967a; Huss et al., 1974; Eklund, 1982;) and Listeria monocytogenes (Farber, 1991; Rawles et al., 1995; Rorvik et al., 1991; Glass and Doyle, 1989; Ryser et al., 1985; Eklund et al., 1995) were shown to grow at temperatures as low as 38 degrees F (3.3 degrees C) and 34 degrees F (1.1 degrees C) respectively. In order to control these and other pathogens in foods. We must understand; (1) the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the pathogen and (2) the process involved in preparing the food product. Based upon this knowledge we can evaluate and modify processes to assure that they are adequate to inhibit or inactivate pathogens of concern. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the characteristics of C. botulinum and L. monocytogenes and give examples on how we have designed procedures to control them in smoked fishery products. The volume of data collected at our laboratory is beyond the scope of this paper, a list of references therefore is also added for those interested in more specific details. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Eklund, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-546-3 PY 1997 BP 290 EP 301 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BQ50E UT WOS:000088535800036 ER PT B AU Cano, RV AF Cano, RV BE Martin, RE Collette, RL Salvin, JW TI Regulatory implementation of HACCP SO FISH INSPECTION, QUALITY CONTROL AND HACCP: A GLOBAL FOCUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Fisheries Inst, US FDA, UN Food & Agr Org, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Canadian Dept Fihseries & Oceans, Fisheries Council Canada, Joseph Slavin & Associates, GEM Biomed Inc AB Numerous international activities of the Department of Commerce have been developed to facilitate the export and import of safe, wholesome, properly labeled fishery products. The Department of Commerce contains the largest agency in the Federal Government, the science-based National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; or NOAA. Within NOAA is the National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency that has responsibilities over resource management, resource and habitat protection, and a Voluntary Seafood Inspection Program. The United States is both the number two importer and exporter of fishery products. Fishing-related businesses account for $20.2 billion dollars of our Gross National Product; with 40,000 fishing vessels; 5,500 processing plants; and 69,000 personnel employed. Additionally, imported seafoods have comprised 50-60% of fishery products utilized in the US. Thus, the US has an interest and desire for the free flow of trade in both directions. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chief Inspect Serv Div, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Cano, RV (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chief Inspect Serv Div, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-546-3 PY 1997 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BQ50E UT WOS:000088535800072 ER PT B AU Wilson, S AF Wilson, S BE Martin, RE Collette, RL Salvin, JW TI HACCP: A new inspector focus SO FISH INSPECTION, QUALITY CONTROL AND HACCP: A GLOBAL FOCUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Fisheries Inst, US FDA, UN Food & Agr Org, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Canadian Dept Fihseries & Oceans, Fisheries Council Canada, Joseph Slavin & Associates, GEM Biomed Inc AB The National Marine Fisheries Service unveiled its HACCP-based Inspection Program in July 1992. Much effort went into designing the program, its policies, and procedures. This task will continue into the future in order to keep the program in tune with the needs of the industry, the government, and the consumer. However, another aspect of the development of the program went predominantly unseen by those outside of the agency. That element was the indoctrination, training, and development of a staff that would be able to manage and operate such a program. Only now are we seeing the fruits of this labor. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wilson, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-546-3 PY 1997 BP 719 EP 725 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BQ50E UT WOS:000088535800089 ER PT B AU Brady, SL Boreman, J AF Brady, SL Boreman, J GP UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Distribution and fishery bycatch of sea turtles off the northeastern United States coast SO FISHERIES BYCATCH: CONSEQUENCES & MANAGEMENT SE ALASKA SEA GRANT REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Consequences and Management of Fisheries Bycatch CY AUG 27-28, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP AFS Marine Fisheries Div, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Georgia Sea Grant Coll Program, N Carolina Sea Grant Coll Program, Gulf & S Atlantic Fisheries Dev Fdn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv RP Brady, SL (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,NOAA,COOPERAT MARINE EDUC & RES PROGRAM,BLAISDELL HOUSE,POB 30820,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 BN 1-56612-048-9 J9 ALASKA SEA PY 1997 IS 97-02 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJ76Q UT WOS:A1997BJ76Q00003 ER PT J AU Goodyear, CP AF Goodyear, CP TI Fish age determined from length: An evaluation of three methods using simulated red snapper data SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The accuracy and precision of estimates of catch at age from sampled lengths were evaluated for three different methods with simulated red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, data for 1984-94. The methods included a growth curve, age-length keys, and a probabilistic method to classify a known total number of fish into ages from samples of the length frequency of the catch. In the first method, ages were estimated from sample lengths directly from the growth curve. The second method involved expanding the sample length frequency to age frequency by using age-length keys. The probabilistic method incorporated the cumulative frequency distributions of length at age, year-class strength, and estimates of prior survival to build age probability distributions from sampled lengths. The evaluation was based on the error in the assigned catch at age and on the resulting estimates of numbers at age and fishing mortality arising from sequential population analysis. The probabilistic method was the best of the three for the situation evaluated here, and application of the age-length key was better than that of the growth model. However, the probabilistic method requires knowledge of growth, the distributions of size at age, and recruitment that may not be known, or only poorly so. Age-length keys require no such ancillary information and may be more practical in most situations, but the probabilistic method is superior if the data requirements can be met. RP Goodyear, CP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI LAB,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WK139 UT WOS:A1997WK13900004 ER PT J AU Kane, J AF Kane, J TI Persistent spatial and temporal abundance patterns for late-stage copepodites of Centropages hamatus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the US Northeast continental shelf ecosystem SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LABIDOCERA-AESTIVA COPEPODA; GEORGES BANK; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; SEDIMENTS; DIAPAUSE; BIOMASS; BIGHT; EGGS AB The annual cycle of abundance and the monthly distributions of the copepod Centropages hamatus are described for U.S. northeast continental shelf waters from plankton samples collected approximately bimonthly from 1977 to 1987. The copepod was found distributed throughout the study area with a strong onshore-offshore abundance gradient. After its annual low, C. hamatus was found to increase in abundance slowly along the coast and to expand offshore following the northward progression of spring conditions. The highest monthly mean abundance estimates of C. hamatus were found on Georges Bank during the month of July. Distribution begins to constrict inshore following peak abundance periods. Examination of environmental variables revealed that in general Centropages hamatus was prevalent when surface temperatures ranged from 12 to 17 degrees C, when water-column chlorophyll levels were high, and where salinity was low on the shelf. The population in the Middle Atlantic Eight subarea declines sharply as water temperatures rise in summer and does not begin to recover until temperatures decline in the fall. In contrast, populations in the more northern regions decrease slowly from peak abundance and do not increase from their annual low until water temperatures rise in early spring. The pelagic population that survives through low abundance periods is concentrated in shoal or inshore (or both) waters where temperature is low and phytoplankton biomass high. There was no evidence from survey data that predation by ctenophores, chaetognaths, or the copepod Centropages typicus has a major effect on C. hamatus abundance. RP Kane, J (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, 28 TARZWELL DR, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WK139 UT WOS:A1997WK13900008 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA DeMartini, EE Ellis, DM AF Parrish, FA DeMartini, EE Ellis, DM TI Nursery habitat in relation to production of juvenile pink snapper, Pristipomoides filamentosus, in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FISHES; COMMUNITY; ESTUARIES AB Densities of juveniles of the Hawaiian deepwater snapper Pristipomoides filamentosus were surveyed for 3 years in relation to their demersal environment at an east Oahu study site. Juveniles settled annually to spatially stable aggregations, occupying expanses of uniform sedimentary habitat. Habitat data were collected and used in a logistic regression model to predict correctly 68% of the juveniles' spatial variability. Premium habitat was identified as a sediment bottom, free of relief, and close to focused sources of drainage (reef platforms, embayments, and anthropogenic sources) in adjacent shallows. Surveys for juveniles elsewhere on insular slopes of the Hawaiian Archipelago indicated low juvenile abundance except at infrequent locations close to point sources of coastal drainage. Estimates of recruit production, based on densities of juveniles from other than premium habitat, were a small fraction of the recruits needed (calculated from catch) to account for the fishery's current landings of adult snappers. The 68-fold higher juvenile abundance at premium habitat can reconcile this difference, indicating that such infrequent high-quality habitat is an important (perhaps critical) fishery resource. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 137 EP 148 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WK139 UT WOS:A1997WK13900012 ER PT J AU Restrepo, VR Powers, JE AF Restrepo, VR Powers, JE TI Application of high-breakdown robust regression to tuned stock assessment models SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SQUARES REGRESSION; CATCH; SIMULATION; FISHERIES AB Many tuned assessment models, such as sequential population analysis and nonequilibrium production models, are cast in the form of least-squares minimization routines. It is well known that outliers can substantially alter the results of least-squares methods. Indeed, in the process of conducting stock assessments, much time and effort are often spent in discussing the merits of individual data points and in evaluating the impact that including or excluding them has on the perceived stock status. Unfortunately, straight-forward statistical tests for detecting outliers have been developed only for univariate statistics or for the simplest of linear models and are generally useful to test for a single outlier only. In this paper, we apply a high-breakdown robust regression technique, least trimmed squares, to two assessment models using North Atlantic swordfish and West Atlantic bluefin tuna as examples. We illustrate how robust regression can be used as an initial step in statistically detecting outliers before the more efficient least-squares minimization can be used. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP Restrepo, VR (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,COOPERAT UNIT FISHERIES EDUC & RES,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WK139 UT WOS:A1997WK13900013 ER PT B AU Ciannelli, L Brodeur, R AF Ciannelli, L Brodeur, R GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Bioenergetics estimation of juvenile pollock food consumption in the Gulf of Alaska SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400005 ER PT B AU Yang, MS AF Yang, MS GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Trophic role of Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) in the Aleutian Islands SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, AFSC, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yang, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, AFSC, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400021 ER PT B AU Wilson, MT AF Wilson, MT GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the western Gulf of Alaska: The importance of nursery areas SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400034 ER PT B AU Emmett, RL Bentley, PJ Schiewe, MH AF Emmett, RL Bentley, PJ Schiewe, MH GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Abundance and distribution of northern anchovy eggs and larvae (Engraulis mordax) off the Oregon coast, mid-1970s vs. 1994 and 1995 SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Emmett, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400039 ER PT B AU Anderson, PJ Blackburn, JE Johnson, BA AF Anderson, PJ Blackburn, JE Johnson, BA GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Declines of forage species in the Gulf of Alaska, 1972-1995, as an indicator of regime shift SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks AB Twenty-four years (1972-1995) of shrimp trawl survey catch data were analyzed in order to reveal changes in the species composition of demersal biomass in the Gulf of Alaska. A shrimp-dominated crustacean species community (mostly Pandalus goniurus and P. borealis) came to an end in the late 1970s and has not yet regained its former level of biomass. Changes in community structure continued with the decline of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the late 1970s, followed by a buildup of gadid fishes in 1978-1983 and pleuronectid fishes in 1984 to the present. Overall, the biomass index, as represented by shrimp sampling trawl, has declined to less than one-half of its former size under the recent fish-dominated environment. This epibenthic regime shift was accompanied by a rapid increase in water temperature which may largely be responsible for the observed abrupt temporal change in species composition. