FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU VANDAM, TM BLEWITT, G HEFLIN, MB AF VANDAM, TM BLEWITT, G HEFLIN, MB TI ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE LOADING EFFECTS ON GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM COORDINATE DETERMINATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; EARTH; GPS AB Earth deformation signals caused by atmospheric pressure loading are detected in vertical position estimates at Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, Surface displacements due to changes in atmospheric pressure account for up to 24% of the total variance in the GPS height estimates. The detected loading signals are larger at higher latitudes where pressure variations are greatest; the largest effect is observed at Fairbanks, Alaska (latitude 65 degrees), with a signal RMS of 5 mm. Out of 19 continuously operating GPS sites (with a mean of 281 daily solutions per site), 18 show a positive correlation between the GPS vertical estimates and the modeled loading displacements, Accounting for loading reduces the variance of the vertical station positions on 12 of the 19 sites investigated. Removing the modeled pressure loading from GPS determinations of baseline length for baselines longer than 6000 km reduces the variance on 73 of the 117 baselines investigated. The slight increase in variance for some of the sites and baselines is consistent with expected statistical fluctuations. The results from most stations are consistent with similar to 65% of the modeled pressure load being found in the GPS vertical position measurements. Removing an annual signal from both the measured heights and the modeled load time series leaves this value unchanged. The source of the remaining discrepancy between the modeled and observed loading signal may be the result of (1) anisotropic effects in the Earth's loading response, (2) errors in GPS estimates of tropospheric delay, (3) errors in the surface pressure data, or (4) annual signals in the time series of loading and station heights. In addition, we find that using site dependent coefficients, determined by fitting local pressure to the modeled radial displacements, reduces the variance of the measured station heights as well as of better than using the global convolution sum. C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, DEPT SURVEYING, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NE1 7RU, TYNE & WEAR, ENGLAND. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RP VANDAM, TM (reprint author), NOAA, GEOSCI LAB,NOS,OES 13,SSMV IV, EAST WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B12 BP 23939 EP 23950 DI 10.1029/94JB02122 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PX338 UT WOS:A1994PX33800012 ER PT J AU CHU, PM BUNTIN, SA RICHTER, LJ CAVANAGH, RR AF CHU, PM BUNTIN, SA RICHTER, LJ CAVANAGH, RR TI PHOTODESORPTION DYNAMICS OF CO FROM SI(111) - THE ROLE OF SURFACE-DEFECTS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; INDUCED THERMAL-DESORPTION; PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS; NO; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; EXCITATION AB Laser-induced desorption of CO from an ion beam etched and annealed Si(lll) surface is reported. State-resolved measurements of the desorbed CO reveal very high translational and vibrational energy contents, with the rotational excitation being quite low. The results suggest that the CO photodesorption is derived from CO bound to ion beam etch-induced active ''defect'' site(s) on the Si(111)7X7 surface that are only minimally influenced by either the ion beam etching conditions or the anneal. The very high translational energy in the CO implies desorption from active ''defect'' site(s) either in the very-near-surface region or on the surface. Comparison of the photoyields at 266 and 355 nm suggests that the desorption mechanism cannot be described using existing models for thermal- or carrier-mediated processes. C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 1994 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90033-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA PX997 UT WOS:A1994PX99700018 ER PT J AU TOGGWEILER, JR AF TOGGWEILER, JR TI CARBON-CYCLE - VANISHING IN BERMUDA SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 8 PY 1994 VL 372 IS 6506 BP 505 EP 506 DI 10.1038/372505a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PW082 UT WOS:A1994PW08200031 ER PT J AU SLADE, RCT HALL, GP RAMANAN, A NICOL, JM AF SLADE, RCT HALL, GP RAMANAN, A NICOL, JM TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF PROTONIC SPECIES IN AMMONIUM PENTAMOLYBDATE, (NH4)MO5.33H3O18 SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ION REORIENTATIONS; INELASTIC NEUTRON; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRIOXIDE AB Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) and quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) have been used in an investigation of ammonium pentamolybdate, (NH4)Mo5.33H3O18. The IINS vibrational spectrum reveals the presence of NH4+ (in the tunnels of the 'hexagonal MoO3,' host framework), water molecules and Mo-coordinated hydroxy groups. Variable-temperature QNS measurements have enabled investigation of motions of the NH4+ ion. Broadenings are observed in the QNS spectra over a remarkably large temperature range, consistent with a low activation barrier to reorientation. In analysis of the temperature dependence of the elastic incoherent structure factor, it was necessary to invoke a variable 'static fraction' of ammonium ions, arising from dynamical inequivalences of ammonium ions in different tunnel cavities. QNS data were treated using the isotropic rotational diffusion model for those reorienting ions giving discernible quasielastic broadenings, this diffusion being consequent on the interaction of the reorientations of the low-energy barrier with the lattice modes. C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SLADE, RCT (reprint author), UNIV EXETER,DEPT CHEM,STOCKER RD,EXETER EX4 4QD,DEVON,ENGLAND. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD DEC 7 PY 1994 VL 90 IS 23 BP 3579 EP 3584 DI 10.1039/ft9949003579 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PV286 UT WOS:A1994PV28600017 ER PT J AU WICKNER, S GOTTESMAN, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K MAURIZI, MR AF WICKNER, S GOTTESMAN, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K MAURIZI, MR TI A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE, CLPA, FUNCTIONS LIKE DNAK AND DNAJ SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS; PLASMID P1; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; CLPP ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEOPROTEIN STRUCTURES; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; REPA MONOMERIZATION; ACTIVATED ATPASE; RNA-POLYMERASE; REPLICATION; GRPE AB The two major molecular chaperone families that mediate ATP-dependent protein folding and refolding are the heat shock proteins Hsp60s (GroEL) and Hsp70s (DnaK). Clp proteins, like chaperones, are highly conserved, present in all organisms, and contain ATP and polypeptide binding sites. We discovered that ClpA, the ATPase component of the ATP-dependent ClpAP protease, is a molecular chaperone. ClpA performs the ATP-dependent chaperone function of DnaK and DnaJ in the in vitro activation of the plasmid P1 RepA replication initiator protein. RepA is activated by the conversion of dimers to monomers. We show that ClpA targets RepA for degradation by ClpP, demonstrating a direct link between the protein unfolding function of chaperones and proteolysis. In another chaperone assay, ClpA protects luciferase from irreversible heat inactivation but is unable to reactivate luciferase. C1 NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WICKNER, S (reprint author), NCI,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 37,ROOM 2D19,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 27 TC 304 Z9 307 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 6 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 25 BP 12218 EP 12222 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12218 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PW708 UT WOS:A1994PW70800093 PM 7991609 ER PT J AU KIM, SD AF KIM, SD TI OFF-DIAGONAL ORTHORHOMBIC-SYMMETRY ELASTIC-CONSTANTS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON-ALUMINUM RP KIM, SD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 1994 VL 65 IS 23 BP 2949 EP 2950 DI 10.1063/1.112543 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PV093 UT WOS:A1994PV09300017 ER PT J AU BALSARA, NP DAI, HJ KESANI, PK GARETZ, BA HAMMOUDA, B AF BALSARA, NP DAI, HJ KESANI, PK GARETZ, BA HAMMOUDA, B TI INFLUENCE OF IMPERFECTIONS ON THE DISORDERING OF BLOCK-COPOLYMER CYLINDERS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIREFRINGENCE; TRANSITION AB Small-angle neutron scattering and optical birefringence were used to study the disordering transition of a cylindrically ordered block copolymer material. It was found that the disordering temperature of shear-oriented ''single crystals'' was 62 degrees C, while that of imperfect, granular samples formed under quiescent conditions was 49 degrees C. In sheared samples where the imperfections were partially removed, coexistence of ordered and disordered regions was observed at temperatures between 49 and 62 degrees C. C1 POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT CHEM,BROOKLYN,NY 11201. