FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU THEDINGA, JF JOHNSON, SW AF THEDINGA, JF JOHNSON, SW TI RETENTION OF JET-INJECTED MARKS ON JUVENILE COHO AND SOCKEYE-SALMON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and sockeye salmon O. nerka were marked by jet injection to determine mark retention of three substances: Alcian Blue dye, black india ink, and acrylic paint (red, fluorescent yellow, and fluorescent orange). Fish were marked on the caudal fin and then held for 40 weeks in flow-through freshwater tanks. Coho and sockeye salmon both retained Alcian Blue and fluorescent orange marks best. The highest mark retention after 40 weeks was 73% for Alcian Blue marks on sockeye salmon. Overall mark retention was greater for orange-, yellow-, and black-marked coho salmon than for similarly marked sockeye salmon. Differences in growth rate-sockeye salmon grew about 7 mm more than coho salmon-probably contributed to the differences in mark retention between species. All colors appear suitable for short-term (<6 weeks) marks. For long-term (>6 weeks) marks, we recommend Alcian Blue dye or fluorescent orange or yellow acrylic paint for coho salmon and Alcian Blue dye for sockeye salmon. RP THEDINGA, JF (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 124 IS 5 BP 782 EP 785 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0782:ROJIMO>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RW500 UT WOS:A1995RW50000014 ER PT J AU Jahanmir, S Ives, LK AF Jahanmir, S Ives, LK TI Machining of advanced ceramics SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Jahanmir, S (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 28 IS 6 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1016/0301-679X(94)00009-F PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA TM146 UT WOS:A1995TM14600010 ER PT J AU STALLINGS, EA WENZEL, LA AF STALLINGS, EA WENZEL, LA TI ORGANIZATION OF THE RIVER AND FLOOD PROGRAM IN THE NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The National Weather Service is charged by law with the responsibility of issuing forecasts and warnings of floods to the nation to help save lives and mitigate property damage. This mission falls under the authority of the River and Flood Program of the National Weather Service. The duty is executed by Weather Service Forecast Offices and is supported by River Forecast Centers, regional and field offices, and the national headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland. The intent of this paper, the first in a series of three, is to present a broad overview of the history of the River and Flood Program, how it evolved, some of the functions and responsibilities of the different offices involved in the program, and the coordination efforts required to fulfill its mission of providing a quality service of hydrologic forecasting. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0457:OOTRAF>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400001 ER PT J AU LARSON, LW FERRAL, RL STREM, ET MORIN, AJ ARMSTRONG, B CARROLL, TR HUDLOW, MD WENZEL, LA SCHAEFER, GL JOHNSON, DE AF LARSON, LW FERRAL, RL STREM, ET MORIN, AJ ARMSTRONG, B CARROLL, TR HUDLOW, MD WENZEL, LA SCHAEFER, GL JOHNSON, DE TI OPERATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE RIVER AND FLOOD PROGRAM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The River and Flood Program in the National Weather Service, in its mission to save lives and property, has the responsibility to gather hydrologic data from a variety of sources and to assemble the data to make timely and reliable hydrologic forecasts. The intent of this paper, the second in a series of three, is to present an overview of the operational responsibilities of the River and Flood Program: how data are collected, what models-systems are currently in operation to process the data, and how the application of these procedures and techniques are applied in different types of hydrologic forecasting. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NATL WEATHER SERV,CENT REG REG HYDROLOGIST OFF,KANSAS CITY,MO. NATL WEATHER SERV,CALIF NEVADA RIVER FORCAST CTR,SACRAMENTO,CA. NATL WEATHER SERV,W GULF RIVER FORCAST CTR,FT WORTH,TX. NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL OPERAT HYDROL REMOTE SENSING CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PORTLAND,OR. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 465 EP 476 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0465:OROTNW>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400002 ER PT J AU FREAD, DL SHEDD, RC SMITH, GF FARNSWORTH, R HOFFEDITZ, CN WENZEL, LA WIELE, SM SMITH, JA DAY, GN AF FREAD, DL SHEDD, RC SMITH, GF FARNSWORTH, R HOFFEDITZ, CN WENZEL, LA WIELE, SM SMITH, JA DAY, GN TI MODERNIZATION IN THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RIVER AND FLOOD PROGRAM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Hydrologic forecasting is vital not only to the National Weather Service mission of saving lives and protecting property but also to our nation's water management decision makers. Since its inception, the River and Flood Program has continually endeavored to modernize its tools and techniques. Modernization is an innovative process of research and development that strives to make available the best methods, data, and equipment for hydrologic forecasts. This paper addresses the role of modern technology (e.g., automation, computers, and radar) in hydrologic forecasting and also examines some of the problems of river modeling and forecasting and what modernization tools are available to remedy them. In addition, this paper looks at the increasing importance of training personnel to effectively use these modernized methods, procedures, and equipment in their jobs. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RIVERSIDE TECHNOL INC,COLUMBIA,MD. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0477:MITNWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400003 ER PT J AU LIVEZEY, RE HOOPINGARNER, JD AF LIVEZEY, RE HOOPINGARNER, JD TI VERIFICATION OF OFFICIAL MONTHLY MEAN 700-HPA HEIGHT FORECASTS - AN UPDATE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SPECIFICATION; SKILL AB Quality analyses have been performed on a 21-yr record of monthly mean Northern Hemisphere extratropical 700-hPa height anomaly forecasts issued by the National Weather Service. A positive trend in skill noted a decade ago is shown to have continued to recent years. This trend is present in terms of overall reduction in squared error as well as individually in reduction of both phase and amplitude errors for all three subdomain sectors examined. The higher skill in the last decade principally is concentrated in forecasts for winter months and particularly over the oceans and at high latitudes and is attributed to advances in global numerical weather prediction. Prior to the 1980s, average forecast bias varied from region to region and overall was not large, Since then it has tended to be negative for all subsectors, mainly as a result of negatively biased height anomalies in midlatitudes for forecast months in the winter and spring. This bias is, perhaps, a reflection of the anomalous observed warmth during the period. An attempt to improve the quality of the forecasts with a principal component filter had modest success in the sense that reductions in squared error were achieved aside from those that would have been expected from simple smoothing. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. RP LIVEZEY, RE (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NCEP,CTR CLIMATE PREDICT,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 512 EP 527 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0512:VOOMMH>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400006 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B BENJAMIN, SG AF SCHWARTZ, B BENJAMIN, SG TI A COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE AND WIND MEASUREMENTS FROM ACARS-EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT AND RAWINSONDES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB A comparison was made of temperature and wind observations reported by rawinsonde and Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System (ACARS)-equipped commercial aircraft separated by less than 150 km in distance and 90 min in time near Denver, Colorado, in February and March 1992. Only data made on aircraft ascents and descents reported automatically were used. A total of 4440 matched data pairs were obtained for this period. The sample was analyzed in total but also as a function of time and distance separation, height, time of day, and ascent versus descent. A standard deviation temperature difference of 0.97 degrees C and rms vector wind difference of 5.76 m s(-1) were found for the entire sample but were reduced, respectively, to 0.59 degrees C and 4.00 m s(-1) when only data pairs separated by less than 25 km and 15 min were used. The study provides an upper limit to the combination of rawinsonde and ACARS observation and reporting errors and mesoscale variability, but it is not possible to distinguish the exact contributions from each of these sources. However, overall, these statistics indicate that the rawinsonde data used were more accurate than that reported in a previous study and that the accuracy of the ACARS data was somewhat higher still. RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORCAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 528 EP 544 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0528:ACOTAW>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400007 ER PT J AU WALKER, DR DAVIS, RE AF WALKER, DR DAVIS, RE TI ERROR CLIMATOLOGY OF THE 80-WAVE MEDIUM-RANGE FORECAST MODEL SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSES; NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; DOMAIN SHAPE; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; PREDICTION; ECMWF; SIMULATION; WINTER; SKILL AB A climatology of the once-daily (0000 UTC) 1000-hPa error fields of the National Meteorological Center's 80-wave Medium-Range Forecast (MRF) model is studied. An analysis of the error field has been conducted over the contiguous United States and over the Northern Hemisphere from 20 degrees to 80 degrees N for three warm and four cool seasons (9 September 1987 to 6 March 1991). Temporal and spatial mean error fields over various integration lengths are presented. The skill, as measured by the anomaly correlation, has not significantly changed over the lifetime of the 80-wave MRF model. Anomaly correlation values at 1000 hPa and 500 hPa show that the model is retaining useful information about the anomalies in the height field out to about one week. A reduction in the model biases may reflect an improvement in model physics (longwave radiational calculations, etc). The cool and warm seasons have distinctly different spatial error patterns. The 1000-hPa warm season shows spurious height falls over the southwestern United States that grow with increasing integration length. The 1000-hPa cool season underestimates the intensity of low pressure systems over and east of Hudson Bay and overestimates their strength over the Pacific Northwest. Principal components analysis of the 429-variable error covariance matrices for the cool acid warm seasons identifies 6 orthogonal variables that explain over 60% of the original error variance. MRF model problems appear to be related to problems the model has with simulating the atmosphere's interaction with orographic features (Alberta and Colorado Rockies), storm tracks and baroclinic zones (Gulf Stream region and United States-Canadian border), and persistent atmospheric features (Hudson Bay low, eastern Pacific subtropical high, and desert Southwest heat low). C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE PREDICT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 545 EP 563 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0545:ECOTWM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400008 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, MJ ARRITT, RW LABAS, K AF MITCHELL, MJ ARRITT, RW LABAS, K TI A CLIMATOLOGY OF THE WARM-SEASON GREAT-PLAINS LOW-LEVEL JET USING WIND PROFILER OBSERVATIONS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; ELEVATED MIXED-LAYER; TERRAIN; STREAKS AB Hourly observations from the Wind Profiler Demonstration Network during the warm season months of 1991 and 1992 were used to develop a climatology of the low-level jet (LLJ) over the Great Plains of the central United States. The maximum overall frequency of LLJ occurrence was in the southern part of the Great Plains, while the maximum frequency of the stronger LLJs extended farther north and east (Kansas through Nebraska). The frequency of occurrence for the weakest LLJs exhibited little diurnal variation. In contrast, the strongest jets were about six times more likely to occur within a few hours of local midnight than during the day. Southerly wind events that did not satisfy the criteria for low-level jets (i.e., those that did not include the low-level local maximum of the wind speed profile) showed comparatively little diurnal variability regardless of speed. Analysis of the synoptic patterns associated with LU occurrence showed that the LW was promoted by the warm sector of an extratropical cyclone and suppressed by a subtropical ridge or polar high. These relationships were most pronounced for the strongest jets. Similar relations to the synoptic pattern also were found for the non-LLJ southerly wind events. A maximum of LLJ frequency occurred in September. This seasonal maximum apparently is due in part to a greater frequency of synoptic patterns that are conducive to the LLJ, possibly in combination with enhanced boundary-layer forcing attributable to a regional decrease in soil moisture. The mean LU duration was about 4 h for the weak jets and 2 h for the strongest jets. This implies that twice-daily radiosonde observations will fail to detect many LLJ events and that the strongest jets are especially likely to be missed. Such concerns are especially important in light of our finding that southerly LLJs represented about one-half of all occurrences of strong, southerly low-level winds over the region. The inability of the conventional network to detect strong LLJs points to the utility of the profilers in forecasting severe weather and implies that hydrologic budgets computed from conventional radiosonde data are likely to underestimate the atmospheric flux of water vapor over the central United States. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NATL WEATHER SERV, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. NATL WEATHER SERV, CHICAGO, IL USA. NR 35 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 576 EP 591 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0576:ACOTWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400010 ER PT J AU WATSON, AI HOLLE, RL LOPEZ, RE AF WATSON, AI HOLLE, RL LOPEZ, RE TI LIGHTNING FROM 2 NATIONAL DETECTION NETWORKS RELATED TO VERTICALLY INTEGRATED LIQUID AND ECHO-TOP INFORMATION FROM WSR-88D RADAR SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DIRECTION FINDERS AB Two national cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning-detection systems were operating across the contiguous United States during 1993. These two networks are compared to each other and to WSR-88D radar information collected by the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma, radar on 9 June 1993 as a squall line moved through central Oklahoma. Next Generation Weather Radar Information Dissemination Service data are used to investigate the relationship of CG lightning to WSR-88D echo tops and vertically integrated liquid (VIL). Such relationships appear not to have been investigated in such fine time and space resolution to date. When lightning is normalized by the frequency of occurrence of 4 km X 4 km resolution echo-top areas, the greatest percentage of echoes with lightning occurs when echo-top heights exceed 50 000 ft (15.2 km). The percentage of echoes with lightning drops significantly as echo tops decrease. The relationship of VIL with lightning is not as clearly defined. The frequency of echoes with lightning increases gradually with 4 km X 4 km resolution VIL values from 15 kg m(-2) to about 40-45 kg m(-2). Then a drop in the frequency occurs with higher values of VIL. However, a maximum in the frequency of echoes with lightning was observed at very high values of VIL (>65 kg m(-2)) by both lightning-detection systems. The Atmospheric Research Systems, Inc., (ARSI) time-of-arrival lightning detection system recorded nearly twice the number of positive flashes when compared with the GeoMet Data Services (GDS) direction-finder (DF) system. It appears that intraclound (IC) flashes contaminated the ARSI positive dataset to some extent. ARSI also recorded 24% fewer negative strokes, probably due to communications saturation or signal attenuation. RP WATSON, AI (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0592:LFTNDN>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400011 ER PT J AU ELLROD, GP AF ELLROD, GP TI ADVANCES IN THE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FOG AT NIGHT USING GOES MULTISPECTRAL INFRARED IMAGERY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A technique is described for the detection of fog and low clouds at night using multispectral infrared (IR) imagery from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites(GOES). The technique requires subtraction and enhancement of digital data from IR window channels at 3.9- and 10.7-11.2-mu m wavelengths. Resulting images show stratiform clouds over any type of terrain for a wide range of surface temperature conditions. The bispectral difference images are a considerable improvement over the use of enhanced images for a single window IR channel. An image enhancement technique that displays the approximate depth of fog was developed based on the correlation of brightness differences in the two IR channels to cloud-top heights reported by aircraft, The improved resolution and greater frequency provided by the GOES I-M satellites will result in a substantial improvement in the ability to monitor areas of reduced ceilings and visibilities at night. RP ELLROD, GP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE APPLICAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 24 TC 83 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 606 EP 619 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0606:AITDAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400012 ER PT J AU MCCOLLUM, DM MADDOX, RA HOWARD, KW AF MCCOLLUM, DM MADDOX, RA HOWARD, KW TI CASE-STUDY OF A SEVERE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM IN CENTRAL ARIZONA SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MONSOON; GULF AB A mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed over central Arizona during the late evening and early morning of 23-24 July 1990 and produced widespread heavy rain, strong winds, and damage to buildings, vehicles, power poles, and trees across northern sections of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Although forecasters from both the National Weather Service and National Severe Storms Laboratory, working together in the 1990 SouthWest Area Monsoon Project(SWAMP), did not expect thunderstorms to develop, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings were issued for central Arizona between 0300 and 0500 local standard time. This study examines the precursor and supportive environment of the mesoscale convective system, drawing upon routine synoptic data and special observations gathered during SWAMP. During the evening of 23 July and the early morning of 24 July, low-level southwesterly flow developed and advected moisture present over southwest Arizona across south-central Arizona into the Foothills and mountains north and northeast of Phoenix. The increase in moisture produced substantial convective instability in an environment that bad been quite stable during the late afternoon. Thunderstorms rapidly developed as this occurred. Outflow from these thunderstorms likely moved downslope into the lower deserts of central Arizona, helping to initiate additional convection. The most persistent convective activity developed within a region of Low-level convergence between a pronounced mesoscale outflow boundary and the low-level southwesterly flow. The resultant MCS moved to the south-southeast and weakened just south of Phoenix, while its outflow apparently forced new thunderstorm development north of Tucson. The operational sounding and surface observation network in Arizona failed to detect important mesoscale circulations and thermodynamic gradients that contributed to the occurrence of the severe weather over central Arizona. In this case, conditions favorable for severe thunderstorms developed rapidly, over a period of a few hours. Large-scale analyses provided little insight into the causes of this particular severe weather event. Higher time and space resolution observational data may be needed to improve forecasts of some severe weather events over the Phoenix area. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,NORMAN,OK 73019. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 643 EP 665 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0643:CSOASM>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RQ784 UT WOS:A1995RQ78400015 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR AF HANSON, DR TI REACTIVITY OF CLONO2 ON (H2O)-O-18 ICE AND ORGANIC LIQUIDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; CHLORINE NITRATE; SULFURIC-ACID; ANTARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; WATER; HCL; OZONE; HNO3 AB The reactive uptake of ClONO2 onto O-18-labeled ice and onto organic liquids was measured in a cylindrical flow tube reactor using chemical ionization detection. The hydrolysis of CIONO2 on (H2O)-O-18 ice produced primarily (HOCl)-O-18, indicating that the Cl-ONO2 bond is broken upon hydrolysis on ice. The loss of ClONO2 onto Liquid organic surfaces (ethylene glycol, cyclohexanone, decanol, and tridecane) was found to be efficient (reaction probability > 0.06), and the product HNO3 was detected in the gas phase. This suggests that dissociation or ionization are not prerequisites for heterogeneous reactions of ClONO2. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD AUG 31 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 35 BP 13059 EP 13061 DI 10.1021/j100035a003 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RR846 UT WOS:A1995RR84600003 ER PT J AU REKHARSKY, MV GOLDBERG, RN SCHWARZ, FP TEWARI, YB ROSS, PD YAMASHOJI, Y INOUE, Y AF REKHARSKY, MV GOLDBERG, RN SCHWARZ, FP TEWARI, YB ROSS, PD YAMASHOJI, Y INOUE, Y TI THERMODYNAMIC AND NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS OF ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN AND BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN WITH MODEL SUBSTANCES - PHENETHYLAMINE, EPHEDRINES, AND RELATED SUBSTANCES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; COMPLEX-FORMATION; CYCLOMALTOHEXAOSE; BINDING; TITRATION; WATER; 25-DEGREES; STABILITY AB Titration calorimetry was used to measure equilibrium constants and standard molar enthalpies for the reactions of phenethylamine, ephedrines, and related substances with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin. Changes in the chemical shifts Delta delta of both the ligand and cyclodextrin protons were measured with NMR. The thermodynamic results have been examined in terms of structural features of the ligand that affect these interactions such as the separation of the charge at an amino group and the aromatic ring, steric effects, the presence of additional functional groups (amino, hydroxy, methoxy, and methyl) attached to the aromatic ring, the presence and location of hydroxy group(s) on the ligand, changes in the chirality of the ligand, and the flexibility of the organic molecules attached to the aromatic ring. It was found that the values of thermodynamic quantities for these reactions in phosphate and acetate buffers were different. This difference is attributable to the presence of a hydrophobic alkyl group in the neutral acetic acid molecule and its interaction with the cyclodextrins. Also, there are significant differences in the thermodynamic quantities for the reactions of the chiral isomers of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in their reactions with beta-cyclodextrin. A plot of the standard molar enthalpy vs the standard molar entropy for the reactions of these chiral isomers with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin is linear; the relative order of the ephedrines and pseudoephedrines in the enthalpy-entropy plot is the same for the reactions of these substances with both alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin. NMR studies demonstrated that the magnitude of the upfield shifts of the cyclodextrin's H3 and H5 protons, Delta delta(H3) and Delta delta(H5), and their relative ratio, Delta delta(H5)/Delta delta(H3), can be used, respectively, as a measure of the complex stability and the depth of inclusion of the ligand into the cavity. The equilibrium constants determined by titration calorimetry correlate well with the changes in chemical shifts Delta delta determined by NMR. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIH,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OSAKA UNIV,FAC ENGN,DEPT MOLEC CHEM,SUITA,OSAKA 565,JAPAN. NR 39 TC 181 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 30 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 34 BP 8830 EP 8840 DI 10.1021/ja00139a017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RR735 UT WOS:A1995RR73500017 ER PT J AU WALLACE, WE WU, WL AF WALLACE, WE WU, WL TI A NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THIN-FILM DENSITY BY ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY REFLECTIVITY SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A technique utilizing the reflection of x-rays to determine material density at flat surfaces is described. The effects of sample misalignment limit the accuracy of x-ray reflectivity as typically practiced. These effects may be properly accounted for by measuring the critical angle for reflection at many different x-ray wavelengths simultaneously from which an extrapolation of the position of the critical angle at infinite wavelength may be made. This extrapolation has the effect of correcting for sample misalignment. Use of the technique is demonstrated for single-crystal silicon surfaces and for silica spin-on-glass thin films. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. RP WALLACE, WE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.1063/1.115007 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RR042 UT WOS:A1995RR04200009 ER PT J AU OTTO, R HUHNERMANN, H READER, J WYART, JF AF OTTO, R HUHNERMANN, H READER, J WYART, JF TI HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE INVESTIGATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF NEW ENERGY-LEVELS IN THE IONIC SPECTRUM OF PM-147 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Hyperfine structure splittings have been measured for 75 lines of singly ionized promethium (PmII)-Pm-147 with a hollow cathode discharge and a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole splitting factors A and B have been determined for 10 levels of the 4f(5)6s configuration, 2 levels of 4f(5)5d, and 57 upper undesignated levels. The A-factors are in general agreement with calculated values. With the aid of Hartree-Fock calculations and Zeeman-effect data, four new levels of the 4f(5)(H-6)5d K-7 term were located. The strong lines terminating on these K-7 levels originate from levels of 4f(5)(H-6)6p I-7, which were already known, but had not been designated. An unidentified line at 556.17 nm previously observed with collinear laser ion-beam spectroscopy is now classified as 4f(5)(H-6)5d K-7(6)-4f(5)(H-6)6p I-7(5). C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CTR UNIV ORSAY,AIME COTTON LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP OTTO, R (reprint author), UNIV MARBURG,FACHBEREICH PHYS,RENTHOF 5,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 16 BP 3615 EP 3627 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/28/16/014 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RT170 UT WOS:A1995RT17000014 ER PT J AU UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ ANDERSON, IS AF UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ ANDERSON, IS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS IN THE OCTAHEDRAL SUBLATTICES OF LAD2.25 AND LAH2.25 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; HYDROGEN VIBRATIONS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; C-AXIS; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DIHYDRIDES; BEHAVIOR; YTTRIUM AB Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy was used to characterize the optic-vibrational density of states (DOS) of the octahedrally coordinated deuterium (D-o) and hydrogen (H-o) atoms in LaD2.25, LaH2.25, and LaH2.03 The DOS exhibits a temperature- and concentration-dependent behaviour consistent with that observed previously for the analogous beta-TbH2+x, system. At low temperature, the H-o DOS for LaH2.03 is fairly sharp with minor spectral sidebands, indicating that the H-o atoms are predominantly isolated, with some atoms residing in short-range-ordered domains. Increasing the H-o (or D-o) concentration to LaH2.25 (or LaD2.25) yields a dispersion-broadened bimodal DOS characteristic of the H-o (or D-o) I4/mmm long-range order that develops in the octahedral sublattice at low temperatures and these higher H-o (or D-o) concentrations. For LaH2.25 at higher temperature (340 K), a broad, somewhat asymmetric DOS is suggestive of an H-o sublattice that is now largely disordered yet still possesses some degree of short-range order. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 28 PY 1995 VL 7 IS 35 BP 7005 EP 7014 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/7/35/007 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RT171 UT WOS:A1995RT17100007 ER PT J AU PEREZ, E BENAVENTE, R BELLO, A PERENA, JM VANDERHART, DL AF PEREZ, E BENAVENTE, R BELLO, A PERENA, JM VANDERHART, DL TI SOLID-STATE C-13 NMR-STUDY OF THERMOTROPIC POLY(BIBENZOATES) .2. POLY(TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL P,P'-BIBENZOATE) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLY; POLY(HEPTAMETHYLENE P,P'-BIBENZOATE); CRYSTALLINE; POLYBIBENZOATES; POLYESTERS; POLYMERS; SPACERS; PHASE AB Several samples of thermotropic poly(triethylene glycol p,p'-bibenzoate) (PTEB) with different thermal histories have been analyzed by DSC, X-ray scattering, and solid-state C-13 and H-1 NMR. This polymer can be quenched into the smectic LC state and becomes semicrystalline (approximate to 0.39 crystalline fraction) upon annealing for 12 days at 85 degrees C (sample 85A). Also, annealing for 33 months at ambient temperatures (sample RTA1) yields a approximate to 31%-crystalline sample, owing to a T-g of 20 degrees C. By C-13 NMR, the spectra of the crystalline fraction of these two semicrystalline samples are isolated. These two spectra, in the aromatic region, are very similar; however, in the aliphatic region there are significant differences which probably originate from conformational differences within the spacer. DSC data show a significant contrast in crystalline melting points for the RTA1 and 85A samples. Small-angle synchrotron and NMR spin diffusion data, combined with crystallinity values, yield a picture of relatively thin crystallites, about 3 repeat units thick in the 85A sample and about 2 units thick in the RTA1 sample so there is some question as to whether the crystallites are thick enough to express their undistorted crystalline habit in the isolated NMR spectra and whether the melting point difference can be attributed to different crystal thicknesses, as opposed to polymorphism. Synchrotron data taken in the region of the smectic layer spacing show that layer spacings persist in all samples, quenched or annealed. Yet there are definite changes in these layer spacings which accompany crystallization. In view of the thin nature of the crystallites, however, the relatively narrow width of these synchrotron peaks suggests a;periodicity which must encompass both the noncrystalline (NC) and the crystalline regions. Selected NMR relaxation measurements also bear out the notion that molecular mobility within the LC regions of quenched samples and the NC regions of semicrystalline samples is similar, although not identical. Finally, the C-13 spectral observations in the region of the aliphatic carbons for the 85A sample suggest one of two possibilities: either the spacer conformation in the interior of the crystallites differs from the conformation near the crystal/NC interface or there is polymorphism. A split peak for the layer line in the synchrotron data also supports the notion of polymorphism. C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CSIC,INST CIENCIA & TECNOL POLIMEROS,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Benavente, Rosario/F-5034-2016; OI Benavente, Rosario/0000-0003-0416-0151; Perez, Ernesto/0000-0002-5144-9268 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 28 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 18 BP 6211 EP 6218 DI 10.1021/ma00122a031 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RT241 UT WOS:A1995RT24100031 ER PT J AU BASCH, H STEVENS, WJ AF BASCH, H STEVENS, WJ TI HYDROGEN-BONDING BETWEEN AROMATICS AND CATIONIC AMINO-GROUPS SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINE-BINDING; PI INTERACTIONS; WATER DIMER; ION AB The proximity of cationic amino groups to aromatic rings in proteins as a motif has been used to interpret specificity, structural and conformational stability, and even catalytic activity in biological systems. To quantify these interactions, ammonium cation-aromatic ring complexes have been geometry-optimized using the 3-21G basis set at the Hartree-Fock level. Final binding energies are obtained from single-point RHF and MP2/6-31G* level calculations at the 3-21G optimized geometries. The cation species include NH4+, CH3NH3+, and (CH3N+, and the aromatic systems (models for amino acid side-chains) consist of benzene, toluene (phenylalanine), paramethylphenol (tyrosine) and 4-methylindole (tryptophan). Twenty-five distinct complex geometries are obtained which can be represented by ten generic structures. The MP2 binding energies at the 3-21G optimized geometries compare very well with experiment. Special binding sites at the electronegative atoms (oxygen in paramethylphenol and nitrogen in 4-methylindole) are also found. The effect of basis set and theoretical level on the calculated results is tested and discussed. A reduced variational space binding energy component analysis of the ammonium-benzene complex shows the binding energy to have similar contributions from electrostatic (including exchange repulsion), polarization, and charge transfer terms. Comparison with potassium ion/benzene shows similar binding energy but significantly different binding energy components. C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 28 PY 1995 VL 338 BP 303 EP 315 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RR608 UT WOS:A1995RR60800027 ER PT J AU TURNIPSEED, AA GILES, MK BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TURNIPSEED, AA GILES, MK BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR TI LIF DETECTION OF IO AND THE RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR I+O-3 AND IO+NO REACTIONS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE ATMOSPHERE; IODINE; KINETICS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RADICALS; NO; HYDROCARBONS; MECHANISM AB Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) from the (0, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0), and (2, 1) bands of the A(2) Pi(3/2) <-- X (2) Pi(3/2) system of IO was detected. Using LIF detection of IO, the rate coefficients for I + O-3 --> IO + O-2 (k(1)) and IO + NO --> I + NO2 (k(2)) reactions were measured between 240 and 370 K to be k(1)(T)=(2.3 +/- 0.7) X 10(-11) exp[-(860 +/- 100)/T] and k(2)(T)= (1.02 +/- 0.31) X 10(-11) exp[(185 +/-:70)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 242 IS 4-5 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00774-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RT135 UT WOS:A1995RT13500009 ER PT J AU CHAKRABARTI, N BALASUBRAMANIAN, V SATHYAMURTHY, N GADZUK, JW AF CHAKRABARTI, N BALASUBRAMANIAN, V SATHYAMURTHY, N GADZUK, JW TI PHOTOINDUCED DESORPTION IN NO/PT - A TIME-DEPENDENT QUANTUM-MECHANICAL STUDY SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN SURFACE-REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB We have carried out a TDQM study of photoinduced desorption in NO/Pt by involving hot electron transfer and allowing different residence times (tau(R)) On the excited state potential-energy surface. The desorption probability (P-des) is dependent on tau(R), but it is clear from the results that the substantial P-des can be accounted for by assuming tau(R) is in the range 20-60 fs. The study also accounts for vibrational excitation in the desorbed NO. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHAKRABARTI, N (reprint author), INDIAN INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,KANPUR 208016,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 242 IS 4-5 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00749-T PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RT135 UT WOS:A1995RT13500019 ER PT J AU RHODERICK, GC AF RHODERICK, GC TI DEVELOPMENT OF GAS STANDARDS FROM SOLID 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article AB For over fifteen years the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been preparing gas standards containing volatile organic compounds at sub mu mol/mol (ppm) concentrations. These standards have been prepared using organic compounds that are either gases or liquids at room temperature. A microgravimetric technique was developed previously to prepare standards containing these compounds in treated aluminum gas cylinders using a one step dilution. Requests were received to prepare gas standards containing the compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene. These requests posed a major problem in that 1,4-dichlorobenzene is a solid at room temperature. Research was undertaken, using the microgravimetric procedure, to determine if it was feasible to prepare gas standards from solid phase compounds. In the first stage of research the liquid phase compound 1,2-dichlorobenzene, previously studied at NIST in gas mixtures, was used as an internal standard. Results from analyses of a prepared gas standard showed that the response factor on a gas chromatograph flame-ionization detector for 1,3-dichlorobenzene was 3% less than that for 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Additional analyses using liquid solution standards also showed a lower response factor for 1,3-dichlorobenzene of 2.9% on average. It was assumed that 1,4-dichlorobenzene would have a similar response and that the 1,2-dichlorobenzene response could be used to determine the concentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene Analyses of a liquid solution standard confirmed that the response factor for 1,4-dichlorobenzene was on average 3.2% less than that of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. A gas standard was prepared containing 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene at nominal concentrations of 250 nmol/mol (ppb). Analytical results showed that the concentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene determined from 1,2-dichlorobenzene was within 3% of the gravimetric value. Further research using two standards containing 1,4-dichlorobenzene revealed that they agreed exactly with the gravimetric concentrations. These results verified the ability to prepare accurate gas standards of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in gas cylinders. RP RHODERICK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 710 IS 1 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01211-V PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU449 UT WOS:A1995RU44900020 ER PT J AU URABE, T BAKER, ET ISHIBASHI, J FEELY, RA MARUMO, K MASSOTH, GJ MARUYAMA, A SHITASHIMA, K OKAMURA, K LUPTON, JE SONODA, A YAMAZAKI, T AOKI, M GENDRON, J GREENE, R KAIHO, Y KISIMOTO, K LEBON, G MATSUMOTO, T NAKAMURA, K NISHIZAWA, A OKANO, O PARADIS, G ROE, K SHIBATA, T TENNANT, D VANCE, T WALKER, SL YABUKI, T YTOW, N AF URABE, T BAKER, ET ISHIBASHI, J FEELY, RA MARUMO, K MASSOTH, GJ MARUYAMA, A SHITASHIMA, K OKAMURA, K LUPTON, JE SONODA, A YAMAZAKI, T AOKI, M GENDRON, J GREENE, R KAIHO, Y KISIMOTO, K LEBON, G MATSUMOTO, T NAKAMURA, K NISHIZAWA, A OKANO, O PARADIS, G ROE, K SHIBATA, T TENNANT, D VANCE, T WALKER, SL YABUKI, T YTOW, N TI THE EFFECT OF MAGMATIC ACTIVITY ON HYDROTHERMAL VENTING ALONG THE SUPERFAST-SPREADING EAST PACIFIC RISE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC STRUCTURE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; PLUMES; OCEAN AB A survey of hydrothermal activity along the superfast-spreading (approximately 150 millimeters per year) East Pacific Rise shows that hydrothermal plumes overlay approximately 60 percent of the ridge crest between 13 degrees 50' and 18 degrees 40'S, a plume abundance nearly twice that known from any other ridge portion of comparable length. Plumes were most abundant where the axial cross section is inflated and an axial magma chamber is present. Plumes with high ratios of volatile (He-3, CH4, and H2S) to nonvolatile (Mn and Fe) species marked where hydrothermal circulation has been perturbed by recent magmatic activity. The high proportion of volatile-rich plumes observed implies that such episodes are more frequent here than on slower spreading ridges. C1 NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. UNIV TOKYO, FAC SCI, EARTHQUAKE CHEM LAB, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. NATL INST BIOSCI & HUMAN TECHNOL, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. CENT RES INST ELECT POWER IND, ABIKO, CHIBA 270, JAPAN. KYOTO UNIV, INSTRUMENTAL ANAL RES CTR, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. NIPPON MARINE ENTERPRISES LTD, YOKOSUKA, KANAGAWA, JAPAN. JAPAN MARINE SCI & TECHNOL CTR, YOKOSUKA, KANAGAWA 237, JAPAN. MARITIME SAFETY AGCY JAPAN, DEPT HYDROG, TOKYO 104, JAPAN. OKAYAMA UNIV, DEPT EARTH SCI, OKAYAMA 700, JAPAN. UNIV TSUKUBA, INST BIOL SCI, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. RP URABE, T (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY JAPAN, 1-1 HIGRASHI, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. RI SHIBATA, Tsugio/B-1544-2011; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; OKAMURA, Kei/C-7817-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; OKAMURA, Kei/0000-0002-7796-4284 NR 34 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5227 BP 1092 EP 1095 DI 10.1126/science.269.5227.1092 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RQ748 UT WOS:A1995RQ74800041 PM 17755532 ER PT J AU CIAIS, P TANS, PP TROLIER, M WHITE, JWC FRANCEY, RJ AF CIAIS, P TANS, PP TROLIER, M WHITE, JWC FRANCEY, RJ TI A LARGE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TERRESTRIAL CO2 SINK INDICATED BY THE C-13/C-12 RATIO OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OCEANIC UPTAKE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; BUDGET; MODEL AB Measurements of the concentrations and carbon-13/carbon-12 isotope ratios of atmospheric carbon dioxide can be used to quantify the net removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the oceans and terrestrial plants. A study of weekly samples from a global network of 43 sites defined the latitudinal and temporal patterns of the two carbon sinks. A strong terrestrial biospheric sink was found in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in 1992 and 1993, the magnitude of which is roughly half that of the global fossil fuel burning emissions for those years. The challenge now is to identify those processes that would cause the terrestrial biosphere to absorb carbon dioxide in such large quantities. C1 UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. CEA,DSM,LMCE,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RI White, James/A-7845-2009 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684 NR 29 TC 579 Z9 635 U1 7 U2 89 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5227 BP 1098 EP 1102 DI 10.1126/science.269.5227.1098 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RQ748 UT WOS:A1995RQ74800043 PM 17755534 ER PT J AU MYERS, RA BARROWMAN, NJ HUTCHINGS, JA ROSENBERG, AA AF MYERS, RA BARROWMAN, NJ HUTCHINGS, JA ROSENBERG, AA TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS AT LOW POPULATION-LEVELS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STABILITY AB Models of population dynamics in which per capita reproductive success declines at low population levels (variously known as depensation, the Allee effect, and inverse density-dependence) predict that populations can have multiple equilibria and may suddenly shift from one equilibrium to another. If such depensatory dynamics exist, reduced mortality may be insufficient to allow recovery of a population after abundance has been severely reduced by harvesting. Estimates of spawner abundance and number of surviving progeny for 128 fish stocks indicated only 3 stocks with significant depensation. Estimates of the statistical power of the tests strengthen the conclusion that depensatory dynamics are not apparent for fish populations at the levels studied. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP MYERS, RA (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,NW ATLANTIC FISHERIES CTR,POB 5667,ST JOHNS,NF A1C 5X1,CANADA. OI Barrowman, Nicholas/0000-0002-4704-9595 NR 22 TC 294 Z9 300 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5227 BP 1106 EP 1108 DI 10.1126/science.269.5227.1106 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RQ748 UT WOS:A1995RQ74800045 PM 17755535 ER PT J AU VILLALTA, PW HUEY, LG HOWARD, CJ AF VILLALTA, PW HUEY, LG HOWARD, CJ TI A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETICS STUDY OF THE CH3O2+NO REACTION USING CHEMICAL-IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PEROXY-RADICALS; RATE COEFFICIENT; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; NO; CHEMISTRY; SERIES; 295-K AB The rate constant of the CH3O2 + NO gas-phase reaction was measured over the temperature range 199-429 K-using chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection of the CH3O2 reactant. The temperature-dependent expression for the rate constant was determined to be k(T) = (2.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(-12) exp{(285 +/- 60)/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The 298 K rate constant, k = (7.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), agrees well with previous results. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. OI Villalta, Peter/0000-0002-0067-3083 NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD AUG 24 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 34 BP 12829 EP 12834 DI 10.1021/j100034a023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RR250 UT WOS:A1995RR25000023 ER PT J AU MOUNTAIN, RD AF MOUNTAIN, RD TI COMPARISON OF A FIXED-CHARGE AND A POLARIZABLE WATER MODEL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIQUID WATER; 25-DEGREES-C; ALGORITHM AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine two models for water. The first model is the fixed-charge model introduced by Stillinger and Rahman and the second model is the polarizable model developed by Dang. The site-site, intermolecular pair distribution functions and the hydrogen bond lifetimes are determined for three fluid states for which neutron-diffraction determined pair functions exist. The trends in the pair functions and the bond lifetimes with decreasing density and increasing temperature for both models are similar, with the fixed-charge model pair functions changing more slowly, and the bond lifetimes more rapidly than those for the polarizable model. For the temperatures and densities examined, the explicit inclusion of polarization in the interactions appears to have a relatively small effect on the pair functions. RP MOUNTAIN, RD (reprint author), NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, DIV THERMOPHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 8 BP 3084 EP 3090 DI 10.1063/1.470497 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RP715 UT WOS:A1995RP71500034 ER PT J AU VANZEE, RD STEPHENSON, JC AF VANZEE, RD STEPHENSON, JC TI LIFETIME OF THE CH3OH INTERMEDIATE IN THE REACTION CH4+O(D-1(2))-]CH3OH-]CH3+OH (VOL 102, PG 6946, 1995) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction, Addition RP VANZEE, RD (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 8 BP 3272 EP 3272 DI 10.1063/1.470261 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RP715 UT WOS:A1995RP71500054 ER PT J AU ZIBROV, AS LUKIN, MD NIKONOV, DE HOLLBERG, L SCULLY, MO VELICHANSKY, VL ROBINSON, HG AF ZIBROV, AS LUKIN, MD NIKONOV, DE HOLLBERG, L SCULLY, MO VELICHANSKY, VL ROBINSON, HG TI EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF LASER OSCILLATION WITHOUT POPULATION-INVERSION VIA QUANTUM INTERFERENCE IN RB SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AMPLIFICATION; ATOMIC COHERENCE; 3-LEVEL MEDIUM; RESONANCES; SYSTEM; SODIUM; FIELDS; MODEL AB Laser oscillation without population inversion is demonstrated experimentally in a V-type atomic configuration within the D-1 and D-2 lines of Rb vapor. It is shown that the effect is due to the atomic interference. The experimental results, as first predicted by careful theoretical analysis, are in a good agreement with detailed calculations. C1 HOUSTON ADV RES CTR, TEXAS LASER LAB, THE WOODLANDS, TX 77381 USA. MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW 117924, RUSSIA. RP TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT PHYS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RI Nikonov, Dmitri/B-6502-2011; Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 OI Nikonov, Dmitri/0000-0002-1436-1267; NR 31 TC 480 Z9 490 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1499 EP 1502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1499 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RP993 UT WOS:A1995RP99300017 ER PT J AU GLOTZER, SC STAUFFER, D JAN, N AF GLOTZER, SC STAUFFER, D JAN, N TI MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS OF PHASE-SEPARATION IN CHEMICALLY REACTIVE BINARY-MIXTURES - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION PROCESS; BLENDS C1 UNIV COLOGNE,INST THEORET PHYS,D-50923 COLOGNE,GERMANY. ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANTIGONISH,NS B2G 2W5,CANADA. RP GLOTZER, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR THEORET & COMPUTAT MAT SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1675 EP 1675 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1675 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RP993 UT WOS:A1995RP99300062 ER PT J AU LOVEJOY, ER HANSON, DR AF LOVEJOY, ER HANSON, DR TI UV SPECTROSCOPY OF SUBMICRON SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 9 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601439 ER PT J AU SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE DIMEO, F POIRIER, GE SUEHLE, JS CHAPRALA, P AF SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE DIMEO, F POIRIER, GE SUEHLE, JS CHAPRALA, P TI MATERIALS ISSUES FOR CONDUCTOMETRIC GAS MICROSENSOR ARRAYS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 18 EP MTLS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901819 ER PT J AU ZACHARIAH, MR MCMILLIN, B SHULL, RD AF ZACHARIAH, MR MCMILLIN, B SHULL, RD TI SYNTHESIS AND IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES FROM VAPOR-PHASE CONDENSATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 18 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901490 ER PT J AU GUSLER, GM MCKENNA, GB AF GUSLER, GM MCKENNA, GB TI THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AGING ON THE CRAZING BEHAVIOR OF POLYSTYRENE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 22 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901289 ER PT J AU THOMSON, DS MURPHY, DM AF THOMSON, DS MURPHY, DM TI MASS-SPECTROSCOPY OF SINGLE AEROSOLS FROM FIELD-MEASUREMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 23 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601453 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JB SHARPLESS, KS KLINE, MC SNIEGOSKI, LT ELLERBE, PM SCHILLER, SB WISE, SA AF THOMAS, JB SHARPLESS, KS KLINE, MC SNIEGOSKI, LT ELLERBE, PM SCHILLER, SB WISE, SA TI PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 968B - FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND CHOLESTEROL IN HUMAN SERUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 25 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600373 ER PT J AU BURKHOLDER, JB AF BURKHOLDER, JB TI LABORATORY STUDIES OF HALOGEN-CONTAINING SPECIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 51 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25900970 ER PT J AU GARBOCZI, EJ BENTZ, DP AF GARBOCZI, EJ BENTZ, DP TI PERCOLATION PHENOMENA BY COMPUTER-SIMULATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 60 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25602023 ER PT J AU SILES, BA NACKERDIEN, ZE COLLIER, GB AF SILES, BA NACKERDIEN, ZE COLLIER, GB TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW SIZE-SIEVING POLYMER MATRIX IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION OF DNA-DAMAGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. TREVIGEN INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 86 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600435 ER PT J AU ZACHARIAH, MR BURGESS, D TSANG, W WESTMORELAND, PR MELIUS, CF AF ZACHARIAH, MR BURGESS, D TSANG, W WESTMORELAND, PR MELIUS, CF TI THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF THERMOCHEMISTRY AND KINETICS OF FLUOROCARBONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 101 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601530 ER PT J AU ARRIVO, SM DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ AF ARRIVO, SM DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ TI ULTRAFAST TRANSIENT IR SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDROGEN-BOND AND VIBRATIONAL UP-PUMPING DYNAMICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 106 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901022 ER PT J AU HUIE, RE AF HUIE, RE TI FREE-RADICAL CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AQUEOUS-PHASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 120 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901036 ER PT J AU CHECHERSKY, VD KOPELEV, NS NATH, A ZHANG, B VIA, GV WANG, ZL AF CHECHERSKY, VD KOPELEV, NS NATH, A ZHANG, B VIA, GV WANG, ZL TI IRON(II) PHTHALOCYANINE DECOMPOSITION - NEW ASPECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DREXEL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 154 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901069 ER PT J AU LEONE, SR KLAASSEN, JJ LINDNER, J AF LEONE, SR KLAASSEN, JJ LINDNER, J TI DYNAMICAL STUDIES OF THE HOI PRODUCT FORMED IN THE REACTION BETWEEN O(3P) AND ALKYL IODIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 171 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901086 ER PT J AU BROWN, LA HANSON, D GRAHAM, JD AF BROWN, LA HANSON, D GRAHAM, JD TI THE UPTAKE OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE BY TYPE-II POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 209 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901124 ER PT J AU LUKEHART, CM MILNE, SB STOCK, SR SHULL, RD WITTIG, JE AF LUKEHART, CM MILNE, SB STOCK, SR SHULL, RD WITTIG, JE TI NANOCOMPOSITES CONTAINING NANOCLUSTERS OF SELECTED 1ST ROW TRANSITION-METAL PHOSPHIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MAT SCI & ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT APPL & ENGN SCI,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 238 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901710 ER PT J AU RAVISHANKARA, AR AF RAVISHANKARA, AR TI ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF HYDROGEN HALIDES - REACTIONS ON ICE AND IN STRONG ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 342 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901256 ER PT J AU STEJSKAL, A STONE, JA AF STEJSKAL, A STONE, JA TI FREQUENCY STABILIZATION OF A GREEN HE-NE-LASER SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE STABILIZED LASER; GREEN HE-NE; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; 543 NM ID ZEEMAN LASER; NM AB A new process for stabilizing the frequency of commercially available 543-nm He-Ne lasers is described. The stabilization method is based on anomalous dispersion of the gain medium. A total of four green lasers have been stabilized-two at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and two at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences-making it possible to study frequency variations of the lasers relative to each other. We have also stabilized a 633-nm laser by the use of the same method used for 543 nm. C1 NIST,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP STEJSKAL, A (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST SCI INSTRUMENTS,KRALOVOPOLSKA 147,CR-61264 BRNO,CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 24 BP 5278 EP 5281 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA RP421 UT WOS:A1995RP42100003 PM 21060345 ER PT J AU MOTTELER, HE STROW, LL MCMILLIN, L GUALTIERI, JA AF MOTTELER, HE STROW, LL MCMILLIN, L GUALTIERI, JA TI COMPARISON OF NEURAL NETWORKS AND REGRESSION-BASED METHODS FOR TEMPERATURE RETRIEVALS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE SOUNDING; REMOTE SENSING; NEURAL NETWORKS ID TIROS-N; INVERSION; HIRS2; MSU AB Two methods for performing clear-air temperature retrievals from simulated radiances for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder are investigated. Neural networks are compared with a well-known Linear method in which regression is performed after a change of bases. With large channel sets, both methods can rapidly perform clear-air retrievals over a variety of climactic conditions with an overall RMS error of less than 1 K. The Jacobian of the neural network is compared with the Jacobian (the regression coefficients) of the linear method, revealing a more fine-scale variation than expected from the underlying physics, particularly for the neural net. Some pragmatic information concerning the application of neural nets to retrieval problems is also included. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUGHES STX,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP MOTTELER, HE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT COMP SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21228, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 24 BP 5390 EP 5397 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA RP421 UT WOS:A1995RP42100018 PM 21060360 ER PT J AU BERGIN, MH JAFFREZO, JL DAVIDSON, CI DIBB, JE PANDIS, SN HILLAMO, R MAENHAUT, W KUHNS, HD MAKELA, T AF BERGIN, MH JAFFREZO, JL DAVIDSON, CI DIBB, JE PANDIS, SN HILLAMO, R MAENHAUT, W KUHNS, HD MAKELA, T TI THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SNOW, FOG, AND DRY DEPOSITION TO THE SUMMER FLUX OF ANIONS AND CATIONS AT SUMMIT, GREENLAND SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; ICE-SHEET; AEROSOL; AIR; SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLES; NITRATES; SULFATE; CORE AB Experiments were performed during the period May-July of 1993 at Summit, Greenland. Aerosol mass size distributions as well as daily average concentrations of several anionic and cationic species were measured. Dry deposition velocities for SO42- were estimated using surrogate surfaces (symmetric airfoils) as well as impactor data. Real-time concentrations of particles greater than 0.5 mu m and greater than 0.01 mu m were measured. Snow and fog samples from nearly all of the events occurring during the field season were collected. Filter sampler results indicate that SO42- is the dominant aerosol anion species, with Na+, NH4+, and Ca2+ being the dominant cations, Impactor results indicate that MSA and SO42- have similar mass size distributions. Furthermore, MSA and SO42- have mass in both the accumulation and coarse modes. A limited number of samples for NH4+ indicate that it exists in the accumulation mode. Na, K, Mg, and Ca exist primarily in the coarse mode. Dry deposition velocities estimated from impactor samples and a theory for dry deposition to snow range from 0.017 cm/s +/- 0.011 cm/s for NH4+ to 0.110 cm/s +/- 0.021 cm/s for Ca.SO42- dry deposition velocity estimates using airfoils are in the range 0.023 cm/s to 0.062 cm/s, as much as 60% greater than values calculated using the airborne size distribution data. The rough agreement between the airfoil and impactor-estimated dry deposition velocities suggests that the airfoils may be used to approximate the dry deposition to the snow surface. Laser particle counter (LPC) results show that particles > 0.5 mu m in diameter efficiently serve as nuclei to form fog droplets. Condensation nuclei (CN) measurements indicate that particles < 0.5 mu m are not as greatly affected by fog. Furthermore, impactor measurements suggest that from 50% to 80% of the aerosol SO42- serves as nuclei for fog droplets. Snow deposition is the dominant mechanism transporting chemicals to the ice sheet. For NO3. a species that apparently exists primarily in the gas phase as HNO3(g), 93% of the seasonal inventory (mass of a deposited chemical species per unit area during the season) is due to snow deposition, which suggests efficient scavenging of HNO3(g) by snowflakes. The contribution of snow deposition to the seasonal inventories of aerosols ranges from 45% for MSA to 76% for NH4+. The contribution of fog to the seasonal inventories ranges from 13% for Na+ and Ca2+ to 25% and 32% for SO2-4 and MSA. The dry deposition contribution to the seasonal inventories of the aerosol species is as low as 5% for NH4+ and as high as 23% for MSA. The seasonal inventory estimations do not take into consideration the spatial variability caused by blowing and drifting snow. Overall, results indicate that snow deposition of chemical species is the dominant flux mechanism during the summer at Summit and that all three deposition processes should be considered when estimating atmospheric concentrations based on ice core chemical signals. C1 CRNS, LAB GLACIOL & GEOPHYS ENVIRONNEMENT, F-38402 ST MARTIN DHERES, FRANCE. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT CHEM ENGN, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. FINNISH METEOROL INST, DEPT AIR QUAL, SF-00810 HELSINKI, FINLAND. STATE UNIV GHENT, INST NUCL WETENSCHAPPEN, B-9000 GHENT, BELGIUM. RP BERGIN, MH (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, RECGI, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013 OI Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627 NR 41 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16275 EP 16288 DI 10.1029/95JD01267 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700004 ER PT J AU BATEMAN, MG RUST, WD SMULL, BF MARSHALL, TC AF BATEMAN, MG RUST, WD SMULL, BF MARSHALL, TC TI PRECIPITATION CHARGE AND SIZE MEASUREMENTS IN THE STRATIFORM REGION OF 2 MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; RADAR; THUNDERSTORM; ORGANIZATION AB We measured the charge and size of precipitation particles with instrumented free balloons in the trailing stratiform regions of two different mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in Oklahoma. Each of these stratiform regions had a different type of vertical electric field structure, one of each of the two types commonly found in MCS stratiform regions. Using an instrument that measured precipitation charge from 4 to 400 pC and equivalent diameters from 0.8 to 8.0 mm, are found that (1) the particles measured were not the major charge carriers in these storms, implying that smaller particles were responsible for the measured field, (2) there was no obvious relation between precipitation charge and size or polarity and size, (3) the precipitation size distribution in and near the transition zone consisted of two independent populations, one centered at 2.6 mm and one at 4.9 mm, (4) the two lower charge layers in these storms were likely created by in situ charging processes, and (5) net precipitation charge density was small because nearly equal amounts of positive and negative precipitation charge existed at all altitudes measured. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA. NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES, NORMAN, OK USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16341 EP 16356 DI 10.1029/95JD01280 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700009 ER PT J AU COLLE, R UNTERWEGER, MP HODGE, PA HUTCHINSON, JMR WHITTLESTONE, S POLIAN, G ARDOUIN, B KAY, JG FRIEND, JP BLOMQUIST, BW NADLER, W DANG, TT LARSEN, RJ HUTTER, AR AF COLLE, R UNTERWEGER, MP HODGE, PA HUTCHINSON, JMR WHITTLESTONE, S POLIAN, G ARDOUIN, B KAY, JG FRIEND, JP BLOMQUIST, BW NADLER, W DANG, TT LARSEN, RJ HUTTER, AR TI AN INTERNATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON OF MARINE ATMOSPHERIC RADON-222 MEASUREMENTS IN BERMUDA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB As part of an international measurement intercomparison of instruments used to measure atmospheric Rn-222, four participating laboratories made nearly simultaneous measurements of Rn-222 activity concentration in commonly sampled, ambient air over approximately a 2-week period, and three of these four laboratories participated in the measurement comparison of 14 introduced samples with known, but undisclosed (''blind'') Rn-222 activity concentrations that could be related to U.S, national standards. The standardized sample additions were obtained with a calibrated Ra-226 source and a specially designed manifold used to obtain well-known dilution factors from simultaneous flow rate measurements. The exercise was conducted in Bermuda in October 1991. The Rn-222 activity concentrations in ambient Bermudian air over the course of the intercomparison ranged from a few hundredths to about 2 Bq m(-3), while the standardized sample additions covered a range from approximately 2.5 to 35 Bq m(-3). The overall uncertainty in the latter concentrations was in the general range of 10% at a 3 standard deviation uncertainty interval. The results of the intercomparison indicated that two of the laboratories were within very good agreement with the standard additions and almost within expected statistical variations. These same two laboratories, however, at lower ambient concentrations, exhibited a systematic difference with an averaged offset of roughly 0.3 Bq m(-3). The third laboratory participating in the measurement of standardized sample additions was systematically low by about 65-70%, which was also confirmed in their ambient air concentration measurements. The fourth laboratory, participating in only the ambient measurement part of the intercomparison, was also systematically low by at least 40% with respect to the first two aforementioned laboratories. C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG, MENAI, NSW 2234, AUSTRALIA. CEA, CTR FAIBLES RADIOACTIV, MIXTE LAB, CNRS, GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. DREXEL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ATMOSPHER CHEM LABS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. RP COLLE, R (reprint author), NIST, PHYS LAB, DIV IONIZING RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16617 EP 16638 DI 10.1029/95JD01535 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700026 ER PT J AU CHEN, P AF CHEN, P TI ISENTROPIC CROSS-TROPOPAUSE MASS-EXCHANGE IN THE EXTRATROPICS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DOWNWARD CONTROL; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSPORT; FORCES AB The extratropical stratosphere-troposphere SIT exchange is investigated on isentropic surfaces that intersect the tropopause, using a semi-Lagrangian transport model and analyzed winds from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It is found that the characteristics of extratropical SIT exchange exhibit two distinctive regimes. On the 330 K isentropic surface and below, S/T exchange occurs vigorously in all seasons, mainly caused by the irreversible mixing and transport by breaking synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbances. However, on and above the 340 K isentropic surface, S/T exchange exhibits a strong annual cycle where very little S/T exchange takes place in the winter hemisphere, but significant S/T exchange occurs in the summer hemisphere, particularly in the northern summer. It is argued that the weak SIT exchange in the winter hemisphere is mainly due to the barrier effect of the strong potential vorticity (PV) gradient at the tropopause and the active S/T exchange in the summer hemisphere is mainly associated with the summer Asian and Mexican monsoons in the northern summer and the Australia and South American monsoons in the southern summer. RP CHEN, P (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 37 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16661 EP 16673 DI 10.1029/95JD01264 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700029 ER PT J AU FREIDENREICH, SM RAMASWAMY, V AF FREIDENREICH, SM RAMASWAMY, V TI STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO IMPROVED SOLAR CO2 AND H2O PARAMETERIZATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION AB A fixed-dynamical heating model is used to investigate the temperature changes in the stratosphere due to improved CO2 and H2O shortwave heating parameterizations. Besides being governed by the magnitude of the local heating, the temperature change in any layer due to the improved parameterizations is also dependent on the distribution of the solar heating in other stratospheric layers. This is a consequence of the longwave radiative exchange process, in which the temperature change in other layers, due to the imposed heating perturbations, leads to an exchange of longwave radiative energy with the layer in question, thus affecting its response. Thus the vertical profile of the heating rate becomes a significant factor in determining the stratospheric thermal profile. This investigation also confirms the sensitivity of the temperature response in the lower stratosphere to perturbations in the shortwave CO2 and H2O heating. RP FREIDENREICH, SM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16721 EP 16725 DI 10.1029/95JD01468 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700033 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, D BONASONI, P DEMAZIERE, M EVANGELISTI, F GIOVANELLI, G GOLDMAN, A GOUTAIL, F HARDER, J JAKOUBEK, R JOHNSTON, P KERR, J MATTHEWS, WA MCELROY, T MCKENZIE, R MOUNT, G PLATT, U STUTZ, J THOMAS, A VANROOZENDAEL, M WU, E AF HOFMANN, D BONASONI, P DEMAZIERE, M EVANGELISTI, F GIOVANELLI, G GOLDMAN, A GOUTAIL, F HARDER, J JAKOUBEK, R JOHNSTON, P KERR, J MATTHEWS, WA MCELROY, T MCKENZIE, R MOUNT, G PLATT, U STUTZ, J THOMAS, A VANROOZENDAEL, M WU, E TI INTERCOMPARISON OF UV VISIBLE SPECTROMETERS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF STRATOSPHERIC NO2 FOR THE NETWORK FOR THE DETECTION OF STRATOSPHERIC CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; MCMURDO STATION; OZONE; ANTARCTICA; 45-DEGREES-S; TWILIGHT; WINTER AB During the period May 12-23, 1992, seven groups from seven countries met in Lauder, New Zealand, to intercompare their remote sensing instruments for the measurement of atmospheric column NO2 from the surface. The purpose of the intercomparison was to determine the degree of intercomparability and to qualify instruments for use in the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). Three of the instruments which took part in the intercomparison are slated for deployment at primary NDSC sites. All instruments were successful in obtaining slant column NO2 amounts at sunrise and sunset on most of the 12 days of the intercomparison. The group as a whole was able to make measurements of the 90 degrees solar zenith angle slant path NO2 column amount that agreed to about +/- 10% most of the time; however, the sensitivity of the individual measurements varied considerably. Part of the sensitivity problem for these measurements is the result of instrumentation, and part is related to the data analysis algorithms used. All groups learned a great deal from the intercomparison and improved their results considerably as a result of this exercise. C1 CNR, INST FISBAT, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. BELGIAN INST SPACE AERON, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. UNIV DENVER, DEPT PHYS, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. CNRS, SERV AERON, F-91371 VERRIERES LE BUISSON, FRANCE. NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES, LAUDER, NEW ZEALAND. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST ENVIRONM PHYS, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. RP HOFMANN, D (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16765 EP 16791 DI 10.1029/95JD00620 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700037 ER PT J AU BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR SOLOMON, S AF BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR SOLOMON, S TI UV VISIBLE AND IR ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS OF BRONO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NM; NO3 AB The absorption cross sections of BrONO2 between 200 and 500 nm were measured over the temperature range 298 to 220 K using a diode array spectrometer. The BrONO2 absorption cross sections are weakly dependent on temperature at wavelengths < 450 nm (less than 10% change between 298 and 220 K) but decrease rapidly with decreasing temperature at wavelengths > 450 nm; at 480 nm the cross section decreased by similar to 35% in going from 298 K to 220 K. Our room temperature absorption cross sections are in good agreement with the measurements of Spencer and Rowland (1978) over the common wavelength range of the measurements, 200 to 390 nm. We show that wavelengths longer than 390 nm must be included in the calculation of the BrONO2 atmospheric photolysis rate. We also show that photolysis of BrONO2 could be a significant atmospheric loss process for odd oxygen (due to halogen chemistry) below about 25 km, The infrared absorption cross sections for the BrONO2 band centered at 803.3 cm(-1) were also measured. The integrated band strength was (2.7 +/- 0.5) x 10(-17) cm(2) molecule(-1) cm(-1). C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP BURKHOLDER, JB (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, REAL2, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 14 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D8 BP 16793 EP 16800 DI 10.1029/95JD01223 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RU107 UT WOS:A1995RU10700038 ER PT J AU MACCREHAN, WA SCHONBERGER, E AF MACCREHAN, WA SCHONBERGER, E TI DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN-K-1 IN SERUM USING CATALYTIC-REDUCTION LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; FLUORIMETRIC DETECTION; TRANS-PHYLLOQUINONE; OXYGEN-SCRUBBER; HUMAN-PLASMA; COLUMN AB A new method for the liquid chromatographic-fluorescence determination of serum vitamin K-1 is described using reduction of the K-quinone to the fluorescent K-hydroquinone. The reduction reaction occurs ''on-line'' in the LC system using a catalytic reducer column and an alcohol mobile phase as reductant. A procedure for serum determination utilizes a liquid-liquid serum lipid extraction followed by normal-phase fractionation on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The final measurement uses a reversed-phase (C-18) separation with a ethanol-methanol mobile phase and provides a detection limit of approximately 20 pg/ml. RP MACCREHAN, WA (reprint author), NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 18 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00129-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU444 UT WOS:A1995RU44400003 PM 8548011 ER PT J AU ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W WESTMORELAND, PR BURGESS, DRF AF ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W WESTMORELAND, PR BURGESS, DRF TI THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF THE THERMOCHEMISTRY AND KINETICS OF REACTIONS OF CF2O WITH HYDROGEN-ATOM AND WATER SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A theoretical investigation of transition states and reaction products for reaction of carbonyl difluoride (CF2O) with H atoms and water has been conducted. Bond-additivity-corrected (BAG) MP4 calculations have been used to obtain the thermochemistry of equilibrium and transition state structures. RRKM/master equation as well as bimolecular-QRRK analysis of the H atom reaction manifold has been compared with available experimental rate constants and shows excellent agreement. The major reaction pathway is through attack on the oxygen, followed by chemically activated 1,2-elimination of HF. Analysis of carbonyl difluoride reaction with water indicates that the primary reaction is through a concerted reaction to form fluoroformic acid (FCO(OH)) and HF. Calculated rate constants for CF2O with water are considerably slower than reaction with H atoms, and even in hydrocarbon flames, where the water concentration is high, the H atom reaction should dominate. Reaction with OH was found not to be competitive with the other two processes and proceeds to FCO2 + HF. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP ZACHARIAH, MR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAIL STOP 221-B312,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD AUG 17 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 33 BP 12512 EP 12519 DI 10.1021/j100033a023 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RQ016 UT WOS:A1995RQ01600023 ER PT J AU GAN, JP INGRAM, RG GREATBATCH, RJ CHEN, P AF GAN, JP INGRAM, RG GREATBATCH, RJ CHEN, P TI UPPER OCEAN MODELING IN A COASTAL BAY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ST-LAWRENCE; GASPE CURRENT; WIND-DRIVEN; CIRCULATION; GULF AB A numerical model of the upper ocean is developed to study the dynamics and thermodynamics of the Pale des Chaleurs (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada). The model has primitive equation dynamics with two active layers embedded with a Niiler-Kraus (Niller and Kraus,.1977) type mixed layer model at the top. Proper open boundary conditions and forcing functions are constructed. The model is eddy-permitting, with a horizontal grid spacing of 2x4 km. An Arakawa C grid scheme is used. Forced by observed wind, atmospheric heat fluxes, river runoff, and appropriate remote forcing (in particular, the Gaspe Current, (GC)), the model demonstrates that the mean cyclonic general circulation pattern in the bay is a consequence of the intrusion of the GC. The strength of the circulation depends on the resultant stress of prevailing westerly winds and the opposing GC intrusion. In the mixed layer, atmospheric heat-fluxes and horizontal thermal advection play a key role in the thermal balance at the eastern part of the bag;. The local mixed layer fluctuations are controlled by wind and GC induced divergence. The entrainment (and its corresponding heat flux) is important at the western part of the bay and changes the mean mixed layer depth on a timescale of more than a meek. Varying GC intensifies the flow variations induced by the wind in the bay and improves simulation results as compared with observations. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT PHYS,ST JOHNS,NF A1B 3X7,CANADA. RP GAN, JP (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2K6,CANADA. OI Gan, Jianping/0000-0001-9827-7929 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C8 BP 15977 EP 15997 DI 10.1029/95JC01276 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RP999 UT WOS:A1995RP99900013 ER PT J AU FRISCH, AS FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB AF FRISCH, AS FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB TI MEASUREMENT OF STRATUS CLOUD AND DRIZZLE PARAMETERS IN ASTEX WITH A K-ALPHA-BAND DOPPLER RADAR AND A MICROWAVE RADIOMETER SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TURBULENT; GROWTH AB Data are used from a K-alpha-band radar and microwave radiometer along with a droplet model to determine the droplet parameters of drizzle and clouds. Drizzle droplet parameters are determined from the zeroth, first, and second moments of the Doppler spectrum. Cloud droplet parameters are determined from the zeroth moment of the Doppler spectrum and the measured integrated liquid water. Measurements of stratus clouds were made during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) on the island of Porto Santo in the Madeira Islands, Portugal. Potential applications of this technique would be in the long-term monitoring of stratus clouds and in determining the vertical profiles of cloud liquid water, number of cloud droplets, and modal radius. RP FRISCH, AS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,MAIL CODE R-E-ET6,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 34 TC 199 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2788 EP 2799 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2788:MOSCAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500008 ER PT J AU FRISCH, AS LENSCHOW, DH FAIRALL, CW SCHUBERT, WH GIBSON, JS AF FRISCH, AS LENSCHOW, DH FAIRALL, CW SCHUBERT, WH GIBSON, JS TI DOPPLER RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE IN MARINE STRATIFORM CLOUD DURING ASTEX SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NOCTURNAL STRATOCUMULUS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AB A cloud-sensing Doppler radar is used with a vertically pointing antenna to measure the vertical air motion in clouds during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment. The droplet fall velocity contamination was made negligible by using only measurements during the time the reflectivity was below - 17 dBZ. During one day of measurements, the daytime character of the vertical velocity variance is different than that of the nighttime case. In the upper part of the cloud, the variance had a distinct maximum for both day and night; however, the nighttime maximum was about twice as large as the daytime case. Lower down in the cloud, there;was a second maximum, with the daytime variance larger than the nighttime case. The skewness of the vertical velocity was negative near cloud top in both the day and night cases, changing to positive skewness in the lower part of the cloud. This behavior near cloud top indicates that the upper part of the cloud is behaving like an upside-down convective boundary layer, with the downdrafts smaller in area and more intense than the updrafts. In the lower part of the cloud, the behavior of the motion is more like a conventional convective boundary layer, with the updrafts smaller and more intense than the downdrafts. The upside-down convective forcing in the upper part of the cloud is due to radiative cooling, with the daytime forcing less because of shortwave warming. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP FRISCH, AS (reprint author), ENVIRONM TECHOL LAB,BOULDER,CO, USA. OI LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2800 EP 2808 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2800:DRMOTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500009 ER PT J AU WHITE, AB FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB AF WHITE, AB FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB TI SURFACE-BASED REMOTE-SENSING OF MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUD PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; LIQUID WATER; SATELLITE; RADIATION; PROFILES; ALBEDO; RADAR; FIRE AB Surface-based measurements are used to define some of the important macrophysical and optical properties of marine clouds. These measurements were taken during five different marine field programs. A progression is made from a midlatitude marine stratocumulus regime with an average cloud fraction of 0.7 and a median cloud base of 460 m to a marine tropical regime with an average cloud fraction of 0.2 and a median cloud base of 1050 m. Measurements of the solar transmission coefficient taken during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were used in a radiative transfer algorithm to produce values of albedo, absorption, and optical depth. A microwave radiometer provided measurements of the liquid water path (LWP). For a given LWP, the ASTEX optical depths averaged a factor of 2 smaller than the optical depths observed during the marine stratocumulus phase of the First International Cloud Climatology Program Regional Experiment (FIRE) at San Nicolas Island, off the coast of southern California. The variability of boundary-layer aerosol concentrations measured during ASTEX is sufficient to produce a factor of 2 change in optical depth. Further evidence suggests that the cloud droplet effective radius was nearly a factor of 2 larger during ASTEX than during FIRE. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2827 EP 2838 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2827:SBRSOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500011 ER PT J AU KOGAN, YL KHAIROUTDINOV, MP LILLY, DK KOGAN, ZN LIU, QF AF KOGAN, YL KHAIROUTDINOV, MP LILLY, DK KOGAN, ZN LIU, QF TI MODELING OF STRATOCUMULUS CLOUD LAYERS IN A LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION-MODEL WITH EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SHORTWAVE RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYER; BUDGET EXPERIMENT; WATER CLOUDS; ENTRAINMENT; CONVECTION; TURBULENT; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB A new large eddy simulation (LES) stratocumulus cloud model with an explicit formulation of microphysical processes has been developed, and the results from three large eddy simulations are presented to illustrate the effects of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) dynamics on cloud microphysical parameters. The simulations represent cases of a well-mixed and a radiatively driven STBL. Two of the simulations differ only in the ambient aerosol concentration and show its effect on cloud microphysics. The third simulation is based on the data obtained by Nicholls, and the simulation results from this case are contrasted with his measurements. Cloud-layer dynamical parameters and cloud droplet spectra are in reasonably good agreement with observations. As demonstrated by the results of three large eddy simulations presented in the paper, the cloud microphysical parameters are significantly affected by cloud dynamics. This is evidenced by the sensitivity of the cloud drop spectra itself, as well as by that of the integral parameters of the spectra, such as mean radii and droplet concentration. Experiments presented here also show that cloud microstructure is significantly asymmetric between updrafts and downdrafts. Mixing with dry air from the inversion may significantly enhance evaporation and result in cloud-free zones within the cloud. As a result of mixing, the cloud layer is very inhomogeneous, especially near its top and bottom. The authors analyze in detail the fine structure of the supersaturation field and suggest an explanation for the formation of the model-predicted supersaturation peak near the cloud top. The LES results suggest that super saturation may have a sharp increase in near-saturated parcels that undergo forced vertical displacement at the cloud-layer top. The main forcing mechanism that may supply the additional energy for the forced convection in the case presented is from propagating gravity waves. Although radiative cooling may also result in increased convective activity at cloud top, the sensitivity tests presented here suggest that, at least in these simulations, this effect is not dominant. C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP KOGAN, YL (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,100 E BOYD,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 53 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2923 EP 2940 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2923:MOSCLI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500017 ER PT J AU CAHALAN, RF SILBERSTEIN, D SNIDER, JB AF CAHALAN, RF SILBERSTEIN, D SNIDER, JB TI LIQUID WATER PATH AND PLANE-PARALLEL ALBEDO BIAS DURING ASTEX SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; CLOUD FIELDS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Inhomogeneous distributions of liquid water like those observed in real clouds generally reflect less solar radiation than idealized uniform distributions assumed in plane-parallel theory. Here the authors determine cloud reflectivity and the associated plane-parallel albedo bias from distributions of liquid water path derived from 28 days of microwave radiometer measurements obtained on Porto Santo Island in the Madeiras during June 1992 as part of the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX). The distributions are determined for each hour of the day, both for composites of the full set of 28 days and for a subset of 8 days having a high fraction of relatively thick cloud. Both sets are compared with results obtained from California stratocumulus during FIRE [First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment]. In FIRE the albedo bias was dominated by the variability of the cloud optical depth, as measured by a fractal parameter, 0 less than or equal to f less than or equal to 1, while the ASTEX results are more complex. Mean cloud fraction above a 10 g m(-2) threshold is about 50% in the 28-day set, compared to 76% in the 8-day subset and 82% in FIRE, Cloud fraction is sensitive to the threshold for the 28 ASTEX days, probably due to a large fraction of thin cloud below the threshold, but this is not the case for the 8-day subset or for FIRE. Clear fractions during ASTEX are generally of shorter duration than those in FIRE, as are those in the 8-day subset. The diurnal mean fractal parameter is about 0.6 in ASTEX compared to 0.5 in FIRE, while the 8-day subset has nearly the same mean but a wider range. The diurnal cycle in cloud albedo and albedo bias is computed from the cloud parameters for both sets, assuming zero clear-sky albedo. The total absolute albedo bias rises to values above 0.3 at sunrise and sunset, but since there is little incident energy at that time, the reflected flux is more affected by the midday bias. The total albedo bias has a 1000 LST maximum of about 0.3, largely due to a cloud fraction contribution of 0.2, absent in FIRE because in that case cloud fraction remains near 100% until after 1000 LST. The albedo bias has a second maximum of about 0.2 at noon, again mainly from cloud fraction, and then drops to a minimum of about 0.1 at 1400 LST, when cloud fraction and fractal structure contribute about equally. Finally, a third maximum due to cloud fraction occurs at 1600 LST. In the 8-day subset, the 1000 LST maximum becomes dominated by the fractal structure, since the cloud fraction remains near 100% until 1000 LST, as in FIRE. The noon maximum receives roughly equal contributions, while the 1400 LST minimum bias is mainly due to fractal structure. Finally, the 1600 LST maximum and the evening limb bias are similar to those of the full 28-day set. These results show that cloud fractal and radiative properties can vary considerably from one site and time to another, and at different times within the same site, as meteorological conditions change. C1 HUGHES STX,LANHAM,MD. NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CAHALAN, RF (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,CODE 913,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 3002 EP 3012 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3002:LWPAPP>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500023 ER PT J AU GOLLMER, SM HARSHVARDHAN CAHALAN, RF SNIDER, JB AF GOLLMER, SM HARSHVARDHAN CAHALAN, RF SNIDER, JB TI WINDOWED AND WAVELET ANALYSIS OF MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUD INHOMOGENEITY SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERES; DIFFUSION; SPECTRA; MEDIA; RAIN AB To improve radiative transfer calculations for inhomogeneous clouds, a consistent means of modeling inhomogeneity is needed. One current method of modeling cloud inhomogeneity is through the use of fractal parameters. This method is based on the supposition that cloud inhomogeneity over a large range of scales is related. An analysis technique named wavelet analysis provides a means of studying the multiscale nature of cloud inhomogeneity. In this paper, the authors discuss the analysis and modeling of cloud inhomogeneity through the use of wavelet analysis. Wavelet analysis as well as other windowed analysis techniques are used to study liquid water path (LWP) measurements obtained during the marine stratocumulus phase of the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment. Statistics obtained using analysis windows, which are translated to span the LWP dataset, are used to study the focal (small scale) properties of the cloud field as well as their time dependence. The LWP data are transformed onto an orthogonal wavelet basis that represents the data as a number of times series. Each of these time series lies within a frequency band and has a mean frequency that is half the frequency of the previous band. Wavelet analysis combined with translated analysis windows reveals that the local standard deviation of each frequency band is correlated with the local standard deviation of the other frequency bands. The ratio between the standard deviation of adjacent frequency bands is 0.9 and remains constant with respect to time. This ratio defined as the variance coupling parameter is applicable to ail of the frequency bands studied and appears to be related to the slope of the data's power spectrum. Similar analyses are performed on two cloud inhomogeneity models, which use fractal-based concepts to introduce inhomogeneity into a uniform cloud field. The bounded cascade model does this by iteratively redistributing LWP at each scale using the value of the local mean. This model is reformulated into a wavelet multiresolution framework, thereby presenting a number of variants of the bounded cascade model. One variant introduced in this paper is the ''variance coupled model,'' which redistributes LWP using the local standard deviation and the variance coupling parameter. While the bounded cascade model provides an elegant two-parameter model for generating cloud inhomogeneity, the multiresolution framework provides more flexibility at the expense of model complexity. Comparisons are made with the results from the LWP data analysis to demonstrate both the strengths and weaknesses of these models. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GOLLMER, SM (reprint author), CEDARVILLE COLL,DEPT SCI & MATH,POB 601,CEDARVILLE,OH 45314, USA. RI Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 16 BP 3013 EP 3030 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3013:WAWAOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN655 UT WOS:A1995RN65500024 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, GE TANG, S WOICIK, JC BEDZYK, MJ FREEMAN, AJ GOLOVCHENKO, JA AF FRANKLIN, GE TANG, S WOICIK, JC BEDZYK, MJ FREEMAN, AJ GOLOVCHENKO, JA TI HIGH-RESOLUTION STRUCTURAL STUDY OF BI ON SI(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SI(100) SURFACE; SYNCHROTRON PHOTOEMISSION; SB; TRANSITIONS; DIMERS; GROWTH AB X-ray standing-wave measurements, along with first-principles local-density molecular-cluster calculations, have determined the Bi-dimer orientation, location, and bond length for the Si(001)-(1X2):Bi surface. The results for Bi directly scale with the covalent radii and with adsorption characteristics of other group-V elements (As and Sb) on Si(001). C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,MAT RES CTR,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ROWLAND INST SCI INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 8 BP R5515 EP R5518 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RR288 UT WOS:A1995RR28800015 ER PT J AU KEIMER, B SHIH, WY AKSAY, IA LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW AF KEIMER, B SHIH, WY AKSAY, IA LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW TI VORTEX LATTICE SYMMETRY AND ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE IN YBA2CU3O7 - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON MAT INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KEIMER, B (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008; Shih, Wan/B-5156-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1423 EP 1423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1423 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RN463 UT WOS:A1995RN46300050 ER PT J AU HILL, RJ WILCZAK, JM AF HILL, RJ WILCZAK, JM TI PRESSURE STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS AND SPECTRA FOR LOCALLY ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; SHEAR FLOWS; SIMULATION AB Beginning with the known relationship between the pressure structure function and the fourth-order two-point correlation of velocity derivatives, we obtain a new theory relating the pressure structure function and spectrum to fourth-order velocity structure functions. This new theory is valid for all Reynolds numbers and for all spatial separations and wavenumbers. We do not use the joint Gaussian assumption that was used in previous theory. The only assumptions are local homogeneity, local isotropy, incompressibility, and use of the Navier-Stokes equation. Specific formulae are given for the mean-squared pressure gradient, the correlation of pressure gradients, the viscous range of the pressure structure function, and the pressure variance. Of course, pressure variance is a descriptor of the energy-containing range. Therefore, for any Reynolds number, the formula for pressure variance requires the more restrictive assumption of isotropy. For the case of large Reynolds numbers, formulae are given for the inertial range of the pressure structure function and spectrum and of the pressure-gradient correlation; these are valid on the basis of local isotropy, as are the formulae for mean-squared pressure gradient and the viscous range of the pressure structure function. Using the experimentally verified extension to fourth-order velocity structure functions of Kolmogorov's theory, we obtain r(4/3) and k(-7/3) laws for the inertial range of the pressure structure function and spectrum. The modifications of these power laws to account for the effects of turbulence intermittency are also given. New universal constants are defined; these require experimental evaluation. The pressure structure function is sensitive to slight departures from local isotropy, implying stringent conditions on experimental data, but applicability of the previous theory is likewise constrained. The results are also sensitive to compressibility. RP HILL, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 32 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 296 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1017/S0022112095002126 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA RR220 UT WOS:A1995RR22000008 ER PT J AU YALE, MM SANDWELL, DT SMITH, WHF AF YALE, MM SANDWELL, DT SMITH, WHF TI COMPARISON OF ALONG-TRACK RESOLUTION OF STACKED GEOSAT, ERS-1, AND TOPEX SATELLITE ALTIMETERS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EXACT REPEAT MISSION; MARINE GRAVITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB Cross-spectral analysis of repeat satellite altimeter profiles was performed to compare the along-track resolution capabilities of Geosat, ERS 1 and TOPEX data. Geophysical Data Records were edited, differentiated, low-pass-filtered, and resampled at 5 Hz. All available data were then loaded into three-dimensional files where repeat cycles were aligned along-track (62 cycles of Geosat/Exact Repeat Mission; 16 cycles of ERS 1, 35-day orbit; 73 cycles of TOPEX). The coherence versus wave number between pairs of repeat profiles was used to estimate along-track resolution for individual cycles, eight-cycle-average profiles, and 31-cycle-average profiles (Geosat and TOPEX only). Coherence, which depends on signal to noise ratio, reflects factors such as seafloor gravity amplitude, regional seafloor depth, instrument noise, oceanographic noise, and the number of cycles available for stacking (averaging). Detailed resolution analyses are presented for two areas: the equatorial Atlantic, a region with high tectonic signal and low oceanographic noise; and the South Pacific, a region with low tectonic signal and high oceanographic variability. For all three altimeters, along-track resolution is better in the equatorial Atlantic than in the South Pacific. Global maps of along-track resolution show considerable geographic variation. On average globally, the along-track resolution (0.5 coherence) of eight-cycle stacks are approximately the same, 28, 29, and 30 km for TOPEX, Geosat, and ERS 1, respectively. TOPEX 31-cycle stacks (22 km) resolve slightly shorter wavelengths than Geosat 31-cycle stacks (24 km). The stacked data, which are publicly available, will be used in future global gravity grids, and for detailed studies of mid-ocean ridge axes, fracture zones, sea mounts, and seafloor roughness. C1 NOAA, GEOSCI LAB NOES12, NATL OCEAN SERV, SILVER SPRING, MD USA. RP YALE, MM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, IGPP, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 21 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B8 BP 15117 EP 15127 DI 10.1029/95JB01308 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RN992 UT WOS:A1995RN99200011 ER PT J AU RUDICH, Y TALUKDAR, R BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR AF RUDICH, Y TALUKDAR, R BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR TI REACTION OF METHYLBUTENOL WITH HYDROXYL RADICAL - MECHANISM AND ATMOSPHERIC IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; OH RADICALS; HYDROCARBONS; KINETICS AB The tropospheric fate of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (methylbutenol, MBO), a recently identified emission by vegetation, was investigated by measuring its UV absorption cross sections (210-300 nm) and the rate coefficient for its reaction with hydroxyl free radicals. UV absorption cross sections were found to be too small for photolysis to be an important removal pathway for MBO in the troposphere. The rate constant applicable under tropospheric conditions for the reaction of OH with MBO was determined to be k = (8.2 +/- 1.2) x 10(-12) e(((610+/-50/T)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The OH reaction proceeds mainly via addition of the OH to the double bond in MBO. In the absence of O-2, about 15-20% of the adducts eliminate the alcohol-OH group. However, O-2 can scavenge the adduct before it decomposes at T < 300 K. This mechanism was confirmed by measuring the rate coefficients for the reactions of OD and (OH)-O-18 and determining the rate coefficient for the OK reaction in the presence of 7-13 Torr of O-2 and in SF6 buffer gas. The elimination of the alcohol-OH group was substantiated by observing OH production in the reactions of (OH)-O-18 and OD. The obtained OH reaction rate coefficient suggests that the primary daytime loss of MBO in the troposphere is via its reaction with OH. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 32 BP 12188 EP 12194 DI 10.1021/j100032a021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RN706 UT WOS:A1995RN70600021 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JH AF BUTLER, JH TI OZONE DEPLETION - METHYL-BROMIDE UNDER SCRUTINY SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP BUTLER, JH (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 376 IS 6540 BP 469 EP 470 DI 10.1038/376469a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RN622 UT WOS:A1995RN62200025 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, RE LANGER, SA AF GOLDSTEIN, RE LANGER, SA TI NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF STIFF POLYMERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-FORMATION; ELASTIC CURVES; DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; MOTION; MODEL; TWIST AB A formalism is presented for the nonlinear dynamics of inextensible stiff polymers within the model of local viscous dissipation. By casting the internal elastic forces in an intrinsic representation, enforcing the constraint of local inextensibility through a Lagrange multiplier function, and utilizing techniques from the differential geometry of curve motion, the dynamics of configurations of arbitrary complexity is reduced to a scalar partial differential equation amenable to analytical and efficient numerical study. As an example, the formalism is applied to the ''folding'' dynamics of stiff polymers with pairwise self-interactions and intrinsic curvature. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP PRINCETON UNIV, JOSEPH HENRY LABS, DEPT PHYS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RI Goldstein, Raymond/F-2932-2011 OI Goldstein, Raymond/0000-0003-2645-0598 NR 40 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1094 EP 1097 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1094 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RN001 UT WOS:A1995RN00100026 ER PT J AU ISAACS, ED ZSCHACK, P BROHOLM, CL BURNS, C AEPPLI, G RAMIREZ, AP PALSTRA, TTM ERWIN, RW STUCHELI, N BUCHER, E AF ISAACS, ED ZSCHACK, P BROHOLM, CL BURNS, C AEPPLI, G RAMIREZ, AP PALSTRA, TTM ERWIN, RW STUCHELI, N BUCHER, E TI ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AND ITS RELATION TO THE SUPERCONDUCTING PHASES OF UPT3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ORDER; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; URU2SI2; TRANSITION; DIAGRAM; STATES AB Using magnetic x-ray and neutron diffraction in UPt3, we find that a suppression of the antiferromagnetic scattering intensity in the superconducting phase is due to a reduction in the magnitude of the staggered moment with no change in symmetry. The existence of the suppression as well as the magnetic correlation lengths are not affected by the presence or absence of a visible splitting in the superconducting transition. The simplest models wherein antiferromagnetic order provides the symmetry-breaking field for the splitting do not provide a compete explanation of our results. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,ORISE,UPTON,NY 11973. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,KALAMAZOO,MI 49008. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RISO NATL LAB,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. UNIV KONSTANZ,W-7750 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. RP ISAACS, ED (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,600 MT AVE,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Palstra, Thomas/K-1961-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Palstra, Thomas/0000-0001-5239-3115 NR 35 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1178 EP 1181 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1178 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RN001 UT WOS:A1995RN00100047 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RA KOHGI, M OSAKABE, T TROUW, F LYNN, JW CANFIELD, PC THOMPSON, JD FISK, Z BEYERMANN, WP AF ROBINSON, RA KOHGI, M OSAKABE, T TROUW, F LYNN, JW CANFIELD, PC THOMPSON, JD FISK, Z BEYERMANN, WP TI LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS AND THE ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC-HEAT OF YBBIPT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Neutron scattering data from the cubic heavy-fermion compound YbBiPt are presented, along with an interpretation in terms of strongly broadened crystal-field levels. To first order, the ground state is sixfold degenerate, consisting of a doublet (Gamma>(7)) and quartet (Gamma(8)). Integration over these levels reproduces the observed linear specific-heat coefficient gamma of 8 J mol(-1) K-2 to within +/-20%. At the lowest temperatures an extra symmetry-forbidden splitting is observed. C1 NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1194 EP 1197 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1194 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RN001 UT WOS:A1995RN00100051 ER PT J AU BUSBY, TF ARGRAVES, WS BREW, SA PECHIK, I GILLILAND, GL INGHAM, KC AF BUSBY, TF ARGRAVES, WS BREW, SA PECHIK, I GILLILAND, GL INGHAM, KC TI HEPARIN-BINDING BY FIBRONECTIN MODULE-III-13 INVOLVES 6 DISCONTINUOUS BASIC RESIDUES BROUGHT TOGETHER TO FORM A CATIONIC CRADLE SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ANTITHROMBIN-III; DOMAIN; PROTEIN; REGION; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; IDENTIFICATION; ADHESION; EMBRYOS AB The thirteenth type III domain of fibronectin binds heparin almost as well as fibronectin itself and contains a so-called heparin-binding consensus sequence, Arg(6)-Arg(7)-Ala(8)-Arg(9) (residues 1697-1700 in plasma fibronectin). Barkalow and Schwarzbauer (Barkalow, F. J., and Schwarzbauer, J. E. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 7812-7818) showed that mutation of Arg(6)-Arg(7) in domain III-13 of recombinant truncated fibronectins abolished their ability to bind heparin-Sepharose. However, synthetic peptides containing this sequence have negligible affinity for heparin (Ingham, K. C., Brew, S. A., Migliorini, M. M., and Busby, T. F. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 12548-12553). We generated a three dimensional model of fibronectin type III-13 based on the structure of a homologous domain from tenascin. The model places Arg(23), Lys(25), and Arg(54) parallel to and in close proximity to the Arg(6)-Arg(7)-Ala(8)-Arg(9) motif, suggesting that these residues may also contribute to the heparin-binding site. Domain III-13 and six single-site mutants containing Ser in place of each of the above-mentioned basic residues were expressed in Escherichia coli. All of the purified mutant domains melted reversibly with a Tm near that of the wild type indicating that they were correctly folded. When fluorescein-labeled heparin was titrated at physiological ionic strength, the wild type domain increased the anisotropy in a hyperbolic fashion with a K-d of 5-7 mu M, close to that of the natural domain obtained by proteolysis of fibronectin. The R54S mutant bound 3-fold weaker and the remaining mutants bound at least 10-fold weaker than wild type. The results point out that the Arg(6)-Arg(7)-Ala(8)-Arg(9) consensus sequence by itself has little affinity for heparin under physiological conditions, even when presented in the context of a folded domain. Thus, the heparin-binding site in fibronectin is more complex than previously realized. It is formed by a cluster of 6 positively charged residues that are remote in the sequence but brought together on one side of domain III-13 to form a ''cationic cradle'' into which the anionic heparin molecule could fit. C1 AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21791, HL44336] NR 41 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 31 BP 18558 EP 18562 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RM642 UT WOS:A1995RM64200064 PM 7629186 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ WERTZ, KH CACIARI, M AF BRUNO, TJ WERTZ, KH CACIARI, M TI RETENTION OF HALOCARBONS ON A HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE EPOXIDE-MODIFIED GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK .4. PROPANE-BASED COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article AB The retention characteristics of 25 propane-based bromofluorocarbon, chlorocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon, and fluorocarbon fluids have been studied as a function of temperature on a stationary phase consisting of a 5% (mim) coating of a low-molecular-mass polymer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide on a graphitized carbon black adsorbent. Measurements were performed at 0, 20, 40 and 60 degrees C for R-245ca and R-245cb. Measurements were performed at 20, 40, 60 and 80 degrees C for R-227ca, R-227ea, R-236ea, R-236fa, R-245fa, and R-263fb. Measurements were performed at 40, 60, 80 and 100 degrees C for R-217ba, R-254cb and R-1243b, and at 60, 80, 100 and 120 degrees C for R-280da and R-217caB1. Measurements were performed at 80, 100, 120 and 140 degrees C for R-215aa, R-216ba, R-253fb, R-262da, and R-270aa. Measurements were performed at 100, 120 140 and 160 degrees C for R-215ba, R-225ca, R-225cb, R-243db, R-270da, R-270fa, and R-270fb. Relative retentions as a function of temperature were calculated with respect to the retentions of tetrafluoromethane (R-14) and hexafluoroethane (R-116). Qualitative features of the data are examined, and trends are identified. In addition, the relative retention data were fitted to linear models for the purpose of predicting retention behavior of these compounds to facilitate chromatographic analysis. C1 FT LUPTON HIGH SCH,FT LUPTON,CO. RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 708 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00389-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RN724 UT WOS:A1995RN72400013 ER PT J AU RITTER, JJ MARUTHAMUTHU, P AF RITTER, JJ MARUTHAMUTHU, P TI SYNTHESIS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE BISMUTH TELLURIDE BY A METAL-ORGANO COMPLEX METHOD SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB The synthesis of polycrystalline bismuth telluride, Bi2Te3, by a metal-organo complex method commonly used for oxide materials is described. The process involves complexation of bismuth and tellurium species in aqueous tartaric acid followed by polyesterification with ethylene glycol. Controlled pyrolysis of the resultant mass gives a mixture of bismuth telluride and bismuth/tellurium oxides which are subsequently converted to a fine bismuth telluride powder through hydrogen reduction. Product identification as Bi2Te3 is supported by elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction data. RP RITTER, JJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 2 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 16 BP 4278 EP 4280 DI 10.1021/ic00120a040 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA RM889 UT WOS:A1995RM88900040 ER PT J AU KIRKLEY, JE SQUIRES, D STRAND, IE AF KIRKLEY, JE SQUIRES, D STRAND, IE TI ASSESSING TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN COMMERCIAL FISHERIES - THE MID-ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP FISHERY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; STOCHASTIC FRONTIER; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ID FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION; SPECIFICATION; MODEL AB Despite the extensive effort to research issues of allocative efficiency in fisheries, little empirical analysis of technical efficiency (TE) in fisheries exists. This study examines vessel efficiency using a stochastic production frontier based on a sample of sea scallop vessels operating in the Mid-Atlantic between 1987 and 1990. Estimates of TE are computed and compared with input usage, resource conditions, economic performance, and recently imposed regulations. The analysis suggests that owners and captains only partially compensate for changes in resource conditions through the use of labor and fishing effort, and recent regulations may improve overall TE in the short run. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KIRKLEY, JE (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY,SCH MARINE SCI,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23185, USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.2307/1243235 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RQ226 UT WOS:A1995RQ22600021 ER PT J AU CAMERON, JM ROSENBLATT, JR AF CAMERON, JM ROSENBLATT, JR TI EISENHART,CHURCHILL, 1913-1994 SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA RQ962 UT WOS:A1995RQ96200001 ER PT J AU PARK, LK MORAN, P DIGHTMAN, DA AF PARK, LK MORAN, P DIGHTMAN, DA TI A POLYMORPHISM IN INTRON-D OF THE CHINOOK SALMON GROWTH-HORMONE-2 GENE SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note RP PARK, LK (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 26 IS 4 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA RK491 UT WOS:A1995RK49100020 PM 7661412 ER PT J AU TOMAZIC, BB EDWARDS, WD SCHOEN, FJ AF TOMAZIC, BB EDWARDS, WD SCHOEN, FJ TI PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL AND BIOPROSTHETIC HEART-VALVE CALCIFIC DEPOSITS - IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VI International Symposium for Cardiac Bioprostheses CY JUL 29-31, 1994 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Sci Comm Adv Cardiac Bioprostheses ID PURIFICATION; SOLUBILITY AB This investigation was performed to provide a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of calcific deposits (CDs) that form on human heart valves under various pathological conditions. We examined and characterized CDs associated with aortic stenosis on congenitally bicuspid valves (n = 10), degenerative aortic stenosis on valves with previously normal anatomy (n = 10), and rheumatic aortic (n = 10) and mitral (n = 10) stenosis. Native and deproteinated CDs underwent chemical analysis and structural characterization, whereas deproteinated CDs were measured for thermodynamic solubility. The CDs in valvular heart disease were microcrystalline apatitic products containing substantial amounts of sodium, magnesium, carbonate, fluoride, and organic fraction. The properties of natural heart valve CDs were compared with those of previously measured CDs that form on or in heart valve biopxostheses. Compared with bioprosthetic valve CDs, natural valve CDs have a higher ratio of calcium to phosphorus, higher crystallinity, and lower solubility. These differences indicate that natural heart valve CDs appear to comprise a more mature biomineral. If the formation of mature CDs proceeds through transient stages involving unstable precursors, then the main strategy for prevention of calcific deterioration of bioprosthetic heart valves would be the development of locally applied long-term inhibitors that both (1) suppress nucleation and growth of more soluble precursors and (2) inhibit subsequent augmentation of less soluble CDs. C1 MAYO CLIN,DIV ANAT PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA. RP TOMAZIC, BB (reprint author), NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 30035] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 2 SU S BP S322 EP S327 DI 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00205-Y PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA RT157 UT WOS:A1995RT15700053 PM 7646181 ER PT J AU ATMAR, RL NEILL, FH ROMALDE, JL LEGUYADER, F WOODLEY, CM METCALF, TG ESTES, MK AF ATMAR, RL NEILL, FH ROMALDE, JL LEGUYADER, F WOODLEY, CM METCALF, TG ESTES, MK TI DETECTION OF NORWALK VIRUS AND HEPATITIS-A VIRUS IN SHELLFISH TISSUES WITH THE PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; A VIRUS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; OYSTERS; ROTAVIRUS; RECOVERY AB A method for the detection of Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus from shellfish tissues by PCR was developed. Virus was added to the stomach and hepatopancreatic tissues of oysters or hard-shell clams, and viral nucleic acids were purified by a modification of a previously described method (R. L. Atmar, T. G, Metcalf, F. H. Neill, and M. K. Estes, Appl, Environ, Microbiol, 59:631-635, 1993). The new method had the following advantages compared with the previously described method: (i) more rapid sample processing; (ii) increased test sensitivity; (iii) decreased sample-associated interference with reverse transcription-PCR; and (iv) use of chloroform-butanol in place of the chlorofluorocarbon trichlorotrifluoroethane. In addition, internal standards for both Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus were made which demonstrated when inhibitors to reverse transcription-PCR were present and allowed quantitation of the viral nucleic acids present in samples. This assay can be used to investigate shellfish-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks and to study factors involved in virus persistence in shellfish. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, DIV MOLEC VIROL, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, CHARLESTON LAB, CHARLESTON, SC 29422 USA. RI Romalde, Jesus/I-5400-2015 OI Romalde, Jesus/0000-0003-4786-4773 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00350] NR 28 TC 196 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3014 EP 3018 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RM015 UT WOS:A1995RM01500032 PM 7487032 ER PT J AU MADDEN, SP HUEBER, DM SMITH, BW WINEFORDNER, JD TURK, GC AF MADDEN, SP HUEBER, DM SMITH, BW WINEFORDNER, JD TURK, GC TI INFLUENCE OF AN ELECTRIC-FIELD ON THE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION OF ATOMS AND IONS IN A FLAME SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FLAME IONIZATION; ELECTRIC FIELD AB Experiments were carried out to explore the effect of an electric field upon atomic species introduced into a flame. The study involves components from a conventional flame atomic absorption apparatus with 10 x 10-cm parallel plate electrodes as the cathode and the 5-cm slot burner head as the anode. A marked decrease in the emission and absorption of many atomic species was observed, and quantification of the effect was carried out. The effect has been interpreted as a disturbance of the equilibrium, Me <----> Me(+) + e(-). Relative decreases in absorption and emission were found to be functions of applied voltage and analyte concentration at low voltages, and constant for high voltages (approximate to -2000 V). Temporal behavior of the effect has been investigated by observation of the speed of restoration of the emission signal from Na (589.16 nm), Sr (460.86 nm); and Sr+ (407.89 nm) after rapid elimination of the electric field. The effects were also studied as a function of viewing position in the flame for optimization of the position and comparison of the temporal behavior with the speed of the flame gases. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1366/0003702953965100 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA RR037 UT WOS:A1995RR03700014 ER PT J AU ELIPE, A MILLER, B VALLEJO, M AF ELIPE, A MILLER, B VALLEJO, M TI BIFURCATIONS IN A NONSYMMETRICAL CUBIC POTENTIAL SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GALAXY, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; STELLAR DYNAMICS; CELESTIAL MECHANICS ID SYSTEM AB For a Hamiltonian corresponding to a perturbed couple of harmonic oscillators - but without symmetries - we obtain the evolution phase flow of the reduced Hamiltonian. The loss of symmetry produces a bifurcation that does not appear in the symmetric case, namely one where a stable point crosses an unstable point yielding a cusp in the level curve. This result may be considered as a warning to some of the conclusions derived in galactic dynamics from too symmetric Hamiltonian. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. REAL OBSERV ARMADA SAN FERNANDO, E-11110 CADIZ, SPAIN. RP ELIPE, A (reprint author), UNIV ZARAGOZA, MECAN ESPACIAL GRP, E-50009 ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. RI Elipe, Antonio/B-8341-2008 OI Elipe, Antonio/0000-0001-5208-4494 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 300 IS 3 BP 722 EP 725 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RR439 UT WOS:A1995RR43900008 ER PT J AU BRANDENBURG, A ZWEIBEL, EG AF BRANDENBURG, A ZWEIBEL, EG TI EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND RESISTIVITY ON THE AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION SINGULARITY - TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSION; ISM, MAGNETIC FIELDS; MHD ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CLOUDS AB Ambipolar diffusion, or ion-neutral drift, can lead to steepening of the magnetic field profile and even to the formation of a singularity in the current density. These results are based on an approximate treatment of ambipolar drift in which the ion pressure is assumed vanishingly small and the frictional coupling is assumed to be very strong, so that the medium can be treated as a single fluid. This steepening, if it really occurs, must act to facilitate magnetic reconnection in the interstellar medium, and so could have important consequences for the structure and evolution of the galactic magnetic field on both global and local scales. In actuality, the formation of a singularity must be prevented by physical effects omitted by the strong coupling approximation, In this paper we solve the coupled equations for charged and neutral fluids in a simple slab geometry, which was previously shown to evolve to a singularity in the strong coupling approximation. We show that both ion pressure and resistivity play a role in removing the singularity, but that, for parameters characteristic of the interstellar medium, the peak current density is nearly independent of ion pressure and scales inversely with resistivity. The current gradient length scale, however, does depend on ion pressure. In the end, effects outside the fluid approximation, such as the finite ion gyroradius, impose the strictest limit, on the evolution of the magnetic profile. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP BRANDENBURG, A (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, ADV STUDY PROGRAM, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RI Brandenburg, Axel/I-6668-2013 OI Brandenburg, Axel/0000-0002-7304-021X NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 448 IS 2 BP 734 EP 741 DI 10.1086/176001 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RK722 UT WOS:A1995RK72200025 ER PT J AU VANDOORNIK, DM MILNER, GB WINANS, GA AF VANDOORNIK, DM MILNER, GB WINANS, GA TI AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DATA-COLLECTION FOR TRANSFERRIN POLYMORPHISM IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Note C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. RP VANDOORNIK, DM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,POB 130,MANCHESTER,WA 98353, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RY311 UT WOS:A1995RY31100005 PM 8595052 ER PT J AU WALKER, BG BOVENG, PL AF WALKER, BG BOVENG, PL TI EFFECTS OF TIME-DEPTH RECORDERS ON MATERNAL FORAGING AND ATTENDANCE BEHAVIOR OF ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS (ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DIVING BEHAVIOR; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; STATISTICAL POWER; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ELEPHANT SEALS; COMMON TERNS; SAMPLE-SIZE; PATTERNS AB We evaluated the difference in average durations of foraging trips and nursing visits to shore between one group of female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) carrying radio transmitters only and another group carrying time-depth recorders (TDRs) and radio transmitters during their first five postpartum foraging trip - nursing visit cycles. Data were collected from 105 different fur seals in five breeding seasons (1989-1990 to 1993-1994) on Seal Island, Antarctica. Average foraging-trip and nursing-visit durations were significantly greater for the seals carrying TDRs and radio transmitters than for seals carrying radio transmitters only (two-way ANOVA, year x instrument type; trip, P = 0.004; visit, P = 0.04). Historically, instrument-effect studies on marine animals have focused on smaller species and larger instrument to body size ratios. Because of small sample sizes (the number of instruments successfully deployed and retrieved) and the typically variable nature of data from TDRs, the statistical power to detect significant differences due to instrument effects has been low. The evidence of instrument effects on Antarctic fur seals has possible implications for studies utilizing devices attached to similar-sized animals: results may not be representative of the natural (non-instrumented) population. RP WALKER, BG (reprint author), NOAA,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 4,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 64 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1538 EP 1544 DI 10.1139/z95-182 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TE204 UT WOS:A1995TE20400020 ER PT J AU FAHR, A NAYAK, AK KURYLO, MJ AF FAHR, A NAYAK, AK KURYLO, MJ TI THE ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS OF CH3I TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GAS AND LIQUID-PHASE MEASUREMENTS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERED-LIGHT; IODINE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RADICALS AB The absorption cross sections for methyl iodide (CH3I) have been measured in the gas phase from 160 to 335 nm and in the liquid phase from 330 to 400 nm over the temperature range 223-333 K. The liquid phase results were converted into effective gas phase cross sections using a wavelength shift procedure described and verified in earlier works. In the extremely strong discrete absorption system between 160 and about 210 nm the absorption cross sections decrease with decreasing temperature. In the continuous absorption region from about 210 to 270 nm the cross sections increase with decreasing temperature with the change being most pronounced near the peak at 258.5 nm. At wavelengths longer than about 270 nm the cross sections once again decrease with decreasing temperature, with more pronounced changes occurring in the long wavelength tail of the absorption band. The use of these temperature dependent absorption cross sections should lead to improved accuracy of and confidence in atmospheric lifetime calculations for CH3I. RP FAHR, A (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 197 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00172-K PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RL950 UT WOS:A1995RL95000007 ER PT J AU MULSOW, SG LANDRUM, PF AF MULSOW, SG LANDRUM, PF TI BIOACCUMULATION OF DDT IN A MARINE POLYCHAETE, THE CONVEYOR-BELT DEPOSIT FEEDER HETEROMASTUS-FILIFORMIS (CLAPAREDE) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; WATER AB To better understand the fate of toxic pollutants within the sediment column and their uptake by the benthic community, the effects of several sub-lethal DDT concentrations were determined on Heteromastus filiformis (a marine head-down deposit feeder) under laboratory conditions. Net DDT uptake by this polychaete (measured at 5, 11, and 28 days) increased through time for all treatments (2, 4, and 8 mu g g(-1) DDT in sediments) and reached concentrations of 240, 500, and 870 mu g of DDT per g of lipid, respectively, at the end of the experiment. Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for DDT (organism concentration normalized to lipid content divided by sediment concentration normalized to the sediment total organic carbon content) ranged from 0.4 to 0.8. Sediment reworking rate of H. filiformis measured by fecal pellet production was reduced only when the worms were exposed to the highest concentration (8 mu g g(-1) DDT after 28 d exposure). Initially, fecal pellets contained 5 to 8 times greater DDT concentrations than the spiked sediments, but these values decreased at 11 and 28 days. In this study, DDT reduced the feeding rate of H, filiformis at a relatively low DDT concentration (8 mu g g(-1)), compared to concentrations reported for marine sediments, after a relatively short time (28 days), and the buried DDT was transported to the sediment-water interface through the fecal pellets. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 3141 EP 3152 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00172-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RQ406 UT WOS:A1995RQ40600016 ER PT J AU WORTHEY, JA AF WORTHEY, JA TI REPORT OF THE FIRST ISCC-PAN-CHROMATIC-CONFERENCE, WILLIAMSBURG, VA, 1995 - FEBRUARY 12-15 SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP WORTHEY, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF LAW ENFORCEMENT STAND,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1002/col.5080200416 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA RJ470 UT WOS:A1995RJ47000008 ER PT J AU HANAWA, K RUAL, P BAILEY, R SY, A SZABADOS, M AF HANAWA, K RUAL, P BAILEY, R SY, A SZABADOS, M TI A NEW DEPTH TIME EQUATION FOR SIPPICAN OR TSK T-7, T-6 AND T-4 EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPHS (XBT) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID ERROR AB A new depth-time equation for Sippican and Tsurumi-Seiki (TSK) T-7, T-6 and T-4 type expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) is presented based on the results of an internationally co-ordinated set of controlled XBT and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) comparison experiments. The experiments were geographically distributed over as many different oceanic water masses as possible to assess the possible influence that variations in the density and viscosity of the water column may have on the XBT fall rate. A newly developed temperature-error-free method is applied to the data set to obtain the depth-difference information between the CTD and the uncorrected XBT data. The accuracies in depth were found in general to be outside of the manufacturers' specified accuracies. The mean depth error for the T-7 type of probe was found to be about +25 m at 750 m, whereas the manufacturers' depth-accuracy specification at 750 m is only +/-15 m. Since the T-4/T-6 and the T-7 data sets were found not to be statistically different at the 95% confidence level, a unique new Sippican-TSK T-4/T-6/T-7 depth-time equation is determined: Z(467) = 6.691 t - 0.00225 t(2). Yet, even with a mean depth perfectly corrected, the individual scatter of the probes is shown to be largely outside the manufacturers' specifications. No discernible effect of the water mass characteristics of the onboard equipment or of the type of manufacturer, was generally found on the fall rate of the probes. Finally an approximate linear correction formula is given for correcting depths recorded using the manufacturers' original depth-time equation: Z(1) = 1.0336 z. But, until an international mechanism is established to implement the general use of the new equation, it is of the utmost importance not to use the new reference equation when archiving or exchanging XBT data. The mixing of data in the data archives must be absolutely avoided. C1 ORSTOM,SURTROPAC GRP,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT GEOG,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. BUDESAMT SEESCHIFFAHRT & HYDROG,HAMBURG,GERMANY. NOAA,NOS,OOES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 26 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1423 EP 1451 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(95)97154-Z PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TE109 UT WOS:A1995TE10900008 ER PT J AU KUNNATH, SK GROSS, JL AF KUNNATH, SK GROSS, JL TI INELASTIC RESPONSE OF THE CYPRESS VIADUCT TO THE LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE BRIDGES; DAMAGE EVALUATION; DYNAMIC RESPONSE; ELEVATED HIGHWAY STRUCTURES; FAILURE ANALYSIS; MODELING; REINFORCED CONCRETE; SEISMIC ANALYSIS AB The inelastic damage evaluation of a typical double-deck bent of the Cypress Viaduct which collapsed during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake is presented. A model of the bent consisting of spread plasticity-based beam-column elements to represent the piers and deck, and shear panel elements to represent the pedestal region was developed. To accurately determine beam and column moment-curvature relationships, separate computer analyses using an element fibre model were conducted. In addition, a smeared-crack approach finite element analysis was employed to determine the lateral load-deformation relationship of the pedestal regions. The model of the Cypress Viaduct was subjected to the Oakland Outer Harbor Wharf ground acceleration record in the plane of the bent. The analytical model was calibrated using static lateral load tests, ambient and forced vibration tests, and observed performance. The results of time-history analyses, which include a prediction of member damage, indicate that collapse was initiated by a shear failure of the pedestal regions. C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KUNNATH, SK (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. RI Gross, Jorge/G-9138-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 7 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1016/0141-0296(95)00103-E PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA RX363 UT WOS:A1995RX36300002 ER PT J AU CLARK, E CASTRO, J AF CLARK, E CASTRO, J TI MEGAMAMA IS A VIRGIN - DISSECTION OF THE FIRST FEMALE SPECIMEN OF MEGACHASMA-PELAGIOS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Editorial Material DE MEGACHASMIDAE; MEGAMOUTH SHARK SPECIMEN NUMBER-7; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP CLARK, E (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1007/BF00001165 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RL621 UT WOS:A1995RL62100001 ER PT J AU YANO, K DAHLHEIM, ME AF YANO, K DAHLHEIM, ME TI BEHAVIOR OF KILLER WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA DURING LONGLINE FISHERY INTERACTIONS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; KILLER WHALE; KILLER WHALE GROUP; BOTTOM LONGLINE; LONGLINE FISHERY INTERACTION; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA AB The behavior of killer whales Orcinus orca during bottom longline fishing operations has been investigated in the Bering Sea and adjacent waters. Observations of fishery interactions with killer whales depredating longline caught bottom fish were noted during the Japan-U.S. cooperative longline research survey in 1988. During the survey, 15 of 108 stations encountered killer whales. Based on field observations and photographs of killer whales, we have identified three killer whale groups (BS1, BS2, and BS3) in the Bering Sea fishery interactions. Group size ranged between 4 and 50 whales. The time between the initiation of fishing and the first sighting of killer whales near the vessel varied considerably. With the start of hauling operations, the average time that elapsed before killer whales first arrived was 106 minutes with a range of -10 (killer whales observed 10 minutes prior to hauling operations) to 294 minutes. During depredation, killer whales stayed near the vessel from 62 to 331 minutes. During most interactions, whales approached within 10 to 500 m. At the start of the operations, whales were seen father away from the vessel (100-150 m) but would swim closer as fishing continued (10-100 m). There is some suggestion that killer whales depredate on fish at water depths of 200-300 m or more. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP YANO, K (reprint author), FISHERIES AGCY JAPAN,SHIMONOSEKI BRANCH,SEIKAI NATL FISHERIES RES INST,SHIMONOSEKI,YAMAGUCHI 750,JAPAN. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU JAPAN SOC SCI FISHERIES TOKYO UNIV FISHERIES PI TOKYO PA 5-7 KONAN-4 MINATO-KU, TOKYO 108, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 584 EP 589 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RW345 UT WOS:A1995RW34500008 ER PT J AU MORIYAMA, S DICKHOFF, WW PLISETSKAYA, EM AF MORIYAMA, S DICKHOFF, WW PLISETSKAYA, EM TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I FROM RAINBOW-TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; COHO SALMON; PLASMA-LEVELS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; HORMONE; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-T) has been purified from plasma of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchns mykiss. Plasma samples were collected 48 hr following injection of recombinant tuna growth hormone at a dose of 0.5 mu g/g body weight. Acid-ethanol extract of plasma was fractionated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 superfine column. Two-step ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-52 and then Mono-S columns followed. Rainbow trout IGF-I was further purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with anti-recombinant coho salmon IGF-I (rsIGF-I) serum and HPLC on a reverse-phase C18 column. During purification, trout IGF-I was monitored by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting with anti-IGF-I-serum, homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for salmon IGF-I, and sulfation bioassay. The trout IGF-I appeared on SDS-PAGE as a single band with a molecular weight of 7 kDa, the same size as rsIGF-I. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence (residues 1-20) was identical to the predicted mature trout TGF-I cDNA sequence. Trout IGF-I cross-reacted with anti-rsIGF-I serum in immunoblotting and its dilution curve was parallel to the rsIGF-I standard curve in salmon RIA. In concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/ml, trout IGF-I significantly stimulated sulfation uptake by the cultured branchial cartilage of rainbow trout. This stimulatory effect of trout IGF-I was dose-dependent and similar in its biological potency to rsIGF-I. (C) 1995 Academic Press,Inc. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF15,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 99 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1006/gcen.1995.1105 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RL587 UT WOS:A1995RL58700013 PM 8536933 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, KL SANDER, LC PAGE, SH WISE, SA AF WILLIAMS, KL SANDER, LC PAGE, SH WISE, SA TI SELECTIVITY TRENDS IN PACKED-COLUMN SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH C-18 STATIONARY PHASES SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETENTION; SHAPE; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; C18 AB The retention behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is studied for monomeric and polymeric C(1)8 columns, Molecular shape discrimination (shape selectivity) is assessed through the use of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), and changes in selectivity are studied as a function of temperature, pressure, and mobile phase composition, Examples of separations of complex PAH isomer mixtures are presented, and guidelines are provided for modification and optimization of shape selectivity in SFC. RP WILLIAMS, KL (reprint author), NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 18 IS 8 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RW290 UT WOS:A1995RW29000003 ER PT J AU FAHR, A MONKS, PS STIEF, LJ LAUFER, AH AF FAHR, A MONKS, PS STIEF, LJ LAUFER, AH TI EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF THE RATE-CONSTANT FOR THE REACTION OF C2H3 WITH H-2 AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PARTITIONING OF HYDROCARBONS IN ATMOSPHERES OF THE OUTER PLANETS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; VINYL RADICALS; JOVIAN SYSTEM; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ACETYLENE; NEPTUNE; ABUNDANCES; JUPITER; METHANE; ETHANE AB The reaction between C2H3 and H-2, has been suggested to be potentially important in accounting for observational data on the abundance of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of the giant planets, especially the ratio of [C2H6]/[C2H2] in the jovian stratosphere. Previous values of the rate constant for this reaction have depended on or are derived from either calculated estimates or very indirect measurements in complex reaction systems, Further, reported values, both measured and calculated, for the rate constant k (C2H3 + H-2) at T = 298 K have ranged from 2.5 x 10(-17) to 9 x 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) sec(-1). In this work the room temperature rate constant for the reaction of the vinyl radical with molecular hydrogen has been determined by employing laser photolysis coupled to a kinetic-absorption spectroscopic technique and separately via a gas chromatographic product analysis technique. In one set of experiments the vinyl radicals were generated through the lambda = 193 mm photolysis of divinyl mercury using an ArF excimer laser. The time history of vinyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen was monitored using the 1,3-butadiene (vinyl radical combination product) absorption at lambda = 215 nm. By employing kinetic modeling procedures a rate constant of (3 +/- 2) x 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) sec(-1) was derived. Independently, the lambda = 193 mm photolysis of methyl vinyl ketone was used to generate nearly identical concentrations of methyl and vinyl radicals. Gas chromatographic analysis of the reaction products of the methylvinyl mixed radical system in the presence of H-2 result in a rate constant of the order of 1 x 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) sec(-1). The planetary implications of the rate determinations are briefly discussed. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. US DOE,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20545. RP FAHR, A (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016 OI Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 1995 VL 116 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1006/icar.1995.1134 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RP804 UT WOS:A1995RP80400013 ER PT J AU TAYAG, TJ MACKIE, DM BRYANT, GW AF TAYAG, TJ MACKIE, DM BRYANT, GW TI A MANUFACTURABLE TECHNIQUE FOR IMPLEMENTING LOW-LOSS SELF-IMAGING WAVE-GUIDE BEAMSPLITTERS SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; INP; ULTRACOMPACT; SPLITTER AB A manufacturable technique to implement self-imaging waveguide beamsplitters is proposed and demonstrated. This technique offers low insertion loss and polarization crosstalk, uniform splitting ratios, ease in manufacture, and most importantly application to diverse waveguide material systems, Beamsplitters with splitting ratios that range from 1 x 2 through 1 x 17 were fabricated in GaAs-AlGaAs waveguides, For 1 x 16 splitters integrated with an output ridge waveguide array, the insertion losses in many devices were less than the insertion losses in adjacent straight-through ridge waveguides, The best uniformity spread among the 16 channels was +/-7.8% and the TE-to-TM and TM-to-TE polarization crosstalks were lower than -25 dB. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TAYAG, TJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 7 IS 8 BP 896 EP 898 DI 10.1109/68.404007 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA RP038 UT WOS:A1995RP03800025 ER PT J AU TATARSKII, VI CLIFFORD, SF AF TATARSKII, VI CLIFFORD, SF TI ON THE THEORY OF DELTA-K RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID DUAL-FREQUENCY; SCATTERING AB We consider the theory of waves scattered from a moving, rough, and dispersive surface in the small perturbation limit, The first-order scattered field for a time-dependent surface is obtained in the far zone of scattering in terms of the two-dimensional spectral amplitude of the surface and its dispersion relation, We develop a rigorous Delta k radar theory and show that the nonzero output of a Delta k radar occurs only when the Bragg condition for each signal component is satisfied separately, The frequency correlation function of the scattered field is then proportional to the mean value of the product of the spectral amplitudes of the surface at the corresponding Bragg wavenumbers. The mean value of this product is nonzero only for surfaces that have a locally varying spectrum and is proportional to the Fourier transform (with the argument Delta k) of the variation of the local spectrum with respect to the pattern position, Such variations may be caused by either amplitude or phase modulation of the surface structure, In the former case, our results are similar to the results of existing theory. The latter case of phase modulation of the surface (for example, internal waves interacting with capillary waves) cannot be explained by previous theory. RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), NOAA,DEPT COMMUN,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1109/8.402204 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA RP260 UT WOS:A1995RP26000011 ER PT J AU VONGLAHN, P VANBRUNT, RJ AF VONGLAHN, P VANBRUNT, RJ TI CONTINUOUS RECORDING AND STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS OF PD SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Volta Colloquium on Partial Discharge Measurements CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1994 CL COMO, ITALY ID TRICHEL-PULSE CORONA; DISCHARGE AB We describe the design and use of a digital partial discharge (PD) data recording system capable of continuous real-time recording of PD pulse trains. The recording system consists of a custom two-channel PD digitizer coupled to a personal computer via a 16-bit parallel interface. The digitizer is under software control with the resulting data being stored in binary files on the computer's hard disk. The stored data subsequently are subjected to stochastic analysis using appropriate computer software, Because all data are retained and the computer provides the desired stochastic analysis of data files, the new system is well suited to investigate non-stationary PD behavior such as encountered in aging studies. By way of illustration, the new system was used to determine the time-varying stochastic behavior of ac-generated PD from point-to-dielectric gaps in air where the insulation material was cast epoxy with aluminum oxide filler. The results confirm and extend previous measurements made with an analog stochastic analyzer. With these sample results, we demonstrate how the system allows detailed stochastic analyzes not possible with data obtained from existing conventional PD measurement systems. RP VONGLAHN, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.1109/94.407024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RT706 UT WOS:A1995RT70600010 ER PT J AU AVRAMOVZAMUROVIC, S STENBAKKEN, GN KOFFMAN, AD OLDHAM, NM GAMMON, RW AF AVRAMOVZAMUROVIC, S STENBAKKEN, GN KOFFMAN, AD OLDHAM, NM GAMMON, RW TI BINARY VERSUS DECADE INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE DIVIDER COMPARISON AND ERROR DECOMPOSITION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB An automatic Inductive Voltage Divider (IVD) characterization method that can measure linearity by comparing IVD's with different structures is suggested. Structural models are employed to decompose an error vector into components that represent each divider. Initial tests at 400 Hz show that it is possible to assign independent errors due to the binary and decade structures with a 2 sigma uncertainty of 0.05 parts per million (ppm) at the measured ratio values. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 44 IS 4 BP 904 EP 908 DI 10.1109/19.392879 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RJ149 UT WOS:A1995RJ14900013 ER PT J AU FAHR, A AF FAHR, A TI RATE-CONSTANT AND A DETAILED ERROR ANALYSIS FOR C2H3+H REACTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID VINYL; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB The production and reactions of vinyl radicals and hydrogen atoms from the photolysis of vinyl iodide (C2H3I) at 193 nm have been examined employing laser photolysis coupled to kinetic-absorption spectroscopic and gas chromatographic product analysis techniques. The time history of vinyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen atoms was monitored using the 1,3-butadiene (the vinyl radical combination product) absorption at 210 nm. By employing kinetic modeling procedures a rate constant of 1.8 x 10(-10) cm(2) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the reaction C2H3 + H has been determined at 298 K and 27 KPa (200 torr) pressure. A detailed error analysis for determination of the C2H3 + H reaction rate constant, the initial C2H3 and H concentrations are performed. A combined uncertainty of +/-0.43 x 10-10 cm(2) molecule(-2) s(-1) for the above measured rate constant has been evaluated by combining the contribution of the random errors and the systematic errors (biases) due to uncertainties of each known parameter used in the modeling. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. RP FAHR, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1002/kin.550270804 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RH712 UT WOS:A1995RH71200003 ER PT J AU ALAPATY, K OLERUD, DT SCHERE, KL HANNA, AF AF ALAPATY, K OLERUD, DT SCHERE, KL HANNA, AF TI SENSITIVITY OF REGIONAL OXIDANT MODEL PREDICTIONS TO PROGNOSTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Specialty Conference on Regional Photochemical Measurement and Modeling Studies CY NOV 08-12, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Geophys Union, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SCALE AB Objective analysis and diagnostic methods are used to provide hourly meteorological fields to many air quality simulation models. The viability of using predictions from the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model version 4 (MM4) together with four-dimensional data assimilation technique to provide meteorological information to the U.S. EPA Regional Oxidant Model(ROM) was studied. Two numerical simulations were performed for eight days using the ROM for a domain covering the eastern United States. In the first case, diagnostically analyzed data were used to provide meteorological conditions, while in the second case the MM4's prognostic data were used, Comparisons of processed diagnostic and prognostic meteorological data indicated differences in dynamical, thermodynamical, and other derived variables. Uncertainties and forecast errors present in the predicted vertical temperature profiles led to estimation of lower mixed-layer heights (similar to 30%-50%) and a smaller diurnal range of atmospheric temperatures (similar to 2K) compared with those obtained from the diagnostic data. Comparison of area-averaged horizontal winds for four subdomains indicated minor differences (similar to 1-2 m s(-1)). These differences systematically affected the estimation of other derived meteorological parameters, such as friction velocity and sensible heat flux. Processed emission data also showed some differences (similar to 1-5 ppb h(-1)) that resulted from the differing characteristics of the diagnostic and prognostic meteorological data. Comparison of predicted concentrations of primary (emitted) chemical species such as NOx and reactive organic gases in the two numerical simulations indicated higher values(1-5 and 1-25 ppb, respectively) when the prognostic meteorological data were used. This result was consistent with the lower estimated values of the ROM's layer 1 and layer 2 heights (planetary boundary layer) with the prognostic meteorology. However, comparison of predicted ozone concentrations did not indicate similar features. Area averages of predicted concentrations of ozone for four subdomains indicated both increases and decreases (+15 to-10 ppb) over the area averages predicted by the ROM using diagnostic meteorological data. These results indicate that the prediction of trace gas concentrations and the nonlinearity in the model's chemistry are sensitive to the type of meteorological input used. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP ALAPATY, K (reprint author), N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,MCNC,ENVIRONM PROGRAM,POB 12889,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1787 EP 1801 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<1787:SOROMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RL455 UT WOS:A1995RL45500004 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H FORTUNKO, C HEYLIGER, P AF LEDBETTER, H FORTUNKO, C HEYLIGER, P TI ORTHOTROPIC ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF A BORON-ALUMINUM FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE - AN ACOUSTIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Acoustic-resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the complete elastic constants of a uniaxial-fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composite: boron-aluminum. This material exhibits orthotropic macroscopic symmetry and, therefore, nine independent elastic stiffnesses C-ij. The off diagonal elastic constants (C-12,C-13,C-23), which contain large errors when measured by conventional methods, were especially focused on. Good agreement emerged among present results, a previous pulse-echo study, and theoretical predictions using a plane-scattered-wave ensemble-average model. Attempts to measure the internal-friction ''tensor'' failed. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 1542 EP 1546 DI 10.1063/1.360247 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RK576 UT WOS:A1995RK57600025 ER PT J AU DUNN, ML LEDBETTER, H AF DUNN, ML LEDBETTER, H TI THERMAL-EXPANSION OF TEXTURED POLYCRYSTALLINE AGGREGATES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC VELOCITIES; ALLOYS AB We examine thermal expansion of textured polycrystalline aggregates and focus on polycrystals containing hexagonal monocrystals. Our analysis is based on the coupling of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging procedures for elastic constants, Roe's [R. J. Roe, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2024 (1965)] framework for the mathematical description of the crystallite orientation-distribution function (ODF), and the exact connections of Hashin [Z. Hashin, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 32, 149 (1984)] and Schulgasser [K. Schulgasser, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 35, 35 (1987)] between the thermal-expansion coefficients of a polycrystalline aggregate and the corresponding polycrystal elastic constants, monocrystal elastic constants, and monocrystal thermal-expansion coefficients. The results are simple expressions for the polycrystal thermal-expansion coefficient in terms of the monocrystal elastic constants, thermal-expansion coefficients, and the coefficients in the expansion of the crystallite ODF in a series of generalized spherical harmonics. We present numerical results for zinc and zirconium polycrystals with textures typical of rolling and extrusion processes. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DUNN, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ACOUST MECH & MAT,DEPT MECH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 1583 EP 1588 DI 10.1063/1.360734 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RK576 UT WOS:A1995RK57600030 ER PT J AU LUO, G AF LUO, G TI SIMULATIONS EXPLORING THE DEPENDENCE OF CLOUD-COVER FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION ON CLOUD SIZE AND IMAGE PIXEL RESOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELDS AB The dependence of pixel-scale cloud-cover frequency distribution on cloud size and pixel size is examined through Monte Carlo simulations. A shape parameter, which describes the shape of the frequency distribution, is found to be a simple function of the ratio of cloud size to pixel size. The form of the frequency distribution changes from U shape to bell shape when the ratio decreases. It becomes uniform when the ratio is about 0.8-0.9 for the cases where the regional-scale cloud cover is 0.5. It is shown that on average the cloud cover in partially cloudy pixels increases with increasing regional-scale cloud cover when the ratio of cloud size to pixel size is small. It becomes insensitive to regional-scale cloud cover when the ratio becomes large. It is also shown that, in comparison with the results from Monte Carlo simulations, the grid-scale cloud-cover frequency distribution obtained using a threshold method tends to be more U shaped, and that obtained using a method that assigns 50% cloudiness to partially cloudy pixels tends to be less U shaped, particularly for subgrid cloudiness. A possible way of retrieving cloud size is suggested. It is found that the difference between a simulated cloud field, where clouds are uniformly distributed, and a real cloud field, where clouds may not be uniformly distributed, biases cloud size retrieval. Investigations on how clouds are distributed in a real cloud field are recommended. RP LUO, G (reprint author), NOAA,CTR SCI,UCAR VISITING SCIENTIST PROGRAM,5200 AUTH RD,711,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 712 EP 720 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0712:SETDOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ423 UT WOS:A1995RJ42300002 ER PT J AU FERRARO, RR MARKS, GF AF FERRARO, RR MARKS, GF TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF SSM/I RAIN-RATE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS USING GROUND-BASED RADAR MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; OCEANIC RAINFALL; NIMBUS-7 SMMR; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; ICE; SEA AB Rainfall algorithms developed for the DMSP Special Sensor Microwave/Imager are presented and then ''calibrated'' against ground-based radar measurements to develop instantaneous rain-rate retrieval algorithms. These include both scattering- and emission-based algorithms. Radar data from Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom have been used in the investigation. Because of the difficulties in accurately matching the satellite and radar measurements in both time and space, an approach where both measurements are grouped in 1 mm h(-1) rain-rate bins provides a much more accurate set of measurements to be used in the derivation of coefficients for instantaneous rain-rate retrieval. Both linear and nonlinear relationships are developed, with the nonlinear fits being more accurate and supported by model simulations. An application of the derived instantaneous rain-rate relationships to an independent case is presented, with approximately a 10% error for the scattering algorithm when compared with radar-derived rain rates. C1 SM SYST & RES CORP,BOWIE,MD. RP FERRARO, RR (reprint author), NOAA,SATELLITE RES LAB,5200 AUTH RD,RM 712,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 32 TC 193 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0755:TDOSRR>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ423 UT WOS:A1995RJ42300005 ER PT J AU BOSS, EF GONZALEZ, FI AF BOSS, EF GONZALEZ, FI TI CORRECTIONS TO BOTTOM PRESSURE RECORDS FOR DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Factory calibration of Digiquartz(TM) transducers allows for static temperature corrections, assuming that the temperature changes slowly enough during deployment that the gauge is always in thermal equilibrium. Deep ocean bottom pressure recorders used by the NOAA/PMEL Tsunami Project are sometimes deployed in environments where assumptions of thermal equilibrium do not hold. In these cases the static temperature correction is not sufficient; pressure signals arise that are due purely to dynamic changes in the temperature of the gauge itself. Previous authors have determined the dynamic response of a transducer by subjecting it to known temperature-forcing functions in the laboratory and measuring the pressure response. The authors have developed a method of estimating the temperature response by relating the pressure signal to the time derivative of temperature. This relationship has been explored both with field and laboratory data. Once the parameters describing this relationship have been determined, pressure records can be corrected for dynamic temperature effects. For one particular deployment at the Loihi Seamount in Hawaii, pressure ''noise'' in the 2-120-min period band has been reduced from 8 mb to less than 1 mb. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP BOSS, EF (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,DIV OCEAN ENVIRONM RES,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 915 EP 922 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0915:CTBPRF>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ423 UT WOS:A1995RJ42300015 ER PT J AU FORNEY, D JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE AF FORNEY, D JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE TI THE VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA OF MOLECULAR-IONS ISOLATED IN SOLID NEON .12. HCL+, (HCL)(2)(+), CLHCL-, AND O-2-CENTER-DOT-CENTER-DOT-HCL+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; PENNING IONIZATION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STRETCHING FUNDAMENTALS; MATRIX-ISOLATION; LINE POSITIONS; NEGATIVE-ION; GAS-PHASE AB When a Ne:HCl or a Ne:DCl sample is codeposited at approximately 5 K with a beam of neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, the infrared spectrum of the solid deposit includes the fundamental absorption of HCl+ or DCl+, which appears about 1% below the corresponding gas-phase band center. Another absorption, intermediate between the fundamentals of HCl and of HCl+, is contributed by an HCl-stretching fundamental of (HCl)(2)(+). Among the important anion species present in the solid is C1HCl(-), infrared absorptions of which are identified. Charge delocalization is sufficiently reduced in solid neon, compared to the heavier rare gases, that ion production from HCl does not occur at or below 10.2 eV. The electric field of the ions trapped in solid neon inhibits the rotation of HCl and leads to the appearance of a prominent HCl Q-branch absorption. In the presence of traces of oxygen, the O-2...HCl+ complex is stabilized, as evidenced by the appearance of the OO- and HCl-stretching absorptions of that species. The two O atoms are equivalent or nearly equivalent in the complex. It is suggested that photoexcitation of O-2...HCl+ leads to charge exchange, producing O-2(+) and HCl, with a threshold near 370 nm. RP FORNEY, D (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC BIOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 91 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1766 DI 10.1063/1.469749 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RL767 UT WOS:A1995RL76700004 ER PT J AU LIN, CC JEON, HS BALSARA, NP HAMMOUDA, B AF LIN, CC JEON, HS BALSARA, NP HAMMOUDA, B TI SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYSTYRENE POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); PROTONATED POLYBUTADIENE BLENDS; PHASE-SEPARATION KINETICS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; BINARY-MIXTURES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Spinodal decomposition in multicomponent mixtures of two homopolymers and a block copolymer was studied by a combination of neutron and light scattering experiments. Mixtures of nearly monodisperse polyolefins-polymethylbutylene (M(w) = 1.7 x 10(5) gm/mol), polyethylbutylene (M(w) = 2.2 x 10(5) gm/mol), and a symmetric polymethylbutylene-block-polyethylbutylene (M(w) = 4.6 x 10(4) gm/mol) were studied, following relatively deep quenches into the spinodal region (-)chi/chi(s) ranged from 1.7 to 2.4 (chi is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter at the experimental temperature and chi(s) is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter at the spinodal temperature). The ratio of homopolymer volume fractions was kept constant at unity, and the block copolymer volume fraction was varied from 0.0 to 0.2. The evolution of structure was followed over five decades of real time-1 min to 1 month. During this time, the characteristic length scale of the phase separated structure increased from 10(-1) to 10 mu m. The early stages of spinodal decomposition, captured by time-resolved neutron scattering, were compared with theoretical predictions based on the random phase approximation (RPA). Qualitative agreement was obtained. The intermediate and late stages, studied by light scattering, followed classic signatures of binary spinodal decomposition. Experimental evidence indicates that the block copolymer is uniformly distributed throughout the sample during all stages of the decomposition. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP POLYTECH INST NEW YORK, DEPT CHEM ENGN, 6 METROTECH CTR, BROOKLYN, NY 11201 USA. NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1957 EP 1971 DI 10.1063/1.469720 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RL767 UT WOS:A1995RL76700027 ER PT J AU TOMASZKIEWICZ, I HOPE, GA OHARE, PAG AF TOMASZKIEWICZ, I HOPE, GA OHARE, PAG TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF (GERMANIUM PLUS TELLURIUM) .1. STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY OF FORMATION DELTA-H-F-DEGREES(M) AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15 K OF CRYSTALLINE GERMANIUM MONOTELLURIDE GETE BY FLUORINE-BOMB CALORIMETRY - A CRITICAL-ASSESSMENT OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF GETE(CR AND G) AND GETE2(G) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY; MONOSELENIDE; VAPORIZATION; GES AB The standard massic energy change at the temperature T = 298.15 K for the reaction: GeTe(cr) + 5F(2)(g) = GeF4(g) + TeF6(g) has been measured in a fluorine-bomb calorimeter, and from it has been derived the standard molar enthalpy of formation Delta(f)H(m)(o)(GeTe, cr, 298.15 K) = -(18.2 + 4.6) kJ . mol(-1). On the basis of that result, and three closely agreeing values recalculated from literature sources, Delta(f)H(m)(o)(GeTe, cr, 298.15 K) = -(20 +/- 3) kJ . mol(-1) is recommended. (Uncertainties in this abstract correspond to twice the standard deviation of the mean.) The conventional standard molar thermodynamic functions of GeTe and GeTe2, both in the ideal-gas state, were calculated by the methods of statistical mechanics. The following thermodynamic properties of GeTe(cr) were critically evaluated: molar enthalpy increments, molar heat capacity, and molar enthalpy of sublimation. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. GRIFFITH UNIV,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW,POLAND. RI Hope, Gregory/A-7556-2008 OI Hope, Gregory/0000-0003-2694-3456 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 901 EP 919 DI 10.1006/jcht.1995.0096 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA RP051 UT WOS:A1995RP05100009 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG AF OHARE, PAG TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF (GERMANIUM PLUS TELLURIUM) .2. MOLAR ENTHALPIES OF DISSOCIATION OF BONDS IN GETE(G), GETE2(G), AND GE2TE2(G) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Well established thermochemical values yield the enthalpy of dissociation of GeTe(g): D-m(o)(GeTe) = (396.7 +/- 3.3) kJ . mol(-1) at T --> 0. The same quantity estimated from spectroscopic measurements is uncertain. The mean enthalpy of dissociation [D-m(o)] of the Ge-to-Te bonds in GeTe2(g) is (303 +/- 4) kJ . mol(-1), and D-m(o)(Te-GeTe)=(210 +/- 8) kJ . mol(-1). Thus, D-m(o)(Te-GeTe)/D-m(o)(GeTe) approximate to 0.5, a relation found earlier for other diatomic and triatomic molecules of the chalcogenides of Group 14. In the cyclic compound Ge2Te2(g), the [D-m(o)] of the four Ge-to-Te bonds is (224 +/- 3) kJ . mol(-1). These values of D-m(o)(GeTe) and [D-m(o)] follow the progression expected for nominal triple, double, and single G-to-Te bonds in GeTe(g), GeTe2(g), and Ge2Te2(g), respectively. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited. RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 921 EP 926 DI 10.1006/jcht.1995.0097 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA RP051 UT WOS:A1995RP05100010 ER PT J AU SUN, DZ OORT, AH AF SUN, DZ OORT, AH TI HUMIDITY-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODELS AB Based on the observed interannual variations of water vapor and temperature over the past 26 years the authors have examined the relationship between the variations of water vapor and temperature in the tropical troposphere. The authors find that in both the lower and upper troposphere, tropical mean specific humidity increases with temperature. The rate of fractional increase of specific humidity with temperature at 500 mb is as large as that in the surface boundary layer. However, the rate of fractional increase of specific humidity with temperature is significantly smaller than that given by a model with a fixed relative humidity, particularly in the region immediately above the tropical convective boundary layer. The variations of tropical mean relative humidity show consistently a negative correlation with the temperature variations. The authors have further compared the spatial structure of the specific humidity variations with that of the temperature variations. Though the vertical structure of tropical mean specific humidity has more variability than that of the tropical mean temperature, the leading EOF for the normalized specific humidity variations is almost exactly the same as the leading EOF for the normalized temperature variations. The characteristic horizontal structure of the specific humidity variations at levels in the free troposphere, however, is very different from that of the temperature variations. The leading EOF for the normalized specific humidity variations at levels in the free troposphere is characterized by regions with alternating positive and negative signs, while the leading EOF for the corresponding temperature variations has a single sign throughout the Tropics. When the variations are averaged zonally, the leading EOF for the normalized specific humidity variations still differs significantly from that of the normalized temperature variations, but the leading EOF has the same sign from the deep Tropics to the subtropics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1974 EP 1987 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1974:HRITTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN694 UT WOS:A1995RN69400005 ER PT J AU JACKSON, DL STEPHENS, GL AF JACKSON, DL STEPHENS, GL TI A STUDY OF SSM/I-DERIVED COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR OVER THE GLOBAL OCEANS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL; PRESSURE; MOISTURE; PROFILES AB Four years of columnar water vapor (CWV) data from July 1987 through June 1991 derived from a satellite-based physical retrieval method are analyzed using microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. This retrieval along with three statistically based retrievals were compared to radiosonde data compiled for the GEWEX Water Vapor Project. it is shown that the root-mean-square (rms) difference (R) between the radiosonde data and these satellite retrievals ranges from 4.66 kg m(-2) to 5.08 kg m(-2). The rms difference was found to have a seasonal variability of up to 1.0 kg m(-2) with the highest R in JJA. It was also found to significantly depend on the specified time and spatial coincidence of the satellite pixels with the radiosonde observation. The rms difference decreased by about 0.65 kg m(-2) when the time constraint was reduced from 2 h to 0.5 h, but R increased by about 0.3 kg m(-2) when the spatial coincidence was reduced from 50 to 20 km. The relationship between 4 yr of CWV and SST data was found to vary significantly with season and hemisphere. The correlation between 4 yr of monthly mean, globally averaged SST and CWV was approximately 0.95 for the hemispheric means and 0.65 for the global means. The 4-yr correlation of SST and CWV was found to be strongest in the subtropical regions and weakest in several tropical regions. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP JACKSON, DL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2025 EP 2038 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2025:ASOSDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN694 UT WOS:A1995RN69400008 ER PT J AU ELLENDER, RD HUANG, LP SHARP, SL TETTLETON, RP AF ELLENDER, RD HUANG, LP SHARP, SL TETTLETON, RP TI ISOLATION, ENUMERATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI FROM FROZEN CRABMEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE STAPHYLOCOCCI; CRABMEAT; DETECTION ID BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS; WATERS; FRESH AB Bacterial levels in frozen crabmeat samples were determined by plate counts using four staphylococcal isolation media incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h at 26 and 35 degrees C. Staphylococcal counts determined by the spread-plate Food and Drug Administration Baird-Parker protocol incubated at 35 degrees C for 48 h (FDABP48-35) served as the standard for comparison. When FDABP48-35 counts were compared to counts from 29 combinations of media, time of incubation, and incubation temperature, only FDABP and Borrego, Florido, Mrocek, and Romero (BFMR) counts, representing 11 combinations, were statistically comparable to FDABP48-35 counts. Cocci (91.5%) were the dominant bacterial type; gram-positive rods (8.3%) and gramnegative isolates (0.2%) were also detected. Isolates tested by the coagulase reaction were predominantly coagulase negative (CN) (97.7%). Of 100 isolates analyzed by the BIOLOG identification procedure, 62% were classified as Staphylococcus lentus, S. hominis, and S. epidermidis. Three isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. These data indicate that species identification of staphylococci from crabmeat can assist in determining the source of contamination, and that staphylococcal isolates from crabmeat are more likely to be coagulase negative. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL SEAFOOD INSPECT LAB,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568. RP ELLENDER, RD (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOX 5165,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 58 IS 8 BP 853 EP 857 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RQ829 UT WOS:A1995RQ82900005 ER PT J AU BLOOM, RM SINGER, HJ AF BLOOM, RM SINGER, HJ TI DIURNAL TRENDS IN GEOMAGNETIC NOISE POWER IN THE PC-2 THROUGH PC-5 BANDS AT LOW GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; WAVES AB Mean, integrated geomagnetic noise power spectra in six octaves between 0.002 and 0.128 Hz from the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) magnetometer network were grouped into seasonal ensembles. We found that the local time variation of the mean logarithm of this ensemble, with respect to both 3-hr and 8.5-min time blocks, consistently experienced a 5-10 dB maximum centered around local noon at higher frequencies and near dawn and dusk at lower frequencies, a factor of 3-10 in power. The shape of this trend differed with geomagnetic field component, geomagnetic latitude, and frequency octave. The high-frequency Pc 3 and 4 waves have a broad maximum in power centered on local noon, but the longer-period Pc 4 and 5 wave power maximizes away from noon toward dawn for the north-South geomagnetic field component and toward dusk for the east-west component. Two years of data did not provide a large enough sample to resolve a significant seasonal variation in the shape of the diurnal trend. These trends changed consistently during periods of enhanced global activity, as measured by the index Ap. These are among the first systematic observations of Pc 5 wave power at low geomagnetic latitudes (40 degrees-55 degrees), indicating that wave energy from the outer magnetosphere is coupling or propagating to low-latitude locations. This statistical study extends the few previous event studies by providing an explicit parametrization of local time trends in wave power as a function of frequency subband, geographic location, and magnetic activity. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BLOOM, RM (reprint author), PACIFIC SIERRA RES CORP,2901 28TH ST,SANTA MONICA,CA 90405, USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A8 BP 14943 EP 14953 DI 10.1029/95JA01332 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RN064 UT WOS:A1995RN06400040 ER PT J AU COOPER, LY AF COOPER, LY TI COMBINED BUOYANCY AND PRESSURE-DRIVEN FLOW-THROUGH A SHALLOW, HORIZONTAL, CIRCULAR VENT SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE FIRE FLAMES; MIXED CONVECTION; NATURAL CONVECTION AB Combined buoyancy and pressure-driven (i.e., forced) flow through a horizontal vent is considered where the vent-connected spaces are filled with fluids of different density in an unstable configuration (density of the top is larger than that of the bottom). With zero-to-moderate cross-vent pressure difference, Delta p, the instability leads to bidirectional exchange flow between the two spaces, e.g., as in the emptying from the bottom of a liquid-filled can with a single vent opening. For relatively large ap, the flow through the vent is unidirectional, from the high to the low-pressure space, e.g., as is the case when the can has a large enough second vent at the top. Problems of a commonly used unidirectional orifice vent pow model, with Bernoulli's equation and a constant flow coefficient, C-D, are discussed. First, the orifice model does not predict bidirectional flows at zero-to-moderate Delta p. Also, when np exceeds the critical value, Delta p(FL), which defines the onset of unidirectional or ''flooding'' flow, there is a significant dependence of C-D on the relative buoyancy of the upper and lower fluids (i.e., C-D is not constant). Analysis of relevant boundary value problems and of available experimental data leads to a mathematical vent flow model, which removes the problems of the orifice flow model. The result is a general algorithm to calculate flow through shallow, horizontal, circular vents under high-Grashof-number conditions. RP COOPER, LY (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1995 VL 117 IS 3 BP 659 EP 667 DI 10.1115/1.2822627 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA RX547 UT WOS:A1995RX54700014 ER PT J AU WEISSHAAR, A LI, J GALLAWA, RL GOYAL, IC AF WEISSHAAR, A LI, J GALLAWA, RL GOYAL, IC TI VECTOR AND QUASI-VECTOR SOLUTIONS FOR OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE MODES USING EFFICIENT GALERKINS METHOD WITH HERMITE-GAUSS BASIS FUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC WAVE-GUIDES; EQUATION; MICROWAVE AB An efficient vector formulation and a corresponding quasi-vector formulation for the analysis of optical waveguides are presented, The proposed method is applicable to a large class of optical waveguides with general refractive index profile in a finite region of arbitrary shape and surrounded by a homogeneous cladding, The vector formulation is based on Galerkin's procedure using Hermite-Gauss basis functions, It is shown that use of Hermite-Gauss basis functions leads to a significant increase in computational efficiency over trigonometric basis functions, The quasi-vector solution is obtained from the standard scalar formulation by including a polarization correction, The accuracy of the scalar, vector, and quasi-vector solutions is demonstrated by comparison with the exact solution for the fundamental mode in a circular fiber, Comparison of the modal solutions obtained with the various methods for optical waveguides with square, rectangular, circular, and elliptical core demonstrate the accuracy and advantage of the quasi-vector solution. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. INDIAN INST TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, NEW DELHI 10015, INDIA. RP WEISSHAAR, A (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1795 EP 1800 DI 10.1109/50.405326 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA RQ550 UT WOS:A1995RQ55000026 ER PT J AU LUND, B AF LUND, B TI SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION WITH AND WITHOUT LOGIC SO JOURNAL OF LITERARY SEMANTICS LA English DT Article RP LUND, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INFORMAT TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20760, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JULIUS GROOS VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA HERTZSTRASSE 6 P O BOX 102423, W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0341-7638 J9 J LITERARY SEMANTICS JI J. Lit. Sem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Language & Linguistics; Literature SC Linguistics; Literature GA RZ051 UT WOS:A1995RZ05100005 ER PT J AU KUZIAK, R BOLD, T CHENG, YW AF KUZIAK, R BOLD, T CHENG, YW TI MICROSTRUCTURE CONTROL OF FERRITE-PEARLITE HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEELS UTILIZING MICROALLOYING ADDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Scientific Conference on Advanced Materials and Technologies CY MAY 17-21, 1995 CL GLIWICE, POLAND AB The purpose of the paper was to summarize the role of microalloying additions in the microstructure evolution control in ferrite-pearlite HSLA steels. The emphasis was placed upon employing high nitrogen content to increase grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in these steels. A complicated nature of the precipitation processes of carbonitrides at different technological stages of steel processing, and its relevance to the microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of a final product was discussed. It was shown that increasing nitrogen content up to 150 - 200 ppm increased strength properties of steels treated with V, Ti and Mb compared to the steels with low nitrogen contents. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. RP KUZIAK, R (reprint author), INST FERROUS MET,GLIWICE,POLAND. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0924-0136(95)01983-L PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QX732 UT WOS:A1995QX73200029 ER PT J AU WEI, LH VAUDIN, M HWANG, CS WHITE, G XU, J STECKL, AJ AF WEI, LH VAUDIN, M HWANG, CS WHITE, G XU, J STECKL, AJ TI HEAT-CONDUCTION IN SILICON THIN-FILMS - EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIAMOND AB A study was made of the thermal properties of low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon thin films with amorphous and polycrystalline microstructures, produced by varying the substrate temperature. Thermal diffusivity measurements were conducted using a thermal wave technique. The thermal diffusivity of the polycrystalline films was found to be about three times that of the amorphous films, but about one eighth that of bulk silicon single crystals. There was also an indication that the diffusivity increased with deposition temperature above the transition temperature from the amorphous to the polycrystalline state, The relationships between the thermal properties and microstructural features, such as grain size and grain boundary, are discussed. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,NANELECTR LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP WEI, LH (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hwang, Cheol Seong/C-8568-2009; OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1889 EP 1896 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.1889 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA RM481 UT WOS:A1995RM48100007 ER PT J AU CHANCE, KV PARK, K EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR STROH, F AF CHANCE, KV PARK, K EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR STROH, F TI FAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM OF HO2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; GROUND-STATE PARAMETERS; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; MILLIMETER; SUBMILLIMETER; SPIN; DO2; OH; STRATOSPHERE AB We have measured the frequencies of 17 transitions in the far-infrared spectrum of the hydroperoxyl radical, HO2, from 2.5 to 5.9 THz, encompassing rotational levels up to N = 19 and K--1 = 5. These measured transition frequencies are combined with previously measured microwave and millimeter-wave transition frequencies in a complete reanalysis of the HO2 Hamiltonian for the ground vibrational state, including spin-rotation and nuclear hyperfine interactions. A revised set of molecular constants is presented. These include centrifugal distortion effects through octic dependence on the rotational angular momentum and the off-diagonal tenser component of the spin-spin dipolar interaction between the proton and the unpaired electron spin. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV OREGON, DEPT PHYS, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST STRATOSPHER CHEM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. RP CHANCE, KV (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Stroh, Fred/A-6505-2009; OI Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1188 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA RN476 UT WOS:A1995RN47600009 ER PT J AU SIMIU, E GRIGORIU, M AF SIMIU, E GRIGORIU, M TI NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE EFFECTS ON RELIABILITY OF MULTISTABLE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CHAOS AB For certain types of compliant structures, the designer must consider limit states associated with the onset of fluidelastic instability. These limit states may include bifurcations from motion in a safe region of phase space to chaotic motion with exits (jumps) out of the safe region. In practice, such bifurcations occur in systems with noisy or stochastic excitations. For a wide class of dynamical systems, a fundamental connection between deterministic and stochastic chaos allows the application to stochastic systems of a necessary condition for the occurrence of chaos originally obtained by Melnikov for the deterministic case, We discuss the application of this condition to obtain probabilities that chaotic motions with jumps cannot occur in multistable systems excited by processes with tail-limited marginal distributions. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SIMIU, E (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1995 VL 117 IS 3 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1115/1.2827085 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA RV366 UT WOS:A1995RV36600003 ER PT J AU LUECKE, WE WIEDERHORN, SM HOCKEY, BJ KRAUSE, RF LONG, GG AF LUECKE, WE WIEDERHORN, SM HOCKEY, BJ KRAUSE, RF LONG, GG TI CAVITATION CONTRIBUTES SUBSTANTIALLY TO TENSILE CREEP IN SILICON-NITRIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GRAIN-BOUNDARY PHASE; HOT-PRESSED SI3N4; LIQUID-PHASE; SINTERED ALUMINA; ENHANCED CREEP; ANGLE; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION AB During tensile creep of a hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) silicon nitride, the volume fraction of cavities increases linearly with strain; these cavities produce nearly all of the measured strain. In contrast, compressive creep in the same stress and temperature range produces very little cavitation. A stress exponent that increases with stress (epsilon proportional to sigma '', 2 < n < 7) characterizes the tensile creep response, while the compressive creep response exhibits a stress dependence of unity. Furthermore, under the same stress and temperature, the material creeps nearly 100 times faster in tension than in compression. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the cavities formed during tensile creep occur in pockets of residual crystalline silicate phase located at silicon nitride multigrain junctions. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from crept material quantifies the size distribution of cavities observed in TEM and demonstrates that cavity addition, rather than cavity growth, dominates the cavitation process. These observations are in accord with a model for creep based on the deformation of granular materials in which the microstructure must dilate for individual grains to slide past one another. During tensile creep the silicon nitride grains remain rigid; cavitation in the multigrain junctions allows the silicate to flow from cavities to surrounding silicate pockets, allowing the dilatation of the microstructure and deformation of the material. Silicon nitride grain boundary sliding accommodates this expansion and leads to extension of the specimen. In compression, where cavitation is suppressed, deformation occurs by solution-reprecipitation of silicon nitride. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LUECKE, WE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Luecke, William/0000-0003-0587-4500 NR 58 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 8 BP 2085 EP 2096 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08620.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TJ789 UT WOS:A1995TJ78900011 ER PT J AU STEIN, SE AF STEIN, SE TI CHEMICAL SUBSTRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION BY MASS-SPECTRAL LIBRARY SEARCHING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; RETRIEVAL-SYSTEM; COMPUTER; PREDICTION; INFORMATION AB A library-search procedure that identifies structural features of an unknown compound from its electron-ionization mass spectrum is described. Like other methods, this procedure first retrieves library compounds whose spectra are most similar to the spectrum of an unknown compound. It then deduces structural features of the unknown compound from the chemical structures of the retrievals. Unlike other methods, the significance of each retrieved spectrum is weighted according to its similarity to the spectrum of the unknown compound. Also, a ''peaks-in-common'' screening step serves to reduce search times and an optimized dot product function provides the match factor. If the molecular weight of the unknown compound is provided, the identification of certain substructures can be improved by including ''neutral loss'' peaks. Correlations between the presence of a substructure in a test compound and its presence among library retrievals were derived from the results of searching the NIST/EPA/NIH reference library with a 7891 compound test set. These correlations allow the estimation of probabilities of substructure occurrence and absence in an unknown compound from the results of a library search. This method may be viewed as an optimization of the ''K-nearest neighbor'' method of Isenhour and co-workers, with improvements that arise from spectrum screening, peak scaling, an optimal distance measure, a relative-distance weighting scheme, and a larger reference library. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CTR MASS SPECT DATA, RECEIVING ROOM, BLDG 301, RT 270 & QUINCE ORCHARD R, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 6 IS 8 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(05)80054-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RL954 UT WOS:A1995RL95400005 PM 24214391 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JL AF ANDERSON, JL TI A SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING WITH A FORCED BAROTROPIC MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TELECONNECTION PATTERNS; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; COHERENT STRUCTURES; VORTICITY EQUATION; WEATHER REGIMES; LARGE-SCALE; EDDIES; INSTABILITY AB Nearly stationary states (NSSs) of the barotropic vorticity equation (EVE) on the sphere that are closely related to observed atmospheric blocking patterns have recently been derived. Examining the way such NSSs affect integrations of the EVE is of interest. Unfortunately, the EVE rapidly evolves away from the neighborhood of blocking NSSs due to instability and never again generates sufficient amplitude to return to the vicinity of the blocking NSSs. However, forced versions of the EVE with both a high amplitude blocking NSS and more zonal low amplitude NSSs can be constructed. For certain parameter ranges, extended integrations of these forced BVEs exhibit two ''regimes,'' one strongly blocked and the other relatively zonal. Somewhat realistic simulations of low and high frequency variability and individual blocking event life cycles are also produced by these forced barotropic models. It is argued here that these regimes are related to ''attractor-like'' behavior of the NSSs of the forced EVE. Strong barotropic shea waves apparently provide the push needed to cause a transition to or from the blocked regime. In the purely barotropic model used here, there is a rather delicate balance required between the forcing strength for different spatial scales in order to produce regimelike behavior. However, the mechanism proposed appears to be a viable candidate for explaining the observed behavior of blocking events in the atmosphere. RP ANDERSON, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 15 BP 2593 EP 2608 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2593:ASOABW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RL815 UT WOS:A1995RL81500001 ER PT J AU SUGAR, J ROWAN, WL AF SUGAR, J ROWAN, WL TI IMPROVED WAVELENGTHS FOR PROMINENT LINES OF FE-XX TO FE-XXIII SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CR; ATOMS; IONS; NI AB New measurements of 26 spectral lines of highly ionized Fe in the range of 91-263 Angstrom have been carried out with a wavelength uncertainty of +/-5 m Angstrom. The Light source was the TEXT tokamak at the University of Texas in Austin. Lines of Be-Like, B-like, C-like, and N-like Fe are included, with visually estimated intensities, the best previous measurements, and energy-level classifications. Level values are derived from these wavelengths and from known magnetic dipole (M1) lines. C1 UNIV TEXAS,FUS RES CTR,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1403 EP 1405 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.12.001403 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA RN059 UT WOS:A1995RN05900003 ER PT J AU ZERBETTO, SC VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZINK, LR EVENSON, KM AF ZERBETTO, SC VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZINK, LR EVENSON, KM TI OPTICALLY PUMPED FAR-INFRARED LASER LINES AND FREQUENCIES FROM (CD3OH)-C-13 SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB We report 26 new far-infrared laser lines from optically pumped (CD3OH)-C-13 and the frequencies of 20 of these lines along with 8 other previously reported lines. Most of the new lines were pumped by regular and sequence lines of the 10R branch of a cw CO2 laser. Nine of the new lines are in the range 32-70 mu m, helping to fill the gaps in the wavelength region. To our knowledge, the 32.4-mu m laser line is the highest frequency of an optically pumped methanol laser ever measured with the heterodyne technique. The pump offsets for 30 laser lines were also measured (including 20 of the new lines). C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS,INST FIS GLEB WATAGHIN,DEPT ELETR QUANT,BR-13083970 CAMPINAS,BRAZIL. RP ZERBETTO, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1516 EP 1518 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.12.001516 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA RN059 UT WOS:A1995RN05900017 ER PT J AU KRUEGER, S ANKNER, JF SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF GURLEY, D COLOMBINI, M AF KRUEGER, S ANKNER, JF SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF GURLEY, D COLOMBINI, M TI EXTENDING THE ANGULAR RANGE OF NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS FROM PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS - APPLICATION TO A MODEL BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID OUTER MITOCHONDRIAL-MEMBRANE; RECOGNITION; SCATTERING; INTERFACES; RESOLUTION; VESICLES; PROTEIN; CHANNEL; VDAC AB A novel experimental setup has been used to measure the specularly-reflected neutron intensity from a model biological membrane containing components from the outer membrane of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. The specular reflectivity from a single bilayer membrane, formed by the fusion of vesicles onto a phospholipid monolayer supported on a flat substrate, was measured in both D2O and H2O solvents. In D2O solvent, reflected neutron intensities down to 10(-6) were measured for wavevector transfers out to 0.25 Angstrom(-1). A symmetric model for the neutron scattering length density profile perpendicular to the bilayer surface was constructed based on fits to the D2O data. The overall bilayer thickness was found to be 43 +/- 2 Angstrom. The individual lipid head group and hydrocarbon tail layer thicknesses were 7.5 +/- 1.4 and 28.0 +/- 2.8 Angstrom, respectively. The fitted results are consistent with the H2O data. The integrity of the model membrane bilayer was confirmed by comparing its measured reflectivity to that obtained from a single lipid bilayer consisting of soybean phospholipids (asolectin) which was deposited on a flat substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KRUEGER, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Colombini, Marco/A-1540-2014; OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG PY 1995 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3218 EP 3222 DI 10.1021/la00008a055 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RR771 UT WOS:A1995RR77100055 ER PT J AU SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA AF SUNDA, WG HUNTSMAN, SA TI IRON UPTAKE AND GROWTH LIMITATION IN OCEANIC AND COASTAL PHYTOPLANKTON SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CELLULAR MANGANESE; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; RATES; PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT; SEAWATER AB Iron concentrations in open ocean are orders of magnitude lower than levels in coastal waters. Experiments with coastal and oceanic phytoplankton clones representing different algal groups and cell sizes indicate that cellular iron uptake rates are similar among the species when rates are normalized to cell surface area. This similarity in rates apparently is explained by evolutionary pressures that have pushed iron uptake in all species toward the maximum limits imposed by diffusion and ligand exchange kinetics. Because of these physical/chemical limits on uptake, oceanic species have been forced to decrease their cell size and/or to reduce their growth requirements for cellular iron by up to 8-fold. The biochemical mechanisms responsible for this reduction in metabolic requirements are unknown. RP SUNDA, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 43 TC 581 Z9 596 U1 8 U2 110 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00035-P PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA RV934 UT WOS:A1995RV93400015 ER PT J AU TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME GUO, CZ PAERL, HW MILLIE, DF AF TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME GUO, CZ PAERL, HW MILLIE, DF TI EVALUATING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN THE NEWPORT RIVER ESTUARY (NORTH-CAROLINA, USA) BY HPLC-DERIVED PIGMENT PROFILES SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPLANKTON; PIGMENTS; HPLC ID SPRING BLOOM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; SURFACE BLOOMS; CHLOROPHYLL-B; ATLANTIC; SEA; ADAPTATION; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY AB The composition and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages during the spring bloom in a shallow, coastal-plain estuary were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-derived pigment profiles. From mid-February through the first week in June 1991, samples were collected twice weekly at 2 sites within the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA. Pigment profiles, reflecting phytoplankton assemblages dominated by diatoms, dinoflagellates, prymnesiophytes, cryptophytes, and chlorophytes, were compared to phytoplankton cell counts. There were significant (p less than or equal to 0.0005, r(2) = 0.49 to 0.63) relationships between the taxon-specific pigment concentrations and the taxon-specific cell numbers. HPLC-determined chlorophyll (chl) a biomass corresponded with the sum of the taxon-specific chl a biomass (p less than or equal to 0.001, r(2) = 0.95). Each taxon-specific biomass was calculated based on chl a:accessory pigment ratios determined by regression analyses. Chl a biomass was also measured fluorometrically and compared with the HPLC results. Fluorometric analysis underestimated biomass when prymnesiophytes, cryptophytes, and chlorophytes dominated the phytoplankton. Despite the inherent environmental variability of the estuarine sampling location, HPLC-derived pigment profiles did provide division-level phylogenetic assessment of large, short-term changes in the phytoplankton composition and detected assemblage responses to event-scale perturbation effects (e.g. precipitation, wind). These results demonstrate that even in highly variable environments HPLC-based pigment analysis is a valuable tool, providing complementary information to the traditional methodology of cell counting. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, INST MARINE SCI, MOREHEAD CITY, NC 28557 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. LOYOLA UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. RP TESTER, PA (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES CTR, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 35 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps124237 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RW867 UT WOS:A1995RW86700020 ER PT J AU MARKS, KM STOCK, JM AF MARKS, KM STOCK, JM TI ASYMMETRIC SEA-FLOOR SPREADING AND SHORT RIDGE JUMPS IN THE AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE; RIDGE JUMP; ASYMMETRIC SEA-FLOOR SPREADING ID OCEAN; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; ALTIMETRY; PACIFIC; GRAVITY; RATES; SOUTH AB The crenulated geometry of the Southeast Indian ridge within the Australian-Antarctic discordance is formed by numerous spreading ridge segments that are offset, alternately to the north and south, by transform faults. Suggested causes for these offsets, which largely developed since similar to 20 Ma, include asymmetric seafloor spreading, ridge jumps, and propagating rifts that have transferred seafloor from one flank of the spreading ridge to the other. Each of these processes has operated at different times in different locations of the discordance; here we document an instance where a small (similar to 20 km), young (< 0.2 Ma), southward ridge jump has contributed to the observed asymmetry. When aeromagnetic anomalies from the Project Investigator-1 survey are superposed on gravity anomalies computed from Geosat GM and ERM data, we find that in segment B4 of the discordance (between 125 degrees and 126 degrees E), the roughly east-west-trending gravity low, correlated with the axial valley, is 20-25 km south of the ridge axis position inferred from the center of magnetic anomaly 1. Elsewhere in the discordance, the inferred locations of the ridge axis from magnetics and gravity are in excellent agreement. Ship track data confirm these observations: portions of Moana Wave track crossing the ridge in B4 show that a topographic valley correlated with the gravity anomaly low lies south of the center of magnetic anomaly 1; while other ship track data that cross the spreading ridge in segments B3 and B5 demonstrate good agreement between the axial valley, the gravity anomaly low, and the central magnetic anomaly. Based on these observations, we speculate that the ridge axis in B4 has recently jumped to the south, from a ridge location closer to the center of the young normally magnetized crust, to that of the gravity anomaly low. The position of the gravity low essentially at the edge of normally magnetized crust requires a very recent (< 0.2 Ma) arrival of the ridge in this new location. Because this ridge jump is so young, it may be a promising location for future detailed studies of the dynamics, kinematics, and thermal effects of ridge jumps. C1 CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP MARKS, KM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,GEOSCI LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.1007/BF01227040 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA RP093 UT WOS:A1995RP09300002 ER PT J AU PEARCE, JB AF PEARCE, JB TI URBAN-DEVELOPMENT AND MARINE AND RIPARIAN HABITAT QUALITY SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP NOAA, WOODS HOLE, MA 02540 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 8 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00094-4 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RR110 UT WOS:A1995RR11000001 ER PT J AU CHANGNON, D NOEL, JJ MAZE, LH AF CHANGNON, D NOEL, JJ MAZE, LH TI DETERMINING CYCLONE FREQUENCIES USING EQUAL-AREA CIRCLES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; TRENDS; CYCLOGENESIS; HEMISPHERE AB This paper examines recent cyclone frequencies with a methodology that incorporates the use of 5 degrees latitude equal-area circles located in a grid for a region centered from 25 degrees to 70 degrees N and 60 degrees to 140 degrees W. Cyclones were counted in 82 equal-area circles for the period 1950-93 over North America. The grid of equal-area circles eliminated two related problems associated with conventional grid systems, area-inequality, and area-normalization, and allows for comparison of frequency counts among circles. An analysis of winter cyclones among four north-to-south circles on a meridian indicated latitudinal variability in year-to-year raw cyclone counts. Correlation coefficients developed from relating winter cyclone counts from one circle to another were less than +/-0.29, implying that the location of the axis of maximum winter cyclone frequency varies annually. Results revealed that winter and spring had the greatest number of cyclones and the southernmost position of the axis of maximum frequency. Summer and autumn had the smallest cyclone number and northernmost displacement of the axis of maximum frequency. The maximum frequency of cyclones extended eastward from the lee of the Rockies to the Great Lakes basin and off the Northeast coast. Temporal analyses identified that annual cyclone counts decreased from the early 1950s to the mid-1980s before reversing and increasing into the mid-1990s. Similar trends occurred in all four seasons and suggest that major shifts in the atmosphere's general circulation occur over multiple decades in all seasons. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CHANGNON, D (reprint author), NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT GEOG,DE KALB,IL 60115, USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 123 IS 8 BP 2285 EP 2294 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2285:DCFUEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK480 UT WOS:A1995RK48000002 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, MW AF DOUGLAS, MW TI THE SUMMERTIME LOW-LEVEL JET OVER THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; MONSOON AB Special pilot balloon and aircraft observations made during the 1990 Southwest Area Monsoon Project (SWAMP-90) are used to describe the structure of a low-level jet (LLJ) observed in the southerly flow over the Gulf of California and surroundings. Mean wind fields based on the 35 days of pilot balloon observations reveal an LLJ strongest over the northern Gulf of California, with southerly flow approximately parallel to the axis of the gulf The diurnal variation of the mean wind fields is also shown; there is upslope flow, away from the gulf, in the afternoon and downslope flow, toward the gulf, in the morning. Over land, the LLJ is strongest at Yuma, Arizona, where it shows a strong diurnal variation. Here the morning maximum wind speeds in the jet reach 20 m s(-1) and are strongest approximately 300-600 m above the surface. The low-level flow undergoes synoptic timescale fluctuations in intensity, but the jet is present at Yuma on about 75% of the mornings during SWAMP-90. SWAMP aircraft observations show the altitude of the maximum winds to be nearly constant over the Gulf of California (approximately 300 m above the surface), and the jet is present on days with widely varying synoptic flow regimes. RP DOUGLAS, MW (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 24 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 123 IS 8 BP 2334 EP 2347 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2334:TSLLJO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK480 UT WOS:A1995RK48000005 ER PT J AU BARNES, GM POWELL, MD AF BARNES, GM POWELL, MD TI EVOLUTION OF THE INFLOW BOUNDARY-LAYER OF HURRICANE GILBERT (1988) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL SQUALL LINE; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MESOSCALE; RAINBAND; ENTRAINMENT; CONVECTION AB On 12 September 1988 the two NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted an experiment in and around an intense, outer rainband located 175 km southeast of the center of Hurricane Gilbert. Radial-height cross sections along a constant azimuth reveal a rapid and an exceptionally large increase of the equivalent potential temperature theta(e) of the inflow but in a region radially outward from the rainband. Kinematic analyses that incorporate both in situ and pseudo-dual-Doppler data illustrate that the inflow is only 2 km deep and strongly divergent prior to reaching the convective core of the band. The Doppler-derived wind fields, which compare favorably with the in situ wind fields, demonstrate that there is a radially outward or return flow directly above the inflow. Soundings show that this return flow is unusually moist despite being dominated by mesoscale descent, which contrasts the dry conditions found under the anvil of virtually all tropical mesoscale convective systems. A one-dimensional general structure entrainment model of the inflow layer, initialized with a wind field derived from the pseudo-dual-Doppler analysis, demonstrates that the overlying return flow adds substantial energy to the inflow via entrainment. The placement of this high-theta(e) layer directly above the inflow is due to the circulation associated with the rainband. Low convective available potential energy, high shear of the radial wind, and a weak cold outflow at the surface are factors that help produce the shallow return flow. The analyses demonstrate that significant spatial variations of the flux divergence of heat and moisture exist in the inflow to a tropical cyclone, the variations are closely related to the secondary circulations produced by convectively active rainbands, and these variations produce significant asymmetries of theta(e) within the inflow. Rainbands of this type have thermodynamic characteristics similar to an eyewall and may be the type of rainband that evolves into a convective ring. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP BARNES, GM (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,2525 CORREA RD,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 123 IS 8 BP 2348 EP 2368 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2348:EOTIBL>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK480 UT WOS:A1995RK48000006 ER PT J AU CHEN, WY VANDENDOOL, HM AF CHEN, WY VANDENDOOL, HM TI FORECAST SKILL AND LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY IN NMC DERF90 EXPERIMENTS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; PREDICTION; MODEL AB A series of 90-day integrations by a low-resolution version (T40) of the National Meteorological Center's global spectral model was analyzed for its performance as well as its low-frequency variability behavior. In particular, 5-day mean 500-mb forecasts with leads up to 88 days were examined and compared with the observations. The forecast mean height decreased rapidly as forecast lead increased. A severe negative bias of the mean height in the Tropics was caused by a negative temperature bias and a drop of the surface pressure of about 2 mb. The forecast variance also dropped rapidly to a minimum of 75% of the atmospheric standard deviation before being stabilized at day 18. The model could not maintain large anomalous Bows from the atmospheric initial conditions. However, it is quite capable of generating and maintaining large anomalies after drifting to its own climatology and temporal variability. At extended ranges, the model showed better skill over the North Pacific than North Atlantic when the season advanced to the colder period of the DERF90 (dynamical extended-range forecasts 1990) experiments. The model also displayed dependence on circulation regimes, although the skill fluctuated widely from day to day in general. Blocking hows in the forecast were found to systematically retrogress to the Baffin Island area from the North Atlantic. Therefore, improvements of the model's systematic errors, including its drift, appear to be essential in order to achieve a higher level of forecast performance. However, no generalization can be made due to the usage of a low-resolution model and the experiments being carried out over a rather short time span, from only 3 May to 6 December 1990. RP NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR, PREDICT BRANCH,CTR CLIMATE ANAL, W-NMC51, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 123 IS 8 BP 2491 EP 2514 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2491:FSALFV>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK480 UT WOS:A1995RK48000014 ER PT J AU PAUWELS, J SCOTT, RD EYKENS, R ROBOUCH, P VANGESTEL, J VERDONCK, J GILLIAM, DM GREENE, G AF PAUWELS, J SCOTT, RD EYKENS, R ROBOUCH, P VANGESTEL, J VERDONCK, J GILLIAM, DM GREENE, G TI IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND AREAL CHARACTERIZATION OF B-10 AND (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Conference of the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL INDIANA UNIV BLOOMINGTON, BLOOMINGTON, IN SP Int Nucl Target Dev Soc HO INDIANA UNIV BLOOMINGTON ID NEUTRON LIFETIME AB The preparation and characterisation of a new series of B-10 and (LiF)-Li-6 reference deposits for accurate neutron fluence rate measurements are described and compared to those of an earlier campaign. Important improvements have been made by designing and building a new planetary rotating substrate holder and by using an optimized vacuum deposition set-up. Both deposition homogeneity and edge sharpness were significantly improved. However, a hitherto unrecognized source of border effect, i.e. mask expansion during the vacuum deposition process, was observed and discussed. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PAUWELS, J (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,JOINT RES CTR,INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 362 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00310-X PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA RL990 UT WOS:A1995RL99000019 ER PT J AU SCOTT, RD DHONDT, P EYKENS, R ROBOUCH, P REHER, DFG SIBBENS, G PAUWELS, J GILLIAM, DM AF SCOTT, RD DHONDT, P EYKENS, R ROBOUCH, P REHER, DFG SIBBENS, G PAUWELS, J GILLIAM, DM TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF B-10 AND (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS BY MEASUREMENT OF NEUTRON-INDUCED CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS - A 2ND CAMPAIGN SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Conference of the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL INDIANA UNIV BLOOMINGTON, BLOOMINGTON, IN SP Int Nucl Target Dev Soc HO INDIANA UNIV BLOOMINGTON AB This paper describes the determination of the relative masses or relative areal densities of two new sets of reference deposits, prior to destructive analysis of subsets of these deposits by isotope dilution mass spectrometry and nondestructive analyses by other means. This work is a repeat of a previous effort of about five years ago. The goal of the present work is to improve the accuracy of the results to the level of one part per thousand. Improvements were attempted in several aspects of the measurements. The most significant improvement was realized simply by the increase in the number of repetitions of each measurement. In addition, a more extensive and elaborate data acquisition system was used, and an additional run-to-run monitor was employed to avoid possible problems related to the dependence of the U-235 monitor on neutron temperature variations. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,JOINT RES CTR,INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. CEN SCK,STUDIECENTRUM KERNENERGIE,B-2400 MOL,BELGIUM. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 362 IS 1 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00239-1 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA RL990 UT WOS:A1995RL99000026 ER PT J AU KRISHNAN, S RAVIV, D AF KRISHNAN, S RAVIV, D TI 2D FEATURE TRACKING ALGORITHM FOR MOTION ANALYSIS SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article ID MONOCULAR IMAGE SEQUENCE; OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; INFORMATION AB In this paper, we describe a local-neighborhood pixel-based adaptive algorithm to track image features, both spatially and temporally, over a sequence of monocular images. The algorithm assumes no a priori knowledge about the image features to be tracked, or the relative motion between the camera and the three dimensional(3D) objects. The features to be tracked are selected by the algorithm and they correspond to the peaks of a 'correlation surface' constructed from a local neighborhood in the first image of the sequence to be analysed. Any kind of motion, i.e., 6 DOF (translation and rotation), can be tolerated keeping in mind the pixels-per-frame motion limitations. No subpixel computations being necessary. Taking into account constraints of temporal continuity, the algorithm uses simple and efficient predictive tracking over multiple frames. Trajectories of features on multiple objects can also be computed. The algorithm accepts a slow, continuous change of brightness D.C. level in the pixels of the feature. Another important aspect of the algorithm is the use of an adaptive feature matching threshold that accounts for change in relative brightness of neighboring pixels. As applications of the feature tracking algorithm, and to test the accuracy of the tracking, we show how the algorithm has been used to extract the Focus of Expansion (FOE) and to compute the time-to-contact using real image sequences of unstructured, unknown environments. In both applications information from multiple frames is used. C1 FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. NIST, DIV INTELLIGENT SYST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, CTR ROBOT, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 EI 1873-5142 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1103 EP 1126 DI 10.1016/0031-3203(95)00006-L PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA RN787 UT WOS:A1995RN78700001 ER PT J AU MOUDDEN, AH GEHRING, PM SHIRANE, G MATSUDA, M VASILIUDOLOC, L HENNION, B ENDOH, Y TANAKA, I KOJIMA, H AF MOUDDEN, AH GEHRING, PM SHIRANE, G MATSUDA, M VASILIUDOLOC, L HENNION, B ENDOH, Y TANAKA, I KOJIMA, H TI HIGH-ENERGY PHONON-DISPERSION IN LA1.85SR0.15CUO4 SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn AB We have measured two phonon-dispersion curves above 50 meV in a superconducting (T-c = 33 K) single crystal of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4. In the normal phase (T = 45 K), we show that the Lambda(1) mode compatible with the Raman A(1g) (425 cm(-1)) mode is weakly dispersive, falling from 53.7 meV at the zone center to about 51 meV at the zone boundary along the tetragonal (0, 0, xi) direction. For the Lambda(1) mode compatible with the infra-red A(2u) (480 cm(-1)) mode, we observe a significant dispersion of the phonon energy which drops monotonically from 60 to 56 meV. The global features of these dispersion curves are similar to those previously reported in studies of both pure and 10% Sr doped La2CuO4. However significant differences in the shape of the dispersion of the highest Lambda(1) branch is shown, as well as a significant softening with increasing carrier concentration. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. TOHOKU UNIV,AOBA KU,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. YAMANASHI UNIV,KOFU,YAMANASHI 400,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MOUDDEN, AH (reprint author), CENS,CEA,LLB,CNRS,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. RI Tanaka, Isao/D-1519-2012; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; OI Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00065-H PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700019 ER PT J AU FRICK, B WILLIAMS, J TREVINO, S ERWIN, R AF FRICK, B WILLIAMS, J TREVINO, S ERWIN, R TI VIBRATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE ETHYLBENZENE SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB Neutron triple-axis and time-of-flight experiments on ethylbenzene are presented. We have investigated selectively deuterated, amorphous and crystalline ethylbenzene in the frequency range up to 100 meV. Whereas vibrational excitations above 50 meV are not influenced by the local disorder, we find clear changes for the methyl group libration mode and other side-chain librations. The most pronounced feature is the presence of the Boson peak in the amorphous sample below 5 meV, which cannot be explained by a broadening of modes. C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US ARDIC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806. RP FRICK, B (reprint author), INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,BP 156X,AVE MARTYRS,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RI Frick, Bernhard/C-2756-2011 NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00194-E PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700156 ER PT J AU LIN, MY HANLEY, HJM SINHA, SK STRATY, GC PEIFFER, DG KIM, MW AF LIN, MY HANLEY, HJM SINHA, SK STRATY, GC PEIFFER, DG KIM, MW TI A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF WORM-LIKE MICELLES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID BIREFRINGENCE AB The structure of a cationic worm-like micelle at two concentrations, dilute and semi-dilute in aqueous solution, was studied by a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and light scattering. It is found that the shape of the micelles can be best described as a rod with a large aspect ratio. SANS data were determined for the systems under shear. For the semi-dilute solution, we observed that the scattering pattern became anisotropic, as expected. Anisotropy was observed in the dilute solution, but only after a threshold shear rate was exceeded. Details of the anisotropic patterns, moreover, depended on the micelle concentration. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP LIN, MY (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ROUTE 22 E,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA. RI Kim, Mahn Won/C-1541-2011 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00228-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700190 ER PT J AU TORIKAI, N MATSUSHITA, Y NODA, I KARIM, A SATIJA, SK HAN, CC AF TORIKAI, N MATSUSHITA, Y NODA, I KARIM, A SATIJA, SK HAN, CC TI STUDIES ON THE INTERFACES OF MICROPHASE-SEPARATED STRUCTURES OF BLOCK-COPOLYMERS BY NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER; STYRENE AB Segment distributions in lamellar microphase-separated structures of three partially deuterium-labeled poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine)s were investigated by neutron reflectivity measurement. By fitting the calculated reflectivity profiles to the experimental one, it was clarified that the lamellar microdomains preferentially oriented parallel to the film surface and that the thickness of the lamellar interface was about 35 Angstrom. Also, it was found that the segments in the vicinity of the chemical junction points between two blocks were localized strongly near the lamellar interface, while the segments on the free ends were localized at the center of the lamellar microdomains with fairly wide distribution. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TORIKAI, N (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT APPL CHEM,CHIKUSA KU,FURO CHO,NAGOYA,AICHI 46401,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 694 EP 696 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00252-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700214 ER PT J AU MAJKRZAK, CF AF MAJKRZAK, CF TI ADVANCES IN POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; FE LAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTION; MULTILAYERS; INTERFACE; FILMS; ORDER; BEAM; CR AB The use of polarized neutron scattering in determining the microscopic structures of magnetic thin-film superlattices of scientific and technological interest is briefly reviewed. In particular, the contribution which polarized-neutron reflectometry can make towards the understanding of the giant-magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, observed in some magnetic multilayer systems, is discussed in relation to current experimental and analysis capabilities. In addition, the development of a high-efficiency, supermirror transmission polarizer, an important instrumental component for such investigations, is described. RP MAJKRZAK, CF (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 904 EP 909 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00319-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700281 ER PT J AU MILDNER, DFR CHEN, H SHAROV, VA DOWNING, RG XIAO, QF AF MILDNER, DFR CHEN, H SHAROV, VA DOWNING, RG XIAO, QF TI GAIN FOR NEUTRON POLYCAPILLARY LENS AS A FUNCTION OF WAVELENGTH SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yamada Conference XXXXI/International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 94) CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn AB A focusing lens using glass polycapillary fibers has achieved a current density gain of 80 for a polychromatic beam from a cold-neutron guide. The intensity gain of a lens depends on both the wavelength and the divergence of the incoming beam, and a simulation is required to determine the trends in the gain as a function of wavelength. However, measurement has shown that the gain is relatively insensitive to wavelength. C1 XRAY OPT SYST INC,ALBANY,NY 12205. RP MILDNER, DFR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 1995 VL 213 BP 966 EP 968 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(95)00337-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RU407 UT WOS:A1995RU40700299 ER PT J AU ZHOU, HL WHITTEN, BL TRAIL, WK MORRISON, MA MACADAM, KB BARTSCHAT, K NORCROSS, DW AF ZHOU, HL WHITTEN, BL TRAIL, WK MORRISON, MA MACADAM, KB BARTSCHAT, K NORCROSS, DW TI LOW-ENERGY-ELECTRON COLLISIONS WITH SODIUM - SCATTERING OF SPIN-POLARIZED ELECTRONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERELASTIC SCATTERING; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ATOM COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION; ORIENTATION; IMPACT; ALIGNMENT; NA(3P) AB The electron-sodium system is a prototype of nonrelativistic electron scattering from a quasi-one-electron atomic target and is tractable both experimentally and theoretically. Recently, this system has been studied in a series of sophisticated measurements that together approach complete experiments for elastic (3s --> 3s) and inelastic (3s --> 3p) scattering. We apply here the theory of orientation and alignment (OA) in atomic collisions to this system using scattering matrices from coupled channel R-matrix calculations described in the first paper in this series [W. K. Trail et al., Phys. Rev. 49, 3620(1994)]. To facilitate the extension of OA theory to other transitions and systems and to clarify its relationship to canonical scattering theory, we present a reformulation in terms of the state spaces identified by a particular scattering event. Following the application of this formulation to paradigmatic OA experiments, we compare our results to those from existing measurements and other theoretical calculations. To contex-tualize these experiments and aid in identifying promising regions for future measurements, we also present a comprehensive three-dimensional overview of the calculated differential OA parameters for energies from threshold to 8.6 eV. C1 COLORADO COLL,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80903. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. DRAKE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,DES MOINES,IA 50311. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1152 EP 1177 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1152 PG 26 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RN561 UT WOS:A1995RN56100037 ER PT J AU DEUTSCH, IH SPREEUW, RJC ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD AF DEUTSCH, IH SPREEUW, RJC ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD TI PHOTONIC BAND-GAPS IN OPTICAL LATTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED MOTION; ATOMS; MOLASSES; FIELD AB We study photonic band gaps in a one-dimensional optical lattice of laser-cooled trapped atoms. We solve for the self-consistent equilibrium positions of the atoms, accounting for the backaction of the atoms on the trapping beams. This solution depends strongly on the sign of the trapping laser detuning. For red-detuned trapping lasers, the resulting lattice exhibits a one-dimensional photonic band gap for frequencies between the trapping laser frequency and the atomic resonance. For blue detuning the stop band extends symmetrically about resonance, typically for hundreds of atomic linewidths, except for the small region between atomic resonance and the lattice frequency, which is excluded. We calculate the reflection spectrum for a lattice of Cs atoms for various trapping laser detunings and interpret its behavior as a function of the lattice size and density. For a mean density of 10(11) cm(-3), and 1000 planes, 55% reflection of a weak probe beam should be observed. We also consider Bragg scattering in a three-dimensional optical lattice as a means of probing the long-range order in the atomic density correlation function. RP DEUTSCH, IH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 23 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1394 EP 1410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1394 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RN561 UT WOS:A1995RN56100060 ER PT J AU BREWCZYK, M RZAZEWSKI, K CLARK, CW AF BREWCZYK, M RZAZEWSKI, K CLARK, CW TI APPEARANCE INTENSITIES FOR MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS IN A STRONG LASER FIELD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION; THOMAS-FERMI; MU-M; IONIZATION; ATOMS; GASES AB We study multiple ionization of atoms by a strong laser field using a time-dependent approach based on the Thomas-Fermi model. The evolution of the electron density under the influence of a transient, linearly polarized radiation field is determined by numerical solution of hydrodynamic equations on a two-dimensional grid. We find a threshold ''appearance intensity'' for a given charge state, i.e., the laser intensity at which such a charge state first appears, which is in reasonable agreement with experimental results for high charge states. C1 POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZ TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. COLL SCI WARSAW,WARSAW,POLAND. US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DIV ELECTR & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BREWCZYK, M (reprint author), FILIA UNIV WARSZAWSKIEGO,ULICA LIPOWA 41,PL-15424 BIALYSTOK,POLAND. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Rzazewski, Kazimierz/G-4854-2011 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Rzazewski, Kazimierz/0000-0002-6082-3565 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1468 EP 1473 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1468 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RN561 UT WOS:A1995RN56100067 ER PT J AU BRAUN, RJ MURRAY, BT BOETTINGER, WJ MCFADDEN, GB AF BRAUN, RJ MURRAY, BT BOETTINGER, WJ MCFADDEN, GB TI LUBRICATION THEORY FOR REACTIVE SPREADING OF A THIN DROP SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLUID INTERFACE; HEAVY DROPLETS; LIQUID-DROPS; DYNAMICS; STABILITY; SURFACES; MOTION; FILMS AB Solder drops spreading on metallic substrates are a reactive form of the wetting problem. A metallic component may diffuse in the liquid toward a metal substrate, where it is consumed by a reaction that forms a solid intermetallic phase. The resulting spatial variation in the composition of the drop may cause composition gradients along the free surface of the drop. Together with any thermal gradients along the free surface, Marangoni effects may, in turn, modify the bulk transport in the spreading drop. Motivated by this situation, we extend lubrication theory for the spreading of thin drops in the presence of gravity and thermocapillarity to include mass transport and solutocapillarity. We use an approximate solute profile in the drop to derive coupled evolution equations for the free surface shape and concentration held. Numerical solutions for the nonreactive (single component) drop agree well with previous theory. In the reactive case, we are only able to compute results for parameters outside of the range for solder materials. Including reactive effects in the model impacts the flow patterns and spreading rates at relatively early times; but by the end of the spreading, solutal effects have died out in the model. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. RP BRAUN, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1797 EP 1810 DI 10.1063/1.868497 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA RL706 UT WOS:A1995RL70600001 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, WL KROPFLI, RA AF EBERHARD, WL KROPFLI, RA TI CLOUD MICROPHYSICS FROM THE GROUND UP SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter ID CIRRUS CLOUD RP EBERHARD, WL (reprint author), NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1995 VL 48 IS 8 BP 75 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.2808149 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RM751 UT WOS:A1995RM75100030 ER PT J AU LONDONO, C AF LONDONO, C TI WASHINGTON FROM THE INSIDE SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material RP LONDONO, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF STAND SERV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 8 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RP762 UT WOS:A1995RP76200035 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, FI SATAKE, K BOSS, EF MOFJELD, HO AF GONZALEZ, FI SATAKE, K BOSS, EF MOFJELD, HO TI EDGE WAVE AND NON-TRAPPED MODES OF THE 25 APRIL 1992 CAPE-MENDOCINO TSUNAMI SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TSUNAMI; EDGE WAVES; CAPE MENDOCINO; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; HAZARD MITIGATION ID EARTHQUAKES; GENERATION; SUBDUCTION AB The 25 April 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake generated a tsunami characterized by both coastal trapped edge wave and non-trapped tsunami modes that propagated north and south along the U.S. West Coast. Both observed and synthetic time series at Crescent City and North Spit are consistent with the zero-order edge wave mode solution for a semi-infinite sloping beach depth profile. Wave amplitudes at Crescent City were about twice that observed at North Spit, in spite of the fact that the source region was three times farther from Crescent City than North Spit. The largest observed amplitude was due to an edge wave which arrived almost three hours after the initial onset of the tsunami; since such waves are highly localized nearshore, this suggests that the enhanced responsiveness at Crescent City is at least partly due to local dynamic processes. Furthermore, the substantially delayed arrival of this wave, which was generated at the southern end of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, has significant implications for hazard mitigation efforts along the entire U.S. West Coast. Specifically, this study demonstrates that slow-moving but very energetic edge wave modes could be generated by future large tsunamigenic earthquakes in the CSZ, and that these might arrive unexpectedly at coastal communities several hours after the initial tsunami waves have subsided. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP GONZALEZ, FI (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 144 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 426 DI 10.1007/BF00874375 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RX790 UT WOS:A1995RX79000003 ER PT J AU JOSELYN, JA AF JOSELYN, JA TI GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY FORECASTING - THE STATE-OF-THE-ART SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENTS; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; DOPPLER SCINTILLATION; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; BZ EVENTS; 1 AU; WIND; DISTURBANCES AB Short-term (days to weeks) geomagnetic forecasts are valuable for a variety of public and private sector endeavors. However, forecast skill, as measured by the success of predicting geomagnetic indices, is disappointing, especially for disturbed conditions. Possible reasons for this lack of proficiency include an incomplete understanding of the solar origins of interplanetary disturbances, insufficient observations of solar phenomena and interplanetary disturbances, and an underestimation of magnetospheric-ionospheric control of observed geomagnetic activity. Until more progress can be made on each of these problems, desirable forecasting precision is likely to remain elusive. The best opportunity for improved service to those agencies requiring advance notice of geomagnetic disturbances is ''nowcasting'' using real-time, near-Earth observations of the approaching solar wind. RP NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 141 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 383 EP 401 DI 10.1029/95RG01304 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ301 UT WOS:A1995RJ30100004 ER PT J AU DAVIESJONES, R AF DAVIESJONES, R TI TORNADOES SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP DAVIESJONES, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 273 IS 2 BP 48 EP & PG 0 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RK103 UT WOS:A1995RK10300030 ER PT J AU SCAVIA, D WINOKUR, RS SCHMITTEN, RA AF SCAVIA, D WINOKUR, RS SCHMITTEN, RA TI NOAAS INNOVATIVE COASTAL REMOTE-SENSING PROGRAMS SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SATELLITE & INFORMAT SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,REG MARINE RES PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL SCI & TECHNOL COUNCIL,COMM ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP SCAVIA, D (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,COASTAL OCEAN OFF,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 27 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA RQ064 UT WOS:A1995RQ06400005 ER PT J AU VADUS, JR TAKAHASHI, PK HIRATA, GN AF VADUS, JR TAKAHASHI, PK HIRATA, GN TI COSU-95 - FOCUS ON JAPAN SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII NAT ENERGY INST,RENEWABLE ENERGY & OCEAN RESOURCES TECHNOL R&D UN,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP VADUS, JR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,COAST SURVEY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA RQ064 UT WOS:A1995RQ06400008 ER PT J AU NYGREN, HD AF NYGREN, HD TI UNTITLED SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP NYGREN, HD (reprint author), NOAA,VIENNA,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA RQ064 UT WOS:A1995RQ06400017 ER PT J AU WINCHESTER, MR SALIT, ML AF WINCHESTER, MR SALIT, ML TI DESIGN AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GLOW-DISCHARGE ATOMIC-EMISSION INSTRUMENT FOR MACROSCALE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION MAPPING OF SOLID-SURFACES SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; DIRECT SOLIDS ANALYSIS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION MAPPING; GLOW DISCHARGE; HADAMARD TRANSFORM SPATIAL IMAGING ID TRANSFORM AB An instrument intended for rapid, accurate, precise, macro-scale (i.e. up to many tens of square centimeters) elemental composition mapping of solid surfaces has been designed and constructed. The spatial resolution provided by the instrument, on the order of I mm at best, is coarse by today's standards but is appropriate for selected analytical problems. The instrument is based on a novel glow discharge atomic emission device capable of sustaining multiple discharges simultaneously. Each discharge exhibits atomic emission characteristic of the sample surface beneath it. Using Hadamard transform spatial imaging, the emissions are selectively multiplexed, and the individual emission intensities are recovered from the multiplexed data through matrix multiplication. In this publication, the instrument is described, and its performance for elemental composition mapping is demonstrated. The data indicate that internal standardization should be employed to reduce the likelihood of mapping errors. RP WINCHESTER, MR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1045 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(95)01317-8 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA TD777 UT WOS:A1995TD77700018 ER PT J AU CRONE, LJ CROSBY, DS AF CRONE, LJ CROSBY, DS TI STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS OF A METRIC ON SUBSPACES TO SATELLITE METEOROLOGY SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE BOOTSTRAP; MULTIVARIATE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; SAMPLING STABILITY AB In many large-dimensional multivariate problems, it is useful to reduce the number of variates. One method of reducing the number of dimensions is to project the original data onto a subspace. The statistical analysis is then carried out in this subspace. Principal-component regression is an example of such a technique. For these applications it is useful to have a measure of the distance between subspaces and to study the sampling stability of such subspaces. To solve these problems, we use a metric on subspaces and bootstrap techniques. The techniques are applied to seven-dimensional vectors of upwelling radiances from the current meteorological satellites. We study the subspaces spanned by the principal components based on a sample categorized by location and surface type. C1 AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. RP CRONE, LJ (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD AUG PY 1995 VL 37 IS 3 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.2307/1269916 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA RK826 UT WOS:A1995RK82600012 ER PT J AU TOTH, Z AF TOTH, Z TI DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CIRCULATION DATA SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; GENERALIZED DIMENSIONS; CLIMATE ATTRACTORS; HEIGHT FIELD; TIME-SERIES; PHASE-SPACE; WEATHER; PERSISTENCE; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS AB Estimates of the number of degrees of freedom (dof) of the 700 hPa Northern Hemisphere extratropical wintertime daily and time average circulation patterns are presented using two statistical methods. In the first method, it is assumed that the distribution of the mean square distances between the circulation patterns and the climate mean follows a chi(2) distribution. The number of dof of the best chi(2) fit to the empirical data is the most probable number of dof of the circulation data. The other, newly developed hyperspheres method compares the local density properties in the empirical data to density in independently and identically distributed (lid) normal distributions with different number of dof. The best fit, again, determines the most probable number of dof for the observed data. Though the hyperspheres method uses the smallest scales available in the data, just as the Grassberger-Procaccia method (GPM) and other ''local'' dimension estimation methods, it has distinct features. Most importantly, the GPM assumes that the empirical data is unbounded and distributed uniformly in the multivariate space. In contrast, the hyperspheres method, in accordance with many geophysical applications, assumes a bounded distribution in which density is a strong function of distance from the mean. Additionally, the hyperspheres method directly uses density information, that is neglected by GPM. The advantages of the hyperspheres method as compared to GPM are: (1) no systematic negative bias is present in the dof estimates; (2) the edge effect is eliminated; (3) no scaling is necessary. The results from the two methods overlap, thus indicating that at the 10% significance level the number of dof of the daily circulation data set is 24. This result pertains to a finite dataset in which the definitional requirement for dynamical dimension that the scales measured go to zero is nor satisfied. We interpret our dof results as the dimension of a hypothetical subset of the atmospheric circulation that governs the large scale motions. Since the database of this study covers only part of the global atmosphere, the dimension of the whole atmosphere would be larger than our estimate. Our qualitative dimension estimate for the global circulation (60-90) refers to the minimum number of independent variables needed to model the large scale, low frequency variability of the atmosphere. In the present study grid point values served to describe the dynamical system of the atmosphere (spatial embedding, instead of time-delay or temporal embedding.) An argument is made that due to weak coupling between remote processes, estimates with temporal embedding measure only the dimension of a regional subset of the large-scale global circulation. C1 NOAA,NMC,DIV DEV,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746. RP TOTH, Z (reprint author), GEN SCI CORP,LAUREL,MD 20707, USA. RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 47 IS 4 BP 457 EP 472 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.t01-3-00005.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA RH742 UT WOS:A1995RH74200005 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ AF WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ TI ENERGY-FILTERING AND COMPOSITION-SENSITIVE IMAGING IN SURFACE AND INTERFACE STUDIES USING HREM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; IMAGES AB Energy-filtered high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) is an important technique for quantitative structural determination. In this paper, some fundamental quantities in applying energy-selected HREM in surface and interface studies are considered. The inelastic absorption function in zero-loss energy-selected HREM profile images of the MgO(100) surface is measured. The inelastic scattering mean-free-path length of MgO at 300 kV is determined as Lambda approximate to 181 nm for [110] zone-axis diffraction condition with an objective aperture of semi-collection angle 1 Angstrom(-1). High-resolution chemical-sensitive imaging using core-shell loss electrons in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is also demonstrated in studies on Al/Ti multilayer thin films. A spatial resolution of similar to 0.4 nm has been obtained. It has been shown that the spatial resolution of energy-selected ionization edge electron images is dominated by the signal-to-noise ratio; the signal localization, as long as it comes from inner-shell excitation, has little effect. Thus, for a general element, the use of low loss ionization edges rather than higher loss ionization edges is recommended for forming chemical images. But caution must be exercised in the subtraction of background due to the influence of multiple plasmon peaks. Composition-sensitive imaging using plasmon-loss electrons is also feasible, and a spatial resolution better than 1.0 nm has been obtained. These results are interpreted using the calculations of the dielectric response theory for interface excitation. Lattice images formed by plasmon-loss and multiple plasmon-loss electrons are also illustrated. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 115 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0304-3991(95)00042-Y PG 21 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA TG595 UT WOS:A1995TG59500014 ER PT J AU MCCURLEY, MF GLAZIER, SA AF MCCURLEY, MF GLAZIER, SA TI OPTICAL CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF SUCROSE TO GLUCOSE BY BACTERIORHODOPSIN INCORPORATED INTO SELF-ASSEMBLED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ENZYMATIC METHODS; VESICLES; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; INVERTASE ID PHOTOCYCLE AB This report describes an alternative method to modulate enzyme activity optically through pH modulation. Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is used to regulate the activity of an enzyme which it does not naturally regulate. In this study BR controlled the pH-dependent conversion of sucrose to glucose by the enzyme, invertase. BR is oriented in the wall of phosphatidylcholine vesicles so that at pH values greater than 4-5 it pumps protons into the vesicles and at pH values less than 4 it pumps protons out of the vesicle when illuminated with light of the proper wavelength. The bulk-solution pH correspondingly changes as a result. At an initial pH of 5.57 the change in pH of the solution due to pumping by the bacteriorhodopsin-vesicle complex was 0.17 pH units. To study this effect on the enzyme, samples containing BR vesicles and invertase were assayed for enzyme activity under dark and illuminated conditions. It was found that changes in enzyme activity, upon illumination, were generally larger than predicted for the corresponding changes in the bulk solution pH generated by the BR vesicles. RP MCCURLEY, MF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 31 PY 1995 VL 311 IS 2 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00205-E PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RM013 UT WOS:A1995RM01300010 ER PT J AU KUZNETSOV, IA SEREBROV, AP STEPANENKO, IV ALDUSCHENKOV, AV LASAKOV, MS KOKIN, AA MOSTOVOI, YA YEROZOLIMSKY, BG DEWEY, MS AF KUZNETSOV, IA SEREBROV, AP STEPANENKO, IV ALDUSCHENKOV, AV LASAKOV, MS KOKIN, AA MOSTOVOI, YA YEROZOLIMSKY, BG DEWEY, MS TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE ANTINEUTRINO SPIN ASYMMETRY IN BETA-DECAY OF THE NEUTRON AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE MASS OF A RIGHT-HANDED GAUGE BOSON SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENTS; SEARCH AB We report a new measurement of the neutron antineutrino spin asymmetry coefficient B in the beta decay of polarized neutrons. Combining results of measurements of the observed asymmetry PB = 0.6617 +/- 0.0044 with measurements of the neutron beam polarization P = (66.88 +/- 0.22)%, we obtain the value B = 0.9894 +/- 0.0083. This value implies that the mass of a hypothetical right-handed charged gauge boson in the left-right symmetric model of the weak interaction is greater than 281 GeV/c(2) (90% C.L.). This is in agreement with restrictions from muon decay and direct searches for an additional vector boson W'. C1 IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,MOSCOW 123182,RUSSIA. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KUZNETSOV, IA (reprint author), PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST,GATCHINA 188350,RUSSIA. RI Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014 OI Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X NR 11 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 5 BP 794 EP 797 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.794 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RL707 UT WOS:A1995RL70700006 ER PT J AU WIESLER, DG SUZUKI, M SUZUKI, IS ROSOV, N AF WIESLER, DG SUZUKI, M SUZUKI, IS ROSOV, N TI DETERMINATION OF ANOMALOUS SUPEREXCHANGE IN MNCL2 AND ITS GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUND SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MNCL2-GRAPHITE AB The low-temperature magnetic structure of MnCl2 graphite intercalation compound has been studied by neutron diffraction. Magnetic peaks occur at wave vectors incommensurate with the MnCl2 and graphene sublattices. The in-plane spin configuration is explained by an exchange Hamiltonian that includes three shells of nearest neighbors in the plane. The nearest-neighbor exchange is ferromagnetic but anomalously weak, and the magnetic behavior is dominated instead by the antiferromagnetic third-neighbor interaction. The exchange parameters are used to explain the spin configuration of bulk MnCl2 after adding an interplanar coupling. C1 SUNY BINGHAMTON,DEPT PHYS,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WIESLER, DG (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 5 BP 942 EP 945 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.942 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RL707 UT WOS:A1995RL70700043 ER PT J AU TOYOKUNI, S MORI, T HIAI, H DIZDAROGLU, M AF TOYOKUNI, S MORI, T HIAI, H DIZDAROGLU, M TI TREATMENT OF WISTAR RATS WITH A RENAL CARCINOGEN, FERRIC NITRILOTRIACETATE, CAUSES DNA-PROTEIN CROSS-LINKING BETWEEN THYMINE AND TYROSINE IN THEIR RENAL CHROMATIN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CELL CARCINOMA; DAMAGE; RADIATION; NEPHROTOXICITY; NUCLEOHISTONE; BASES; IRON AB Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induces renal proximal tubular damage associated with lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA base modifications that finally leads to a high incidence of renal adenocarcinoma in rodents. In the present study, we report on the in vivo formation of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) involving thymine and tyrosine in the renal chromatin of Wistar rats treated with single or repeated i.p. administration of Fe-NTA. Analyses of chromatin samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in the amount of 3-[(1,3-dihydro-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)-methyl]-L-tyrosine (Thy-Tyr cross-link) 24 and 48 hr after the administration of Fe-NTA. At 19th day of Fe-NTA treatment, the amount of Thy-Tyr cross-link decreased to the control level, indicating the presence of cellular repair activity. Thy-Tyr cross-link may play a role in the genetic alteration of this renal carcinogenesis model, since mitoses for regeneration of renal proximal tubules were closely associated with the increase in DPCs. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,ADV SCI & TECHNOL RES INST,DIV RADIAT CHEM,SAKAI,OSAKA 593,JAPAN. NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TOYOKUNI, S (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT PATHOL,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RI Toyokuni, Shinya/C-1358-2010 OI Toyokuni, Shinya/0000-0002-5757-1109 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 28 PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910620313 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RM519 UT WOS:A1995RM51900012 PM 7628872 ER PT J AU FLEISCHMANN, RD ADAMS, MD WHITE, O CLAYTON, RA KIRKNESS, EF KERLAVAGE, AR BULT, CJ TOMB, JF DOUGHERTY, BA MERRICK, JM MCKENNEY, K SUTTON, G FITZHUGH, W FIELDS, C GOCAYNE, JD SCOTT, J SHIRLEY, R LIU, LI GLODEK, A KELLEY, JM WEIDMAN, JF PHILLIPS, CA SPRIGGS, T HEDBLOM, E COTTON, MD UTTERBACK, TR HANNA, MC NGUYEN, DT SAUDEK, DM BRANDON, RC FINE, LD FRITCHMAN, JL FUHRMANN, JL GEOGHAGEN, NSM GNEHM, CL MCDONALD, LA SMALL, KV FRASER, CM SMITH, HO VENTER, JC AF FLEISCHMANN, RD ADAMS, MD WHITE, O CLAYTON, RA KIRKNESS, EF KERLAVAGE, AR BULT, CJ TOMB, JF DOUGHERTY, BA MERRICK, JM MCKENNEY, K SUTTON, G FITZHUGH, W FIELDS, C GOCAYNE, JD SCOTT, J SHIRLEY, R LIU, LI GLODEK, A KELLEY, JM WEIDMAN, JF PHILLIPS, CA SPRIGGS, T HEDBLOM, E COTTON, MD UTTERBACK, TR HANNA, MC NGUYEN, DT SAUDEK, DM BRANDON, RC FINE, LD FRITCHMAN, JL FUHRMANN, JL GEOGHAGEN, NSM GNEHM, CL MCDONALD, LA SMALL, KV FRASER, CM SMITH, HO VENTER, JC TI WHOLE-GENOME RANDOM SEQUENCING AND ASSEMBLY OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE RD SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENOME; HEMOPHILUS TRANSFORMATION; DNA-SEQUENCE; GENE; PROTEIN; ORGANIZATION; PROJECT; RECOGNITION; COMPETENCE; COMPUTER AB An approach for genome analysis based on sequencing and assembly of unselected pieces of DNA from the whole chromosome has been applied to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence (1,830,137 base pairs) of the genome from the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae Rd. This approach eliminates the need for initial mapping efforts and is therefore applicable to the vast array of microbial species for which genome maps are unavailable. The H. influenzae Rd genome sequence (Genome Sequence DataBase accession number L42023) represents the only complete genome sequence from a free-living organism. C1 INST GENOM RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT MICROBIOL,BUFFALO,NY 14214. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. OI Fields, Chris/0000-0002-4812-0744; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428 NR 57 TC 3901 Z9 5681 U1 19 U2 204 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 28 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5223 BP 496 EP 512 DI 10.1126/science.7542800 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RL495 UT WOS:A1995RL49500017 PM 7542800 ER PT J AU LASZLO, B KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF LASZLO, B KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS, KINETICS OF FORMATION, AND SELF-REACTION OF THE IO RADICAL PRODUCED VIA THE LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF N2O/I-2/N-2 MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IODINE; BRO; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; CLO AB The laser photolytic production of the IO radical from N2O/I-2/N-2 mixtures was used to measure the radical absorption spectrum from 340 to 450 nm. Two new absorption peaks at 403 and 411 nm were observed along with an underlying continuum starting at about 420 nm and extending to about 350 nm. An absorption cross section of (2.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(-17) cm(2), in good agreement with previous measurements, was determined for the (4-0) band head at 427.2 nm. From the rate of formation of IO and the rate of loss of I-2, rate constants for the reactions O + I-2 --> IO + I and O + IO --> O-2 + I of (1.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) and (1.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, were derived. Finally, from the rate of decay of IO, a rate constant for the reaction IO + IO --> products of (8.0 +/- 1.8) x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) was obtained. All of the uncertainties expressed are 2 standard deviations derived from the statistical analysis and do not include estimates for possible systematic errors. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 30 BP 11701 EP 11707 DI 10.1021/j100030a013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RL783 UT WOS:A1995RL78300013 ER PT J AU MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW ELSHALL, MS DALY, GM AF MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW ELSHALL, MS DALY, GM TI COMPARATIVE POLYMERIZATION IN THE GAS-PHASE AND IN CLUSTERS .1. COVALENT DIMER FORMATION AND ENTROPY BARRIERS TO POLYMERIZATION IN ISOBUTENE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION; VANDERWAALS CLUSTERS; IONIZATION AB This work presents kinetic and thermochemical data for ionic polymerization in the gas phase, and the following paper bridges toward the condensed phase by cluster measurements. Gas-phase measurements by pulsed high-pressure mass spectrometry involving reactions in the radical and protonated ion branches in isobutene lead to the following observations. (1) i-C4H8.+ + i-C4H8 --> t-C4H9+ is fast (k = 0.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1)) from 250 to 625 K, but the competing condensation to form C8H16.+ decreases with increasing temperature (k(250) = 1.4 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1), k(497) = 0.2 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1)). The distinct behavior suggests two collision types, leading to direct reaction or complex formation. (2) The product C8H16.+ is identified as a covalent adduct with a dissociation energy > 132 kT/mol (32 kcal/mol), and bracketing experiments confirm it as an octene ion corresponding to an IP of 8.55 +/- 0.15 eV. (3) The adduct undergoes H-2 transfer to i-C4H8 and the rate coefficient has a large negative temperature coefficient of T--4.3. The product is unreactive toward further polymerization. (4) In the protonated (carbonium ion) branch, consecutive association reactions have decreasing rate coefficients. (5) The first step in the protonated branch, forming C8H17+, is reversible and the thermochemistry [Delta H degrees = -95.8 kJ/mol (-22.9 kcal/mol), Delta S degrees = -136.8 J/(mol K) (-32.7 cal/(mol K))] is consistent with the formation of a tertiary carbonium ion. The thermochemistry of the second step exhibits an unusually large negative entropy change [Delta H degrees = -101.3 kJ/mol (-24.2 kcal/mol), Delta S degrees = -203.7 J/(mol K) (-48.7 cal/(mol K))] and a rate coefficient with a very large negative temperature coefficient (T-12 to T-16). Both observations suggest a highly constrained product, whose formation constitutes an entropy barrier to the polymerization sequence. (6) A novel H-2 transfer reaction, from the carbonium ion C8H17+ to i-C4H8, is observed, and the rate coefficient has a negative temperature coefficient. The results suggest that ionic polymerization reactions that involve steric entropy barriers will be slow under flame conditions but fast at low interstellar temperatures. The temperature coefficients explain the need for using low temperatures in the industrial polymerization of isobutene. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RICHMOND,VA 23284. RP MEOTNER, M (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI El-Shall, M. Samy/K-8954-2012 OI El-Shall, M. Samy/0000-0002-1013-4948 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 29 BP 7737 EP 7743 DI 10.1021/ja00134a018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RL759 UT WOS:A1995RL75900018 ER PT J AU EISENSTEIN, E YU, HD FISHER, KE IACUZIO, DA DUCOTE, KR SCHWARZ, FP AF EISENSTEIN, E YU, HD FISHER, KE IACUZIO, DA DUCOTE, KR SCHWARZ, FP TI AN EXPANDED 2-STATE MODEL ACCOUNTS FOR HOMOTROPIC COOPERATIVITY IN BIOSYNTHETIC THREONINE DEAMINASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; ASPARTATE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE; PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE; SERINE DEHYDRATASE; BINDING; PURIFICATION; ENZYME; SITE; SEQUENCES; SYNTHASE AB The linkage between substrate and regulatory effector binding to separate sites on allosteric enzymes results in shifts in their sigmoidal kinetics to regulate metabolism, Control of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli occurs in part through shifts in the sigmoidal dependence of alpha-ketobutyrate production promoted by isoleucine and valine binding to biosynthetic threonine deaminase. The structural similarity of threonine, valine, and isoleucine have given rise to suggestions that there may be competition among different ligands for the same sites on this tetrameric enzyme, resulting in a complex pattern of regulation. In an effort to provide a coherent interpretation of the cooperative association of ligands to the active sites and to the effector sites of threonine deaminase, binding studies using single amino acid variants were undertaken, A previously-isolated, feedback-resistant mutant identified in Salmonella typhimurium, ilvA219, has been cloned and sequenced, The phenotype is attributable to a single amino acid substitution in the regulatory domain of the enzyme in which leucine at position 447 is substituted with phenylalanine, The mutant exhibits hyperbolic saturation curves in both ligand binding and steady-state kinetics. These results, in addition to calorimetric and spectroscopic measurements of isoleucine and valine binding, indicate that the low affinity (T) state is destabilized in the mutant and that it exists predominantly in the high affinity (R) conformation in the absence of ligands, providing an explanation for its resistance to isoleucine. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses of another mutant, in which alanine has replaced an essential lysine at position 62 that forms a Schiff base with pyridoxal phosphate, indicate that the cofactor is complexed to exogenous threonine and is therefore unable to bind additional amino acids at the active sites. Isoleucine and valine binding to this inactive, active site-saturated enzyme revealed that it too was stabilized in the R state, yielding binding constants in excellent agreement with the leucine to phenylalanine mutant, The lysine to alanine mutant was further utilized to demonstrate that both threonine and 2-aminobutyrate bind with stronger affinity to the regulatory sites than to the active sites, A direct consequence of these results is that substrates and analogs have a synergistic effect on the allosteric transition since, in effect, they act as both homotropic and heterotropic effecters. When these coupled equilibria are considered in an expanded two-state model, good agreement was obtained for the allosteric parameters determined from homotropic and heterotropic ligand binding, and furthermore, they provide an estimate of 4.3 kcal/mol for the average energetic difference between the T and R conformations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. RP EISENSTEIN, E (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,INST BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 25 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 29 BP 9403 EP 9412 DI 10.1021/bi00029a016 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RL610 UT WOS:A1995RL61000016 PM 7626610 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB AF OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB TI EFFECT OF ELECTRODE MATERIAL ON MEASURED ION ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS IN RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGES; PLASMA; MASS AB Evidence is presented for a significant influence of electrode surface material and condition on the measurement of the kinetic energies of ions sampled from discharges through an orifice in the electrode. Significant differences in ion energy shifts and/or discrimination of low-energy ions are found using aluminum and stainless-steel electrodes in a radio-frequency (rf) discharge cell. It is argued that the observed differences in energy shifts may be attributable in part to differences in charging of oxide layers on the electrode surface around the sampling orifice. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 473 EP 475 DI 10.1063/1.114540 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RK699 UT WOS:A1995RK69900009 ER PT J AU ARONSON, MC OSBORN, R ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW CHAU, R SEAMAN, CL MAPLE, MB AF ARONSON, MC OSBORN, R ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW CHAU, R SEAMAN, CL MAPLE, MB TI NON-FERMI-LIQUID SCALING OF THE MAGNETIC RESPONSE IN UCU5-XPDX (X=1,1.5) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; LATTICE; SYSTEMS; POINTS; STATE; UCU5 AB We have determined the magnetic response S(omega) of UCu5-xPdx (x = 1, 1.5) for temperatures T ranging from 12 to 300 K and energy transfers omega from 0.5 to 200 meV. S(omega) is virtually identical in the two compounds, displaying localized moment dynamics for omega greater than or similar to 25 meV. For omega < 25 meV, temperature provides the only energy scale for the magnetic excitations with the dynamical susceptibility described by a universal scaling function chi''(omega,T) similar to omega-(1/3)Z(omega/T). We argue that S(omega) represents critical scattering associated with a T=0 phase transition, whose origin lies with the magnetic screening of individual uranium ions. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP ARONSON, MC (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,HARRISON M RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 36 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 4 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.725 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RK690 UT WOS:A1995RK69000033 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD AF IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD TI SPECTROSCOPY OF THE FLUOROMETHYLENE RADICALS HCF AND DCF BY 2+1 RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY AND BY AB-INITIO CALCULATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SINGLET-TRIPLET SEPARATIONS; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; HALOCARBENES CHF; STATES; LUMINESCENCE; ASSIGNMENTS; ENERGETICS; GEOMETRIES AB Spectra of fluoromethylene radicals, HCF and DCF, have been observed between 304 and 325 nm using mass-resolved, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Singlet HCF is generated by sequential reactions of atomic fluorine in either methane or methyl fluoride. The spectra arise from two-photon resonances between the ground state X ($) over tilde (1)A' and the previously unobserved E ($) over tilde (1)A' (3p) Rydberg state. The band origins lie at T-0 = 62154+/-2 cm(-1) (321.69+/-0.01 nm) and T-0 = 62175+/-2 cm(-1) (321.58+/-0.01 nm) (2 sigma) above the ground states for HCF and DCF, respectively. Vibrational resolution and partial rotational resolution are obtained, with v(2)' = 1128 +/- 4 cm(-1) and v(3)' = 1614 +/- 4 cm(-1) for HCF and v(1)' = 2095 +/- 5 cm(-1), v(2)' 872 +/- 3 cm(-1), and v(3)' = 1582 +/- 4 cm(-1) for DCF (2 sigma). Under typical experimental conditions, the strongest peak for HCF is due to the 2(0)(1)3(0)(1) resonance at 308.23+/-0.04 nm and the strongest peak for DCF is due to the 2(0)(2) resonance at 312.85+/-0.01 nm. The results of vibrational and rotational analyses are consistent with predictions from ab initio calculations, which also yield the adiabatic ionization potential IPa=10.06+/-0.05 eV (2 sigma). RP IRIKURA, KK (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1063/1.469807 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RK378 UT WOS:A1995RK37800008 ER PT J AU EMENHISER, C SANDER, LC SCHWARTZ, SJ AF EMENHISER, C SANDER, LC SCHWARTZ, SJ TI CAPABILITY OF A POLYMERIC C-30 STATIONARY-PHASE TO RESOLVE CIS-TRANS CAROTENOID ISOMERS IN REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN PLASMA; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; HPLC SEPARATION; SINGLET OXYGEN; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIGURATIONS; SELECTIVITY; VEGETABLES AB A novel polymeric C-30 stationary phase was tested for its ability to separate geometric isomers of six common carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene) prepared by photoisomerization of all-trans standards. Resolution and tentative identification of asymmetrical carotenoid isomers yielded the 13-cis, 13'-cis, all-trans, 9-cis, and 9'-cis isomers of both lutein and ct-carotene, and the 15-cis, 13-cis/3'-cis, all-trans, 9-cis, and 9'-cis isomers of beta-cryptoxanthin. Among symmetrical carotenoids, the 15-cis, 13-cis, all-trans, and 9-cis isomers of both zeaxanthin and beta-carotene were resolved and tentatively identified, and nineteen geometric isomers of lycopene were separated. Separations were carried out using Vydac 201TP54 and Suplex pkb-100 stationary phases for comparison; in all cases, the C-30 stationary phase gave superior resolution and produced unique separations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Schwartz, Steven/0000-0002-1427-5780 NR 40 TC 150 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 21 PY 1995 VL 707 IS 2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00336-L PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RM897 UT WOS:A1995RM89700009 ER PT J AU DORREN, JD GUDEL, M GUINAN, EF AF DORREN, JD GUDEL, M GUINAN, EF TI X-RAY-EMISSION FROM THE SUN IN ITS YOUTH AND OLD-AGE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (HD 129333, BETA HYDRI); SUN, EVOLUTION; SUN, X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; DISTANT FUTURE; BETA-HYDRI; TRANSITION-REGION; EINSTEIN; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB We have obtained ROSAT PSPC pointed observations of two nearby G stars of ages 70 Myr and 9 1/2 Gyr that are of unique importance as proxies for the Sun at the two extremes of its main-sequence evolutionary lifetime. The younger star, HD 129333 (EK Dra; G0 V), a rapid rotator with a 2.7 day period, is a strong source with an X-ray luminosity L(X)(0.2-2.4 keV) = (7.5-11.5) x 10(29) erg s(-1). Modeling suggests a two-temperature corona with T-1 = (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) K and T-2 = (9.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) K (formal uncertainties). A continuous emission measure distribution, increasing to higher temperatures and with a cutoff at (20-30) x 10(6) K, yields even better fits to the data. The old star, beta Hyi (HR 98; G2 IV), represents the Sun in the future, near the end of its hydrogen-core burning stage, when it should be rotating more slowly (present P-rot = 25.4 day) and should have lower levels of activity. The ROSAT measurements yield L(X) = (0.9-3.0) x 10(27) ergs s(-1) and a rather cool, single coronal temperature of T = (1.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) K. For comparison, the Sun has L(X) approximate to 2 x 10(27) ergs s(-1) and a coronal temperature of about T = 2 x 10(6) K. These stars provide information on the decline of the stellar (and specifically solar) magnetic activity from extreme youth to old age. HD 129333 is also important in that it yields an estimate of the solar soft X-ray flux in the early solar system at the epoch of the terminal stages of planetary accretion. C1 PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. VILLANOVA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. UNIV PENN,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 448 IS 1 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1086/175973 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RJ489 UT WOS:A1995RJ48900038 ER PT J AU RAO, CRN CHEN, J AF RAO, CRN CHEN, J TI INTERSATELLITE CALIBRATION LINKAGES FOR THE VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFARED CHANNELS OF THE ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER ON THE NOAA-7, NOAA-9, AND NOAA-11 SPACECRAFT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AVHRR; ISCCP AB The post-launch degradation of the visible (channel 1: approximate to 0.58-0.68 mu m) and near-infrared (channel 2: approximate to 0.72-1.1 mu m) channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (FOES) was estimated using the south-eastern part of the Libyan desert as a radiometrically stable calibration target. The relative annual degradation rates, in per cent, for the two channels are, respectively: 3.6 and 4.3 (NOAA-7); 5.9 and 3.5 (NOAA-9); and 1.2 and 2.0 (NOAA-11). Using the relative degradation rates thus determined, in conjunction with absolute calibrations based on congruent path aircraft/satellite radiance measurements over White Sands, New Mexico (U.S.A.), the variation in time of the absolute gain or 'slope' of the AVHRR on NOAA-9 was evaluated. Inter-satellite calibration linkages were established, using the AVHRR on NOAA-9 as a normalization standard. Formulae for the calculation of calibrated radiances and albedos (AVHRR usage), based on these interlinkages, are given for the three AVHRRs. C1 SM SYST & RES CORP,BOWIE,MD 20716. RP RAO, CRN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 22 TC 216 Z9 222 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1931 EP 1942 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RP225 UT WOS:A1995RP22500002 ER PT J AU VOMEL, H OLTMANS, SJ HOFMANN, DJ DESHLER, T ROSEN, JM AF VOMEL, H OLTMANS, SJ HOFMANN, DJ DESHLER, T ROSEN, JM TI THE EVOLUTION OF THE DEHYDRATION IN THE ANTARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC VORTEX SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; OZONE AB In 1994 an intensive program of balloon-borne frost point measurements was performed at McMurdo, Antarctica, During this program a total of 19 frost point soundings was obtained between February 7 and October 5, which cover a wide range of undisturbed through strongly dehydrated situations, Together with several soundings from South Pole station between 1990 and 1994, they give a comprehensive picture of the general development of the dehydration in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex, The period of dehydration typically starts around the middle of June, and a rapid formation of large particles leads to a fast dehydration of the vortex. The evaporation of falling particles leads to rehydration layers, which have significantly higher water vapor concentrations than the undisturbed stratosphere, Through the formation of these rehydration layers in the early stages of the dehydration we can estimate a particle fall speed of 1/3 km/d and thus a mean particle size of 4 mu m. Ice saturation was observed over McMurdo in only two cases and only well after the onset of the dehydration. From the inspection of synoptic maps it then follows that a small cold region inside the vortex seems to be sufficient to dehydrate the entire vortex. Above 20 km the dehydration is completed by the end of July, From the descent of the upper dehydration edge we can estimate a mean descent rate inside the vortex of 1.5 km/month. In McMurdo we observed occasional penetration of the vortex edge in cases where the vortex edge was close to McMurdo, however, these cases seem to have little effect on the bulk of the vortex, A sounding from November 3, 1990, at South Pole shows that the dehydration may persist into November and indicates that there is no significant transport into the vortex throughout winter and early spring. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV WYOMING, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. UNIV WYOMING, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. RP VOMEL, H (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D7 BP 13919 EP 13926 DI 10.1029/95JD01000 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK570 UT WOS:A1995RK57000010 ER PT J AU TALUKDAR, RK BURKHOLDER, JB SCHMOLTNER, AM ROBERTS, JM WILSON, RR RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TALUKDAR, RK BURKHOLDER, JB SCHMOLTNER, AM ROBERTS, JM WILSON, RR RAVISHANKARA, AR TI INVESTIGATION OF THE LOSS PROCESSES FOR PEROXYACETYL NITRATE IN THE ATMOSPHERE - UV PHOTOLYSIS AND REACTION WITH OH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; METHYL NITRATE; CHEMISTRY; PAN; KINETICS; NITROGEN; RADICALS AB The UV absorption cross sections of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), CH3C(O)O2NO2, have been measured as a function of temperature (298, 273, and 250 K) between 195 and 345 Mn using a diode array spectrometer. The absorption cross sections decrease monotonically with increasing wavelength. The cross sections also decrease as the temperature is lowered. Upper limits for the rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with PAN at atmospheric temperatures were determined to be < 3 x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) using the pulsed photolysis laser induced fluorescence technique. Photolysis becomes the most important atmospheric loss process for PAN above similar to 7 km, and the OH reaction is found to be unimportant throughout the troposphere. These results are compared with previous measurements, and the significance of the revised values on the atmospheric loss rates of PAN is discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP TALUKDAR, RK (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, REAL2, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 29 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D7 BP 14163 EP 14173 DI 10.1029/95JD00545 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK570 UT WOS:A1995RK57000030 ER PT J AU KRAUSS, M OSMAN, R AF KRAUSS, M OSMAN, R TI ABSORPTION-SPECTRA OF ETHYNYL, ETHENYL, AND PHENYL PEROXYL RADICALS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB Both the ethenyl and phenyl peroxyl radical absorb in the visible region in aqueous solution. Since the absorption spectra of alkyl peroxyl radicals is invariably in the ultraviolet, these observations were initially surprising. Ab initio determination of the electronic structure of the ground and excited states of the ethynyl, ethenyl, and phenyl peroxyl radicals provides a fundamental understanding of these electronic transitions. The electronic excited states of these radicals are low in energy because the pi-type open-shell orbital localized on the oxygen atoms in the ground state couples to a relatively low-energy pi or conjugated orbital system in the excited state. In the case of both the ethynyl and phenyl peroxyl radicals, the excitation of the C-C bond pi orbital is relatively high in energy, and the in vacuo prediction for the absorption is far to the blue of the transition observed in solution. Large spectral red shifts are predicted, however, because all the radicals are polar in the ground state, and the dipole moment, in the relevant excited state is substantially larger. In addition, for the ethenyl peroxyl radical there are two isomeric forms whose ground states are close in energy, and the observed spectrum can be assigned to the convoluted spectra of both isomers. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP KRAUSS, M (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 29 BP 11387 EP 11391 DI 10.1021/j100029a014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RK550 UT WOS:A1995RK55000014 ER PT J AU KHAIKIN, GI ALFASSI, ZB NETA, P AF KHAIKIN, GI ALFASSI, ZB NETA, P TI FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF HALOGENATED PHENYLPEROXYL RADICALS IN AQUEOUS ALCOHOL-SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; PEROXYL RADICALS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; ORGANIC REDUCTANTS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; REDUCTION; IONS AB Halogenated phenylperoxyl radicals were produced in irradiated aqueous alcohol solutions by reductive dehalogenation of dihalo- and polyhalobenzenes with solvated electrons and subsequent reaction of the halophenyl radicals with oxygen. Phenylperoxyl radicals oxidize 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate ion) (ABTS(2-)) with rate constants between 3 x 10(7) and 3 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1), depending on the structure of the peroxyl radical and the alcohol concentration. For monohalogenated phenylperoxyl radicals, the reactivity changed in the order F < Cl < Br and p < m < o. The reactivity increased on going from the (monohalophenyl)- to the (dihalophenyl)- and (trihalophenyl)peroxyl radicals. The rate constants were correlated with the substituent constants and with the pK(a) values of similarly halogenated phenols. The reduction potential for PhOO(.)/PhOO(-) was estimated to be near 0.7 V vs NHE; that for the trichloro derivative, near 0.9 V. The rate constants in various solvent mixtures were correlated with the cohesive pressure of the medium. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 29 BP 11447 EP 11451 DI 10.1021/j100029a023 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RK550 UT WOS:A1995RK55000023 ER PT J AU BEDANOV, VM TSANG, W ZACHARIAH, MR AF BEDANOV, VM TSANG, W ZACHARIAH, MR TI MASTER EQUATION ANALYSIS OF THERMAL-ACTIVATION REACTIONS - REVERSIBLE ISOMERIZATION AND DECOMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS AB We present the full solution of the master equation for the system with reversible isomerization and decomposition channels at low pressures. As an example of such a system we consider the cis-trans isomerization of 2-butene. At high temperatures cis-2-butene decomposes into butadiene and hydrogen. The effect of isomerization on the decomposition rate coefficient was studied and indicated multiple steady-state behavior. At 1200 K, for example, a true steady state is achieved only after 75% of the product has been formed. This behavior is explained in terms of relaxation to the equilibrium distribution between cis and trans isomers. The first plateau in the rate coefficient corresponds to the irreversible regime of isomerization when two isomers are far from equilibrium, while the second plateau or true steady state is established after equilibrium between isomers has been reached. The effect is not observed at either low temperatures or high pressures. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INST THEORET & APPL MECH,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 29 BP 11452 EP 11457 DI 10.1021/j100029a024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RK550 UT WOS:A1995RK55000024 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, AG WILLIAMS, PA THOMAS, BN CLARK, NA ROS, MB WALBA, DM AF RAPPAPORT, AG WILLIAMS, PA THOMAS, BN CLARK, NA ROS, MB WALBA, DM TI X-RAY-OBSERVATION OF ELECTROCLINIC LAYER CONSTRICTION AND REARRANGEMENT IN A CHIRAL SMECTIC-A LIQUID-CRYSTAL SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-MODE; PHASE; TEXTURE AB An x-ray scattering study of electroclinic layer constriction verifies the interpretation of the electroclinic effect as field-induced molecular tilt. The tilt angles deduced from the layer spacing changes are in close agreement with those from optical measurements. Layer buckling, a consequence of the layer constriction, is also observed and may be the cause of the loss of optical contrast observed in electroclinic devices. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. EXXON RES & ENGN CO, ANNANDALE, NJ 08801 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP RAPPAPORT, AG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010; Walba, David/F-7284-2013 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 3 BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.1063/1.114629 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RK396 UT WOS:A1995RK39600022 ER PT J AU PAUL, RL ENGLERT, PAJ LINDSTROM, RM AF PAUL, RL ENGLERT, PAJ LINDSTROM, RM TI MAPPING OF NEUTRON-FLUX GRADIENT AT NIST REACTOR TO OPTIMIZE NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF MN-53 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Determination of Mn-53 in meteorites by neutron activation analysis requires a thermal neutron flux high enough to ensure adequate production of Mn-54 from Mn-53 with a sufficiently low fast neutron component to minimize its production through fast neutron reactions. Thermal and fast neutron fluxes were mapped as a function of sample position within the NIST research reactor in order to determine the optimum position for irradiation of Mn-53. C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,NUCL SCI FACIL,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. RP PAUL, RL (reprint author), NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH LE JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 1995 VL 200 IS 5 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1007/BF02162886 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RP507 UT WOS:A1995RP50700008 ER PT J AU FRANASZEK, M AF FRANASZEK, M TI FLUCTUATIONS IN PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION ON CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Fluctuations in probability distribution are used to study the influence of a weak periodic perturbation on a chaotic system. A detailed analysis of one very long time series reveals a great sensitivity to an external perturbation. The case of a large amplitude stochastic perturbation is also discussed. It is shown that the fractal geometry of an experimental attractor may be visualized up to length scales smaller than the noise amplitude. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,PLASMA RES LAB,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CRACOW PEDAG UNIV,INST PHYS,KRAKOW,POLAND. RP FRANASZEK, M (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 226,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 17 PY 1995 VL 203 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00390-O PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RK004 UT WOS:A1995RK00400010 ER PT J AU MASSEE, KC RUST, MB HARDY, RW STICKNEY, RR AF MASSEE, KC RUST, MB HARDY, RW STICKNEY, RR TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRICAINE, QUINALDINE SULFATE AND METOMIDATE AS ANESTHETICS FOR LARVAL FISH SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE ANESTHETICS; METOMIDATE; TRICAINE; QUINALDINE SULFATE; SCIAENOPS OCELLATUS; CARASSIUS AURATUS ID UNINFLATED GAS BLADDERS; STRIPED BASS; MS-222; ETOMIDATE AB Tricaine, quinaldine sulfate, and metomidate were compared as anesthetics for larvae of two species of fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). Larvae were exposed to various concentrations of each anesthetic and the percentages of fish reaching stage 4 of anesthesia, post-exposure recovery, and survival were recorded. Effective concentrations were defined as those which induced stage 4 of anesthesia within 3 min after exposure with a recovery time of 10 min or less. Post-exposure survival of 100% was an additional criteria used to define effective anesthetic concentrations, The lowest effective concentration of tricaine for red drum was 55 mg/l (26 degrees C), while 50 mg/l (24 degrees C) was the lowest effective concentration for goldfish. The lowest effective concentration of quinaldine sulfate for red drum was 35 mg/l (26 degrees C), while 60 mg/l (24 degrees C) was the lowest effective concentration for goldfish. Metomidate was found to be an ineffective anesthetic for both red drum and goldfish larvae based upon survival and recovery times. Mortality occurred in red drum larvae at all tested concentrations of metomidate. Larvae of both species that survived anesthesia with metomidate had longer induction and recovery times compared to larvae exposed to tricaine and quinaldine sulfate. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(95)00057-9 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RU491 UT WOS:A1995RU49100015 ER PT J AU BULLISTER, JL LEE, BS AF BULLISTER, JL LEE, BS TI CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 REMOVAL IN ANOXIC MARINE WATERS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK-SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; SEAWATER AB Measurements of the chlorofluorocarbons CCl3F (F-11) and CCl2F2 (F-12) made in the subsurface anoxic zones of the Black Sea and Saanich Inlet, B.C., Canada show a pronounced depletion of dissolved F-11. These zones are strongly reducing and are characterized by the absence of dissolved nitrate (NO3-) and the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Models incorporating the atmospheric input histories of these CFCs and the observed distributions are used to estimate residence times for water in these zones and first order in-situ removal rates for F-11. In contrast, measurements in the mid-depth low-oxygen zone of the eastern Pacific (where NO3- is present and H2S is below detection limits) do not show evidence of similar rapid F-11 removal. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP BULLISTER, JL (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 14 BP 1893 EP 1896 DI 10.1029/95GL01517 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RK290 UT WOS:A1995RK29000014 ER PT J AU SCHAAFSMA, DT CHRISTENSEN, DH AF SCHAAFSMA, DT CHRISTENSEN, DH TI CROSS-SECTIONAL PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO BURIED-LAYER SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MICROCAVITY; INTERDIFFUSION; AL; GA C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1063/1.360328 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RH819 UT WOS:A1995RH81900008 ER PT J AU RADOVANOV, SB OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ DJUROVIC, S AF RADOVANOV, SB OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ DJUROVIC, S TI ION KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND BALMER-ALPHA (H-ALPHA) EXCITATION IN AR-H-2 RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; RF GLOW-DISCHARGES; NONADIABATIC MOLECULAR-COLLISIONS; CONTROLLED ELECTRON-IMPACT; CHARGE-TRANSFER PROCESSES; LINE-SHAPES; DISSOCIATIVE EXCITATION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES C1 INST PHYS,YU-21000 NOVI SAD,YUGOSLAVIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 70 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1063/1.360333 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RH819 UT WOS:A1995RH81900014 ER PT J AU LOWNEY, JR AF LOWNEY, JR TI MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE DENSITY AND MOBILITY OF CARRIERS IN THIN SEMICONDUCTING LAYERS WITH ONLY 2 CONTACTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP LOWNEY, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 1008 EP 1012 DI 10.1063/1.360770 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RH819 UT WOS:A1995RH81900050 ER PT J AU FITZSIMMONS, MR EASTMAN, JA ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW AF FITZSIMMONS, MR EASTMAN, JA ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW TI THE NEEL TEMPERATURE OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CHROMIUM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Note C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INST REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FITZSIMMONS, MR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 1364 EP 1366 DI 10.1063/1.360765 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RH819 UT WOS:A1995RH81900101 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SD MOUNTAIN, RD MEIJER, PHE AF JOHNSON, SD MOUNTAIN, RD MEIJER, PHE TI SIMULATION OF C-60 THROUGH THE PLASTIC TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SOLID C-60; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPACE; C60 AB An interaction model is presented that accounts for the phase transitions in a crystalline C-60 at 90 and 250 K. This was obtained by a molecular dynamics simulation of the C-60 crystal. These transitions are used as indirect evidence of the appropriateness of the charge distribution. Additional support of the proposed charge distribution comes from the agreement of multipole energies with theoretical considerations. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JOHNSON, SD (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1108 DI 10.1063/1.469820 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RJ371 UT WOS:A1995RJ37100027 ER PT J AU GE, YT VOSS, KJ GORDON, HR AF GE, YT VOSS, KJ GORDON, HR TI IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF INELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING IN MONTEREY BAY USING SOLAR FRAUNHOFER LINES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; RAMAN-SCATTERING; OCEAN; WATERS; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL; FIELDS; SEA AB The contribution of inelastic scattering processes (scattering with a change in wavelength) to the light field in the ocean can be measured directly by observing the apparent decrease in absorption (line filling) of the Fraunhofer absorption lines in the solar spectrum. An instrument possessing very high spectral resolution has been developed to directly measure the Fraunhofer line filling in the upwelling and downwelling irradiances as a function of depth. Measurements made in Monterey Bay show line filling similar to that predicted on theoretical grounds when Raman scattering by water itself is assumed to be the only inelastic process; however, the lines are filled more rapidly with depth than predicted. We believe the more rapid filling results from solar-induced fluorescence of dissolved organic matter. A simple model including both fluorescence and Raman scattering, with the fluorescence parameters (quantum efficiency, excitation spectrum, and emission spectrum) taken from the literature, provides a closer but not precise agreement with the observations. Direct measurement bf the fluorescence parameters is likely required to achieve complete agreement with theory. C1 UNIV MIAMI, DEPT PHYS, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA. RP GE, YT (reprint author), NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, WORLD WEATHER BLDG, ROOM 104, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. RI Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C7 BP 13227 EP 13236 DI 10.1029/95JC00460 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RJ356 UT WOS:A1995RJ35600010 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, MR BRINK, KH BOOTH, CR BLASCO, D SWENSON, MS DAVIS, CO CODISPOTI, LA AF ABBOTT, MR BRINK, KH BOOTH, CR BLASCO, D SWENSON, MS DAVIS, CO CODISPOTI, LA TI SCALES OF VARIABILITY OF BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES AS OBSERVED FROM NEAR-SURFACE DRIFTERS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NATURAL FLUORESCENCE; SARGASSO SEA; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL CURRENTS; UPPER OCEAN AB A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments, During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance, upwelling radiance, and beam attenuation using several bio-optical sensors. Samples were collected by an automated sampler for later analysis of nutrients and phytoplankton species composition. Large-scale spatial and temporal changes in the bio-optical and biological properties of the region were driven by changes in phytoplankton species composition which, in turn, were associated with the meandering circulation. Variance spectra of the bio-optical parameters revealed fluctuations on both diel and semidiurnal scales, perhaps associated with solar variations and internal tides, respectively, Offshore, inertial-scale fluctuations were apparent in the variance spectra of temperature, fluorescence, and beam attenuation. Although calibration samples can help remove some of these variations, these results suggest that the use of bio-optical data from unattended platforms such as moorings and drifters must be analyzed carefully. Characterization of the scales of phytoplankton variability must account for the scales of variability in the algorithms used to convert bio-optical measurements into biological quantities. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. BIOSPHER INC, SAN DIEGO, CA 92110 USA. OFF NAVAL RES, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RP ABBOTT, MR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C7 BP 13345 EP 13367 DI 10.1029/94JC02457 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RJ356 UT WOS:A1995RJ35600019 ER PT J AU ORTNER, PB LEE, TN MILNE, PJ ZIKA, RG CLARKE, ME PODESTA, GP SWART, PK TESTER, PA ATKINSON, LP JOHNSON, WR AF ORTNER, PB LEE, TN MILNE, PJ ZIKA, RG CLARKE, ME PODESTA, GP SWART, PK TESTER, PA ATKINSON, LP JOHNSON, WR TI MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD WATERS THAT REACHED THE GULF-STREAM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY AB Distributions of physical, biological, and chemical parameters in Florida Keys coastal waters seaward of the reef track were surveyed on September 9 to 13, 1993, as part of a coordinated multidisciplinary study of surface transport processes. A band of low-salinity water was observed along the shoreward side of the Florida Current over the downstream extent of the survey from Miami to Key West. Biological and chemical indicators within the band, together with its large volume, satellite imagery, and a surface drifter trajectory suggested the recent Mississippi River flood as the source. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,NORFOLK,VA 23529. MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERV,HEMDON,VA 22070. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP ORTNER, PB (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Swart, Peter/K-7041-2016 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C7 BP 13595 EP 13601 DI 10.1029/95JC01039 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RJ356 UT WOS:A1995RJ35600033 ER PT J AU RICKER, RE AF RICKER, RE TI ORIGINS OF THE AQUEOUS CORROSION AND STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE NICKEL ALUMINIDE SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd US/Japan Seminar on Development and Environmental Characteristics of New Materials CY JUN 07-09, 1994 CL MT HOOD, OR SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res DE AQUEOUS CORROSION; STRESS CORROSION CRACKING; NICKEL ALUMINIDE; DUCTILITY ID TEMPERATURE; ALLOYS AB The stress corrosion cracking resistance of ductile nickel aluminide, Ni3Al+B, was evaluated by conducting experiments in solutions with varying pH and ionic concentration. The results demonstrate that the ductility of this material is greatly reduced and the fracture mode changes from ductile transgranular to brittle intergranular cracking when environmental conditions are favorable for hydrogen absorption during the steady state regardless of the solution composition and pH. The results also indicate that, in the absence of cathodic polarization, this material exhibits ductile behavior during free corrosion in solutions of neutral and alkaline pH. Thermodynamic calculations of the activity of aluminum in nickel aluminide indicate that there is sufficient thermodynamic driving force for hydrogen evolution in these environments. Although the presence of surface films and transport through these films prevent this from occurring during steady state free corrosion, the thermodynamic calculations indicate that hydrogen evolution should occur during the transients that follow film rupture in these environments. To evaluate if hydrogen evolution could occur during film rupture and repassivation, nickel aluminide samples were scratched and the resulting potential transient was monitored. The results indicate that the potential drop during the scratch repassivation event will not cause significant hydrogen evolution and absorption. It is postulated that this discrepancy between the thermodynamic calculations and kinetic behavior is due to the ordering of this A(3)B compound into the L1(2) structure. To test this hypothesis, samples of Ni3Fe, which can be easily ordered and disordered, were tested in the ordered and disordered conditions. The results indicate that ordering significantly alters the repassivation transient that follows scratching in A(3)B-L1(2) compounds where the more active constituent is the B species. RP RICKER, RE (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)80078-9 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA RQ439 UT WOS:A1995RQ43900028 ER PT J AU ROBEY, SW HENRICH, VE EYLEM, C EICHHORN, BW AF ROBEY, SW HENRICH, VE EYLEM, C EICHHORN, BW TI EFFECT OF HOLE DOPING ON THE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF ND1-XSRXTIO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL TRANSITION; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIMENSIONS; FERMIONS; SPECTRA; LATTICE AB Photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed to follow the development of the electronic structure in Nd1-xSrxTiO3 as a function of x. Resonant effects at the Ti 3p threshold were used to highlight Ti 3d contributions in the valence bands. Particular attention is focused on Ti 3d intensity within similar to 3 eV of the Fermi level(E(F)) The total intensity in this region is found to correlate linearly with composition, as expected. Changes in the shape of this spectral structure are discussed in terms of the one-electron spectral function. For x<0.25 (insulating or semiconducting compositions), only incoherent intensity associated with the lower Hubbard band is present, Additional intensity, attributed to a coherent quasiparticle contribution, appears at the composition of the metal-insulator transition x similar to 0.25. The relative intensities of these two components are determined as a function of x. Ti 3d intensity also occurs in the higher binding-energy region of the predominantly O 2p band due to Ti 3d-O 2p hybridization. Composition-dependent changes in this region are analyzed in order to determine changes in the Ti 3d-O 2p hybridization with composition and structure. C1 YALE UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP ROBEY, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 2395 EP 2402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.2395 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RM154 UT WOS:A1995RM15400036 ER PT J AU WOICIK, JC PELLEGRINO, JG SOUTHWORTH, SH SHAW, PS KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE MIYANO, KE AF WOICIK, JC PELLEGRINO, JG SOUTHWORTH, SH SHAW, PS KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE MIYANO, KE TI ACCOMMODATION OF STRAIN IN ULTRATHIN INAS/GAAS FILMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID RELAXATION; LAYERS AB X-ray standing-wave and extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements have determined the strain and bond distortions in a buried InAs monolayer grown epitaxially on GaAs(001). The In atoms are found to reside 1.64+/-0.03 Angstrom above the last-As plane of the GaAs substrate with an In-As bond length of 2.57+/-0.02 Angstrom. Relative to bulk InAs, this corresponds to an 8% expansion in the In-As planar distance perpendicular to the interface and a 0.05-Angstrom compression in the In-As bond length. This experiment indicates that macroscopic-elastic theory describes the distortions in InAs/GaAs(001) films even in the monolayer limit. C1 CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT PHYS,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP R2281 EP R2284 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RM154 UT WOS:A1995RM15400018 ER PT J AU CABEZAS, H COLE, KD HUBBARD, JB AF CABEZAS, H COLE, KD HUBBARD, JB TI WORKSHOP ON CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROKINETICS, AND SEPARATIONS IN POROUS-MEDIA, GAITHERSBURG, MD, 4-5 AUGUST 1994 - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 707 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)90107-8 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RL341 UT WOS:A1995RL34100001 ER PT J AU MARTYS, NS AF MARTYS, NS TI NUMERICAL-SIMULATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION IN RANDOM POROUS-MEDIA SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Chromatography, Electrokinetics, and Separations in Porous Media CY AUG 04-05, 1994 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Biotechnol Div HO NIST ID AFFINE FRACTAL INTERFACES; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; FLOW AB In this paper we present results demonstrating the utility of computational methods to numerically simulate and visualize hydrodynamic dispersion in random porous media. The role of Peclet number in the spread of a dye through porous media is illustrated. From examination of concentration profiles, effective diffusion coefficients were numerically determined for different Peclet numbers. In contrast to the case of fluid-driven dispersion, we discuss the spread of a dilute concentration of ions driven by an electric field. We also consider a simple model of size exclusion chromatography where materials that advect and diffuse through pore space also diffuse through the solid matrix. RP MARTYS, NS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 707 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00204-Z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RL341 UT WOS:A1995RL34100005 ER PT J AU COLE, KD TODD, P SRINIVASAN, K DUTTA, BK AF COLE, KD TODD, P SRINIVASAN, K DUTTA, BK TI FREE-SOLUTION ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS IN AN IMPROVED DENSITY GRADIENT COLUMN AND BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Chromatography, Electrokinetics, and Separations in Porous Media CY AUG 04-05, 1994 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Biotechnol Div HO NIST ID GELS AB The electrophoretic mobilities of bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin A and B, alpha-lactalbumin and myoglobin were measured in free solution using an improved version of the Boltz-Todd vertical density-gradient electrophoresis column. Dialysis membranes were used for the isolation of the side-arm electrodes from the column and large-volume electrode containers were connected to each other by a circulating buffer loop. The improvements increased reliability, facilitated removal of electrode gas, prevented proteins from contacting electrodes and allowed the use of low conductivity buffers without ion depletion. A low conductivity buffer (Tris-glycine) allows the use of high fields for rapid separations. The apparatus is modular and allows easy modification of column dimensions. We have also measured the electrophoretic mobility of these proteins in a coated capillary in the absence of significant electroosmotic flow. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP COLE, KD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 707 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01245-A PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RL341 UT WOS:A1995RL34100009 ER PT J AU RAVISHANKARA, AR ALBRITTON, DL AF RAVISHANKARA, AR ALBRITTON, DL TI METHYL CHLOROFORM AND THE ATMOSPHERE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP RAVISHANKARA, AR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5221 BP 183 EP 184 DI 10.1126/science.269.5221.183 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RJ029 UT WOS:A1995RJ02900027 PM 17789845 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, MH ENSHER, JR MATTHEWS, MR WIEMAN, CE CORNELL, EA AF ANDERSON, MH ENSHER, JR MATTHEWS, MR WIEMAN, CE CORNELL, EA TI OBSERVATION OF BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION IN A DILUTE ATOMIC VAPOR SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; HYDROGEN; TRAP; BEHAVIOR AB A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10(12) per cubic centimeter and could be preserved far more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, DIV QUANTUM PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 38 TC 4842 Z9 4967 U1 50 U2 345 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5221 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1126/science.269.5221.198 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RJ029 UT WOS:A1995RJ02900031 PM 17789847 ER PT J AU ECKERT, J JENSEN, CM KOETZLE, TF LEHUSEBO, T NICOL, J WU, P AF ECKERT, J JENSEN, CM KOETZLE, TF LEHUSEBO, T NICOL, J WU, P TI INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF IRIH2(H-2)(PPR3I)(2) AND NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF IRIH2(H-2)(PPR3I)(2)CENTER-DOT-C10H8 - IMPLICATIONS ON THE MECHANISM OF THE INTERCONVERSION OF DIHYDROGEN AND HYDRIDE LIGANDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; EXTREMELY LOW BARRIER; REVERSIBLE LOSS; SOLID-STATE; IRIDIUM; ROTATION; DYNAMICS C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT CHEM,HONOLULU,HI 96822. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ECKERT, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LANCE,MS H805,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 12 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 27 BP 7271 EP 7272 DI 10.1021/ja00132a038 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RJ035 UT WOS:A1995RJ03500038 ER PT J AU GARSTANG, RH AF GARSTANG, RH TI RADIATIVE HYPERFINE TRANSITIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; RADIO LINES, ISM ID QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT; CONSTANTS AB The 21 cm line of hydrogen is a magnetic dipole transition between the two hyperfine levels of the hydrogen ground term. There has been some interest in the possibility of finding other lines of this type in diffuse interstellar regions. Turner searched without success for Na-23 for which the transition within the ground term has a wavelength of 17 cm. We have developed a general formula for the magnetic dipole line strength in LS coupling of a hyperfine transition within a single atomic energy level. We have applied our formula to the calculation of the transition probabilities of lines in isotopes of neutral atoms and some atomic ions up to iron. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GARSTANG, RH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 447 IS 2 BP 962 EP 965 DI 10.1086/175933 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RF788 UT WOS:A1995RF78800044 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JP MORGAN, WJ ZHANG, YS SMITH, WHF AF MORGAN, JP MORGAN, WJ ZHANG, YS SMITH, WHF TI OBSERVATIONAL HINTS FOR A PLUME-FED, SUBOCEANIC ASTHENOSPHERE AND ITS ROLE IN MANTLE CONVECTION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; BENEATH MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; PLATE VELOCITIES; GEOID ANOMALIES; DRIVING FORCES; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SPREADING RATE; EARTHS MANTLE AB An asthenosphere layer which is entirely fed from below by plumes and which loses equal mass by accretion to the overlying oceanic lithosphere and at subduction zones may play a critical role in shaping the form of mantle convection. In this study we discuss geochemical, seismic, and geoid/depth evidence for lateral flow within this type of asthenosphere. In particular, we suggest that there are large-scale layered, horizontal flow structures that connect upward plume input beneath hotspots to near-ridge regions of increased asthenosphere accretion into the growing oceanic lithosphere. Lateral asthenosphere flow is also shaped by oceanic subduction zones, with a partial return flow from trenches, and by deep continental roots that are migrating barriers to asthenosphere flow. This alternative paradigm offers relatively simple explanations for several puzzles about mantle convection, for example, the low mantle heat flow beneath continents. It also offers an explanation for why mid-ocean ridges appear to be passive features that migrate with little geochemical or morphological change with respect to the lower mantle and seem to be uncoupled from large-scale mantle flow, while in contrast, trenches appear to be strongly coupled to mantle-thick regions of fast (colder) seismic velocity anomalies. We also discuss several implications of this paradigm that should be testable in future studies, such as the prediction of cogenetic off-axis seamount volcanism that is created between an off-axis hotspot and its neighboring ridge axis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, GEOSCI LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, INST TECTON, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95060 USA. RP MORGAN, JP (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 93 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B7 BP 12753 EP 12767 DI 10.1029/95JB00041 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RH812 UT WOS:A1995RH81200029 ER PT J AU FONG, HF KEIMER, B ANDERSON, PW REZNIK, D DOGAN, F AKSAY, IA AF FONG, HF KEIMER, B ANDERSON, PW REZNIK, D DOGAN, F AKSAY, IA TI PHONON AND MAGNETIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING AT 41 MEV IN YBA2CU3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; VIBRATIONS C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP FONG, HF (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008 NR 24 TC 318 Z9 319 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 2 BP 316 EP 319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.316 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RG978 UT WOS:A1995RG97800033 ER PT J AU HOBART, KD GODBEY, DJ TWIGG, ME FATEMI, M THOMPSON, PE AF HOBART, KD GODBEY, DJ TWIGG, ME FATEMI, M THOMPSON, PE TI SURFACE SEGREGATION AND STRUCTURE OF SB-DOPED SI(100) FILMS GROWN AT LOW-TEMPERATURE BY MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANTIMONY; MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; SURFACE SEGREGATION ID SILICON; LAYERS; MBE; MICROSCOPY AB Sb surface segregation and doping during Si(100) molecular beam epitaxy were studied for growth temperatures of 320-500 degrees C. Surface segregation was analyzed by depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry and the results indicate the existence of several distinct dopant concentration- and temperature-dependent surface segregation regimes: (1) For dilute Sb surface concentrations the measurements reveal a region where bulk and surface concentrations are linearly related, and the surface segregation is described by a constant. However, the experimentally determined temperature dependence of the segregation does not follow simple kinetics theory, and appreciable surface segregation is observed at temperatures less than or equal to 400 degrees C. (2) At temperatures >350 degrees C, the surface segregation reaches a maximum for Sb surface concentrations of 0.5 monolayers. (3) For surface concentrations near 1 monolayer, the surface segregation decreases with increasing surface Sb coverage due to dopant interaction within surface and subsurface layers. In cases where films were grown under very high dopant fluxes, we have identified cone-like defects and stacking faults that are the result of the apparent surface concentration exceeding 1 monolayer. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 334 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00435-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA RK973 UT WOS:A1995RK97300011 ER PT J AU GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY DYNAMICS OF HYDROGEN-BONDED PYRROLE COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION LIFETIMES; PREDISSOCIATION; RELAXATION; MOLECULES; SOLVENT; HF; SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUIDS AB Picosecond IR transient bleaching and double-resonance absorption experiments were performed on the pyrrole (C4H5N) NH stretching vibration of solution phase hydrogen-bonded pyrrole:base complexes in room temperature CCl4. Population lifetime (T-1) measurements show that hydrogen-bonding interactions enhance the vibrational energy relaxation rate of the NH functional group significantly, and the magnitude of this enhancement increases monotonically with proton-accepting strength of the base suggesting it is independent of base vibrational structure. Values for the NH stretch (v = 1) T lifetime include 49 +/- 3 ps (1 sigma) for ''free'' pyrrole, 13 +/- 2 ps for pyrrole:acetonitrile, and 4.5 +/- 0.4 ps for pyrrole:tetrahydrofuran complexes. Intramolecular vibrational energy transfer is the dominant relaxation pathway, but the results suggest a weak pump-induced dissociation channel. Extracted T-1 lifetimes differ markedly from earlier values obtained by transient anti-Stokes Raman methods. C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 6 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 27 BP 10716 EP 10722 DI 10.1021/j100027a007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RH221 UT WOS:A1995RH22100007 ER PT J AU POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ AF POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ TI MOLECULAR ORDERING AND GOLD MIGRATION OBSERVED IN BUTANETHIOL SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS USING SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; SURFACES; AU(111); DIFFRACTION; ADSORPTION; DIFFUSION AB Functionalized alkanethiols offer tremendous flexibility in customizing the physicochemical properties of Au surfaces. For this reason they are being investigated for applications in sensing, tribology, and corrosion inhibition. We present a scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of molecular ordering in an alkanethiol monolayer system. When dense monolayers of butanethiol molecules are assembled onto Au(111), randomly distributed single-layer-deep pit defects are generated in the Au substrate. The monolayer spontaneously crystallizes via homogeneous nucleation and grows into a complex domain network. Simultaneously, the pit number density and size distribution are observed to evolve in a manner consistent with Ostwald ripening. The number density of pit features follows a t(-1/2) power law. When the monolayer has completely crystallized, the redistribution of Au atoms ceases. Thus, this is a special case of order-disorder-mediated Ostwald ripening. RP POIRIER, GE (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUL 6 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 27 BP 10966 EP 10970 DI 10.1021/j100027a042 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RH221 UT WOS:A1995RH22100042 ER PT J AU WAGNER, NJ WALKER, LM HAMMOUDA, B AF WAGNER, NJ WALKER, LM HAMMOUDA, B TI STRUCTURE OF ISOTROPIC SOLUTIONS OF RIGID MACROMOLECULES VIA SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING - POLY(GAMMA-BENZYL L-GLUTAMATE)/DEUTERATED DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE FACTOR; STATIC STRUCTURE FACTOR; STIFF POLYMERS; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATION; PHASE; SYSTEM; FLOW AB We have measured the structure factor for rigid-rod macromolecules in solution, poly(gamma-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) in deuterated dimethylformamide (d-DMF), in the isotropic phase. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of a concentration series, from the dilute through the concentrated isotropic phase, have been analyzed using the recent modification of the random-phase approximation by Doi, Shimada, and Okano (DSO-RPA) for rodlike macromolecules, which includes nematic interactions. The results and comparison to theory are in good agreement with reported values from previous light scattering measurements performed by De Long and Russo at lower wave vectors. The concentrated isotropic phase exhibits an intensity increase that grows with increasing concentration, a pretransitional effect consistent with increased fluctuations in orientational order. Additional orientational fluctuation correlations are introduced into the theory through a phenomenological dependence of the excluded-volume parameter on the scattering wave vector, and good agreement with the measured scattering is found. Attempts to verify this behavior with lower molecular weight samples showed further anomalies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WAGNER, NJ (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLBURN LAB,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 3 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 14 BP 5075 EP 5081 DI 10.1021/ma00118a041 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RH916 UT WOS:A1995RH91600041 ER PT J AU SAKURAI, Y YOUNG, RE HIROTA, J MANGOLD, K VECCHIONE, M CLARKE, MR BOWER, J AF SAKURAI, Y YOUNG, RE HIROTA, J MANGOLD, K VECCHIONE, M CLARKE, MR BOWER, J TI ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HATCHING IN THE OCEANIC SQUIDS - OMMASTREPHES-BARTRAMII AND STHENOTEUTHIS-OUALANIENSIS (CEPHALOPODA, OMMASTREPHIDAE) SO VELIGER LA English DT Article AB A technique for routinely obtaining hatchlings of oceanic squids via artificial fertilization is not available at present. This paper makes a major advance in that direction. A technique for artificial fertilization and rearing the resulting embryos through hatching for the oceanic ommastrephid squids Ommastrephes bartramii and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is presented that emphasizes the importance of egg hydration and methods of obtaining chorion expansion. Initial results comparing hatching time against rearing temperature show an expected decrease in time with increasing temperature. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822. LAB ARAGO,F-66650 BANYULS SUR MER,FRANCE. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SAKURAI, Y (reprint author), HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC FISHERIES,HAKODATE,HOKKAIDO 041,JAPAN. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD JUL 3 PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA RH533 UT WOS:A1995RH53300001 ER PT J AU SCHWARZENBACH, D ABRAHAMS, SC FLACK, HD PRINCE, E WILSON, AJC AF SCHWARZENBACH, D ABRAHAMS, SC FLACK, HD PRINCE, E WILSON, AJC TI STATISTICAL DESCRIPTORS IN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY .2. REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON EXPRESSION OF UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article AB The Working Group has examined recent recommendations for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement [Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, International Organization for Standardization (ISO, 1993)]. The present publication updates an earlier report of the IUCr Subcommittee on Statistical Descriptors [Schwarzenbach, Abrahams, Flack, Gonschorek, Hahn, Huml, Marsh, Prince, Robertson, Rollett & Wilson (1989). Acta Cryst. A45, 63-75]. This new report presents the concepts of standard uncertainty, of combined standard uncertainty, and of Type A and Type B evaluations of standard uncertainties. It expands the earlier dictionary of statistical terms, recommends replacement of the term estimated standard deviation (e.s.d.) by standard uncertainty (s.u.) or by combined standard uncertainty (c.s.u.) in statements of the statistical uncertainties of data and results, and requests a complete description of the experimental and computational procedures used to obtain all results submitted to IUCr publications. C1 SO OREGON STATE COLL,DEPT PHYS,ASHLAND,OR 97520. UNIV GENEVA,CRISTALOG RAYONS X LAB,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ST JOHNS COLL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TP,ENGLAND. RP SCHWARZENBACH, D (reprint author), UNIV LAUSANNE,INST CRISTALLOG,BSP,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. NR 6 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 51 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1107/S0108767395002340 PN 4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA RL267 UT WOS:A1995RL26700018 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL AF WANG, ZL TI DYNAMICAL THEORIES OF DARK-FIELD IMAGING USING DIFFUSELY SCATTERED ELECTRONS IN STEM AND TEM SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; LATTICE IMAGES; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; CONTRAST; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB Dynamical theories of atomic number sensitive image (or Z-contrast image) formed by thermal diffusely scattered (TDS) electrons are proposed based on first-principles considerations, 'Exact' theories are derived for simulating images obtained either in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using an annular dark-field detector or in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using an on-axis objective aperture under hollow-cone beam illumination. The atom thermal vibrations are described using lattice dynamics with consideration of phase correlations, The effects that are comprehensively covered in the theory include: dynamical diffraction of the beam before and after TDS, thickness-dependent beam broadening or channelling, Huang scattering from defect regions, coherence of the thermal diffusely scattered electrons generated from the atomic layers packed within the coherent length, multiphonon and multiple phonon excitations, and the detector geometry. Simplified theories have been derived from this unified approach under various approximations. It has been shown that the incoherent imaging theory is a much simplified case of the practical imaging condition, and can be applied only for qualitative image interpretation. The coherent length in the z direction varies with the change of atomic mass in the column. It is thus possible that the z coherence may disappear for heavy elements. Finally, the theory of Huang scattering in high-angle dark-field TEM imaging has been illustrated, and the theoretically expected results have been observed experimentally. C1 NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 51 BP 569 EP 585 DI 10.1107/S0108767395002066 PN 4 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA RL267 UT WOS:A1995RL26700019 ER PT J AU VETTER, TW PRATT, KW TURK, GC BECK, CM BUTLER, TA AF VETTER, TW PRATT, KW TURK, GC BECK, CM BUTLER, TA TI USING INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY OF THE GRAVIMETRIC-DETERMINATION OF SULFATE SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE GRAVIMETRIC; SULFATE; BARIUM SULFATE; ACCURACY; INSTRUMENTAL DETERMINATION AB A gravimetric method for the determination of sulfate in a sulfate solution standard by the precipitation of barium sulfate is coupled with the instrumental determination of trace sulfate and precipitate contaminants to improve the accuracy and precision of the analysis. Sulfate in a solution of potassium sulfate is separated by a reverse precipitation with barium chloride in very dilute hydrochloric acid, Coulometry, ICP-MS, and flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) are used to quantify the level of the contamination in the barium sulfate precipitate and the solubility loss of sulfate in the filtrate, from which correction factors are calculated. Coprecipitating contaminants contribute about 0.3% to the total precipitate mass, while the analyte lost to the filtrate contributes 0.4%. Despite the poorer precision and accuracy of instrumental methods, the over-all precision and accuracy of the sulfate determination is actually improved, since the instrumental methods are used to determine only a very small part of the analyte. The expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the method is below 0.2% relative to the precipitate mass. RP VETTER, TW (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JUL PY 1995 VL 120 IS 7 BP 2025 EP 2032 DI 10.1039/an9952002025 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RL636 UT WOS:A1995RL63600029 ER PT J AU BAKER, JD ANTONELIS, GA FOWLER, CW YORK, AE AF BAKER, JD ANTONELIS, GA FOWLER, CW YORK, AE TI NATAL SITE FIDELITY IN NORTHERN FUR SEALS, CALLORHINUS-URSINUS SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID OEDIPUS HYPOTHESIS; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; ISLAND; BIRDS; PHILOPATRY; AGE; COMPETITION; ALASKA AB More than 37 000 records of northern fur seals tagged at their natal areas and resighted during a recent mark-recapture study and past commercial harvests, were analysed to study the age and sex variation, and temporal dynamics of natal site fidelity in this highly polygynous, long-lived, migratory species. Data were available on males (2-6 years old) and females (2-20 years old). All ages and sex classes with sufficient sample sizes to allow statistical tests showed a significant tendency to return to the same area of the island where they were born. The proportion of young male and female seals found at their natal area during the breeding season increased significantly with age. Young females showed significantly greater age-specific natal site fidelity than young males (ages 2-6 years) and apparently exhibited their maximum site fidelity at a younger age than males. The increasing expression of natal site fidelity with age appears to be related to sexual maturation and reproductive activity, the latter beginning later in males than in females. Within a season, natal site fidelity of juvenile males increased with time since arrival on St Paul Island. This change in site fidelity implies that they may be less particular in selecting a landing site when they first arrive, then begin to orient more specifically towards their natal area. This behaviour may indicate a transition from a general homing goal while migrating (the island as a whole) to a more specific goal (the natal area) upon arrival. (C) 1995 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour RP BAKER, JD (reprint author), NOAA,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 57 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 50 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1006/anbe.1995.0236 PN 1 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA RM190 UT WOS:A1995RM19000023 ER PT J AU COLE, KD CABEZAS, H AF COLE, KD CABEZAS, H TI RECENT PROGRESS IN THE ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY OF PROTEINS SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Frontiers in Bioprocessing CY SEP 19-23, 1993 CL BOULDER, CO SP NeXstar, Univ Minnesota, Biol Proc Technol Inst, Bur Mines, Biol Proc Technol Inst, US EPA, NIST, Colorado Inst Res Biotechnol, Colorado Bioproc Ctr, Univ Colorado DE ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; SEPHADEX; ELECTROPHORESIS; COUNTERACTING CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM ALBUMIN ID ELECTROPHORESIS AB We have constructed a column for the application of an electrical field to a flowing packed bed of chromatographic media (electrochromatography), and we have studied the effect the electrical field on the elution of bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin A and B, alpha-lactalbumin, and myoglobin from packed beds of Sephadex beads. The elution behavior of the model proteins on Sephadex with a high degree of crosslinking (Sephadex G-25) and with a lower amount of crosslinking (Sephadex G-75) was measured. We confirmed that proteins exhibited an unexplained electrically driven retention on the column packed with G-75. The electrically driven retention effect was greatly reduced or absent in columns packed with the more highly crosslinked G-25. The potential of electrochromatography for high-resolution separations was shown by the partial separation of beta-lactoglobulin A and B by using short columns with the electric field polarity such that electrophoresis opposed convective flow in the column. RP COLE, KD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1007/BF02787917 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RY911 UT WOS:A1995RY91100011 ER PT J AU CUPERMAN, S BRUMA, C DRYER, M SEMEL, M AF CUPERMAN, S BRUMA, C DRYER, M SEMEL, M TI THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF CORONAL HELMET STREAMERS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MHD; MAGNETIC FIELDS; SUN, CORONA, MAGNETIC FIELDS ID FREE MAGNETIC-FIELD; X-RAY TELESCOPE; MASS EJECTION; STELLAR WINDS; SOLAR-WIND; FLOWS; MODEL; STABILITY; PHYSICS; REGION AB The equilibrium of coronal helmet streamers is investigated within the framework of an axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic polytropic model. The main features of this work are: (i) The eight MHD vector equations are reduced - via analytical manipulations - to three scalar equations involving the magnetic flux function, the current density and temperature; (ii) The reduced system of equations is solved by the aid of a computational algorithm including both relaxation and iterative techniques, and is continued until the maximum local relative change with time becomes smaller than 10(-4); (iii) At the Sun, only three physical quantities are fixed, namely, the radial component of the magnetic field, the temperature and the particle density. The other quantities - the theta-magnetic field, radial and theta-components of the streaming velocity - are determined in a self-consistent way; (iv) The coronal helmet streamer structure is obtained by: specifying the (observed) latitude extension on the sun of the region of closed magnetic field lines, requiring the field lines in the meridian plane to become purely radial at 10 solar radii, and imposing the continuity condition on the field line separating the region of closed field lines from that of open field lines. The algorithm used in this work enables the separate analysis of the following problems of interest: (i) the linear problem - plasma acceleration in a prescribed helmet streamer-like configuration; (ii) The quasi-linear problem - the feedback effect of the plasma (solar wind) flow on the vacuum magnetic configuration; and (iii) the non-linear problem - the consistent equilibrium state of the magnetic field and plasma flow in coronal helmet streamers. The quantitative results obtained in these studies are presented, compared and discussed. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV, RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI, SCH PHYS & ASTRON, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. NOAA, ERL, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP CUPERMAN, S (reprint author), OBSERV PARIS, SECT MEUDON, DASOP, URA 326, F-92195 MEUDON, FRANCE. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 299 IS 2 BP 389 EP 413 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RJ639 UT WOS:A1995RJ63900014 ER PT J AU WALTER, FM MATTHEWS, LD LINSKY, JL AF WALTER, FM MATTHEWS, LD LINSKY, JL TI NEW INSIGHTS INTO NONRADIATIVE HEATING IN LATE A STAR CHROMOSPHERES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CHROMOSPHERES; STARS, EARLY-TYPE; STARS, MAGNETIC FIELDS; ULTRAVIOLET STARS ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; COOL STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; CONVECTION ZONES; ACOUSTIC ENERGY; BETA PHOTOMETRY; A-STARS; IUE AB Using new and archival spectra from the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph, we have searched for evidence of chromospheric and transition region emission in six stars of mid to late A spectral type. Two of the stars, alpha Aql (A7 IV-V) and alpha Cep (A7 IV-V), show emission in the C II 1335 Angstrom doublet, confirming the presence of hot plasma with temperatures comparable to that of the solar transition region. Using radiative equilibrium photospheric models, we estimate the net surface fluxes in the C II emission line to be 9.4 x 10(4) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) for alpha Aql and 6.5 x 10(4) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) for alpha Cep. These are comparable to fluxes observed in early to mid F-type dwarfs, indicating that significant upper atmospheric heating is present in at least some stars as hot as similar to 8000 K (B-V = 0.22). We find no evidence for the blueshifted emission reported by Simon et al. (1994). We estimate the basal flux level to be about 30% of that seen in early F stars, and that the bulk of the emission is not basal in origin. We conclude that the basal flux level drops rapidly for B-V less than or similar to 0.3, but that magnetic activity may persist to B-V as small as 0.22. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 447 IS 1 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1086/175879 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RF079 UT WOS:A1995RF07900029 ER PT J AU GERON, CD PIERCE, TE GUENTHER, AB AF GERON, CD PIERCE, TE GUENTHER, AB TI REASSESSMENT OF BIOGENIC VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS IN THE ATLANTA AREA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ISOPRENE; MONOTERPENE; FOLIAR MASS; FOREST INVENTORY; OXIDANT ID ISOPRENE; FOREST; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; INVENTORY; MODEL; LIGHT; RATES; PINE; OAK AB Localized estimates of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are important inputs for photochemical oxidant simulation models. Since forest tree species are the primary emitters of BVOCs, it is important to develop reliable estimates of their areal coverage and BVOC emission rates. A new system is used to estimate these emissions in the Atlanta area for specific tree genera at hourly and county levels. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and an associated urban vegetation survey are used to estimate canopy occupancy by genus in the Atlanta area. A simple canopy model is used to adjust photosynthetically active solar radiation at five vertical levels in the canopy. Leaf temperature and photosynthetically active radiation derived from ambient conditions above the forest canopy are then used to drive empirical equations to estimate genus level emission rates of BVOCs vertically through forest canopies. These genera-level estimates are then aggregated to county and regional levels for input into air quality models and for comparison with (1) the regulatory model currently used and (2) previous estimates for the Atlanta area by local researchers. Estimated hourly emissions from the three approaches during a documented ozone event day are compared. The proposed model yields peak diurnal isoprene emission rates that are over a factor of three times higher than previous estimates. This results in total BVOC emission rates that are roughly a factor of two times higher than previous estimates. These emissions are compared with observed emissions from forests of similar composition. Possible implications for oxidant events are discussed. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP GERON, CD (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1569 EP & DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00274-O PG 0 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RH248 UT WOS:A1995RH24800009 ER PT J AU RUFFIEUX, D AF RUFFIEUX, D TI WINTER SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET IN DENVER, COLORADO SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE URBAN SURFACE ENERGY BUDGET; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; DENVER; CASE STUDY ID URBAN CANOPY; RADIATION; VANCOUVER; BALANCE; CANYON; BC AB The surface energy budget plays a major role in the evolution of the boundary layer in an urban environment. Because of the complex pattern of city surfaces, measurement and simulation of the surface energy budget are very difficult to perform. This paper presents a study of the winter surface energy budget conducted in downtown Denver, Colorado. By combining measurements with model simulations using a Geographical Information System, the temporal and spatial evolution of the surface energy budget inside downtown Denver is described. Results show the importance of heat emission from building walls, local shadowing by tall buildings, subsurface heat flux, and the effects of snow cover on the surface energy budget. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP RUFFIEUX, D (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00142-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RH248 UT WOS:A1995RH24800010 ER PT J AU KUKLA, G KARL, T RICHES, M AF KUKLA, G KARL, T RICHES, M TI SPECIAL ISSUE - MINIMAX WORKSHOP - PREFACE SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28018. RP KUKLA, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(95)90011-X PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM746 UT WOS:A1995RM74600001 ER PT J AU GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD MCNAB, AL KARL, TR AF GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD MCNAB, AL KARL, TR TI ASSESSMENT OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS - A SATELLITE PERSPECTIVE SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Minimax Workshop on Asymmetric Change of Daily Temperature Range CY SEP 27-30, 1993 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP US NOAA, Natl Environm Watch Project, US DOE, Global Change Res Program ID AVHRR DATA; AREAS; CITY AB The use of remotely sensed data offers a potential objective method for assessment of urban heat islands. Several studies that utilized satellite derived data are reviewed and future prospects are presented. The use of satellite derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data and the potential use of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program sensor data are reviewed in detail. C1 NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. RP NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR, GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 23 TC 60 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00066-M PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM746 UT WOS:A1995RM74600006 ER PT J AU KUKLA, G GAVIN, J SCHLESINGER, M KARL, T AF KUKLA, G GAVIN, J SCHLESINGER, M KARL, T TI COMPARISON OF OBSERVED SEASONAL TEMPERATURE MAXIMA, MINIMA AND DIURNAL RANGE IN NORTH-AMERICA WITH SIMULATIONS FROM 3 GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Minimax Workshop on Asymmetric Change of Daily Temperature Range CY SEP 27-30, 1993 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP US NOAA, Natl Environm Watch Project, US DOE, Global Change Res Program ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Confidence in model projections of climate change requires reasonably realistic simulation of present-day climate (Wilson and Mitchell, 1987; Beer, 1992). Accordingly, we compare surface air temperatures simulated in the control runs of three general circulation models (Canadian Climate Centre, Oregon State University, United Kingdom Meteorological Office) with observations in three regions of the central United States. The models simulate a smaller diurnal surface air temperature range, averaging overall 3.2 degrees C less than observed. Spring maxima are consistently lower in the models by an average of 4.1 degrees C. Although inadequate representation of clouds may contribute to the smaller simulated temperature range, the underlying cause of the differences is unknown. Since increased minima and decreased diurnal ranges are the most widely observed features of surface air temperature over the Northern Hemisphere continents during the last four decades, the discrepancy is a matter of concern for the projection of future greenhouse-gas-induced climate changes and their impacts. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28018. RP KUKLA, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00082-O PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM746 UT WOS:A1995RM74600022 ER PT J AU STRAUSBERG, SL ALEXANDER, PA GALLAGHER, DT GILLILAND, GL BARNETT, BL BRYAN, PN AF STRAUSBERG, SL ALEXANDER, PA GALLAGHER, DT GILLILAND, GL BARNETT, BL BRYAN, PN TI DIRECTED EVOLUTION OF A SUBTILISIN WITH CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT STABILITY SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EGLIN-C; BINDING; RESOLUTION; CARLSBERG; INHIBITOR; BPN' AB Extracellular proteases of the subtilisin-class depend upon calcium for stability. Calcium binding stabilizes these proteins in natural extracellular environments, but is an Achilles' heel in industrial environments which contain high concentrations of metal chelators. Here we direct the volution of calcium-independent stability in subtilisin BPN'. By deleting the calcium binding loop from subtilisin, we initially destabilize the protein but create the potential to use new structural solutions for stabilization. Analysis of the structure and stability of the loop-deleted prototype followed by directed mutagenesis and selection for increased stability resulted in a subtilisin mutant with native-like proteolytic activity but 1000-times greater stability in strongly chelating conditions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42560] NR 13 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 7 BP 669 EP 673 DI 10.1038/nbt0795-669 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RG360 UT WOS:A1995RG36000018 PM 9634803 ER PT J AU KASIANOWICZ, JJ BEZRUKOV, SM AF KASIANOWICZ, JJ BEZRUKOV, SM TI PROTONATION DYNAMICS OF THE ALPHA-TOXIN ION-CHANNEL FROM SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS OF PH-DEPENDENT CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HEMOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; TITRATION CURVES; SITE; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; SURFACE; WATER; HYPOTHESIS AB To probe protonation dynamics inside the fully open alpha-toxin ion channel, we measured the pH-dependent fluctuations in its current. In the presence of 1 M NaCl dissolved in H2O and positive applied potentials (from the side of protein addition), the low frequency noise exhibited a single well defined peak between pH 4.5 and 7.5. A simple model in which the current is assumed to change by equal amounts upon the reversible protonation of each of N identical ionizable residues inside the channel describes the data well, These results, and the frequency dependence of the spectral density at higher frequencies, allow us to evaluate the effective pK = 5.5, as well as the rate constants for the reversible protonation reactions: k(on) = 8 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and k(off) = 2.5 x 10(4) s(-1). The estimate of k(on) is only slightly less than the diffusion-limited values measured by others for protonation reactions for free carboxyl or imidazole residues. Substitution of H2O by D2O caused a 3.8-fold decrease in the dissociation rate constant and shifted the pK to 6.0. The decrease in the ionization rate constants caused by H2O/D2O substitution permitted the reliable measurement of the characteristic relaxation time over a wide range of D+ concentrations and voltages. The dependence of the relaxation time on D+ concentration strongly supports the first order reaction model. The voltage dependence of the low frequency spectral density suggests that the protonation dynamics are virtually insensitive to the applied potential while the rate-limiting barriers for NaCl transport are voltage dependent. The number of ionizable residues deduced from experiments in H2O (N = 4.2) and D2O (N = 4.1) is in good agreement. C1 NIH, STRUCT BIOL GRP, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, ST PETERS NUCL PHYS INST, GATCHINA, RUSSIA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV BIOTECHNOL, BIOSENSORS GRP, BLDG 222, RM A353, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 78 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 15 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 50 HAMPSHIRE ST, FLOOR 5, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA RH661 UT WOS:A1995RH66100010 PM 7545444 ER PT J AU DAWES, CJ HANISAK, D KENWORTHY, WJ AF DAWES, CJ HANISAK, D KENWORTHY, WJ TI SEAGRASS BIODIVERSITY IN THE INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon Conference CY FEB 15-16, 1994 CL HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST, FT PIERCE, FL SP Indian River Lagoon, Natl Estuary Program HO HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG OMST ID SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME KUTZ; HALOPHILA-DECIPIENS OSTENFELD; LEAF GROWTH; DRIFT ALGAE; FLORIDA; MACROPHYTES; JOHNSONII; ECOLOGY; MEADOWS; BIOMASS AB All six species of seagrasses known from the tropical western hemisphere as well as Halophila johnsonii grow in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Halodule wrightii is the most common species, but Syringodium filiforme may be locally more abundant. Thalassia testudinum is limited to the southern portion of the IRL. The three Halophila species, H. decipiens, H. englemannii, and H. johnsonii, form mixed or monotypic beds with the larger species, while Ruppia maritima is found in the most shallow areas and is the least common. A pronounced seasonal growth pattern is evident for all species with maximum growth in April-May and maximum biomass in June-July. Wide ranges in productivity have been reported for the three larger seagrasses with spring levels approaching those found in other coastal communities in Florida. The distribution and ecological importance of the three species of Halophila may be much greater than previously thought as shown by their abundance in deeper water, high productivity, and rapid turnover. The seagrass communities of the Indian River Lagoon have been shown to support a diverse epiphytic and drift macroalgal flora and function as a habitat, nursery and food source for epifauna, macrobenthos, and manatees. Given the ecological importance of seagrasses, a high priority for management of the Indian River Lagoon must include protection and enhancement of these communities. Selection of beds for management should consider ecological function of the species, biodiversity of associated fauna, and the level of continued anthropogenic impacts. C1 HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP DAWES, CJ (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL,TAMPA,FL 33620, USA. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 24 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RH265 UT WOS:A1995RH26500008 ER PT J AU GUTMAN, G TARPLEY, D IGNATOV, A OLSON, S AF GUTMAN, G TARPLEY, D IGNATOV, A OLSON, S TI THE ENHANCED NOAA GLOBAL LAND DATASET FROM THE ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE DATA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; COVER; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; WEATHER AB Global mapped data of reflected radiation in the visible (0.63 mu m) and near-infrared (0.85 mu m) wavebands of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites have been collected as the global vegetation index (GVI) dataset since 1982. Its primary objective has been vegetation studies (hence its title) using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculated from the visible and near-IR data. The second-generation GVI, which started in April 1985, has also included brightness temperatures in the thermal IR (11 and 12 mu m) and the associated observation-illumination geometry. This multiyear, multispectral, multisatellite dataset is a unique tool for global land studies. At the same time, it raises challenging remote sensing and data management problems with respect to uniformity in time, enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio, retrieval of geophysical parameters from satellite radiances, and large data volumes. The authors explored a four-level generic structure for processing AVHRR data-the first two levels being remote sensing oriented and the other two directed at environmental studies-and will describe the present status of each level. The uniformity of GVI data was improved by applying an updated calibration, and noise was reduced by applying a more accurate cloud-screening procedure. In addition to the enhanced weekly data (recalibrated with appended quality/cloud flags), the available land environmental products include monthly 0.15 degrees-resolution global maps of top-of-theatmosphere visible and near-IR reflectances, NDVI, brightness temperatures, and a precipitable water index for April 1985-September 1994. For the first time, a 5-yr monthly climatology (means and standard deviations) of each quantity was produced. These products show strong potential for detecting and analyzing largescale spatial and seasonal land variability. The data can also be used for educational purposes to illustrate the annual global dynamics of vegetation cover, albedo, temperature, and water vapor. Development of the GVI data product contributes to the activities of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment and, in particular, to the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project. Monthly standardized anomalies of the GVI variables have been calculated for April 1985-present and are routinely produced on UNIX workstations, thus providing a prototype land monitoring system. Standardized anomalies clearly indicate that strong signals at the land surface, such as droughts and floods and their teleconnections with such global environmental phenomena as El Nino-Southern Oscillation, can be detected and analyzed. The monitoring of relatively small year-to-year variability is, however, contingent on the removal of residual trends/noise in GVI data, which are of the order of the analyzed effects. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. RP GUTMAN, G (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ERA 12,SATELLITE RES LAB,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 57 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1141 EP 1156 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<1141:TENGLD>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM117 UT WOS:A1995RM11700001 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR BASTIAANS, LM GADOMSKI, FJ WEINBECK, RS ZEITLER, JW RAO, GV WARTHAN, HP HECKMAN, BE PAULEY, PM AF SMITH, DR BASTIAANS, LM GADOMSKI, FJ WEINBECK, RS ZEITLER, JW RAO, GV WARTHAN, HP HECKMAN, BE PAULEY, PM TI 4TH AMS SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its Fourth Symposium on Education in conjunction with the 75th Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas. The theme of the symposium was ''Opening the Doors to the Future: Education in the Classroom and Beyond.'' Thirty-eight oral presentations and 53 poster presentations summarized a variety of educational programs or examined issues of importance for both the precollege and university levels. There were also two joint sessions with other meetings. The K-12 education session was held as part of the 24th Conference on Broadcast Meteorology, in recognition of the contributions made by media meteorologists. The second joint session was with the 11th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology on new technologies for the classroom. Over 200 people representing a wide spectrum of the Society attended one or more of the sessions in this two-day conference, where they increased their awareness of educational initiatives of members and institutions associated with the AMS. C1 NASSAU CTY COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT PHYS SCI,GARDEN CITY,NY. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT EARTH SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR WEATHER SERV,NWS SW AGR,COLLEGE STN,TX. ST LOUIS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. TOWERS HIGH SCH,STONE MT,GA. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,COMET,BOULDER,CO. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT OCEANOG,572 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1219 EP 1224 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM117 UT WOS:A1995RM11700010 ER PT J AU KOPELEV, NS CHECHERSKY, V NATH, A WANG, ZL KUZMANN, E ZHANG, BS VIA, GH AF KOPELEV, NS CHECHERSKY, V NATH, A WANG, ZL KUZMANN, E ZHANG, BS VIA, GH TI ENCAPSULATION OF IRON CARBIDE IN CARBON NANOCAPSULES SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Whiskers of iron carbide encased in carbon shells have been prepared from iron(II) phthalocyanine. Solid FePc is oxygenated and then thermally treated under H-2 flow. With proper control of conditions, Fe3C free from metallic iron can be synthesized. The product was characterized with the help of Mossbauer effect spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The iron carbide whiskers range in length from 300 to 500 nm, and their widths are approximately 100 nm. The carbon coating is uniform and about 2.7 nm wide. C1 NIST, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, DEPT NUCL CHEM, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. EXXON RES & ENGN CO, ANNANDALE, NJ 08801 USA. RP KOPELEV, NS (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; Kuzmann, Erno/0000-0002-0183-6649 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1419 EP 1421 DI 10.1021/cm00055a022 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RK993 UT WOS:A1995RK99300022 ER PT J AU CHOI, MY MULHOLLAND, GW HAMINS, A KASHIWAGI, T AF CHOI, MY MULHOLLAND, GW HAMINS, A KASHIWAGI, T TI COMPARISONS OF THE SOOT VOLUME FRACTION USING GRAVIMETRIC AND LIGHT EXTINCTION TECHNIQUES SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; SMOKE; EMISSIONS AB Simultaneous optical and gravimetric measurements were performed in the postflame region of an acetylene/ air premixed flame where the temperature of the soot/gas mixture was reduced to 500 K through nitrogen dilution. By combining gravimetric measurements of the collected soot with soot density measurements using helium pycnometry, an accurate value of the soot volume fraction was obtained. The temperature and soot concentration profiles were measured to compare the line of sight light extinction measurement with the point sampling gravimetric measurements. The soot volume fraction obtained by light extinction measurements overestimated the actual soot volume fraction by about a factor of two. By calibrating the optical measurements with the gravimetric soot volume fractions, a dimensionless extinction coefficient, K-e, of 8.6 was measured. This value is conjectured to be applicable for soot generated for a variety of fuels and to be valid for extinction wavelengths in the visible to the near-infrared. It was also found that the mass specific light extinction coefficient was found to be 8.0 m(2)/g which is consistent with measurements reported in the literature for a variety of fuels. C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHOI, MY (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENGN MECH,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA. NR 28 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1995 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)00282-W PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA RG615 UT WOS:A1995RG61500012 ER PT J AU BULLARD, JW GARBOCZI, EJ CARTER, WC FULLER, ER AF BULLARD, JW GARBOCZI, EJ CARTER, WC FULLER, ER TI NUMERICAL-METHODS FOR COMPUTING INTERFACIAL MEAN-CURVATURE SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; MODEL; AGGREGATION; SIMULATION; KINETICS AB A procedure is described for computing the mean curvature along condensed phase interfaces in two or three dimensions, without knowledge of the spatial derivatives of the interface. For any point P on the interface, the method consists of computing the portion of volume enclosed by a small template sphere, centered on P, that lies on one side of the interface. That portion of the template volume is shown to be linear in the mean curvature of the surface, relative to the phase lying on the opposite side of the interface, to within terms that can usually be made negligible. An analogous procedure is described in two dimensions. Application of the procedure to compute the mean curvature along a digitized surface is demonstrated. A burning algorithm can be included to improve computational accuracy for interfaces having sharp curvature fluctuations. A minor extension of the method allows computation of the orientation of an interfacial element relative to a fixed reference frame. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 4 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0927-0256(95)00014-H PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA RV270 UT WOS:A1995RV27000001 ER PT J AU BROWN, RW AF BROWN, RW TI CONDUCTING AN EFFECTIVE MANUSCRIPT REVIEW SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article RP BROWN, RW (reprint author), NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 1995 VL 20 IS 7 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG501 UT WOS:A1995RG50100016 ER PT J AU IANELLI, JN HEIFETZ, J AF IANELLI, JN HEIFETZ, J TI DECISION-ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE HARVEST POLICIES FOR THE GULF OF ALASKA PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH FISHERY SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DECISION ANALYSIS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH; STOCK-RECRUITMENT ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; HARVEST POLICIES AB By the mid-1970s the estimated biomass of Pacific ocean perch (POP), Sebastes alutus, in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) had been reduced to about 10% of the estimated level present during the early 1960s. Although fishing mortality was greatly reduced, the stock has shown only modest increases in biomass; the current estimate of spawner biomass is between 15% and 20% of the estimated peak levels. This decline has raised concern that past management measures may have been inadequate to allow growth of the POP stock in the GOA. Consequently, we performed an analysis to: (a) identify optimal fishing rates for rockfish species such as Pacific ocean perch, (b) identify the biomass level that would produce an optimum yield, and (c) evaluate alternative fishing policies designed to improve the condition of the POP resource. The selection of an optimal fishing rate for POP in the GOA was based on a maximin criterion, Recruitment variability was shown to play an important role in determining the effects of different harvest policies. Based on estimates of optimal biomass and fishing mortality rates, four alternative harvest policies were developed and evaluated using a stochastic simulation model. These policies ranged from harvests based on rates under the status quo policy to increasingly restrictive measures, Policy outcomes were measured in terms of yield in weight and dollar-value, female spawner biomass, and risks. We presented the results in the form of Bayesian decision tables. The ability to predict future stock levels with a high degree of certainty is poor. In no case is there a guarantee that rebuilding will occur. RP IANELLI, JN (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BIN C15700,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(95)94406-G PG 29 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RM338 UT WOS:A1995RM33800004 ER PT J AU ABLE, KW FAHAY, MP SHEPHERD, GR AF ABLE, KW FAHAY, MP SHEPHERD, GR TI EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF BLACK-SEA BASS, CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA IN THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT AND A NEW-JERSEY ESTUARY SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; BAY AB This study focuses on composite field collections and in situ observations from the mid-Atlantic Eight continental shelf and a New Jersey estuary in order to elucidate aspects of the early life history of age 0+ black sea bass, Centropristis striata. Spawning in the mid-Atlantic Eight is prolonged (April through November, with a peak between June and September) and is most intense in the southern portion of this range. Between 1977 and 1987, larvae were collected between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Long Island, New York. In New Jersey coastal waters larvae first appear in July but can occur into November. Recently settled individuals (15-24 mm total length [TL]) were collected at an inner continental shelf site and an adjacent estuary from July through October. By fall, fishes from these areas were 18-91 mm TL, and many had moved offshore from New Jersey estuarine waters and other estuaries to inner continental shelf waters between southern Massachusetts and Cape Hatteras. Subsequently, they continued to move offshore and during their first winter, they were concentrated near the shelf or slope break in the southern portion of the mid-Atlantic Eight. Some age 0+ individuals moved back into New Jersey estuaries in early spring, at sizes approximating those of the previous fall (50-96 mm TL). Thus, black sea bass reach relatively small sizes after 12 months of growth partly because little or no growth occurs during their first winter. This year class reached sizes of 78-175 mm TL by midsummer and 134-225 mm TL by the following fall. During summer, benthic juveniles were collected or observed primarily in a variety of structured habitats. On the inner continental shelf they were found among accumulations of surfclam Spisula solidissima valves or among smaller pieces of shell, and occasionally in burrows in exposed clay. While in the estuary, they were collected from areas with a variety of structured habitats, such as shell accumulations in marsh creeks and peat banks. The data suggest that during their first summer, black sea bass have similar densities and growth rates in estuarine and inner continental shelf habitats, and thus both areas serve as nurseries. C1 SANDY HOOK LAB,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732. WOODS HOLE LAB,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP ABLE, KW (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,MARINE FIELD STN,800 GREAT BAY BLVD,TUCKERTON,NJ 08087, USA. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 429 EP 445 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000001 ER PT J AU ADAMS, PB BUTLER, JL BAXTER, CH LAIDIG, TE DAHLIN, KA WAKEFIELD, WW AF ADAMS, PB BUTLER, JL BAXTER, CH LAIDIG, TE DAHLIN, KA WAKEFIELD, WW TI POPULATION ESTIMATES OF PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISHES FROM VIDEO TRANSECTS AND SWEPT-AREA TRAWLS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CATCH; ABUNDANCE AB Demersal fish surveys are used for two purposes: to detect trends in multispecies communities for environmental assessment and to provide fishery independent stock assessments for management. We compared remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and swept-area trawl surveys to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for these two purposes. ROV abundance estimates tended to be higher and have lower coefficients of variation than did trawl abundance estimates. This trend is greatest for benthic species and particularly so for small, cylindrically shaped fishes. For patchily distributed, off-bottom fishes such as rockfish, Sebastes spp., sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, and Pacific whiting, Merluccius products, the results vary between ROV and trawl estimates. For environmental assessment, the ROV estimates are superior because, for most species, abundances are higher and smaller changes can be detected. For fisheries management of commercially important species, the results are divided. Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus, and thornyheads, Sebastolobus spp., have higher ROV abundance estimates and lower coefficients of variation than the trawl. Sablefish, which exhibit more off-bottom behavior, have higher trawl estimates at two of three depths. The ROV and trawl provide different types of information not available from other gear. Much of the difference between the two types of surveys stems from the nature of the sampling gear and from the behavior, body shape, and size of the fishes. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. UNIV ALASKA,SCH FISHERIES & OCEANS SCI,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP ADAMS, PB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 15 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 446 EP 455 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000002 ER PT J AU FERRERO, RC WALKER, WA AF FERRERO, RC WALKER, WA TI GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE COMMON DOLPHIN, DELPHINUS-DELPHIS LINNAEUS, IN THE OFFSHORE WATERS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; STENELLA-ATTENUATA AB A total of 707 common dolphins, Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, (376 males and 331 females) taken in Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese drift nets in the central North Pacific Ocean from February to November 1990 and 1991 were examined. Sex, total length, date, and location of capture were recorded. Biological samples were collected from 152 of the dolphins examined (93 males and 59 females). Ages were determined by counting dentinal layers. Female reproductive status was determined by macroscopic examination of ovaries (n=43). Eight females were mature, two were pregnant, three were resting, two were lactating, and one was of unknown condition. Testes and epididymes were examined for evidence of spermatogenesis (n=70); 21 males were mature. A preliminary estimate of gestation period was 11.1 months. The sex ratio appeared to favor males; segregation during the sampling period may be responsible for differences from 1.0. Male average age at sexual maturation was estimated to be 10.5 years. The largest sexually immature male was 179 cm; the smallest sexually mature was 182 cm. Mature testis weights ranged from 273.2 g to 1,190 g. Females reached sexual maturation at about 8.0 years; estimates of length at sexual maturation were 172.8 and 170.7 cm. Predicted asymptotic lengths for males and females were 188.1 cm and 179.4 cm, respectively. Calving appeared to peak in May and June. Sampling effort moved northward through September; infrequent sampling of parturient females and neonates during the projected calving mode suggests they were segregated outside the fishing area at that time. RP FERRERO, RC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 483 EP 494 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000005 ER PT J AU POWELL, AB HENLEY, T AF POWELL, AB HENLEY, T TI EGG AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY-REARED GULF FLOUNDER, PARALICHTHYS ALBIGUTTA, AND SOUTHERN FLOUNDER, P-LETHOSTIGMA (PISCES, PARALICHTHYIDAE) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The egg and larval development of Paralichthys albigutta (gulf flounder) and P. lethostigma (southern flounder) are described from laboratory-reared and field-collected specimens. Paralichthys albigutta eggs and oil globules had a mean diameter of 0.87 mm (range: 0.84-0.90 mm) and 0.18 mm (range: 0.17-0.19 mm), respectively. Paralichthys lethostigma eggs and oil globules had a mean diameter of 0.91 mm (range: 0.84-0.96 mm) and 0.18 mm (range: 0.16-0.20 mm), respectively. Recently hatched P. albigutta larvae ranged from 1.8 to 2.2 mm in notochord length (NL) and P. lethostigma from 2.0 to 2.2 mm NL. Pigment on embryos and newly hatched larvae was relatively more developed for P. albigutta. Almost-paired and almost-contiguous ventral midline melanophores occurred on preflexion larvae of both species and remained throughout the larval stages. Pigment on the maxillary, vomer, dorsum of the mid-brain, lateral surface of the caudal area, lateral surface of gut, and extent of pigment along the ventral midline of the isthmus were used to separate laboratory-reared P. albigutta from P. lethostigma. However, this pigment was less useful in separating field-collected material. The number of cranial spines appeared to be diagnostic in separating laboratory-reared early-preflexion larvae. Paralichthys lethostigma consistently had three cranial spines, whereas P. albigutta had less than three spines. The development of meristic characters was considered the most useful character in separating P. albigutta from P. lethostigma because at any given size P. albigutta was generally more developed than P. lethostigma. RP POWELL, AB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 504 EP 515 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000007 ER PT J AU SAKUMA, KM LARSON, RJ AF SAKUMA, KM LARSON, RJ TI DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC METAMORPHIC-STAGE SANDDABS CITHARICHTHYS SORDIDUS AND C-STIGMAEUS WITHIN AREAS OF UPWELLING OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; COASTAL WATERS; DOVER SOLE; RECRUITMENT; GROWTH; LARVAE; EVENTS; AGE AB Upwelling and its associated offshore advection of surface waters can affect the recruitment of nearshore organisms. Late-stage pelagic Pacific and speckled sanddabs, Citharichthys sordidus and C. stigmaeus, were collected with a midwater trawl off central California during the spring and summer upwelling season. In both species, otolith size increased linearly with metamorphic development; standard length, however, increased asymptotically. Earlier stages of both species occurred shallower in the water column, whereas later stages occurred deeper. The deeper distribution of later stages may have been due to decreased buoyancy as a result of increased otolith size and ossification of bony structures coincident with metamorphosis. Earlier stages of both species were more abundant offshore and less abundant in areas of upwelling, whereas later stages were more abundant nearshore regardless of upwelling. The difference in the horizontal distributions of early and late stages may have been passively driven by different current patterns as a result of the difference in vertical distributions between early and late stages. C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94132. RP SAKUMA, KM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 516 EP 529 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000008 ER PT J AU FITZHUGH, GR HETTLER, WF AF FITZHUGH, GR HETTLER, WF TI TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLE DEGENERATION IN ATLANTIC MENHADEN, BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID SPAWNING FREQUENCY; FECUNDITY C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. NR 17 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 568 EP 572 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000012 ER PT J AU RENAUD, ML CARPENTER, JA WILLIAMS, JA MANZELLATIRPAK, SA AF RENAUD, ML CARPENTER, JA WILLIAMS, JA MANZELLATIRPAK, SA TI ACTIVITIES OF JUVENILE GREEN TURTLES, CHELONIA-MYDAS, AT A JETTIED PASS IN SOUTH TEXAS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID SEA TURTLES C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,GALVESTON,TX 77553. RP RENAUD, ML (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,GALVESTON LAB,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 3 BP 586 EP 593 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RG190 UT WOS:A1995RG19000015 ER PT J AU JAGER, H DESHLER, T HOFMANN, DJ AF JAGER, H DESHLER, T HOFMANN, DJ TI MIDLATITUDE LIDAR BACKSCATTER CONVERSIONS BASED ON BALLOONBORNE AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PINATUBO AEROSOL; EL-CHICHON; MASS; EXTINCTION; ERUPTIONS; SIZE AB Aerosol size distributions derived from balloon-borne particle counter data from Laramie, WY, are used to calculate ratios of extinction, mass, and surface area to lidar backscatter at the widely used lidar wavelength of 532 nn. The results cover the range of the stratospheric aerosol layer from the tropopause to 30 km. These ratios may be used to infer particle extinction, mass, and surface area from midlatitude lidar backscatter data for the period late 1979 to 1993. This period includes the major volcanic eruptions of El Chicon and Pinatubo. The wavelength dependence of aerosol backscatter in the visible was calculated for the period 1991 to 1993 to allow conversions of the results to other lidar wavelengths. The wavelength dependence is similar to estimates from southern hemisphere midlatitude measurements indicating that these conversions may also be applied to southern hemisphere midlatitude lidar measurements. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP JAGER, H (reprint author), IFU,FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM RES,KREUZECKBAHNSTR 19,D-82467 GARMISCH PARTENKI,GERMANY. RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1729 EP 1732 DI 10.1029/95GL01521 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RK059 UT WOS:A1995RK05900024 ER PT J AU PORTMANN, RW THOMAS, GE SOLOMON, S GARCIA, RR AF PORTMANN, RW THOMAS, GE SOLOMON, S GARCIA, RR TI THE IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS ON DOUBLED CO2-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE MESOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; OZONE AB The Garcia-Solomon two-dimensional model was used to study the effect of doubled carbon-dioxide on the middle atmosphere. The model. has been improved to include non-LTE CO2 cooling in the 15 micron band above 70 km and new chemical heating and heating efficiencies. The effect of doubling CO2 on the temperature is found to be large at the stratopause (about 10-12K cooling) and at the mesopause (about 6-12K cooling). In the stratosphere, dynamical feedbacks on the heating rate caused by the temperature changes are small compared to the radiative changes while in the mesosphere they can be large. In fact, calculations with the present dynamical heating rates used in the doubled CO2 energy equation indicate that the radiative forcing alone could cause a temperature increase of about 10K in the polar summer mesopause region. The dynamical feedbacks which oppose this positive radiative forcing are discussed. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV COLORADO,LASP,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT APAS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP PORTMANN, RW (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,R-E-AL8,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1733 EP 1736 DI 10.1029/95GL01432 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RK059 UT WOS:A1995RK05900025 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE FORSYTH, J LEPPING, RP AF GOSLING, JT MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE FORSYTH, J LEPPING, RP TI A CME-DRIVEN SOLAR-WIND DISTURBANCE OBSERVED AT BOTH LOW AND HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULYSSES AB A solar wind disturbance produced by a fast coronal mass ejection, CME, that departed from the Sun on Feburary 20, 1994 was observed in the ecliptic plane at 1 AU by IMP 8 and at high heliographic latitudes at 3.53 AU by Ulysses. In the ecliptic the disturbance included a strong forward shock but no reverse shock, while at high latitudes the disturbance was bounded by a relatively weak forward-reverse shock pair. It is clear that the disturbance in the ecliptic plane was driven primarily by the relative speed between the CME and a slower ambient solar wind ahead, whereas at higher latitudes the disturbance was driven by expansion of the CME. The combined IMP 8 and Ulysses observations thus provide a graphic illustration of how a single fast CME can produce very different types of solar wind disturbances at low and high heliographic latitudes. Simple numerical simulations help explain observed differences at the two spacecraft. C1 NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL, BLACKETT LAB, LONDON SW7 2BZ, ENGLAND. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MS D466, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1753 EP 1756 DI 10.1029/95GL01776 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA RK059 UT WOS:A1995RK05900030 ER PT J AU RUSHMEIER, H HAMINS, A CHOI, MY AF RUSHMEIER, H HAMINS, A CHOI, MY TI VOLUME RENDERING OF POOL FIRE DATA SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60680. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSHMEIER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,RM B-146,BLDG 225,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Rushmeier, Holly/0000-0001-5241-0886 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1109/38.391493 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA RE684 UT WOS:A1995RE68400013 ER PT J AU TROKHIMOVSKI, YG BOLOTNIKOVA, GA ETKIN, VS GRECHKO, SI KUZMIN, AV AF TROKHIMOVSKI, YG BOLOTNIKOVA, GA ETKIN, VS GRECHKO, SI KUZMIN, AV TI DEPENDENCE OF S-BAND SEA-SURFACE BRIGHTNESS AND TEMPERATURE ON WIND VECTOR AT NORMAL INCIDENCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Note ID MICROWAVE EMISSION AB Aircraft measurements of the S-band sea surface brightness temperature at nadir as a function of wind speed and wind direction were carried out in various regions in 1985-1989. Data set of 65 circular flights was analyzed. It is shown that for water temperature recovering the wind direction is to be taken into account. C1 IKI RAN,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP TROKHIMOVSKI, YG (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ETL,ET5,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1088 DI 10.1109/36.406696 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RQ874 UT WOS:A1995RQ87400028 ER PT J AU WALLS, FL VIG, JR AF WALLS, FL VIG, JR TI FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS ON THE FREQUENCY STABILITIES OF CRYSTAL-OSCILLATORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ OSCILLATORS; VACUUM CHAMBER AB The frequency instabilities of precision bulk acoustic wave (BAW) quartz crystal oscillators are reviewed, The fundamental limits on the achievable frequency stabilities, and the degree to which the fundamental limits have been approached to date are examined, Included are the instabilities as a function of time, temperature, acceleration, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, humidity, atmospheric pressure, power supply, and load impedance. Most of the fundamental limits are zero or negligibly small, a few are finite, We speculate about the progress which may be achievable in the future with respect to approaching the fundamental limits, Suggestions are provided about the paths that may lead to significant stability improvements. C1 USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP WALLS, FL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Vig, John/0000-0002-2378-0113 NR 107 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 576 EP 589 DI 10.1109/58.393101 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA RJ074 UT WOS:A1995RJ07400012 ER PT J AU BESSERIS, GJ KIEFER, JH ZHANG, Q WALKER, JA TSANG, W AF BESSERIS, GJ KIEFER, JH ZHANG, Q WALKER, JA TSANG, W TI THE UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION OF 3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN OVER A WIDE TEMPERATURE-RANGE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS AB The thermal decomposition of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP, C5H8O) has been investigated by two methods: in shock waves with the laser-schlieren technique using mixtures of 5 and 10% DHP in krypton over 900-1500 K, 110-560 torr; in a flow tube having a reaction pressure 0.5 torr above atmospheric, using the decomposition of allylethyl ether as an internal standard, and covering 663-773 K. The retro-Diels-Alder dissociation to the stable acrolein and ethylene is the dominant channel for all conditions. Precise rate constants (rms deviation of 10%) were obtained for this process over the indicated temperature ranges. Unimolecular fall off is evident in the shock-tube results, and RRKM calculations also predict a slight falloff at the lower temperatures. These RRKM calculations use a routine vibration model transition state and agree closely with the high-temperature data when [Delta E](down) is a fixed 400 cm(-1). Arrhenius expressions for K-x derived from the two measurements are in close accord and also consistent with most previous studies of this reaction. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 NIST, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP BESSERIS, GJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT CHEM ENGN, CHICAGO, IL 60680 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 7 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1002/kin.550270708 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RD533 UT WOS:A1995RD53300007 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, DP GOODWIN, ARH SENGERS, JMHL AF FERNANDEZ, DP GOODWIN, ARH SENGERS, JMHL TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY OF LIQUID WATER AT FREQUENCIES IN THE RANGE OF 0.1 TO 10 KHZ AND AT TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 273.1 AND 373.2 K AT AMBIENT-PRESSURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AUDIOFREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; COAXIAL-CYLINDER CAPACITOR; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODE-POLARIZATION CORRECTION; STATIC DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; SAMPLE PURIFICATION; WATER ID STATIC DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT AB The static relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of water has been determined from capacitance measurements at frequencies between 0.1 and 10 kHz, in the temperature range from 273.2 to 373.2 K at ambient pressure. The capacitor used for these measurements was formed from sapphire-insulated concentric cylinders. The specific conductance of the water used was maintained within 20% of the lowest value ever observed, which is better than in all previous experiments in this range. The new data shed some light on a discrepancy between sets of literature data in liquid water between the triple and boiling points. C1 NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. COMIS NACL ENERGIA ATOM,DEPT QUIM REACTORES,RA-1429 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 929 EP 955 DI 10.1007/BF02093474 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA RM315 UT WOS:A1995RM31500007 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, RM BERNSTEIN, BC MURAKAMI, M STOSSMEISTER, G REISNER, J STANKOV, B AF RASMUSSEN, RM BERNSTEIN, BC MURAKAMI, M STOSSMEISTER, G REISNER, J STANKOV, B TI THE 1990 VALENTINE DAY ARCTIC OUTBREAK .1. MESOSCALE AND MICROSCALE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF A COLORADO FRONT RANGE SHALLOW UPSLOPE CLOUD SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; COLD-FRONT; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; STORMS; GROWTH; WARM; TROPOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT; DROPLET AB The mesoscale and microscale structure and evolution of a shallow, upslope cloud is described using observations obtained during the Winter Icing and Storms Project(WISP) and model simulations. The upslope cloud formed within a shallow arctic air mass that moved into the region east of the Rocky Mountains between 12 and 16 February and contained significant amounts of supercooled liquid water for nearly 30 h. Two distinct layers were evident in the cloud. The lower layer was near neutral stability( boundary layer air) and contained easterly upslope flow. The upper layer (frontal transition zone) was thermodynamically stable and contained southerly flow. Overlying the upslope cloud was a dry, southwesterly flow of 20-25 m s(-1), resulting in strong wind shear near cloud top. Within 10 km of the Rocky Mountain barrier, easterly low-level flow was lifted up and over the mountains. The above-described kinematic and thermodynamic structure produced three distinct mechanisms leading to the production of supercooled liquid water: 1) upslope flow over the gently rising terrain leading into the Colorado Front Range, up the slopes of the Rocky Mountains and over local ridges, 2) upglide flow within a frontal transition zone, and 3) turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. Supercooled liquid water was also produced by 1) upward motion at the leading edge of three cold surges and 2) vertical motion produced by low-level convergence in the surface wind field. Large cloud droplets were present near the top of this cloud (approximately 50-mu m diameter), which grew by a direct coalescence process into freezing drizzle in regions of the storm where the liquid water content was greater than 0.25 g m(-3) and vertical velocity was at least 10 cm s(-1). Ice crystal concentrations greater than 1 L(-1) were observed in the lower cloud layer containing boundary layer air when the top of the boundary layer was colder than -12 degrees C. The upper half of the cloud was ice-free despite temperatures as low as -15 degrees C, resulting in long-lived supercooled liquid water in this region of the cloud. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP RASMUSSEN, RM (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,RAP,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1481 EP 1511 DI 10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1481 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE824 UT WOS:A1995RE82400001 ER PT J AU FUELBERG, HE RAO, PA HILLGER, DW AF FUELBERG, HE RAO, PA HILLGER, DW TI CLUSTERING OF SATELLITE SOUNDING RADIANCES TO INVESTIGATE INTENSE LOW-LEVEL HUMIDITY GRADIENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VAS SPLIT WINDOW; RETRIEVALS; WATER AB Satellite-derived profiles of temperature and dewpoint (retrievals) are obtained using radiance data from the Visible-Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder. Individual fields of view that are input to the retrieval algorithm must be horizontally averaged to provide suitable signal-to-noise ratios. This paper investigates three methods for performing this averaging: 1) a blocking approach that is employed operationally, 2) a manual procedure that seeks to maximize atmospheric gradients, and 3) an objective procedure called clustering that takes advantage of similarities in satellite measurements to avoid smearing the gradient information. The three techniques are examined on 10-11 July 1989 when intense gradients of humidity were present over the Florida peninsula. Results show that the clustering scheme produced retrievals that were very similar to those obtained manually. Both schemes indicated strong humidity gradients in the lower troposphere. The blocking procedure produced less intense gradients. The retrieval information is used to examine conditions leading to fair weather on 10 July but intense thunderstorm development on 11 July. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COOPERAT INST RES ATMOSPHERE,NOAA NESDIS REG & MESOSCALE METEOROL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP FUELBERG, HE (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306, USA. RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1535 DI 10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1525 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE824 UT WOS:A1995RE82400003 ER PT J AU MCMILLIN, LM CROSBY, DS GOLDBERG, MD AF MCMILLIN, LM CROSBY, DS GOLDBERG, MD TI A WATER-VAPOR INDEX FROM SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATOLOGY; RADIANCES; HUMIDITY AB A method for deriving a water vapor index is presented. An important feature of the index is the fact that it does not rely on radiosondes. Thus, it is not influenced by problems associated with radiosondes and the extent to which the horizontal variability of moisture invalidates the extrapolations from radiosonde measurements to satellite measurements. The index is derived by using channels that are insensitive to changes in moisture to predict a brightness temperature for one of the moisture channels and then by subtracting this predicted value from the observation. The predicted value represents the moisture value expected for the given temperature profile, and the difference between the predicted and measured values is the index. The subtraction removes the variability due to changes in atmospheric temperature from the moisture signal. This separation greatly enhances the ability to monitor atmospheric moisture patterns, especially near the ground and at high latitudes where some alternative methods have difficulties. The ability of the indices to display moisture patterns at all levels and latitudes is demonstrated. RP MCMILLIN, LM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,PHYS BRANCH,E-RA 14,WWB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1551 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE824 UT WOS:A1995RE82400005 ER PT J AU EGELHOFF, WF HA, T MISRA, RDK KADMON, Y NIR, J POWELL, CJ STILES, MD MCMICHAEL, RD LIN, CL SIVERTSEN, JM JUDY, JH TAKANO, K BERKOWITZ, AE ANTHONY, TC BRUG, JA AF EGELHOFF, WF HA, T MISRA, RDK KADMON, Y NIR, J POWELL, CJ STILES, MD MCMICHAEL, RD LIN, CL SIVERTSEN, JM JUDY, JH TAKANO, K BERKOWITZ, AE ANTHONY, TC BRUG, JA TI MAGNETORESISTANCE VALUES EXCEEDING 21-PERCENT IN SYMMETRICAL SPIN VALVES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; MULTILAYERS; FILMS; NIO; SUPERLATTICES; NI81FE19; COO C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,CTR MICROMAGNET & INFORMAT TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,CTR MICROMAGNET & INFORMAT TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. HEWLETT PACKARD LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP EGELHOFF, WF (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 23 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1063/1.360692 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RE582 UT WOS:A1995RE58200038 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, PA CLARK, NA AF WILLIAMS, PA CLARK, NA TI DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROCLINIC PARAMETERS IN THE LIQUID-CRYSTAL W317 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-MODE; PHASE; TILT C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,CONDENSED MATTER LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WILLIAMS, PA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1063/1.360618 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RE582 UT WOS:A1995RE58200060 ER PT J AU ARCHER, DG AF ARCHER, DG TI ENTHALPY INCREMENT MEASUREMENTS FROM 4.5 TO 318 K FOR BISMUTH(CR) - THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES FROM 0 K TO THE MELTING-POINT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC SAPPHIRE ALPHA-AL2O3; TEMPERATURE-SCALE DIFFERENCES; HEAT-CAPACITY; ADIABATIC CALORIMETER; 30 K; COPPER; STANDARD; 300-K; ENTROPIES AB Enthalpy increments for bismuth(cr) were measured from 4.5 to 318 K with an adiabatic calorimeter. The calorimeter's performance was demonstrated through comparison of measured enthalpy increments for copper and aluminum oxide to literature values. The effect that different temperature scales had on these comparisons for copper at low temperatures was discussed. The new enthalpy increments for bismuth(cr) were combined with previously measured thermodynamic properties for temperatures below 4 K and above 300 K in order to generate the thermodynamic properties of bismuth(cr) from 0 K to the melting point. RP ARCHER, DG (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1024 DI 10.1021/je00020a064 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA RJ942 UT WOS:A1995RJ94200065 ER PT J AU XU, LH ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT AF XU, LH ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT TI STUDY OF THE OVERTONE C-O STRETCHING BAND OF METHANOL BY MULTIPLE RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM; CH3OH; CM-1 RP XU, LH (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1063/1.469653 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RF726 UT WOS:A1995RF72600003 ER PT J AU DULIEU, O JULIENNE, PS AF DULIEU, O JULIENNE, PS TI COUPLED-CHANNEL BOUND-STATES CALCULATIONS FOR ALKALI DIMERS USING THE FOURIER GRID METHOD SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; B 3-PI-U STATES; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ULTRACOLD SODIUM; PHOTOASSOCIATION; ATOMS; NA2; PERTURBATIONS; 1-SIGMA-U+ C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DULIEU, O (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,AIME COTTON LAB,BAT 505,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1063/1.469622 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RF726 UT WOS:A1995RF72600008 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WS MCPHADEN, MJ AF KESSLER, WS MCPHADEN, MJ TI OCEANIC EQUATORIAL WAVES AND THE 1991-93 EL-NINO SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; ROSSBY WAVES; SEA-LEVEL; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-CONTENT; BASIC STATE; MODEL; KELVIN; REFLECTION AB Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves associated with the 1991-93 El Nino warm event were detected in temperature observations made by the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy array. Intraseasonal Kelvin waves were a prominent part of equatorial thermocline depth variability and were well represented by a simple model consisting only of first- and second-mode baroclinic Kelvin waves. The second mode was essential to properly represent the observed amplitude. Thermocline depth variability at 5 degrees N and 5 degrees S was dominated by annual and interannual Rossby waves, which were found to have been largely wind forced in midbasin, with little if any signal associated with eastern boundary reflection. An evaluation of the Wyrtki buildup hypothesis and the delayed oscillator hypothesis in connection with the 1991-93 events showed that a long lag (about two years) occurred between the arrival of the downwelling signal in the west and the subsequent initiation of El Nino; this was considerably longer than suggested by delayed oscillator theory. No downwelling Rossby wave reflections occurred at the right time to trigger the onset of the 1991-92 warm event. Termination of the 1991-92 El Nino was due to an upwelling Rossby wave generated during the height of the warm episode, then reflected from the western boundary, consistent with delayed oscillator ideas. However, in early 1993, a second (weaker) warm episode occurred against the background of a very anomalously shallow west Pacific thermocline. This shows that the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle cannot be viewed simply as an oscillator mediated by the western boundary reflection of equatorial Rossby waves and that a buildup of a thick warm layer in the west is not a prerequisite to the occurrence of El Nino. RP KESSLER, WS (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,OCRD,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 76 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1757 EP 1774 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK219 UT WOS:A1995RK21900003 ER PT J AU STENSRUD, DJ GALL, RL MULLEN, SL HOWARD, KW AF STENSRUD, DJ GALL, RL MULLEN, SL HOWARD, KW TI MODEL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE MEXICAN MONSOON SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS; GULF AB The Mexican monsoon is a significant feature in the climate of the southwestern United States and Mexico during the summer months. Rainfall in northwestern Mexico during the months of July through September accounts for 60% to 80% of the total annual rainfall, while rainfall in Arizona for these same months accounts for over 40% of the total annual rainfall. Deep convection during the monsoon season produces frequent damaging surface winds, flash flooding, and hail and is a difficult forecast problem. Past numerical simulations frequently have been unable to reproduce the widespread, heavy rains over Mexico and the southwestern United States associated with the monsoon. The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model is used to simulate 32 successive 24-h periods during the monsoon season. Mean fields produced by the model simulations are compared against observations to validate the ability of the model to reproduce many of the observed features, including the large-scale midtropospheric wind field, southerly low-level winds over the Gulf of California, and the heavy rains over western Mexico: Preliminary analysis of the mean model fields also suggest that the Gulf of California is the dominant moisture source for deep convection over Mexico and the southwestern United States, with upslope flow along the Sierra Madre Occidental advecting low-level gulf moisture into western Mexico during the daytime and Southerly flow at the northern end of the gulf advecting gulf moisture into Arizona on most days. These results illustrate the usefulness of four-dimensional data assimilation techniques to create proxy datasets containing realistic mesoscale features that can be used fbr detailed diagnostic studies. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, TUCSON, AZ USA. RP NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, ERL, NOAA, 1313 HALLEY CIRCLE, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. NR 42 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1794 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1775:MCOTMM>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK219 UT WOS:A1995RK21900004 ER PT J AU HOERLING, MP TING, MF KUMAR, A AF HOERLING, MP TING, MF KUMAR, A TI ZONAL FLOW-STATIONARY WAVE RELATIONSHIP DURING EL-NINO - IMPLICATIONS FOR SEASONAL FORECASTING SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MEAN FLOW; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SIMPLE-MODEL; ANOMALIES; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM; DYNAMICS AB An analysis of the Northern Hemispheric zonal mean flow anomalies during El Nino is performed, and the dynamical effect of such atmospheric flows on the wintertime climatological stationary waves over the Pacific/ North American (PNA) region is assessed. Only in the subtropical latitudes can one identify a statistically significant zonal flow anomaly during the El Ninos of the historical record, Strong zonal flow anomalies in the midlatitudes are observed during individual El Nino events, although these appear to be manifestations of chaotic atmospheric behavior. The observational results are confirmed by GCM climate simulations using prescribed SSTs for the 1982-93 period. The principal SST-forced zonal flow signal in these experiments is located on the equatorward flank of the subtropical jet. Using a linear diagnostic model, the authors find the climatological stationary waves over the PNA region to be insensitive to zonal mean flow anomalies in the subtropics. On the other hand, zonal mean anomalies in the midlatitudes are found to induce large amplitude stationary wave anomalies, and these resemble the Pacific/North American pattern. The zonal/eddy effect may thus account for an important fraction of the interannual variability of the wintertime North American climate, although this component is evidently unpredictable from boundary-forced experiments only. Further evidence is derived from GCM hindcasts for the 1986/87 and 1991/92 El Nino winters. A lack of model skill in predicting the observed midlatitude zonal flow anomalies for these cases is shown to place a limit on the accuracy of boundary-forced simulations of North American seasonal climate anomalies. Seasonal forecasts may yet benefit from the zonal-eddy relationship in view of the fact that the upper-tropospheric zonal flow anomalies in midlatitudes are frequently long-lived, It is thus possible that inclusion of initial atmospheric conditions, together with relevant boundary information, will be more skillful than just boundary-forced simulations alone. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. RP HOERLING, MP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1838 EP 1852 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1838:ZFWRDE>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RK219 UT WOS:A1995RK21900007 ER PT J AU GRESH, N STEVENS, WJ KRAUSS, M AF GRESH, N STEVENS, WJ KRAUSS, M TI MONO-LIGATED AND POLY-LIGATED COMPLEXES OF ZN2+ - AN AB-INITIO ANALYSIS OF THE METAL-LIGAND INTERACTION ENERGY SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; FORCE-FIELD; METALLOPROTEINS; DECOMPOSITION; EFFICIENT; WATER; ATOMS; BOND AB Detailed investigation of the binding energetics of Zn2+ to biologically relevant model. Ligands has been performed by large basis set restricted Hartree-Fock computations. This list includes neutral and anionic ligands that model the sidechains of the amino acid residues of proteins as well as those involved in binding to the metal during enzymatic activation: water, formaldehyde, formamide, imadazole, methylthiol, and the formate, hydroxyl, methoxy, methylthiolate anions. The decomposition of the intermolecular interaction energy into its components (Coulomb, exchange, polarization, and charge transfer) has been done within the frozen fragment reduced variational space procedure (RVS) developed by Stevens and Fink [W. J. Stevens and W. H. Fink, Chem. Phys. Lett., 139, 15 (1987)]. The use of the RVS procedure was dictated by the very large magnitudes of the second-order interaction energy terms in the divalent cation complexes and the need to obtain polarization and charge-transfer contributions in a variational sense. The behavior of the interaction energy with radial and angular variation of the approach of the metal to the ligand is explored. In addition, the nonadditive behavior of polyligated complexes is studied for water and formate. This will also provide the data for a subsequent fit to a molecular mechanics procedure that considers the second-order interactions. (C) 1995 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. INST BIOL PHYSICOCHIM,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 16 IS 7 BP 843 EP 855 DI 10.1002/jcc.540160704 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RC947 UT WOS:A1995RC94700003 ER PT J AU REPPOND, KD BABBITT, JK BERNTSEN, S TSURUTA, M AF REPPOND, KD BABBITT, JK BERNTSEN, S TSURUTA, M TI GEL PROPERTIES OF SURIMI FROM PACIFIC HERRING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SURIMI; HERRING; GEL PROPERTIES; TORSION STRESS; COMPRESSION ID NUTRITIONAL FISH MEAT; FORMING ABILITY; KAMABOKO GELS; SARDINE; PROTEIN; ADDITIVES; GELATION; MACKEREL; MYOSIN AB Surimi produced from male Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi), a by-product of the roe fishery, formed gels comparable to those formed by lower-grade pollock surimi but were darker in color. Linear relationships were found between moisture content of surimi and punch force, torsion stress, torsion strain, and compression force at failure. Addition of dried beef plasma, egg white, whey protein, wheat gluten or potato inhibitor resulted in stronger gels, although no proteolysis was detected in a control sample. Low-temperature setting, or heating at 40 degrees C prior to cooking at 90 degrees C, resulted in stronger gels, as measured by punch test. C1 WESTERN ALASKA FISHERIES,KODIAK,AK 99615. RP REPPOND, KD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV UTILIZAT RES,900 TRIDENT WAY,KODIAK,AK 99615, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 707 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06211.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800013 ER PT J AU LU, G LYONS, LR REIFF, PH DENIG, WF DELABEAUJARDIERE, O KROEHL, HW NEWELL, PT RICH, FJ OPGENOORTH, H PERSSON, MAL RUOHONIEMI, JM FRIISCHRISTENSEN, E TOMLINSON, L MORRIS, R BURNS, G MCEWIN, A AF LU, G LYONS, LR REIFF, PH DENIG, WF DELABEAUJARDIERE, O KROEHL, HW NEWELL, PT RICH, FJ OPGENOORTH, H PERSSON, MAL RUOHONIEMI, JM FRIISCHRISTENSEN, E TOMLINSON, L MORRIS, R BURNS, G MCEWIN, A TI CHARACTERISTICS OF IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION AND FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT IN THE DAYSIDE CUSP REGION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DEPENDENT PLASMA-FLOW; POLAR-CAP CONVECTION; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; IMF-BY; LOW-ALTITUDE; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION AB The assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique has been used to estimate global distributions of high-latitude ionospheric convection and field-aligned current by combining data obtained nearly simultaneously both from ground and from space. Therefore, unlike the statistical patterns, the ''snapshot'' distributions derived by AMIE allow us to examine in more detail the distinctions between field-aligned current systems associated with separate magnetospheric processes, especially in the dayside cusp region. By comparing the field-aligned current and ionospheric convection patterns with the corresponding spectrograms of precipitating particles, the following signatures have been identified: (1) For the three cases studied, which all had an IMF with negative y and z components, the cusp precipitation was encountered by the DMSP satellites in the postnoon sector in the northern hemisphere and in the prenoon sector in the southern hemisphere. The equatorward part of the cusp in both hemispheres is in the sunward flow region and marks the beginning of the flow rotation from sunward to antisunward. (2) The pair of field-aligned currents near local noon, i.e., the cusp/mantle currents, are coincident with the cusp or mantle particle precipitation. In distinction, the field-aligned currents on the dawnside and duskside, i.e., the normal region 1 currents, are usually associated with the plasma sheet particle precipitation. Thus the cusp/mantle currents are generated on open field lines and the region 1 currents mainly on closed field lines. (3) Topologically, the cusp/mantle currents appear as an expansion of the region 1 currents from the dawnside and duskside and they overlap near local noon. When B-y is negative, in the northern hemisphere the downward field-aligned current is located poleward of the upward current; whereas in the southern hemisphere the upward current is:located poleward of the downward current. (4) Under the assumption of quasi-steady state reconnection, the location of the separatrix in the ionosphere is estimated and the reconnection velocity is calculated to be between 400 and 550 m/s. The dayside separatrix lies equatorward of the dayside convection throat in the two cases examined. C1 AEROSP CORP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90009. RICE UNIV,DEPT SPACE PHYS & ASTRON,HOUSTON,TX 77251. PHILLIPS LAB,BEDFORD,MA. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD. SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. DANISH METEOROL INST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. INST GEOL & NUCL SCI,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIV,KINGSTON,TAS,AUSTRALIA. AUSTRALIAN GEOL SURVEY ORG,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. RP LU, G (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Reiff, Patricia/D-2564-2014 OI Reiff, Patricia/0000-0002-8043-5682 NR 69 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A7 BP 11845 EP 11861 DI 10.1029/94JA02665 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RG737 UT WOS:A1995RG73700004 ER PT J AU VANDAS, M FISCHER, S DRYER, M SMITH, Z DETMAN, T AF VANDAS, M FISCHER, S DRYER, M SMITH, Z DETMAN, T TI SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC CLOUD PROPAGATION IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE IN 2-DIMENSIONS .1. A LOOP PERPENDICULAR TO THE ECLIPTIC-PLANE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; DISTURBANCES; MODELS AB We present results of simulations of a magnetic cloud's evolution during its passage from the solar vicinity (18 solar radii) to approximately 1 AU using a two-dimensional MHD code. The cloud is a cylinder perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. The external flow is explicitly considered self-consistently. Our results show that the magnetic cloud retains its basic topology up to 1 AU, although it is distorted due to radially expanding solar wind and magnetic field lines bending. The magnetic cloud expands, faster near the Sun, and faster in the azimuthal direction than in the radial one; its extent is approximately 1.5-2x larger in the azimuthal direction. Magnetic clouds reach approximately the same asymptotic propagation velocity (higher than the background solar wind velocity) despite our assumptions of various initial conditions for their release. Recorded time profiles of the magnetic field magnitude, velocity, and temperature at one point, which would be measured by a hypothetical spacecraft, are qualitatively in agreement with observed profiles. The simulations qualitatively confirm the behavior of magnetic clouds derived from some observations, so they support the interpretations of some magnetic cloud phenomena as magnetically closed regions in the solar wind. C1 NOAA,R E SE,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,R E SE,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP VANDAS, M (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST ASTRON,BOCNI II 1401,CR-14131 PRAGUE 4,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Vandas, Marek/G-9054-2014; xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A7 BP 12285 EP 12292 DI 10.1029/94JA03279 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RG737 UT WOS:A1995RG73700038 ER PT J AU LIND, DM BERRY, SD BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW LOCHNER, E STOYONOV, P SHAW, KA DIBARI, RC AF LIND, DM BERRY, SD BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW LOCHNER, E STOYONOV, P SHAW, KA DIBARI, RC TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING IN LAYERED OXIDE STRUCTURES - FE3O4 THIN-FILMS AND FE3O4/NIO SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces (ICMFS)/International Symposium on Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1994 CL DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SP Mat Res Soc, E MRS AB We report magnetic ordering studies of iron oxide and nickel oxide layered structures using SQUID magnetometry and neutron and X-ray diffraction techniques. This work focuses on the influence of interlayer coupling on the Neel ordering in the NiO layers and the Verwey ordering in the Fe3O4 layers, and well as field dependence of moments in each layer. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NHMFL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LIND, DM (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV,MARTECH,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)00143-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA RM330 UT WOS:A1995RM33000024 ER PT J AU SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF SCHAFER, M ZEIDLER, T ZABEL, H MAJKRZAK, CF GRUNBERG, P AF SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF SCHAFER, M ZEIDLER, T ZABEL, H MAJKRZAK, CF GRUNBERG, P TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF A NONCOLLINEAR 50-DEGREES-COUPLED MAGNETIZATION PROFILE IN A FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICE SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces (ICMFS)/International Symposium on Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1994 CL DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SP Mat Res Soc, E MRS AB Using spin polarized neutron reflectometry on molecular beam epitaxy-grown Fe/Cr(001) superlattices we have studied the noncollinear exchange coupling of the Fe layers over the Cr spacers. A surprisingly strong exchange coupling and a non-collinear coupling angle of 50 degrees were discovered. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, RES REACTOR, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SCHREYER, A (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM, INST EXPTL PHYS FESTKORPERPHYS, D-44780 BOCHUM, GERMANY. RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)00203-0 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA RM330 UT WOS:A1995RM33000084 ER PT J AU ZEIDLER, T DONNER, W METOKI, N SCHREIBER, F SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF MAJKRZAK, CF ZABEL, H AF ZEIDLER, T DONNER, W METOKI, N SCHREIBER, F SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF MAJKRZAK, CF ZABEL, H TI ANTIFERROMAGNETIC COUPLING AND MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY OF CO/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces (ICMFS)/International Symposium on Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1994 CL DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SP Mat Res Soc, E MRS AB Single-crystal Co/Cr(001) superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy exhibit a large perpendicular interface anisotropy. We have observed antiferromagnetic alignment of the Co layer magnetizations both for in-plane and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Using absolute minimum calculations of the anisotropy energy we found highly asymmetric spin structures in the superlattices. C1 UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,D-42097 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,NAKA,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZEIDLER, T (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,UNIV STR 150,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY. RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009; Schreiber, Frank/J-3311-2014; OI Schreiber, Frank/0000-0003-3659-6718; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718; Donner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-9269-4473 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)00212-X PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA RM330 UT WOS:A1995RM33000093 ER PT J AU RAM, RS BERNATH, PF ENGLEMAN, R BRAULT, JW AF RAM, RS BERNATH, PF ENGLEMAN, R BRAULT, JW TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF SH SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; LABORATORY DETECTION; SPECTRUM; MOLECULES; RESONANCE; LASER; OD AB The infrared emission spectrum of SH has been observed in the 1850-2800 cm(-1) spectral region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecules were excited in a microwave discharge source and the spectra have been recorded at a resolution of 0.005 cm-(1). The observed spectra consist of 1-0, 2-1, and 3-2 vibration-rotation bands of the X(2) Pi(1/2), spin component and 1-0, 2-1, 3-2, and 4-3 bands of the X(2) Pi(3/2) spin component. The present data were combined with the previous vibration-rotation, pure rotation, and Lambda-doubling measurements in the ground state to yield an improved set of molecular constants. The principal equilibrium constants obtained from this work are: omega(c) = 2696.2475(58) cm(-1), omega(e),x(e) = 48.7420(28) cm(-1), B-e = 9.600247(51) cm(-1), alpha(c) = 0.27990(10) cm(-1), and r(e) = 1.340614(4) Angstrom. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT CHEM,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP RAM, RS (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X NR 28 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1153 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA RG022 UT WOS:A1995RG02200003 ER PT J AU CHRISTEN, D COUDERT, LH SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ AF CHRISTEN, D COUDERT, LH SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ TI THE ROTATIONAL CONCERTED TORSIONAL SPECTRUM OF THE G'GA CONFORMER OF ETHYLENE-GLYCOL SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; DIPOLE-MOMENT; WATER DIMER; COMPLEXES; OCS AB The microwave spectrum of the g'Ga conformer of ethylene glycol has been assigned for the first time using microwave-microwave double resonance and molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Such techniques were necessary in order to select the desired lines in the crowded spectrum, which does not follow a rigid rotator pattern because of the large-amplitude motion displayed by the molecule. This motion, consisting of a concerted torsion of both OH groups, leads to a tunneling splitting of 7 GHz and significantly alters the rotational energy level pattern because it is coupled to the overall rotation of the molecule through a Coriolis coupling. This coupling is accounted for using an IAM-like theoretical model, and this allows us to satisfactorily analyze the microwave frequencies of the normal and of the O-d(2) species. Information on the equilibrium geometry of the molecule and on the tunneling path is extracted through the values obtained for the parameters involved in this Coriolis coupling. A dipole moment analysis yields values of all three dipole moments components and a determination of their relative signs is attempted. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV PARIS 06,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. CNRS,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHRISTEN, D (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN,INST PHYS & THEORET CHEM,AUF MORGENSTELLE 8,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 57 EP 77 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1155 PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA RG022 UT WOS:A1995RG02200005 ER PT J AU CHOU, CC MAKI, AG TOCHITSKY, SJ SHY, JT EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR AF CHOU, CC MAKI, AG TOCHITSKY, SJ SHY, JT EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR TI FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS AND MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS OF CO2 00(0)2-[10(0)1,02(0)1](I,II) SEQUENCE BAND TRANSITIONS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID 4.5-MU-M REGION; CO2-LASER; STABILIZATION; (CO2)-C-12-O-16; SPECTRA AB Heterodyne frequency measurements, accurate to 20 kHz, of 35 lines of the 00(0)2-[10(0)1,02(0)1](I) band (10.4 mu m) and 33 lines of the 00(0)2-[10(0)1,02(0)1](II) band (9.4 mu m) of CO2 have been made with a sequence band CO2 laser stabilized to line center using the sub-Doppler 4.3-mu m fluorescence. A saturated 4.3-mu m fluorescence-stabilized regular band CO2 laser was used as the frequency reference for the heterodyne measurements. New molecular constants were obtained from a least-squares fitting of these new measurements and the previous measurements. Calculated frequency and wavenumber tables for CO2 sequence band transitions using the new constants are presented. Frequencies of the transitions from the ground state to the 00(0)2, [10(0)1,02(0)1](I), and [10(0)1,02(0)1](II) levels have been accurately determined to an accuracy of 0.2 MHz by adding the sub-Doppler heterodyne frequency measurements of the [10(0)1,02(0)1](I)-00(0)0 transitions made by A. Groh, D. Goddon, M. Schneider, W. Zimmerman, and W. Ubran (J. Mel. Spectrosc. 146, 161-168, 1991). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CHOU, CC (reprint author), NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HSINCHU 30043,TAIWAN. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1171 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA RG022 UT WOS:A1995RG02200021 ER PT J AU ASHWORTH, SH EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM AF ASHWORTH, SH EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM TI IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE FAR-INFRARED LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF THE HS2 RADICAL SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID HO2; SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN AB The first observation of the far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectrum of the HS2 radical in its ground (2)A'' state is reported. The radical was produced in the gas-phase reaction between fluorine atoms and hydrogen sulfide, H2S. Spectra associated with several different rotational transitions (with values of N up to 30 and K-a up to 4) have been identified and analyzed to give an improved set of molecular parameters. In particular, the value for the centrifugal distortion constant Delta(K) of 24.339(10) MHz is significantly different from the value assumed by S. Yamamoto and S. Saito (Can. J. Phys. 72, 954 (1994)) in their earlier millimeter-wave study, Zeeman parameters have also been determined. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND. RP ASHWORTH, SH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ashworth, Stephen/B-5912-2008 OI Ashworth, Stephen/0000-0003-4213-3541 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1176 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA RG022 UT WOS:A1995RG02200026 ER PT J AU SHIRAI, T OKAZAKI, K SUGAR, J AF SHIRAI, T OKAZAKI, K SUGAR, J TI SPECTRAL DATA FOR HIGHLY IONIZED KRYPTON, KR-V THROUGH KR-XXXVI SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC DATA; ENERGY LEVELS; GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS; KRYPTON; IONS; SPECTRA; TRANSITION PROBABILITIES; WAVELENGTHS ID I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LITHIUM-LIKE KRYPTON; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; = 4 COMPLEX; ENERGY-LEVELS; RESONANCE TRANSITIONS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; EXCITED-STATES; JET TOKAMAK AB Wavelengths, energy levels, ionization energies, line classifications, intensities and transition probabilities for Kr V through Kr XXXVI, with the exception of Kr XI through Kr XVII, are tabulated. No data have been published for Kr XI through Kr XVII. These data are based on the energy levels compilation of Sugar and Musgrove [13]. Transition probabilities for selected M1 lines have been reported and are quoted here, A short review of the line identifications and wavelength measurements is given for each stage of ionization. The literature has been surveyed through February 1995. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics and American Chemical Society. C1 INST PHYS & CHEM RES,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SHIRAI, T (reprint author), JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1577 EP 1608 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA RU874 UT WOS:A1995RU87400003 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK GREENBERG, KE AF OLTHOFF, JK GREENBERG, KE TI THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE RF REFERENCE CELL - AN INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 18-21, 1994 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Atom Molec & Opt Phys DE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE; PLASMA REACTOR; RADIO FREQUENCY; REFERENCE CELL ID FREQUENCY GLOW-DISCHARGES; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; FLUID SIMULATIONS; ARGON; REACTOR; MODEL AB This paper provides an introduction to the Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) RF Reference Cell, and to the articles published in this Special Issue of the Journal of Research of the National institute of Standards and Technology. A brief summary of the history and purpose of the Reference Cell concept is presented, and recent changes to the GEC Cell design are documented. The paper concludes with high lights of research performed on GEC Cells, and with an appendix of all known publications that present research performed on GEC Cells. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 85 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.6028/jres.100.025 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600002 ER PT J AU SOBOLEWSKI, MA AF SOBOLEWSKI, MA TI CURRENT AND VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS IN THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE RF REFERENCE CELL SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 18-21, 1994 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Atom Molec & Opt Phys DE CURRENT; DIAGNOSTIC; DISCHARGE; ELECTRICAL; GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE; IMPEDANCE; PLASMA; RADIO FREQUENCY; VOLTAGE ID DISCHARGES; SHEATHS AB Measurements of the electrical characteristics of discharges in the Gaseous Electronics Conference Radio-Frequency Reference Cell are reviewed here. Topics include: common sources of error in the measurements; comparisons of current and voltage data among GEC cells; the effects of gas impurities, surface conditions and the external circuitry on the reproducibility of the electrical characteristics; and comparisons of current and voltage data with results of other measurements. RP SOBOLEWSKI, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.6028/jres.100.026 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600003 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, JR AF ROBERTS, JR TI OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY ON THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE RF REFERENCE CELL SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 18-21, 1994 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Atom Molec & Opt Phys DE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE; OPTICAL EMISSION; PLASMA; REFERENCE CELL; RF DISCHARGE; SPATIAL; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPORAL ID FREQUENCY GLOW-DISCHARGES; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; INVERSION; ARGON AB A summary of the experimental observations of the optical emission from the Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) rf Reference Cell plasma will be discussed. Spatially and temporally resolved results are provided for various reference and non-reference conditions, including etching type plasmas. These measurements provide a detailed description of the temporal evolution of optical emission from different excited atomic states within different atomic and ionic species, as well as their radial and axial distributions. Some of the measurements have been placed on a absolute radiometric scale to provide comparisons to model calculations. Spectral line profile measurements are also presented to provide some insight into the multi-component particle velocities present in such plasmas. RP ROBERTS, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS LAB, DIV ATOM PHYS, PLASMA RADIAT GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP 353 EP 371 DI 10.6028/jres.100.027 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600004 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB AF OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB TI STUDIES OF ION KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE RF REFERENCE CELL SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 18-21, 1994 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Atom Molec & Opt Phys DE ARGON-OXYGEN PLASMAS; ION BOMBARDMENT; ION ENERGY ANALYZERS; ION KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES ID GLOW-DISCHARGES; POWERED ELECTRODE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ARGON IONS; BOMBARDMENT; PLASMA; AR; PRESSURE; SURFACE; SHEATH AB A review is presented of kinetic-energy distribution measurements for ions striking grounded surfaces in a Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) rf Reference Cell. Two experimental arrangements that have been used to measure ion energies in the GEC Cell are described, and a comparison of their performance under different operating conditions is presented. Significant results from ion-energy analysis in the Reference Cell are highlighted, including evidence of effects due to surface conditions on ion sampling, verification of electrical behavior of the cell, inferences about ion-molecule reactions indicated by the shapes of measured ion kinetic-energy distributions (IEDs), and the use of measured IEDs for the validation of theoretical models. The paper concludes with a detailed study of IEDs measured for rf plasmas generated in mixtures of argon and oxygen, using both experimental arrangements. RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,ELECT SYST GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP 383 EP 400 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600006 ER PT J AU VANBRUNT, RJ GALLAGHER, JW AF VANBRUNT, RJ GALLAGHER, JW TI 47TH ANNUAL GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - GAITHERSBURG, MD, OCTOBER 18-21, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, TECHNOL SERV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP VANBRUNT, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.6028/jres.100.037 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600014 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK AF OLTHOFF, JK TI THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE RADIOFREQUENCY REFERENCE CELL - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 100 IS 4 BP U3 EP U3 DI 10.6028/jres.100.001 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TA246 UT WOS:A1995TA24600001 ER PT J AU SHANG, EC WANG, YY JONES, RM GEORGES, TM AF SHANG, EC WANG, YY JONES, RM GEORGES, TM TI NONPERTURBATIVE MODAL TOMOGRAPHY INVERSION .2. NUMERICAL-SIMULATION SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY C1 NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SHANG, EC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI JONES, RICHARD MICHAEL/0000-0002-9493-7456 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1121/1.413648 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA RH803 UT WOS:A1995RH80300062 ER PT J AU HILL, MD BLENDELL, JE VAUDIN, MD CHIANG, CK AF HILL, MD BLENDELL, JE VAUDIN, MD CHIANG, CK TI PROCESSING EFFECTS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF SINTERED YBA2CU3O6+X SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-PRESSURE; Y2O3-BAO-CUO; LIQUIDUS AB The relationships between the microstructure of sintered YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors and processing variables (sintering time, sintering temperature, and oxygen partial pressure) were examined, Large-grained microstructures were obtained in 100 kPa oxygen sintering atmospheres, while fine-grained microstructures were obtained in 2 kPa oxygen, The formation of liquid phases below the peritectic decomposition temperature of YBa2Cu3O6+x was found to have an effect on both the microstructure (as observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy) and the transport critical current density (J(c)). The critical current density was found to be highest for sintering below the lowest invariant point, which is a function of the oxygen partial pressure, However, over the range of conditions examined here, there does not appear to be any correlation between microstructural features, such as average grain size and aspect ratio, and the transport J(c). RP HILL, MD (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1953 EP 1957 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08916.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA RJ680 UT WOS:A1995RJ68000037 ER PT J AU CHANG, P JI, L WANG, B LI, T AF CHANG, P JI, L WANG, B LI, T TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SEASONAL CYCLE AND EL-NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION IN AN INTERMEDIATE COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; TIME-SERIES; ENSO; GCM; PREDICTABILITY; SIMULATION AB The nonlinear interactions between the seasonal cycle and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system are examined using a newly developed intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The model permits coupling between total sea surface temperature (SST) and total surface winds and thus is able to produce its own seasonal cycle. This coupling approach allows for the examination of full dynamic interactions between the seasonal cycle and interannual oscillations. Numerical simulations with realistic surface heat fluxes indicate that this model is capable of capturing the essential variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system on seasonal-to-interannual timescale in the tropical Pacific. Model sensitivity experiments were carried out by independently varying the external forcing strength and coupling strength. These experiments reveal a very different behavior of the coupled system with and without the seasonal cycle. In the presence of the seasonal cycle, the coupled model, in response to changes in the model parameters, undergoes several transitions between periodic (frequency-locking) and chaotic states. Chaotic response is found as the forcing amplitude approaches the observed value. In contrast, in the absence of the seasonal cycle, varying model coupling strength produces neither frequency-locking nor chaos. The coupled system simply undergoes a Hopf bifurcation from;a nonoscillatory state to a periodic state as the coupling strength increases. This result suggests that nonlinear interactions between the forced seasonal mode and the intrinsic ENSO mode of oscillation are crucial for the irregular behavior of the model ENSO cycle. The experiments also show that a biennial oscillation can be excited by seasonal forcing even when air-sea coupling is so weak that a self-sustaining oscillation does not exist in the coupled system. This implies that the biennial oscillation observed as a fundamental element of ENSO variability in the low-latitude eastern Indian and western Pacific sector could be a subharmonic resonant to the seasonal forcing rather than a self-sustaining oscillation of the coupled system. Analysis of SST time series further demonstrates that major ENSO ''episodes'' in the coupled model exhibit a preferred phasing with the seasonal cycle. This phase-locking with the seasonal cycle occurs not only when the model ENSO cycle is periodic but also when it is chaotic. However, phase locking in the model appears to be tighter than that in nature. This study uncovers dual roles of the seasonal cycle in ENSO variabilities: it introduces a degree of regularity into the ENSO cycle by producing annual phase-locking and it generates chaos in the coupled system through inherent nonlinear interactions. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT METEOROL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP CHANG, P (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 NR 51 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 13 BP 2353 EP 2372 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2353:IBTSCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG062 UT WOS:A1995RG06200002 ER PT J AU VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZERBETTO, SC EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR AF VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZERBETTO, SC EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR TI NEW FAR-INFRARED HYDRAZINE LASER LINES AND THEIR FREQUENCIES SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have discovered 74 far-infrared laser lines pumped by regular and sequence lines of a cw CO2 laser. The wavelengths range from 49.2 to 708.3 mu m. These new lines are to our knowledge the shortest-wavelength far-infrared lines yet observed lasing in hydrazine. Frequency, pump offset, and relative polarization were measured for most of these new lines. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS,INST FIS GLEB WATAGHIN,DEPT ELECTR QUANT,BR-13083970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. RP VASCONCELLOS, ECC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1334 EP 1337 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.12.001334 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA RH119 UT WOS:A1995RH11900020 ER PT J AU EASON, DB YU, Z HUGHES, WC BONEY, C COOK, JW SCHETZINA, JF BLACK, DR CANTWELL, G HARSCH, WC AF EASON, DB YU, Z HUGHES, WC BONEY, C COOK, JW SCHETZINA, JF BLACK, DR CANTWELL, G HARSCH, WC TI HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES GROWN BY MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY ON ZNSE SUBSTRATES SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-22) CY JAN 08-12, 1995 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Electr Mat & Proc Div, USN, Off Naval Res ID PHYSICAL VAPOR TRANSPORT; II-VI HETEROSTRUCTURES; QUALITY AB High-brightness blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating at peak wavelengths in the range 489-514 nm have been successfully synthesized, processed, and tested. The high-brightness LEDs are II-VI heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy at North Carolina State University using (100) ZnSe substrates produced at Eagle-Picher Laboratory by the seeded physical vapor transport process. The blue LEDs (489 nm) produce 327 mu W at 10 mA drive current with an external quantum efficiency of 1.3%. In terms of photometric units, the luminous performance of the ZnCdSe blue LEDs is 1.7 lm/W at 10 mA. The brightest ZnTeSe green LEDs tested to date produce 1.3 mW at 10 mA peaked at 512 nm with an external quantum efficiency of 5.3%. The luminous performance of the green LEDs is 18 lm/W at 10 mA. Using recently-developed n-type conducting ZnSe substrates, green LEDs having external quantum efficiencies of 2.7% have also been demonstrated. (C) 1995 American Vacuum Society. C1 NATL INST SCI & TECHNOL LABS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. EAGLE PICHER LAB,MIAMI,OK 74354. RP EASON, DB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1566 EP 1570 DI 10.1116/1.588188 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA RP992 UT WOS:A1995RP99200028 ER PT J AU MEADOR, JP CASILLAS, E SLOAN, CA VARANASI, U AF MEADOR, JP CASILLAS, E SLOAN, CA VARANASI, U TI COMPARATIVE BIOACCUMULATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS FROM SEDIMENT BY 2 INFAUNAL INVERTEBRATES SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE BIOACCUMULATION; BIOCONCENTRATION; PAHS; SEDIMENT-WATER PARTITIONING; INTERSTITIAL WATER; INFAUNA ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; HUMIC MATERIALS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; QUALITY CRITERIA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOAVAILABILITY; BINDING; AMPHIPODS AB Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from field-contaminated sediments by 2 infaunal invertebrates, Rhepoxynius abronius (a non-deposit feeding amphipod) and Armandia brevis (a non-selective, deposit-feeding polychaete), was examined. Sediments were selected over a large geographical area of the Hudson-Raritan estuary (New York, USA) to assess the potential for bioaccumulation from a typical urban estuary. Assessment of bioaccumulation in these invertebrates is important because of the need to understand their health and role in ecosystem functioning and because they are vectors of sediment-associated contaminants to demersal fish. Our study compared the response of these 2 species over a wide range of PAH concentrations to learn how feeding mode may affect contaminant accumulation. After 10 d of exposure to sediments, we assessed the tissue concentrations of 24 PAHs and found no significant differences for the low molecular weight PAHs (LPAHs) between R. abronius and A, brevis. There was, however, a large differential observed between species for bioaccumulated high molecular weight PAHs (HPAHs). Because we assumed that the amphipod was not feeding and most of its tissue burden was received through ventilation of interstitial water (IW), we concluded that IW was probably the major route of uptake for the LPAHs for both species and that sediment ingestion was a much more important uptake route of HPAHs for the polychaete. Analysis of correlations between amphipod and polychaete tissue burdens found that the species were responding similarly to a gradient of PAH concentrations in sediment; however, when the associations between concentrations in tissue and exposure matrix (e.g. sediment, IW) were examined the interpretations were less clear. Concentrations of PAHs in IW and sediment indicated that the partition coefficient (K-oc) was generally 2 orders of magnitude higher than expected for LPAHs and highly variable between sites for HPAHs. When K-oc was re-calculated using free PAH, it became much less variable and was uniformly elevated above the predicted values. The BAF(loc) (lipid/organic carbon normalized bioaccumulation factor) in the polychaete was generally consistent over the series of PAHs, as expected, and when metabolism and pre-steady state conditions were considered, partitioning of PAHs between tissue and sediment was relatively close to the theoretical maximum. Despite much lower than predicted IW concentrations, the LPAH bioconcentration factors (BCF) for the amphipod were close to expected, but the HPAH BCFs were close to the predicted values only when expressed in terms of the free PAH. From these data, and previous studies, we conclude that there was a significant reduction in bioavailability of HPAHs to R. abronius due to partitioning of HPAHs to dissolved organic carbon. RP MEADOR, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES CTR, DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 72 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.3354/meps123107 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RQ341 UT WOS:A1995RQ34100012 ER PT J AU RAGEN, TJ AF RAGEN, TJ TI MAXIMUM NET PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ESTIMATION FOR THE NORTHERN FUR-SEAL (CALLORHINUS-URSINUS) POPULATION OF ST-PAUL ISLAND, ALASKA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MANAGEMENT UNCERTAINTY; MAXIMUM NET PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL; NORTHERN FUR SEAL; CALLORHINUS URSINUS; POPULATION MODELING ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SIMULATION; MODEL AB The goal of this study was to assess the maximum net productivity level for the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) population of St. Paul Island, Alaska. Definitive determination of this level is not possible due to uncertainty in life table parameters and density-dependent changes in those parameters. To account for such uncertainty, repetitive numerical simulations were used to generate frequency distributions of estimates for the maximum net productivity level and related population parameters. This approach systematically varied simulation input parameters, ran a separate simulation with each input parameter combination, and validated the simulations on the basis of comparison with historical observations. Results from validated simulations were compiled in frequency distributions to provide a measure of confidence for MNPL estimates. The distributions confirm that this population is probably well below its maximum net productivity level. Because they reflect the uncertainty in our understanding of northern fur seal population dynamics, these distributions are a more realistic basis for management than single point estimates. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 275 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00285.x PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA RM554 UT WOS:A1995RM55400001 ER PT J AU LAU, NC CRANE, MW AF LAU, NC CRANE, MW TI A SATELLITE VIEW OF THE SYNOPTIC-SCALE ORGANIZATION OF CLOUD PROPERTIES IN MIDLATITUDE AND TROPICAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOWER TROPOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; EARTHS ENERGY-BALANCE; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; WAVE DISTURBANCES; NORTHERN SUMMER; SQUALL-LINE; FGGE YEAR; HEMISPHERE; ISCCP; TEMPERATURE AB The spatial and temporal variability of various cloud types and cloud optical thickness are investigated using daily global analyses produced by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) for the 1983-90 period. The climatological patterns of the relative abundance of individual cloud types are closely related to prevalent circulation regimes. Composite charts at various time lags relative to selected cloudy episodes are used to describe the representative shape and propagation of the local cloud patterns. These satellite-based findings are consistent with published results obtained from analyses of geopotential height and wind data. The midlatitude baroclinic cyclones along the wintertime storm tracks over the North and South Atlantic, and the summertime synoptic-scale disturbances occurring over the tropical western Pacific, are selected for more in-depth investigation. The variations of different cloud types in the selected sites are examined in conjunction with the concurrent three-dimensional atmospheric structure and dynamical processes, as deduced from the daily operational analyses generated at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Results for the extratropical storm track regions are in agreement with traditional conceptual frameworks for the organization of cloud properties near warm and cold frontal zones. These midlatitude cloud patterns are linked to the vertical circulation induced by the advection of temperature and vorticity in developing baroclinic waves. Results for the tropical western Pacific reveal cloud structures similar to those occurring in squall lines, with low-top clouds in advance of the approaching deep convection zone, and high-top, optically thinner cloud elements in the rear anvil region. The spatial correspondence between composite features obtained from the independent ISCCP and ECMWF analyses lends credence to the reliability of both datasets, especially in regions with sparse in situ observations. The consistency of the ISCCP cloud patterns with the ambient atmospheric structure and dynamics demonstrates the applicability of satellite data products in advancing our understanding of different types of circulation systems. RP LAU, NC (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 53 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1984 EP 2006 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1984:ASVOTS>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500004 ER PT J AU BLACK, PG HOLLAND, GJ AF BLACK, PG HOLLAND, GJ TI THE BOUNDARY-LAYER OF TROPICAL CYCLONE KERRY (1979) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; HURRICANE; TEMPERATURE; MESOSCALE AB The boundary layer structure of Tropical Cyclone Kerry (1979) is investigated using composite analysis of research aircraft, surface ship, and automatic weather station observations. The boundary layer was moist, convective, and strongly confluent to the east of the tropical cyclone center but was dry, subsident, and diffluent to the west. The vertical momentum transport in the eastern convective sector of Kerry was around two to three times the surface frictional dissipation. In contrast, the stable boundary layer in the western sector consisted of a shallow mixed layer capped by an equivalent potential temperature minimum and a low-level jet, which underwent a marked diurnal oscillation. Three mechanisms appear to have contributed to the observed asymmetry: 1) a general, zonal distortion arose from cyclonic rotation across a gradient of earth vorticity; 2) a westerly environmental vertical shear produced forced ascent on the east side of the storm and subsidence on the west side throughout the lower and midtroposphere; and 3) the western sector boundary layer was modified by an upstream cold tongue generated by the tropical cyclone passage. The authors present evidence that substantial drying also resulted from shear-induced mixing of the subsident environmental air in the region of the low-level jet Thermal boundary layer budgets are derived using both a general mixing theory approach and direct flux calculations from aircraft reconnaissance data. Use of actual sea surface temperature fields are essential. The surface flux estimates of latent heat are near the average of previous studies, but the sensible heat fluxes are downward into the ocean. Since horizontal advection also cooled the boundary layer, the thermal structure was maintained by downward fluxes of sensible heat from the top of the boundary layer of around 100 W m(-2). We conclude that the pattern of oceanic cooling directly determines the pattern of vertical air-sea and advective sensible heat fluxes and indirectly determines the pattern of latent heat fluxes through forcing of PBL drying at the downwind end of the SST cold pool. It further enhances the inward penetration and negative feedback resulting from an easterly trade wind surge associated with a mobile trough in the westerlies. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP BLACK, PG (reprint author), BMRC,BOX 1289K,MELBOURNE,VIC 3001,AUSTRALIA. NR 67 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 2007 EP 2028 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2007:TBLOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500005 ER PT J AU LEVINSON, DH BANTA, RM AF LEVINSON, DH BANTA, RM TI OBSERVATIONS OF A TERRAIN-FORCED MESOSCALE VORTEX AND CANYON DRAINAGE FLOWS ALONG THE FRONT RANGE OF COLORADO SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FROUDE-NUMBER FLOW; DENVER CYCLONE; DOPPLER LIDAR; CATALINA EDDY; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTION AB Observations taken during the February 1991 Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) Winter Validation Study are used to describe the wind field associated with a terrain-forced mesoscale vortex and thermally forced canyon drainage flows along the Front Range of northeastern Colorado. A case study is presented of the night of 6/7 February 1991 when a weak vortex formed and propagated through the ASCOT domain. The NOAA/ERL Environmental Technology Laboratory Doppler lidar, one of an ensemble of instruments participating in the ASCOT field experiment, obtained high-resolution measurements of the structure of both the vortex and the canyon drainage flows. The lidar observations documented the kinematic and structural changes in the cyclone and their relationship to a drainage jet exiting a nearby canyon. Lidar analyses clearly show the layering and stratification present during this case, specifically the drainage jet flowing under the cyclone. A period of strong intensification of the drainage hows occurred, following the apparent inhibition of the exit jet by southeasterly flow and the subsequent release of the exit jet, as north-northwesterly flow developed along the foothills. Additional analyses of the mesoscale surface wind field reveal the movement and spatial variations of the cyclone from initiation to dissipation. The ambient dow remained weak and the cyclone propagated from north to south, which is opposite to previous modeled and observational studies, and on several occasions the cyclone split into two separate vortices. A tracer diffusion test performed during this case shows that the vortex changed the trajectories of the test release cloud from northerly to southerly due both to the movement of the cyclone and to the presence of northerly flow associated with the vortex. Estimates of Froude number are consistent with previous studies that showed Denver cyclones are associated with periods of low-Froude number how. C1 NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 2029 EP 2050 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2029:OOATFM>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500006 ER PT J AU CARR, FH SPENCER, PL DOSWELL, CA POWELL, JD AF CARR, FH SPENCER, PL DOSWELL, CA POWELL, JD TI A COMPARISON OF 2 OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR PROFILER TIME-HEIGHT DATA SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SCHEME; DIVERGENCE; FIELDS AB Two methods for objective analysis of wind profiler data in time-height space are proposed and compared. One is a straightforward adaptation of a procedure developed by Doswell for introducing time continuity into a sequence of spatial analyses. The second technique, named the correlation method, introduces a new rationale for selection of the Barnes filter parameter that is based on knowledge of the statistical structure of wind profiler data. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. It is noted that the correlation method, in principle, allows the deduction of consistent sampling intervals in time and space for the most dominant phenomena resolved by the data provided by a given atmospheric observing system. It is recommended that an objective analysis of wind profiler data be performed before single- or multiprofiler kinematic calculations are made. In addition, it is shown that the positions of extrema in kinematic quantities computed from profiler triangles are relatively insensitive to the number of passes used in the analysis procedures. In fact, it is demonstrated that multipass Barnes-type schemes can overfit the original data, suggesting that a one-pass method may be preferable provided that the filter parameter is selected property. C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE,VANDENBERG,CA. RP CARR, FH (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,100 E BOYD ST,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 2165 EP 2180 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2165:ACOTOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500013 ER PT J AU ROSATI, A GUDGEL, R MIYAKODA, K AF ROSATI, A GUDGEL, R MIYAKODA, K TI DECADAL ANALYSIS PRODUCED FROM AN OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; CIRCULATION AB A global oceanic four-dimensional data assimilation system has been developed for use in initializing coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models and also to study interannual variability. The data inserted into a high-resolution global ocean model consist of conventional sea surface temperature observations and vertical temperature profiles. The data are inserted continuously into the model by updating the model's temperature solution every time step. This update is created using a statistical interpolation routine applied to all data in a 30-day window for three consecutive time steps and then the correction is held constant for nine time steps. Not updating every time step allows for a more computationally efficient system without affecting the quality of the analysis. The data assimilation system was run over a 10-yr period from 1979 to 1988. The resulting analysis product was compared with independent analysis including model-derived fields like velocity. The large-scale features seem consistent with other products based on observations. Using the mean of the 10-yr period as a climatology, the data assimilation system was compared with the Levitus climatological atlas. Looking at the sea surface temperature and the seasonal cycle, as represented by the mixed-layer depth, the agreement is quite good, however, some systematic differences do emerge. Special attention is given to the tropical Pacific examining the El Nino signature. Two other assimilation schemes based on the coupled model using Newtonian nudging of SST and then SST and surface winds are compared to the full data assimilation system. The heat content variability in the data assimilation seemed faithful to the observations. Overall, the results are encouraging, demonstrating that the data assimilation system seems to be able to capture many of the large-scale general circulation features that are observed, both in a climatological sense and in the temporal variability. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 2206 EP 2228 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2206:DAPFAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500016 ER PT J AU BARNES, SL AF BARNES, SL TI USE OF MULTIQUADRIC INTERPOLATION FOR METEOROLOGICAL OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS - COMMENT SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID ANALYSIS SCHEME; DISCRETE RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,FORECAST SYST LAB,MAIL CODE R-E-FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 2255 EP 2256 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2255:COOMIF>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG135 UT WOS:A1995RG13500019 ER PT J AU FRANASZEK, M FRONZONI, L AF FRANASZEK, M FRONZONI, L TI RESONANT RESPONSE AND ITS SCALING PROPERTIES IN CHAOTIC SYSTEMS PERTURBED BY NOISE SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA D-CONDENSED MATTER ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL PHYSICS FLUIDS PLASMAS BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Fluctuations in Physics and Biology - Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL ELBA, ITALY ID INDUCED CRISES; INTERMITTENCY AB The double-well Duffing oscillator is investigated experimentally when a small noise is present in the system. It results that the noise influences the mean lifetime of the transient chaos showing some similarities with the phenomenon of the stochastic resonance. This behaviour is in agreement with a simple model based on the one-dimensional logistic map. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,PLASMA RES LAB,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,PISA,ITALY. RP FRANASZEK, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 226,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0392-6737 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO D JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D-Condens. Matter At. Mol. Chem. Phys. Fluids Plasmas Biophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1007/BF02451834 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH951 UT WOS:A1995TH95100011 ER PT J AU GEORGE, LA RICHARDS, ND EICHMILLER, FC AF GEORGE, LA RICHARDS, ND EICHMILLER, FC TI REDUCTION OF MARGINAL GAPS IN COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS BY USE OF GLASS-CERAMIC INSERTS SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYGROSCOPIC EXPANSION; ADAPTATION; RESINS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glass-ceramic inserts on reducing the marginal gaps caused by polymerization shrinkage in composite restorations. A light microscope was used to measure the largest gap at margins around restorations made in glass cylinders and tooth cavities with and without adhesion promoters. Where the cylinder was not silanated, the average gap was less in samples containing an insert than in those without. Two preparations were made in the dentin of 20 human molars. In each molar one cavity was restored with a dentin bonding agent and composite and the other with a dentin bonding agent and an insert seated in the composite. The average maximum gap width of restorations containing inserts was statistically less than for those with only composite (paired t-test, P < 0.0001). When considering the volume of composite displaced by the insert, these results indicate that the use of a glass-ceramic insert decreased the marginal gaps resulting from polymerization shrinkage. C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,CTR EXCELLENCE MAT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GEORGE, LA (reprint author), NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PI SEATTLE PA SCHOOL DENTISTRY SM-57, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA RG162 UT WOS:A1995RG16200006 PM 8700783 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, AM AF STEINBERG, AM TI CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES IN QUANTUM-THEORY AND THE TUNNELING-TIME CONTROVERSY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAVERSAL-TIME; WAVE; TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; PARTICLE; PACKETS; DELAY C1 NIST,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP STEINBERG, AM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Steinberg, Aephraim/C-3226-2008 NR 59 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.32 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RH932 UT WOS:A1995RH93200010 ER PT J AU BANNISTER, ME MEYER, FW CHUNG, YS DJURIC, N DUNN, GH PINDZOLA, MS GRIFFIN, DC AF BANNISTER, ME MEYER, FW CHUNG, YS DJURIC, N DUNN, GH PINDZOLA, MS GRIFFIN, DC TI ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS FOR THE ELECTRON-IMPACT SINGLE IONIZATION OF MO4+ AND MO5+ IONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AUBURN,AL 36849. ROLLINS COLL,DEPT PHYS,WINTER PK,FL 32789. RP BANNISTER, ME (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. OI Bannister, Mark E./0000-0002-9572-8154 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.413 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RH932 UT WOS:A1995RH93200055 ER PT J AU REZNIK, D OLK, CH NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD AF REZNIK, D OLK, CH NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD TI X-RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION FROM CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOPARTICLES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAPHITIC CARBON; GROWTH; TUBES C1 GM CORP,CTR RES & DEV,DEPT PHYS,WARREN,MI 48090. RP REZNIK, D (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.116 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RH930 UT WOS:A1995RH93000030 ER PT J AU CANEL, LM CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R AF CANEL, LM CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R TI EFFICIENT EFFECTIVE-ENERGY METHOD FOR LATTICE-GREENS-FUNCTION SIMULATIONS OF FRACTURE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CANEL, LM (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.158 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RH930 UT WOS:A1995RH93000036 ER PT J AU HUANG, Q LYNN, JW XIONG, Q CHU, CW AF HUANG, Q LYNN, JW XIONG, Q CHU, CW TI OXYGEN DEPENDENCE OF THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF HGBA2CUO4+DELTA AND ITS RELATION TO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; CU-O SYSTEM; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; HGBA2CACU2O6+DELTA; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV HOUSTON,TEXAS CTR SUPERCONDUCT,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP HUANG, Q (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.462 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RH930 UT WOS:A1995RH93000070 ER PT J AU BURTON, BP COHEN, RE AF BURTON, BP COHEN, RE TI NONEMPIRICAL CALCULATION OF THE PB(SC0.5TA0.5)O-3-PBTIO3 QUASI-BINARY PHASE-DIAGRAM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREATHING MODEL; ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; FERROELECTRICS; TRANSITIONS; CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The nonempirical potential induced breathing (PIB) method has been used to calculate structural parameters and total energies for PbTiO3 (PT), ten different ordered structures with stoichiometry Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O-3 (PST), and 104 different structures with stoichiometries between PST and PT. The PIB results for intermediate stoichiometries predict two ordered ground-state phases at X(PbTiO3)=1/4 and X=1/2. The differences in total energies were used as a basis for fitting a set of effective cluster interactions, and the resulting Hamiltonian was used as input for a cluster-variation method (CVM) phase diagram calculation. The CVM calculation predicts a third ordered phase at X approximate to 1/4. This phase is not a ground state, but it is predicted to be stable at higher temperatures than either of the ground-state phases and, therefore, to be more likely to be found experimentally. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, GEOPHYS LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20015 USA. RP NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.792 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RJ711 UT WOS:A1995RJ71100025 ER PT J AU LI, S FISTUL, M DEAK, J METCALF, P GIULIANI, GF MCELFRESH, M KAISER, DL AF LI, S FISTUL, M DEAK, J METCALF, P GIULIANI, GF MCELFRESH, M KAISER, DL TI MAGNETOTRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF POLYCRYSTALLINE YBA2CU3O7 - A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR SURFACE BARRIERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID CU-O CRYSTALS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; IRREVERSIBILITY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MICROSTRUCTURE; GROWTH; FIELD; FLUX AB The magnetization as a function of external applied magnetic field M(H-ext) of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7 (poly-YBCO) exhibits behavior that is more consistent with the geometrical barrier model of Zeldov et al. than that of either the Bean-Livingston surface-barrier model or the Bean critical state strong-pinning model. Correlation of the magnetization measurements with transport measurements suggests that the irreversible properties of poly-YBCO, including the critical current density J(c), are dominated by surface-barrier effects. Observation of an increasing of J(c) with H-ext at intermediate fields is consistent with a theoretical model that describes the transport behavior in the case of vortex lattice formation within the superconducting grains that form the Josephson junctions. C1 NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LI, S (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP R739 EP R742 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.R739 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RJ711 UT WOS:A1995RJ71100016 ER PT J AU GARBOCZI, EJ SNYDER, KA DOUGLAS, JF THORPE, MF AF GARBOCZI, EJ SNYDER, KA DOUGLAS, JF THORPE, MF TI GEOMETRICAL PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD OF OVERLAPPING ELLIPSOIDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM PERCOLATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER COMPOSITES; PERMEABLE OBJECTS; EXCLUDED VOLUME; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; SUSPENSIONS; SIMULATION AB A recurrent problem in materials science is the prediction of the percolation threshold of suspensions and composites containing complex-shaped constituents. We consider an idealized material built up from freely overlapping objects randomly placed in a matrix, and numerically compute the geometrical percolation threshold p(c) where the objects first form a continuous phase. Ellipsoids of revolution, ranging from the extreme oblate limit of platelike particles to the extreme prolate limit of needlelike particles, are used to study the influence of object shape on the value of p(c). The reciprocal threshold 1/p(c) (p(c) equals the critical volume fraction occupied by the overlapping ellipsoids) is found to scale linearly with the ratio of the larger ellipsoid dimension to the smaller dimension in both the needle and plate limits. Ratios of the estimates of p(c) are taken with other important functionals of object shape (surface area, mean radius of curvature, radius of gyration, electrostatic capacity, excluded volume, and intrinsic conductivity) in an attempt to obtain a universal description of p(c). Unfortunately, none of the possibilities considered proves to be invariant over the entire shape range, so that p(c) appears to be a rather unique functional of object shape. It is conjectured, based on the numerical evidence, that 1/p(c) is minimal for a sphere of all objects having a finite volume. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, CTR FUNDAMENTAL MAT RES, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV BLDG MAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 73 TC 444 Z9 447 U1 1 U2 68 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 819 EP 828 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.52.819 PN B PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA RK547 UT WOS:A1995RK54700013 ER PT J AU ROZSA, K GALLAGHER, A DONKO, Z AF ROZSA, K GALLAGHER, A DONKO, Z TI EXCITATION OF AR LINES IN THE CATHODE REGION OF A DC DISCHARGE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ARGON; NITROGEN; LASERS; IONS AB Measurements of the spatial distribution of different Ar lines are reported for a Bat cold cathode discharge in the j/P-2 range of 10(-4) to 10(-2) A cm(-2) mbar(-2), where j is the current density and P is the pressure. In this range, excitation by heavy particles and by electrons can be studied since they produce a cathode glow and a negative glow that are well separated. With increasing j/P-2 the heavy-particle excitation and the cathode glow increase, while the negative glow extends to a larger distance. The voltage, the pressure (P) times the lengths of the cathode glow and the cathode sheath, and the fraction of the input energy that goes into the negative glow and the cathode glow have a dependence on j/P-2 that is independent of pressure. We also report data on the decay of the negative glow beyond its peak, but this decay length times pressure has a dependence on j/P-2 that changes with pressure. The measured voltage and lengths are compared to previous data and to a recent calculation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,SOLID STATE PHYS RES INST,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RP ROZSA, K (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.52.913 PN B PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA RK547 UT WOS:A1995RK54700025 ER PT J AU LEE, DD CHEN, SH MAJKRZAK, CF SATIJA, SK AF LEE, DD CHEN, SH MAJKRZAK, CF SATIJA, SK TI BULK AND SURFACE CORRELATIONS IN A MICROEMULSION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Note ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; LATTICE MODEL; MICRO-EMULSIONS; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; PHASE; INTERFACES AB Small angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectivity are used to study the bulk and surface structure of water-octane-tetraethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C(10)E(4)) bicontinuous microemulsions. When the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surfactant monolayers in the microemulsion are balanced; the surface correlation length is found to be significantly larger than its bulk analog. Varying the spontaneous curvature of the monolayers greatly influences the surface structure of the microemulsion while having a relatively slight effect on the bulk correlation function. These observations are explained using a Ginzburg-Landau theory. C1 MIT,DEPT NUCL ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LEE, DD (reprint author), MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. RI Lee, Daniel/B-5753-2013 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP R29 EP R32 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.52.R29 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA RK545 UT WOS:A1995RK54500008 ER PT J AU PERSSON, POG AF PERSSON, POG TI SIMULATIONS OF THE POTENTIAL VORTICITY STRUCTURE AND BUDGET OF FRONTS-87 IOP8 SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COLD FRONTS; FRONTS 87; MESOSCALE MODELS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY ID AGEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATIONS; SMALL STABILITY; MFDP FRONTS-87; INSTABILITY; FRONTOGENESIS; RAINBANDS; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE; MODEL; FLOW AB Dropsonde observations in the cold fronts sampled during the joint British-French FRONTS 87 Experiment along the west coast of Europe have shown that the dry and moist potential vorticity fields (q(d) and q(e), respectively) have significant anomalies on the mesoscale. The processes associated with these anomalies during a 12 h period encompassing the observation time have been examined by simulating the q(d) and q(e) structures observed near the cold front of IOP8 using the Meteo-France mesoscale PERIDOT model, and by developing and using an Eulerian potential vorticity budget module. High-resolution dropsonde, rawinsonde, and Doppler radar observations are used as verification of the simulated potential vorticity structures. Initial and boundary conditions are obtained from three different analysis systems. The simulated potential vorticity structures are sensitive to the initial conditions because the analyses over the data-sparse Atlantic Ocean vary significantly from one analysis system to another. Of the seven persistent mesoscale potential vorticity features identified in the observations, five were simulated reasonably well using at least one of the initial analyses, and examined with the potential vorticity budget. The low-level, pre-frontal, positive q(d) anomaly along the length of the cold front is maintained through a balance between Lagrangian source/sink terms, dominated by differential diabatic heating, and vertical advection within the main frontal updraught. This balance maintains the q(d) anomaly in a region of near-zero q(d) tendency between areas of q(d) generation near the surface and q(d) destruction in the middle troposphere. A mid-tropospheric region of negative q(e) directly behind the surface cold front appears to be produced by a weak but persistent generation by the solenoid term in the region of strong humidity gradients along the back edge of the mid-tropospheric cloud shield. This position, and the model evolution, suggest that the solenoid-created region of negative q(e) can lead to enhanced mid-tropospheric updraughts through conditional symmetric instability or a combination of conditional symmetric instability and large-scale forcing. The magnitudes of regions of negative q(d) and q(e) on the anticyclonic side of the upper-level jet decrease throughout the simulation due to horizontal momentum diffusion, while a post-frontal, low-level, negative q(e) region is generated principally by temperature and moisture diffusion. C1 METEO FRANCE, CTR NACL RECH METEOROL, TOULOUSE, FRANCE. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 121 IS 525 BP 1041 EP 1081 DI 10.1256/smsqj.52505 PN A PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM412 UT WOS:A1995RM41200005 ER PT J AU GAGE, KS FRANKE, SJ AF GAGE, KS FRANKE, SJ TI TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF MST RADAR - PREFACE SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 975 EP 976 DI 10.1029/95RS00654 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA RL422 UT WOS:A1995RL42200016 ER PT J AU CARTER, DA GAGE, KS ECKLUND, WL ANGEVINE, WM JOHNSTON, PE RIDDLE, AC WILSON, J WILLIAMS, CR AF CARTER, DA GAGE, KS ECKLUND, WL ANGEVINE, WM JOHNSTON, PE RIDDLE, AC WILSON, J WILLIAMS, CR TI DEVELOPMENTS IN UHF LOWER TROPOSPHERIC WIRED PROFILING AT NOAAS AERONOMY LABORATORY SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LAYER WIND PROFILER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADAR; HEAT; RASS AB Developments in UHF profiling at 915 MHz are presented. Recent advances in UHF profiling are traced to early developments beginning about 8 years ago in the Aeronomy Laboratory at 915 MHz using microstrip antennas. This paper presents an overview of the architecture of the UHF profiler system as it has evolved over the past decade including the development of radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) capabilities. Hardware and software components are described and operational performance is summarized from experience gained from many installations, primarily from those in the tropics. Applications to wind profiling, boundary layer height determination, flux measurement, and precipitation profiling are considered. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. RP CARTER, DA (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 39 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 977 EP 1001 DI 10.1029/95RS00649 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA RL422 UT WOS:A1995RL42200017 ER PT J AU MCAFEE, JR GAGE, KS AF MCAFEE, JR GAGE, KS TI VERTICAL VELOCITIES AT PLATTEVILLE, COLORADO - AN INTERCOMPARISON OF SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS BY THE VHF AND UHF PROFILERS SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; WIND VARIABILITY; CLEAR ATMOSPHERE; MST RADAR; STRATOSPHERE; REFLECTION; CLIMATOLOGY; SCATTERING; SIGNALS AB Wind-profiling Doppler radars measure the radial component of motion in the ''clear atmosphere'' along the radar beam. At lower VHF (e.g., 50 MHz) the backscattering process is highly anisotropic with maximum returns from stable layers near vertical incidence. By contrast, at UHF the backscattering process is very nearly isotropic. Because of these differences in scattering mechanism it is of interest to intercompare vertical velocities measured by collocated profilers, one operating at lower VHF and the other at UHF. An observational campaign was undertaken at Platteville, Colorado, to intercompare vertical motions measured by two collocated profilers. The VHF (50 MHz) wind profiler was operated in a vertical-only mode interrupted every half hour for radio accoustic sounding system (PASS) measurements. The UHF (404 MHz) profiler was operated in low and high modes that are customary for the Demonstration Network of profilers in the central United States. Observations made by these two systems in October and November 1991 are intercompared. The overall agreement in vertical motions is quite good above 8 km with both profilers showing downward mean velocities in the lee of the Colorado Rocky Mountains as large as 6 cm s(-1). Below 8 km the UHF velocities are systematically more downward than the VHF velocities. This systematic difference is attributed to the influence of hydrometeors on the UHF observations, as can be seen clearly in daily and hourly profiles. C1 NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MCAFEE, JR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-AL3,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1029/95RS00646 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA RL422 UT WOS:A1995RL42200019 ER PT J AU ECKLUND, WL GAGE, KS WILLIAMS, CR AF ECKLUND, WL GAGE, KS WILLIAMS, CR TI TROPICAL PRECIPITATION STUDIES USING A 915-MHZ WIND PROFILER SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; CLEAR-AIR AB Precipitation echoes obtained with 915-MHz wind profilers operated in the tropics provide useful information on the structure of precipitating cloud systems. This paper examines the sensitivity of the 915-MHz profiler to precipitation. Observations of precipitation echoes at Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, illustrate profiler performance capabilities for observing several types of tropical convective systems. Special attention is given to the occurrence of deep precipitating clouds which are often present without rain at the surface. Analyses of profiler data from Manus Island show that over a 10-month period, deep precipitating clouds were present more than 25% of the time. The importance of the deep precipitating clouds to the heat budget of the tropical atmosphere is briefly discussed. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ECKLUND, WL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1064 DI 10.1029/95RS00640 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA RL422 UT WOS:A1995RL42200021 ER PT J AU FU, J AF FU, J TI IN-SITU TESTING AND CALIBRATING OF Z-PIEZO OF AN ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AB By scanning a slightly tilted, smooth surface with an atomic force microscope (AFM), it is possible to obtain hysteresis loops which contain information on the nonlinearity and hysteresis in the z axis of the AFM's piezoelectric actuator. A 15% Variation in vertical sensitivity was revealed by this PZT tube during vertical scans ranging in amplitude between 0.4 and 2.5 mu m, which could result in a high level of uncertainty in a vertical measurement. Therefore a separate vertical measuring system or a correction scheme is required for a precise and accurate measurement. RP FU, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 66 IS 7 BP 3785 EP 3788 DI 10.1063/1.1145438 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RK224 UT WOS:A1995RK22400011 ER PT J AU MITLER, HE STECKLER, KD AF MITLER, HE STECKLER, KD TI WALL FIRES AND THE APPROACH TO FLASHOVER IN AN ENCLOSURE SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB After listing some of the existing work on modelling pre-flashover room fires and wall fires within rooms, the effects that a ceiling has on the progress of a wall fire are discussed. Experimental results are used to show that the presence of a ceiling accelerates the progress of a wall fire. The wall-fire model SPREAD and the room-fire model FIRST are used seriatim to show that the heating effects due to trapping of hot gases under the ceiling can be calculated now. Flames impinging on the ceiling are constrained to travel horizontally, which increases the radiation feedback from the flames; this additional effect is briefly discussed. An accurate room-fire model, coupled with an upward-spread model, is a tool for assessing the potential fire hazard of various choices of room furnishings and wall linings, thus providing information on fire growth in rooms. This will facilitate the estimation of the fire hazards in buildings, and the development of strategies to cope with these hazards. RP MITLER, HE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0925-7535(94)00069-F PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA RW244 UT WOS:A1995RW24400008 ER PT J AU POSTEK, MT AF POSTEK, MT TI ELECTRON-BEAM SPECIMEN INTERACTION MODELING FOR METROLOGY AND MICROANALYSIS IN THE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE .1. INTRODUCTION SO SCANNING LA English DT Editorial Material RP POSTEK, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA RN803 UT WOS:A1995RN80300001 ER PT J AU MYKLEBUST, RL NEWBURY, DE AF MYKLEBUST, RL NEWBURY, DE TI MONTE-CARLO MODELING OF SECONDARY X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE ACROSS PHASE BOUNDARIES IN ELECTRON-PROBE MICROANALYSIS SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON PROBE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS; MONTE CARLO MODELING; SECONDARY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; X-RAY MICROANALYSIS AB Secondary fluorescence induced by photoelectric absorption of x-rays generated by an electron beam can occur when the characteristic x-ray energy of material ''A'' exceeds the critical excitation energy of material ''B.'' An expression is developed to calculate secondary fluorescence across a planar boundary from a discrete source placed at any (X, Y, Z) coordinates relative to the boundary. The expression can be incorporated into a Monte Carlo electron trajectory simulation which calculates the discrete distribution of primary x-ray generation. RP MYKLEBUST, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MICROANAL RES GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA RN803 UT WOS:A1995RN80300005 ER PT J AU POQUERUSSE, M MCINTOSH, PS AF POQUERUSSE, M MCINTOSH, PS TI TYPE-III RADIO-BURST PRODUCTIVITY OF SOLAR-FLARES .2. MAGNETIC GEOMETRY ABOVE ACTIVE REGIONS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; CORONAL STREAMERS; EMISSION; SCATTERING; FIELD; SUNSPOTS; NANCAY; FLUX; SUN; MHZ AB We study the occurrence probability of type III radio bursts during flares as a function of the flare position on the Sun. We find that this probability peaks around 30 degrees east of the central meridian, which points to a reciprocal tilt of the average radiation pattern of type IIIs. We argue that anisotropic scattering of the radiation by overdense coronal fibers parallel to the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the orientation of radiation patterns. It follows that the average magnetic field appears to be tilted 30 degrees west from the vertical. We also find that within a given active region, the average type III production rate of flares peaks approximate to 1 degrees west of the center of gravity of all the flares of this active region. We infer that the coronal magnetic field above active regions presents a strong east-west asymmetry, resulting from the well known asymmetry at the photospheric level. As the west side of an active region covers a smaller area with stronger magnetic field than the east side, western flares are generally closer to open field lines than eastern flares. As a consequence, accelerated particles on the trailing (east) side of active regions usually stay trapped in magnetic loops, while on the leading (west) side they are more likely to escape along open lines into interplanetary space. As a result of the initial westward tilt of these open lines, we estimate that the corresponding Archimedean spiral is on average (apparently) rooted 15 degrees west of the flare. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP POQUERUSSE, M (reprint author), OBSERV MEUDON,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 159 IS 2 BP 301 EP 323 DI 10.1007/BF00686535 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RN236 UT WOS:A1995RN23600006 ER PT J AU USMANOV, AV DRYER, M AF USMANOV, AV DRYER, M TI A GLOBAL 3-D SIMULATION OF INTERPLANETARY DYNAMICS IN JUNE 1991 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND PARAMETERS; MHD MODEL; CORONAL TRANSIENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; GENERATED DISTURBANCES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MERIDIONAL PLANE; FEBRUARY 1986; FLARE AB The global dynamics of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field in June 1991 is simulated based on a fully three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical MHD model. The numerical simulation includes eight transient disturbances associated with the major solar flares of June 1991. The unique features of the present simulation are: (i) the disturbances are originated at the coronal base (1 R(s)) and their propagation through inhomogeneous ambient solar wind is simulated out to 1.5 AU; (ii) as a background for the transients, the global steady-state solar wind structure inferred from the 3-D steady-state model (Usmanov, 1993c) is used. The parameters of the initial pulses are prescribed in terms of the near-Sun shock velocities (as inferred from the metric Type II radio burst observations) relative to the preshock steady-state flow parameters at the flare sites. The computed parameters at the Earth's location for the period 1-18 June, 1991 are compared with the available observations of the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind velocity, density, and with variation of the geomagnetic activity K-p index. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP USMANOV, AV (reprint author), ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIV,INST PHYS,ST PETERSBURG 198904,RUSSIA. RI Usmanov, Arcadi/A-9860-2013 NR 58 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 159 IS 2 BP 347 EP 370 DI 10.1007/BF00686537 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RN236 UT WOS:A1995RN23600008 ER PT J AU DAGATA, JA KOPANSKI, JJ AF DAGATA, JA KOPANSKI, JJ TI SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES FOR THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The spatial resolution, sensitivity, end accuracy required for electrical characterization of device structures in the semiconductor industry suggest that scanning probe microscopy (SPM) toots may offer an alternative to existing measurement techniques. Due to their two-dimensional imaging capabilities, high spatial resolution, and nondestructive nature, SPM-based characterization tools are evolving from lab to fab. This article examines the current standard of performance for electrical measurements of semiconductor devices and the prospects for the application of SPM as a next-generation tool for dopant profiling and defect inspection of device structures. RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY OFFICE PI NASHUA PA TEN TARA BLVD 5TH FLOOR, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 38 IS 7 BP 91 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA RH539 UT WOS:A1995RH53900013 ER PT J AU WIESE, WL AF WIESE, WL TI NEWS ON FUNDAMENTAL REFERENCE DATA SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WIESE, WL (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 50 IS 8 BP 917 EP 918 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(95)99481-5 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RT073 UT WOS:A1995RT07300019 ER PT J AU SIGLER, MF AF SIGLER, MF TI BAR-CODED MEASURING SYSTEMS - REPLY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note RP SIGLER, MF (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 124 IS 4 BP 641 EP 642 DI 10.1577/1548-8659-124.4.641 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RK641 UT WOS:A1995RK64100017 ER PT J AU GATES, RS HSU, SM AF GATES, RS HSU, SM TI SILICON-NITRIDE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION - EFFECT OF OXYGENATES SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE Tribology Conference CY OCT 16-19, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; FRICTION; WEAR ID WATER AB A ball-on-three-flat (BTF) wear tester was used to investigate the boundary lubricating characteristics of oxygenates on a commercial silicon nitride. A wide variety of oxygen-containing compounds were tested neat and/or at 1% by weight in a paraffin oil. Compounds containing hydroxyl functional groups were more effective compared to a base case of neat paraffin oil. Decreases of up to 58% in friction coefficient, and 95% in wear were obtained. In most cases, films were observed in and around the wear scar, suggesting chemical reactions had taken place in the contact. Additional wear tests, conducted using neat shorter-chain linear primary alcohols, i.e., 6-10 carbons, demonstrated boundary lubrication protection, with longer chain length providing better antiwear performance. A study of several C-8 compounds with specific oxygen-containing functional groups (primary alcohol, secondary alcohols, acid aldehyde, and ketone) demonstrated that the primary alcohol had the strongest boundary lubricating effect. Varying the amount of water in the alcohols had little effect on friction and wear, suggesting that the boundary lubrication effects observed were not merely due to dissolved water in these fluids, but some characteristic chemical interaction with the hydroxyl functional group of the alcohols and acids. RP GATES, RS (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.1080/10402009508983450 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA RG463 UT WOS:A1995RG46300017 ER PT J AU GATES, RS HSU, SM AF GATES, RS HSU, SM TI SILICON-NITRIDE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION - LUBRICATION MECHANISM OF ALCOHOLS SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE Tribology Conference CY OCT 16-19, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; FRICTION; WEAR; SILICON NITRIDE ID DANGLING-BOND CENTERS; WEAR AB This paper describes the lubrication mechanism of alcohols with silicon nitride under boundary lubrication conditions. Dynamic wear tests and static chemical reaction studies were conducted to study the chemical interaction between alcohols and silicon nitride. Direct evidence of chemical reactions occurring between alcohols and silicon nitride was collected. Gel-permeation-chromatography-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption (GPC-GFAA) analysis detected the presence of high molecular weight (HMW), silicon-containing, metalloorganic compounds in the wearing contact. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of the reaction products from wear tests revealed the formation of silicon alkoxides. These alkoxides subsequently reacted to form HMW products which had been independently verified as capable of lubricating silicon nitride surfaces. A two-ball collision test was used to verify the lubricating quality of the film generated from the wear test. A lubrication mechanism is proposed in which alcohols adsorb and react with the oxide/hydroxide layer of Si3N4 to produce a bonded surface silicon alkoxide. Subsequent tribochemical reactions prompted by the surface disruption from the wearing contact cause the formation of free silicon alkoxides. These species then proceed to form a variety of silicon-containing high molecular weight products that have demonstrable lubricating ability. This mechanistic understanding provides a framework of Si3N4 lubrication. RP GATES, RS (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1080/10402009508983454 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA RG463 UT WOS:A1995RG46300022 ER PT J AU DEGOUW, JA DING, LN FROST, MJ KATO, S BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR AF DEGOUW, JA DING, LN FROST, MJ KATO, S BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR TI VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE REACTION N-2(+)(V)+H-2-]N2H++H AT THERMAL ENERGIES SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; N2+; D2 AB The hydrogen atom transfer reaction between N-2(+) and H-2 has been studied at thermal energies as a function of the initial vibrational excitation of the N: molecular ion. The rate constant is approximately the same for upsilon = 0 to upsilon = 3 and is slightly smaller for upsilon = 4. The absolute values exceed the Langevin rate, in good agreement with previous studies. The observations can be explained by a model in which the first step in the formation of N2H+ consists of a charge transfer at large intermolecular distances. Finally, it is shown that vibrational deactivation is of minor importance in the N-2(+)(upsilon) + H-2 system. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DEGOUW, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 1995 VL 240 IS 4 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00545-F PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RG423 UT WOS:A1995RG42300019 ER PT J AU ALPERT, BK AF ALPERT, BK TI HIGH-ORDER QUADRATURES FOR INTEGRAL-OPERATORS WITH SINGULAR KERNELS SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE NUMERICAL INTEGRATION; SINGULAR KERNELS; QUADRATURE RULES; CORRECTED TRAPEZOIDAL RULES AB A numerical integration method that has rapid convergence for integrands with known singularities is presented. Based on endpoint corrections to the trapezoidal rule, the quadratures are suited for the discretization of a variety of integral equations encountered in mathematical physics. The quadratures are based on a technique introduced by Rokhlin (1990). The present modification controls the growth of the quadrature weights and permits higher-order rules in practice. Several numerical examples are included. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JUN 30 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1016/0377-0427(94)00040-8 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA TB750 UT WOS:A1995TB75000007 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MS POLAK, ML BIERBAUM, VM DEPUY, CH LINEBERGER, WC AF ROBINSON, MS POLAK, ML BIERBAUM, VM DEPUY, CH LINEBERGER, WC TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ALLENE, METHYLACETYLENE, AND THE PROPARGYL RADICAL - BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES, GAS-PHASE ACIDITIES, AND ION-MOLECULE CHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ACETYLENE; ANIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; STABILITIES; PYROLYSIS; CONSTANTS; ETHYLENE; METHANOL; SINGLET AB Electron affinities and Delta H-acid are combined in a thermochemical cycle to arrive at bond dissociation energies for allene, methylacetylene, and the propargyl radical: D-0(CH2=C=CH-H) = 88.7 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), D-0(H-CH2C=CH) = 90.3 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), D-0(CH3C=C-H) = 130.2 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), and D-0(CH2=C=C-H) = 100 +/- 5 kcal mol(-1). Electron affinity measurements were determined using negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and yielded the following for the propargyl, 1-propynyl, and propadienylidene radicals: EA(CH2=C=CH) = 0.918 +/- 0.008 eV, EA(CH3C=C) = 2.718 +/- 0.008 eV, and EA(CH2=C=C) = 1.794 +/- 0.008 eV. Gas-phase acidity measurements were made using proton transfer kinetics in a flowing afterglow/selected-ion flow tube and yielded the following for allene, methylacetylene, and the propargyl radical: Delta G(acid)(CH2=C=CH-H) = 372.8 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), Delta G(acid)(H-CH2C=CH) = 374.7 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), Delta G(acid)(CH3C=C-H) = 373.4 +/- 2 kcal mol(-1), and Delta G(acid)(CH2=C=CH) = 364 +/- 5 kcal mol(-1). Delta G(acid) was converted to Delta H-acid by employing Delta S-acid: Delta H-acid(CH2=C=CH-H) = 381.1 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), Delta H-acid(H-CH2C=CH)= 382.7 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), Delta H-acid(CH3C=C-H) = 381.1 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1), and Delta H-acid(CH2=C=CH) = 372 +/- 5 kcal mol(-1). Evidence is provided for the isomerization of the allenyl anion (CH2=C=CH-) to the 1-propynyl anion (CH3C=C-) in the proton transfer reactions of CH2=C=CH- with CH3OH and CH3CH2OH. This complexity limits the precision of experimental measurements. This study explores the intricacies of determining gas phase acidity values by proton transfer reactions for systems in which isomerization can occur. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 53 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 28 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 25 BP 6766 EP 6778 DI 10.1021/ja00130a017 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RG540 UT WOS:A1995RG54000017 ER PT J AU SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ KLEIBER, PD LEONE, SR DEBEEK, SSO DRIESSEN, JPJ AF SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ KLEIBER, PD LEONE, SR DEBEEK, SSO DRIESSEN, JPJ TI ALIGNMENT PROBING OF RYDBERG STATES BY STIMULATED-EMISSION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINAL ORBITAL ALIGNMENT; ENERGY-TRANSFER; 3-VECTOR CORRELATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; COHERENCE; HE; ORIENTATION; DYNAMICS; ATOMS C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,5600 MB EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP SPAIN, EM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 24 BP 9522 EP 9531 DI 10.1063/1.468767 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RD332 UT WOS:A1995RD33200009 ER PT J AU SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ KLEIBER, PD LEONE, SR DEBEEK, SSO DRIESSEN, JPJ AF SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ KLEIBER, PD LEONE, SR DEBEEK, SSO DRIESSEN, JPJ TI ORBITAL ALIGNMENT CROSS-SECTIONS BY STIMULATED-EMISSION PROBING - THE STATE-TO-STATE CA RYDBERG PROCESS CA(4S17D D-1(2))+XE-]CA(4S18P P-1(1))+XE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,5600 MB EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP SPAIN, EM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 24 BP 9532 EP 9536 DI 10.1063/1.468768 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RD332 UT WOS:A1995RD33200010 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, AB DOBBS, FC AF WILLIAMS, AB DOBBS, FC TI A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CARIDEAN SHRIMP (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, BRESILIIDAE) FROM HYDROTHERMAL VENTS ON LOIHI SEAMOUNT, HAWAII SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID VOLCANO AB Opaepele loihi, new genus and species, is described from hydrothermal vents on Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, a mid-plate, hot-spot volcano at 18 degrees 55'N, 155 degrees 16'W, 980 m depth. This new form is related to several other bresiliid shrimps associated with hydrothermal vents, brine and hydrocarbon seeps. It has a laterally broadened triangular rostrum inconspicuously toothed on dorsal and ventral margins, carapace with pterygostomian spine present, and eyes reduced and fused mesially. This combination of characters places it in an intermediate position between a group of species in the genus Alvinocaris Williams & Chace with well developed compressed toothed rostrum, carapace with pterygostomian spine present, and eyes on separate movable stalks, and a group of species with rostrum absent (genus Rimicaris Williams) or much reduced (genus Chorocaris Martin & Hessler), carapace with pterygostomian spine absent, and eyestalks reduced and fused mesially. Only two of the vent/seep bresiliid species are now known from depths less than 1000 m, A. stactophila Williams, from hydrocarbon seeps at 5 34 m in the Gulf of Mexico, and the present new species at 980 m. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,NORFOLK,VA 23529. RP WILLIAMS, AB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SYSTEMAT LAB,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUN 22 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 BP 228 EP 237 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RF863 UT WOS:A1995RF86300007 ER PT J AU WILD, JD GELMAN, ME MILLER, AJ CHANIN, ML HAUCHECORNE, A KECKHUT, P FARLEY, R DAO, PD MERIWETHER, JW GOBBI, GP CONGEDUTI, F ADRIANI, A MCDERMID, IS MCGEE, TJ FISHBEIN, EF AF WILD, JD GELMAN, ME MILLER, AJ CHANIN, ML HAUCHECORNE, A KECKHUT, P FARLEY, R DAO, PD MERIWETHER, JW GOBBI, GP CONGEDUTI, F ADRIANI, A MCDERMID, IS MCGEE, TJ FISHBEIN, EF TI COMPARISON OF STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES FROM SEVERAL LIDARS, USING NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER AND MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER DATA AS TRANSFER REFERENCES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; RAYLEIGH LIDAR; RAMAN LIDAR AB Stratospheric temperatures derived from five different lidars are compared. Although the lidars are in five separate geographic locations, the evaluation is accomplished by comparing each of the sets of lidar data taken over the course of a year (1991-1992) with temperatures interpolated to each location from daily global temperature analyses from the National Meteorological Center (NMC). Average differences between the lidars and NMC temperatures vary for the different lidars by up to 6.7 K. Part of this large average temperature difference is shown to be due to the real temperature variation throughout the day, and the different times of observation of the NMC data and each of the lidar systems. Microwave limb sounder (MLS) data from the upper atmosphere research satellite are used to model the diurnal and semidiurnal variations in temperature for each lidar location, for each season. After adjusting for the temperature changes caused by variations in observation time, average temperature differences are reduced among four of the five lidars, compared with the NMC temperatures, but still vary by as much as 3.9 K at stratospheric altitudes between 30 and 45 km. Results of direct comparisons at two permanent lidar sites with a mobile lidar show that sometimes agreement within 1 to 2 K is achieved, but for other cases, larger average differences are seen. Since the precision of lidar temperatures has been estimated to be better than 1 K, further research is needed to reconcile this small expected error with the larger average differences deduced here using measurements made under operational conditions. C1 CNR, IST FIS ATMOSFERA, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. CNRS, SERV AERON, F-91371 VERRIERES LE BUISSON, FRANCE. USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE, BEDFORD, MA 01731 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. JET PROP LAB, WRIGHTWOOD, CA 92397 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RES & DATA SYST CORP, GREENBELT, MD USA. RP WILD, JD (reprint author), NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, CTR CLIMATE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. RI Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11105 EP 11111 DI 10.1029/95JD00631 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100004 ER PT J AU BORRMANN, S DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH MARGITAN, JJ WILSON, JC JONSSON, HH BROCK, CA LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR FERRY, GV AF BORRMANN, S DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH MARGITAN, JJ WILSON, JC JONSSON, HH BROCK, CA LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR FERRY, GV TI AEROSOLS AS DYNAMICAL TRACERS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE - OZONE VERSUS AEROSOL CORRELATION AFTER THE MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; NITROUS-OXIDE; AASE-II; SULFATE AEROSOL; EXPEDITION; HOLE; DENITRIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; WINTER; LIDAR AB Stratospheric in situ aerosol and ozone measurements aboard the NASA-operated ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft from August 1991 to May 1993 provide an opportunity to document the temporal evolution of the correlation between the stratospheric aerosol and the ozone from shortly after the Mount Pinatubo eruption until almost two years later. The observations show that at midlatitudes a linear relationship evolves between aerosol surface (or number) mixing ratios and ozone at altitudes ranging from slightly above the tropopause to 14-16 km. This correlation is linear for values of ozone from 200 to 1300 parts per billion by volume and for potential temperatures between 310 K and 467 K. The linear correlation persisted from late December 1991 until early March 1992 but degraded by October 1992. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA USA. UNIV DENVER, DENVER, CO USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP BORRMANN, S (reprint author), UNIV MAINZ, INST ATMOSPHER PHYS, BECHERWEG 21, D-55099 MAINZ, GERMANY. RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11147 EP 11156 DI 10.1029/95JD00016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100007 ER PT J AU NAYAK, AK KURYLO, MJ FAHR, A AF NAYAK, AK KURYLO, MJ FAHR, A TI UV ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS OF METHYLCHLOROFORM - TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GAS AND LIQUID-PHASE MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TRACER MODEL; METHYL CHLOROFORM; TROPOSPHERIC OH; SCATTERED-LIGHT; CH3CCL3; METHANE; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; ULTRAVIOLET; KINETICS AB The absorption cross sections for methylchloroform (CH3CCl3) have been measured in the gas phase (from 160 to approximately 240 nm) and in the liquid phase (from approximately 235 to 260 nm) over the temperature range 220-330 K. The liquid phase results were converted into effective gas phase cross sections using a wavelength shift procedure described and verified in earlier work. The results are compared with other available data in the wavelength region 185-240 nm. The multiplicity of measurements in different laboratories lends increased confidence in the quantification of uncertainties in the atmospheric (photolysis and kinetic) lifetime calculations for this important chemical species. RP NAYAK, AK (reprint author), NIST, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11185 EP 11189 DI 10.1029/95JD00695 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100011 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ TIAO, GC REINSEL, GC WUEBBLES, D BISHOP, L KERR, J NAGATANI, RM DELUISI, JJ MATEER, CL AF MILLER, AJ TIAO, GC REINSEL, GC WUEBBLES, D BISHOP, L KERR, J NAGATANI, RM DELUISI, JJ MATEER, CL TI COMPARISONS OF OBSERVED OZONE TRENDS IN THE STRATOSPHERE THROUGH EXAMINATION OF UMKEHR AND BALLOON OZONESONDE DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PROFILE; AEROSOL AB During the past several years, several authors have published results of the annual and seasonal trends depicted in the total ozone data from both satellite and ground-based observations. The examination of the vertical profile data available from the balloon ozonesonde and Umkehr observations, however, has been generally restricted to limited periods and to nonseasonal trend calculations. Within this study, we have examined the nonseasonal and the seasonal trend behavior of the ozone profile data from both ozonesonde and Umkehr measurements in a consistent manner, covering the same extended time period, 1968-1991, thus providing the first overall comparison of results. Our results reaffirm the observation of significant negative ozone trends in both the lower stratosphere (15-20 km), about -6% per decade, and upper stratosphere (35-50 km), about -6% per decade, separated by a nodal point in the region of 25-30 km. The upper stratosphere decrease is, apparently, associated with the classic gas phase chemical effect of the chlorofluorocarbons, whereas the cause of the lower stratospheric decline is still under investigation, but may well be associated with the chlorine and bromine chemistry in this region. C1 ALLIED SIGNAL INC, BUFFALO, NY 14210 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, AIR RESOURCES LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT STAT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV CHICAGO, GRAD SCH BUSINESS, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, OTTAWA, ON, CANADA. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, CTR CLIMATE ANAL, 5200 AUTH RD, ROOM 805, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11209 EP 11217 DI 10.1029/95JD00632 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100014 ER PT J AU MONTZKA, SA TRAINER, M ANGEVINE, WM FEHSENFELD, FC AF MONTZKA, SA TRAINER, M ANGEVINE, WM FEHSENFELD, FC TI MEASUREMENTS OF 3-METHYL FURAN, METHYL VINYL KETONE, AND METHACROLEIN AT A RURAL FORESTED SITE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE REACTION; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOOXIDATION; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; ISOPRENE EMISSION; OH RADICALS; HYDROXYL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY AB Three oxygenated hydrocarbons were measured in ambient air above a rural forested site in western Alabama. Mixing ratios of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and 3-methyl furan were determined during a 3-week period in the summer of 1992. While the mean mixing ratio for methyl vinyl ketone was determined to be 740 parts per 10(12) (ppt), the mean mixing ratio for methacrolein was 480 ppt. The results for methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein are compared to previously reported measurements from this same location during the summer of 1990. Although isoprene levels were lower by similar to 50% in 1992, mixing ratios of the carbonyls were reduced by only similar to 25%. These differences are discussed in light of the changes that had occurred to the forest canopy in the time elapsed between the two measurement campaigns. Despite the differences observed during the 2 years, a consistent diurnal variability is observed for methyl vinyl ketone, relative to methacrolein, during both years. In addition to a weak correlation observed between the carbonyls and temperature, levels of MVK and MACR in air sampled from just above the forest canopy are influenced by the depth of the mixed layer. A third oxidation product of isoprene, 3-methyl furan, was identified and measured in ambient air. Mean daytime mixing ratios were estimated at 60 ppt. Nighttime levels were lower, averaging 40 ppt. Mixing ratios of 3-methyl furan were highly correlated with isoprene (R(2) = 0.82), and during the day, were typically similar to 2% of levels measured for isoprene. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP MONTZKA, SA (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 34 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11393 EP 11401 DI 10.1029/95JD01132 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100028 ER PT J AU YIENGER, JJ LEVY, H AF YIENGER, JJ LEVY, H TI EMPIRICAL-MODEL OF GLOBAL SOIL-BIOGENIC NOX EMISSIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; DRY TROPICAL FOREST; NITRIC-OXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; SAVANNA SOILS; UNITED-STATES AB We construct a global, temperature and precipitation dependent, empirical model of soil-biogenic NO,emissions using 6-hour general circulation model forcing. New features of this source relative to the latest published ones by Dignon et al. [1992] and Muller [1999] include synoptic-scale modeling of ''pulsing'' (the emissions burst following the wetting of a dry soil), a biome dependent scheme to estimate canopy recapture of NO, and an explicit linear dependence of emission on N fertilizer rate for agricultural soils. Our best estimate for annual above-canopy emissions is 5.5 Tg N (NO,) with a range of 3.3-7.7 Tg N. Globally, the strongest emitters are agriculture, grasslands, and tropical rain forests, accounting for 41%, 35%, and 16% of the annual budget, respectively. ''Pulsing'' contributes 1.3 Tg N annually. In temperate regions, agriculture dominates emission, and in tropical regions, grassland dominates. Canopy recapture is significant, consuming, on average, possibly 50% of soil emissions. In temperate regions, periodic temperature changes associated with synoptic-scale disturbances can cause emission fluctuations of up to 20 ng N m(-2) s(-1), indicating a close a correlation between emission and warm weather events favorable to O-3/smog formation. By the year 2025, increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer may raise total annual emissions to 6.9 Tg N with agriculture accounting for more than 50% of the global source. Finally, biomass burning may add up to an additional 0.6 Tg N globally by stimulating emissions for a short period after the burn. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 75 TC 450 Z9 466 U1 7 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11447 EP 11464 DI 10.1029/95JD00370 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100032 ER PT J AU MASARIE, KA TANS, PP AF MASARIE, KA TANS, PP TI EXTENSION AND INTEGRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE DATA INTO A GLOBALLY CONSISTENT MEASUREMENT RECORD SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; TRACER MODEL; CO2; TRANSPORT; SINKS AB Atmospheric transport models are used to constrain sources and sinks of carbon dioxide by requiring that the modeled spatial and temporal concentration patterns are consistent with the observations. Serious obstacles to this approach are the sparsity of sampling sites and the lack of temporal continuity among observations at different locations. A procedure is presented that attempts to extend the knowledge gained during a limited period of measurements beyond the period itself resulting in records containing measurement data and extrapolated and interpolated values. From limited measurements we can define trace gas climatologies that describe average seasonal cycles, trends, and changes in trends at individual sampling sites. A comparison of the site climatologies with a reference defined over a much longer period of time constitutes the framework used in the development of the data extension procedure. Two extension methods are,described. The benchmark trend method uses a deseasonalized long-term trend from a single site as a reference to individual site climatologies. The latitude reference method utilizes measurements from many sites in constructing a reference to the climatologies. Both methods are evaluated and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Data extension is not based on any atmospheric models but entirely on the data themselves. The methods described here are relatively straightforward and reproducible and result in extended records that are model independent. The cooperative air sampling network maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, provides a test bed for the development of the data extension method; we intend to integrate and extend CO2 measurement records from other laboratories providing a globally consistent atmospheric CO2 database to the modeling community. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP MASARIE, KA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 24 TC 201 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11593 EP 11610 DI 10.1029/95JD00859 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100044 ER PT J AU CHEN, CT RAMASWAMY, V AF CHEN, CT RAMASWAMY, V TI PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SOLAR RADIATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW CLOUDS AND STUDIES WITH A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; ABSORPTION AB A broadband parameterization that improves the quantitative estimates of the solar radiative characteristics of low clouds is developed using reference solutions. The accuracy of the parameterization in determining the shortwave cloud absorption for a wide variety of low-cloud conditions is better than 20%. Other broadband treatments, which do not adequately account for the influences due to above- and in-cloud water vapor and water drop extinction, are also considered to investigate the sensitivity to these factors. The computed northern hemisphere summertime fluxes reveal that (1) the absorbed solar flux in low clouds (F-abs) is overestimated at high latitudes if the effect of attenuation by the above-cloud vapor is ignored in the determination of the water drop absorption, (2) F-abs is underestimated in the tropical regions if in-cloud vapor absorption is not considered, and (3) the conservative scattering assumption for drops yields a substantial underestimate of F-abs at most latitudes. General circulation model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures and cloud amounts further highlight the significance of the vapor and drop optical properties. Differences in the broadband treatment of the radiative interactions with vapor and drops in low clouds introduce changes in the solar fluxes absorbed by the atmosphere and the surface; for the cases considered here, the solar flux change at the top of the atmosphere differs in sign from that at the surface. The flux differences bring about changes in vertical motion and precipitation; these, in turn, are accompanied by perturbations in the various components of the land surface heat (e.g., latent and sensible heat losses) and moisture (e.g., soil moisture, evaporation) budgets. For approximately similar solar flux differences the changes in the vertical motion, precipitation, and land surface parameters are dissimilar in the tropical and the midlatitude continental regions. Thus because of the adjustments in the atmosphere and the coupling between the atmosphere and the land surface processes, solar flux differences due to biases or deficiencies in the radiative treatment of vapor and drops affect the simulation of the hydrologic fields and the heat balance, including the atmospheric and land surface temperatures. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D6 BP 11611 EP 11622 DI 10.1029/95JD00590 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF051 UT WOS:A1995RF05100045 ER PT J AU BLOKHUIS, EM BEDEAUX, D HOLCOMB, CD ZOLLWEG, JA AF BLOKHUIS, EM BEDEAUX, D HOLCOMB, CD ZOLLWEG, JA TI TAIL CORRECTIONS TO THE SURFACE-TENSION OF A LENNARD-JONES LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID SIMULATION AB The Kirkwood-Buff formula for surface tension is used to derive an expression for the tail correction to the surface tension. This expression reduces to the expression for the tail correction, given by Chapela, G. A., Saville, G., Thompson, G., and Rowlinson, J. S. (1977, J. chem. Soc. Faraday Trans II, 8, 1133), when the interface is sharp but differs from it near the critical point. The difference appears to be the result of a mistake in the algebra by Chapela et al. In an example we show that, for a comparison with the surface tension of real fluids, both the tail correction to the surface tension, and the influence of the cut-off radius on the phase diagram are important. C1 GORLAEUS LABS,DEPT PHYS & MACROMOLEC CHEM,2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. CORNELL UNIV,SCH CHEM ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BLOKHUIS, EM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BAKER LAB,DEPT CHEM,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Blokhuis, Edgar/L-9711-2016 NR 8 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1080/00268979500101371 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RM016 UT WOS:A1995RM01600016 ER PT J AU GRIGEREIT, TE LYNN, JW CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF AF GRIGEREIT, TE LYNN, JW CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF CRYSTAL-FIELD ENERGY-LEVELS AND FIELD-DEPENDENCE OF THE MAGNETIC ORDER IN SUPERCONDUCTING HONI2B2C SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID ERRH4B4 AB Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements have been carried out to investigate the magnetic properties of superconducting (T-c similar to 8 K) HoNi2B2C. The inelastic measurements reveal that the lowest two crystal field transitions out of the ground state occur at 11.28(3) and 16.00(2) meV, while the transition of 4.70(9) meV between these two levels is observed at elevated temperatures. The temperature dependence of the intensities of these transitions is consistent with both the ground state and these higher levels being magnetic doublers. The system becomes magnetically long range ordered below 8 K, and since this ordering energy kT(N) approximate to 0.69 meV much less than 11.28 meV the magnetic properties in the ordered phase are dominated by the ground-state spin dynamics only. The low temperature structure, which coexists with superconductivity, consists of ferromagnetic sheets of Ho3+ moments in the a - b plane, with the sheets coupled antiferromagnetically along the c-axis. The magnetic stare that initially forms on cooling, however, is dominated by an incommensurate spiral antiferromagnetic state along the c-axis, with wave vector q(c) similar to 0.054 Angstrom(-1), in which these ferromagnetic sheets are canted from their low temperature antiparallel configuration by similar to 17 degrees. The intensity for this spiral state reaches a maximum near the reentrant superconducting transition at similar to 5 K; the spiral state then collapses at lower temperature in favor of the commensurate antiferroma,gnetic state. We have investigated the field dependence of the magnetic order at and above this reentrant superconducting transition. Initially the field rotates the powder particles to align the a - b plane along the field direction, demonstrating that the moments strongly prefer to lie within this plane due to the crystal field anisotropy. Upon subsequently increasing the field at constant T the antiferromagnetic and spiral states are both observed to decrease in intensity, but at modest fields the spiral state decreases much less rapidly. Approaching the superconducting phase boundary from high fields, we find that the spiral state is strongly preferred, in deference to the superconductivity, again demonstrating a direct coupling between these two cooperative phenomena. The magnitude of the spiral wave vector q,, on the other hand, shows very little field dependence. A magnetic moment of 8.2 +/- 0.2 mu(B) for the Ho3+ is Obtained from the observed field dependence of the induced moment at high fields (7T). C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP GRIGEREIT, TE (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 248 IS 3-4 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00312-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RJ450 UT WOS:A1995RJ45000020 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B BAUER, BJ AF HAMMOUDA, B BAUER, BJ TI COMPRESSIBILITY OF 2 POLYMER BLEND MIXTURES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS; HOMOPOLYMER MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; STATE; DEPENDENCE; EQUATIONS; SANS AB Small-angle neutron scattering measurements have been performed on two polymer blend systems under pressure. Deuterated polystyrene (PSD)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and PSD/poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) blends have been investigated over a range of temperatures and pressures. For the PSD/PVME blend, three compositions were investigated, whereas for the PSD/PBMA. system, only one composition was measured. It was found that pressure has the effect of enhancing miscibility for both blends. Our PSD/PVME measurements have shown strong pressure effects on the scattered intensity but no weakening of the composition dependence of the Flory-Huggins chi parameter under applied pressure; this eliminates compressibility as a possible cause for the origin of the composition dependence of chi in this blend system. Moreover, both the entropic part, C, and the enthalpic part, D, of the chi parameter (chi = C + D/T, where T is absolute temperature) were found to depend on pressure. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 235,E151,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 19 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 13 BP 4505 EP 4508 DI 10.1021/ma00117a019 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RF177 UT WOS:A1995RF17700019 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B LIN, CC BALSARA, NP AF HAMMOUDA, B LIN, CC BALSARA, NP TI COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS IN A SOLVATED POLYSTYRENE-POLYISOPRENE DIBLOCK COPOLYMER SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TRANSITION; POLYMERS C1 POLYTECH INST NEW YORK, DEPT CHEM ENGN, BROOKLYN, NY 11201 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BLDG 235, E151, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 19 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 13 BP 4765 EP 4767 DI 10.1021/ma00117a065 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RF177 UT WOS:A1995RF17700065 ER PT J AU KRAUSS, M OSMAN, R AF KRAUSS, M OSMAN, R TI ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA OF H AND OH ADDUCTS TO BENZENE SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADICALS AB Hydrogen and hydroxyl radical adducts to benzene are intermediates in its oxidative degradation. Their presence can be detected by a UV absorption near 310 nm. However, ab initio calculations of the 1,4-cyclohexadienyl structure for the ground state in both adducts suggests the likelihood of an additional absorption in the visible. Calculations indicate that the observed absorption is to the second excited state. Absorption to the first excited state is calculated to have a much smaller oscillator strength than the observed second excited state. The predicted spectra of the H and OH adducts are similar. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP KRAUSS, M (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 1995 VL 239 IS 4-6 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00463-E PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RE253 UT WOS:A1995RE25300010 ER PT J AU EZER, T MELLOR, GL GREATBATCH, RJ AF EZER, T MELLOR, GL GREATBATCH, RJ TI ON THE INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN - MODEL SIMULATED CHANGES IN TRANSPORT, MERIDIONAL HEAT-FLUX AND COASTAL SEA-LEVEL BETWEEN 1955-1959 AND 1970-1974 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GULF-STREAM; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE AB Previous studies by Greatbatch et al. (1991) indicate significant changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline structure and circulation between the pentads 1955-1959 and 1970-1974, using data analyzed by Levitus (1989a,b,c) and a simple diagnostic model by Mellor et al. (1982). In this paper these changes are modeled using a three-dimensional, free surface, coastal ocean model. Diagnostic and short-term prognostic calculations are used to infer the dynamically adjusted fields corresponding to the observed hydrographic and wind stress climatology of each pentad. While the results agree with earlier studies indicating that the Gulf Stream was considerably weaker (by about 30 Sv) during the 1970s compared to the 1950s, they also indicate some changes in the poleward heat transport, although the statistical significance of these changes relative to sampling errors in the data is not clear. The change of wind pattern between the two pentads, associated with changes in sea surface temperature, resulted in changes in the Ekman contribution to the poleward heat flux transport. The modeled sea level along the North American coast shows a sea level rise of about 5-10 cm between 1955-1959 and 1970-1974; a comparison with observed sea level at 15 tide gage stations shows good agreement. Most of the coastal sea level change is attributed to changes in thermohaline ocean circulation and wind stress; thermal expansion seems to play a lesser role. The methodology tested here demonstrates an effective way to estimate climate changes in ocean circulation and sea level from observed hydrographic data and winds using ocean models to enhance and analyze the data. C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT PHYS,ST JOHNS,NF A1B 3X7,CANADA. RP EZER, T (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,POB CN710,SAYRE HALL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C6 BP 10559 EP 10566 DI 10.1029/95JC00659 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RD775 UT WOS:A1995RD77500001 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WS MCPHADEN, MJ WEICKMANN, KM AF KESSLER, WS MCPHADEN, MJ WEICKMANN, KM TI FORCING OF INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; 30-60 DAY OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; WESTERN PACIFIC; ROSSBY WAVES; SEA-LEVEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; ZONAL WIND AB Ten-year time series of sea surface temperature (SST), 20 degrees C depth, and zonal winds measured by moored buoys across the equatorial Pacific are used to define the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day period) Kelvin waves. The Kelvin waves are observed to be forced west of the date line and propagate at a speed of 2.4 m s(-1), with high zonal coherence over at least 10,000 km. They form a major component of thermocline depth variability in the east-central Pacific. The intraseasonal-band variance has a low-frequency modulation both at the annual and interannual frequencies; higher amplitudes are observed in boreal fall/winter and during the onset phase of El Nino warm events. The oceanic intraseasonal variability and its low-frequency modulation are coherent with atmospheric intraseasonal variations (the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)), which are known to propagate eastward into the Pacific from the Indian Ocean as part of a planetary-Scale signal. The life cycle of an individual or series of MJOs is determined by a combination of factors including tropical SSTs over the warm pool regions of the Indian and Pacific Oceans and interaction with the planetary-scale atmospheric circulation. Thus the intraseasonal Kelvin waves should be taken as an aspect of a global phenomenon, not simply internal to the Pacific. The oceanic intraseasonal variability peaks at periods near 60-75 days, while the corresponding atmospheric variations have somewhat higher frequencies (35- to 60-day periods). We show that this period offset is potentially related to the zonal fetch of the wind compared to the frequency-dependent zonal wavelength of the Kelvin wave response. A simple model is formulated that suggests an ocean-atmosphere coupling by which zonal advection of SST feeds back to the atmosphere; the model duplicates the steplike advance of warm water and westerly winds across the Pacific at the onset of the El Nino of 1991-1992. The key dynamics of the model is that the atmosphere responds rapidly to the state of the ocean, but the ocean's response to the atmosphere is lagged because it is an integral over the entire wind forcing history felt by the wave. This results in a nonlinear ordinary differential equation that allows a net nonzero low-frequency ocean signal to develop from zero-mean sinusoidal forcing at intraseasonal frequencies. C1 NOAA,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KESSLER, WS (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 59 TC 286 Z9 291 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C6 BP 10613 EP 10631 DI 10.1029/95JC00382 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RD775 UT WOS:A1995RD77500004 ER PT J AU MOFJELD, HO GONZALEZ, FI EBLE, MC NEWMAN, JC AF MOFJELD, HO GONZALEZ, FI EBLE, MC NEWMAN, JC TI OCEAN TIDES IN THE CONTINENTAL-MARGIN OFF THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SHELF SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WAVES AB A comparison of bottom pressure observations and global tide models shows that the regional distributions of the diurnal and semidiurnal tides off the Oregon and Washington shelves are determined mainly by the large-scale amphidromic systems in the North Pacific Ocean. These cause the tidal amplitudes to increase toward the northeast and the phase lags to increase toward the northwest. Within 200-500 km of the shelfbreak, the curving continental boundary causes the cophase lines to be closely packed near Cape Mendocino and more widely spread in the bight to the north. Farther seaward, the M(2) tide is consistent with a Kelvin wave propagating along the British Columbia boundary (315 degrees T), while the K-1 tide decays offshore more slowly than expected from Kelvin wave theory. A long-term (4.2-year) bottom pressure series at Axial Seamount (45 degrees 58'N, 130 degrees 00'W; depth 1540 m) yields a nongravitational S'(2) tide that is consistent with a large-scale barotropic tide extending seaward from the coast. At lower frequencies, the observed Mf amplitude matches recent global models, while the M, phase lag is marginally earlier than model phases. Nearby Mf currents are bottom-trapped and consistent in phase with quasi-geostrophic dynamics; their magnitudes near the bottom are much larger than barotropic M(f) currents observed farther west in the North Pacific. The models reproduce the distributions of the diurnal and semidiurnal harmonic constants but with broad-scale offsets in the amplitudes and phase lags. These offsets cause errors (standard deviation = 3.0 cm) in predicted time series of the diurnal and semidiurnal tides that fluctuate on fortnightly to interannual timescales. The less than or equal to 29% seasonal variations of the errors are largest in winter and are modulated by PS-year fluctuations associated with the nodal cycle. In situ measurements can be used to remove these regional offsets. This would improve the temporal and spatial resolution of nontidal sea level estimates that are based on satellite altimeter data. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP MOFJELD, HO (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C6 BP 10789 EP 10800 DI 10.1029/95JC00687 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RD775 UT WOS:A1995RD77500013 ER PT J AU JONES, RM AF JONES, RM TI ON USING AMBIENT INTERNAL WAVES TO MONITOR BRUNT-VAISALA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION AB The practicality of obtaining significant information about profiles of Brunt-Vaisala frequency from surface observations of internal waves is investigated. The inversion method investigated uses a three-dimensional Fourier transform (two spatial and one temporal) to determine the dispersion relations of the internal-wave modes and Abel transforms to estimate those aspects of the Brunt-Vaisala: frequency profile to which internal-wave dispersion relations are sensitive. If classical Fourier transforms are used to estimate the modal dispersion relations, observations over a 200-km square region for 17 hours would be necessary to obtain about a 15% error for one profile. However, if nonlinear methods, such as maximum entropy, could be extended to three dimensions, it might be practical to obtain significant information about profiles of Brunt-Vaisala frequency by observing a 40-km square region for only 3 hours. This technique cannot be used when there are no significant surface manifestations of internal waves, such as during rough seas or when a significant mixed layer is present. The ambiguity of the inversion is increased when the Brunt-Vaisala frequency profile has multiple maxima. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. OI JONES, RICHARD MICHAEL/0000-0002-9493-7456 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C6 BP 11005 EP 11011 DI 10.1029/95JC00139 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RD775 UT WOS:A1995RD77500027 ER PT J AU CHYLEK, P LI, J AF CHYLEK, P LI, J TI LIGHT-SCATTERING BY SMALL PARTICLES IN AN INTERMEDIATE REGION SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Note ID ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION APPROXIMATION; ABSORPTION; RADIATION AB The light scattering in the intermediate case is discussed in comparison with Rayleigh-Gans scattering and anomalous diffraction approximation. The general formulae for extinction, scattering and absorption efficiencies in the intermediate case are derived. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV, DEPT OCEANOG, HALIFAX, NS B3H 3J5, CANADA. SUNY ALBANY, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, ALBANY, NY USA. PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. RP CHYLEK, P (reprint author), DALHOUSIE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, ATMOSPHER SCI PROGRAM, HALIFAX, NS B3H 3J5, CANADA. RI Li, Jiangnan/J-6262-2016 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(95)00191-A PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA RE542 UT WOS:A1995RE54200002 ER PT J AU VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZERBETTO, SC HOLECEK, JC EVENSON, KM AF VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZERBETTO, SC HOLECEK, JC EVENSON, KM TI SHORT-WAVELENGTH FAR-INFRARED LASER CAVITY YIELDING NEW LINES IN METHANOL SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report 16 new laser lines generated in a short-wavelength far-infrared Fabry-Perot laser cavity, The CO2 pump laser is coupled into the far-infrared laser outside the far-infrared laser mode, and the cavity uses a 45 degrees adjustable output coupling mirror; this combination results in a low-loss Fabry-Perot cavity for wavelengths below 150 mu m. The new lines are of medium and strong intensity and have wavelengths in the region 26.2-125.7 mu m. RP VASCONCELLOS, ECC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1392 EP 1393 DI 10.1364/OL.20.001392 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA RD232 UT WOS:A1995RD23200014 PM 19862025 ER PT J AU STERR, U BARD, A SANSONETTI, CJ ROLSTON, SL GILLASPY, JD AF STERR, U BARD, A SANSONETTI, CJ ROLSTON, SL GILLASPY, JD TI DETERMINATION OF THE XENON 6S[3/2](2)-6S'[1/2](0) CLOCK FREQUENCY BY INTERFEROMETRIC WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We have determined the wave number of the optical two-photon clock transition 6s[3/2](2)-6s'[1/2](0) in xenon by interferometrically comparing the wavelengths of the 6s [3/2](2)-6p'[1/2](1) (lambda = 450 nm) and 6s'[1/2](0)-6p'[1/2](1) (lambda = 764 nm) transitions with an iodine-stabilized 633-nm He-Ne laser. These measurements determine the frequency of the two-photon transition [4564.610902(13) cm(-1) for Xe-132] to better than 1 MHz and provide precise values for the isotope shifts and the hyperfine structures of these transitions. RP STERR, U (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NIST,DIV ATOM PHYS,PHYS A 167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1423 DI 10.1364/OL.20.001421 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA RD232 UT WOS:A1995RD23200024 PM 19862035 ER PT J AU TEWARY, VK AF TEWARY, VK TI COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT REPRESENTATION FOR ELASTOSTATIC AND ELASTODYNAMIC GREENS-FUNCTIONS FOR ANISOTROPIC SOLIDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVES RP TEWARY, VK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 22 BP 15695 EP 15702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.15695 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RD552 UT WOS:A1995RD55200001 ER PT J AU BERLINER, R SMITH, HG COPLEY, JRD TRIVISONNO, J AF BERLINER, R SMITH, HG COPLEY, JRD TRIVISONNO, J TI STRUCTURES OF SODIUM METAL - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID MARTENSITIC PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; BCC; LITHIUM; TRANSITION C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. JOHN CARROLL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CLEVELAND,OH 44118. RP BERLINER, R (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,CTR RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 22 BP 16467 EP 16469 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.16467 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RD552 UT WOS:A1995RD55200099 ER PT J AU DEILAMIAN, K GILLASPY, JD KELLEHER, DE AF DEILAMIAN, K GILLASPY, JD KELLEHER, DE TI SEARCH FOR SMALL VIOLATIONS OF THE SYMMETRIZATION POSTULATE IN AN EXCITED-STATE OF HELIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; PAULI EXCLUSION-PRINCIPLE; BOSE STATISTICS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; SHIFTS; FERMI; PARTICLES; ELECTRONS; LIMIT RP NIST, PHYS LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 24 BP 4787 EP 4790 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4787 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RC191 UT WOS:A1995RC19100007 ER PT J AU JOHANSSON, S BRAGE, T LECKRONE, DS NAVE, G WAHLGREN, GM AF JOHANSSON, S BRAGE, T LECKRONE, DS NAVE, G WAHLGREN, GM TI INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALOUS ULTRAVIOLET TRANSITIONS OF FE-II OBSERVED IN LABORATORY FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRA AND STELLAR HST AND IUE SPECTRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; LINE, IDENTIFICATION; METHODS, LABORATORY STARS, INDIVIDUAL (CHI LUPI, 32 CYGNI); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID B-STAR; LINES AB We discuss LS-forbidden Delta S = 2 transitions of Fe Pi that appear as strong lines in ultraviolet stellar and laboratory spectra. The lines occur because of indirect lever mixing-two close energy levels, w(2)P(3/2) and x(6)P(3/2), are mixed through a third level acting as a catalyst. In transition multiplets, that involve either the w(2)P(3/2) or the x(6)P(3/2) level the normal component is accompanied by a close, parasite component. These components are well resolved in laboratory Fourier transform spectra, from which accurate intensity ratios can be measured. Spectra of the HgMn star chi Lupi, recorded with the Hubble Space Telescope, show the normal and the parasite components resolved for the first time in stellar spectra. These have been used together with laboratory spectra to derive oscillator strengths for four multiplets and the mixing coefficients for the two interacting energy levels. We also provide improved spectroscopic data for all Fe Pi multiplets that include the w(2)P(3/2) and x(6)P(3/2) levels. The level mixing involves the UV 191 multiplet of Fe Pi around 1780 Angstrom, which is shown to have one parasite component. This multiplet is known to be a prominent emission feature in spectra of various objects, e.g., cool star chromospheres and symbiotic stars. As an example, we show IUE spectra of the eclipsing binary 32 Cyg, which provides perfect conditions for fluorescence experiments, and discuss possible excitation mechanisms of UV 191. Based on second-order perturbation theory and multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations, an atomic three-level model is constructed. This model explains the contradiction found when applying first-order perturbation theory, viz., two close energy levels perturbing each other without causing a repulsion. C1 NIST,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,COMP SCI CORP & GHRS SCI TEAM,ASTRON PROGRAM,GREENBELT,MD 20771. LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. RP JOHANSSON, S (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. OI Brage, Tomas/0000-0003-3985-767X NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1995 VL 446 IS 1 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1086/175795 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RF810 UT WOS:A1995RF81000035 ER PT J AU SMITH, DF MILLER, JA AF SMITH, DF MILLER, JA TI ALFVEN TURBULENCE DISSIPATION IN PROTON INJECTION AND ACCELERATION IN SOLAR-FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; MHD; SUN, CORONA; SUN, FLARES; SUN, PARTICLE EMISSION WAVES ID STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; WAVES; WIND AB We consider coronal proton acceleration by a spectrum of parallel-propagating Alfven waves. Both the nonlinear and linear aspects of this acceleration are included but the Alfven wave spectrum and total wave energy density are taken as fixed. The proton distribution is followed in detail numerically. The process of nonlinear Landau damping or beat-wave acceleration acts effectively to pull protons from the bulk to beyond the Alfven velocity, the threshold for gyroresonant or linear acceleration. The gyroresonant acceleration then accelerates a density of 10(6) cm(-3) of protons beyond 10 MeV as required by the observations. For a Kolmogorov spectrum of equal quantities of left- and right-hand polarized waves, moving in both directions along the magnetic field of energy density 1.8 ergs s(-3), this density of more than 10 MeV protons occurs in 3 s; there is no production of more than 10 MeV protons in the first second for an initial temperature of 2.0 x 10(7) K and density of 5.2 x 10(9) cm(-3). The total energy expended is 100.2 ergs cm(-3) and the efficiency is 16.5% to beyond 10 MeV. These results satisfy all existing observations. Within the limitation of a fixed wave spectrum and level, this is the first demonstration that Alfven wave turbulence alone can without any auxiliary injection, produce all of the proton acceleration required in impulsive solar flares. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT PHYS, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA. NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP SMITH, DF (reprint author), BERKELEY RES ASSOC, 290 GREEN ROCK DR, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1995 VL 446 IS 1 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1086/175798 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RF810 UT WOS:A1995RF81000038 ER PT J AU HUANG, Q CHEN, CH KUMAR, B AF HUANG, Q CHEN, CH KUMAR, B TI NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF NA-DOPED Y-1-2-3 HIGH-T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article AB The structure of Na-doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconductor has been studied at room temperature with the neutronpowder-diffraction action method and profile analysis. The compound is found to be orthorhombic with space group Pmmm. Naf ions randomly substitute for about 9% of the Y3+ ions at the Y site (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). The substitution reduces the charge at the Y sites and results in a shifting of oxygen in the Cu(2) layer away from the Y site as well as barium towards the Y site. Good agreement in the fit is obtained by assuming that oxygen in the Cu(1) layer fully or almost fully occupies the O(4) site and partially occupies the O(5) site. Moreover, the O(4) sites are possibly disordered by about 0.2 Angstrom away from the ideal positions towards barium. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP HUANG, Q (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 10 PY 1995 VL 248 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00228-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RF370 UT WOS:A1995RF37000010 ER PT J AU HARMAN, D BUCKLEY, C CALLAN, J DUMAIS, S LEWIS, D ROBERTSON, S SMEATON, A JONES, KS TONG, R AF HARMAN, D BUCKLEY, C CALLAN, J DUMAIS, S LEWIS, D ROBERTSON, S SMEATON, A JONES, KS TONG, R TI PERFORMANCE OF TEXT RETRIEVAL-SYSTEMS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT COMP SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. BELLCORE LABS,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07974. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. CITY UNIV LONDON,DEPT INFORMAT SCI,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. DUBLIN CITY UNIV,DUBLIN 9,IRELAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,COMP LAB,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. VERITY INC,MT VIEW,CA 94043. RP HARMAN, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 9 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5216 BP 1417 EP 1418 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RC190 UT WOS:A1995RC19000004 ER PT J AU VANZANTEN, JH AF VANZANTEN, JH TI THE ZIMM PLOT AND ITS ANALOGS AS INDICATORS OF VESICLE AND MICELLE SIZE POLYDISPERSITY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; LIPOSOMES RP VANZANTEN, JH (reprint author), NIST, DIV POLYMERS, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 22 BP 9121 EP 9128 DI 10.1063/1.468860 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RC468 UT WOS:A1995RC46800044 ER PT J AU NAHUM, M MARTINIS, JM AF NAHUM, M MARTINIS, JM TI HOT-ELECTRON MICROCALORIMETERS AS HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY-DETECTORS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 10 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 23 BP 3203 EP 3205 DI 10.1063/1.113723 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RB347 UT WOS:A1995RB34700040 ER PT J AU LARSEN, BH BENZ, SP AF LARSEN, BH BENZ, SP TI STABLE PHASE-LOCKING IN A 2-CELL LADDER ARRAY OF JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RANGE C1 TECH UNIV DENMARK,INST PHYS,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP LARSEN, BH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Larsen, Britt Hvolbak/G-4453-2012 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 23 BP 3209 EP 3211 DI 10.1063/1.113725 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RB347 UT WOS:A1995RB34700042 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ TI PERMEATION TUBE APPROACH TO LONG-TERM USE OF AUTOMATIC SAMPLER RETENTION INDEX STANDARDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article AB A permeation tube that is sealed internally in a commercially-available automatic sampler vial provides a simple and convenient method of preparing, using, and storing standard retention index samples for long periods of time. The approach is especially suited to the handling of volatile organic compounds that are very important in fuels research, alternative refrigerant research and in many environmental analyses. It also provides the very desirable feature of dispensing sample that is at very low concentration or even at infinite dilution, since no commercial automatic sampler is currently capable of doing this for the analyst. The device is very simple, and can be constructed and prepared with a liquid sample in a few minutes. It requires the use of minimal quantities of sample, and substantially decreases the hazards associated with handling volatile organics in the laboratory. RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 2 PY 1995 VL 704 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00184-O PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RD314 UT WOS:A1995RD31400016 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, DE SWYT, CR MYKLEBUST, RL AF NEWBURY, DE SWYT, CR MYKLEBUST, RL TI STANDARDLESS QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON-PROBE MICROANALYSIS WITH ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY - IS IT WORTH THE RISK SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB ''Standardless'' procedures for quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis attempt to eliminate the need for standardization through calculation of standard (pure element) intensities, Either ''first principles'' calculations, which account for all aspects of X-ray generation, propagation, and detection, or ''fitted standards'' calculations, which use mathematical fits to measured intensities from a limited set of pure standards, can form the basis for standardless analysis, The first principles standardless analysis procedure embedded in the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Standards and Technology comprehensive X-ray calculation engine and database, Desktop Spectrum Analyzer, has been tested against spectra measured on MST standard reference materials, research materials, and binary compounds, The resulting distribution of errors is broad, ranging from -90% to +150% relative, First principles standardless analysis can thus lead to unacceptably large errors. C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP NEWBURY, DE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1866 EP 1871 DI 10.1021/ac00107a017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RA091 UT WOS:A1995RA09100021 PM 9306735 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ AF POWELL, CJ TI ELEMENTAL BINDING-ENERGIES FOR X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ANALYSIS; CORE; SPECTROMETERS; CALIBRATION; COMMITTEE; ESCA AB A report is presented here of an analysis of core-electron binding-energy (BE) data for solid elements from four sources. For each set of data, a single instrument had been used to measure BEs for many elements. In order to compare BEs from these four sources, it was necessary to recalibrate the BE scales of three instruments; this recalibration was performed using reference data from the UK National Physical Laboratory and a draft calibration standard. Mean BEs were then computed for those elements and core levels for which there were two or more measurements. Finally, individual differences from the mean values were calculated; this analysis disclosed several discrepancies in data due either to differences in specimens or to possible mistakes. Plots of differences in BE values from mean values versus BE indicated that the BE scales of the four instruments were close to linear. The mean BE values for each element appear to be a useful reference set for the determination of chemical shifts in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 89 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0169-4332(95)00027-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA RB359 UT WOS:A1995RB35900005 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Mackenzie, FT AF Sabine, Christopher L. Mackenzie, Fred T. TI Bank-Derived Carbonate Sediment Transport and Dissolution in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bank-derived carbonates; magnesian calcite; sediment trap; flux; carbon chemistry; CO2 sink; global change ID LOW-MAGNESIAN CALCITE; GREAT BAHAMA BANK; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; WATER COLUMN; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SETTLING PARTICLES; NICARAGUA RISE; SOUTH-PACIFIC; DEEP OCEAN AB This investigation used two approaches to examine the flux of bank-derived carbonate particles and determine the potential influence of benthic carbonate particle dissolution on the carbon chemistry of the waters around the Hawaiian Archipelago. First, the particle flux near several representative carbonate banks in the Hawaiian Archipelago was measured and compared with the flux at a distal site (ALOHA) approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. The results of four sediment trap deployments on three carbonate banks in the Hawaiian Archipelago demonstrate that the flux of bank-derived carbonate particles are consistently one to two orders of magnitude higher than the fluxes at the distal station. Furthermore, the mineralogy of the carbonate flux near the banks, which includes very soluble bank-derived aragonite and magnesian calcite particles, is distinctly different from that of the distal fluxes. Second, the chemistry of the waters at each bank station along the archipelago was characterized and compared with the chemistry of the distal waters to determine if differences in the particle flux were reflected in the carbon chemistry. Higher alkalinity and carbonate ion concentrations were observed around all of the banks studied. The saturation state of these waters suggests that the dissolution of some magnesian calcite and aragonite phases could explain the higher alkalinity values. Calculations suggest that the dissolution of benthically-derived aragonite and magnesian calcite may be an important component of the North Pacific alkalinity budget and a potential sink for anthropogenic CO2. C1 [Sabine, Christopher L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys Sci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys Sci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU NSF [EAR-8816350, 8915536]; Project Development Fund of the University of Hawaii FX We thank D. Karl, C. Winn and all of the HOT program personnel and cruise participants that helped us deploy our traps on the JGOFS sediment trap array and National Marine Fisheries for allowing us to participate in their cruises to Penguin Bank and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. We also thank Dr. P Betzer, Dr. J. Cowen and Dr. A Kay for their assistance in identifying the sediment trap particles. This research was funded by NSF Grants EAR-8816350 and 8915536, the Project Development Fund of the University of Hawaii. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Contribution No. 3876. NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 189 EP 230 DI 10.1007/BF00702891 PG 42 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V36LM UT WOS:000209213500005 ER PT J AU BRANDT, JC HEAP, SR BEAVER, EA BOGGESS, A CARPENTER, KG EBBETS, DC HUTCHINGS, JB JURA, M LECKRONE, DS LINSKY, JL MARAN, SP SAVAGE, BD SMITH, AM TRAFTON, LM WALTER, FM WEYMANN, R SNOW, M RANDALL, CE AKE, TB ROBINSON, RD WAHLGREN, G AF BRANDT, JC HEAP, SR BEAVER, EA BOGGESS, A CARPENTER, KG EBBETS, DC HUTCHINGS, JB JURA, M LECKRONE, DS LINSKY, JL MARAN, SP SAVAGE, BD SMITH, AM TRAFTON, LM WALTER, FM WEYMANN, R SNOW, M RANDALL, CE AKE, TB ROBINSON, RD WAHLGREN, G TI AN ATLAS OF ALPHA-ORIONIS OBTAINED WITH THE GODDARD HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH ON THE HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID II EMISSION-LINES; FE-II; COOL STARS; EXCITATION; SPECTRA C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI C-011,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. BALL AEROSP SYST GRP,BOULDER,CO 80306. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV,VICTORIA,BC V8X 4M6,CANADA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,COMP SCI CORP,ASTRON PROGRAM,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP BRANDT, JC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB,CAMPUS BOX 392,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI heap, sara/E-2237-2012; Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 109 IS 6 BP 2706 EP 2735 DI 10.1086/117484 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RA978 UT WOS:A1995RA97800033 ER PT J AU BENZ, AO ALEF, W GUDEL, M AF BENZ, AO ALEF, W GUDEL, M TI VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF SINGLE MAIN-SEQUENCE M-STARS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STARS, CORONAE; STARS, FLARE; STARS, LATE TYPE; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; TECHNIQUES, INTERFEROMETRIC ID RADIO-EMISSION; MICROWAVE EMISSION; DWARF STARS; FLARE STARS; DME STAR; SOLAR; CORONAE; BAND AB Single dMe stars have been observed at 18 cm wavelength by intercontinental very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Here we report on two stars, EQ Peg B and AD Lee, that have been detected during flares, and one of them also at a relatively low ('quiescent') state. There are no indications that any of the stars has been spatially resolved. Upper limits on the size of the radio sources are less than 1.9 stellar diameters for flares and less than 3.7 stellar diameters for quiescence. This yields directly observed brightness temperatures beyond 2 10(10) K for flares and 2 10(9) K in quiescence. The observations suggest that the size of the closed corona is less than predicted from pressure equilibrium between plasma and magnetic field. An extent of the order of one density scale height is compatible with the observations. C1 MPI RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. RP BENZ, AO (reprint author), ETH ZENTRUM, INST ASTRON, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 298 IS 1 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RD584 UT WOS:A1995RD58400024 ER PT J AU JOE, P CROZIER, C DONALDSON, N ETKIN, D BRUN, E CLODMAN, S ABRAHAM, J SIOK, S BIRON, HP LEDUC, M CHADWICK, P KNOTT, S ARCHIBALD, J VICKERS, G BLACKWELL, S DROUILLARD, R WHITMAN, A BROOKS, H KOUWEN, N VERRET, R FOURNIER, G KOCHTUBAJDA, B AF JOE, P CROZIER, C DONALDSON, N ETKIN, D BRUN, E CLODMAN, S ABRAHAM, J SIOK, S BIRON, HP LEDUC, M CHADWICK, P KNOTT, S ARCHIBALD, J VICKERS, G BLACKWELL, S DROUILLARD, R WHITMAN, A BROOKS, H KOUWEN, N VERRET, R FOURNIER, G KOCHTUBAJDA, B TI RECENT PROGRESS IN THE OPERATIONAL FORECASTING OF SUMMER SEVERE WEATHER SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Review ID DIFFERENTIAL PROPAGATION PHASE; SEVERE LOCAL STORMS; CONVECTIVE STORMS; RADAR MEASUREMENT; DOPPLER RADAR; THUNDERSTORMS; RAINFALL; INITIATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Summer severe weather (SSW) can strike suddenly and unexpectedly with disastrous consequences for human activity. Considerable progress has been made in the past ten years in the operational forecasting of SSW. Traditionally, SSW was defined to consist of tornadoes, strong winds, hail, lightning and heavy rain. Hazardous types of strong winds have recently been expanded to include microbursts, macrobursts and surfacing rear inflow jet damage behind mesoscale convective systems. Doppler radar was used to relate surface damage to the appropriate atmospheric phenomena, first diagnostically and then prognostically. This improvement in classification has fedback to and improved the forecast process. Concurrent progress has been made in the use of synoptic observations. The concept of helical wind profiles and improved knowledge of the role of dry mid-level air has improved the forecasting of tornadoes and strong gusty winds. Moisture pur convergence, derived from surface measurements, shows great promise in identifying areas of storm initiation. Satellite imagery has been used to identify dynamical atmospheric boundaries. Numerical modelling of the interaction of environmental wind profiles and individual thunderstorms has greatly contributed to the understanding of SSW. Studies of spatial and temporal patterns of lightning both specific cases and climatology, contribute to the forecasting of severe storms. Polarization radar results have shown progress in separating the signals of hail from those of rain and in the improved measurement of heavy rainfalls. Radar observation of clear air boundaries curd their interactions show potential for the forecasting of thunderstorm initiation. Though not traditionally considered part of SSW, hurricanes that evolve into extra-tropical storms share many of the same hazardous features. The progress in computing, communications and display technologies has also made substantial contributions to operational forecasting and to the dissemination of weather warnings. C1 MT WEATHER OFF, KELOWNA, BC, CANADA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. UNIV WATERLOO, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3G1, CANADA. TRANSPORT CANADA, OTTAWA, ON, CANADA. UNIV ALBERTA, ALBERTA RES COUNCIL, EDMONTON, AB, CANADA. RP ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, 4905 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. NR 156 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 EI 1480-9214 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 249 EP 302 PG 54 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA RJ115 UT WOS:A1995RJ11500005 ER PT J AU LUKASHEV, EP ROBERTSON, B AF LUKASHEV, EP ROBERTSON, B TI BACTERIORHODOPSIN RETAINS ITS LIGHT-INDUCED PROTON-PUMPING FUNCTION AFTER BEING HEATED TO 140-DEGREES-C SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Note DE BACTERIORHODOPSIN FUNCTION; PURPLE MEMBRANE FILMS; LIGHT-INDUCED PROTON PUMPING; THERMAL DEGRADATION; PHOTOCURRENT; PHOTOVOLTAGE ID PURPLE-MEMBRANE; ASPARTIC ACID-96; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; RELEASE; FILMS RP LUKASHEV, EP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-4598 J9 BIOELECTROCH BIOENER JI Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0302-4598(94)05017-O PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RG356 UT WOS:A1995RG35600010 ER PT J AU WIKFORS, GH SMOLOWITZ, RM AF WIKFORS, GH SMOLOWITZ, RM TI EXPERIMENTAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF 4 LIFE-HISTORY STAGES OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA, EXPOSED TO A CULTURED STRAIN OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MYTILUS-EDULIS; SHELLFISH; GONYAULAX; BLOOM; BAY AB Effects of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (strain EXUV) upon four life-history stages of the eastern oyster-embryos, feeding larvae, newly set spat, and juveniles-were investigated in laboratory exposure studies. Embryonic development was not affected significantly by living, heat-killed, or sonicated cells, or by growth-medium extracts from P. minimum cultures. Feeding larvae, however, showed poor growth and poor development of the digestive system when fed P. minimum, as compared with larvae fed Isochrysis sp. (strain T-ISO). Growth of larvae fed mixed P. minimum + Isochrysis diets was intermediate. Larvae and newly set spat that had been fed a diet of 1/3 P. minimum + 2/3 Isochrysis exhibited distinctive changes in digestive-system anatomy. Spat showed an abnormal accumulation of lipid in the stomach epithelium. Absorptive cells in the digestive glands of both larvae and spat contained accumulation bodies, often with a laminated, fibrous appearance in preparations for transmission electron microscopy. These accumulation bodies were PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) positive and may correspond to autolysosomal bodies within P. minimum cells. Juvenile oysters developed the ability to digest P. minimum, but only after a refractory period of about 2 weeks, during which most P. minimum was filtered but rejected as pseudofeces. The linking of accumulation bodies within absorptive cells of oyster digestive diverticula with dinoflagellate autolysosomal bodies suggests a mechanism by which some dinoflagellates interfere with, feeding in phytoplankton grazers. C1 UNIV PENN,MARINE BIOL LAB,MARINE ANIM HLTH LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 32 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARINE BIOL LAB PI WOODS HOLE PA BIOLOGICAL BULL MBL STREET, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL JI Biol. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 188 IS 3 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.2307/1542308 PG 16 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RE643 UT WOS:A1995RE64300009 ER PT J AU Glazier, SA McCurley, MF AF Glazier, SA McCurley, MF TI Biosensor applications for bioprocess monitoring and drug analysis SO BIOPHARM-THE TECHNOLOGY & BUSINESS OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Review ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURES; PENICILLIN-V; CHEMICAL SENSORS; GLUCOSE; OPERATION; GLUTAMINE; SYSTEMS; TRENDS; FERMENTATIONS AB In January 1990 BioPharm reviewed the major types, configurations, and potential uses of biosensors for industrial biological processing and medical applications. Here the authors present an updated review of published material on biosensor applications. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSOR TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 1040-8304 J9 BIOPHARM-TECHNOL BUS JI Biopharm-Technol. Bus. Biopharm. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 38 EP & PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VG445 UT WOS:A1995VG44500004 ER PT J AU BAKER, WE EMMITT, GD ROBERTSON, F ATLAS, RM MOLINARI, JE BOWDLE, DA PAEGLE, J HARDESTY, RM MENZIES, RT KRISHNAMURTI, TN BROWN, RA POST, MJ ANDERSON, JR LORENC, AC MCELROY, J AF BAKER, WE EMMITT, GD ROBERTSON, F ATLAS, RM MOLINARI, JE BOWDLE, DA PAEGLE, J HARDESTY, RM MENZIES, RT KRISHNAMURTI, TN BROWN, RA POST, MJ ANDERSON, JR LORENC, AC MCELROY, J TI LIDAR-MEASURED WINDS FROM SPACE - A KEY COMPONENT FOR WEATHER AND CLIMATE PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL BACKSCATTER; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; DOPPLER LIDAR; CO2-LASER WAVELENGTHS; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; CO2 LIDAR; AIRBORNE; SIMULATION AB The deployment of a space-based Doppler lidar would provide information that is fundamental to advancing the understanding and prediction of weather and climate. This paper reviews the concepts of wind measurement by Doppler lidar, highlights the results of some observing system simulation experiments with lidar winds, and discusses the important advances in earth system science anticipated with lidar winds. Observing system simulation experiments, conducted using two different general circulation models, have shown 1) that there is a significant improvement in the forecast accuracy over the Southern Hemisphere and tropical oceans resulting from the assimilation of simulated satellite wind data, and 2) that wind data are significantly more effective than temperature or moisture data in controlling analysis error. Because accurate wind observations are currently almost entirely unavailable for the vast majority of tropical cyclones worldwide, lidar winds have the potential to substantially improve tropical cyclone forecasts. Similarly, to improve water vapor flux divergence calculations, a direct measure of the ageostrophic wind is needed since the present level of uncertainty cannot be reduced with better temperature and moisture soundings alone. C1 SIMPSON WEATHER ASSOCIATES,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. UNIV ALABAMA,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. NASA,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNITED KINGDOM METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL,BERKS,ENGLAND. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP BAKER, WE (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; NR 99 TC 111 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 76 IS 6 BP 869 EP 888 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0869:LMWFSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG210 UT WOS:A1995RG21000002 ER PT J AU RITSEMA, J WARD, SN GONZALEZ, FI AF RITSEMA, J WARD, SN GONZALEZ, FI TI INVERSION OF DEEP-OCEAN TSUNAMI RECORDS FOR 1987 TO 1988 GULF OF ALASKA EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; WAVEFORMS; JAPAN AB High-quality deep-ocean records of tsunamis generated by the 30 November 1987 (M(W) = 7.8) and 6 March 1988 (M(W) = 7.7) earthquakes in the Gulf of Alaska were inverted for fault-plane parameters and seismic moment using a model that consists of a uniform ocean layer overlaying an elastic half-space. Results were poor for the 30 November 1987 event, the more complex of the two earthquakes. Results were excellent for the 6 March 1988 event, being consistent with values derived from seismic data. Furthermore, the tsunami waveform inversion provided an additional constraint on the rupture length (less than 50 km) of the latter event, demonstrating the supplementary value of tsunami data to analyses of earthquake finite-faulting characteristics. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP RITSEMA, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST TECTON,DEPT EARTH SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 747 EP 754 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RC529 UT WOS:A1995RC52900006 ER PT J AU SOHN, RA HILDEBRAND, JA WEBB, SC FOX, CG AF SOHN, RA HILDEBRAND, JA WEBB, SC FOX, CG TI HYDROTHERMAL MICROSEISMICITY AT THE MEGAPLUME SITE ON THE SOUTHERN JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN BOTTOM SEISMOMETERS; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; VOLCANIC TREMOR; AXIAL SEAMOUNT; SOURCE MODEL; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; SYSTEMS; SEGMENT AB Several thousand microearthquakes were recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers during II. days of deployment on the Cleft segment of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. These microearthquakes primarily occurred in swarms lasting up to I hr, and are characterized by complex time series with typical single-event durations of just over 1 sec. The events were too small to be detected by more than one instrument at minimum instrument spacings of about 4 km. Clear P- and S-wave arrivals were not observed for most events, and the majority of the spectra are peaked at discrete frequencies that are not simply related (i.e., not integer multiples). These peaked spectra are quite similar to those observed from geysers and long-period events in volcanoes. Calibration tests performed during the deployment indicate that the event spectral peaks are not explained by instrument resonance or seafloor coupling. Based on these observations, the vigorous hydrothermal activity in the area, and thermodynamic considerations, we postulate that the majority of the microseismicity observed is generated within the seafloor hydrothermal system by pressure transients and hydraulic fracturing. C1 NATL ATMOSPHER & OCEAN ADM, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. RP UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, 9500 GILMAN DR, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 775 EP 786 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RC529 UT WOS:A1995RC52900008 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, RE JOHENGEN, TH BEETON, AM AF HOLLAND, RE JOHENGEN, TH BEETON, AM TI TRENDS IN NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN HATCHERY BAY, WESTERN LAKE ERIE, BEFORE AND AFTER DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; WATER AB Concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, silica, and chloride have all increased since the establishment of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Hatchery Bay, western Lake Erie, in 1988. Total phosphorus concentrations have changed little. These results are from 188 samples collected weekly and year round before the establishment of Dreissena (1984-1987) and 192 samples post-Dreissena (1990-1993). The mean annual total phosphorus concentration for the three complete post-Dreissena years was 35 mu g . L(-1), strikingly similar to the concentration of 36 mu g . L(-1), which in 1959 helped to define the waters of Lake Erie as eutrophic. The relative steadiness in total phosphorus may reflect sediment reflux, because Hatchery Bay is a polymictic system. The slight increase in the biologically conservative ion, chloride, in the 1990s, is probably due to the increased precipitation and runoff in the western Lake Erie watershed. Decreased phytoplankton and associated increased water clarity caused by efficient filtering by D. polymorpha, have lessened symptoms of eutrophication and produced a situation where nutrients are not fully utilized, i.e., biological oligotrophy. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP HOLLAND, RE (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ATMOSPHER OCEAN & SPACE SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1202 EP 1209 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TA794 UT WOS:A1995TA79400008 ER PT J AU ROSEL, PE DIZON, AE HAYGOOD, MG AF ROSEL, PE DIZON, AE HAYGOOD, MG TI VARIABILITY OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION IN POPULATIONS OF THE HARBOR PORPOISE, PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA, ON INTEROCEANIC AND REGIONAL SCALES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DNA; EVOLUTION; AMPLIFICATION; SKULLS AB The harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, experiences a high degree of incidental mortality owing to interactions with commercial fisheries. To properly manage the species, it is necessary to assess levels of inter- and intra-populational variation so that management units can be accurately defined. A portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region was amplified and sequenced to characterize the amount of genetic variation within harbour porpoise populations in the Northeast Pacific, North Atlantic, and Black Sea. In addition, the utility of the control region to discriminate among putative populations of harbour porpoises along the west coast of North America was investigated. The resultant data were analyzed phylogenetically using a neighbor-joining algorithm and statistically for population subdivision using an analysis of variance approach. No shared haplotypes were found among the three ocean basins, and the estimated sequence divergence among them was high. Within the Northeast Pacific, several distinct groupings of haplotypes were found, but no phylogenetic concordance between sequence type and geographic location was found. However, differences in the geographic distributions among and genetic diversity within matrilineal groups, and indications of significant genetic heterogeneity among the sampling locales in the Northeast Pacific argue for management strategies on a regional basis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV MARINE BIOL RES 0202,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. NR 51 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1219 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TA794 UT WOS:A1995TA79400009 ER PT J AU GILMARTIN, WG EBERHARDT, LL AF GILMARTIN, WG EBERHARDT, LL TI STATUS OF THE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL (MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI) POPULATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID SURVIVAL RATES AB Restoration of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population to its former abundance poses a number of problems in managing a complex system. Sharp differences in history and current trend exist among the six major pupping sites. A severely unbalanced adult sex ratio has resulted in deaths from ''mobbing'' of estrus females at two sites. Some unknown factor apparently severely reduced the numbers of females at three of the sites and thus produced the observed excess of males. Sex ratios subsequently decreased, but losses of adult females continue at two sites. A simple model indicates that sex ratios at the two sites where mobbing is a problem would require more than 10 years to approach an equilibrium value. Data on trends from counts are compared with estimates from reproduction and survival rates and agree closely except at one site (Kure Atoll), where introductions of young females have been made. RP GILMARTIN, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1185 EP 1190 DI 10.1139/z95-141 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RX214 UT WOS:A1995RX21400022 ER PT J AU MARUTHAMUTHU, P HUIE, RE AF MARUTHAMUTHU, P HUIE, RE TI FERRIC ION-ASSISTED PHOTOOXIDATION OF HALOACETATES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS AB Aqueous solutions containing ferric ions and chloro- or fluoroacetates were photolyzed by light with wavelengths greater than 300 nm. Significant variation in the extent of reaction was observed, with the totally halogenated acetates degraded very little in the course of the experiments. The relative rates of degradation were found to correlate very well with the relative rates of reaction of the haloacetate with the hydroxyl radical. RP MARUTHAMUTHU, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2199 EP 2207 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00091-L PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC346 UT WOS:A1995RC34600012 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, BL AF TAYLOR, BL TI THE RELIABILITY OF USING POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR RISK CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB I examine whether or not it is appropriate to use extinction probabilities generated by population viability analyses, based on best estimates for model parameters, as criteria for listing species in Red Data Book categories as recently proposed by the World Conservation Union. Such extinction probabilities are influenced by how accurately model parameters are estimated and by how accurately the models depict actual population dynamics. I evaluate the effect of uncertainty in parameter estimation through simulations. Simulations based on Steller sea lions were used to evaluate bias and precision in estimates of probability of extinction and to consider the performance of two proposed classification schemes. Extinction time estimates were biased (because of violation of the assumption of stable age distribution) and underestimated the variability of probability of extinction for a given time (primarily because of uncertainty in parameter estimation). Bias and precision in extinction probabilities are important when these probabilities are used to compare the risk of extinction between species. Suggestions are given for population viability analysis techniques that incorporate parameter uncertainty. I conclude that testing classification schemes with simulations using quantitative performance objectives should precede adoption of quantitative listing criteria RP TAYLOR, BL (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 21 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030551.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB704 UT WOS:A1995RB70400013 ER PT J AU CARON, DA DAM, HG KREMER, P LESSARD, EJ MADIN, LP MALONE, TC NAPP, JM PEELE, ER ROMAN, MR YOUNGBLUTH, MJ AF CARON, DA DAM, HG KREMER, P LESSARD, EJ MADIN, LP MALONE, TC NAPP, JM PEELE, ER ROMAN, MR YOUNGBLUTH, MJ TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS TO PARTICULATE CARBON AND NITROGEN IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE SARGASSO SEA NEAR BERMUDA SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BACTERIAL BIOMASS; COASTAL WATERS; EUPHOTIC ZONE; CELL-VOLUME; CHROOCOCCOID CYANOBACTERIA; HETEROTROPHIC NANOPLANKTON; SYNECHOCOCCUS WH7803; MARINE AB Seawater samples were collected from the euphotic zone of the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda in August of 1989 and March-April of 1990. Microbial population abundances, chlorophyll concentration, particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen were measured. Calculations were performed to establish the relative and absolute importance of the various microbial assemblages. The choice of conversion factors (g C and N cell(-1), or g C and N mu m(-3)) for the microbial populations dramatically affected the estimation of ''living'' and ''detrital'' particulate material in the samples, and the relative importance of the various microbial groups. Averaged over all samples on either of the two cruises, microbial biomass constituted a greater proportion of the total particulate carbon and nitrogen during March-April (55% and 63%, respectively), than during August (approximate to 24% and 30%, respectively) using ''constrained'' conversion factors that were derived. Accordingly, detrital material constituted the bulk of the particulate material during August, but was similar to the amount of microbial biomass during March-April. The bacterial assemblage constituted the largest single pool of microbial carbon (35%) and nitrogen (45%) in the water, and a significant fraction of the total particulate carbon (approximate to 10-20%) and nitrogen (approximate to 15-30%). Phototrophic nanoplankton (microalgae 2-20 mu m in size) were second in overall biomass, and often dominated the microbial biomass in the deep chlorophyll maxima that were present during both cruises. The results temper recent assertions concerning the overwhelming importance of bacterial biomass in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea but still support a major role for these microorganisms in the open ocean as repositories for carbon and nutrients. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AFSC,SEATTLE,WA 98115. UNIV SO CALIF,CTR MARINE BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG WB10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV MARYLAND,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LABS,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225. HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. RP CARON, DA (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI roman, michael/F-9425-2013; Dam, Hans/A-9723-2015 OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038 NR 63 TC 198 Z9 201 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 943 EP 972 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00027-4 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RU352 UT WOS:A1995RU35200008 ER PT J AU ROMAN, MR CARON, DA KREMER, P LESSARD, EJ MADIN, LP MALONE, TC NAPP, JM PEELE, ER YOUNGBLUTH, MJ AF ROMAN, MR CARON, DA KREMER, P LESSARD, EJ MADIN, LP MALONE, TC NAPP, JM PEELE, ER YOUNGBLUTH, MJ TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE PARTITIONING OF ORGANIC-CARBON IN THE PLANKTON COMMUNITY OF THE SARGASSO SEA OFF BERMUDA SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES STATION; SANTA-MONICA-BASIN; WATER-COLUMN; MARINE ZOOPLANKTON; STRATIFIED WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; CELL-VOLUME; FOOD WEBS; BIOMASS; NITROGEN AB The vertical distribution of plankton (bacteria, nanozooplankton, microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, macrozooplankton and salps) biomass in the photic zone near the JGOFS time series station off Bermuda was examined during 2-3 week periods in August 1989 and in March/April 1990. The amount of phytoplankton carbon in the photic zone was lower in August as compared to March/April (398 and 912 mg C m(-2), respectively). Total heterotrophic biomass in the photic zone was also lower in August as compared to March/April (1106 and 1795 m(-2) respectively). Taken together, bacteria and nanozooplankton constituted approximately 70% of the total heterotrophic carbon in the photic zone on both cruises. Considering their high weight-specific carbon demand relative to micro-, meso-, and macrozooplankton, it is clear that most of the carbon in the surface waters of the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda cycles through bacteria and flagellates-the ''microbial loop''. However, both seasonal (August vs. March/April) and within-cruise variations in the vertical flux of organic material were related to the biomass of macrozooplankton. Macrozooplankton biomass was lower in August than March/April (93 and 267 mg C m(-2) respectively). There was more non-living carbon (detritus) than living carbon in the photic zone during the August cruise (70% of total organic matter) but about equal amounts of detritus and living carbon in March/April. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV SO CALIF,CTR MARINE BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG WB10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AFSC,SEATTLE,WA 98115. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225. HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. RP ROMAN, MR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,POB 775,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613, USA. RI roman, michael/F-9425-2013 NR 66 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 973 EP 992 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00028-5 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RU352 UT WOS:A1995RU35200009 ER PT J AU STEIN, JE HOM, T COLLIER, TK BROWN, DW VARANASI, U AF STEIN, JE HOM, T COLLIER, TK BROWN, DW VARANASI, U TI CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS IN OUTMIGRANT JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON FROM URBAN AND NONURBAN ESTUARIES OF PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE JUVENILE SALMON; OUTMIGRANTS; PAHS/CHS; ESTUARIES; BIOMARKERS ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGLISH SOLE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT; FISH; DNA; HYDROCARBONS; METABOLISM; BUTYLTINS; EXTRACTS AB Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were sampled in Puget Sound, Washington, for 2 consecutive years from contaminated urban estuaries, a nonurban estuary, and from the respective hatcheries to assess exposure to anthropogenic chemicals and to determine if biochemical changes were occurring as a consequence of exposure. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated hydrocarbons, and butyltins was determined. The mean concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in stomach contents and PCBs in liver were significantly higher in salmon from the urban estuaries compared to fish from the nonurban estuary in both sampling years. Higher hepatic concentrations of PCBs than DDTs were found in fish from the urban estuaries, but butyltins were rarely detected. Further, mean concentrations of fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, an estimate of exposure to PAHs, and hepatic cytochrome P4501A and levels of hepatic DNA adducts were also significantly higher in salmon from the urban estuaries compared to either the nonurban estuary or the hatcheries. Results demonstrated increased exposure to chemical contaminants in outmigrant juvenile salmon during their relatively brief residence in urban estuaries of Puget Sound. Moreover, the exposure was sufficient to elicit biochemical responses, which suggest a potential for other biological effects to ensue. RP STEIN, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1029 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1019:CEABEI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QZ397 UT WOS:A1995QZ39700013 ER PT J AU HECK, KL ABLE, KW ROMAN, CT FAHAY, MP AF HECK, KL ABLE, KW ROMAN, CT FAHAY, MP TI COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE, BIOMASS, AND PRODUCTION OF MACROFAUNA IN A NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY - COMPARISONS AMONG EELGRASS MEADOWS AND OTHER NURSERY HABITATS SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MOBILE EPIBENTHIC FAUNA; SHALLOW MARINE AREAS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; WESTERN SWEDEN; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; WASTING DISEASE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FOOD SELECTION AB Quantitative suction sampling was used to characterize and compare the species composition, abundance, biomass, and secondary production of macrofauna inhabiting intertidal mud-flat and sand-flat, eelgrass meadow, and salt-marsh-pool habitats in the Nauset Marsh complex, Cape God, Massachusetts (USA). Species richness and abundance were often greatest in eelgrass habitat, as was macroinvertebrate biomass and production. Most striking was the five to fifteen times greater rate of annual macrofaunal production in eelgrass habitat than elsewhere, with values ranging from approximately 23-139 g AFDW m(2) yr(-1). The marsh pool containing widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) supported surprisingly low numbers of macroinvertebrates, probably due to stressfully low dissolved oxygen levels at night during the summer. Two species of macroinvertebrates, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and to a lesser extent bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), used eelgrass as ''nursery habitat.'' Calculations showed that macroinvertebrate production is proportionally much greater than the amount of primary production attributable to eelgrass in the Nauset Marsh system, and that dramatic changes at all trophic levels could be expected if large changes in seagrass abundance should occur. This work further underscores the extraordinarily large impact that seagrass can have on both the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,MARINE FIELD STN,TUCKERTON,NJ 08087. UNIV RHODE ISL,NATL PK SERV,COASTAL RES CTR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732. RP HECK, KL (reprint author), UNIV SO ALABAMA,MARINE ENVIRONM SCI CONSORTIUM,POB 369,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. NR 44 TC 153 Z9 161 U1 5 U2 38 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.2307/1352320 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RF762 UT WOS:A1995RF76200008 ER PT J AU CORNELL, EA AF CORNELL, EA TI A DYNAMIC TRAP FOR GROUND-STATE ATOMS - COMMENT SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CORNELL, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/30/7/011 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RC417 UT WOS:A1995RC41700011 ER PT J AU PARRISH, RH MALLICOATE, DL AF PARRISH, RH MALLICOATE, DL TI VARIATION IN THE CONDITION FACTORS OF CALIFORNIA PELAGIC FISHES AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE MACKEREL; JACK MACKEREL; ANCHOVY; CONDITION FACTORS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE AND FISHERIES ID MACKEREL AB Time series of condition factors for mackerel, Scomber japonicus, jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, and northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, stocks in the Southern California region were compared with time series of oceanographic indices to develop hypotheses concerning physical environmental forcing of the population dynamics and energetics of small pelagic fishes. Mackerel and jack mackerel condition factor time series showed decade-scale variation, whereas those of anchovy showed coherent fluctuations for 1 to 2 years. Mackerel, and to a lesser extent jack mackerel, condition factors were correlated with proxy indices of alongshore advection (sea level), offshore advection (Ekman transport), ambient temperature (shore station temperature), and ambient salinity (shore station salinity). The condition factor of anchovy was much less correlated with environmental variables. Multiple regression analyses which included sea level, upwelling and salinity proxies explained 80% (33%) of the variance in the annual (monthly) condition factor of mackerel. The first-order variation in condition factors of mackerel and jack mackerel suggests that they are responding to very large-scale perturbations of the California Current system which are at least partially described by variations in sea level. The population size of mackerel is apparently also responding to these large-scale perturbations, making it difficult to isolate environmental dependence of condition factors from density dependence. The second-order variation is more regional in nature and unexpectedly it appears to be associated with upwelling in the Baja California region. RP PARRISH, RH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,PACIFIC FISHERIES ENVIRONM GRP,1352 LIGHTHOUSE AVE,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 2 BP 171 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.1995.tb00070.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA TD352 UT WOS:A1995TD35200006 ER PT J AU PENNINGTON, M GODO, OR AF PENNINGTON, M GODO, OR TI MEASURING THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN CATCHABILITY ON THE VARIANCE OF MARINE SURVEY ABUNDANCE INDEXES SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ABUNDANCE INDEXES; SURVEY ABUNDANCE INDEXES AB The average catch per tow by a research vessel survey is often used as an index of abundance. An estimate of the variance of such indices that is based only on the between station variability in catch may underestimate the true variance if catchability varies over time. In this paper, the survey index variance is estimated indirectly by cross-calibrating time series of virtual population analysis estimates and trawl survey indices of abundance. The method is applied to surveys of some fish stocks on Georges Bank, in southern New England, and in the Barents Sea. For these surveys, it appears that the true variance of the survey indices is approximately twice as large as the usual estimates based on the within survey variance. As an application, a time series technique, which requires an estimate of the survey index variance, is used to generate a more precise index of abundance. The results indicate that for the surveys examined the variance of the estimated abundance index is 30-40% smaller than the original (average catch per tow) index. RP PENNINGTON, M (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. OI Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(94)00345-W PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RD986 UT WOS:A1995RD98600008 ER PT J AU ZASTAWNY, TH ALTMAN, SA RANDERSEICHHORN, L MADURAWE, R LUMPKIN, JA DIZDAROGLU, M RAO, G AF ZASTAWNY, TH ALTMAN, SA RANDERSEICHHORN, L MADURAWE, R LUMPKIN, JA DIZDAROGLU, M RAO, G TI DNA-BASE MODIFICATIONS AND MEMBRANE DAMAGE IN CULTURED-MAMMALIAN-CELLS TREATED WITH IRON IONS SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HYDROXYL RADICAL; FERROUS IRON; IN SITU DNA DAMAGE; GC/MS-SIM; LIPID PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE RADICAL; FREE RADICALS ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; OXYGEN RADICALS; FENTON REACTION; CHEMICAL NATURE; CHROMATIN AB We investigated DNA base damage in mammalian cells exposed to exogenous iron ions in culture. Murine hybridoma cells were treated with Fe(II) ions at concentrations of 10 mu M, 100 mu M, and 1 mM. Chromatin was isolated from treated and control cells and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for DNA base damage. Ten modified DNA bases were identified in both Fe(II)-treated and control cells. The quantification of modified bases was achieved by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. In Fe(II)-treated cells, the amounts of modified bases were increased significantly above the background levels found in control cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide at concentrations up to 1 M in the culture medium did not significantly inhibit the formation of modified DNA bases. A mathematical simulation used to evaluate the plausibility of DNA damage upon Fe(II) treatment predicted a dose-dependent response, which agreed with the experimental results. In addition, Fe(II) treatment of cells increased the cell membrane permeability and caused production of lipid peroxides. The nature of DNA base lesions suggests the involvement of the hydroxyl radical in their formation. The failure of dimethyl sulfoxide to inhibit their formation indicates a site-specific mechanism for DNA damage with involvement of DNA-bound metal ions. Fe(II) treatment of cells may increase the intracellular iron ion concentration and/or cause oxidative stress releasing metal ions from their storage sites with subsequent binding to DNA. Identified DNA base lesions may be promutagenic and play a role in pathologic processes associated with iron ions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21227. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR MED BIOTECHNOL,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-06562] NR 51 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(94)00241-B PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QV535 UT WOS:A1995QV53500006 PM 7628727 ER PT J AU GALLOWAY, JN SCHLESINGER, WH LEVY, H MICHAELS, A SCHNOOR, JL AF GALLOWAY, JN SCHLESINGER, WH LEVY, H MICHAELS, A SCHNOOR, JL TI NITROGEN-FIXATION - ANTHROPOGENIC ENHANCEMENT-ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; SULFUR-OXIDES; FOREST SOILS; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; BUDGET; COMMUNITY; GRASSLAND AB In the absence of human activities, biotic fixation is the primary source of reactive N, providing about 90-130 Tg N yr(-1) (Tg = 10(12) g) on the continents. Human activities have resulted in the fixation of an additional approximate to 140 Tg N yr(-1) by energy production (approximate to 20 Tg N yr(-1)), fertilizer production (approximate to 80 Tg N y(-1)), and cultivation of crops (e.g., legumes, rice) (approximate to 40 Tg N yr(-1)). We can only account for part of this anthropogenic N. N2O is accumulating in the atmosphere at a rate of 3 Tg N yr(-1) Coastal oceans receive another 41 Tg N yr(-1) via rivers, much of which is buried or denitrified. Open oceans receive 18 Tg N yr(-1) by atmospheric deposition, which is incorporated into oceanic n pools (e.g., NO3, N-2). The remaining 80 Tg N yr(-1) are either retained on continents in groundwater, soils, or vegetation or denitrified to N-2. Field studies and calculations indicate that uncertainties about the size of each sink can account for the remaining anthropogenic n. Thus although anthropogenic n is clearly accumulating on continents, we do not know rates of individual processes. We predict the anthropogenic N-fixation rate will increase by about 60% by the year 2020, primarily due to increased fertilizer use and fossil-fuel combustion. Aobut two-thirds of the increase will occur in Asia, which by 2020 will account for over half of the global anthropogenic N fixation. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. BERMUDA BIOL STN RES,ST GEORGES,BERMUDA. UNIV IOWA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP GALLOWAY, JN (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CLARK HALL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Galloway, James/C-2769-2013 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698 NR 103 TC 584 Z9 653 U1 30 U2 258 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1029/95GB00158 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE974 UT WOS:A1995TE97400006 ER PT J AU HUTCHINGS, L VERHEYE, HM MITCHELLINNES, BA PETERSON, WT HUGGETT, JA PAINTING, SJ AF HUTCHINGS, L VERHEYE, HM MITCHELLINNES, BA PETERSON, WT HUGGETT, JA PAINTING, SJ TI COPEPOD PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN BENGUELA SYSTEM SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Zooplankton Production CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND DE AGULHAS BANK; COPEPODS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; PRODUCTION; UPWELLING ID SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY; WESTERN AGULHAS BANK; UPWELLING SYSTEM; ANCHOR STATION; CALANOIDES-CARINATUS; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; HERBIVOROUS COPEPODS; EGG-PRODUCTION; MESOZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEM AB Several methods have been used to indirectly estimate copepod production in the southern Benguela region, based on field sampling of copepod stages and laboratory measurements of growth and development rates under variable food and temperature regimes. Estimates of production have steadily increased from 11 gC m(-2) y(-1) in 1979 to 80 gC m(-2) y(-1) in 1987. Since 1988, extensive measurements of copepod egg production and moulting rates of Calanus agulhensis at sea during hydro-acoustic fisheries surveys over the south and west coasts of South Africa in November have provided more direct estimates of copepod production. Daily Mean Production :Mean Biomass(P:B) ratios varied between 0.1 and 0.3 and annual production ranged between 17 and 150 gC m(-2) y(-1). Copepod biomass, distribution, and demographic structure varied between cruises in different years, apparently linked to both the abundance of predators and shifts in hydrology. Production appeared to be due more to shifts in distribution of biomass and demography of Calanus than to variations in growth rates. Poor correlations existed between juvenile growth and female egg production, suggesting one is unable to predict population growth from egg production rates only. Weak correlations between growth rates of different stages also suggest that the only meaningful measure of copepod production requires all stages to be incubated. (C) 1995 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea C1 NOAA,NMFS F,RE3,SILVER SPRING,MD 21801. RP HUTCHINGS, L (reprint author), SEA FISHERIES RES INST,PVT BAG X2,CAPE TOWN 8012,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.1016/1054-3139(95)80059-X PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA TE368 UT WOS:A1995TE36800019 ER PT J AU WARREN, JA AF WARREN, JA TI HOW DOES A METAL FREEZE - A PHASE-FIELD MODEL OF ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB A general technique for describing phase boundaries is now being applied to problems in solidification. The power of the phase-field method suggests that, with improvements in algorithmic techniques and computational resources, it should be a method of choice for materials scientists who want to accurately simulate this process. C1 NIST,CTR THEORET & COMPUTAT MAT SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WARREN, JA (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BLDG 223-B164,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1109/99.388957 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA RE185 UT WOS:A1995RE18500010 ER PT J AU CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS KREIDER, KG GAITAN, M CHAPARALA, P AF CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS KREIDER, KG GAITAN, M CHAPARALA, P TI FAST TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED SENSING FOR MICRO-HOTPLATE GAS SENSORS SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE AB We describe an operating mode of a gas sensor that greatly enhances the capability of the device to determine the composition of a sensed gas, The device consists of a micromachined hotplate with integrated heater, heat distribution plate, electrical contact pads, and sensing film, The temperature programmed sensing (TPS) technique uses millisecond timescale temperature changes to modify the rates for adsorption, desorption, and reaction of gases on the sensing surface during sensor operation, A repetitive train of temperature pulses produces a patterned conductance response that depends on the gas composition, as well as the temperature pulse width, amplitude, and specific sequence of pulses, Results are shown for the vapors of water, ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, and acetone. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,RELIABIL ENGN PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CAVICCHI, RE (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 6 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1109/55.790737 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA RA182 UT WOS:A1995RA18200025 ER PT J AU BRAY, SL EKIN, JW WALTMAN, DJ SUPERCZYNSKI, MJ AF BRAY, SL EKIN, JW WALTMAN, DJ SUPERCZYNSKI, MJ TI QUENCH ENERGY AND FATIGUE DEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF CU-STABILIZED AND AL/CU-STABILIZED NB-TI EPOXY-IMPREGNATED SUPERCONDUCTOR COILS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB In comparative measurements of small-scale epoxy-impregnated Cu-stabilized and Al/Cu-stabilized Nb-Ti test coils at 4 K and 5 T, the heat energy required to quench the Al/Cu-stabilized coil was 4 to 12 times greater than for the Cu-stabilized coil, depending on the relative operating current. Also, the coils' stabilizer resistivity (rho) was measured as a function of mechanical fatigue to test for strain-induced degradation. The rho of the Cu-stabilized coil is relatively unaffected by fatigue, while that of the Al/Cu-stabilized coil increases with fatigue. However, in these coils, having a typical stabilizer:superconductor ration of 4:1, the degradation of the Al/Cu-stabilized coil begins to saturate after several hundred fatigue cycles; after 2000 fatigue cycles to 0.2% strain, the rho of the Al/Cu-stabilized coil is still 2.6 times lower than the rho of the Cu-stabilized coil. Furthermore, after annealing the Al/Cu-stabilized coil at room temperature for 48 hours, the rho degradation was reduced by 76%. Thus, the use of Al/Cu stabilizer may offer substantial improvements in magnet stability, even where the magnet is subjected to fatigue degradation from repeatedly energizing the magnet. C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP BRAY, SL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.1109/77.402529 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP634 UT WOS:A1995RP63400023 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, LF WIEJACZKA, JA SRIVASTAVA, AN STAUFFER, TC MEDINA, LT AF GOODRICH, LF WIEJACZKA, JA SRIVASTAVA, AN STAUFFER, TC MEDINA, LT TI USA INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF SUPERCONDUCTOR SIMULATOR CRITICAL-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB An interlaboratory comparison of critical current (I-c) measurements was conducted on the superconductor simulator, which is an electronic circuit that emulates the extremely nonlinear voltage-current characteristic of a superconductor. These simulators are high precision instruments, and are useful for establishing the integrity of part of a superconductor measurement system. This study includes measurements from participating US laboratories, with NIST as the central, organizing laboratory. This effort was designed to determine the sources of uncertainty in I-c measurements due to uncertainties in the measurement apparatus, technique, or the analysis system. The participating laboratories measured the superconductor simulator with a variety of methods including de and pulse. This comparison indicated the presence of systematic biases and higher variability at low voltages in the I-c determinations of the measurement systems. All critical current measurements at a criterion of 10 mu V on the I-c simulator were within 2% of the NIST value for nominal critical currents of 2 and 50 A. These results could significantly benefit superconductor measurement applications that require high-precision quality assurance. RP GOODRICH, LF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1109/77.402609 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP634 UT WOS:A1995RP63400104 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, LF WIEJACZKA, JA SRIVASTAVA, AN STAUFFER, TC MEDINA, LT AF GOODRICH, LF WIEJACZKA, JA SRIVASTAVA, AN STAUFFER, TC MEDINA, LT TI FIRST VAMAS USA INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR CRITICAL-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB We conducted an interlaboratory comparison of critical current (I-c) measurements on Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 tapes (2223). This study includes measurements from six participating US laboratories, with NIST as the central, organizing laboratory. A number of specimens were prepared with different degrees of instrumentation to isolate sources of variability, Most of the specimens were pre-measured by NIST to reduce uncertainties due to sample variability. Different specimen routing patterns among the laboratories were implemented to isolate sources of variability due to the specimen's measurement history. This study is similar to other VAMAS intercomparisons being performed in Japan and Europe and is the first internationally cooperative interlaboratory comparison of HTS (High Temperature Superconductors) I-c measurements. These are the first steps towards developing standard measurement procedures for HTS. RP GOODRICH, LF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1109/77.402610 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP634 UT WOS:A1995RP63400105 ER PT J AU ROSHKO, A RUSSEK, SE TROTT, KA SANDERS, SC JOHANSSON, ME MARTENS, JS ZHANG, D AF ROSHKO, A RUSSEK, SE TROTT, KA SANDERS, SC JOHANSSON, ME MARTENS, JS ZHANG, D TI EFFECTS OF ETCHING ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE-RESISTANCE OF YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; GROWTH-MECHANISM; THIN-FILMS AB The changes in surface morphology and surface resistance of sputtered and laser ablated YBa2Cu3O7-delta films both before and after etching have been examined. Six different etchants were used: citric acid, nitric acid, Br-methanol, EDTA, disodium EDTA, and ion milling. The surface morphologies of the films were examined by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), both before and after etching. The surface resistance (R(s)) was measured at 94 GHz using a confocal resonator. An amorphous layer was found on the film surfaces after exposure to air. A few of the etches restored some of the surface crystallinity, but most caused increases in the overall surface roughness. Several of the wet etches attacked dislocations. Ion milling caused the largest degradation of surface crystallinity and a corresponding increase in R(s). Some of the chemical etches increased R(s) by less than 15%. C1 CONDUCTUS INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086. RP ROSHKO, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1733 EP 1736 DI 10.1109/77.402912 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP637 UT WOS:A1995RP63700146 ER PT J AU SUMMERS, LT MCKINNELL, JC BRAY, SL EKIN, JW AF SUMMERS, LT MCKINNELL, JC BRAY, SL EKIN, JW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIFILAMENTARY NB3SN SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES FOR USE IN THE 45-T HYBRID MAGNET SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID STRAIN AB The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), in collaboration with the Francis bitter National Magnet Laboratory, is constructing a 45-T hybrid magnet system. Here we report the results of studies Co characterize candidate Nb3Sn superconductors for use in the superconducting outsert coils. We have determined the effects of strain and magnetic field on the critical current, measured ac losses, and measured residual resistivity ratios (RRR). Critical currents in excess of 1000 A mm(-2) non-Cu have been measured in sample wires at 12 T and 4.2 K combined with a hysteresis loss of less than 500 mJ cm(-3) We will also present predicted 1.8 K performance, based on empirical models, and will present a methodology for calculating sample holder prestrain. C1 TELEDYNE WAH CHANG,ALBANY,OR. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. RP SUMMERS, LT (reprint author), NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1764 EP 1767 DI 10.1109/77.402920 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP637 UT WOS:A1995RP63700154 ER PT J AU VOCCIO, JP RODENBUSH, AJ JOSHI, CH EKIN, JW BRAY, SL AF VOCCIO, JP RODENBUSH, AJ JOSHI, CH EKIN, JW BRAY, SL TI THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC-FIELD ORIENTATION ON THE CRITICAL-CURRENT OF HTS CONDUCTOR AND COILS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB The critical current of short samples of HTS multifilamentary conductor and ring-shaped coils has been measured at helium temperatures with varying magnetic field orientation with respect to the conductor. The samples and coil conductor consist of a multifilamentary composite of BSCCO-2223 filaments in a silver matrix. Short conductor samples were tested in a variable temperature system with up to 8 T background field using pr sample rotational system. Ring-shaped coils made from the sample type of conductor were exposed to a large background field at liquid helium temperatures rind critical current was measured with the ring located at various axial positions within the bore. As the ring moves closer to the end of the magnet, the measured critical current decreases, even though the magnitude of the field to which the ring is exposed decreases. This decrease in J(c) is due to the strong anisotropy of the superconductor and is consistent with short sample measurements.* C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP VOCCIO, JP (reprint author), AMER SUPERCONDUCT CORP,WESTBOROUGH,MA 02172, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1822 EP 1825 DI 10.1109/77.402934 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP637 UT WOS:A1995RP63700168 ER PT J AU DEGROOT, DC BEALL, JA MARKS, RB RUDMAN, DA AF DEGROOT, DC BEALL, JA MARKS, RB RUDMAN, DA TI MICROWAVE PROPERTIES OF VOLTAGE-TUNABLE YBA2CU3O7-DELTA/SRTIO3 COPLANAR WAVE-GUIDE TRANSMISSION-LINES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB To explore the electrical characteristics of monolithic microwave circuits with integrated high-temperature superconductor and ferroelectric materials, we fabricated a series of coplanar waveguide transmission lines in laser-deposited YBa2Cu3O7-delta and SrTiO3 thin films. We characterized the voltage-tunable two-port microwave response of the transmission lines at cryogenic temperatures using a calibrated network analyzer system, Total phase shifts and phase tuning in these devices increased for increasing ferroelectric film thickness with only moderate increases in transmission loss. RP DEGROOT, DC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 10 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2272 EP 2275 DI 10.1109/77.403038 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000049 ER PT J AU SAUVAGEAU, JE BURROUGHS, CJ BOOI, PAA CROMAR, MW BENZ, SP KOCH, JA AF SAUVAGEAU, JE BURROUGHS, CJ BOOI, PAA CROMAR, MW BENZ, SP KOCH, JA TI SUPERCONDUCTING INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT FABRICATION WITH LOW-TEMPERATURE ECR-BASED PECVD SIO2 DIELECTRIC FILMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB A superconducting integrated circuit fabrication process has been developed to encompass a wide range of applications such as Josephson voltage standards, VLSI scale array oscillators, SQUIDs, and kinetic-inductance-based devices. An optimal Josephson junction process requires low temperature processing for all deposition and etching steps. This low temperature process involves an electron cyclotron resonance-based plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 films for interlayer dielectrics. Experimental design and statistical process control techniques have been used to ensure high quality oxide films. Oxide and niobium etches include endpoint detection and controlled overetch of all films. An overview of the fabrication process is presented. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2303 EP 2309 DI 10.1109/77.403046 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000057 ER PT J AU EKIN, JW CLICKNER, CC RUSSEK, SE SANDERS, SC AF EKIN, JW CLICKNER, CC RUSSEK, SE SANDERS, SC TI OXYGEN ANNEALING OF EX-SITU YBCO/AG THIN-FILM INTERFACES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CONTACTS AB The resistivity of YBCO/Ag interfaces has been measured for different oxygen annealing temperatures for a series of ex-situ fabricated thin-film contacts having sizes ranging from 16 mu m x 16 mu m down to 4 mu m x 4 mu m. The interface resistivity began to decrease after annealing at 300 degrees C for 10 minutes in one atmosphere oxygen. After annealing at 400 degrees C, the contact resistivity decreased by several orders of magnitude to the 10(-7) Omega-cm(2) range. The 500-nm thick Ag layer showed massive surface diffusion and agglomeration for annealing temperatures above 400 degrees C; this temperature thus represents a practical limit for oxygen annealing the YBCO/Ag interface system for more than 10 minutes. Rapid cooling of the chip after annealing led to a severe loss of critical current density in the YBCO layer, which could be restored by reannealing and cooling at a slower rate of 50 degrees C/min. The relative shape of the conductance-vs.-voltage characteristics of the YBCO/Ag interface were essentially unaltered by oxygen annealing; the overall parabolic shape, scattering zero bias anomaly remained constant, even though the contact conductance increased by several orders of magnitude. These data suggest that the main reduction in interface resistivity arises from an enhancement of the effective contact area, not from a change in interface conduction mechanism. RP EKIN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2400 EP 2403 DI 10.1109/77.403073 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000081 ER PT J AU SANDERS, SC RUSSEK, SE CLICKNER, CC EKIN, JW AF SANDERS, SC RUSSEK, SE CLICKNER, CC EKIN, JW TI EVIDENCE FOR TUNNELING AND MAGNETIC SCATTERING AT IN-SITU YBCO NOBLE-METAL INTERFACES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES; JUNCTIONS; CONDUCTANCE AB We report low-temperature conductance data for in situ YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO)/Ag, YBCO/Au, and YBCO/Pt planar c-axis interfaces. Analysis of the conductance data for these interfaces, which have resistivities as low as 1x10(-8) Omega . cm(2), indicates that tunneling is the predominant transport mechanism. Zero-bias conductance peaks are present for all of the in situ interfaces. These peaks are analyzed in the framework of the Appelbaum model and are attributed to the presence of isolated magnetic spins at the interface. The presence and similarity of the peaks for each noble-metal overlayer supports the hypothesis that the magnetic spins are inherent to the YBCO surface. RP SANDERS, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2404 EP 2407 DI 10.1109/77.403074 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000082 ER PT J AU GALT, D PRICE, JC BEALL, JA HARVEY, TE AF GALT, D PRICE, JC BEALL, JA HARVEY, TE TI FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILM CHARACTERIZATION USING SUPERCONDUCTING MICROSTRIP RESONATORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID MICROWAVE AB We describe a novel technique for characterizing the dielectric response of ferroelectric thin films at microwave frequencies. The method involves a microstrip resonator which incorporates a ferroelectric capacitor at its center. To demonstrate this method we have fabricated a superconducting microstrip resonator from a laser-ablated YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) film on a LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate with a SrTiO3 (STO) capacitor at its center. We report the observed dielectric behavior of the STO laser ablated film as a function of bias at liquid He and N-2 temperatures and at high and low frequencies. It is observed that the electrically tunable dielectric constant of the STO film is roughly independent of frequency up to 20 GHz (especially at high bias). The loss tangent of the STO/LAO capacitor decreases with increasing bias and is apparently independent of frequency between 6 and 20 GHz. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 10 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2575 EP 2578 DI 10.1109/77.403116 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000124 ER PT J AU IRWIN, KD NAM, SW CABRERA, B CHUGG, B PARK, GS WELTY, RP MARTINIS, JM AF IRWIN, KD NAM, SW CABRERA, B CHUGG, B PARK, GS WELTY, RP MARTINIS, JM TI A SELF-BIASING CRYOGENIC PARTICLE DETECTOR UTILIZING ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK AND A SQUID READOUT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB We are developing and testing a new type of superconducting transition edge sensor for phonon mediated particle detection. This sensor consists of a superconducting tungsten thin film deposited on a silicon substrate. The temperature of the film is held constant within the superconducting transition (T-c approximate to 70 mK) by an electrothermal feedback process, while the substrate temperature is well below the film temperature. Phonon energy deposited in the film is removed by a reduction in feedback Joule heating, which is measured using a series array of DC SQUIDs. The resulting signals show improvements in linearity and signal to noise ratio over our previous transition edge sensors. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP IRWIN, KD (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 7 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2690 EP 2693 DI 10.1109/77.403145 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000153 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL AF KAUTZ, RL TI PHASE-LOCKING IN 2-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS OF JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS - EFFECT OF CRITICAL-CURRENT NONUNIFORMITY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID SERIES ARRAYS AB Numerical simulations are used to study mutual phase locking in two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions for parameters typical of successful millimeter-wave oscillators. Such arrays are shown to be very tolerant of random critical-current nonuniformities. However, comparison with an equivalent series array reveals that the locking between rows in a two-dimensional array is principally due to feedback through the external load and not to internal coupling between rows. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2702 EP 2706 DI 10.1109/77.403148 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000156 ER PT J AU DODERER, T LACHENMANN, SG HUEBENER, RP BOOI, PAA BENZ, SP AF DODERER, T LACHENMANN, SG HUEBENER, RP BOOI, PAA BENZ, SP TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF VORTEX DYNAMICS IN 2-DIMENSIONAL JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB Spatially resolved images of the dynamic states of current-biased overdamped two-dimensional arrays of Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions were obtained using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. We present two-dimensional imaging results describing various vortex dynamic regimes in zero applied magnetic field. The nucleation of current-induced vortices at the array boundaries and their subsequent motion into the array interior are observed for bias currents slightly above the array critical current. With increasing bias current, vortex-vortex interaction becomes important. Discussions on the coherent microwave radiation emission are presented. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DODERER, T (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN,LEHRSTUHL EXPTL PHYS 2,AUF MORGENSTELLE 14,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2723 EP 2726 DI 10.1109/77.403153 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000161 ER PT J AU BOOI, PAA BENZ, SP AF BOOI, PAA BENZ, SP TI RESONANCES IN 2-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS; LINEWIDTH AB We present experimental results on the emission from phase-locked two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions. We have coupled the emission from 10 x 10 arrays to a room-temperature mixer through a fin-line antenna and WR-12 waveguide. A single voltage-tunable peak was detected up to 230 GHz. A stripline resonance in the antenna reduced the array's dynamic resistance and thereby the emission linewidth to as low as 10 kHz. We extract an effective noise temperature of 14 K from the linewidth data. When the array's emission was coupled to an on-chip detector junction through a dc blocking capacitor, we detected voltage-tunable emission from 75 GHz up to 300 GHz, and in some circuits emission above 400 GHz. Here, the coherent power spectrum depends primarily on internal resonances. RP BOOI, PAA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2899 EP 2902 DI 10.1109/77.403198 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000206 ER PT J AU BENZ, SP REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH ECKSTEIN, JN BOZOVIC, I VIRSHUP, GF AF BENZ, SP REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH ECKSTEIN, JN BOZOVIC, I VIRSHUP, GF TI STEP-EDGE AND STACKED-HETEROSTRUCTURE HIGH-T-C JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS FOR VOLTAGE-STANDARD ARRAYS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID LINKS AB We have explored two high-transition-temperature Josephson junction technologies for application in voltage standard arrays: step-edge junctions made with YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Au normal-metal bridges, and stacked series arrays of Josephson junctions in selectively doped, epitaxially grown Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 heterostructures. For both kinds of junctions, Shapiro steps induced by a microwave bias were characterized as a function of power. We compare the two technologies with respect to critical current and normal resistance uniformity, maximum achievable critical current, critical-current normal-resistance product, and operating temperature. C1 VARIAN ASSOCIATES INC,EL GINZTON RES CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP BENZ, SP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2915 EP 2918 DI 10.1109/77.403202 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000210 ER PT J AU MISSERT, N VALE, LR ONO, RH REINTSEMA, CD RUDMAN, DA THOMSON, RE BERKOWITZ, SJ AF MISSERT, N VALE, LR ONO, RH REINTSEMA, CD RUDMAN, DA THOMSON, RE BERKOWITZ, SJ TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AND MAGNETIC-FIELD MODULATION OF CRITICAL CURRENTS IN STEP-EDGE SNS YBCO/AU JUNCTIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS AB We compare the electrical transport properties of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor SNS step-edge YBCO/Au junctions where the Au is deposited at 100 degrees C and 600 degrees C. For both types of junctions we observe resistively shunted junction current-voltage characteristics. The critical currents I-c in all cases are similar for a given ratio of YBCO thickness-to-step height, while the normal resistance R(n) for the Au deposited at 600 degrees C is consistently 25% lower than for the Au deposited at 100 degrees C. The normalized temperature dependence of the I(c)R(n) product is nearly identical for all junctions with Au deposited at high temperatures but varies among junctions on a single chip for Au deposited at 100 degrees C. Low magnetic field modulation of the critical current can show either the expected Fraunhofer-like pattern or a double-junction modulation for both types of devices. The modulation period is consistently a factor of 3 lower for the high-temperature deposited Au. C1 NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. CONDUCTUS INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086. RP MISSERT, N (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 2969 EP 2972 DI 10.1109/77.403215 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000223 ER PT J AU GROSSMAN, EN VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR AF GROSSMAN, EN VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA EVENSON, KM ZINK, LR TI 30 THZ MIXING EXPERIMENTS ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID RADIATION; DEVICES AB We have investigated YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconductor-normal-superconductor Josephson junctions as mixers of 30 THz radiation. We have directed observed (2nd order) difference frequencies from 10 MHz to 12.8 GHz between two CO2 laser lines. Applying a third microwave signal to the junction, we have observed CO2 laser difference frequencies up to 27 GHz. The d.c. bias dependence of the difference frequency signal, as well as other evidence, suggests two distinct mixing mechanisms: hot-electron mixing in the junction banks at high d.c. biases, and bolometric Josephson mixing at low d.c. biases. The latter is the first observation of Josephson mixing at CO2 laser frequencies in high-T-c junctions. The Josephson mixing has generated observable mixing products up to 6th order. C1 NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GROSSMAN, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 3061 EP 3064 DI 10.1109/77.403238 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000246 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, DF LIN, JC POLONSKY, SV SEMENOV, VK AF SCHNEIDER, DF LIN, JC POLONSKY, SV SEMENOV, VK TI BROAD-BAND INTERFACING OF SUPERCONDUCTING DIGITAL-SYSTEMS TO ROOM-TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony AB We have developed and tested simple and inexpensive electronics for interfacing Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) Josephson-junction circuits to room temperature digital systems. Voltage-level (Non-Return-to-Zero) bit signals with a swing of similar to 150 uV, developed on-chip by standard SFQ/DC converters, and in some cases amplified to 1.5mV swing by HUFfLE-type circuits, are passed to the 300K environment using a high density (40 channel) flexible coplanar waveguide assembly. AC-coupled, 2-3 stage microwave Si-biploar amps; and Emitter-Coupled-Logic (ECL) buffers accomplish voltage level translation to the standard ECL levels, Using this technique, data rates in excess of 1Gb/s per channel can be achieved at low cost per channel. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SCHNEIDER, DF (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 3152 EP 3155 DI 10.1109/77.403260 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000268 ER PT J AU ECKSTEIN, JN BOZOVIC, I VIRSHUP, GF ONO, RH BENZ, SP AF ECKSTEIN, JN BOZOVIC, I VIRSHUP, GF ONO, RH BENZ, SP TI STACKED SERIES ARRAYS OF HIGH-T-C TRILAYER JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB We report on the properties of stacked series arrays of trilayer Josephson junctions grown by atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy. Trilayer Josephson junctions oriented so that the current travels in the c-axis direction have been described previously. Series arrays are made by placing mole than one barrier layer in the Ba2Sr2CaCu2O8-based, (2212), epitaxial structure. Single molecular layers of 2212 doped with Dy to reduce the local carrier concentration are used as barriers, and are placed very close to each other, e.g., separated by only a few molecular layers of the superconducting phase. Phase locking of a.c. Josephson currents has been observed. The critical current density of such junctions has been observed to be very uniform on wafers that are free of second phase defects, and operation up to 60 K has been obtained. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ECKSTEIN, JN (reprint author), VARIAN ASSOCIATES INC,EL GINZTON RES CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 95014, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 3284 EP 3287 DI 10.1109/77.403293 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000301 ER PT J AU REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH BARNES, G BORCHERDT, L HARVEY, TE KUNKEL, G RUDMAN, DA VALE, LR MISSERT, N ROSENTHAL, PA AF REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH BARNES, G BORCHERDT, L HARVEY, TE KUNKEL, G RUDMAN, DA VALE, LR MISSERT, N ROSENTHAL, PA TI THE CRITICAL-CURRENT AND NORMAL RESISTANCE OF HIGH-TC STEP-EDGE SNS JUNCTIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 16-21, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP MIT, Plasma Fus Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, High Energy Phys, Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Naval Res Lab, USN, Off Naval Res, Quantum Magnet, IGC Adv Superconductors, Stone & Webster Engn Corp, Technova, Martin Marietta Astronaut, Walker Sci Inc, Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Babcock & Wilcox, Bechtel Corp, Cosine, Inc, Synchrony ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS AB We have fabricated high-T-c superconductor-normal-superconductor Josephson junctions with a variety of controlled geometries and measured the resulting dependences of critical current and normal resistance. These studies show that we can adjust our junction parameters over orders of magnitude, thus allowing us to tailor the junctions for a variety of applications. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. ADV FUEL RES,HARTFORD,CT. RP REINTSEMA, CD (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 3405 EP 3409 DI 10.1109/77.403323 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA RP640 UT WOS:A1995RP64000331 ER PT J AU DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM SOLOMON, OM AF DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM SOLOMON, OM TI BOUNDS ON LEAST-SQUARES 4-PARAMETER SINE-FIT ERRORS DUE TO HARMONIC DISTORTION AND NOISE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Anniversary Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/94) on Advanced Technologies in I and M CY MAY 10-14, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN AB Least-squares sine-fit algorithms are used extensively in signal-processing applications, The parameter estimates produced by such algorithms are subject to both random and systematic errors when the record of input samples consists of a fundamental sine wave corrupted by harmonic distortion or noise, The errors occur because, in general,such sine-fits will incorporate a portion of the harmonic distortion or noise into their estimate of the fundamental, Bounds are developed for these errors for least-squares four-parameter (amplitude, frequency, phase, and offset) sine-fit algorithms, The errors are functions of the number of periods in the record, the number of samples in the record, the harmonic order, and fundamental and harmonic amplitudes and phases, The bounds do not apply to cases in which harmonic components become aliased. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 5 TC 45 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 44 IS 3 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1109/19.387298 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RB973 UT WOS:A1995RB97300004 ER PT J AU MARUTHAMUTHU, P PADMAJA, S HUIE, RE AF MARUTHAMUTHU, P PADMAJA, S HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR SOME REACTIONS OF FREE-RADICALS WITH HALOACETATES IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS AB The kinetics of the acqueous-phase reactions of the free radicals . OH, . Cl-2(-), and SO4-. with the halogenated acetates, CH2FCOO-, CHF2COO-, CF3COO-, and with CH2ClCOO-, CHCl2COO-, CCl3COO- were investigated. Generally, the reactivity decreases with increasing halogen substitution and is in the order k(. OH) > k(SO4-.) > k(. Cl-2(-)), but there is no general relation between the effect on reactivity of chlorine and fluorine substitution. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. RP MARUTHAMUTHU, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1002/kin.550270610 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QZ009 UT WOS:A1995QZ00900009 ER PT J AU LUERS, JK ESKRIDGE, RE AF LUERS, JK ESKRIDGE, RE TI TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS FOR THE VIZ AND VAISALA RADIOSONDES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Weather Service VIZ radiosonde and the Vaisala RS-80 radiosondes are used worldwide to obtain upper-air measurements of atmospheric temperature and moisture. The temperature measured by each sensor is not equal to the atmospheric temperature due to solar and infrared irradiation of the sensor, heat conduction to the sensor from its attachment points, and radiation emitted by the sensor. Presently, only the RS-80 radiosonde applies corrections to the sensor temperature to compensate for these heating sources, and this correction is only considered to be a function of solar angle and pressure. Temperature correction models VIZCOR (VIZ sonde) and VAICOR (Vaisala RS-80 sonde) have been developed that derive the atmospheric temperature from the sensor temperature, taking into account all significant environmental processes that influence the heat transfer to the sensor. These models have been validated by comparing their corrected profiles with atmospheric temperature profiles derived from the NASA multithermistor radiosonde. All three radiosondes were flown on the same balloon during the potential reference radiosonde intercomparison. Excellent agreement has been found between all profiles up to an altitude of 30 km. Since the significant error sources in the VIZCOR, VAICOR, and multithermistor techniques are largely independent, agreement between all profiles implies that the corrected sensor profiles are providing an unbiased estimate of the true atmospheric temperature. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1253 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<1241:TCFTVA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC305 UT WOS:A1995RC30500001 ER PT J AU REAGAN, J THOME, K HERMAN, B STONE, R DELUISI, J SNIDER, J AF REAGAN, J THOME, K HERMAN, B STONE, R DELUISI, J SNIDER, J TI A COMPARISON OF COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR RETRIEVALS OBTAINED WITH NEAR-IR SOLAR RADIOMETER AND MICROWAVE RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB A simple two-channel solar radiometer and analysis technique have been developed for sensing atmospheric water vapor via differential solar transmission measurements in and adjacent to the 940-nm water vapor absorption band. A prototype solar radiometer developed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Environmental Research Laboratory underwent trial measurements near Boulder, Colorado, and during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment Phase II cirrus intensive field observation program (Coffeyville, Kansas). These measurements provided the convenient opportunity to compare solar radiometer water vapor retrievals with those obtained using NOAA microwave radiometers. The solar radiometer and microwave radiometer retrievals were found to agree to within 0.1 cm most of the time and to within 0.05 cm the majority of the time, yielding a percent difference in the retrievals generally within 10%. Radiosonde soundings, when available, were also found to generally agree with the microwave and solar radiometer retrievals within 0.1 cm. C1 COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. NOAA,BOULDER,CO. RP REAGAN, J (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ECE,BLDG 104,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1391 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<1384:ACOCWV>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC305 UT WOS:A1995RC30500010 ER PT J AU MCMILLIN, BK ZACHARIAH, MR AF MCMILLIN, BK ZACHARIAH, MR TI 2-DIMENSIONAL ARGON METASTABLE DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS IN A RADIO-FREQUENCY PLASMA REACTOR BY PLANAR LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGES; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; FLUID SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON; EXCITATION; KINETICS; GASES; RATES; RARE; AR RP MCMILLIN, BK (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 11 BP 5538 EP 5544 DI 10.1063/1.359193 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QZ282 UT WOS:A1995QZ28200007 ER PT J AU WILCZAK, JM STRAUCH, RG RALPH, FM WEBER, BL MERRITT, DA JORDAN, JR WOLFE, DE LEWIS, LK WUERTZ, DB GAYNOR, JE MCLAUGHLIN, SA ROGERS, RR RIDDLE, AC DYE, TS AF WILCZAK, JM STRAUCH, RG RALPH, FM WEBER, BL MERRITT, DA JORDAN, JR WOLFE, DE LEWIS, LK WUERTZ, DB GAYNOR, JE MCLAUGHLIN, SA ROGERS, RR RIDDLE, AC DYE, TS TI CONTAMINATION OF WIND PROFILER DATA BY MIGRATING BIRDS - CHARACTERISTICS OF CORRUPTED DATA AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB Winds measured with 915- and 404-MHz wind profilers are frequently found to have nonrandom errors as large as 15 m s(-1) when compared to simultaneously measured rawinsonde winds. Detailed studies of these errors, which occur only at night below about 4 km in altitude and have a pronounced seasonal pattern, indicate that they are due to the wind profilers' detection of migrating songbirds (passerines). Characteristics of contaminated data at various stages of data processing are described, including raw time series, individual spectra, averaged spectra, 30- or 60-s moments, 3- or 6-min winds, and hourly averaged winds. An automated technique for the rejection of contaminated data in historical datasets, based on thresholding high values of moment-level reflectivity and spectral width, is shown to be effective. Techniques designed for future wind profiler data acquisition systems are described that show promise for rejecting bird echoes, with the additional capability of being able to retrieve the true wind velocity in many instances. Finally, characteristics of bird migration revealed by wind profilers are described, including statistics of the spring (March-May) 1993 migration season determined from the 404-MHz Wind Profiler Demonstration Network (WPDN). During that time, contamination of moment data occurred on 43% of the nights monitored. C1 USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO. SONOMA TECHNOL INC,SANTA ROSA,CA. RP WILCZAK, JM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 449 EP 467 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0449:COWPDB>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD279 UT WOS:A1995RD27900001 ER PT J AU STANKOV, BB MARTNER, BE POLITOVICH, MK AF STANKOV, BB MARTNER, BE POLITOVICH, MK TI MOISTURE PROFILING OF THE CLOUDY WINTER ATMOSPHERE USING COMBINED REMOTE SENSORS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; LIQUID WATER; TEMPERATURE; VAPOR; PERFORMANCE; PROJECT; STORMS; RASS AB A new method for deriving profiles of tropospheric water vapor and liquid water from a combination of ground-based remote sensors was applied and tested under winter conditions in Colorado. The method is an extension of physical retrieval techniques used to derive coarse profiles from passive microwave radiometer measurements. Unlike an earlier method, it does not depend on climatological data for first-guess profile inputs. Instead, information about current cloud conditions aloft, obtained with active remote sensors, is used to determine physically realistic, first-guess vertical distributions of the radiometer's integrated vapor and liquid measurements. In preliminary tests, the retrieved profiles were compared with in situ measurements by aircraft and radiosondes during the Winter Icing and Storms Project. The shape of the retrieved liquid profiles agreed well with the aircraft measurements, but heights, thicknesses, and amplitudes differed considerably in some cases. The derived vapor profiles agreed better with radiosonde measurements than the traditional climatological retrievals, but standard deviations of the dewpoint differences were still quite large (5 degrees C). In an integrated, unattended instrument design, the new method has the potential to provide continuous real-time profiles of temperature, wind, humidity, liquid water, and pressure. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,RES APPLICAT PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO. RP STANKOV, BB (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 488 EP 510 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0488:MPOTCW>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD279 UT WOS:A1995RD27900004 ER PT J AU TOMASZKIEWICZ, I HOPE, GA BECK, CM OHARE, PAG AF TOMASZKIEWICZ, I HOPE, GA BECK, CM OHARE, PAG TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SILICIDES .4. DETERMINATION OF THE STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15 K OF PENTATUNGSTEN TRISILICIDES OF COMPOSITION W5SI3 AND W5SI3.115 BY FLUORINE-COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN DISILICIDE; MOLYBDENUM; ENERGY AB Two fully characterized specimens of pentatungsten trisilicide, nominally W5Si3, one believed to have been prepared by direct reaction of the elements in a sealed tube, and the other by are melting, have been studied by fluorine-combustion calorimetry. Chemical analyses of the samples played a pivotal role in this work, and their effects on the results are discussed in detail. The massic energies of combustion of the samples according to the reaction: W5Si3+x(cr) + (21 + 2x)F-2(g) = 5WF(6)(g) + (3 + x)SiF4(g), were measured calorimetrically. Results derived for the standard molar enthalpies of formation Delta(f)H(m)(o)(W5Si3+x) at temperature T = 298.15 K and standard pressure p(o) = 101.325 kPa are: -(126 +/- 18) kJ . mol(-1) for x = 0, and -(97 +/- 20) kJ . mol(-1) for x = 0.115. (Here, and throughout this paper, uncertainties are uncertainty intervals equal to twice the standard deviation of the mean.) The value for Delta(f)H(m)(o)(W5Si3,cr) agrees with estimates from Knudsen-effusion vaporization studies at elevated temperatures. There have been no previous reports of thermodynamic investigations of nonstoichiometric pentatungsten trisilicides. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW,POLAND. GRIFFITH UNIV,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Hope, Gregory/A-7556-2008 OI Hope, Gregory/0000-0003-2694-3456 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1006/jcht.1995.0060 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA RB694 UT WOS:A1995RB69400004 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG CURTISS, LA AF OHARE, PAG CURTISS, LA TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF (GERMANIUM PLUS SULFUR) .4. CRITICAL-EVALUATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOLID AND GASEOUS GERMANIUM(II) SULFIDE GES AND GERMANIUM(IV) DISULFIDE GES2, AND DIGERMANIUM DISULFIDE GE2S2(G) - ENTHALPIES OF DISSOCIATION OF BONDS IN GES(G), GES2(G), AND GE2S2(G) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; HARTREE-FOCK; ENERGIES; CHALCOGENIDES; CONSTANTS; SE; IR AB This is a critical evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of the known solid and gaseous compounds of(germanium + sulfur): GeS(cr), GeS(g), GeS2(cr), GeS2(g), and Ge2S2(g). The heat capacity of GeS(cr) at low and moderate temperatures was evaluated from all the information available in the literature, and the properties: C-p,m(o)(T), {H-m(o)(T)-H-m(o)(T')}, S-m(o)(T), and Phi(m)(o)(T) = (Delta(o)(T)S(m)(o) - Delta(T)(T)H(m)(o)/T), where T' = 298.15 K, were computed to T = 930 K, close to the melting temperature, above which decomposition to a (germanium + sulfur) eutectic and uncombined germanium is believed to occur. On the basis of our recent Value for Delta(r)(H)(m)(o)(GeS, cr, 298.15 K) (J. Chem. Thermodynamics 1994, 26, 727), Delta(r)H(m)(o)(T) and Delta(f)G(m)(o)(T) were also calculated over the same temperature range. A critical assessment of the enthalpy of sublimation Delta(sub)H(m)(o) yielded Delta(r)H(m)(o)(GeS, g, T). In another part of the present series (J. Chem. Thermodynamics 1995, 27, 99), we determined Delta(r)H(m)(o)(GeS2, cr, 298.15 K); the corresponding Delta(r)H(m)(o)(GeS2, cr, T) is tabulated in the present paper to T = 1000 K. Ab initio molecular-orbital calculations showed the cyclic (C-2v) arrangement to be the most stable for Ge2S2(g), and the predicted structure and vibrational wavenumbers were used in calculations of its thermodynamic properties as a function of temperature by means of statistical mechanics. A similar treatment of the linear GeS2(g) is described. The assessed Delta(r)H(m)(o)(GeS, g, T --> O) is in harmony with our reinterpreted molar enthalpy of dissociation D-m(o)(GeS) from spectroscopy; and the enthalpies of dissociation of the bonds in GeS2(g) and Ge2S2(g) are also discussed. In summary, the molar enthalpy of dissociation of the (triple) bond in GeS, 535 kJ . mol(-1), is the largest for any Ge-to-S linkage, and the mean molar enthalpy of dissociation of the (double) bonds in GeS2, 404 kJ . mol(-1), is greater by 110 kJ . mol(-1) than [D-m(o)(Ge2S2)] because, presumably, Ge2S2(g) has essentially single Ge-S bonds only. The molar enthalpy of dissociation of the ''primary'' bond D-m(o)(S-GeS) is of comparable magnitude to the mean molar dissociation enthalpy of the Ge-S bonds in Ge2S2(g). C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NIST,DEPT CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 643 EP 662 DI 10.1006/jcht.1995.0066 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA RB694 UT WOS:A1995RB69400010 ER PT J AU MO, KC WANG, XL AF MO, KC WANG, XL TI SENSITIVITY OF THE SYSTEMATIC-ERROR OF EXTENDED RANGE FORECASTS TO SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; TELECONNECTIONS; IMPACT; SKILL; MODEL; DERF AB The sensitivity of the systematic error of extended-range forecasts to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated. General circulation model (GCM) experiments were performed to quantify error patterns for warm, normal, and cold SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific. The model underestimates the strength of tropical convection during warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes and has large zonal mean errors in midlatitudes. The model captures the negative Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA) pattern during the cold ENSO episodes, but the simulated amplitude is too weak. The time-mean errors during warm and cold ENSO events bear little resemblance to the errors estimated from a 10-yr integration, which includes both warm and cold episodes. The time-mean error of a 10-yr integration is a good estimate of the systematic model error only for those years when SSTs are close to climatology. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,5200 AUTH RD,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1543 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1533:SOTSEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700005 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RW SMITH, TM AF REYNOLDS, RW SMITH, TM TI A HIGH-RESOLUTION GLOBAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE CLIMATOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB In response to the development of a new higher-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new monthly 1 degrees global sea surface temperature climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: the 2 degrees SST climatology presently used at NMC and a 1 degrees SST climatology derived from the new analysis. The 2 degrees SST climatology used a 30-yr 1950-1979 base period between roughly 40 degrees S and 60 degrees N based on in situ(ship and buoy) SST data supplemented by four years (1982-1985) of satellite SST retrievals. The 1 degrees SST climatology was based on monthly analyses using in situ SST data, satellite SST retrievals, and sea-ice coverage data over a 12-yr period (1982-1993). The final climatology was combined from these two products so that a 1 degrees resolution was maintained and the base period was adjusted to the 1950-1979 period wherever possible (approximately between 40 degrees S and 60 degrees N). Compared to the 2 degrees climatology, the 1 degrees climatology resolves equatorial upwelling and fronts much better. This leads to a better matching of the scales of the new analysis and climatology. In addition, because the magnitudes of large-scale features are consistently maintained in both the older 2 degrees and the new 1 degrees climatologies, climate monitoring of large-scale anomalies will be minimally affected by the analysis change. The use of 12 years of satellite SST retrievals makes this new climatology useful for many additional purposes because its effective resolution actually approaches 1 degrees everywhere over the global ocean and because the mean SST values are more accurate south of 40 degrees S than climatologies without these data. RP REYNOLDS, RW (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,W-NMCX3,5200 AUTH RD,ROOM 807,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 12 TC 318 Z9 324 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1583 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1571:AHRGSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700008 ER PT J AU WANG, XL ROPELEWSKI, CF AF WANG, XL ROPELEWSKI, CF TI AN ASSESSMENT OF ENSO-SCALE SECULAR VARIABILITY SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; OSCILLATION AB Secular changes in the spatial and temporal structures of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle using four different versions of global sea surface temperature (SST) analysis are examined. The assessments were made for both multidecadal climate means and multidecadal measures of variability by separating the SST variations into low-frequency (periods longer than 30 years) and high-frequency components. The reliability of these estimates is also addressed. This study substantiates a conceptual framework that views the multidecadal, low-frequency variations as a varying climate ''base state'' upon which ENSO-scale variability is superposed. The secular changes of the climate base state were quantified both in space and in time. The analysis suggests that multidecadal SST variability has been concentrated in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean Basins. The Pacific is dominated by the ENSO-scale variability. The analyses reveal that variations in the climate base state and ENSO-scale variability were positively correlated; that is, ENSO-scale variability is higher (lower) when the climate mean SST is relatively warmer (colder). However, the quantification of secular changes of the ENSO-scale variability was found to be sensitive to the particular SST analysis used. Therefore, the conclusions from this study are subject to further verification by using more variables and longer records. RP WANG, XL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC52,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1599 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1584:AAOESS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700009 ER PT J AU SMITH, TM CHELLIAH, M AF SMITH, TM CHELLIAH, M TI THE ANNUAL CYCLE IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN BASED ON ASSIMILATED OCEAN DATA FROM 1983 TO 1992 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TAHITI SHUTTLE EXPERIMENT; EL-NINO; SEA-LEVEL; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; CURRENTS; WINTER; HAWAII; MODEL AB An analysis of the tropical Pacific Ocean from January 1983 to December 1992 is used to describe the annual cycle, with the main focus on subsurface temperature variations. Some analysis of ocean-current variations are also considered. Monthly mean fields are generated by assimilation of surface and subsurface temperature data into an ocean general circulation model. Data used in the analysis include satellite sea surface temperature observations and surface and subsurface temperature observations from ships and buoys. Comparisons with observations show that the analysis reasonably describes large-scale ocean thermal variations. Ocean currents are not assimilated and do not compare as well with observations. However, the ocean-current variations in the analysis are qualitatively similar to the known variations given by others. The authors use harmonic analysis to separate the mean annual cycle and estimate its contribution to total variance. The analysis shows that in most regions the annual cycle of subsurface thermal variations is larger than surface variations and that these variations are associated with changes in the depth of the thermocline. The annual cycle accounts for most of the total surface variance poleward of about 10 degrees latitude but accounts for much Less surface and subsurface total variance near the equator. Large subsurface annual cycles occur near 10 degrees N associated with shifts of the intertropical convergence zone and along the equator associated with the annual cycle of equatorial wind stress. The hemispherically asymmetric depths of the 20 degrees C isotherms indicate that the large Southern Hemisphere warm pool, which extends to near the equator, may play an important role in thermal variations on the equator. RP SMITH, TM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1614 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1600:TACITT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700010 ER PT J AU LYON, B DOLE, RM AF LYON, B DOLE, RM TI A DIAGNOSTIC COMPARISON OF THE 1980 AND 1988 US SUMMER HEAT WAVE-DROUGHTS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES DROUGHT; STATIONARY WAVES; BLOCKING EPISODE; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT PLAINS; GCM; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION AB Observational analyses are performed to examine the roles of remote and local forcing in the evolutions of the extreme U.S. summer heat wave-drought cases of 1980 and 1988. At early stages, both events are associated with anomalous stationary wave patterns. Wave activity flux analyses suggest that in the 1980 case anomalous wave activity propagates southeastward from an apparent source region to the south of the Aleutians. The flux pattern is more complex in the 1988 case but suggests two possible source regions, one over the central North Pacific to the north of the Hawaiian Islands and a second located over the far western Pacific. The 1988 analyses show no anomalous wave propagation out of the eastern tropical Pacific, although this result does not necessarily preclude a role for tropical forcing in generating the anomalous wave train. In both cases the anomalous wave trains and associated wave activity fluxes become very weak by early July, indicating that remotely forced anomalous stationary waves are unlikely to account for the later stages of the heat wave-droughts. This leads us to examine whether these events were enhanced or prolonged by changes in the local surface energy budget associated with reductions in evapotranspiration (ET) over the drought regions, Water vapor budgets show a systematic decrease in monthly mean ET from June to August during both events. Comparisons with nondrought summers support the idea that by late summer ET rates in both events are anomalously low. Estimated reductions in surface latent heat fluxes relative to the control years are approximately 50 W m(-2) in 1980 and 20 W m(-2) in 1988, with implied increases in sensible heating of similar magnitudes. Overall, the results indicate the importance of both dynamical forcing from remote sources and anomalous local boundary conditions in accounting for the two extreme heat wave-drought events. The relative importance of these factors varies significantly during the evolution of the events, with remote forcing playing a predominant role at early stages and anomalous local boundary conditions assuming increasing importance at later stages. C1 NOAA, ERL, CDC, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT EARTH SCI, LOWELL, MA USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1658 EP 1675 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1658:ADCOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700014 ER PT J AU DESER, C BLACKMON, ML AF DESER, C BLACKMON, ML TI ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TROPICAL AND NORTH PACIFIC SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Note ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HEIGHT FIELD; EL-NINO; OCEAN; ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY AB Empirical orthogonal function analysis of winter sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific domain (60 degrees N-20 degrees S) reveals an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode that is linked to the eastern North Pacific, and a North Pacific mode that is linearly independent of ENSO. The North Pacific mode exhibits maximum amplitude and variance explained along similar to 40 degrees N, west of similar to 170 degrees W. SSTs in this region have decreased by similar to 1.5 degrees C from 1950 to 1987. The cooling in winter has been associated with a strengthening of the overlying westerly winds. C1 NOAA,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO. RP DESER, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 17 TC 197 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1677 EP 1680 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1677:OTRBTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700015 ER PT J AU Steurer, PM Crandell, JH AF Steurer, PM Crandell, JH TI Comparison of methods used to create estimate of air-freezing index SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A climatography of 100-year return-period air-freezing indexes (AFIs) has been developed to accompany recommendations for the design of frost-protected shallow foundations (FPSFs) in the U.S. residential construction industry. These design recommendations are based on European FPSF procedures and proposed consensus standards, so this paper investigates and compares the different methods of generating freezing indexes in Norway, Finland, and the United States. Previously overlooked, the differences in these methods have a substantial influence on the estimated AFI and the application of return-period statistics. The method used in the United States to calculate the AFI better represents the ground-freezing effect for all climate regimes. Additional research related to this topic has also shown that the Weibull distribution provides superior predictions of the AFI at long return periods. C1 NAHB RES CTR,UPPER MARLBORO,MD 20772. RP Steurer, PM (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,DATA BASE MANAGEMENT BRANCH,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1995)9:2(64) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA UC869 UT WOS:A1995UC86900002 ER PT J AU KELLY, JR TESK, JA SORENSEN, JA AF KELLY, JR TESK, JA SORENSEN, JA TI FAILURE OF ALL-CERAMIC FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO - ANALYSIS AND MODELING SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DENTAL CERAMICS; FAILURE ANALYSIS; PROSTHODONTICS ID FRACTURE AB Hertzian cone cracks visible at the loading site of 20 all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs), tested in vitro, led to the hypotheses that failure was due to the propagation of localized contact damage crack systems (Hertzian stress state) and that such damage was an unlikely clinical failure mode. Fractographic analysis of the 20 laboratory-failed and nine clinically-failed all-ceramic FPDs allowed for definitive testing of these hypotheses and a comparison between in vitro and in vivo failure behavior. In all cases, failure occurred in the FPD connectors (none from contact damage), with approximately 70 to 78% originating from the interface between the core and veneer ceramics. The coincidence between failure origins provides strong evidence that the in vitro test modeled aspects of structural behavior having clinical importance. The fractographic observations, coupled with the in vitro failure load data, furnished very specific boundary conditions which were applied to constrain mathematical models of FPD connector failure. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the laboratory FPDs found that maximum principal tensile stresses would occur at locations consistent with the fractographic observations only if: (1) there were appropriate elastic moduli differences between the ceramics; and (2) a small amount of abutment rotation was allowed. Weibull failure probability (P-f) calculations, incorporating FEA stress profiles, very closely replicated the laboratory failure distribution only when: (1) the veneer ceramic was much weaker than the core ceramic; and (2) the Weibull modulus of the core-veneer interface was much lower than that for the free veneer surface (i.e., the interface is of lower quality with regard to defects). This combined fractographic and mathematical analysis of FPD connectors suggests that the core-veneer interface is an important failure source and that the veneering ceramic overwhelmingly controls load-bearing capability. Observations from failed clinical restorations provided critical guidance in validating a laboratory test and focusing a mathematical failure model. C1 USN,SCH DENT,DENT RES INST DETACHMENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP KELLY, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DENT & MED MAT GRP,BLDG 224-A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [IA-2Y01-DE30001]; PHS HHS [DN 241120] NR 24 TC 226 Z9 232 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1258 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA RN489 UT WOS:A1995RN48900003 PM 7629333 ER PT J AU BENETTI, DD BRILL, RW KRAUL, SA AF BENETTI, DD BRILL, RW KRAUL, SA TI THE STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE OF DOLPHIN FISH SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAHIMAHI; DORADO; ENERGETICS; PELAGIC FISH; GROWTH ID TUNA KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; ACUTE-HYPOXIA; PAGRUS-MAJOR; BODY SIZE; OXYGEN; RESPONSES; GROWTH; GILL AB The standard metabolic rates (SMRs) of 11 (1.395-4.125 kg) dolphin fish (mahimahi or dorado, Coryphaena hippurus) were measured at 25 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C. Fish were prevented from swimming with neuromuscular blocking agents and force ventilated. Heart rates were determined simultaneously. SMRs (358-726 mg O-2 h(-1)) were several times those of other similarly sized active teleosts such as salmonids, but close to those of tunas. Heart rates (84-161 beats min (-1) ) were also high, but alike those of tunas under similar circumstances. As in tunas, the high SMR of dolphin fish may result from high osmoregulatory costs engendered by their large gill surface areas and/or other adaptations necessary for achieving exceptionally high maximum metabolic rates. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE BIOL & FISHERIES,MIAMI,FL 33149. OCEAN INST,HONOLULU,HI 96825. WAIKIKI AQUARIUM,HONOLULU,HI 96815. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 6 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1006/jfbi.1995.0094 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RF153 UT WOS:A1995RF15300007 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Note RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A6 BP 9651 EP 9652 DI 10.1029/95JA01444 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RC077 UT WOS:A1995RC07700020 ER PT J AU CLEARY, DD GNANALINGAM, S MCCOY, RP DYMOND, KF EPARVIER, FG AF CLEARY, DD GNANALINGAM, S MCCOY, RP DYMOND, KF EPARVIER, FG TI THE MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW SPECTRUM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOWER THERMOSPHERE; NITRIC-OXIDE; SELF-ABSORPTION; EMISSION AB Spectroscopic measurements of the thermospheric dayglow in the wavelength range 1900 to 3400 Angstrom are presented. These measurements were made during two rocket experiments conducted on March 30, 1990, and March 19, 1992, from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The data are presented to provide reference spectra in the lower, middle, and upper thermosphere. The 1990 observations, which were made during high geomagnetic activity, showed considerably enhanced nitric oxide (NO) intensities. Self-absorption theory is applied to the upsilon'' = 0 bands of the NO gamma system, It is found that a recently published self-absorption algorithm correctly accounts for the attenuation of the gamma(1,0) bands. There is a small discrepancy between the theory and observation for the (2,0) band and the (0,0) band intensity. The fact that there is reasonable agreement for all three bands suggests that both the NO slant column density and oscillator strengths for these bands are correct. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CLEARY, DD (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,CODE PH CL,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A6 BP 9729 EP 9739 DI 10.1029/94JA03145 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA RC077 UT WOS:A1995RC07700027 ER PT J AU GANGOPADHYAY, S CROSS, RW ELLINER, G JACKSON, S JENNER, AG GREENOUGH, RD DYER, PE BAO, X METZGER, RM PARKER, MR AF GANGOPADHYAY, S CROSS, RW ELLINER, G JACKSON, S JENNER, AG GREENOUGH, RD DYER, PE BAO, X METZGER, RM PARKER, MR TI COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE IN PULSED LASER-DEPOSITED THIN CERAMIC FILMS SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICES AB Films of La100-xCaxMnO2, where x = 34, 40 and 50, with perovskite structure, have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The films are non-epitaxial, polycrystalline and have cubic crystal structure at room temperature. The temperature variation of resistivity shows no evidence of an electrical phase transformation. The highest CMR observed is near 1800% at 55 K in a maximum applied field of 70 kOe (5600 kA/m). The results of temperature variation of susceptibility, hysteresis, resistivity and CMR properties follow a self-consistent behaviour. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV HULL,DEPT APPL PHYS,KINGSTON HULL HU6 7RX,N HUMBERSIDE,ENGLAND. RP GANGOPADHYAY, S (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,CTR MAT INFORMAT TECHNOL,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 147 IS 3 BP L225 EP L230 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)00299-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA RF552 UT WOS:A1995RF55200002 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H FORTUNKO, C HEYLIGER, P AF LEDBETTER, H FORTUNKO, C HEYLIGER, P TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS AND INTERNAL-FRICTION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Note AB Using ultrasonic-resonance spectroscopy (URS), we measured the elastic constant C and companion internal friction Q(-1) of isotropic polycrystalline copper. The annealed material was 0.9999 pure with equiaxed heavily twinned grains averaging about 75 mu m diameter. The URS method offers the principal advantage of point contact or loose coupling, thus there was no contribution from a transducer-specimen bond and only small contributions from transducers and fixture. A second advantage is one measurement for all elastic constants and all associated internal frictions. The C's agree with established values. The Q(-1)'s are much lower than pulse-echo-method values. Comparison of measured Q(-1) with the Koehler-Granato-Lucke model permits estimating an effective dislocation-loop length. Q(-1) (shear) exceeds Q(-1) (longitudinal) by a factor of about 1.5. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1352 EP 1353 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.1352 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QZ899 UT WOS:A1995QZ89900003 ER PT J AU FARABAUGH, EN ROBINS, L FELDMAN, A JOHNSON, CE AF FARABAUGH, EN ROBINS, L FELDMAN, A JOHNSON, CE TI GROWTH AND OXIDATION OF BORON-DOPED DIAMOND FILMS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; KINETICS; CARBON; DIODE AB Boron-doped diamond films have been grown by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition process. The feed gas was a mixture of argon, bubbled through a solution of B2O3 in ethanol, and hydrogen. The highest growth rate was 0.7 mu m/h. The boron concentration in the films depended on the concentration of B2O3 in the ethanol. The highest boron doping level, as measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, was 6300 atomic ppm. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction both confirmed the presence of crystalline diamond in the films. The frequency of the diamond Raman line decreased with increasing boron concentration. This shift may arise from an interaction of the charged carriers (holes) produced by the boron doping and the Raman-active optic phonon. The oxidation rates of doped and undoped films were measured by thermogravimetric analysis at 700 degrees C in flowing high purity oxygen. Films with a boron concentration of 6300 ppm oxidized at one-tenth the rate of undoped diamond. A layer of B2O3, detected on the surface of an oxidized B-doped film, is believed to act as a protective barrier that decreases the oxidation rate. C1 USN,CTR WEAP,CTR AIR WARFARE,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. RP FARABAUGH, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1454 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.1448 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QZ899 UT WOS:A1995QZ89900018 ER PT J AU BOYCE, CW GILLIES, CW WARNER, H GILLIES, JZ LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD AF BOYCE, CW GILLIES, CW WARNER, H GILLIES, JZ LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD TI MICROWAVE-SPECTRA, STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT OF THE AR-ISOCYANIC ACID VAN-DER-WAALS COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION CONSTANTS; VANDERWAALS COMPLEX; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; MILLIMETER WAVE; SPECTROSCOPY; AR-H2O; RADIOFREQUENCY; ACETYLENE; DIMER AB The microwave spectra of Ar-HNCO and Ar-DNCO have been investigated with a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer in the region of 8 to 18 GHz. One state is observed for each isotopomer and the a- and b-type transitions are fitted to an asymmetric top Hamiltonian. The spectral constants obtained from this fit for Ar-HNCO are A = 11224.5667(9) MHz, B = 1937.6357 (5) MHz, C = 1638.6608 (2) MHz, Delta(J) = 14.689(10) kHz, Delta(JK) = 388.52(13) kHz, Delta(K) = -313.85(37) kHz, delta(J), = 2.471(2) kHz, chi(aa) = -0.946(3) MHz, and chi(bb) = 2.024(4) MHz. Stark effect measurements determine mu(a) = 1.3940(50) x 10(-30) C m [0.4179(15) D] and mu(b) = 5.1219(83) X 10(-30) C m [1.5355(25) D] for Ar-HNCO. The inertial defects, Delta in u Angstrom(2), are 2.5629 and 2.555 for Ar-HNCO and Ar-DCNO, respectively. A planar T-shaped structure is determined from the effective moments of inertia with an Ar to HNCO center-of-mass separation of 3.577 Angstrom. The moment of inertia data indicate that the oxygen is tilted toward the argon and the hydrogen is oriented syn with respect to argon. However, the small measured value of mu(a), in the complex compared to mu(b) in the monomer, HNCO, suggests that the hydrogen undergoes internal rotation approximately about the heavy atom axis of HNCO (a inertia axis of HNCO) which would mean the effective moments of inertia are averaged over this motion. Comparison of the quadrupole coupling constants in HNCO to Ar-HNCO also provides evidence in support of this internal motion. The uncertainties shown in parentheses are one standard deviation. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SIENA COLL, DEPT CHEM, LOUDONVILLE, NY 12211 USA. NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP BOYCE, CW (reprint author), RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT CHEM, TROY, NY 12180 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 533 EP 545 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1140 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QZ294 UT WOS:A1995QZ29400021 ER PT J AU VANDOLAH, FM LEIGHFIELD, TA SANDEL, HD HSU, CK AF VANDOLAH, FM LEIGHFIELD, TA SANDEL, HD HSU, CK TI CELL-DIVISION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS IS PHASED TO THE DIURNAL CYCLE AND ACCOMPANIED BY ACTIVATION OF THE CELL-CYCLE REGULATORY PROTEIN, CDC2 KINASE SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CDC2 KINASE; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIURNAL RHYTHM; GAMBIERDISCUS TOXICUS; MITOSIS; PYRROPHYTA ID GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; DNA-SYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB The cell division cycle in several pelagic dinoflagellate species has been shown to be phased with the diurnal cycle, suggesting that their cell cycle may be regulated by a circadian clock. In this study, we examined the cell cycle of an epibenthic dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi and Fukuyo (Dinophyceae), and found that cell division was similarly phased to the diurnal cycle. Cell division occurred during a 3-h window beginning 6 h after the onset of the dark phase. Cell cycle progression in higher eukaroytes is regulated by a cell cycle regulatory protein complex consisting of cyclin and the cyclin-dependent kinase CDC2. In this report, we identified a CDC2-like kinase in G. toxicus that displays activity in vitro against a known substrate of CDC2 kinase, histone H1. As in higher eukaryotes, CDC2 kinase was expressed constitutively in G. toxicus throughout the cell cycle, but it was activated only late in the dark phase, concurrent with the presence of mitotic cells. These results indicate that cell division in G. toxicus is regulated by molecular controls similar to those found in higher eukaryotes. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP VANDOLAH, FM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CHARLESTON LAB,MARINE BIOTOXINS PROGRAM,CHARLESTON,SC 29412, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RF344 UT WOS:A1995RF34400010 ER PT J AU BLUMENTHAL, MB BRISCOE, MG AF BLUMENTHAL, MB BRISCOE, MG TI DISTINGUISHING PROPAGATING WAVES AND STANDING MODES - AN INTERNAL WAVE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID UPPER-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; FIELD AB This paper examines high-frequency (0.1-0.5 cph) internal waves, waves previously characterized by the Garrett and Munk spectral fits (GM72, GM75, GM79) as being vertically symmetric propagating waves (or equivalently ''smeared'' standing modes-GM72). Coherences at large vertical separations measured with deep sea moorings show significant differences from the GM79 predictions. The differences can be explained by modifying the purely propagating model to one that includes the spectral truncation and phase locking associated with a spectrum of standing modes. A model consisting of only standing modes, however, is also inadequate, whereas a more general spectral model, which effectively allows both propagating waves and standing modes, is not. These results show that much of the simplicity of the GM79 spectral fit can be attributed to lack of spectral resolution in the set of measurements to which the GM models were fit. The GM79 simplicity is not an intrinsic property of the internal wave field. C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP BLUMENTHAL, MB (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1115 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1095:DPWASM>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RE588 UT WOS:A1995RE58800005 ER PT J AU GINIS, I SUTYRIN, G AF GINIS, I SUTYRIN, G TI HURRICANE-GENERATED DEPTH-AVERAGED CURRENTS AND SEA-SURFACE ELEVATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; MOVING STORM; SCALES; SCHEME; MODEL AB A theory of the depth-averaged currents and sea surface elevation generated by a moving hurricane in a stratified ocean with flat bottom is presented. Using a scale analysis of the depth-integrated momentum and continuity equations, it is found that the depth-avenged currents are nearly nondivergent and determined entirely by the wind stress curl. Earth's rotation and ocean stratification have negligible effects. The sea surface elevation is decomposed into four physically different parts caused by geostrophic adjustment to the depth-averaged currents, wind stress divergence, inverted barometer effect, and baroclinic effects. When a hurricane moves with a uniform speed, it generates quasi-stationary, alongtrack, elongated depth-averaged currents. The sea surface elevation remaining after the hurricane passage is a combination of a trough geostrophically adjusted with the depth-averaged currents and a sea surface elevation associated with baroclinic effects. The barotropic response is analyzed for different wind stress distributions. A universal nondimensional description of the depth-averaged flow is suggested, using scaling based on the maximum wind stress torque L tau(L) and its radius L. This marks the primary difference with baroclinic responses where the radius of maximum winds, R(m), and maximum wind stress tau(m) are the determining scales. For all cases considered, the maximum depth-averaged current is proportional to L tau(L) and the distance from the maximum to the storm track is proportional to L. The wind stress behavior at the hurricane's periphery is shown to be an important feature in determining the sea surface response. Analytical solutions of approximated equations agree well with numerical simulations based on the full set of equations. It is demonstrated, using a two-layer model, that nonlinear coupling between the baroclinic and barotropic modes is rather weak, and therefore they may be calculated separately. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1218 EP 1242 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1218:HGDACA>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RE588 UT WOS:A1995RE58800012 ER PT J AU ZAVATARELLI, M MELLOR, GL AF ZAVATARELLI, M MELLOR, GL TI A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN-SEA CIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LEVANTINE INTERMEDIATE WATER; HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; ALGERIAN CURRENT; DELAWARE BAY; RIVER SYSTEM; DENSE WATER; MIXED-LAYER; ALBORAN-SEA; BASIN AB A primitive equation ocean model that makes use of a curvilinear orthogonal grid and a sigma-coordinate system was used to simulate the Mediterranean Sea. The model was forced with monthly climatological values of wind stress, heat, and salinity nux. With the help of the curvilinear horizontal grid, the larger scales of the entire Mediterranean Sea are modeled, and the topography around the narrow and shallow Straits of Gibraltar is also reasonably well represented. The resulting model inflow and outflow seems to mimic the real Mediterranean, often in considerable detail. Levantine Intermediate Water is formed in the Levantine Basin and exits through the Strait of Sicily and the Strait of Gibraltar. Deep-water formation processes are clearly represented by the model. The model results indicate that in the western Mediterranean the wind stress is very important in establishing the summer northward shift of the Atlantic inflow. Lateral boundary runoff, surface salinity, and heat fluxes are necessary for the maintenance of the cyclonic circulation in the northern Balearic Basin and enhance the seasonal reversal of the circulation in the Tyrrhenian Sea. An interesting result is the existence of a seasonal variation in the path of the Levantine Intermediate Water. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 68 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1414 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1384:ANSOTM>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RE589 UT WOS:A1995RE58900002 ER PT J AU SCHWAB, DJ OCONNOR, WP MELLOR, GL AF SCHWAB, DJ OCONNOR, WP MELLOR, GL TI ON THE NET CYCLONIC CIRCULATION IN LARGE STRATIFIED LAKES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID MODELS AB This paper proposes a possible explanation for the mean cyclonic circulation in large stratified lakes. The condition of no heat flux through the bottom boundary causes the isotherms to dip near the shores to intersect the sloping bottom orthogonally. This ''doming'' of the thermocline causes an internal pressure gradient in the surface layer with higher pressure nearshore and results in a geostrophic cyclonic circulation. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI. PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ. RP SCHWAB, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1520 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1516:OTNCCI>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RE589 UT WOS:A1995RE58900010 ER PT J AU HEREMANS, C WUENSCH, BJ STALICK, JK PRINCE, E AF HEREMANS, C WUENSCH, BJ STALICK, JK PRINCE, E TI FAST-ION CONDUCTING Y-2(ZRYTI1-Y)(2)O-7 PYROCHLORES - NEUTRON RIETVELD ANALYSIS OF DISORDER-INDUCED BY ZR SUBSTITUTION SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS; FLUORITE; DIFFRACTION AB The structure of Y-2(ZryTi1-y)O-7 solid solutions progressively changes, with increasing y, from an ordered pyrochlore structure A(2)B(2)O(7) square, space group Fd3m, to a deflect-fluorite structure (A, B)(4) (O(0.875)square(0.125))(8), space group Fm3m, at y = 0.90. The anion array consists of three independent sites O(1), O(2), and O(3), occupying positions 48f, 8a and 8b, respectively, of which 8b is unoccupied in a fully ordered pyrochlore. Rietveld powder-profile analysis of data collected with 1.5453-Angstrom thermal neutrons was used to determine the structural state of four samples with increasing Zr content (y = 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.90). Refinements that employed only the pyrclchlore superstructure intensity data provided weighted profile residuals that ranged 8.06 to 8.67% compared with expected values of 7.13 to 7.87% derived from counting statistics. The onset of disorder at y = 0.30 is marked by filling of the vacant 8b site with oxygen ions displaced from the nearest-neighbor anion shell-i.e., O(1) in 48f. Only for y > 0.45 does O(2) participate in the disorder. Mixing of the occupancy of cation sites A and B begins only with under occupancy of the O(2) site. The eight-coordinated A site, position 16c, is occupied solely by Y for y less than or equal to 0.45 and is predominantly Y at y = 0.60. The substituted Zr4+ thus replaces Ti4+ in the six-coordinated B site for most of the solid-solution series. Complete mixing of all three cation species occurs abruptly over the narrow compositional range 0.60 < y less than or equal to 0.90. The disordered structural states cannot be described by a single-order parameter. The O(1) ion is displaced 0.46 Angstrom toward the vacant O(3) site in the ordered pyrochlore at y = 0. The displacement relaxes to the ideal position of the fluorite structure with a quadratic dependence on y. Increase of the anisotropic temperature-factor coefficients with y indicates general softening of the structure with increased disorder. The array of O(1) ions forms a continuous path for migration of anions through the structure. The magnitude and composition dependence of the reported change of ionic conductivity with y may be satisfactorily explained by the variation of the product of charge-carrier concentration and vacancy concentration N(N - 1), where N is taken as the site occupancy of O(1). (C) Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HEREMANS, C (reprint author), MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 25 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 117 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1006/jssc.1995.1253 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RA399 UT WOS:A1995RA39900016 ER PT J AU PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR AF PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR TI CONTACT FATIGUE OF A SILICON-CARBIDE WITH A HETEROGENEOUS GRAIN-STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; INDENTATION FRACTURE; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; WEAR; DEGRADATION; COMPRESSION; COMPOSITES; TRANSITION; MECHANISM AB A comparative study of cyclic fatigue damage from Hertzian contacts in silicon carbide ceramics with homogeneous microstructure (fine, equiaxed grains, strong grain boundaries) and heterogeneous microstructure (coarse, contiguous elongate grains, weak interphase boundaries) is presented, Observations of the surface and subsurface damage patterns using optical microscopy reveal fundamentally different cyclic fatigue mechanisns: in the homogeneous material, by slow growth of a well-developed cone crack outside the contact area; in the heterogeneous material, by progressive mechanical degradation within a distributed damage zone below the contact area. Scanning electron micrographs of the latter material show copious fine debris in the damage zone, consistent with a degradation mechanism by frictional attrition by forward-reverse sliding at the weak interphase boundaries, Acoustic emission is recorded during both load and unload half-cycles, confirming hysteresis in the sliding process, Flexure tests indicate initially slight strength losses from the cyclic contact damage in both microstructures, followed by accelerated losses at higher numbers of cycles. The underlying basis for establishing an analytical model of damage accumulation in the heterogeneous microstructure in terms of shear-fault sliding, and for designing microstructures for optimal properties in fatigue and wear applications, is foreshadowed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 44 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1438 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08834.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA RX772 UT WOS:A1995RX77200002 ER PT J AU TATARSKII, VI AF TATARSKII, VI TI RELATION BETWEEN THE RAYLEIGH EQUATION IN DIFFRACTION THEORY AND THE EQUATION BASED ON GREENS FORMULA SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PERIODIC SURFACE; SCATTERING; HYPOTHESIS AB The steps necessary to produce the Rayleigh equation that is based on the Rayleigh hypothesis from the equation that is based on the Green's formula are shown. First a definition is given for the scattering amplitude that is true not only in the far zone of diffraction but also near the scattering surface. With this definition the Rayleigh equation coincides with the rigorous equation for the surface secondary sources that is based on Green's formula. The Rayleigh hypothesis is equivalent to substituting the far-zone expression of the scattering amplitude into this rigorous equation. In this case it turns out to be the equation not for the sources but directly for the scattering amplitude, which is the main advantage of this method. For comparing the Rayleigh equation with the initial rigorous equation, the Rayleigh equation is represented in terms of secondary sources. The kernel of this equation contains an integral that converges for positive and diverges for negative values of some parameter. It is shown that if we regularize this integral, defining it for the negative values of this parameter as an analytical continuation from the domain of positive values, this kernel becomes equal to the kernel of the initial rigorous equation. It follows that the formal perturbation series for the scattering amplitude obtained from the Rayleigh equation and from Green's equation always coincide. This means that convergence of the perturbation series is a sufficient condition for the scattering amplitude obtained from the Rayleigh hypothesis to be true. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1260 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.12.001254 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA QZ273 UT WOS:A1995QZ27300007 ER PT J AU MULLINEAUX, LS WIEBE, PH BAKER, ET AF MULLINEAUX, LS WIEBE, PH BAKER, ET TI LARVAE OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN HYDROTHERMAL VENT PLUMES OVER JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON DISPLACEMENT VOLUME; BAROCLINIC VORTEX; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; WET WEIGHT; DRY-WEIGHT; DEEP-SEA; PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; CARBON; OCEAN AB Larvae of benthic invertebrates collected in the water column above Juan de Fuca Ridge show distinct variations in abundance and composition in, and away from, the neutrally-buoyant hydrothermal plume emanating from underlying vents. Larvae of vent gastropods (Lepetodrilus sp. and two peltospirid species) occur in significantly higher abundances in the plume than away from it (mean abundance = 21.0 individuals 1000 m(-3) vs 1.4 individuals 1000 m(-3)), and larvae of vent bivalves (Calyptogena? sp.) occur exclusively in the plume (mean abundance = 0.5 individuals 1000 m(-3)). Larvae from other benthic taxa known not to be endemic to Juan de Fuca vent communities, such as anthozoans, pholad clams, bryozoans and echinoderms, are less abundant in the plume than away (mean abundance = 47.5 vs 16.9 individuals 1000 m(-3)) at comparable depths and heights above the bottom. These results support the hypothesis that larvae of vent species are entrained into buoyant hydrothermal plumes and transported at the level of lateral spreading, several hundred meters above the seafloor. The discovery of vent-associated larvae in the plume suggests that models used to predict hydrodynamic processes in the plume will also be useful for modeling larval dispersal. Advanced imaging and new molecular-based approaches will be required to resolve taxonomic uncertainties in some larval groups (e.g. certain polychaete families) in order to distinguish vent species and make comprehensive flux estimates of all vent larvae in the neutrally-buoyant plume. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP MULLINEAUX, LS (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 122 IS 4 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1007/BF00350680 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RJ776 UT WOS:A1995RJ77600008 ER PT J AU HARVEY, GR AF HARVEY, GR TI PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON OXIDATION-PRODUCTS IN THE MARINE ATMOSPHERE SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID SEAWATER RP NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 6 BP 425 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00041-K PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RF780 UT WOS:A1995RF78000018 ER PT J AU HANDWERKER, CA FOECKE, TJ WALLACE, JS KATTNER, UR JIGGETS, RD AF HANDWERKER, CA FOECKE, TJ WALLACE, JS KATTNER, UR JIGGETS, RD TI FORMATION OF ALUMINA-CHROMIA-CHROMIUM COMPOSITES BY A PARTIAL REDUCTION REACTION SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on In-Situ Processing of Composites CY JUN 07-09, 1994 CL WOODS HOLE, MA DE ALUMINUM; CHROMIUM; OXYGEN; COMPOSITES; PARTIAL REDUCTION ID OXIDE SOLID-SOLUTIONS; DIFFUSION; STRESS; MODEL AB Metal-ceramic matrix composites were formed by the partial reduction of Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solutions to form Cr metal particles in an Al2O3-Cr2O3 matrix which had a lower Cr2O3 concentration. In Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solutions containing 10 and 25 wt.% Cr2O3, the microstructures produced by reduction are different from that expected from simple models of internal reduction or oxide scale formation. Grain boundary diffusion of individual grains. Small Cr particles were then observed to coarsen along some, but not all, grain boundaries by concomitant process known as 'discontinuous coarsening'. The mechanisms controlling microstructural evolution in this system were examined. RP HANDWERKER, CA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 195 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(94)06508-X PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA RE426 UT WOS:A1995RE42600010 ER PT J AU ZHENG, Y XU, Q STENSRUD, DJ AF ZHENG, Y XU, Q STENSRUD, DJ TI A NUMERICAL-SIMULATION OF THE 7 MAY 1985 MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; 1977 JOHNSTOWN FLOOD; BETA-SCALE STRUCTURE; INTENSE SQUALL LINE; MID-LATITUDE; PRE-STORM; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION AB On 7 May 1985 a mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed within a moderately forced large-scale environment for upward motion and moved into the observing network of the Oklahoma-Kansas Preliminary Regional Experiment for STORM (PRE-STORM). The initial region of convective development occurred outside the PRE-STORM network in a data-sparse area. Simulations using The Pennsylvania State University National Center for Atmospheric Research(PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model are produced using initial conditions from two different initialization techniques, static initialization and improved dynamic initialization, to evaluate the ability of the mesoscale model to reproduce the complex evolution and structure of this MCS. The results indicate that, even when including the special PRE-STORM data in the model initialization process, the numerical simulation that uses the initial condition from the static initialization fails to simulate the observed evolution of the 7 May 1985 MCS. This is attributed to both the relatively weak large-scale forcing for upward motion and the lack of adequate mesoscale observations of the low-level moisture distribution and wind field in the Texas panhandle and western Oklahoma. In contrast, the initial condition from the dynamic initialization approach that uses the results of a continuous four-dimensional data-assimilation technique (nudging) as a first guess for a static initialization (both of which include the special PRE-STORM data) produces a successful simulation of the MCS. This simulation captures remarkably well many of the observed and analyzed mesoscale features determined from the high-resolution PRE-STORM observing network data. Threat scores for precipitation amounts and root-mean-square errors of sea level pressure are calculated to provide an objective measure of the quality of the simulations. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA, CIMMS, NORMAN, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, ERL, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK USA. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1781 EP 1799 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1781:ANSOTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ935 UT WOS:A1995QZ93500010 ER PT J AU JI, M SMITH, TM AF JI, M SMITH, TM TI OCEAN MODEL RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE DATA ASSIMILATION AND VARYING SURFACE WIND STRESS - INTERCOMPARISONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE FORECAST SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY AB Two 11-yr Pacific Ocean simulations using an ocean general circulation model are compared with corresponding ocean analyses and with in situ observations from moorings and island tide gauges. The ocean simulations were forced by combining the climatological wind stress of Hellerman and Rosenstein with wind stress anomalies obtained from (a)The Florida State University surface wind analysis and (b) a two-member ensemble from an atmospheric model simulation. The ocean analyses were obtained by assimilating observed surface and subsurface temperatures into an ocean GCM, forced with the same wind stress anomaly fields used in the simulations. The difference in thermocline depth between simulation and analysis using the same wind stress forcing is large in the off-equatorial regions near the North Equatorial Counter Current trough and in the South Pacific, suggesting that the mean climatological stress fields may be in error. The simulation results using the atmospheric GCM stress anomalies failed to show anomalous interannual sea level responses in the eastern equatorial Pacific, indicating that there are significant errors in the AGCM stress anomalies due to errors in the atmospheric model. The analyses show significant improvement over the comparable simulations when compared with the tide gauge data, indicating that assimilation of subsurface oceanic thermal data can compensate for stress-forcing errors and model errors on interannual timescales. However, the more accurate stress-forcing field leads to a better ocean analysis, indicating that the present density of temperature data is not sufficient to determine the ocean state. RP JI, M (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,COUPLED MODEL PROJECT,5200 AUTH RD,RM 807,CAMP SRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1811 EP 1821 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1811:OMRTTD>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ935 UT WOS:A1995QZ93500012 ER PT J AU BARNEA, G DICK, CE GINZBURG, A NAVON, E SELTZER, SM AF BARNEA, G DICK, CE GINZBURG, A NAVON, E SELTZER, SM TI A STUDY OF MULTIPLE-SCATTERING BACKGROUND IN COMPTON SCATTER IMAGING SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE COMPTON SCATTER IMAGING; MULTIPLE SCATTER; MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ID PHOTON SCATTERING; BONE DENSITY; SYSTEM AB The multiple scattering background in Compton scatter imaging at 662 keV is studied, both experimentally and by Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations, as a function of the scattering angle, scattering material (aluminium, brass and tin) and object thickness. A double-peak structure was observed in the pulse-height distribution for the thicker brass and tin objects and at the larger scattering angles (90 degrees and 120 degrees). In addition to the Compton peak, a second peak appeared at a higher energy. Monte Carlo transport simulations have revealed the origin of the second peak: photons that have scattered exactly twice before reaching the detector. The ratio of the multiple-scattered radiation to the total radiation detected was calculated as a function of the energy-window width around the Compton peak and scattering angle. The results of this study may help in the design of future Compton scatter imaging apparatus. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BARNEA, G (reprint author), RAFAEL,POB 2250,IL-31021 HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0963-8695 J9 NDT&E INT JI NDT E Int. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0963-8695(95)00002-F PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA RJ570 UT WOS:A1995RJ57000004 ER PT J AU SROUBEK, Z FINE, J AF SROUBEK, Z FINE, J TI ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF COLLISION CASCADES IN SEMICONDUCTORS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-10) CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL GRAND TARGHEE RESORT, WY ID STATES; LIF AB Electron density of states and electron elastic mean free path in collision cascades in silicon bombarded by 600 eV atomic particles have been calculated using the pseudopotential technique and the large unit cell method. The results clearly show a metalization of the semiconductor and the formation of deep localized states within the collision cascade. The knowledge of the electronic structure of bombarded Si allows to estimate the electronic diffusion constant (D = 5 cm(2)/s) and the spatial and temporal evolutions of the excitation in the cascade. A possible contribution of these excitations to the ionization of sputtered atoms from semiconductors is deduced from the transport analysis and the results are compared with new experiments on GaAs bombarded with Xe and He particles. C1 NIST, DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SROUBEK, Z (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL, INST RADIO ENGN & ELECTR, CHABERSKA 57, CR-18251 PRAGUE 8, CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(94)00820-5 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA RF423 UT WOS:A1995RF42300010 ER PT J AU WEISS, AW KIM, YK AF WEISS, AW KIM, YK TI RELATIVISTIC MODIFICATIONS OF CHARGE EXPANSION THEORY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 4487 EP 4493 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.4487 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RC541 UT WOS:A1995RC54100026 ER PT J AU RUPRECHT, PA HOLLAND, MJ BURNETT, K EDWARDS, M AF RUPRECHT, PA HOLLAND, MJ BURNETT, K EDWARDS, M TI TIME-DEPENDENT SOLUTION OF THE NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION FOR BOSE-CONDENSED TRAPPED NEUTRAL ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CESIUM; GAS C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUPRECHT, PA (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,CLARENDON LAB,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. NR 25 TC 481 Z9 494 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 4704 EP 4711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.4704 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RC541 UT WOS:A1995RC54100051 ER PT J AU YOU, L LEWENSTEIN, M COOPER, J AF YOU, L LEWENSTEIN, M COOPER, J TI QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY OF ATOMS INTERACTING WITH PHOTONS .2. SCATTERING OF SHORT LASER-PULSES FROM TRAPPED BOSONIC ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; 2-LEVEL SYSTEM DRIVEN; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; SMOOTH PULSE; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA C1 UNIV COLORADO,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZ TEORETYCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP YOU, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 4712 EP 4727 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.4712 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RC541 UT WOS:A1995RC54100052 ER PT J AU BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS AF BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS TI ULTRACOLD-MOLECULE PRODUCTION BY LASER-COOLED ATOM PHOTOASSOCIATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOTION C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT PHYS,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BAND, YB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 16 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP R4317 EP R4320 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RC541 UT WOS:A1995RC54100004 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, JM BROWN, B TATE, J XI, XX MAO, SN AF ROBERTS, JM BROWN, B TATE, J XI, XX MAO, SN TI SCALING OF THIN-FILM ND1.85CE0.15CUO4-Y RESISTIVITY-CURRENT ISOTHERMS AT LOW FIELDS - IMPLICATIONS FOR VORTEX PHASE-TRANSITIONS AND UNIVERSALITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLUCTUATIONS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7; DISORDER; DYNAMICS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP ROBERTS, JM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Tate, Janet/B-9544-2012 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 21 BP 15281 EP 15285 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.15281 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RC329 UT WOS:A1995RC32900050 ER PT J AU CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LIU, JZ JIA, YX GOODWIN, TJ SHELTON, RN LEE, BW BUCHGEISTER, M MAPLE, MB PENG, JL AF CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LIU, JZ JIA, YX GOODWIN, TJ SHELTON, RN LEE, BW BUCHGEISTER, M MAPLE, MB PENG, JL TI EFFECTS OF OXYGEN ON THE MAGNETIC ORDER OF THE RARE-EARTH IONS IN RBA(2)CU(3)O(6+X) (R=DY, ER, ND) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR ERBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; DYBA2CU3O7; DY; X-CONGRUENT-TO-7.0; YBA2CU3OX; MOMENTS; PHASES C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,INST PURE & APPL PHYS SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP CLINTON, TW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 21 BP 15429 EP 15447 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.15429 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RC329 UT WOS:A1995RC32900070 ER PT J AU RADOVANOV, SB VANBRUNT, RJ OLTHOFF, JK JELENKOVIC, BM AF RADOVANOV, SB VANBRUNT, RJ OLTHOFF, JK JELENKOVIC, BM TI ION KINETICS AND SYMMETRICAL CHARGE-TRANSFER COLLISIONS IN LOW-CURRENT, DIFFUSE (TOWNSEND) DISCHARGES IN ARGON AND NITROGEN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DRIFT TUBE; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL REACTIONS; GLOW-DISCHARGES; CROSS-SECTIONS; PARENT GASES C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP RADOVANOV, SB (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 6036 EP 6046 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.6036 PN B PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA RE080 UT WOS:A1995RE08000007 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B MANG, J KUMAR, S AF HAMMOUDA, B MANG, J KUMAR, S TI SHEAR-INDUCED ORIENTATIONAL EFFECTS IN DISCOTIC-LIQUID-CRYSTAL MICELLES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Note ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACTANT; FLOW C1 KENT STATE UNIV,INST LIQUID CRYSTAL,DEPT PHYS,KENT,OH 44242. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NIST,ROOM E151,BLDG 235,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 6 BP 6282 EP 6285 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.6282 PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA RE080 UT WOS:A1995RE08000040 ER PT J AU WU, WL ORTS, WJ MAJKRZAK, CJ HUNSTON, DL AF WU, WL ORTS, WJ MAJKRZAK, CJ HUNSTON, DL TI WATER-ADSORPTION AT A POLYIMIDE/SILICON WAFER INTERFACE SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY PROFILE AB Neutron reflectivity (NR) was applied to measure the concentration of water at the buried interfaces between an amorphous polyimide and silicon single crystal wafers. Excess water was discovered within 30 Angstrom of the metal/polymer interface, where the water concentration reached 17% (by volume) for the samples without a coupling agent and 12% for the ones with coupling agent. Beyond the interface, the water concentration was measured at 2 to 3%, which is typical of bulk polyimide. The above results demonstrate conclusively the unique power of NR in determining water concentration near a buried interface, and provide the first quantitative evidence for a water concentration profile which peaks in the interface region. C1 NIST,INST MAT SCI & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WU, WL (reprint author), NIST,INST MAT SCI & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1000 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/pen.760351206 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA RG474 UT WOS:A1995RG47400005 ER PT J AU BUKOWSKI, RW AF BUKOWSKI, RW TI FIRE-CODES FOR GLOBAL PRACTICE SO PROGRESSIVE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article RP BUKOWSKI, RW (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON PUBL INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114 SN 0033-0752 J9 PROG ARCHIT JI Progress. Archit. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 76 IS 6 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA RZ027 UT WOS:A1995RZ02700023 ER PT J AU PAULTER, NG AF PAULTER, NG TI AN ELECTRO-OPTIC-BASED RMS VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RF-DC DIFFERENCES; FREQUENCY-RANGE; STANDARDS RP PAULTER, NG (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 66 IS 6 BP 3683 EP 3690 DI 10.1063/1.1145421 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RD219 UT WOS:A1995RD21900047 ER PT J AU FINE, J NAVINSEK, B AF FINE, J NAVINSEK, B TI NIST OXIDE-MARKER-LAYER STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL (SRM-2136) FOR DEPTH PROFILE ANALYSIS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Note AB A chromium thin-film structure containing thin oxide layers was developed specifically for secondary ion mass spectrometry calibration of sputtered depths and erasion rates. Information on its structure and characterization is summarized. It is available from NIST as Standard Reference Material 2136. C1 JOZEF STEFAN INST,LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. RP FINE, J (reprint author), NIST,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 6 BP 391 EP 392 DI 10.1002/sia.740230609 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RF023 UT WOS:A1995RF02300008 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BENTHIC FAUNA; MACROALGAE; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE C1 US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NOAA, SEATTLE, WA USA. PTI ENVIRONM SERV, BELLEVUE, WA USA. RP CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, DEPT BIOL, LONG BEACH, CA 90840 USA. NR 154 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 718 EP 731 DI 10.2175/106143095X135958 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RH543 UT WOS:A1995RH54300036 ER PT J AU CHEN, YM IVES, LK DALLY, JW AF CHEN, YM IVES, LK DALLY, JW TI NUMERICAL-SIMULATION OF SLIDING CONTACT OVER A HALF-PLANE SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION; EPIC II; FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; SLIDING WEAR ID DEFORMATION; FRICTION; IMPACT; WEAR AB Sliding contact of a cylindrical steel pin on an oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper flat was numerically simulated and the results were compared with experimental measurements. The numerical simulations were performed using EPIC II, an elastic-plastic, 2D finite element code which uses a Lagrangian formulation and triangular mesh. This code can accommodate very large deformations, large strains and high strain rates without the need to remesh during the computational process. The simulation results showed that extremely large strains (epsilon(c) = 3-6) occurred in the contact area, however, these large strains were local, being limited to small regions adjacent to the slider. Very large deformations were evident on the contact surface where extrusions developed. The profile predicted in the simulation agreed well with the experimental results, although the numerical analysis did not model the effects of the wear debris that was generated. It was demonstrated that the EPIC code is able to simulate the severe conditions, namely large deformations,large strains and high strain rates, which are involved in sliding contact. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT MECH ENGN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN PY 1995 VL 185 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06595-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA RF195 UT WOS:A1995RF19500010 ER PT J AU MCNULTY, RP AF MCNULTY, RP TI SEVERE AND CONVECTIVE WEATHER - A CENTRAL REGION FORECASTING CHALLENGE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MICROBURST ACTIVITY; FRONTAL SURFACES; POSITIVE CAPE; CLIMATOLOGY; STORMS; THUNDERSTORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; VORTICITY; EVENTS AB This paper is one of a series of papers dealing with operational weather forecasting within the Central Region of the National Weather Service. It focuses on the primary Central Region warm season weather producer, the thunderstorm. Some of the unique aspects of Central Region thunderstorms are highlighted. Techniques used to answer four questions routinely posed by forecasters are described. These questions are the following: 1) Will thunderstorms occur that will affect my area of forecast responsibility? 2) If thunderstorms develop, will these thunderstorms reach, severe intensity? 3) If these thunderstorms reach severe intensity, what types of severe phenomena are likely with these storms? and 4) If thunderstorms occur, what storm type is most likely to be observed? A case from 14 May 1990 is used to illustrate the application of some of the techniques. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,TOPEKA,KS. NR 68 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0187:SACWAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400002 ER PT J AU PRZYBYLINSKI, RW AF PRZYBYLINSKI, RW TI THE BOW ECHO - OBSERVATIONS, NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS, AND SEVERE WEATHER DETECTION METHODS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; REAR-INFLOW; CLASSIFICATION; DOWNBURSTS; EVOLUTION; TORNADOES; DYNAMICS AB Bowing convective line segments (bow echoes) are often associated with swaths of damaging downburst winds and are sometimes accompanied by tornadoes that may reach violent (F4) intensity. Bow echoes range in length from less than 20 km to more than 100 km, the latter forming a broad bowing line segment. In this manuscript, both past and recent observations of bow echo convective systems will be reviewed. The meteorological environments of long-lived derecho-producing convective systems will also be presented. This will be followed by recent conceptual models and numerical simulations of bowing convective systems. Finally, the evolution of two large-scale bow echo convective systems, which produced extensive wind damage and weak tornadoes, will be described. With the ongoing installation of a comprehensive network of Doppler radars, the National Weather Service forecaster will be required to know more about conceptual storm structure models of severe convective storms. It is hoped that this literature review will result in a greater understanding of such convective systems that are often known producers of significant severe weather events. RP PRZYBYLINSKI, RW (reprint author), NWSFO,NOAA,12 RES PK DR,ST CHARLES,MO 63303, USA. NR 37 TC 102 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0203:TBEONS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400003 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, EC AF JOHNSTON, EC TI UPDATED SATELLITE TECHNIQUE TO FORECAST HEAVY SNOW SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CYCLONES AB Certain satellite interpretation techniques have proven quite useful in the heavy snow forecast process. Those considered best are briefly reviewed, and another technique is introduced. This new technique was found to be most valuable in cyclonic ''shear zone'' snow events, which are quite common east of the Rockies. This technique aids in advanced positioning of the shear zone and the associated heavy snow band even before other surface or satellite signatures appear. Case studies over a 10-yr period were used to refine this technique, which is used in the operational forecast process at the Weather Service Forecast Office in Milwaukee/Sullivan, Wisconsin. This method provides clues evident both before the events, to help increase lead time, and during the events, to help locate developing heavy snow areas. This project and the summarized techniques further emphasize the importance of satellite imagery as a key tool in the heavy snow forecast process. RP JOHNSTON, EC (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,N3533 HARDSCRABBLE RD,DOUSMAN,WI 53118, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0219:USTTFH>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400004 ER PT J AU KAPELA, AF LEFTWICH, PW VANESS, R AF KAPELA, AF LEFTWICH, PW VANESS, R TI FORECASTING THE IMPACTS OF STRONG WINTERTIME POST-COLD FRONT WINDS IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Strong post-cold front wind events in the northern plains of the United States are difficult problem for operational forecasters. The various atmospheric ingredients that lead to these events are examined from an operational point of view. Indications that are evident in analyses and prognoses are identified and placed in an operational checklist. From the checklist, a numerical rating of the potential strength of a developing situation is derived. This rating can assist the forecaster in deciding what type of watch or warning to issue. Application of the checklist to the strong post-cold front wind event of 10 January 1990 is demonstrated. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,CENT REG SCI SERV DIV,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106. NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,SULLIVAN,WI. NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,BISMARCK,ND. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0229:FTIOSW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400005 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, JL BROWN, JM TOLLERUD, EI AF MAHONEY, JL BROWN, JM TOLLERUD, EI TI CONTRASTING METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTER STORMS AT DENVER AND COLORADO-SPRINGS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE; CYCLOGENESIS; DIAGNOSIS; MESOSCALE; LEE AB Case studies of heavy snowstorms at Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado, indicate that they occur under different meteorological conditions. The authors examine the hypothesis that there are in fact fundamental differences between the synoptic evolution of events in these two storm types by compositing a total of 28 cases, 17 (11) of which are defined as heavy snowstorms (at least 20 cm of snowfall) at Denver (Colorado Springs). These composited fields were constructed using data at three times in the history of-each case. Results show distinct differences in the composited synoptic evolution of the two groups. At low levels the Denver composite shows low static stabilities, warm advection, and high values of potential temperature in the lee of the Rockies. The Colorado Springs composite, on the other hand, shows cold, stable air and cold advection in the lee. At upper levels an eastward-progressing short-wave trough is found at different longitudes in the two composites. The implied interaction between lower and upper levels of the two composites is also very different. For the Denver composite, the trajectory of the upper-level trough brings it close to the area of low static stability and high surface potential temperature at low levels. This implies strong interaction between the upper-level system and the warm unstable air at low levels and dramatic cyclogenesis east of the Rocky Mountains, typically in southeast Colorado. In contrast, the upper short-wave trough in the Colorado Springs composite is farther north, and a layer of cool stable air is found on the High Plains of Colorado. Not surprisingly, surface cyclogenesis is notably weaker in this composite. These conclusions, substantiated by inspection of the individual cases, have obvious implications for predicting the location of heavy snow along the Front Range of Colorado. RP MAHONEY, JL (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,FSL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 245 EP 260 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400006 ER PT J AU SNOOK, JS PIELKE, RA AF SNOOK, JS PIELKE, RA TI DIAGNOSING A COLORADO HEAVY SNOW EVENT WITH A NONHYDROSTATIC MESOSCALE NUMERICAL-MODEL STRUCTURED FOR OPERATIONAL USE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; REAL-TIME; COLD-FRONT; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE AB State-of-the-art data sources, such as Doppler radar, automated surface observations, wind profiler, digital satellite, and aircraft reports, are for the first time providing the capability to generate real-time, operational three-dimensional gridded datasets with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to diagnose the structure and evolution of mesoscale systems. A prototype data assimilation system of this type, called the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS), is being developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Forecast Systems Laboratory. The investigation uses the three-dimensional LAPS analyses for initialization of the nonhydrostatic Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model developed at Colorado State University to create a system capable of generating operational mesoscale predictions. The LAPS/RAMS system structured for operational use can add significant value to existing operational model output and provide an improved scientific understanding of mesoscale weather events. The results are presented through a case study analysis, the 7 January 1992 northeast Colorado blizzard. The case is ideal for this investigation because of the significant mesoscale variation observed in the precipitation and flow structure. The case study results demonstrate the ability to successfully detect and predict mesoscale features using a mesoscale numerical model initialized with high-resolution (10-km horizontal grid interval), nonhomogeneous data. A conceptual model of the snowstorm is developed by using the RAMS model output in combination with observations and other larger domain model simulations. The LAPS/RAMS system demonstrates the ability to operationally forecast and display mesoscale systems in the local weather office. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP SNOOK, JS (reprint author), NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 261 EP 285 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0261:DACHSE>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400007 ER PT J AU ALBERS, SC AF ALBERS, SC TI THE LAPS WIND ANALYSIS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) wind analysis combines Doppler radar, profiler, aircraft, and surface wind observations into a three-dimensional gridded wind held. Other fields derived primarily from the wind analysis include radar echo steering wind, helicity, and lifted index times vertical velocity (an indicator of convective potential). This report describes LAPS wind analysis procedures. The goal is to combine various data sources to take advantage of the strengths of each source, thereby automating the data synthesis that a human forecaster performs. The utility of these analyses to the operational forecaster is an important part of designing the analysis procedure and output displays. Comparisons of LAPS wind fields with independent aircraft measurements obtained during the Winter Icing and Storms Project experiment indicate agreement generally within 4 m s(-1) (rms). C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COOPERAT INST RES ATMOSPHERE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP ALBERS, SC (reprint author), NOAA,FSL,R-E-FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015 NR 16 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0342:TLWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400011 ER PT J AU BREIDENBACH, JP KITZMILLER, DH MCGOVERN, WE SAFFLE, RE AF BREIDENBACH, JP KITZMILLER, DH MCGOVERN, WE SAFFLE, RE TI THE USE OF VOLUMETRIC RADAR REFLECTIVITY PREDICTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A 2ND-GENERATION SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL ALGORITHM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MICROBURST AB The operational WSR-88D Severe Weather Potential (SWP) algorithm is an automated nowcasting procedure aimed at providing guidance in the detection of severe local storms. It yields a numerical index proportional to the probability that an individual storm cell is producing, or will shortly produce, large hail, damaging surface winds, or tornadoes. Currently, the SWP algorithm consists of a statistically derived function of the cell's maximum vertically integrated liquid and horizontal areal extent. In an attempt to refine the algorithm, a wide variety of new statistical predictors of severe weather have been derived from volumetric reflectivity observations. Experimental second-generation SWP equations incorporating these new predictors were evaluated and their skill was compared to that of the operational SWP algorithm. Those predictors that parameterize the magnitude of the reflectivity in the middle and upper portions of convective storms were found to have the most diagnostic information with respect to severe weather. Some of these predictors rely only on reflectivity above 15 000 ft (4572 m) and thus could be applied to storms beyond the current algorithm's range of 230 km. The skill of the second-generation equations within 230 km was found to be comparable to that of the current algorithm. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. RP BREIDENBACH, JP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,W-OH3-JPB RM 8370,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0369:TUOVRR>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400013 ER PT J AU HESS, JC ELSNER, JB LASEUR, NE AF HESS, JC ELSNER, JB LASEUR, NE TI IMPROVING SEASONAL HURRICANE PREDICTIONS FOR THE ATLANTIC BASIN SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB This paper demonstrates that improved forecasts of the annual number of hurricanes in the Atlantic tropical basin are possible by separating tropical-only hurricanes from hurricanes influenced by extratropical factors. It is revealed that variables previously shown to have a predictive relationship with the annual number of Atlantic hurricanes have a significantly stronger predictive association with the number of hurricanes formed solely from tropical mechanisms. This stronger relationship exists for extended-range (6-month lead) as well as for short-range (0-month lead) forecast models. Any future study of seasonal hurricane activity over this region should consider tropical-only hurricanes as separate from hurricanes influenced by baroclinic disturbances. The annual number of hurricanes that form or intensify as a result of interactions with baroclinic disturbances appears unrelated to significant tropical or midlatitude atmospheric anomalies and thus should be considered the random component of seasonal hurricane activity, at least until further insights are gained. Indeed, when prediction algorithms are developed to forecast the annual number of Atlantic hurricanes, best hindcast skill results from models that assume a simple average for baroclinically influenced storms. These regression-based forecast models are only marginally better than climatology. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. NWS,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0425:ISHPFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400017 ER PT J AU WEAVER, JF PURDOM, JFW AF WEAVER, JF PURDOM, JFW TI AN INTERESTING MESOSCALE STORM-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OBSERVED JUST PRIOR TO CHANGES IN SEVERE STORM BEHAVIOR SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note ID THUNDERSTORMS AB Satellite images are presented to illustrate an interesting interaction that occurred between a severe thunderstorm and a mesoscale feature that originated in its nearby environment. Immediately following that interaction, a series of tornadoes began, starting with a long-lived F5 tornado that produced major damage in Hesston, Kansas. Some speculation is presented regarding the physical processes that may have contributed to the observed changes in thunderstorm behavior. RP WEAVER, JF (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,REG & MESOSCALE METEOROL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0449:AIMSEI>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC824 UT WOS:A1995RC82400020 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, JL MURNANE, R LEQUERE, C AF SARMIENTO, JL MURNANE, R LEQUERE, C TI AIR-SEA CO2 TRANSFER AND THE CARBON BUDGET OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WORLD OCEAN MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; DIOXIDE; DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIOCARBON; LATITUDE; DYNAMICS AB A model simulation of the global carbon cycle demonstrates that the biological and solubility pumps are of comparable importance in determining the spatial distribution of annual mean air-sea fluxes in the Atlantic. The model also confirms that the impact of the (steady state) biological pump on the magnitude and spatial distribution of anthropogenic CO2 uptake is minimal. An Atlantic Ocean carbon budget developed from analysis of the model combined with observations suggests that the air-sea flux of carbon is inadequate to supply the postulated large dissolved inorganic carbon export from the Atlantic. Other sources of carbon are required, such as an input from the Pacific via the Bering Strait and Arctic, river inflow, or an import of dissolved organic carbon. RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RI Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 43 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 1995 VL 348 IS 1324 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1098/rstb.1995.0063 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RC875 UT WOS:A1995RC87500018 ER PT J AU KEELING, RF PENG, TH AF KEELING, RF PENG, TH TI TRANSPORT OF HEAT, CO2 AND O-2 BY THE ATLANTICS THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; OCEAN CIRCULATION; BERING STRAIT; DIOXIDE; WATERS; BUDGET; FLUX AB We estimate transport of heat, CO2 and O-2 by the Atlantic's thermohaline circulation using an approach based on differences in the chemical and physical characteristics of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and the northward return flow across the equator. The characteristics of the return-flow waters are constrained by imposing conservation of phosphate in the North Atlantic as a whole. Based on a total equatorial return flow of 13 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1), we find that the Atlantic north of the equator is a source of 7.7 +/- 1.4 x 10(14) W to the atmosphere, a sink of 0.51 +/- 0.21 x 10(14) mol of O-2, and preindustrially was a sink of 0.33 +/- 0.15 x 10(14) mol of CO2. Uptake of O-2 and CO2 by the North Atlantic is driven mainly by thermal, as opposed to biological processes. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,OCD,DIV OCEAN CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP KEELING, RF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 1995 VL 348 IS 1324 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1098/rstb.1995.0055 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RC875 UT WOS:A1995RC87500004 ER PT J AU KEELING, R WILLIAMS, RG AF KEELING, R WILLIAMS, RG TI AIR-SEA CO2 TRANSFER AND THE CARBON BUDGET OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC - DISCUSSION SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL,OCEANOG LAB,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP KEELING, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 1995 VL 348 IS 1324 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RC875 UT WOS:A1995RC87500019 ER PT J AU STRAUBE, E URBAN, V PYCKHOUTHINTZEN, W RICHTER, D GLINKA, CJ AF STRAUBE, E URBAN, V PYCKHOUTHINTZEN, W RICHTER, D GLINKA, CJ TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING INVESTIGATION OF TOPOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS AND TUBE DEFORMATION IN NETWORKS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NETWORKS; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; RUBBER ELASTICITY; MELTS; DEPENDENCE; RELAXATION; STRENGTH C1 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP UNIV HALLE WITTENBERG, FACHBEREICH PHYS, D-06099 HALLE, GERMANY. RI Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 18 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 22 BP 4464 EP 4467 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4464 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QZ970 UT WOS:A1995QZ97000027 ER PT J AU BUTLER, BD HANLEY, HJM HANSEN, D EVANS, DJ AF BUTLER, BD HANLEY, HJM HANSEN, D EVANS, DJ TI DYNAMIC SCALING IN AN AGGREGATING 2D LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; SILICA C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH CHEM,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. RP BUTLER, BD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Hansen, David/B-7533-2011 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 22 BP 4468 EP 4471 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4468 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QZ970 UT WOS:A1995QZ97000028 ER PT J AU SCHWEIGERT, VA ALEXANDROV, AL MOROKOV, YN BEDANOV, VM AF SCHWEIGERT, VA ALEXANDROV, AL MOROKOV, YN BEDANOV, VM TI MINDO/3 STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF SMALL CARBON CLUSTERS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FULLERENES; KINETICS; RINGS; C-60 AB Interaction of small carbon clusters is studied using the MINDO/3 method. Energetic barriers for coagulation and isomerization are estimated. It is shown that coagulation of two linear chains leads to formation of a chain with possible closure to a monocyclic ring, while a linear chain and a ring results in a monocyclic ring. The barriers for these processes are less than 0.5 eV for coagulation and 2 eV for isomerization. Coagulation of two rings leads to a bicyclic cluster with a barrier of 0.2-0.7 eV. Binding of two even rings is relatively weak (1.5-2.0 eV), Odd and even rings may form a non-planar bicyclic cluster with an energy gain of 3.0-4.0 eV. Most stable structures result from two odd rings with binding energies of approximate to 5 eV. C1 NOVOSIBIRSK COMPUTAT TECHNOL INST,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SCHWEIGERT, VA (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET & APPL MECH,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 1995 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00377-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RA459 UT WOS:A1995RA45900019 ER PT J AU BROWNELL, RL AF BROWNELL, RL TI WHALING ERROR SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP BROWNELL, RL (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 25 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6529 BP 272 EP 272 DI 10.1038/375272b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RA030 UT WOS:A1995RA03000016 ER PT J AU KAISER, DL VAUDIN, MD ROTTER, LD WANG, ZL CLINE, JP HWANG, CS MARINENKO, RB GILLEN, JG AF KAISER, DL VAUDIN, MD ROTTER, LD WANG, ZL CLINE, JP HWANG, CS MARINENKO, RB GILLEN, JG TI EPITAXIAL-GROWTH OF BATIO3 THIN-FILMS AT 600-DEGREES-C BY METALORGANIC CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER ABLATION; MGO C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KAISER, DL (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Hwang, Cheol Seong/C-8568-2009 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 21 BP 2801 EP 2803 DI 10.1063/1.113480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QZ266 UT WOS:A1995QZ26600012 ER PT J AU HACKLEY, VA PREMACHANDRAN, RS MALGHAN, SG SCHILLER, SB AF HACKLEY, VA PREMACHANDRAN, RS MALGHAN, SG SCHILLER, SB TI A STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE MOBILITY BY ELECTROPHORETIC LIGHT-SCATTERING SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROPHORETIC LIGHT SCATTERING; GOETHITE; PHOSPHATE; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL ID PHOSPHATE; GOETHITE AB A standard reference material (SRM) was developed for the calibration and evaluation of light scattering equipment used to measure electrophoretic mobility. SRM 1980 is a positive mobility standard containing 500 mg dm(-3) microcrystalline goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and 100 mu mol g(-1) phosphate in 0.05 mol dm(-3) sodium perchlorate electrolyte solution at pH 2.5. The suspension is diluted prior to use. A certified mobility value (2.53 +/- 0.12 mu m cm V-1 s(-1)) was determined from a statistical analysis of round robin data from five laboratories according to NIST guidelines. This paper documents the development, characterization and evaluation of this material. Also discussed are the various contributions to measurement uncertainty and inconsistency, and appropriate protocols for dealing with these problems. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HACKLEY, VA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 98 IS 3 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03085-R PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RF627 UT WOS:A1995RF62700003 ER PT J AU PETERSON, KI SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ AF PETERSON, KI SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ TI THE STRUCTURE AND INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF CO-CO-H2O DETERMINED BY MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; FORCE-FIELD; CO DIMER; WATER; COMPLEX; TRIMER C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT CHEM,KINGSTON,RI 02881. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 20 BP 7807 EP 7816 DI 10.1063/1.468981 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QZ026 UT WOS:A1995QZ02600005 ER PT J AU DIMARZIO, EA BRIBER, RM AF DIMARZIO, EA BRIBER, RM TI COLLAPSE OF A POLYMER IN A POLYMERIC SOLVENT SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TO-COIL TRANSITION; QUANTITATIVE THEORY; GLOBULE; MOLECULES; RADIUS; CHAIN AB A minimal model used previously to treat the collapse of a polymer of molecular weight n in monomeric solvents is extended to polymeric solvents of molecular weight x. This model reproduces the Flory results in the expanded polymer regime with the controlling variable (1/2x - chi) becoming zero at the Theta temperature. In the collapsed region the system shows a ''tricritical point'', with the polymer displaying a second-order transition at small molecular weight x which becomes first-order for x larger than a critical x(c). Surprisingly, for x and n large and equal, the dimensions approach the Theta temperature value, [R(2)](n) = C(n)nl(2), with only a weak dependence on the value of chi. Recent experiments do show only a weak dependence of [R(2)] On X. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP DIMARZIO, EA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 11 BP 4020 EP 4022 DI 10.1021/ma00115a039 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QZ934 UT WOS:A1995QZ93400039 ER PT J AU SHA, W SMIRL, AL TSENG, WF AF SHA, W SMIRL, AL TSENG, WF TI COHERENT PLASMA-OSCILLATIONS IN BULK SEMICONDUCTORS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT-ELECTRON TRANSFER; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAAS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SHA, W (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,PHOTON & QUANTUM ELECTR LAB,100 IATL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 21 BP 4273 EP 4276 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4273 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QZ236 UT WOS:A1995QZ23600044 ER PT J AU HERAS, AM SANAHUJA, B LARIO, D SMITH, ZK DETMAN, T DRYER, M AF HERAS, AM SANAHUJA, B LARIO, D SMITH, ZK DETMAN, T DRYER, M TI 3 LOW-ENERGY PARTICLE EVENTS - MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARENT INTERPLANETARY SHOCK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; MHD; SHOCK WAVES; SUN, PARTICLE EMISSION ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACCELERATION; SPACECRAFT; POPULATION; ANISOTROPY; EVOLUTION; GREATER; NUCLEON; 35-KEV; WAVES AB We have reproduced the 35-1600 keV fluxes and anisotropies of two large particle events associated with interplanetary shocks triggered by solar activity (a flare or a filament disappearance). These events, 1979 February 18 (E59 degrees) and 1981 December 8 (W45 degrees), together with the 1979 April 24 event (E10 degrees) already modeled by Heras ct al. (1992), constitute a set that allows a comparative study of the influence, upstream of the shock, of the large-scale shock structure on the associated low-energy particle event. Using a compound model for shock and particle propagation in the interplanetary medium (up to 1 AU), we have derived the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles released into the interplanetary medium as a function of time, and the mean free path for their propagation along the interplanetary magnetic field. We stress the relevance of the initial time of connection between the shock and the spacecraft, which is associated with the heliolongitude of the solar source, to explain the observed flux and anisotropy profiles. We have quantified the variations of the efficiency of shock particle acceleration as the shock approaches the spacecraft, relating them to the magnetic field and plasma conditions at the shock region magnetically connected to the observer. We find that for the east and central meridian events this efficiency increases as the shock approaches the observer's position, while it decreases for the west event, trends which are also followed by the representative velocity and magnetic field jumps across the shocks. The absence of solar particles and the existence of a wide turbulent foreshock region also appear to be relevant factors to explain the derived values of the injection rates. C1 UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT ASTRON & METEOROL, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN. NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP HERAS, AM (reprint author), EUROPEAN SPACE TECHNOL CTR, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, DEPT SPACE SCI, POB 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS. RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012; Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 47 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 445 IS 1 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1086/175714 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QY129 UT WOS:A1995QY12900049 ER PT J AU HILS, D BENDER, PL AF HILS, D BENDER, PL TI GRADUAL APPROACH TO COALESCENCE FOR COMPACT STARS ORBITING MASSIVE BLACK-HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BLACK HOLE PHYSICS; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GRAVITATION; STARS, BINARIES, CLOSE; WAVES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER CORE; WHITE-DWARF; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; GALAXY MERGERS; EVOLUTION; COLLISION; BINARIES; M32 AB We consider roughly 10(6) to 10(7) solar mass black holes in galactic nuclei. As such objects grow by accretion, some fraction of the accreted mass is in the form of compact stars. If the approach to coalescence proceeds gradually, many orbital revolutions will occur, and substantial amounts of gravitational radiation will be emitted. We estimate the cosmological rate of such events, assuming massive black holes are quite common in galaxies. Despite large uncertainties about the conditions in galactic nuclei particularly during the early growth phase, the event rates are encouraging. The chances of such signals being observable with a laser gravitational radiation antenna in space appear to be good. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HILS, D (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 445 IS 1 BP L7 EP L10 DI 10.1086/187876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QY132 UT WOS:A1995QY13200002 ER PT J AU BODHAINE, BA AF BODHAINE, BA TI AEROSOL ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS AT BARROW, MAUNA-LOA AND THE SOUTH-POLE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BLACK CARBON; NEPHELOMETER MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE AEROSOL; ALASKA; TRANSMISSION; TRAJECTORIES; COEFFICIENT; CLIMATOLOGY; COMPONENT AB Aerosol absorption (sigma(sp)) has been measured continuously using aethalometers at Barrow, Alaska (1986 to present); Mauna Loa, Hawaii (1990 to present); and south pole, Antarctica (1987-1990). These three stations are part of a network of baseline monitoring stations operated by the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Condensation nucleus (CN) concentration and multiwavelength aerosol scattering (sigma(sp)) have also been measured continuously for many years at these stations. Aethalometer measurements are usually reported in terms of atmospheric black carbon aerosol (BC) concentration using the calibration suggested by the manufacturer. Here we deduce the in situ sigma(ap) (550 nm) from aethalometer measurements by assuming that the aerosol absorption on the aethalometer filter is enhanced by a factor of 1.9 over that in the atmosphere. This is consistent with using 19 m(2) g(-1) for the specific absorption of BC on the aethalometer filter and 10 m(2) g(-1) for the in situ specific absorption of BC in the atmosphere (the ratio of the two specific absorptions is 1.9). Although these values of specific absorption may vary significantly for different environments, the ratio might be expected to be relatively constant. The single-scattering albedo, defined by omega = sigma(sp)/(sigma(sp) + sigma(ap)), has been estimated from the simultaneous measurements of sigma(ap) and sigma(sp). Furthermore, assuming a 1/lambda dependence for sigma(ap), in the 450 to 700-nm wavelength region, multiwavelength sigma(sp) measurements allow the estimation of the wavelength dependence of omega. Each station shows a considerable annual cycle in sigma(ap), sigma(sp), and omega. The maximum in the Barrow annual cycle is caused primarily by the springtime Arctic haze phenomenon; the maximum in the Mauna Loa annual cycle is caused by the springtime Asian dust transport; and the maximum in the south pole annual cycle is caused by late winter transport from southern midlatitudes. It was found that annual mean values are sigma(ap) - 4.1 x 10(-7) m(-1) (approximate to 41 ng m(-3) BC) and omega = 0.96 for Barrow; sigma(ap) = 5.8 x 10(-8) m(-1) (approximate to 5.8 ng m(-3) BC) and omega = 0.97 for Manua Loa; and sigma(ap) = 6.5 x 10(-9) m(-1) (approximate to 0.65 ng m(-3) BC) and omega = 0.97 for south pole. It was also found that the wavelength dependence of omega may be important at Barrow and south pole, but not important at Mauna Loa. RP BODHAINE, BA (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, 325 BROADWAY, RECG1, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 58 TC 228 Z9 244 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 8967 EP 8975 DI 10.1029/95JD00513 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400009 ER PT J AU QUINN, PK MARSHALL, SF BATES, TS COVERT, DS KAPUSTIN, VN AF QUINN, PK MARSHALL, SF BATES, TS COVERT, DS KAPUSTIN, VN TI COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED AEROSOL PROPERTIES RELEVANT TO THE DIRECT RADIATIVE FORCING OF TROPOSPHERIC SULFATE AEROSOL ON CLIMATE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; URBAN AEROSOL; SULFUR AB The accuracy of the estimated radiative forcing of tropospheric sulfate aerosol depends on the quality and spatial coverage of the aerosol chemical, physical, and optical data that serve as input to global climate models, To augment the available data and to provide a comparison of measured and calculated optical properties, surface measurements were made of the aerosol light scattering and backscattering coefficients, the number size distribution from 0.02 to 9.6 mu m, and chemical mass size distributions during two Pacific Ocean field experiments. All measurements were made on an aerosol sample stream dried to 30% relative humidity and are reported as such. The first experiment took place during the Pacific Sulfur/Stratus Investigation at Cheeka Peak, Washington, in April and May of 1991 (PSI 91), The second occurred as part of the Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange cruise in February and March of 1992 (MAGE 92) which was conducted from 33 degrees N to 12 degrees S along 140 degrees W, The mass size distributions of nonseasalt sulfate and sodium varied widely both spatially and temporally, The shape of the number size distribution remained fairly constant throughout both experiments with an accumulation mode geometric number mean diameter of 0.19 +/- 0.03 mu m and a geometric mean standard deviation of 1.4 +/- 0.06. Measured light scattering and backscattering ranged from 3.7 to 19 x 10(-6) m(-1) and 0.64 to 2.8 x 10(-6) m respectively, resulting in an average backscattered fraction of 0.15 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.009. The light scattering and backscattering coefficients were calculated from a Mie model applied to the measured number size distributions, The mean of the calculated scattering values was 3% higher than the mean of the measured values with a 14% variance about the mean. This variance was within the uncertainty of the calculations indicating that the scattering characteristics of the aerosol were parameterized adequately by the model. The calculated backscattering values were about 40% lower than the measured values, however. The calculated light scattering apportioned to nonseasalt sulfate aerosol was 39 +/- 17% of the total calculated scatter. The scattering to mass ratio for sulfate aerosol averaged 5.0 m(2) g(-1) with a standard deviation of +/- 1.6 m(2) g(-1) and varied with variability in the number size distribution, Further measurements are needed that will allow for the formation of a global-scale database to reveal the extent of the variability in the aerosol chemical, physical, and optical properties relevant to climate forcing. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP QUINN, PK (reprint author), NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 36 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 8977 EP 8991 DI 10.1029/95JD00387 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400010 ER PT J AU LANGFORD, AO OLEARY, TJ PROFFITT, MH HITCHMAN, MH AF LANGFORD, AO OLEARY, TJ PROFFITT, MH HITCHMAN, MH TI TRANSPORT OF THE PINATUBO VOLCANIC AEROSOL TO A NORTHERN MIDLATITUDE SITE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; EL-CHICHON; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; VERTICAL PROFILES; TRACER TRANSPORT; MT-PINATUBO; LIDAR; ERUPTION; CLOUD AB A 2-year time series of high resolution lidar backscatter profiles at 0.532 mu m, taken NOAA Fritz Peak Observatory (39.9 degrees N, 105.3 degrees W) is analyzed to investigate the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June, 1991. Aerosol from the eruption first appeared as transient layers just above the tropopause in late summer and early fall of 1991. This was followed by a rapid increase in aerosol centered near 21 km, with an exponential risetime of similar to 22 days. The maximum in late December 1991 was followed by a slow decline, punctuated by seasonal increases below 18 km and with an exponential decay timescale of similar to 300 days near 20 km. Aerosol backscatter is converted to mass and a principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to explore the statistical properties of aerosol variability. More than 80% of the variability in aerosol mass is described by only three components, corresponding to variations in the layers 17-22 km (PC1, 44%), below 17 km (PC2, 27%), and above 22 km (PC3, 9%). Since most of the temporal variations occur independently in these three layers, this work provides further insight into the nature of stratospheric transport from the tropics to midlatitudes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP LANGFORD, AO (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R-E-AL6, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9007 EP 9016 DI 10.1029/95JD00384 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400012 ER PT J AU MARGITAN, JJ BARNES, RA BROTHERS, GB BUTLER, J BURRIS, J CONNOR, BJ FERRARE, RA KERR, JB KOMHYR, WD MCCORMICK, MP MCDERMID, IS MCELROY, CT MCGEE, TJ MILLER, AJ OWENS, M PARRISH, AD PARSONS, CL TORRES, AL TSOU, JJ WALSH, TD WHITEMAN, D AF MARGITAN, JJ BARNES, RA BROTHERS, GB BUTLER, J BURRIS, J CONNOR, BJ FERRARE, RA KERR, JB KOMHYR, WD MCCORMICK, MP MCDERMID, IS MCELROY, CT MCGEE, TJ MILLER, AJ OWENS, M PARRISH, AD PARSONS, CL TORRES, AL TSOU, JJ WALSH, TD WHITEMAN, D TI STRATOSPHERIC OZONE INTERCOMPARISON CAMPAIGN (STOIC) 1989 - OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program organized a Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) held in July-August 1989 at the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The primary instruments participating in this campaign were several that had been developed by NASA for the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change: the JPL ozone lidar at TMF, the Goddard Space Flight Center trailer-mounted ozone lidar which was moved to TMF for this comparison, and the Millitech/LaRC microwave radiometer, To assess the performance of these new instruments, a validation/intercomparison campaign was undertaken using established techniques: balloon ozonesondes launched by personnel from the Wallops Flight Facility and from NOAA Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (GMCC) (now Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory), a NOAA GMCC Dobson spectrophotometer, and a Brewer spectrometer from the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada, both being used for column as well as Umkehr profile retrievals. All of these instruments were located at TMF and measurements were made as close together in time as possible to minimize atmospheric variability as a factor in the comparisons, Daytime rocket measurements of ozone were made by Wallops Flight Facility personnel using ROCOZ-A instruments launched from San Nicholas Island. The entire campaign was conducted as a blind intercomparison, with the investigators not seeing each others data until all data had been submitted to a referee and archived at the end of the 2-week period (July 20 to August 2, 1989). Satellite data were also obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE EI) aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite and the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) aboard Nimbus 7. An examination of the data has found excellent agreement among the techniques, especially in the 20- to 40-km range. As expected, there was little atmospheric variability during the intercomparison, allowing for detailed statistical comparisons at a high level of precision. This overview paper will summarize the campaign and provide a ''road map'' to subsequent papers in this issue by the individual instrument teams which will present more detailed analysis of the data and conclusions. C1 CHEMAL INC, WALLOPS ISL, VA USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23681 USA. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. NOAA, CTR CLIMATE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT PHYS, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO, HAMPTON, VA 23666 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, TERR PHYS LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP MARGITAN, JJ (reprint author), CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RI McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9193 EP 9207 DI 10.1029/95JD00509 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400023 ER PT J AU KOMHYR, WD BARNES, RA BROTHERS, GB LATHROP, JA OPPERMAN, DP AF KOMHYR, WD BARNES, RA BROTHERS, GB LATHROP, JA OPPERMAN, DP TI ELECTROCHEMICAL CONCENTRATION CELL OZONESONDE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION DURING STOIC 1989 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DOBSON AB Electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes flown by NOAA and NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) personnel during the Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California, July 21 to August 1, 1989, exhibited highly similar ozone measurement precisions and accuracies even though considerably different methods were used by the two research groups in preparing the instruments for use and in calibrating the instruments, The Table Mountain data as well as data obtained in the past showed the precisions to range from about +/-3 to +/-12% in the troposphere, remain relatively constant at +/-3% in the stratosphere to 10 mbar, then decrease to about +/-10% at 4-mbar pressure attitude. Corresponding ozone measurement accuracies for individual ozonesonde soundings were estimated to be about +/-6% near the ground, decrease to -7 to 17% in the high troposphere where ozone concentrations are low, increase to about +/-5% in the low stratosphere and remain so to an altitude of about 10 mbar (similar to 32 km), then decrease to -14 to 6% at 4 mbar (similar to 38 km) where ozone concentrations are again low. Stratospheric ozone measurements were also made during STOIC with ground-based lidars and a microwave radiometer that will be used for ozone measurements in the future at sites of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change(NDSC). The ECC ozonesonde observations provided useful comparison data for evaluating the performance of the lidar and microwave instruments. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. CHEMAL INC, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. NR 29 TC 208 Z9 217 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9231 EP 9244 DI 10.1029/94JD02175 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400026 ER PT J AU KOMHYR, WD CONNOR, BJ MCDERMID, IS MCGEE, TJ PARRISH, AD MARGITAN, JJ AF KOMHYR, WD CONNOR, BJ MCDERMID, IS MCGEE, TJ PARRISH, AD MARGITAN, JJ TI COMPARISON OF STOIC 1989 GROUND-BASED LIDAR, MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER, AND DOBSON SPECTROPHOTOMETER UMKEHR OZONE PROFILES WITH OZONE PROFILES FROM BALLOON-BORNE ELECTROCHEMICAL CONCENTRATION CELL OZONESONDES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone using a Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) lidar, a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) lidar, a Millitech Corporation/NASA Langley Research Center (Millitech/LaRC) microwave spectrometer, and a NOAA Dobson ozone spectrophotometer were compared with in situ measurements made quasi-simultaneously with balloon-borne electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes during 10 days of the Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC). The campaign was conducted at Table Mountain Observatory, California, during the summer of 1989. ECC ozonesondes were flown by NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) personnel as well as by personnel from the NASA Wallops Island Flight Facility (WFF). Within the altitude range of 20-32 km, ozone measurement precisions were estimated to be +/-0.6 to +/-1.2% for the JPL lidar, +/-0.7% for the GSFC lidar, +/-4% for the microwave spectrometer, and +/-3% for the NOAA ECC ozonesonde instruments. These precisions decreased in the 32 to 38.6-km altitude range to +/-1.3, +/-1.5, and +/-3% to +/-10% for the JPL lidar, GSFC lidar, and the ECC sondes, respectively, but remained at +/-4% for the microwave instrument. Ozone measurement accuracies in the 20 to 32 km altitude range were estimated to be +/-1.2 to +/-2.4% for the JPL lidar, +/-1.4% for the GSFC lidar, +/-6% for the microwave radiometer, and +/-5% for the ECC ozonesondes. The accuracies decreased in the 32 to 38.6-km altitude range to +/-2.6, +/-3.0, +/-7, and 1 +/-4% to -4 +/- 10% for the JPL lidar, the GSFC lidar, the microwave spectrometer, and the ECC ozonesondes, respectively. While accuracy estimates for the ECC sondes were obtained by combining random and estimated bias errors, the accuracies for the lidar instruments were obtained by doubling the measurement precision figures, with the assumption that such doubling accounts for systematic errors. Within the altitude range of 20-36 km the mean ozone profiles produced by the JPL, GSFC, and the Millitech/LaRC groups did not differ from the mean ECC sonde ozone profile by more than about 2, 4, and 5%, respectively, Six morning Dobson instrument Umkehr observations yielded mean ozone amounts in layers 3 and 5-7 that agreed with comparison ECC ozonesonde data to within +/-4%. In layer 4 the difference was 7.8%, (Less favorable comparison data were obtained for six afternoon Umkehr observations made in highly polluted near-surface air.) This good agreement in overall results obtained lends credence to the reliability of the ozone measurements made at Table Mountain Observatory during STOIC 1989. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, TABLE MT FACIL, WRIGHTWOOD, CA 92397 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. MILLITECH CORP, S DEERFIELD, MA 01373 USA. RI McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9273 EP 9282 DI 10.1029/94JD02173 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400030 ER PT J AU FERRARE, RA MCGEE, TJ WHITEMAN, D BURRIS, J OWENS, M BUTLER, J BARNES, RA SCHMIDLIN, F KOMHYR, W WANG, PH MCCORMICK, MP MILLER, AJ AF FERRARE, RA MCGEE, TJ WHITEMAN, D BURRIS, J OWENS, M BUTLER, J BARNES, RA SCHMIDLIN, F KOMHYR, W WANG, PH MCCORMICK, MP MILLER, AJ TI LIDAR MEASUREMENTS OF STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE DURING STOIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ROCKETSONDE; PROFILES; GRAVITY; DENSITY AB Measurements of stratospheric temperature and density were acquired by the NASA/GSFC lidar during the Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) experiment at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF) (34.4 degrees N, 117.7 degrees W) in July and August 1989. Lidar temperatures, obtained on 21 nights preceding and during this experiment, are compared with temperatures derived by radiosondes, datasondes, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) satellite experiment, and National Meteorological Center (NMC) analyses. Radiosondes were flown from the TMF site as well as from San Nicholas Island (33.2 degrees N, 119.5 degrees W) located about 225 km southwest of TMF. Datasondes were deployed from Super-Loki rockets also launched at San Nicholas Island. SAGE II satellite temperature measurements were made within 1000 km of the Table Mountain site. NMC temperature analyses derived from the NOAA satellite measurements were interpolated to coincide in space and time with the lidar measurements. The lidar temperatures, which were derived for altitudes between 30 and 65 km, were within 2-3 K of the temperatures measured by the other sensors in the altitude range 30-45 km. Between 30 and 35 km, lidar temperatures were about 2 K cooler than those obtained from the datasondes and the NMC analyses but were about 1-2 K warmer than those obtained from the radiosonde, These differences may be due to the time difference between the measurements as well as possible nonnegligible aerosol scattering near 30 km. Near and above the stratopause the temperature differences increased to 3-8 K. Lidar temperature profiles also show small-scale variations possibly caused by wave activity. C1 UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, LANHAM, MD USA. CHEMAL INC, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, TERR PHYS LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23669 USA. NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT PHYS, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL, HYDROSPHER PROC LAB, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. SCI & TECHNOL CORP, HAMPTON, VA 23669 USA. RI McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9303 EP 9312 DI 10.1029/94JD02331 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400034 ER PT J AU JACOB, DJ HOROWITZ, LW MUNGER, JW HEIKES, BG DICKERSON, RR ARTZ, RS KEENE, WC AF JACOB, DJ HOROWITZ, LW MUNGER, JW HEIKES, BG DICKERSON, RR ARTZ, RS KEENE, WC TI SEASONAL TRANSITION FROM NOX- TO HYDROCARBON-LIMITED CONDITIONS FOR OZONE PRODUCTION OVER THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES IN SEPTEMBER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GAS-PHASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RURAL OZONE; CHEMISTRY; WATER; SITE; CONSTITUENTS; DEPENDENCE AB Concentrations of 0(3), CO, NO, total reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy), H2O2, and HCHO were measured from September 4 to October 1, 1990, at a mountain ridge site in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The data show evidence for a transition from NOx-limited to hydrocarbon-limited conditions for 0(3) production over the course of September. The transition is diagnosed by large decreases of the H2O2/(NOy-NOx) and HCHO/NOy concentration ratios, weakening of the correlation between 0(3) and NOy- NOx concentrations, and decrease of the slope Delta O-3/Delta(NOy-NOx). A high-0(3) episode occurring in late September was associated with only 0.34 ppbv H2O2, indicative of hydrocarbon-limited conditions. A seasonal transition in photochemical regime over the eastern United States in September would be expected from theory; the production rate of odd hydrogen radicals decreases by a factor of 2 over the course of the month, due to decreasing UV radiation and humidity, allowing HNO3 production to become the dominant sink for odd hydrogen in the boundary layer and resulting in hydrocarbon-limited conditions for 0(3) production. Seasonal decline of isoprene emission can greatly accentuate the transition. C1 HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 51 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9315 EP 9324 DI 10.1029/94JD03125 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400036 ER PT J AU TALBOT, RW MOSHER, BW HEIKES, BG JACOB, DJ MUNGER, JW DAUBE, BC KEENE, WC MABEN, JR ARTZ, RS AF TALBOT, RW MOSHER, BW HEIKES, BG JACOB, DJ MUNGER, JW DAUBE, BC KEENE, WC MABEN, JR ARTZ, RS TI CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS IN THE RURAL CONTINENTAL ATMOSPHERE OVER THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES DURING THE SHENANDOAH CLOUD AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS CONCENTRATIONS; ACETIC-ACIDS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FORMIC-ACID; MAUNA-LOA; KINETICS; OZONE; METEOROLOGY; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS AB The Shenandoah Cloud and Photochemistry Experiment (SCAPE) was conducted during September 1990 in the rural continental atmosphere at a mountain top site (1014 m) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, We report here the extensive set of trace gas measurements performed during clear sky periods of SCAPE, with particular focus on the carboxylic acids, formic, acetic, and pyruvic. Median mixing ratios were 5.4 and 2.1 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for formic and acetic acid, respectively, and they did nor exhibit the diurnal variation characteristic of low-elevation sites. Mixing ratios of formic acid often approached or exceeded 10 ppbv, which are the largest values yet reported for the nonurban troposphere. Over the rural eastern United States, formic and acetic acid appear to have significant nonphotochemical sources. Secondary production from suspected pathways appears to be relatively unimportant. The observed lack of correlation between formic and acetic acid with peroxide species argues against a significant source from permutation reactions of peroxy radicals. In addition, model calculations using the SCAPE data indicate minimal production of carboxylics from olefin/O-3 oxidation reactions. The tight correlation (r(2) = 0.88) between mixing ratios of formic and acetic acid is strongly suggestive of a commonality in their sources. The seasonal cycle of carboxylic acids in the atmosphere and precipitation over the eastern United States is evidence that combustion emissions are not a principal source of these species. It appears that direct biogenic emissions from vegetation and soils cannot be ruled out as important sources. In particular, the correlation between the seasonal variation of formic and acetic acid and the ambient temperature is consistent with a soil microbial source. Similar conclusions were reached for pyruvic acid, with its mixing ratio ranging 4 - 266 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) (median = 63) and most likely supported by biogenic emissions and possibly photochemical sources. C1 NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, DIV APPL SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RP TALBOT, RW (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE, MORSE HALL, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 36 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9335 EP 9343 DI 10.1029/95JD00507 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400038 ER PT J AU KEENE, WC MOSHER, BW JACOB, DJ MUNGER, JW TALBOT, RW ARTZ, RS MABEN, JR DAUBE, BC GALLOWAY, JN AF KEENE, WC MOSHER, BW JACOB, DJ MUNGER, JW TALBOT, RW ARTZ, RS MABEN, JR DAUBE, BC GALLOWAY, JN TI CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS IN CLOUDS AT A HIGH-ELEVATION FORESTED SITE IN CENTRAL VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ACETIC-ACIDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BULK CLOUDWATER; REMOTE AREAS; FORMIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; CHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION; THROUGHFALL; DEPOSITION AB During September 1990 we sampled coarse (> 18-mu m diameter) and fine (18- to 5.5-mu m diameter) droplets and liquid-water content (LWC) in cloud from a tower on a forested ridge top in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cloud-water pH and aqueous- and vapor-phase concentrations of carboxylic acids (HCOOH and CH3COOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were measured in parallel over 1- to 1.5-hour intervals. Both size fractions of cloud droplets contained similar concentrations of carboxylic species and H+ during most sampling; most cloud water was in coarse droplets, The pH of coarse (3.27-4.76) and fine (3.22-4.70) droplets coupled with total LWC of 0.04-0.56 g m(-3) STP (standard m(3) at 0 degrees C and 1 atm) resulted in the partitioning of carboxylic acids primarily in the vapor phase. The observed phase partitioning for CH3COOH was within the uncertainty range of thermodynamic data. However, HCOOH exhibited significant phase disequilibria, which could not be explained by artifacts from variable LWC or from mixing droplets of different acidities. We hypothesize that the large volume of liquid water deposited on the forest canopy interacted with the near-surface cloud leading to apparent disequilibria based on time-integrated samples. HCOOH was selectively depleted relative to CH3COOH in cloud, particularly at higher pH, suggesting rapid removal of HCOOH by cloud-water deposition. We saw no evidence for significant production of HCOOH from the aqueous-phase oxidation of HCHO. C1 NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DIV APPL SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. RP KEENE, WC (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CLARK HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RI Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 56 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D5 BP 9345 EP 9357 DI 10.1029/94JD01247 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ724 UT WOS:A1995QZ72400039 ER PT J AU MARTON, D FINE, J AF MARTON, D FINE, J TI ION-BEAM MIXING WITH CHEMICAL GUIDANCE .4. THERMODYNAMIC EFFECTS WITHOUT INVOKING THERMAL SPIKES SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RADIATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SILVER C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MARTON, D (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PK,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. RI Marton, Denes/E-7759-2010 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 329 IS 3 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00108-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA QZ375 UT WOS:A1995QZ37500018 ER PT J AU VASQUEZ, GB REDDY, G GILLILAND, GL STEVENS, WJ AF VASQUEZ, GB REDDY, G GILLILAND, GL STEVENS, WJ TI DINITROBENZENE INDUCES METHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION FROM DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN IN-VITRO SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE DINITROBENZENE; METHEMOGLOBIN; DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; OXYHEMOGLOBIN; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN ID AUTOXIDATION; MECHANISM; HEMOGLOBIN; RATS; MYOGLOBIN; TOXICITY AB The reaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with dinitrobenzenes (DNBs) was studied to develop a molecular-level understanding of such reactions that will enhance the development of toxicokinetic models that employ Hb adducts as biomarkers for exposure. Methemoglobin (metHb) is formed during the reaction and UV/VIS spectroscopy was used to follow the reaction of DNB isomers with deoxy-(dxHb), oxy-(HbO(2)) and carboncarboxy-(HbCO) hemoglobin. HPLC chromatography of dxHb treated with radiolabelled DNB was employed to detect possible adduct formation. Deconvolution of the spectra and the presence of well-defined isobestic points imply that DNB induces a direct conversion of dxHb to metHb, but little or no conversion occurs for either HbCO or HbO(2). This implies that the reaction of DNB with Hb may require direct access to the heme and/or that the reaction is initiated by oxidation of the heme, which occurs more readily in the deoxy state. Labelled DNB formed no detectable covalent Hb adducts in the presence of dxHb, providing evidence that metHb formation is not linked to adduct formation. C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. USA,BIOMED R&D LAB,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAY 19 PY 1995 VL 96 IS 2 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(94)03590-5 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QV678 UT WOS:A1995QV67800006 PM 7728905 ER PT J AU BUCKLEY, TJ GILLIS, KA AF BUCKLEY, TJ GILLIS, KA TI ALL-METAL COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR PREPARATIVE-SCALE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY - PURIFICATION OF LOW-BOILING-POINT COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Symposium on Preparative Chromatography CY JUN 01-05, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WASHINGTON CHROMATOG DISCUSS GRP ID METHYL CHLOROFORM; KINETICS; OH AB We describe a purification system based on a commercial preparative-scale gas chromatograph with a custom-designed condenser, collector, and fraction handling system. In our fraction collector design, all the wetted surfaces were either 316 stainless-steel or nickel. The collectors and the integrated gas-handling manifold were designed to be used down to liquid nitrogen temperature and up to 7 MPa of pressure to accommodate low-boiling-point compounds, such as refrigerants. The design, operation, and performance of this apparatus are presented. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BUCKLEY, TJ (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 19 PY 1995 VL 702 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01140-A PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RA849 UT WOS:A1995RA84900022 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, D GUENTHER, A HARLEY, P KLINGER, L ZIMMERMAN, P LAMB, B WESTBERG, H AF BALDOCCHI, D GUENTHER, A HARLEY, P KLINGER, L ZIMMERMAN, P LAMB, B WESTBERG, H TI THE FLUXES AND AIR CHEMISTRY OF ISOPRENE ABOVE A DECIDUOUS HARDWOOD FOREST SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMISSION RATE VARIABILITY; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; PLANT CANOPIES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTORESPIRATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; LEAVES; GASES; MODEL AB Isoprene is a non-methane hydrocarbon that is emitted by certain plant species. This compound affects the chemistry of the troposphere because it is oxidized by the hydroxyl radical and its oxidation products are precursors for the photochemical production of ozone. In 1992, we conducted a study on the controls of isoprene emission from a temperate deciduous forest. We draw upon data from this field experiment, and the literature, to describe the biological, chemical and physical processes that control the synthesis, emission and atmospheric lifetime of isoprene. Isoprene biosynthesis is associated with photosynthesis. Once produced, isoprene molecules diffuse through the stomata and laminar boundary layer of leaves to reach the atmosphere. Then isoprene molecules are transported by turbulence through the plant canopy and into the atmosphere's boundary layer. The ultimate fate of isoprene is controlled primarily by chemical oxidation and deposition to the surface. Emission rates of isoprene from leaves can be predicted by an algorithm that is a function of light energy and leaf temperature. Scaling of isoprene fluxes from the leaf to canopy scale is accomplished by linking the leaf algorithm to a canopy micrometeorological model. Field tests of the scaling model indicate that it can successfully estimate canopy-scale isoprene flux densities, as long as the biomass of isoprene emitting plants is used as a driving variable. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, ATMOSPHER RES LAB, PULLMAN, WA USA. RP BALDOCCHI, D (reprint author), NOAA, DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS, POB 2456, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 16 PY 1995 VL 351 IS 1696 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.1098/rsta.1995.0034 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QZ486 UT WOS:A1995QZ48600010 ER PT J AU RADOVANOV, SB DZIERZEGA, K ROBERTS, JR OLTHOFF, JK AF RADOVANOV, SB DZIERZEGA, K ROBERTS, JR OLTHOFF, JK TI TIME-RESOLVED BALMER-ALPHA EMISSION FROM FAST HYDROGEN-ATOMS IN LOW-PRESSURE, RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES IN HYDROGEN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGES; LINE-SHAPES; H-2; EXCITATION; ARGON C1 JAGIELLONIAN UNIV,PL-30059 KRAKOW,POLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 12 TC 72 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 20 BP 2637 EP 2639 DI 10.1063/1.113109 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QY400 UT WOS:A1995QY40000012 ER PT J AU SHEARER, KD AF SHEARER, KD TI THE USE OF FACTORIAL MODELING TO DETERMINE THE DIETARY REQUIREMENTS FOR ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN FISHES SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS; FEEDING AND NUTRITION, FISH, DIETARY REQUIREMENTS; MODELING ID FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CALCIUM-FREE WATER; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MAGNESIUM REQUIREMENT; PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS AB A factorial model is used to examine the relationship between the net requirement for an essential element in fish (the amount required for growth and replacement of endogenous loss) and the dietary concentration necessary to meet that requirement. Factors that affect the dietary requirement (C), when stated as a concentration in the diet, are: the bioavailability of the element (A), feed intake (F), the amount of the element taken up from the water (U), the requirement for new tissue synthesis (G) and the amount of endogenous loss (E). The model contains factors that can be empirically quantified but the relationships among these factors are determined deductively according to the equation C = [(G+E-U)/A]/F. Examples, using both real and hypothetical data, demonstrate how quantification of these factors and their incorporation into a factorial model will allow broader application of the currently available, empirically derived requirements. RP SHEARER, KD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DEPT COMMERCE,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 83 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 133 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00405-D PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD837 UT WOS:A1995RD83700006 ER PT J AU ZASTAWNY, TH DOETSCH, PW DIZDAROGLU, M AF ZASTAWNY, TH DOETSCH, PW DIZDAROGLU, M TI A NOVEL ACTIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI URACIL DNA N-GLYCOSYLASE EXCISION OF ISODIALURIC ACID (5,6-DIHYDROXYURACIL), A MAJOR PRODUCT OF OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE, FROM DNA SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; DNA REPAIR; MODIFIED BASE; ISODIALURIC ACID ID GENERATED FREE-RADICALS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; BASE MODIFICATIONS; RADIATION; LESIONS; REPAIR AB We describe a novel activity of E. coli uracil DNA N-glycosylase (UNG) that excises isodialuric acid from DNA, Isodialuric acid is formed in DNA as a major oxidative product of cytosine, DNA substrates, which were prepared by gamma-irradiation, were incubated with UNG. Following precipitation of DNA, analyses of pellets and supernatant fractions by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed an efficient excision of isodialuric acid from DNA by UNG. None of the other 15 identified DNA base lesions was excised, The excision of isodialuric acid indicates that the non-aromaticity of a substrate may not be a limiting factor for UNG. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MED ACAD POLAND,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA4260] NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 364 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00400-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA QZ431 UT WOS:A1995QZ43100004 PM 7758578 ER PT J AU MCINTYRE, PC CIMA, MJ ROSHKO, A AF MCINTYRE, PC CIMA, MJ ROSHKO, A TI EPITAXIAL NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF CHEMICALLY DERIVED BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS ON (001) SRTIO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIFLUOROACETATE PRECURSORS; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; YBA2CU3O7 FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISM; LAALO3 C1 MIT,CTR MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 41 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 10 BP 5263 EP 5272 DI 10.1063/1.359278 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QY839 UT WOS:A1995QY83900061 ER EF