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Anderson, PJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 1638, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 531 EP 543 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400041 ER PT B AU Brodeur, RD Wilson, MT Napp, JM Stabeno, PJ Salo, S AF Brodeur, RD Wilson, MT Napp, JM Stabeno, PJ Salo, S GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Distribution of juvenile pollock relative to frontal structure near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks AB A tidal front exists around the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea which separates weakly stratified nearshore water from the strongly stratified (two-layer) middle shelf water farther offshore. Enhanced mixing and vertical flux of nutrients at the structural front results in high abundances of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and micronekton. Using midwater trawl observations from September 1994 and 1995, we examined abundance, distribution, size composition, and feeding habits of age-0 walleye pollock in relation to the physics and biology of the structural front north of St. Paul Island. The frontal region occurred 12-20 km offshore during both years, but the thermocline was much shallower in 1995 (similar to 25 m) than in 1994 (45 m). The isothermal (<8 degrees C) inner domain had low chlorophyll, and relatively low small(>153 mu m) and large (>505 mu m) zooplankton concentrations. The highest chlorophyll and small zooplankton concentrations occurred seaward of the front and were lower both inshore and offshore of the front. Large zooplankton (mainly euphausiids and cnidarians) were most abundant in the stratified offshore waters. By number, age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) dominated the catches of midwater trawls (>99% and >95% in 1994 and 1995, respectively), although large medusae dominated the total biomass. Age-0 walleye pollock densities were the highest at the front or inshore of the front. Age-0 pollock densities averaged about three times higher in 1994 than in 1995. Age-0 pollock were significantly smaller in 1994 inshore and at the front (mean = 43.4 and 44.6 mm, respectively) than in 1995 (52.2 and 51.7 mm). C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 573 EP 589 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400044 ER PT B AU Payne, SA Johnson, BA Otto, RS AF Payne, SA Johnson, BA Otto, RS GP ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM TI Proximate composition of some northeastern Pacific forage species SO FORAGE FISHES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Symposium / 14th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems CY NOV 13-16, 1996 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Inst Marine Res, Norway, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Minerals Management Serv, US Natl Biol Ser, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fairbanks C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-049-7 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1997 VL 97 IS 01 BP 721 EP 724 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BK42Q UT WOS:000072113400054 ER PT J AU Mitch, MG Karam, LR Coursey, BM Sagdeev, I AF Mitch, MG Karam, LR Coursey, BM Sagdeev, I TI Production of C-11 in fullerene cages: Short half-life tracers SO FULLERENE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID C-60 AB C-11 ''radiofullerenes'' Cn-1 C-11 (n = 60, 70, 76 to 84) have been produced, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and characterized using optical absorption spectroscopy and an ultrasensitive coincidence counting technique for radioactivity measurement. The first successful direct labelling of the higher fullerenes Cn-1 C-11 (n = 76 to 84), in addition to C-59 C-11 and C-69 C-11, suggests that well characterized C-11 radiofullerenes of various sizes could find possible applications as tracers in fluid flow systems (both biological and physical) and in porosity characterization of nanoscale membranes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. BIOTRACES INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Mitch, MG (reprint author), NIST,IONIZING RADIAT DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1064-122X J9 FULLERENE SCI TECHN JI Fullerene Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 5 IS 5 BP 855 EP 869 DI 10.1080/15363839708013304 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA XP684 UT WOS:A1997XP68400003 ER PT B AU Slifka, AJ Kumakawa, A Filla, BJ Phelps, JM Shimoda, N AF Slifka, AJ Kumakawa, A Filla, BJ Phelps, JM Shimoda, N BE Shiota, I Miyamoto, Y TI The effect of thermal shock on the thermal conductivity of a functionally graded material SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (FGM 96) CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Soc Non Tradit Technol, FGM Forum, Sci & Technol Agcy, Japan HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR AB We have measured the thermal conductivity of a Ni20Cr/8% yttria-partially-stabilized-zirconia functionally graded 1.1 mm thick coating on a substrate of 403 stainless steel We measured thermal conductivity of the as-received coated specimen, then thermally shocked the specimen and measured thermal conductivity again. The measurements were done using an absolute, steady-state technique over a temperature range from 400 K to 1200 K. The specimen was thermally shocked by heating in a furnace to 475 K, then quenching in water at 295 K. We discuss the effect of moderate thermal shock on the thermal conductivity of the coating. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82548-7 PY 1997 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1016/B978-044482548-3/50070-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJ82W UT WOS:A1997BJ82W00069 ER PT J AU Elliott, WP Angell, JK AF Elliott, WP Angell, JK TI Variations of cloudiness, precipitable water, and relative humidity over the United States: 1973-1993 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB Water vapor variables were calculated from radiosonde stations in each of six U.S. regions for which cloudiness observations were available. Associations among variations of cloudiness, precipitable water and relative humidity during the 1973-93 period over the U.S. as a whole and in the six regions were determined. Trends in the quantities as well as relations among seasonal variations have been examined. There was a general increase in precipitable water in each season and in each region and a suggestion of increases in relative humidity. These were not accompanied by a general increase in cloudiness that was significant. However, there were significant correlations between seasonal anomalies of cloudiness and both relative humidity and precipitable water. RP Elliott, WP (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,REAR,1315 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1029/96GL03616 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WB786 UT WOS:A1997WB78600011 ER PT J AU Hanisco, TF Wennberg, PO Cohen, RC Anderson, JG Fahey, DW Keim, ER Gao, RS Wamsley, RC Donnelly, SG DelNegro, LA Salawitch, RJ Kelly, KK Proffitt, MH AF Hanisco, TF Wennberg, PO Cohen, RC Anderson, JG Fahey, DW Keim, ER Gao, RS Wamsley, RC Donnelly, SG DelNegro, LA Salawitch, RJ Kelly, KK Proffitt, MH TI The role of HOx in super- and subsonic aircraft exhaust plumes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; RADICALS; EMISSION AB The generation of sulfuric acid aerosols in aircraft exhaust has emerged as a critical issue in determining the impact of supersonic aircraft on stratospheric ozone. It has long been held that the first step in the mechanism of aerosol formation is the oxidation of SO2 emitted from the engine by OH in the exhaust plume. We report in situ measurements of OH and HO2 in the exhaust plumes of a supersonic (Air France Concorde) and a subsonic (NASA ER-2) aircraft in the lower stratosphere. These measurements imply that reactions with OH are responsible for oxidizing only a small fraction of SO2 (2%), and thus cannot explain the large number of particles observed in the exhaust wake of the Concorde. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Hanisco, TF (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV, DEPT CHEM, 12 OXFORD ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1029/96GL03724 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WB786 UT WOS:A1997WB78600017 ER PT B AU Golmie, N Corner, MD Liebeherr, J Su, DH AF Golmie, N Corner, MD Liebeherr, J Su, DH GP IEEE TI Improving the effectiveness of ATM traffic control over hybrid fiber-coax networks SO GLOBECOM 97 - IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 97) CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE AB The IEEE 802.14 working group is currently standardizing a new media access control (MAC) protocol for the emerging Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) networks. Crucial for the success of 802.14 will be its ability to support higher layer traffic services, namely, ATM Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VER) and Available Bit Rate (ABR) traffic classes. In this study, we investigate the interoperation of the MAC protocol, defined by 802.14, with ABR transmissions. An important finding of our study is that the bandwidth contention on the upstream channel in the HFC network may interfere with the feedback congestion control mechanisms of ABR traffic control. This interference can result in unfairness between ABR sources, and decreased utilization of the upstream HFC channel. As a solution to the problem we propose a scheme whereby the headend station of the HFC network returns congestion information contained in resource management (RM) cells to the ABR sources. The proposed mechanism can be incorporated into the ABR rate control scheme without modifying the current traffic management specifications. Numerous simulation scenarios are presented to illustrate our Endings. Parts of the results have been presented to the IEEE 802.14 standard committee. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4199-6 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 1997 BP 453 EP 459 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ90L UT WOS:A1997BJ90L00088 ER PT S AU Deslattes, RD AF Deslattes, RD BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Off-line quality control for Bragg-Laue optics SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE X-ray optics; quality testing; diffraction; synchrotron radiation AB On-stream performance of crystal diffraction components at synchrotron radiation facilities is certainly limited by the issues of heating and photochemistry discussed by other contributors to this conference. At the same time, the delivered performance is also limited by the quality of the starting material, strains and distortions introduced by the initial shaping and surface preparation and by whatever re-forming operations (e.g., one and two dimensional stressing or bending) are needed to realize the desired x-ray optical function Each of these issues, initial crystal quality, surface preparation, and final figure, can be assessed by rather simple arrangements using conventional x-ray diffraction tube sources in combination with appropriate beam conditioning elements and effective two dimensional imagers. These table-top arrangements represent a modest investment in comparison with realistic costs of beamline operation, but they are often neglected. An evident benefit of such off-line quality control is that on-line performance becomes predictable at least in the limit of low heating and radiation damage, so that the effects of these inevitable difficulties are more clearly isolated, thereby opening the way toward their effective management. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deslattes, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400024 ER PT B AU Kim, O Kabore, P Favreau, JP AbdelWahab, H AF Kim, O Kabore, P Favreau, JP AbdelWahab, H BE Tantawy, A TI Issues in platform-independent support for multimedia desktop conferencing and application sharing SO HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKING VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC6 7th International Conference on High Performance Networks (HPN 97) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL WHITE PLAINS, NY SP IFIP TC6 DE high bandwidth applications; multimedia communications; Java; interoperability; computer supported cooperative work; desktop conferencing; multicasting; distributed systems AB Although Multimedia desktop conferencing and application sharing among geographically dispersed users are increasingly popular modalities, their spread is inhibited by platform-dependency problems. In this paper, an approach which exploits the use of the Java programming language to accommodate different hardware and window systems is investigated and a prototype is implemented. Our approach is based on replicated tool architecture in which each participant runs a copy of the application and the activity of each user is multicast to all the participants in the conference. The problems associated with this approach such as view synchronisation and replicated abject management are among the issues addressed in our research. In addition, we are developing standard functions and mechanisms that allow conference participants to seamlessly use the audio and video features available on most PC's and workstations. Our research on multimedia stream synchronization and adaptation, the incorporation of reliable multicasting and the development of distributed control algorithms are expected to result in increased conference quality, performance and robustness. RP Kim, O (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MULTIMEDIA & DIGITAL VIDEO TECHNOL GRP,INFORMAT TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-82070-6 PY 1997 BP 115 EP 129 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BH74P UT WOS:A1997BH74P00008 ER PT B AU Fenimore, C Field, B VanDegrift, C AF Fenimore, C Field, B VanDegrift, C BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Test patterns and quality metrics for digital video compression SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging II CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE digital video compression; quality metrics; test patterns; image blocking; flats AB Lossy video compression systems such as MPEG2 introduce picture impairments such as image blocking, color distortion and persistent color fragments, ''mosquito noise'', and blurring in their outputs. While there are video test clips which exhibit one or more of these distortions upon coding, there is need of a set of well-characterized test patterns and video quality metrics. Digital test patterns can deliver calibrated stresses to specific features of the encoder, much as the test patterns for analog video stress critical characteristics of that system. Metrics quantify the error effects of compression by a computation. NIST is developing such test patterns and metrics for compression rates that typically introduce perceptually negligible artifacts, i.e. for high quality video. The test patterns are designed for subjective and objective evaluation. The test patterns include a family of computer-generated spinning wheels to stress luminance-based macro-block motion estimation algorithms and images with strongly directional high-frequency content to stress quantization algorithms. In this paper we discuss the spinning wheel test pattern. It has been encoded at a variety of bit rates near the threshold for the perception of impairments. We have observed that impairment perceptibility depends on the local contrast. For the spinning wheel we report the contrast at the threshold for perception of impairments as a function of the bit rate. To quantify perceptual image blocking we have developed a metric which detects ''flats'': image blocks of constant (or near constant) luminance. The effectiveness of this metric is appraised. RP Fenimore, C (reprint author), NIST,TECHNOL ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2427-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3016 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.274522 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ06U UT WOS:A1997BJ06U00027 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Pulwarty, RS AF Diaz, HF Pulwarty, RS BE Diaz, HF Pulwarty, RS TI Decadal climate variability, Atlantic hurricanes, and societal impacts: An overview SO HURRICANES: CLIMATE AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atlantic Hurricane Variability on Decadal Time Scales - Nature, Causes and Socioeconomic Impacts CY FEB 09-10, 1995 CL NATL HURRICANE CTR, MIAMI, FL HO NATL HURRICANE CTR AB The level of societal risk to hurricane impact is a function of the frequency, strength, and duration of landfalling hurricanes, and of the degree of preparedness and types of mitigation strategies available to and employed by different segments of society. The goals of this book are twofold. First, we hope to bring together into one volume the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding hurricane variability on different time scales (from seasonal to decadal), the status of the current hurricane prediction capability (principally in the United States and Europe), and to consider some of the science-based implications of future climatic variability as it might influence the frequency and intensity of these great storms. A second objective is to explore a wide range of socioeconomic issues related to historical and recent impacts of hurricane activity in the Atlantic, to assess how these vulnerabilities may arise in different parts of the affected region (the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and U.S. East Coast), and to highlight the possible role of insurance in mitigation strategies. It is possible to increase societal vulnerability to a given event with and without changes in hurricane frequency. We hope to raise awareness of the potential impacts that global climate change may have on the climatology of tropical storm systems and to identify what those changes may mean in the context of socioeconomic trends and planning in the region. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-62078-8 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH80Q UT WOS:A1997BH80Q00001 ER PT B AU Rappaport, EN FernandezPartagas, JJ AF Rappaport, EN FernandezPartagas, JJ BE Diaz, HF Pulwarty, RS TI History of the deadliest Atlantic tropical cyclones since the discovery of the new world SO HURRICANES: CLIMATE AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atlantic Hurricane Variability on Decadal Time Scales - Nature, Causes and Socioeconomic Impacts CY FEB 09-10, 1995 CL NATL HURRICANE CTR, MIAMI, FL HO NATL HURRICANE CTR AB The causes, magnitude, and spatial and temporal distributions of loss of life resulting from Atlantic tropical cyclones since 1492 are documented, providing perspective on the historical threat and variability of the phenomenon. About 250 tropical cyclones were found to have taken at least 25 lives. Numerous cases of more than 1000 deaths were identified with more than 22,000 fatalities attributed to the deadliest record event. Reference data also reveal around 200 additional cases associated with loss of life that, while unquantified, could have reached 25. In total, it is estimated that one-third to one-half million people have perished in Atlantic tropical cyclones during this period. Despite technological advances, loss of life generally increased over the past five centuries. A few exceptionally deadly storms dominate the statistics on time-scales exceeding a decade. Through the 18th century, many of the large losses occurred at sea. More recently, losses from storm surge in coastal areas and inland fresh water flooding predominate. Factors contributing to past and potential future losses include relatively poor communications systems and insufficient mitigation efforts, particularly in outlying areas of underdeveloped countries. RP Rappaport, EN (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NHC,1169 SW 17TH ST,MIAMI,FL 33165, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-62078-8 PY 1997 BP 93 EP 108 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH80Q UT WOS:A1997BH80Q00005 ER PT B AU Pulwarty, RS Riebsame, WE AF Pulwarty, RS Riebsame, WE BE Diaz, HF Pulwarty, RS TI The political ecology of vulnerability to hurricane-related hazards SO HURRICANES: CLIMATE AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atlantic Hurricane Variability on Decadal Time Scales - Nature, Causes and Socioeconomic Impacts CY FEB 09-10, 1995 CL NATL HURRICANE CTR, MIAMI, FL HO NATL HURRICANE CTR AB Differences in research emphases into the impacts and management of natural hazards have, for the most part, resulted from two fundamentally different views environment-society relationships. In one view, a self-correcting, homeostatic process operates, in which society and environmental hazards are inexorably adjusted, toward some acceptable equilibrium. This view infers that people and institutions are committed to removing known risks from life and fail to do so only where the risk is highly uncertain. Proponents of a second view argue that vulnerability is constructed from an open-ended development process that determines the ways in which a hazard is likely to constitute a disaster. The fact that aggregate economic losses to hurricane impacts are increasing is well documented. Cases, taken from the hurricane-hazard and recent development experience in the Greater Caribbean Basin, illustrate that the progression of vulnerability cannot be addressed outside of the context of social and economic trends that play significant roles in determining ''Who is vulnerable and why''. An appeal is made here, for a more evenhanded (or objective) consideration of the factors that give rise to vulnerability. political ecology provides a framework for understanding and integrating the social construction of vulnerability and climatic risk. It reflects the confluence of political economy and human ecology and refers to ways in which vulnerability is rooted in people, values, institutions, and the environment. We review the definition and study of vulnerability from these perspectives, drawing on insights and lessons developed by researchers over the past twenty-five years. These lessons are especially immediate as programs for hazard reduction and sustainable development, such as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, are being designed, implemented, and evaluated. RP Pulwarty, RS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-62078-8 PY 1997 BP 185 EP 214 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH80Q UT WOS:A1997BH80Q00009 ER PT J AU Takacs, E Ratliff, LP Gillaspy, JD AF Takacs, E Ratliff, LP Gillaspy, JD TI X-ray, visible and electron spectroscopy with the NIST EBIT SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY JUN 03-07, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IMPACT; TRAP; ACCELERATION; IONIZATION; EMISSION AB An overview is given of recent activities at the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility. The machine has been operational for almost three years. Important characteristics and demonstrated capabilities of our EBIT are presented. Selected results include experiments with trapped highly charged ions (X-ray and visible spectroscopy), and with extracted ions (ion-surface collision studies). C1 LAJOS KOSSUTH UNIV,EXPT PHYS DEPT,H-4026 DEBRECEN,HUNGARY. RP Takacs, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ATOM PHYS DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1012625721471 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE447 UT WOS:A1997XE44700007 ER PT J AU Bartsch, T Muller, A Spies, W Linkemann, J Danared, H DeWitt, DR Gao, H Zong, W Schuch, R Wolf, A Dunn, GH AF Bartsch, T Muller, A Spies, W Linkemann, J Danared, H DeWitt, DR Gao, H Zong, W Schuch, R Wolf, A Dunn, GH TI Measurement of field effects on dielectronic recombination of Si11+ ions SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY JUN 03-07, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci AB Cross sections for dielectronic recombination can be influenced by the presence of external electric fields in the electron-ion collision region. In most of the previous experiments with multiply charged ions such fields were present but unknown. Therefore, comparisons of experimental results with theoretical calculations were ambiguous: for obtaining best possible agreement, theory could use the field strength as a free parameter to adjust the calculated cross sections to the experiment. In recent measurements with 10 MeV/u Si11+ ions stored in CRYRING, controlled external motional electric fields up to 183 V/cm were introduced in the electron cooler. Significant cross section enhancements were found for Rydberg states n > 20. C1 UNIV GIESSEN,INST KERNPHYS,D-35392 GIESSEN,GERMANY. STOCKHOLM UNIV,MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. MAX PLANCK INST KERNPHYS,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST PHYS,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Bartsch, T (reprint author), STOCKHOLM UNIV,DEPT ATOM PHYS,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1023/A:1012650426923 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE447 UT WOS:A1997XE44700019 ER PT J AU Gygax, FN Amato, A Pinkpank, M Schenck, A Anderson, IS Solt, G Udovic, TJ AF Gygax, FN Amato, A Pinkpank, M Schenck, A Anderson, IS Solt, G Udovic, TJ TI Electric field gradients probed by mu+SR in Sc and alpha-ScHx solid solutions SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID SYSTEMS AB In Sc and alpha-ScHx below 40 K two mu(+) states are formed: a tunnelling state extending over two adjacent tetrahedral (T) interstices sharing one face in the ab-plane of the hcp host lattice and a static mu(+)-Sc-H configuration analog to the T-pair state formed by two H atoms across a Sc site along the crystalline c-axis. This explains perfectly the high transverse-field (TF) mu SR measurements at low temperature and allows a qualitative understanding of the temperature dependence. The modelling of the low TF measurements requires in addition the consideration of the electric field gradient (EFG) components acting on the Sc nuclei near the mu(+), i.e., of the radial EFG due to the mu(+) and of the axially symmetric crystal field. The magnetic field dependence of the anisotropic mu(+)SR relaxation rate is strongly influenced by the H-concentration in the solid solution system. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE 9,FRANCE. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Gygax, FN (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST PARTICLE PHYS,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RI Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 106 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1023/A:1012621303782 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB055 UT WOS:A1997XB05500013 ER PT S AU Meystel, A AF Meystel, A GP IEEE TI Multiscale design and control of systems and processes SO IECON '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, CONTROL, AND INSTRUMENTATION, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference of the Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON 97) CY NOV09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan DE behavior; complexity; goal; inverse; knowledge representation; path; planning; redundancy; resolution; representation; tessellatum; trajectory AB A general theoretical framework is proposed to design and control of industrial system and devices based upon theoretical principles which are crystallizing at the present time as a result of joint multidisciplinary efforts in the areas of robotics, intelligent control, large systems for information distribution and decision support. This framework which is called here multiscale or multiresolutional approach reflects the nature of cognitive processes in brain and intelligent machines. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meystel, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-3932-0 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 1997 BP P1 EP P15 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BK95B UT WOS:000073933000001 ER PT B AU Bloss, P DeReggi, AS Schafer, H AF Bloss, P DeReggi, AS Schafer, H GP IEEE TI Effects of humidity on electric field distribution in polyimide insulation in microelectronics applications SO IEEE 1997 ANNUAL REPORT - CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB With large scale integration in microelectronics, the thickness of insulation between closely spaced conductors at different potentials is reduced to the micrometer range and the electric field in the insulation becomes both a performance issue and a reliability issue. Using the thermal pulse method, we have measured for the first time the field distribution in 5 mu m thick polyimide and found complex charging behaviour at ambient temperature and low field (circa 3 V/mu m) representative of operating conditions. Field-independent charge layers are observed on the front surface in addition to injected charge extending deep into the bulk from the polyimide/substrate interface. These effects are considerably influenced by moisture uptake. RP Bloss, P (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3852-9 PY 1997 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96D UT WOS:A1997BJ96D00066 ER PT B AU Stricklett, KL vonGlahn, P VanBrunt, RJ AF Stricklett, KL vonGlahn, P VanBrunt, RJ GP IEEE TI Phase behavior in AC generated partial discharges: electroconvection and the moderation of discharges SO IEEE 1997 ANNUAL REPORT - CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc RP Stricklett, KL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3852-9 PY 1997 BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96D UT WOS:A1997BJ96D00127 ER PT B AU Han, XL Wang, YC AF Han, XL Wang, YC GP IEEE TI Characterization of pulsating partial discharges in SF6-N-2 mixture SO IEEE 1997 ANNUAL REPORT - CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB We have measured the pulsating partial discharges in a point-to-plane gap in SF6-N-2 mixtures. The unconditional distributions of amplitude and time separation as well as the first-order conditional amplitude distributions of the measured partial discharge pulses have been determined. RP Han, XL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3852-9 PY 1997 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96D UT WOS:A1997BJ96D00131 ER PT B AU Ladbury, JM Koepke, GH Camell, DG AF Ladbury, JM Koepke, GH Camell, DG GP IEEE TI Improvements in the CW evaluation of mode-stirred chambers SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB We present methods for improving the reliability of measurements made in a mode-stirred chamber. The combination of improved instrumentation and a larger paddle resulted in measurements that were significantly more reproducible (+/-1 dB) than previous measurements. We also give a simple model that is capable of describing the characteristics of a mode-stirred chamber at any frequency using only two parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ladbury, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway MS 813-07, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667536 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700007 ER PT B AU Johnk, RT Ondrejka, A