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BALSARA, NP (reprint author), POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT CHEM ENGN,6 METROTECH CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11201, USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 5 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 25 BP 7406 EP 7409 DI 10.1021/ma00103a023 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PW059 UT WOS:A1994PW05900023 ER PT J AU MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP DELINE, VR SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP DELINE, VR SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI BLOCK-COPOLYMER MIXTURES AS REVEALED BY NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; DOMAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; POLYMER FILMS CAST; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SPHERICAL MICRODOMAINS; ORDERED STRUCTURE; BINARY-MIXTURES; MORPHOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; HOMOPOLYMER AB Thin film mixtures of high and low molecular weight symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers were investigated by neutron reflectivity. The preferential interaction of the block components with the surface and substrate causes the mixtures to organize upon annealing into alternating lamellar microdomains of PS and PMMA oriented parallel to the substrate surface. By deuterating the PMMA blocks of both mixture components, the periodicity and interfacial width were determined as a function of the mixture composition. The lamellar period, d, of the mixture was found to scale approximately with the number-average molecular weight as d similar to M(n)(2/3) Via selective deuteration, the copolymer block distributions. within the domains were obtained by combining results from complementary experiments. In all cases investigated, nonuniform profiles were observed whereby the shorter copolymer chains localized to the PS/PMMA interface regions while longer chains enriched the domain centers. C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,DIV REACTOR & RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 5 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 25 BP 7447 EP 7453 DI 10.1021/ma00103a030 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PW059 UT WOS:A1994PW05900030 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ CACIARI, M AF BRUNO, TJ CACIARI, M TI RETENTION OF HALOCARBONS ON A HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE EPOXIDE-MODIFIED GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK .3. ETHENE-BASED COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article AB The retention characteristics of 11 ethene-based chlorofluorocarbon, bromochlorofluorocarbon and fluorocarbon fluids have been studied as a function of temperature on a stationary phase consisting of a 5% (m/m) coating of a low-molecular-mass polymer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide on a graphitized carbon black adsorbent. Measurements were performed at -20, 0, 20 and 40 degrees C for trifluoroethene (R-1123), 1,1-difluoroethene (R1132a), and fluoraethene (vinyl fluoride, R-1141). Measurements were performed at 40, 60, 80 and 100 degrees C for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethene (R-1112a), chlorotrifluoroethene (R-1113), 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethene (R-1122), 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene (R-1121a), 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethene (R-1122B1) and bromoethene (vinyl bromide, R-1140B1). Measurements were performed at 60, 80, 100 and 120 degrees C for trans-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene (R-1112t) and cis-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene (R-1112c). Net retention volumes, corrected to a column temperature of 0 degrees C, were calculated from retention time measurements, the logarithms of which were fitted against reciprocal thermodynamic temperature. The relative retentions, also as a function of temperature, were calculated with respect to the retentions of tetrafluoromethane (R-14) and hexafluoroethane (R-116). Qualitative features of the data are examined, and trends are identified. In addition, the data were fitted to linear models for the purpose of predicting retention behavior of these compounds to facilitate chromatographic analysis. RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 2 PY 1994 VL 686 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00736-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QB582 UT WOS:A1994QB58200009 ER PT J AU DUNFORD, R BARKLEY, P JONES, CA WELSH, M LOOMIS, J AF DUNFORD, R BARKLEY, P JONES, CA WELSH, M LOOMIS, J TI ASSESSING NATURAL-RESOURCE DAMAGES FROM OIL-SPILLS - NOAAS PROPOSED COMPENSATION FORMULA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1236 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200068 ER PT J AU REED, WP AF REED, WP TI CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS AND THE ISSUES OF QUALITY COMPARABILITY AND TRACEABILITY SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article C1 NIST,CALIBRAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,OFF NUCL MAT MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,STAND REF MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,OFF STAND REF MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,DIV CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 18 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA PW851 UT WOS:A1994PW85100003 ER PT J AU WEETALL, HH AF WEETALL, HH TI D96N MUTANT BACTERIORHODOPSIN IMMOBILIZED IN SOL-GEL GLASS CHARACTERIZATION SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMOBILIZED; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; D96N MUTANT; SOF-GEL; BLEACHING EFFICIENCY; LIGHT-SENSITIVE PROTEIN ID INTERNAL PROTON DONOR; ASPARTIC ACID-96; GUANIDINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; M-INTERMEDIATE; PHOTOCYCLE; LIFETIME; FILMS AB The D96N mutant form of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) purple membrane fragments isolated from the bacterium Halobacterium salinarium has been immobilized by entrapment in sol-gel glass. The protein was characterized for M state decay rate at different temperatures and pH values. Bleaching efficiency and absorbance maxima vs pH were also determined. The kinetic effects of triethanolamine and diethanolamine were also examined. Results indicated that the immobilized BR was affected in a manner similar to the mutant BR in aqueous suspension. Addition of guanidine, however, caused the immobilized BR to show kinetic parameters more closely related to the wild-type protein than the D96N mutant control. Samples of the aqueous suspension were characterized for particle size and particle size distribution. Dried samples of the immobilized BR were analyzed by field emission microscopy and BET to characterize both the purple membrane fragments and the sol-gel pore characteristics. RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF02783060 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PY557 UT WOS:A1994PY55700005 ER PT J AU COLLE, R LIN, ZC HUTCHINSON, JMR SCHIMA, FJ AF COLLE, R LIN, ZC HUTCHINSON, JMR SCHIMA, FJ TI DELAYED ISOMERIC STATE IN PB-205 AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR 4-PI-ALPHA LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY OF PO-209 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY AB Assays of Po-209 by 4 pi alpha liquid scintillation (LS) measurements are confounded by an alpha-transition to a 2.3 keV (J(pi) = 1/2(-)) level in Pb-205 which was previously unknown to be a delayed isomeric state. The level is believed to be populated by a substantial fraction of the total Po-209 decay (similar to 80%) and presumably decays predominantly by internal conversion. The resulting conversion electrons from this delayed isomeric transition were identified in LS spectra. The lifetime is inferred to be at least several times 10(-5) s, although it may very well be substantially longer lived by orders of magnitude. The implications of these findings for routine measurements of Po-209 by LS are discussed. Suggested experiments to precisely determine the lifetime of the state are also proposed. RP COLLE, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90032-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA QE683 UT WOS:A1994QE68300007 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SA LINSKY, JL BOOKBINDER, JA AF DRAKE, SA LINSKY, JL BOOKBINDER, JA TI A SEARCH FOR RADIO-EMISSION FROM THE NONMAGNETIC CHEMICALLY PECULIAR STARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UPPER-MAIN-SEQUENCE; X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AM STARS; AP; BINARIES C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. SAO,CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP DRAKE, SA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,CODE 668,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 108 IS 6 BP 2203 EP 2206 DI 10.1086/117231 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PU983 UT WOS:A1994PU98300021 ER PT J AU DEWDNEY, PE LOZINSKAYA, TA AF DEWDNEY, PE LOZINSKAYA, TA TI LARGE-SCALE 21-CM HI OBSERVATIONS OF THE CYG OB1/OB3 SUPERSHELL SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STARS C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, STERNBERG ASTRON INST, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, DOMINION RADIO ASTROPHYS OBSERV, BOX 248, PENTICTON V2A 6K3, BC, CANADA. RI Lozinskaya, Tatiana/R-9835-2016 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 108 IS 6 BP 2212 EP 2219 DI 10.1086/117233 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PU983 UT WOS:A1994PU98300023 ER PT J AU KERR, JB FAST, H MCELROY, CT OLTMANS, SJ LATHROP, JA KYRO, E PAUKKUNEN, A CLAUDE, H KOHLER, U SREEDHARAN, CR TAKAO, T TSUKAGOSHI, Y AF KERR, JB FAST, H MCELROY, CT OLTMANS, SJ LATHROP, JA KYRO, E PAUKKUNEN, A CLAUDE, H KOHLER, U SREEDHARAN, CR TAKAO, T TSUKAGOSHI, Y TI THE 1991 WMO INTERNATIONAL OZONESONDE INTERCOMPARISON AT VANSCOY, CANADA SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article AB An intercomparison of ozonesondes was held at Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, from 13 to 24 May 1991. The intercomparison, which was sponsored by the WMO and hosted by the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) of Canada, was attended by scientists from six countries: Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Japan and the United States. Four different makes of ozonesondes were used: the ECC sonde, the Brewer-Mast sonde, the Indian ozonesonde and the Japanese RSII-KC79 ozonesonde. These represent most of the sonde types that are in routine operation in the Global Ozone Observing System. A balloon payload and telemetry system was developed to accommodate up to eight ozonesondes that could operate independently and transmit data simultaneously to a ground receiver. Ten flights were launched, each carrying 7 or 8 sondes, and a total of 65 successful profile measurements were made. The payloads were carried to altitudes between 35 and 40 km. The measured profiles are used to determine statistically meaningful evaluations of the different sonde types. The results compared with those from previous intercomparisons indicate that there has been a general improvement in performance for most of the types. In addition there appears to have been changes with time in the relative sensitivity to tropospheric ozone for different sonde types. This result should be considered when drawing conclusions regarding trends in tropospheric ozone. C1 NOAA,ERL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. DEUTSCH WETTERDIENS,OFFENBACH,GERMANY. JAPAN METEOROL AGCY,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP KERR, JB (reprint author), ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,4905 DUFFERIN ST,DOWNSVIEW,ON M3H 5T4,CANADA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN METEOR & OCEANOGR SOC PI ONTARIO PA PO BOX 334, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO ON L3Y 4X7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 685 EP 716 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA QC440 UT WOS:A1994QC44000003 ER PT J AU WALSH, JE ZHOU, X PORTIS, D SERREZE, MC AF WALSH, JE ZHOU, X PORTIS, D SERREZE, MC TI ATMOSPHERIC CONTRIBUTION TO HYDROLOGIC VARIATIONS IN THE ARCTIC SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE AB High-latitude rawinsonde data for 18 years (1973-1990) are used to compute the atmospheric moisture flux convergence over two regions: the Arctic Ocean and the Mackenzie River drainage basin. The primary objectives are to assess the interannual variability and to compare the macroscale hydrologic regimes of the two regions. The moisture flux convergence is positive in all months over the Arctic Ocean, but is occasionally negative during summer over the Mackenzie Basin. The climatological seasonal cycle of the moisture convergence contains a late-summer (August-September) maximum over the Arctic Ocean but a late-summer minimum over the Mackenzie Basin. Evaporation, deduced from the moisture inflow and independent data on precipitation, makes a much greater contribution to the atmospheric moisture budget of the Mackenzie domain, especially during summer. The respective equivalent area averages of the 18-year annual mean moisture flux convergence, precipitation and derived evaporation are 17.3, 19.5 and 2.2 cm a-1 for the Arctic Ocean and 24.9, 33.6 and 8.7 cm a-1 for the Mackenzie domain. However, the range of interannual variations of the flux convergence is about +/-50% of the annual means and more than twice the monthly means. The annual totals of the flux convergence are correlated with station-derived precipitation over the Mackenzie domain and with yearly variations of the Mackenzie discharge. The moisture flux convergence over the Mackenzie domain suggests that station reports underestimate precipitation during the winter months by amounts equivalent to several centimetres per annum. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WALSH, JE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 30 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 3 PU CANADIAN METEOR & OCEANOGR SOC PI ONTARIO PA PO BOX 334, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO ON L3Y 4X7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 733 EP 755 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA QC440 UT WOS:A1994QC44000005 ER PT J AU LUHAR, AK RAO, KS AF LUHAR, AK RAO, KS TI LAGRANGIAN STOCHASTIC DISPERSION MODEL SIMULATIONS OF TRACER DATA IN NOCTURNAL FLOWS OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DRAINAGE FLOWS; ASCOT DATA; RANDOM-WALK MODELS ID RANDOM-WALK MODEL; DRAINAGE FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DEEP VALLEY; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB A three-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model (LSDM), which has been formulated to predict dispersion in three-dimensional nocturnal flows over complex terrain, is described. The model uses a Langevin equation in the lateral direction and a pure random-walk equation in the vertical direction. The performance of the model has been evaluated using the U.S. Department of Energy's ASCOT tracer databases collected during the 1984 field study in the Brush Creek valley in western Colorado, and the 1991 field study near the Rocky Flats Plant northwest of Denver. Both held experiments were performed in complex terrain regions where three-dimensional drainage flows were observed at night. The input wind fields and turbulence parameters required by the Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model are derived from meteorological data collected during the tracer experiments. The model-predicted concentrations are extensively compared with the corresponding observed concentrations. Several statistical measures calculated to quantitatively assess the performance of the model are presented. The agreement between the predicted and observed concentrations is satisfactory. C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Luhar, Ashok/A-1488-2012 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 28 IS 21 BP 3417 EP 3431 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90002-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PZ111 UT WOS:A1994PZ11100002 ER PT J AU BRIDGMAN, HA BODHAINE, BA AF BRIDGMAN, HA BODHAINE, BA TI ON THE FREQUENCY OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT EVENTS AT POINT-BARROW, ALASKA, 1983-1992 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ARCTIC HAZE; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORY; ARCTIC BASIN; AEROSOL; LIGHT SCATTERING; CARBON DIOXIDE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTH-POLE; AEROSOL; POLLUTION; WINTER; TRAJECTORIES; VARIABILITY; OZONE; AIR AB The Point Barrow, Alaska pollutant and meteorological data bases from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) baseline station are evaluated for the first 120 days of each year between 1983 and 1992. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a relationship between gaseous and aerosol pollutants during clean sector winds could be used to indicate periods of long-range transport of pollutants. Representative pollutant parameters used include carbon dioxide and aerosol light scattering (sigma(sp)), with methane, condensation nuclei, and black carbon used in support. Several interesting relationships emerge between the gases and sigma(sp) during long-range transport events: (1) the frequency of clean sector winds for most months is greater than 70%, with the range 31.6-92.8%; (2) high correlations between CO2 and sigma(sp) do not necessarily occur during long-range transport events, and the relationship between the two parameters is weak and erratic; (3) a considerable majority of transport periods occur in January and March, with the highest frequency in the AGASP measurement years 1983 and 1986, in some contrast to previous analysis using only haze as the pollution indicator; (4) pollution reaching surface monitors at Point Barrow most often originates from pooled air in the Arctic Basin, with no clear definition of more distant source regions. C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE,DEPT GEOG,NEWCASTLE,NSW 2308,AUSTRALIA. RP BRIDGMAN, HA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 28 IS 21 BP 3537 EP 3549 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90010-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PZ111 UT WOS:A1994PZ11100010 ER PT J AU KRUEGER, S ANDREWS, AP NOSSAL, R AF KRUEGER, S ANDREWS, AP NOSSAL, R TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGAROSE GELS SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NEUTRON SCATTERING; GELS; AGAROSE ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ORIENTATION; PERCOLATION; MOLECULES; FRACTALS; SOLVENT; MATRIX; WATER AB The 30 m small angle neutron scattering facility at the National Institutes of Standards and Technology has been used to examine neutron scattering from agarose gels formed in D2O. Differential scattering cross sections have been acquired over a continuous range of Q between 0.005 and 0.3 Angstrom(-1). Subtle changes in gel structure are observed when pre-gelation agarose concentration is varied. Similarly, except when the gelling solution is rapidly cooled to a low temperature, the rate at which the gels are formed does not seem to have much effect. Clearer evidence of structural rearrangement is observed when the solvent quality is changed by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, or when the temperature of the gel is elevated above 70 degrees C. These data are consistent with a description of a randomly structured polymer network containing discrete self-similar, hydrogen-bonded, junctions normally of minimal thickness approximate to 35-40 Angstrom. C1 NIH,DIV COMP SCI & TECHNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. COLL WOOSTER,DEPT PHYS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0301-4622(94)00079-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA QA837 UT WOS:A1994QA83700010 PM 7841333 ER PT J AU DILLINGER, WH ABELL, MD AF DILLINGER, WH ABELL, MD TI ADJUSTING VLBI DATA TO OBTAIN GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION FOR MOBILE VLBI SITES SO BULLETIN GEODESIQUE LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; PLATE MOTIONS; LONG; VELOCITIES; GEODESY AB We have used Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data to compute the site coordinates and constant velocity components for 29 fixed antenna sites and 25 mobile sites. The three singularities which occur in the adjustment with respect to the rotation of the system have been resolved by a constraint holding the net rotation of seven fixed antennas, distributed on the stable portions of four of the geologic plates, to the net rotation for these sites as defined by the NNR-NUVEL1 no net rotation model. In order to achieve a minimally constrained adjustment of this type we have found it necessary to use a new adjustment procedure in which we solve for the coordinates of each site at the weighted mean epoch of all the observations involving that site. Using the results of the above solution we have computed the departure for each site from the NNR-NUVEL1 rigid plate model. These departures show that the transition zone in western North America from the region of rigidity to the plate boundary is at least 400 km wide, in general agreement with Ward (1988,1990). RP NOAA, GEOSCI LAB, 1305 E WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4632 J9 B GEOD JI Bull. Geod. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF00807992 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PX717 UT WOS:A1994PX71700007 ER PT J AU MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, CA GREIG, RA SENNEFELDER, G AF MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, CA GREIG, RA SENNEFELDER, G TI PCB AND METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN AMERICAN LOBSTERS FROM THE ACUSHNET RIVER ESTUARY AND LONG-ISLAND SOUND SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP MERCALDOALLEN, R (reprint author), NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 53 IS 6 BP 820 EP 827 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PN739 UT WOS:A1994PN73900006 PM 7881209 ER PT J AU STERN, AD BRADY, RH MOORE, PD CARTER, GM AF STERN, AD BRADY, RH MOORE, PD CARTER, GM TI IDENTIFICATION OF AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF RADAR AND LIGHTNING DATA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NETWORK; THUNDERSTORMS AB The National Weather Service Eastern Region is carrying out a national risk-reduction exercise at the Baltimore-Washington Forecast Office in Sterling, Virginia. The primary objective of this project is to integrate information from remote sensor technologies to produce comprehensive state-of-the-atmosphere reports that promote aviation safety. Techniques have been developed and tested to identify aviation-oriented hazardous weather based on data from conventional radars, a national lightning detection network, and collateral observations from new Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) sites that are being deployed throughout the nation. From July through September 1993, an experimental observational product to identify convective activity within 30 n mi of six airports from southern Virginia to Delaware was transmitted three times each hour to personnel at Weather Service Offices and Center Weather Service Units and to the meteorologists and flight dispatchers of five major air carriers. This user-oriented evaluation and the associated statistical analysis has provided important feedback to assess the utility of the product as a supplement to ASOS. integration of information from several products generated by the new Doppler radar at Sterling with lightning network data is being pursued for the second phase of the project. The National Weather Service will determine the viability of this approach to generate products to routinely supplement the information provided by ASOS on either a national or a local basis. RP STERN, AD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,44087 WEATHER SERV RD,STERLING,VA 20166, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2269 EP 2280 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2269:IOAWHB>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QB544 UT WOS:A1994QB54400001 ER PT J AU GOLDEN, JH BLUESTEIN, HB AF GOLDEN, JH BLUESTEIN, HB TI THE NOAA NATIONAL-GEOGRAPHIC-SOCIETY WATERSPOUT EXPEDITION (1993) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; TORNADOES; FLORIDA AB This paper describes a field program conducted by NOAA and the National Geographic Society in late August 1993 near Key West, Florida. The mission of the expedition was to obtain close-up photographic documentation of waterspouts. Using a NOAA helicopter as an observing platform, the participants dropped flares onto the sea surface to visualize the airflow and filmed waterspouts using a state-of-the art motion picture camera and still cameras. Over a dozen waterspouts/funnel clouds were observed, and the most detailed movies of spray vortices ever taken were obtained. C1 NOAA,US WEATHER RES PROGAM OFF,SILVER SPRING,MD. UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2288 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2281:TNNGSW>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QB544 UT WOS:A1994QB54400002 ER PT J AU GAGE, KS WILLIAMS, CR ECKLUND, WL AF GAGE, KS WILLIAMS, CR ECKLUND, WL TI UHF WIND PROFILERS - A NEW TOOL FOR DIAGNOSING TROPICAL CONVECTIVE CLOUD SYSTEMS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Uncertainty in the magnitude and distribution of diabatic heating associated with precipitating cloud systems is one of the major factors giving rise to uncertainty in the simulation of large-scale atmospheric circulations in numerical models of the atmosphere. A major international effort is under way to develop an improved parameterization of the hydrological cycle within numerical models. Progress will require better observations of the distribution of the diabatic heating associated with cloud systems in the Tropics. In this paper new observations are presented demonstrating the potential of UHF profilers for diagnosing the vertical structure of convective systems in the Tropics. These preliminary results indicate that while mesoscale convective systems are prevalent in the Tropics them are important contributions to rainfall from smaller-scale warm rain systems that do not extend above the freezing level. They also show that extensive regions of upper-tropospheric precipitating clouds often exist at times when no rain is detected at the surface. These observations provide important information that should prove useful in developing improved methods for estimating precipitation from satellite observations. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 22 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2289 EP 2294 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2289:UWPANT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QB544 UT WOS:A1994QB54400003 ER PT J AU MCNAUGHTON, DJ BOWNE, NE DENNIS, RL DRAXLER, RR HANNA, SR PALMA, T MARSH, SL PENNELL, WT PETERSON, RL RAMSDELL, JV RAO, ST YAMARTINO, RJ AF MCNAUGHTON, DJ BOWNE, NE DENNIS, RL DRAXLER, RR HANNA, SR PALMA, T MARSH, SL PENNELL, WT PETERSON, RL RAMSDELL, JV RAO, ST YAMARTINO, RJ TI SUMMARY OF THE EIGHTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR-POLLUTION METEOROLOGY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Eighth Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the Air and Waste Management Association was held in conjunction with the AMS 74th Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, on 23-28 January 1994. Sessions at the meeting covered a broad range of topics including the dispersion environment, meteorology in emissions determination, long-range and mesoscale pollutant transport and fate, meteorology and photochemistry, advanced dispersion models and modeling systems, model evaluation, complex flows affecting dispersion neat structures, and coastal and complex terrain issues. Papers followed some recurrent themes but many reported applications of new technology that provide new opportunities to see atmospheric characteristics and complexities for the first time. Innovative techniques were described in data analysis and presentation and modeling. C1 AREAL EPA, NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA. NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. EARTH TECH, CONCORD, MA USA. TRC ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. SO CALIF EDISON CO, ROSEMEAD, CA USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. CERMAK PETERKA & PETERSON INC, FT COLLINS, CO USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, ALBANY, NY USA. RP MCNAUGHTON, DJ (reprint author), EARTH TECH, 19 PROCTOR DR, W HARTFORD, CT 06117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2303 EP 2311 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QB544 UT WOS:A1994QB54400005 ER PT J AU PENNER, JE CHARLSON, RJ HALES, JM LAULAINEN, NS LEIFER, R NOVAKOV, T OGREN, J RADKE, LF SCHWARTZ, SE TRAVIS, L AF PENNER, JE CHARLSON, RJ HALES, JM LAULAINEN, NS LEIFER, R NOVAKOV, T OGREN, J RADKE, LF SCHWARTZ, SE TRAVIS, L TI QUANTIFYING AND MINIMIZING UNCERTAINTY OF CLIMATE FORCING BY ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS - COMMENT - REPLY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; SULFATE C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. ENVAIR, RICHLAND, WA USA. RP PENNER, JE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2315 EP 2316 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QB544 UT WOS:A1994QB54400007 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, LJ MEGREY, BA AF RICHARDS, LJ MEGREY, BA TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF FISHERIES DATA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESOURCES C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP RICHARDS, LJ (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,PACIFIC BIOL STN,BIOL SCI BRANCH,NANAIMO,BC V9R 5K6,CANADA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2640 EP 2641 DI 10.1139/f94-263 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800001 ER PT J AU KLEIBER, P HAMPTON, J AF KLEIBER, P HAMPTON, J TI MODELING EFFECTS OF FADS AND ISLANDS ON MOVEMENT OF SKIPJACK