AF Johnk, RT Ondrejka, A GP IEEE TI Electrical material properties from a free-space time-domain RF absorber reflectivity measurement system SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB The scattering information obtained from the measurements of selected test structures is used to extract the relative permittivities of the various dielectric layers. Tests have been successfully conducted on single and multiple-layer dielectric panels, from which good estimates of material properties have been obtained. Results have been obtained in tests performed at both normal and oblique incidence. In addition, an edge-effect removal algorithm that significantly improves the estimated dielectric constant for small panels has recently been developed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Johnk, RT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667739 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700105 ER PT B AU Wittmann, RC Black, DN AF Wittmann, RC Black, DN GP IEEE TI Quiet-zone evaluation using a spherical synthetic-aperture radar SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00036 ER PT B AU Wittmann, RC Alpert, BK Francis, MH AF Wittmann, RC Alpert, BK Francis, MH GP IEEE TI Nonideal measurement locations in planar near-field antenna metrology SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 168 EP 171 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00041 ER PT B AU Muth, LA Wittmann, RC AF Muth, LA Wittmann, RC GP IEEE TI Calibration of polarimetric radar systems SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Muth, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 830 EP 833 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00199 ER PT B AU Marx, E AF Marx, E GP IEEE TI Integral equations for scattering by a particle in a layer SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Marx, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 878 EP 881 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00209 ER PT J AU Linholm, LW Mack, IA AF Linholm, LW Mack, IA TI Get ready for GOMAC SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT News Item C1 USN,OFF RES,TECH PROGRAM CHAIR,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Linholm, LW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NIST,CONFERENCE CHAIR,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD JAN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WU750 UT WOS:A1997WU75000012 ER PT B AU Tseng, WY Pichel, WG Liu, AK ClementeColon, P Leshkevich, GA Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Stone, RN AF Tseng, WY Pichel, WG Liu, AK ClementeColon, P Leshkevich, GA Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Stone, RN GP IEEE TI Near real-time RADARSAT data system for NOAA CoastWatch applications SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in partnership with other U.S. Government agencies has augmented existing satellite reception and processing facilities at the Alaska SAR Facility (ASF) to provide near real-time access to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for U.S. Government operational applications. Access is available for RADARSAT SAR data acquired by the ASF in Fairbanks, Alaska, by the Canadian readout stations in Gatineau, Quebec and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and by the Norwegian station in Tromso. Qualified user access to these data is provided by the NOAA Satellite Active Archive (SAA). A major user of SAR data in NOAA is the Coast Watch program. This paper will provide an introduction of this near real-time RADARSAT data system and some preliminary results of the use of RADARSAT data for ocean applications. RP Tseng, WY (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00146 ER PT B AU Campbell, W Nault, J Warner, RA AF Campbell, W Nault, J Warner, RA GP IEEE TI Status of the development of an in situ plankton monitor SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The majority of the world's population lives and is employed along its shorelines and is economically dependent upon the activities of its coastal facilities. Development of methods to determine the spatial and temporal extent of changes in the health of coastal ecosystems within sufficient time to take effective management and mitigation actions is essential to effective environmental stewardship. The phytoplankton populations of coastal waters are very sensitive indicators of current environmental health and productivity because their nutritional and water clarity requirements are quite specific. These primary producers are the first step of the marine food web and thus, most of the rest of the coastal ecosystem (water quality, organisms which consume algae directly and their consumers, etc.) relies upon a healthy and balanced phytoplankton community. Routine synoptic in situ monitoring of phytoplankton by labor-intensive ship operations is rapidly being replaced by satellite borne ocean color instruments, such as the ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS)/Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS). However, frequent in situ calibration of data from diverse water masses is necessary to develop and maintain algorithms which correctly relate the data provided by remote sensing instruments to the in situ geochemical parameters. RP Campbell, W (reprint author), NOAA,NOS,ORCA,1305 EW HIGHWAY,9TH FLOOR,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 819 EP 820 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00240 ER PT B AU Gutman, G Ignatov, A AF Gutman, G Ignatov, A GP IEEE TI Towards a common language in satellite data management: A new processing level nomenclature SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper represents an attempt to standardize the terminology used in satellite data processing and utilization from raw sensor counts to end products. The proposed processing level nomenclature (PLN) and the flow structure are based on our experience with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data production and are intended to complement and enhance the PLN currently used for the Earth Observing System (EOS) datasets. The proposed four-level structure is designed considering two major groups: 1) data producers and 2) data users. The A and B levels of the structure are primarily oriented to serve the first group, consisting mostly of remote sensing specialists, whereas the C and D levels fit better the purposes of scientists in the second group (e.g. weather-climate numerical modelers) that are interested in end products but not in remote sensing methodology. A simple PLN is proposed to facilitate communication between producers and users of satellite data. RP Gutman, G (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ERA12,WWB 712,OFF RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1252 EP 1254 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00378 ER PT B AU Georges, TM Harlan, JA AF Georges, TM Harlan, JA GP IEEE TI Over-the-horizon radar: Ground-based ocean remote sensing on basin-wide scales SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been testing high-frequency, ground-based, over-the-horizon (OTH) radars for mapping winds, waves, and surface currents over very large ocean areas. Recent results show that unambiguous surface wind direction can be mapped by combining meteorological insight with seeds from in-situ data. Vector surface currents can be mapped using two OTH radars whose coverage overlaps. A map of surface currents in the vicinity of a hurricane is an example. RP Georges, TM (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1802 EP 1804 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00553 ER PT B AU Frisch, AS Uttal, T Fairall, CW Snider, JB AF Frisch, AS Uttal, T Fairall, CW Snider, JB GP IEEE TI On the measurement of stratus cloud properties with a cloud radar and microwave radiometer SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Algorithms have been developed to calculate the vertical profiles from cloud radar reflectivity measurements and microwave radiometer measurements of integrated liquid water. In addition, the algorithms calculate the effective radius profiles, and the total number of cloud droplets. When drizzle is present, radar reflectivity, vertical velocity and the spread of the vertical velocity can be used to calculate vertical profiles of liquid water, liquid water flux, effective radius, and droplet number. When there is no drizzle, we can use the Doppler capability to profile various vertical velocity turbulence parameters, such as the vertical velocity spectra, variance, and skewness. All parameters are important in the development of cloud models. Data taken during ASTEX (Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment) have been used to study the behavior of stratus clouds at Porto Santo Island, Madeira, Portugal. RP Frisch, AS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 2090 EP 2092 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00648 ER PT B AU Westwater, ER Han, Y Irisov, VG Leuskiy, V Kadygrov, EN Viazankin, SA AF Westwater, ER Han, Y Irisov, VG Leuskiy, V Kadygrov, EN Viazankin, SA GP IEEE TI Remote sensing of boundary-layer temperature profiles by a scanning 5-mm microwave radiometer and RASS: A comparison experiment SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Two techniques for deriving low-altitude temperature profiles were evaluated at an experiment conducted from November 1996 to January 1997 at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAG). The first used a scanning single wavelength 5-mm (60 GHz) microwave radiometer to measure vertical temperature profiles. The second was a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) that operated at 915 MHz. Typically, radiometric profiles were produced every 15 min; those from RASS were hourly. The BAO has an instrumented 300-m tower with 5-min measurements of temperature and relative humidity available at the surface and at altitudes of 10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 m. The tower measurements were occasionally supplemented with radiosonde releases and with hand-held meteorological measurements taken on the tower elevator. Data from this experiment are presented and plans for future deployments of these instruments are discussed. In addition, a new quality control algorithm for the RASS system is presented and evaluated. RP Westwater, ER (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,CIRES,325 BROADWAY,MS R-E-ET1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 2093 EP 2096 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00649 ER PT B AU Ohno, Y AF Ohno, Y BE Newman, MA TI High illuminance calibration facility and procedures SO ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA (IESNA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDING 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Illuminating-Engineering-Society-of-North-America CY AUG 18-20, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer DE calibration; diffuser; illuminance; illuminance meters; luminance; luminance meters; luminous intensity; solar simulator; standard lamp; standard photometer AB The range of calibration of illuminance meters and luminance meters has been normally limited to levels up to several thousand lx and several thousand cd/m(2) using a high-power luminous intensity standard lamp. The calibration of instruments at much higher levels is required in applications such as daylight measurement, evaluation of solar simulators, and testing light sources in imaging devices. To allow illuminance calibration at levels up to 10(5) lx (about the level of direct sun light) and luminance up to 3 x 10(4) cd/m(2), a calibration facility and procedures have been developed at NIST utilizing the detector-based method. The calibration source is based on a commercial solar simulator source using a 1000 W Xenon are lamp with optical feedback control, and it is combined with a set of color glass filters that corrects the spectral power distribution to be close to CIE Illuminant A. The illuminance level can be varied without changing the color temperature significantly and without changing the distance. The developed source was evaluated for stability, spectral distribution, illuminance uniformity, and parallelness of the beam. Experiments were also conducted to study the effect of heat by radiation on the glass filters used with the source and various diffuser materials, such as PTFE, opal glass, and acrylic, used to create luminance standards. The linearity and the effect of heat on standard photometers and commercial illuminance meters were also investigated, and appropriate procedures for high illuminance/luminance calibrations have been established. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), NATL INST STAND TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 PY 1997 BP 1011 EP 1029 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ82K UT WOS:A1997BJ82K00047 ER PT B AU Lehman, JH Scott, TR AF Lehman, JH Scott, TR GP LASER INST AMER TI Optical radiation detectors for laser measurements: Survey and tutorial SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB This paper provides an overview of currently available detectors for optical radiation measurements. In addition, detector parameters such as noise equivalent power, detectivity, wavelength range, detector speed, and spatial uniformity are briefly discussed. The magnitude of input power or energy, radiation wavelength, and pulse duration among other variables, must be considered in order to select the most appropriate detector for laser safety hazard analysis and classification. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,SOURCES & DETECTORS GRP,DIV 815 01,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00034 ER PT S AU Dziuba, RF Kile, LL AF Dziuba, RF Kile, LL GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI An automated guarded bridge system for the comparison of 10 k Omega standard resistors SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB An automated guarded resistance bridge has been specifically developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the calibration of high-quality 10 k Omega standard resistors. The system is designed to intercompare up to 30 nominally-equal, four-terminal resistors with a resolution and combined relative standard uncertainty of 0.01 mu Omega/Omega and 0.02 mu Omega/Omega, respectively. With a few minor modifications, the system is capable of comparing other nominally-equal resistors in the range 100 Omega to 1 M Omega. RP Dziuba, RF (reprint author), NIST,B146 METROL BLDG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 394 EP 396 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00076 ER PT S AU Reintsema, CD Grossman, EN Koch, JA Kinard, JR Lipe, TE AF Reintsema, CD Grossman, EN Koch, JA Kinard, JR Lipe, TE GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI Ac-Dc transfer at cryogenic temperatures using a superconducting resistive transition-edge temperature sensor SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB A prototype, cryogenic thermal transfer device has been constructed and tested using a superconducting transition-edge thermal sensor. RP Reintsema, CD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 726 EP 730 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00142 ER PT S AU Stenbakken, GN Deyst, JP AF Stenbakken, GN Deyst, JP GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI Timebase distortion measurements using multiphase sinewaves SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB Distortions in the timebases of equivalent-time oscilloscopes and digitizers cause nonlinear distortions of waveforms sampled by them. This paper reports on a comparison of two methods of characterizing timebase distortion, using pure sinewave inputs of known frequency: the ''sinefit'' and the ''analytic signal'' methods, Simulations are used to compare the performance of the two methods versus different types of timebase distortion, different sinewave frequencies, number of different sinewave phases, levels of random noise, and levels of random jitter, The performance of the two methods varies considerably, dependent upon the input signal frequency and type of timebase distortion, Each method does much better than the other for certain cases. RP Stenbakken, GN (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECT,TECHNOL ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 1003 EP 1008 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00195 ER PT B AU McLean, CR AF McLean, CR BE Goossenaerts, J Kimura, F Wortmann, H TI Perspectives on manufacturing engineering software integration SO INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS FOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC5/WG5.3/WG5.7 International Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 96) CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP Int Federat Informat Proc DE manufacturing software integration; manufacturing engineering; simulation; virtual manufacturing; process modeling AB The world wide demand for integrated CAD/CAM/CAE software solutions is growing rapidly. The computer professional services business which includes systems integrators is expected to grow to meet that demand because data exchange formats and interface protocols between CAD/CAM/CAE software applications are for the most part incompatible. This incompatibility results in increased business opportunities for professional integrators who create custom integration solutions to support data exchange between software applications. These solutions are expensive to implement, require a great deal of time to develop, are very inflexible, and are not based upon industry standards. These custom solutions result in numerous problems that can be broken down into three major technical impediments: 1) the lack of understanding of what information and knowledge is shared between manufacturing design, planning, and production areas, 2) the lack of information standards that define structure and content of data that must be shared by multiple manufacturing applications, and 3) the lack of standard interface protocols between support systems, e.g., communications and database management systems, that would facilitate the sharing of information between independently-developed software applications This paper presents perspectives on engineering tool integration issues. It also describes work underway to address those issues at NIST in Computer-Aided Manufacturing Engineering (CAME) and Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) programs. Some of the technical activities include integration of design, process planning, plant layout, scheduling, and production simulation systems. A virtual production facility has been established using simulation and virtual reality systems that will provide a basis for validating manufacturing data before it is released to the shop fleer. RP McLean, CR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-78800-4 PY 1997 BP 20 EP 31 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH93Z UT WOS:A1997BH93Z00004 ER PT B AU Eppeldauer, G AF Eppeldauer, G BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Electronic characteristics of Ge and InGaAs radiometers SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE dynamic range; frequency dependence; near infrared; noise; photocurrent; photodiode; radiometry; sensors; standard; temperature dependence AB Custom-made Ge and InGaAs photodiodes were tested for high sensitivity DC and AC radiometric applications. Equal size, large-area photodiodes were selected and used as optical sensors in NIST's near-infrared(NIR) standard radiometers. The DC electronic characteristics of the Ge and InGaAs radiometers were measured versus photodiode temperature. At -30 degrees C, a limit-sensitivity of 22 fA and a dark-current stability of 0.2 pA/16 hours was achieved with the InGaAs radiometer, which was three times better than the results obtained with the Ge radiometer. The Ge radiometer was used for DC signal measurements only, because at frequencies higher than 0.3 Hz the noise boosting effect decreased the photocurrent sensitivity. The frequency dependent gain characteristics were calculated and compared for the two types of radiometer. The InGaAs radiometer could measure optical radiation with a chopping frequency of 10 Hz without any response or limit-sensitivity degradation. RP Eppeldauer, G (reprint author), NIST,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1117/12.280403 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00086 ER PT B AU Buckley, E Meyers, C AF Buckley, E Meyers, C BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Designing a technology commercialization game plan for the national oceanic & atmospheric administration SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat C1 NOAA,COSTAL TECHNOL SERV,CHARLESTON,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 958 EP 958 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653744 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00465 ER PT S AU Zarr, RR AF Zarr, RR BE Graves, RS Zarr, RR TI Expanded polystyrene board as a standard reference material for thermal resistance measurement systems SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Insulation Materials - Testing and Applications CY MAY 15-17, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE expanded polystyrene; fenestration; foam; guarded hot plate; standard reference material (SRM); thermal conductivity; thermal resistance; thermal insulation; window test methods AB Thermal conductivity measurements at room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of Standard Reference Material 1453, Expanded Polystyrene Board. The measurements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial experimental design of two variables, bulk density and temperature, using the National Institute of Standards and Technology one-meter line-heat-source guarded hot plate. Uncertainties of the measurements, consistent with current international guidelines, have been prepared. The thermal conductivity measurements were conducted over a range of bulk density of 37.4 to 45.8 kg/m(3) and mean temperature of 281 to 313 K. Statistical analyses of the physical properties of Standard Reference Material 1453 are presented and include variations between boards, as well as within board. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2409-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1320 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1520/STP12269S PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH70Z UT WOS:A1997BH70Z00006 ER PT B AU Horst, JA Beichl, I AF Horst, JA Beichl, I GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A simple algorithm for efficient piecewise linear approximation of space curves SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB An on-line method for piecewise linear approximation of open or closed space curves is described. The algorithm guarantees approximation within a deviation threshold and is offered as an efficient, on-line alternative to the split and merge approach. Other efficient methods operate only on planar curves, whereas the approach we offer is also appropriate for space curves. A simple function of chord and are length is used to form the initial set of approximating points. Preliminary Gaussian smoothing, posterior merging and least squares fitting are optional and can be done depending on the application. Algorithm performance has been tested on a variety of planar curves and comparisons made with other piecewise linear curve approximation algorithms. RP Horst, JA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 744 EP 747 DI 10.1109/ICIP.1997.638603 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90B UT WOS:A1997BJ90B00188 ER PT B AU Kia, OE Doermann, DS AF Kia, OE Doermann, DS GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI OCR-based rate-distortion analysis of residual coding SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Symbolic compression of document images provides access to symbols found in document images and exploits the redundancy found within them [1, 5]. Document images are highly structured and contain large numbers of repetitive symbols. We have shown that while symbolically compressing a document image we are able to perform compressed-domain processing [1, 4, 5]. Symbolic compression forms representative prototypes for symbols and encode the image by the location of these prototypes and a residual (the difference between symbol and prototype). In this paper we analyze the rate-distortion tradeoff by varying the amount of residual used in compression for both distance-and row-order coding. A measure of distortion is based on the performance of an OCR system on the resulting image. University of Washington document database images, ground truth, and OCR evaluation software are used for experiments [2]. RP Kia, OE (reprint author), NIST,INFORMAT TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 690 EP 693 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00175 ER PT S AU Carlson, AD Chiba, S Hambsch, FJ Olsson, N Smirnov, AN AF Carlson, AD Chiba, S Hambsch, FJ Olsson, N Smirnov, AN BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Update to "Nuclear data standards for nuclear measurements" SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Consultants Group has examined the neutron cross section database for possible new standards and extensions in energy of existing standards. This led to an update of the 1991 NEANDC/INDC Nuclear Standards File to indicate the status and extension of cross section standards for the B-10(n,alpha) reaction below 20 MeV neutron energy; and H(n,n) and the fission reactions for U-235, U-238 and Bi-209 for selected energy regions above 20 MeV; and the status of:he fission reactions for U-235 and U-238 below 20 MeV. For the H(n,n) and B-10(n,alpha) cross sections, the status of the standards and recommendations for improving them are given. For the fission standards above 20 MeV, numerical tabulations were also given. All uncertainties shown in this report represent one standard deviation uncertainties. The Bi-209(n,f) cross section is a new standard. The standards data sets which are available can be accessed via ftp using the address: "iaeand.iaea.or.at'' and the username, "standards.". C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Chiba, Satoshi/E-8193-2014 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1223 EP 1229 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600320 ER PT B AU Snelick, R Indovina, M Courson, M Kearsley, A AF Snelick, R Indovina, M Courson, M Kearsley, A BE Arabnia, HR TI Tuning parallel and networked programs with S-Check SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 97) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Tech, N Amer Transputer Users Grp, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, US DOE, Natl Super Comp Ctr Energy & Environm DE performance tool; parallel programs; code improvement; sensitivity analysis; design of experiments; synthetic-perturbation ID PERTURBATION AB We describe how complex parallel and networked programs are screened for performance bottlenecks using a sensitivity analysis tool called S-Check. Check is a software tool that combines statistical methods and synthetic perturbation (artificial delay) for capturing code segment sensitivities. The technique determines how efficiency changes in specified program segments affect overall program performance. This empirical approach accounts for all aspects of the system since the analysis is based on actual program executions. This is an especially important consideration when evaluating distributed programs because it is hard to characterize their complex interactions. S-Check's performance assessment ranks code segments (bottlenecks) according to their sensitivity to the code efficiency changes. This ordered list serves as a guide for assaying and tuning applications. We demonstrate S-Check's capabilities for detecting performance bottlenecks with a number of case studies. S-Check runs on Silicon Graphics multiprocessors, IBM SP machines, and homogeneous workstation clusters running PVM or MPI. S-Check supports multiple languages, including FORTRAN, C, and C++, however advanced editing features are only available in C. Emphasis in this paper is given to the tool and its use; details of the underlying methodology are only sketched. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snelick, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 0-9648666-8-4 PY 1997 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR81J UT WOS:000167624100003 ER PT B AU Tang, HC AF Tang, HC BE Arabnia, HR TI Parallelizing a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 97) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Tech, N Amer Transputer Users Grp, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, US DOE, Natl Super Comp Ctr Energy & Environm DE Runge-Kutta; parallel; scalable; MPI; HPF AB The most commonly used fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK) method ip examined for its suitability for parallelization. To avoid the inherent data dependence, parallelization of the BK method uses some iterations that deviate from the traditional method. Numerical results have been obtained for comparison between parallel end serial programs, and comparison with known exact solutions. The RK method is found to be parallelizable for only a snail number of processors. A step control method that allows a half- or double-step sizing at run time is parallelizable for up to four processors. Serial and parallel programs are written in Fortran 90. The parallel program has a Message Passing Interface(MPI version and a High Performance Portran(HPF) version. The parallel methods decrease accuracy without significant gains of efficiency. When applicable, an application should be parallelized at the level calling the Runge-Kutta subroutine, with each RK invocation executed serially. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Scalable Parallel Syst & Applicat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, HC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Scalable Parallel Syst & Applicat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 0-9648666-8-4 PY 1997 BP 806 EP 810 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR81J UT WOS:000167624100103 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC Lewandowicz, R AF Thacker, WC Lewandowicz, R TI Partitioning the North Atlantic into regions of similar seasonal sea-surface temperature anomalies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic; sea-surface temperature anomalies; rotated PCA; cluster analysis ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; FIELD; OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Mean sea-surface temperatures were computed within 127 6 degrees x 4 degrees longitude-by-latitude cells comprising most of the North Atlantic for 171 three-month seasons from 1950 to 1992, the mean seasonal cycle was removed, and cells with correlated seasonal anomalies were clustered into regions of coherent thermal behaviour. Clustering algorithms consistently produced smaller thermal regions in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream, and while the regions were generally contiguous, a disjoint region was consistently found near the Grand Banks. Examining within-region variability as a function of the number of regions revealed no obvious 'best' number of regions. For 26 regions, correlations between pairs of cells within a common region were typically 0.7; for 13 regions, a sizeable fraction were less than 0.5; and for only seven regions, within-region correlations were distributed fairly uniformly between 0.2 and 0.8. C1 COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER STUDIES,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP Thacker, WC (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<3::AID-JOC97>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WH954 UT WOS:A1997WH95400002 ER PT J AU Brown, AW Judd, RP Riddick, F AF Brown, AW Judd, RP Riddick, F TI Architectural issues in the design and implementation of an integrated toolkit for manufacturing engineering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article AB The integration of commercial off-the-shelf manufacturing engineering tools to produce a manufacturing engineering toolkit is described. These issues are considered by describing the work taking place in an ongoing project to develop such a toolkit. In particular, the approach being taken towards integration of the tools is described, concentrating on the architecture of the solution that is being developed. To this end the paper highlights four main areas: the strengths and weaknesses of an initial prototype toolkit being used as input to the project; the approach being used to describe the architecture of the integrated toolkit; the details of the main elements of a preliminary architecture for the toolkit; and some issues being faced in moving from an architecture to a working implementation that can be used in practice. As a result, the main contributions include a survey of the key issues facing designers of integrated toolkits from the manufacturing domain, an analysis of architectural alternatives for building integrated toolkits, and an illustration of choices that have been made in this regard for satisfying the requirements for a manufacturing engineering toolkit. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701. NIST,MFG ENG LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Brown, AW (reprint author), TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,SOFTWARE RES LAB,8330 LBJ FREEWAY,MS 8373,DALLAS,TX 75243, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMP INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PD JAN-AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 142 EP 159 DI 10.1080/095119297131255 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA WG526 UT WOS:A1997WG52600013 ER PT J AU Irwin, JS Lee, RF AF Irwin, JS Lee, RF TI Comparative evaluation of two air quality models: Within-regime evaluation statistic SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Harmonization with Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL OOSTENDE, BELGIUM SP Initiat Harmonizat Atmospher Dispers Modelling Regulatory Purposes DE atmospheric dispersion; dispersion model evaluation; natural variability AB At the Workshop on Operational Short-Range Atmospheric Dispersion Models for Environmental Impact Assessment in Europe, Lee and Irwin (1994) presented a methodology for conducting an objective comparative evaluation of two or more air quality models. The methodology involved the use of bootstrap resampling to allow computation of confidence bounds on model comparison measures, and an inverse weighting to accommodate pooling of data from several field experiments, Mention was made that it would be useful to explore alternative choices for the primary within-regime statistic selected for defining the differences to be seen between the modelled and observed concentration values. In this discussion, we explore the differences to be seen in using the Robust Highest Concentration versus the median of the upper quartile of values as the primary statistic for defining differences between modelled and observed concentration values, and assess which might be less sensitive to natural variability (or uncertainty). C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Irwin, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3-6 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YU270 UT WOS:000071699500014 ER PT J AU Fox, T Soares, C Crocker, I Brooks, K Davis, L AF Fox, T Soares, C Crocker, I Brooks, K Davis, L TI Calculated dose distributions of beta-particle sources used for intravascular brachytherapy. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 344 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80973-X PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000497 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA AF Gillis, KA TI Thermodynamic properties of seven gaseous halogenated hydrocarbons from acoustic measurements: CHClFCF3, CHF2CF3, CF3CH3, CHF2CH3, CF3CHFCHF2, CF3CH2CF3, and CHF2CF2CH2F SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CHClFCF3; CHF2CF3; CF3CH3; CHF2CH3; CF3CHFCHF2; CF3CH2CF3; CHF2CF2CH2F; density; equation of state; heat capacity; refrigerants; speed of sound; thermodynamic properties; virial coefficient ID OF-SOUND MEASUREMENTS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; SPEED; REFRIGERANTS; RESONATOR AB Measurements of the speed of sound in seven halogenated hydrocarbons are presented. The compounds in this study are l-chloro-l,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHClFCF3, or HCFC-124), pentafluoroethane (CHF2CF3 or HFC-125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CF,CH, or HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (CHF2CH3, or HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CHFCHF2 or HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF3 or HFC-236fa), and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CHF2CF2CH2F or HFC-245ca). The measurements were performed with a cylindrical resonator at temperatures between 240 and 400 K and at pressures up to 1.0 MPa. Ideal-gas heat capacities and acoustic virial coefficients were directly deduced from the data. The ideal-gas heat capacity of HFC-125 from this work differs from spectroscopic calculations by less than 0.2% over the measurement range. The coefficients for virial equations of state were obtained from the acoustic data and hard-core square-well intermolecular potentials. Gas densities that were calculated from the virial equations of state for HCFC-124 and HFC-125 differ from independent density measurements by at most 0.15%, for the ranges of temperature and pressure over which both acoustic and Burnett data exist. The uncertainties in the derived properties for the other five compounds are comparable to those for HCFC-124 and HFC-125. RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 73 EP 135 DI 10.1007/BF02575203 PG 63 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA WK524 UT WOS:A1997WK52400006 ER PT J AU Hurly, JJ Schmidt, JW Gillis, KA AF Hurly, JJ Schmidt, JW Gillis, KA TI Virial equation of state and ideal-gas heat capacities of pentafluoro-dimethyl ether SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Burnett apparatus; CF3OCF2H; equation of state; heat capacity; pentafluoro-dimethyl ether; refrigerant; speed of sound; virial coefficient ID OF-SOUND MEASUREMENTS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; GASEOUS REFRIGERANTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; SPEED AB A virial equation of state is presented for vapor-phase pentafluoro-dimethyl ether (CF3-O-CF2H), a candidate alternative refrigerant known as E125. The equation of state was determined from density measurements performed with a Burnett apparatus and from speed-of-sound measurements performed with an acoustical resonator. The speed-of-sound measurements spanned the ranges 260 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 400 K and 0.05 less than or equal to P less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. The Burnett measurements covered the ranges 283 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 373 K and 0.25 less than or equal to P less than or equal to 5.0 MPa. The speed-of-sound and Burnett measurements were first analyzed separately to produce two independent virial equations of state. The equation of state from the acoustical measurements reproduced the experimental sound speeds with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.0013%. The equation of state from the Burnett measurements reproduced the experimental pressures with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.012%. Finally, an equation of state was fit to both the speed-of-sound and the Burnett measurements simultaneously. The resulting equation of state reproduced the measured sound speeds with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.0018% and the measured Burnett densities with a fractional RMS deviation of 0.019%. RP Hurly, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 137 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF02575204 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA WK524 UT WOS:A1997WK52400007 ER PT J AU Weber, LA AF Weber, LA TI Predicting the virial coefficients and thermodynamic properties of a multicomponent mixture with application to the ternary mixture of CH2F2+CF3CHF2+CF3CH2F SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density; R134a; R32; R125; refrigerants; ternary mixture; thermodynamic properties; virial coefficients ID 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE R134A; REFRIGERANTS; VAPOR; MODEL AB A model for estimating second and third virial coefficients, which has been used successfully to represent the behavior of pure gases and binary mixtures, was applied to a ternary mixture. An estimate for the ternary third virial coefficient, C-123, was added to the model. Three experimentally determined binary interaction parameters were also used. The model has been applied to the ternary mixture CH2F2 + CF3CHF2 + CF3CH2F (R32 + R125 + R134a). The results are useful for calculating gas-phase densities, thermodynamic properties, and fugacities for phase equilibrium calculations. The use of such models leads to a considerable economy of effort in the case of multicomponent mixtures. Examples of the thermodynamic properties are given for the equimolar ternary mixture in the range from the dew-point temperature to 400 K at pressures of 0.5, 1, and 2. MPa. Calculated densities and speeds of sound are compared with new experimental values for a near-equimolar composition. RP Weber, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1007/BF02575205 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA WK524 UT WOS:A1997WK52400008 ER PT J AU DuarteGarza, HA Magee, JW AF DuarteGarza, HA Magee, JW TI Subatmospheric vapor pressures evaluated from internal-energy measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE difluoromethane; internal energy; pentafluoroethane; refrigerants; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; triple point, two-phase region; vapor pressure ID MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITY; 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE R134A; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DIFLUOROMETHANE; PENTAFLUOROETHANE; STATE AB Vapor pressures were evaluated from measured internal-energy changes in the vapor+liquid two-phase region, Delta U-(2). The method employed a thermodynamic relationship between the derivative quantity (partial derivative U-(2)/partial derivative V)(T) and the vapor pressure (p(sigma)) and its temperature derivative (partial derivative p/partial derivative T)(sigma). This method was applied at temperatures between the triple point and the normal boiling point of three substances: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), pentafluoroethane (R125), and difluoromethane (R32). Agreement with experimentally measured vapor pressures near the normal boiling point (101.325 kPa) was within the experimental uncertainty of approximately +/-0.04 kPa (+/-0.04%). The method was applied to R134a to test the thermodynamic consistency of a published p-rho-T equation of state with an equation for p, for this substance. It was also applied to evaluate published p(sigma) data which are in disagreement by more than their claimed uncertainty. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 173 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF02575206 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA WK524 UT WOS:A1997WK52400009 ER PT J AU McClure, JL Cezairliyan, A AF McClure, JL Cezairliyan, A TI Radiance temperatures (in the wavelength range 525 to 906 nm) of vanadium at its melting point by a pulse-heating technique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE emissivity (normal spectral); high-speed pyrometry; high temperature fixed points; melting; multiwavelength pyrometry; radiance temperature; vanadium ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LEVITATION CALORIMETRY; TRANSITION-METALS; LIQUID AB The radiance temperatures (at six wavelengths in the range 525 to 906 nm) of vanadium at its melting point were measured by a pulse-heating technique. The method is based on rapid resistive self-heating of the specimen from room temperature to its melting point in less than 1 s and on simultaneously measuring the specimen radiance temperatures every 0.5 ms with a high-speed six-wavelength pyrometer. Melting was manifested by a plateau in the radiance temperature-vs-time function for each wavelength. The melting-point radiance temperatures for a given specimen were determined by averaging the measured temperatures along the plateau at each wavelength. The melting-point radiance temperatures for vanadium as determined by averaging the results at each wavelength for 16 specimens (standard deviation in the range 0.3 to 0.4 K, depending on the wavelength) are 2030 K at 525 nm 1998 K at 622 nm, 1988 K at 652 nm, 1968 K at 714 nm, 1935 K at 809 nm and 1900 K at 906 nm. Based on estimates of the random and systematic errors that arise from pyrometry and specimen conditions, the resultant uncertainty (2 SD level) in the reported values is about +/-7 K at each wavelength. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF02575212 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA WK524 UT WOS:A1997WK52400015 ER PT B AU Kunches, JM AF Kunches, JM GP ION TI Now it gets interesting: GPS and the onset of Solar Cycle 23 SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB Indications of the start of Solar Cycle 23 are now beginning to appear in solar observations. This reawakening of the Sun, and the corresponding increase in solar activity affecting GPS, will become ever more obvious in the next few years. A blue-ribbon panel was convened in September 1996 and forecast the maximum of Cycle 23 to occur in the 1999-2000 era at a level comparable to - but slightly higher than - the Cycle 22 maximum smoothed sunspot number of 158.5 [1]. Cycle 22 was the third largest on record. GPS applications have enjoyed unbridled growth through the decline of Cycle 22 in the mid-1990s. The FAA Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is just one of the programs emerging during the period of benign conditions imposed by the ionosphere. How will the WAAS fare with a more disturbed ionosphere? What conditions is it likely to face as its early design matures to a fully operational system? Some answers to these questions are, at this time, merely speculations. Perhaps the one certainty in all of this, is that interesting times are dead ahead. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kunches, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000023 ER PT B AU Nelson, LM Axelrad, P Etter, DM AF Nelson, LM Axelrad, P Etter, DM GP ION TI Adaptive detection of code delay and multipath in a simplified GPS signal model SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB This paper introduces an application of adaptive filtering in a noise-canceling configuration that detects code delay and multipath in GPS using a simplified GPS signal model. An adaptive filtering process which allows a receiver to accommodate for changes in the environment surrounding the antenna is used. In this algorithm, filter weights from an LMS adaptive noise-canceling algorithm enable the receiver to determine the code delay from the direct satellite signal as well as the delay and attenuation of the multipath. A simplified signal model which includes idealized GPS C/A-code processing, multipath signals of varying delay and amplitude, interference of other C/A-codes, and quantization noise is used for the preliminary demonstration. Plans for application of this technique to a more realistic GPS signal model and assessment of the computational requirements are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nelson, LM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 569 EP 581 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000057 ER PT B AU Jones, GR AF Jones, GR GP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL TI Problems in measuring the optical characteristics of flat panel displays SO IS&T 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, FINAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Imaging-Science-and-Technology CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol RP Jones, GR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 BN 0-89208-199-6 PY 1997 BP 678 EP 678 PG 1 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ88J UT WOS:A1997BJ88J00192 ER PT B AU Pitts, WM Johnson, AW AF Pitts, WM Johnson, AW BE Fulachier, L Lumley, JL Anselmet, F TI Mixing behavior of absolutely unstable axisymmetric shear layers forming side jets SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON VARIABLE DENSITY LOW-SPEED TURBULENT FLOWS SE FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Variable Density Low-Speed Turbulent Flows CY JUL 08-10, 1996 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Assoc Univ Mecan, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, CNRS, CEA, DRN, Cadarache, Commiss European Communities, Dantec, Deltalab, Dept Bouches Rhone, Elect France, Gaz France, Int Sci Fdn, US, Kluwer Acad Publ, Netherlands, Minist Def, direct Gen Armement, Quantel, Reg Provence alpes Cote Azur, Soc Natl Etudes & Construct Moteurs Avions, Spectra Phys, Univ Provence, Aix Marseille I, France, Ville Marseille RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST,US DEPT COMMERCE,FIRE RES LAB B258224,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4602-5 J9 FLUID MEC A PY 1997 VL 41 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ82N UT WOS:A1997BJ82N00003 ER PT J AU Chin, P McCullough, RL Wu, WL AF Chin, P McCullough, RL Wu, WL TI An improved procedure for determining the work of adhesion for polymer-solid contact SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE JKR; force-balance; displacement; solid work of adhesion; solid surface energy; PDMS ID HYSTERESIS; SURFACE; JKR AB Force-balance experiments in conjunction with the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory have been used to determine the work of adhesion between solid systems. It has been shown that deficiencies in understanding the deformation behavior can lead to erroneous results. A modified procedure for determining the work of adhesion by force-balance experiments and JKR theory using normal displacement behavior has been introduced to address these deficiencies. This procedure involves improved experimental and data analysis protocols and has been applied to give more precise work of adhesion values for PDMS poly(dimethylsiloxane)-PDMS, PDMS-F(fluorinated silicon) and PDMS-SI (silicon) systems. The work of adhesion determinations are consistently less than those estimated by contact angle measurements. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McCullough, RL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1080/00218469708010536 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZA359 UT WOS:000072355600008 ER PT J AU Coxon, B Sari, N Mulard, LA Kovac, P Pozsgay, V Glaudemans, CPJ AF Coxon, B Sari, N Mulard, LA Kovac, P Pozsgay, V Glaudemans, CPJ TI Investigation by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling of the conformations of some modified disaccharide antigens for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID O-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; DERIVATIVES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HEXAACETATE; RATES AB The O-polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is made up of multiple repeats of the linear tetrasaccharide 3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->, for which the antigenic determinant for a murine monoclonal IgM antibody is the disaccharide alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Galp. This disaccharide and various analogs have been studied by 2D NOESY, POESY, and TOCSY NMR spectroscopy, in conjunction with proton spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements, restrained molecular mechanics, and restrained molecular dynamics with simulated annealing. It has been found that replacement of any single hydroxyl group in the determinant by a hydrogen atom, or replacement of any single hydroxyl group in the Gal residue by a fluorine atom has little if any influence on the conformation of the resulting derivatives. C1 NIDDKD,MED CHEM LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Coxon, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 927 EP 946 DI 10.1080/07328309708006549 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XR831 UT WOS:A1997XR83100013 ER PT J AU Defibaugh, DR Moldover, MR AF Defibaugh, DR Moldover, MR TI Compressed and saturated liquid densities for 18 halogenated organic compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS; HCFC 141B; 1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE; R141B; MPA AB The pressure-density-temperature P(rho,T) behavior of 18 liquids that are potential working fluids in thermal machinery has been measured using a vibrating tube densimeter. For each liquid, the data were taken on isotherms spaced at intervals of 5 K to 10 K spanning the temperature range 245 K to 370 K. The pressures ranged from just above the vapor pressure (or the critical pressure) to 6500 kPa. The results of measurements at more than 12 000 thermodynamic points are summarized by correlating functions. Comparison with data from other laboratories indicates that the relative expanded uncertainty in the measured densities is less than 0.05%, except in the critical region. The repeatability of the measured densities is on the order of 0.005%. For each liquid, the P(rho,T) data were extrapolated to the vapor pressure to obtain the density of the liquid at the vapor pressure. The fluids studied (and their designations by the refrigeration industry) were trichlorofluoromethane (R11), chlorodifluoromethane (R22), 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (R123), 1,2-dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R123a), 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R141b), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R143a), pentafluorodimethyl ether (E125), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), octafluoropropane (R218), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (E245), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (R245cb), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R245fa), and propane (R290). RP Defibaugh, DR (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,PHYS & CHEM PROPETIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 41 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1021/je960266e PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA WC630 UT WOS:A1997WC63000033 ER PT J AU OHare, PAG Wakeham, WA Weir, RD AF OHare, PAG Wakeham, WA Weir, RD TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CARE OF ACADEM PRESS,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3PJ,ENGLAND. ROYAL MIL COLL CANADA,DEPT CHEM & CHEM ENGN,KINGSTON,ON K7K 5L0,CANADA. RP OHare, PAG (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 222,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0184 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA WF212 UT WOS:A1997WF21200001 ER PT J AU Tomaszkiewicz, I Hope, GA Beck, CM OHare, PAG AF Tomaszkiewicz, I Hope, GA Beck, CM OHare, PAG TI Thermodynamic properties of silicides .6. Pentamolybdenum trisilicide (Mo5Si3). Fluorine combustion calorimetric determination of the standard molar enthalpy of formation at the temperature 298.15 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; fluorine bomb combustion; pentamolybdenum trisilicide; enthalpy of formation; thermodynamic properties ID TUNGSTEN DISILICIDE; SULFUR; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ENERGY AB The standard molar enthalpy of formation Delta rH(m) degrees of pentamolybdenum trisilicide Mo5Si3 has been determined by fluorine combustion calorimetry to be -(314.3 +/- 8.3) kJ . mol(-1) at T = 298.15 K and p degrees = 101.325 kPa. Conventional thermodynamic properties of Mo5Si3 are tabulated to T = 2100 K. Thermodynamic quantities to the same temperature maximum are also given for the high-temperature oxidation reactions: 2MoSi(2)(s) + 7O(2)(g) = 2MoO(3)(s) + 4SiO(2)(s), and 5MoSi(2)(s) + 7O(2)(g) = Mo5Si3(s) + 7SiO(2)(s) on the basis of the most up-to-date thermodynamic values. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,PHYS & CHEM PROPERTIES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW,POLAND. RI Hope, Gregory/A-7556-2008 OI Hope, Gregory/0000-0003-2694-3456 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0146 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA WF212 UT WOS:A1997WF21200010 ER PT J AU Winton, M AF Winton, M TI The effect of cold climate upon North Atlantic Deep Water formation in a simple ocean-atmosphere model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ICE; OSCILLATIONS; RECORD; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; BP AB The sensitivity of North Atlantic Deep Water formation to variations in mean surface temperature is explored with a meridional-vertical plane ocean model coupled to an energy balance atmosphere. It is found that North Atlantic Deep Water formation is favored by a warm climate, while cold climates are more likely to produce Southern Ocean deep water or deep-decoupling oscillations (when the Southern sinking region is halocline covered). This behavior is traced to a cooling-induced convective instability near the North Atlantic sinking region, that is, to unstable horizontal spreading of a halocline that stratifies part of the region. Under the convective instability it is found that climate cooling is generally equivalent to increased freshwater forcing. This is because in a cold climate, high-latitude water masses approach the temperature of maximum density and the convection-driving, upward thermal buoyancy flux induced by surface cooling becomes insufficient to overcome the stratifying effect of surface freshening (a downward buoyancy flux). An extensive halocline is then formed and this halocline interferes with the heat loss necessary for the steady production of North Atlantic Deep Water. RP Winton, M (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0037:TEOCCU>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ834 UT WOS:A1997WJ83400003 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hoerling, MP AF Kumar, A Hoerling, MP TI Interpretation and implications of the observed inter-El Nino variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES AB The variability in extratropical atmospheric anomalies from one El Nino winter to another is examined. This study offers an interpretation for such observed inter-El Nino variations and discusses implications for seasonal atmospheric predictability. The seven strongest El Nino events of the 1950-94 period are selected in order to form a composite 500-mb circulation anomaly over the Pacific-North American region. Individual events are shown to deviate significantly from such a composite. Using a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperatures of 1950-94, the authors argue that the observed inter-El Nino atmospheric variations are primarily due to internal atmospheric variability. The observed inter-El Nino variability in spatial patterns of the extratropical circulation anomalies appears not to be a deterministic feature of the SSTs and may thus be inherently unpredictable. Atmospheric general circulation model results further suggest that the spatial pattern of the extratropical response to El Nino consists largely of a single deterministic structure. Some variability in the spatial pattern of the simulated extratropical signal exists, but this is appreciably smaller than the internal atmospheric variability. On the other hand, the amplitude of the signal in the extratropics is shown to be a sensitive function of the particular El Nino, and the model response increases almost linearly with the strength of the SST warming. The practical implications for dynamic seasonal climate prediction in the extratropics are discussed, including an assessment of accuracy requirements for the SST predictions themselves. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA,NCEP,EMC,CLIMATE MODELLING BRANCH,5200 AUTH RD,ROOM 807,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 15 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0083:IAIOTO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ834 UT WOS:A1997WJ83400006 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Manabe, S Gu, DF AF Knutson, TR Manabe, S Gu, DF TI Simulated ENSO in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model: Multidecadal amplitude modulation and CO2 sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; MEAN RESPONSE; GCM; RESOLUTION; INCREASE AB An analysis is presented of simulated ENSO phenomena occurring in three 1000-yr experiments with a low-resolution (R15) global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Although the model ENSO is much weaker than the observed one, the model ENSO's life cycle is qualitatively similar to the ''delayed oscillator'' ENSO life cycle simulated using much higher resolution ocean models. Thus, the R15 coupled model appears to capture the essential physical mechanism of ENSO despite its coarse ocean model resolution. Several observational studies have shown that the amplitude of ENSO has varied substantially between different multidecadal periods during the past century. A wavelet analysis of a multicentury record of eastern tropical Pacific SST inferred from delta(18)O measurements suggests that a similar multidecadal amplitude modulation of ENSO has occurred for at least the past three centuries. A similar multidecadal amplitude modulation occurs for the model ENSO (2-7-yr band), which suggests that much of the past amplitude modulation of the observed ENSO could be attributable to internal variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. In two 1000-yr CO2 sensitivity experiments, the amplitude of the model ENSO decreases slightly relative to the control run in response to either a doubling or quadrupling of CO2. This decreased variability is due in part to CO2-induced changes in the model's time-mean basic state, including a reduced time-mean zonal SST gradient. In contrast to the weaker overall amplitude, the multidecadal amplitude modulations become more pronounced with increased CO2. The frequency of ENSO in the model does not appear to be strongly influenced by increased CO2. Since the multidecadal fluctuations in the model ENSO's amplitude are comparable in magnitude to the reduction in variability due to a quadrupling of CO2, the results suggest that the impact of increased CO2 on ENSO is unlikely to be clearly distinguishable from the climate system ''noise'' in the near future-unless ENSO is substantially more sensitive to increased CO2 than indicated in the present study. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 41 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 138 EP 161 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0138:SEIAGC>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ834 UT WOS:A1997WJ83400010 ER PT J AU Silin, V Weetall, H Vanderah, DJ AF Silin, V Weetall, H Vanderah, DJ TI SPR studies of the nonspecific adsorption kinetics of human IgG and BSA on gold surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein adsorption; self-assembled monolayers; SAMs; SPR ID SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; PLASMON RESONANCE; DIFFUSION; BINDING; ELLIPSOMETRY; FIBRINOGEN; TRANSPORT AB The nonspecific binding of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied on gold surfaces modified by self-assembled alkyl thiol monolayers (SAMs) with the following terminal groups: CH3, C6H4OH, COO-, NH2, OH, and oligoethylene oxide (OEO). The kinetics of hIgG and BSA adsorption and desorption were monitored in real time utilizing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique with a how cell. The surface concentration of hIgG molecules adsorbed on the SAMs decreased in the order: CH3 > C6H5OH > COO- > NH2 > OH > OEO SAM surfaces. Binding of BSA to the SAM surfaces decreased in the order: C6H5OH > CH3 > COO- > NH2 > OH > OEO. The results show that on the OEO SAM, the surface concentration of these proteins was less than 0.5 ng/cm(2) (the detection limit of our SPR device) and approximately 10(3) times less than that on the hydrophobic CH3-terminated SAM surfaces. The kinetics of the binding curves for the adsorption of the proteins are described in terms of multiple states of adsorbed proteins that involve multipoint hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond interactions for the different surfaces and protein lateral interactions caused by the unfolding of adsorbed proteins. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP Silin, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,222-A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 250 Z9 254 U1 7 U2 80 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 185 IS 1 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1006/jcis.1996.4586 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WD076 UT WOS:A1997WD07600012 ER PT J AU Sekerka, RF Coriell, SR McFadden, GB AF Sekerka, RF Coriell, SR McFadden, GB TI The effect of container size on dendritic growth in microgravity SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID SOLIDIFICATION; KINETICS AB We revisit our stagnant film model of the effect of natural convection on the dendrite operating state (velocity V and tip radius rho) and focus attention on possible effects of the container size used in the microgravity experiments of Glicksman et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 573; ISIJ Int. 35 (1995) 604]. We find that the thickness, delta, of the stagnant boundary layer is always much larger than rho. In earth's gravity, delta is always much smaller than the characteristic size R(c) of the container, but in microgravity, delta is comparable to R(c). A model in which delta = 1 cm fits the microgravity data for V and rho as a function of supercooling about as well as one in which the value of delta is based on natural convection in an infinite container. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 1997 VL 171 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00485-X PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA WE271 UT WOS:A1997WE27100036 ER PT J AU Nikaido, T Antonucci, JM Tagami, J AF Nikaido, T Antonucci, JM Tagami, J TI Effect of HEMA-solvent systems on shrinkage of demineralized collagen. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TOKYO MED & DENT UNIV,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000052 ER PT J AU Code, JE Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM Bennett, PS AF Code, JE Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM Bennett, PS TI Shear bond strengths of a silane-modified dentin bonding system with intermediary bonding resins. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USMMA,KINGS POINT,NY. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000058 ER PT J AU Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM AF Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM TI Acid-modified N-phenyliminodiacetic acid as a self-etching primer for dentin bonding. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000062 ER PT J AU Chow, LC Takagi, S AF Chow, LC Takagi, S TI Release of calcium and phosphate ions into saliva by neutral pH chewing gums. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,ADAHF PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000172 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Zhang, Z Carey, CM Chow, LC Ly, AK AF Vogel, GL Zhang, Z Carey, CM Chow, LC Ly, AK TI Enamel saturation after alpha-Ca-3(PO6)(2) gum and subsequent sucrose rinsing. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,ADAHF PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000169 ER PT J AU Milos, MF Dickens, SH AF Milos, MF Dickens, SH TI Effects of different shear test designs on dentin bond strength. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,ADAHF PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000190 ER PT J AU Mcdonough, WG Antonucci, JM Dunkers, JP AF Mcdonough, WG Antonucci, JM Dunkers, JP TI Durability of polymer-glass interfaces by the microbond test. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000197 ER PT J AU Farahani, M Stansbury, JW Antonucci, JM Phinney, CS AF Farahani, M Stansbury, JW Antonucci, JM Phinney, CS TI The addition reaction of aryl amines with acrylic monomers. A gas chromatography mass spectrometry study. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000209 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Fowler, BO Stansbury, JW AF Antonucci, JM Fowler, BO Stansbury, JW TI Facile synthesis of reactive organosilsesquioxanes for dental applications. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIDR,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000213 ER PT J AU Stansbury, JW Dermann, MH AF Stansbury, JW Dermann, MH TI Radical/cationic photopolymerization of spiro orthocarbonate-modified methacrylate resins. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. FREE UNIV BERLIN,D-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000210 ER PT J AU Eidelman, N Mathew, M Fowler, BO Breuer, E Golomb, G Skrtic, D AF Eidelman, N Mathew, M Fowler, BO Breuer, E Golomb, G Skrtic, D TI The possible role of calcium phosphonates in inhibition of calcium phosphate formation SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NIDR,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Breuer, Eli/E-8382-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000269 ER PT J AU Parks, MS Eanes, ED Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Parks, MS Eanes, ED Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D TI Mechanical properties of bioactive ACP/methacrylate composites. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PHIL DENT CLIN,KYUNG KI DO,SOUTH KOREA. NIST,ADAHF,PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,DMMG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 504 EP 504 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000502 ER PT J AU Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM Bennett, PS Code, JE AF Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM Bennett, PS Code, JE TI N-phenyliminodiacetic acid as an etchant/primer for dentin bonding SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acid etching; adhesion; dental bonding; dentin-bonding agents; self-etching primer ID HARD TOOTH TISSUES; ADHESIVE; PHENYLGLYCINE; SUBSTITUTES; SYSTEMS; RESIN AB Effective composite-to-dentin bonding has been achieved by the sequential use of dilute aqueous nitric acid (HNO3) and acetone solutions of N-phenylglycine and a carboxylic acid monomer, e.g., p-PMDM. Both the HNO3 pre-treatment and the surface-initiated polymerization that results from reaction of infused N-phenylglycine and PMDM have been identified as key elements of this bonding system. In this study, N-phenyliminodiacetic acid, a unique imino acid derivative with acidic and chelating potential, was evaluated as a dual etchant/primer for dentin bonding. A randomized, 2(3) factorial design was used to study the effects of 3 factors on tensile bond strength (TBS): conditioner (HNO3 vs. no HNO3), primer (N-phenylglycine vs. N-phenyliminodiacetic acid), and primer solvent (acetone vs. acetone:H2O). The three-step protocol consisting of HNO3, N-phenylglycine in acetone, and PMDM in acetone served as the control. The hypothesis tested was that N-phenyliminodiacetic acid could act as both an effective conditioner (i.e., etchant) and as a primer. Two-step protocols that included only N-phenyliminodiacetic acid and PMDM were compared with the control. TBS (n = 10 per group) were determined after 24-hour storage in H2O and analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test. Primer solvent was critical for obtaining significant bonding to dentin when HNO3 was omitted. N-phenyliminodiacetic acid in acetone without prior HNO3 etching gave the lowest ranking mean TBS (95% CI, 3.8 +/- 1.9 MPa). In contrast, the mean TBS obtained from samples treated with N-phenyliminodiacetic acid in acetone:H2O without prior HNO3 etching was not statistically different (p > 0.05) from the mean TBS for the control (95% CI, 9.3 +/- 1.8 and 9.8 +/- 1.9 MPa, respectively). Due to its dual function as etchant and primer, N-phenyliminodiacetic acid in acetone:H2O provides for a simplified bonding technique that yields strong, PMDM-mediated adhesion to dentin. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIH,CODC,CTR CLIN,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05129, DE09322, Y0I DE30001] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 602 EP 609 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WH344 UT WOS:A1997WH34400012 PM 9042084 ER PT J AU Carey, CM AF Carey, CM TI Association constant for potassium-acid-phosphate determined by K and HPO4 ion-selective electrodes. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,ADAIIF,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000667 ER PT J AU Reynolds, BH Naleway, CA Chow, LC AF Reynolds, BH Naleway, CA Chow, LC TI Dissolution of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite in hydrochloric, lactic, and acetic acids. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ADAHT RJ,CHICAGO,IL. NIST,ADAHF PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 961 EP 961 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000958 ER PT J AU Peterson, IM Pajares, A Lawn, BR AF Peterson, IM Pajares, A Lawn, BR TI Contact damage and strength degradation of dental ceramics. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 991 EP 991 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000985 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, VS Jahanmir, S AF Nagarajan, VS Jahanmir, S TI Effect of mica platelet diameter on wear of dental glass-ceramics. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 997 EP 997 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000992 ER PT J AU Tateosian, LH AF Tateosian, LH TI Pin-On-Disk wear of nonabrasive polymeric prosthetic tooth materials. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 998 EP 998 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000996 ER PT J AU Cherng, M Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Cherng, M Takagi, S Chow, LC TI An in vitro model for evaluating the effectiveness of dentin desensitizing treatments. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,ADAHF,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1333 EP 1333 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001328 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Liao, S Reed, BB AF Dickens, SH Liao, S Reed, BB TI Shear bond strength and bond thickness of modified bonding system. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1390 EP 1390 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001388 ER PT J AU Eichmiller, FC Hoffman, KM Guiseppetti, AA Wray, MM Avers, RJ AF Eichmiller, FC Hoffman, KM Guiseppetti, AA Wray, MM Avers, RJ TI Acid-assisted consolidation of silver alloys. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,ADAHF PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD. USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1475 EP 1475 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001471 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Eichmiller, FC Giuseppetti, AA Johnson, CE AF Xu, HHK Eichmiller, FC Giuseppetti, AA Johnson, CE TI Cyclic contact fatigue of a silver amalgam alternative. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1476 EP 1476 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001475 ER PT J AU Hoard, RJ Eichmiller, FC Parry, EE Guiseppetti, AA AF Hoard, RJ Eichmiller, FC Parry, EE Guiseppetti, AA TI Edge-bevel fracture strength of direct filling materials SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH DENT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NIST,ADAHF PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1478 EP 1478 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001476 ER PT J AU Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Takagi, S Chow, LC TI Control of calcium fluoride formation in mouthrinses SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1592 EP 1592 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001589 ER PT J AU Bowen, RL Reed, BB AF Bowen, RL Reed, BB TI Computer modeling of collagen and candidate dentin adhesive monomers. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1945 EP 1945 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001941 ER PT J AU George, LA Martin, TA Eichmiller, FC AF George, LA Martin, TA Eichmiller, FC TI In vitro wear rates of two polymer-based composites and amalgam. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,ADAHF,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1969 EP 1969 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001965 ER EF