TUNA (KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS) - ESTIMATING PARAMETERS FROM TAGGING DATA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISH; YELLOWFIN; DEVICES AB From an experiment with ordinary dart tags, we have found evidence of the effect of fish-aggregating devices (FADs) and of islands on the movements of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) around the Solomon Islands. By fitting a fish movement model to the tag data, we were able to estimate mortality and movement parameters (including diffusivity), parameters of a function that models FAD attraction, and a separate parameter of island attraction. Diffusivity was high enough to effectively distribute fish throughout the island archipelago (approximately 150 000 km(2)) within a few months. Estimates of FAD parameters indicate that the presence of up to four or five FADs in an area approximately 50 x 50 km can reduce the propensity for skipjack to leave that area by approximately 50%, but that deploying additional FADs in such an area does not significantly increase their effectiveness in holding skipjack. Estimates of the island attraction parameter imply that the propensity of skipjack for movement away from the archipelago is less than half the propensity for movement within it. C1 S PACIFIC COMMISS,OCEAN FISHERIES PROGRAMME,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. RP KLEIBER, P (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2642 EP 2653 DI 10.1139/f94-264 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800002 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, GG AF THOMPSON, GG TI CONFOUNDING OF GEAR SELECTIVITY AND THE NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE IN CASES WHERE THE FORMER IS A NONMONOTONE FUNCTION OF AGE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT ADVICE; COHORT ANALYSIS; ERRORS; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB An ''exponential-logistic'' selectivity function is presented in which a single parameter (gamma) determines whether gear selectivity is asymptotic (gamma = 0) or reaches a maximum at finite age (gamma > 0). The function is used to develop a model in which both gamma and the natural mortality rate M are formally indeterminate and in which the coming year's catch limit can be viewed as a response function of either estimated gamma or estimated M. Decision theory is then used to derive the optimal catch. The optimal catch is shown to increase with the degree of uncertainty surrounding M, although this conclusion may depend on the short managerial time frame assumed. Three ''suboptimal'' strategies are also considered: (1) setting catch at the level corresponding to the expected value of M, (2) setting catch at the minimum of the response function, and (3) setting catch at the level corresponding to gamma = 0. The first suboptimal strategy never results in a catch greater than the optimum and always results in a lower expected loss than the second. The performance of the third strategy (relative to the others) depends on parameter values. RP THOMPSON, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2654 EP 2664 DI 10.1139/f94-265 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800003 ER PT J AU MEGREY, BA HOLLOWED, AB BALDWIN, RT AF MEGREY, BA HOLLOWED, AB BALDWIN, RT TI SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMUM HARVEST STRATEGY ESTIMATES TO ALTERNATIVE DEFINITIONS OF RISK SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; YIELD AB A stochastic age-structured bioeconomic simulation model was developed as a tool for evaluating economic returns to a fishery from alternative harvest policies. The model, which was applied to the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery, combines the dual goals of protection of the base stock and efficient use of the public resource into an explicit objective function. This paper presents the results of several experiments in which the simulation model is used to examine the sensitivity of the optimum harvest strategy estimates to alternative definitions of risk and assumptions regarding recruitment. Alternative definitions of risk consider assumptions about stock productivity, threshold biomass, economic factors, and hybrid formulations. The bioeconomic extension of the population dynamics model is used to quantify differences in the estimates of optimum fishing mortality obtained from the different risk definitions. Model results demonstrate that estimates of optimal fishing mortality and economic return to the fishery are sensitive to the specific definition of risk used to manage the fishery. The recruitment assumption turned out to be more important to optimum harvest strategy estimates than did risk definitions. C1 US FOREST SERV,ALASKA REG OFF,JUNEAU,AK 99802. RP MEGREY, BA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2695 EP 2704 DI 10.1139/f94-269 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800007 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, AA RESTREPO, VR AF ROSENBERG, AA RESTREPO, VR TI UNCERTAINTY AND RISK-EVALUATION IN STOCK ASSESSMENT ADVICE FOR US MARINE FISHERIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This paper describes some of the ways that the uncertainty in fisheries scientific advice has been communicated to managers for different fisheries in the United States in the past several years. Describing the uncertainty can be important in allowing managers to weigh the benefits and losses of different management strategies and to allay concerns about the effects of process, measurement, and model errors on the scientific advice, even if a formal decision theoretic risk analysis has not been carried out. The four general steps in analyzing uncertainty and assessing risk are estimation of the uncertainty in the assessment of current stock status due to measurement error, evaluation of the impacts of potential model errors on the assessment, stochastic projections incorporating estimation error and process errors to investigate the impacts of different management options, and assessment of risk using simple utility functions. At least one of these steps has been included in assessment analyses of about 20 major U.S. fisheries. All of these steps have been incorporated in the scientific advice on a few fisheries to date and should be attempted whenever possible to improve the information available to fishery managers. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP ROSENBERG, AA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02540, USA. NR 41 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2715 EP 2720 DI 10.1139/f94-271 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800009 ER PT J AU JACOX, ME AF JACOX, ME TI THE VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY LEVELS OF SMALL TRANSIENT MOLECULES ISOLATED IN NEON AND ARGON MATRICES SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; SUPERSONIC FREE-JET; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY LASER; FLUOROBENZENE RADICAL CATIONS; FLASH KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS AB Shifts in the ground-state vibrational fundamental frequencies of diatomic and small polyatomic free radicals, molecular ions, and other short-lived molecules upon trapping in neon and argon matrices are reviewed, with extensive documentation. Recent experimental and theoretical papers concerned with matrix shift phenomena are also discussed. The vibrational fundamentals of most molecules appear at somewhat lower frequencies in an argon matrix than in a neon matrix. Distributions of the matrix shifts have been obtained for stretching, hydrogen-stretching, and bending fundamentals. Neon-matrix shifts are typically smaller than argon-matrix shifts. There is a slight tendency for stretching vibrations observed in an argon matrix to lie below the gas-phase band centers. RP NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 365 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 189 IS 2 BP 149 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00143-X PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PU856 UT WOS:A1994PU85600003 ER PT J AU SHADDIX, CR HARRINGTON, JE SMYTH, KC AF SHADDIX, CR HARRINGTON, JE SMYTH, KC TI QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF ENHANCED SOOT PRODUCTION IN A FLICKERING METHANE AIR DIFFUSION FLAME SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL IRVINE, CA ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIAGNOSTICS; GROWTH AB Integrated models of soot production and oxidation are based upon experimental results obtained in steady, laminar flames. For successful application of these descriptions to turbulent combustion, it is instructive to test predictions of soot concentrations against experimental measurements obtained in time-varying flowfields. This paper reports quantitative measurements of the local soot volume fraction in a co-flowing, flickering CH4/air diffusion flame burning at atmospheric pressure. Acoustic forcing of the fuel flow rate is used to phase lock the periodic flame flicker close to the natural flicker frequency. Our measurements show that soot production is four times greater for a forcing condition in which flame tip clipping occurs, compared with a steady flame burning with the same mean fuel flow velocity. The soot field in the flickering flame has been characterized using tomographic reconstruction of extinction data obtained at 632.8 nm, laser-induced incandescence (LII) images calibrated against steady CH4/air extinction results, and vertically polarized scattering data. The LII method is found to track the soot volume fraction closely and to give better signal-to-noise than the extinction measurements in both the steady and time-varying flowfields. A Mie analysis of these results suggests that the flickering flame exhibits similar number densities but larger particle sizes than the corresponding steady flame. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 44 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 3-4 BP 723 EP 732 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90067-1 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PX970 UT WOS:A1994PX97000032 ER PT J AU STEIN, JE REICHERT, WL VARANASI, U AF STEIN, JE REICHERT, WL VARANASI, U TI MOLECULAR EPIZOOTIOLOGY - ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO GENOTOXIC COMPOUNDS IN TELEOSTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Napa Conference on Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology CY OCT 12-15, 1993 CL YOUNTVILLE, CA DE FISH; DNA ADDUCTS; P-32 POSTLABELING; MOLECULAR DOSIMETERS; PAHS ID P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; AROMATIC DNA ADDUCTS; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; WINTER FLOUNDER; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; ASSAY; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE; BENZOPYRENE AB The recent development of techniques to measure levels of carcinogens covalently bound to DNA provides the opportunity to use DNA adducts as molecular dosimeters of exposure to environmental carcinogens and mutagens. This is especially important because epizootiological studies have shown a positive association between environmental carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and increased prevalence of neoplasms and related lesions, primarily in liver, of benthic fish species from a wide range of urban and industrialized areas. In studies with wild fish and mammalian species the P-32-postlabeling assay, as developed for aromatic compounds, has been used most extensively because of its high sensitivity and ability to detect structurally uncharacterized adducts. The results to date of field and laboratory studies show that hepatic DNA adducts detected in fish are associated with increased exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic compounds in the preponderance of species examined, whereas in the limited studies with wild mammals, such a relationship is equivocal at present. The findings with fish suggest that DNA adducts, as measured by P-32-postlabeling, have the potential to be effective molecular dosimeters of exposure to environmental carcinogenic aromatic compounds and thereby may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of neoplasia in wild teleosts. RP STEIN, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 102 SU 12 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QE659 UT WOS:A1994QE65900004 PM 7713027 ER PT J AU WOLFE, DA HAMEEDI, MJ GALT, JA WATABAYASHI, G SHORT, J OCLAIRE, C RICE, S MICHEL, J PAYNE, JR BRADDOCK, J HANNA, S SALE, D AF WOLFE, DA HAMEEDI, MJ GALT, JA WATABAYASHI, G SHORT, J OCLAIRE, C RICE, S MICHEL, J PAYNE, JR BRADDOCK, J HANNA, S SALE, D TI THE FATE OF THE OIL SPILLED FROM THE EXXON-VALDEZ SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBONS; BIODEGRADATION AB Douglas Wolfe et al. have reconstructed a spatial-temporal mass balance up through the summer of 1992 for the oil spilled in Alaska's Prince William Sound. In this article, the authors present their conclusions and an overview of the observations that support their analysis. C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NOAA,AUKE BAY,AK 99821. RES PLANNING INC,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. SOUND ENVIRONM SERV INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92008. UNIV ALASKA,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. SIGMA RES CORP,CONCORD,MA 01742. SNOW OTTER CONSULTING,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. RP WOLFE, DA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENTS BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 28 IS 13 BP A560 EP A568 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PV171 UT WOS:A1994PV17100003 PM 22663575 ER PT J AU ATWOOD, DK BRATKOVICH, A GALLAGHER, M HITCHCOCK, GL AF ATWOOD, DK BRATKOVICH, A GALLAGHER, M HITCHCOCK, GL TI INTRODUCTION TO THE DEDICATED ISSUE SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,NOAA CORPS,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1007/BF02690110 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600001 ER PT J AU EADIE, BJ MCKEE, BA LANSING, MB ROBBINS, JA METZ, S TREFRY, JH AF EADIE, BJ MCKEE, BA LANSING, MB ROBBINS, JA METZ, S TREFRY, JH TI RECORDS OF NUTRIENT-ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; LAKE-ONTARIO; FOOD WEB; MEXICO; MATTER; GULF AB Shelf sediments from near the mouth of the Mississippi River were collected and analyzed to examine whether records of the consequences of anthropogenic nutrient loading are preserved. Cores representing approximately 100 yr of accumulation have increasing concentrations of organic matter over this period, indicating increased accumulation of organic carbon, rapid early diagenesis, or a combination of these processes. Stable carbon isotopes and organic tracers show that virtually all of this increase is of marine origin. Evidence from two cores near the river mouth, one within the region of chronic seasonal hypoxia and one nearby but outside the hypoxic region, indicate that changes consistent with increased productivity began by approximately the mid-1950s when the inorganic carbon in benthic forams rapidly became isotopically lighter at both stations. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the accumulation of organic matter, organic delta(13)C and delta(15)N all show large changes in a direction consistent with increased productivity. This last period coincides with a doubling of the load of nutrients from the Mississippi River, which levelled off in the mid-1980s. These data support the hypothesis that anthropogenic nutrient loading has had a significant impact on the Louisiana shelf. C1 LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM,CHAUVIN,LA 70344. FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901. RP EADIE, BJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Trefry, John/0000-0002-8451-5524 NR 58 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 14 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 754 EP 765 DI 10.2307/1352745 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600004 ER PT J AU BRATKOVICH, A DINNEL, SP GOOLSBY, DA AF BRATKOVICH, A DINNEL, SP GOOLSBY, DA TI VARIABILITY AND PREDICTION OF FRESH-WATER AND NITRATE FLUXES FOR THE LOUISIANA-TEXAS SHELF - MISSISSIPPI AND ATCHAFALAYA RIVER SOURCE FUNCTIONS SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Time histories of riverine water discharge, nitrate concentration, and nitrate flux have been analyzed for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Results indicate that water discharge variability is dominated by the annual cycle and shorter-time-scale episodic events presumably associated with snowmelt runoff and spring or summer rains. Interannual variability in water discharge is relatively small compared to the above, In contrast, nitrate concentration exhibits strongest variability at decadal time scales. The interannual variability is not monotonic but more complicated in structure. Weak covariability between water discharge and nitrate concentration leads to a relatively ''noisy'' nitrate flux signal. Nitrate flux variations exhibit a low-amplitude, long-term modulation of a dominant annual cycle. Predictor-hindcastor analyses indicate that skilled forecasts of nitrate concentration and nitrate flux fields are feasible. Water discharge was the most reliably hindcast (on seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the fundamental strength of the annual hydrologic cycle. However, the forecasting effort for this variable was less successful than the hindcasting effort, mostly due to a phase shift in the annual cycle during our relatively short test period (18 mo). Nitrate concentration was more skillfully predicted (seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the relative dominance of the decadal-scale portion of the signal. Nitrate flux was also skillfully forecast even though historical analyses seemed to indicate that it should be more difficult to predict than either water discharge or nitrate concentration. C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP BRATKOVICH, A (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 766 EP 778 DI 10.2307/1352746 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600005 ER PT J AU LOHRENZ, SE FAHNENSTIEL, GL REDALJE, DG AF LOHRENZ, SE FAHNENSTIEL, GL REDALJE, DG TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS IN COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHERN GULF-OF-MEXICO SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SIMULATED INSITU METHODS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES; PRIMARY PRODUCERS; DIEL PERIODICITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CARBON BIOMASS; GROWTH-RATES; SHORT-TERM AB On a series of eight cruises conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico, efforts were made to characterize temporal and spatial variability in parameters of the photosynthesis-irradiance saturation curve (P-max(B), alpha(B), I-k) and to relate the observed variations to environmental conditions. Experiments to examine the importance of diel variation in upper mixed layer populations were conducted in July-August 1990 and March 1991. During July-August 1990, P-max(B) and I-k showed significant increases and alpha(B) decreased during the photoperiod in both river plume and shelf-slope populations. During March 1991, no consistent covariance of P-I parameters with local time was found, although highest values of alpha(B) in the river plume were observed in early morning. Seasonal variation in P-max(B), and alpha(B) were correlated with temperture. Spatial variations of photosynthetic parameters in the upper mixed layer ranged from twofold to threefold within any given cruise. Variations of photosynthetic parameters in the upper mixed layer were related to principal components derived from environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, mixed layer depth, attenuation coefficient, and daily photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). Greater than 70% of the variation in the environmental variables could be accounted for by two principal components; the majority of this variation was associated with the first principal component, which was generally strongly correlated with salinity, nutrients, mixed layer depth, and attenuation coefficient. Correlations of P-max(B), alpha(B), and I-k with the first principal component were found to be significant in some cases, an indication that spatial variability in P-I parameters was related to river outflow. Variation of P-I parameters in relation to depth and PAR were evaluated by regressions with principal components derived from depth, temperature, and mean daily PAR. For most cruises, P-max(B), and I-k were negatively correlated with the first principal component, which was strongly positively correlated with depth and negatively correlated with daily PAR. This was consistent with a decrease in both P-max(B), and I-k with depth that could be related to decreasing daily PAR. Positive correlations of alpha(B) with the first principal component for two cruises, March 1991 and April 1992, indicated an increasing trend with depth. In conclusion, relationships between P-I parameters and environmental variables in the region of study were significant in some cases, but variation between cruises made it difficult to generalize. We attributed this variation to the physically dynamic characteristics of the region and the possible effects of variables that were not included in the analysis such as species composition. Our findings do support the view that a limited set of observations may be adequate to characterize P-I parameter distributions in a given region within a restricted period of time. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP LOHRENZ, SE (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 62 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 779 EP 795 DI 10.2307/1352747 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600006 ER PT J AU GARDNER, WS BENNER, R CHINLEO, G COTNER, JB EADIE, BJ CAVALETTO, JF LANSING, MB AF GARDNER, WS BENNER, R CHINLEO, G COTNER, JB EADIE, BJ CAVALETTO, JF LANSING, MB TI MINERALIZATION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL AND BACTERIAL DYNAMICS IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME WATER SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; COASTAL WATERS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; BOTTOM WATER; AMMONIUM; BACTERIOPLANKTON; SYSTEM; CARBON; RATES AB Net remineralization rates of organic matter and bacterial growth rates were observed in dark-bottle incubation experiments conducted in July-August and February with water samples collected from sites in the Mississippi River plume of the Gulf of Mexico. Our objectives were to measure site-specific degradation rates of labile dissolved and particulate organic matter, quantify the potential importance of bacteria in these processes, and examine the kinetics of degradation over time. Unfiltered samples, and samples treated to remove (or dilute out) particles larger than bacteria, were enclosed in 9-1 bottles and incubated in, the dark for 3-5 d. Respiration rates and inorganic compound accumulation rates were higher in summer than in winter and were highest in unfiltered surface samples at sites of intermediate salinities where phytoplankton were most abundant. The ratio of ammonium accumulation to oxygen removal in summer experiments suggested that the mineralized organic material resembled ''Redfield''' stoichiometry. Chemical fluxes were greater in bottles containing large (>1-3 mu m) particles than in the bottles with these particles removed, but bacterial activities were generally similar in both treatments. These results suggest that particle consumers were an important component of total organic matter degradation. However, these experiments may have underestimated natural bacterial degradation rates because the absence of light could affect the production of labile organic substrates by phytoplankton, In agreement, with this hypothesis, bacterial growth rates tended to decrease over time in summer in surface plume waters where phytoplankton were abundant. In conjunction with other data, our results indicate that heterotrophic processes in the water column are spatially and temporally dependent on phytoplankton production. C1 UNIV TEXAS,INST MARINE SCI,PORT ARANSAS,TX 78373. RP GARDNER, WS (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015 OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 816 EP 828 DI 10.2307/1352750 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600009 ER PT J AU REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE FAHNENSTIEL, GL AF REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE FAHNENSTIEL, GL TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND THE VERTICAL EXPORT OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER IN A RIVER-IMPACTED COASTAL ECOSYSTEM SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN; CARBON; ZOOPLANKTON; INSITU; MEXICO; ALGAE; FLUX; GULF AB As part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity program, we have conducted four research cruises, July-August 1990, March 1991, September 1991, and May 1992, in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent shelf regions. Over this time period, photic-zone-integrated primary production varied significantly in both the river plume and shelf study regions, with greatest variability observed in the river plume region. In the river plume and the adjacent shelf, highest production occurred during July-August 1990 (8.17 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 1.89-3.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf) and the lowest during March 1991 (0.40-0.69 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.12-0.45 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf). The vertical export of POC from the euphotic zone, determined with free-floating MULTITRAP sediment trap systems, also varied temporally in both study regions, with highest values occurring in May 1992 (1.80 +/- 0.04 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.40 +/- 0.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf) and the lowest values occurring during July-August 1990 (0.29 +/- 0.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.18 +/- 0.01 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf). The fraction of production exported out of the photic zone was highly variable and was dependent, in part, on phytoplankton species composition and on the grazing activities of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. The lowest ratio of export to production coincided with the time when production was greatest and the highest ratios occurred when production was the lowest. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP REDALJE, DG (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 33 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 10 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 829 EP 838 DI 10.2307/1352751 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600010 ER PT J AU TREFRY, JH METZ, S NELSEN, TA TROCINE, RP EADIE, BJ AF TREFRY, JH METZ, S NELSEN, TA TROCINE, RP EADIE, BJ TI TRANSPORT OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON BY THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS FATE IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB This study was designed to determine the amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) introduced to the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River and assess the influence of POC inputs on the development of hypoxia and burial of organic carbon on the Louisiana continental shelf. Samples of suspended sediment and supporting hydrographic data were collected from the river and >50 sites on the adjacent shelf. Suspended particles collected in the river averaged 1.8 +/- 0.3% organic carbon. Because of this uniformity, POC values (in mu mol l(-1)) correlated well with concentrations of total suspended matter. Net transport of total organic carbon by the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system averaged 0.48 X 10(12) moles y(-1) with 66% of the total organic carbon carried as POC. Concentrations of POC decreased from as high as 600 mu mol l(-1) in the river to <0.8 mu mol l(-1) in offshore waters. In contrast, the organic carbon fraction of the suspended matter increased from <2% of the total mass in the river to >35% along the shelf at greater than or equal to 10 km from the river mouth. River flow was a dominant factor in controlling particle and POC distributions; however, time-series data showed that tides and weather fronts can influence particle movement and POC concentrations. Values for apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) increased from similar to 60 mu mol l(-1) to >200 mu mol l(-1) along the shelf on approach to the region of chronic hypoxia. Short-term increases in AOU were related to transport of more particle-rich waters. Sediments buried on the shelf contained less organic carbon than incoming river particles. Organic carbon and delta(13)C values for shelf sediments indicated that large amounts of both terrigenous and marine organic carbon are being decomposed in shelf waters and sediments to fuel observed hypoxia. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP TREFRY, JH (reprint author), FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901, USA. OI Trefry, John/0000-0002-8451-5524 NR 22 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 839 EP 849 DI 10.2307/1352752 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600011 ER PT J AU NELSEN, TA BLACKWELDER, P HOOD, T MCKEE, B ROMER, N ALVAREZZARIKIAN, C METZ, S AF NELSEN, TA BLACKWELDER, P HOOD, T MCKEE, B ROMER, N ALVAREZZARIKIAN, C METZ, S TI TIME-BASED CORRELATION OF BIOGENIC, LITHOGENIC AND AUTHIGENIC SEDIMENT COMPONENTS WITH ANTHROPOGENIC INPUTS IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO - NECOP STUDY AREA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; EXPORT; SHELF AB Hypotheses related to variability in seasonal hypoxic conditions, coastal nutrient enhancement, and offshelf transport of carbon on the Louisiana continental shelf were tested by characterization of biogenic, lithogenic, and authigenic components from two shelf and one Mississippi Canyon sediment cores. The authigenic-phase glauconite occurs above detection limits only in the core from the hypoxic area. A major increase in glauconite concentration was coincident with the onset (similar to 1940) of the increased use of commercial fertilizers in the United States. In the same hypoxic-area core, benthic foraminifera species diversity decreases upcore from approximately the turn of the century to the present in a manner concurrent with glauconite and fertilizer increases. A subset of opportunistic benthic foraminifera species, known to become more prominent in stressed environments (i.e., hypoxic), increased upcore from similar to 52% of the total population at core bottom to similar to 90% at core top. These benthic foraminifera population and diversity changes were not apparent in a ''control'' core outside the area of documented hypoxia. Seaward of the shelf, in the Mississippi Canyon, coincident increases in sediment accumulation rate, percentages of coarse fraction and of organc carbon at core top indicate increased offshelf transport of carbon and other components. Quartz percentages indicate that episodic down-canyon transport has been active to core bottom (prior to the mid 1800s). C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS,MIAMI,FL 33149. LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM,CHAUVIN,LA 70344. FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901. RP NELSEN, TA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,4301 RICKENBACHER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.2307/1352755 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600014 ER PT J AU HENDEE, JC AF HENDEE, JC TI DATA MANAGEMENT FOR THE NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article RP HENDEE, JC (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV ORGAN CHEM,4301 RICHENBACHER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010 OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 900 EP 903 DI 10.2307/1352757 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QJ256 UT WOS:A1994QJ25600016 ER PT J AU MANG, JT KUMAR, S HAMMOUDA, B AF MANG, JT KUMAR, S HAMMOUDA, B TI DISCOTIC MICELLAR NEMATIC AND LAMELLAR PHASES UNDER SHEAR-FLOW SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; STEADY-STATE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; SURFACTANT; SELECTION; ALIGNMENT; BEHAVIOR; FLUIDS AB Small-angle neutron scattering was employed to study the effect of shear flow on the nematic (N) and lamellar (L(alpha)) phases in aqueous solutions of cesium perfluoro-octanoate. Shear rates as high as similar to 4000 s(-1) were used. The N phase was found to align with the director in the direction of the gradient velocity. The L, phase oriented with lamellae parallel to the shear plane. This change in equilibrium orientation is attributed, primarily, to changes in the value of the Ericksen viscosity parameter at. Subtle shear-rate-dependent director reorientations were also observed in the proximity of the N-to-L(alpha) phase transition. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MANG, JT (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KENT,OH 44242, USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 28 IS 7 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/28/7/006 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PW040 UT WOS:A1994PW04000006 ER PT J AU ZHOU, MY CHEN, Z HUANG, RH WANG, QM ARIMOTO, R PARUNGO, F LENSCHOW, D OKADA, K WU, PM AF ZHOU, MY CHEN, Z HUANG, RH WANG, QM ARIMOTO, R PARUNGO, F LENSCHOW, D OKADA, K WU, PM TI EFFECTS OF 2 DUST STORMS ON SOLAR-RADIATION IN THE BEIJING-TIANJIN AREA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE-ELEMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; SAHARAN DUST; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; ASIA AB AVHRR albedo data obtained from the NOAA-11 satellite and chemical data for aerosol particle samples collected in Beijing were interpreted together with meteorological data to study the radiative effects of Asian dust. Compared with the clear-sky background, the albedo values for the Beijing area during two dust storms in April 1993 increased by 20 to 125%; the direct solar radiation flux at the surface decreased; and the scattered radiation flux at the surface increased. The total solar radiation flux at the ground during the two dust storms decreased by 40% and 10% respectively. Furthermore, the extent of the changes was related to the strength of the dust storms. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite data to study the radiative forcing of dust storms. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. METEOROL RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP ZHOU, MY (reprint author), STATE OCEAN ADM,NATL RES CTR MARINE ENVIRONM FORECASTS,8 DA HIU SI,HAI DIAN DIV,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 24 BP 2697 EP 2700 DI 10.1029/94GL02585 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PV803 UT WOS:A1994PV80300022 ER PT J AU MCCALLUM, DS CARTWRIGHT, AN SMIRL, AL TSENG, WF PELLEGRINO, JG COMAS, J AF MCCALLUM, DS CARTWRIGHT, AN SMIRL, AL TSENG, WF PELLEGRINO, JG COMAS, J TI SCALING OF THE NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CROSS-SECTIONS OF GAAS-ALGAAS MULTIPLE-QUANTUM-WELL HETERO N-I-P-IS SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFECT DEVICE; DOPING SUPERLATTICES; MODULATOR; ELECTROABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; REFRACTION; PHOTONICS AB We study the dependence of the Stark shift optical nonlinearity of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum-well hetero n-i-p-i's on the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region in otherwise identical hetero n-i-p-i's, We determine that sigma(eh), the nonlinear absorption cross section, is proportional to the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region, A study of the fluence dependence of sigma(eh), shows that the saturation carrier density is inversely proportional to the number of wells per intrinsic region, We find that the turn-on time of the nonlinear absorption change in our samples is independent of the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region, All of these results are consistent with the absence of retrapping of photogenerated carriers, C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MCCALLUM, DS (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,PHOTON & QUANTUM ELECTR LAB,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2790 EP 2797 DI 10.1109/3.362731 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA QC405 UT WOS:A1994QC40500008 ER PT J AU VAMPOLA, AL LAURIENTE, M WILKINSON, DC ALLEN, J ALBIN, F AF VAMPOLA, AL LAURIENTE, M WILKINSON, DC ALLEN, J ALBIN, F TI SINGLE EVENT UPSETS CORRELATED WITH ENVIRONMENT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Annual Conference on Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects (NSREC 94) CY JUL 18-22, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE AB Single Event Upset rates on satellites in different Earth orbits are correlated with solar protons and geomagnetic activity and also with the NASA AP8 proton model to extract information about satellite anomalies caused by the space environment. An extensive discussion of the SEU data base from the TOMS solid state recorder and an algorithm for correcting spontaneous upsets in it are included as an Appendix, SAMPEX and TOMS, which have the same memory chips, have similar normalized responses in the South Atlantic Anomaly, SEU rates due to solar protons over the polar caps are within expectations. No geomagnetic activity effects can be discerned in the SEU rates. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP VAMPOLA, AL (reprint author), UNIV GREENBELT,RES FDN,6411 IVY LANE,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2383 EP 2388 DI 10.1109/23.340591 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA PZ157 UT WOS:A1994PZ15700080 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDERMAN, H NASHMAN, M AF SCHNEIDERMAN, H NASHMAN, M TI A DISCRIMINATING FEATURE TRACKER FOR VISION-BASED AUTONOMOUS DRIVING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Note AB A new vision-based technique for autonomous driving is described. This approach explicitly addresses and compensates for two forms of uncertainty: uncertainty about changes in road direction and uncertainty in the measurements of the road derived in each image. Autonomous driving has been demonstrated on both local roads and highways at speeds up to 100 km/h. The algorithm has performed well in the presence of non-ideal road conditions including gaps in the lane markers, sharp curves, shadows, cracks in the pavement, and wet roads. It has also performed well in rain, dusk, and nighttime driving with headlights. C1 NIST,DIV INTELLIGENT SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SCHNEIDERMAN, H (reprint author), CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,INST ROBOT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1042-296X J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 6 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1109/70.338531 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA PY303 UT WOS:A1994PY30300005 ER PT J AU IGNATOV, AM DERGILEVA, IL AF IGNATOV, AM DERGILEVA, IL TI ANGULAR EFFECT IN DUAL-WINDOW AVHRR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OVER OCEANS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Note ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR/2 on NOAA satellites measures brightness temperatures (BT) at different viewing angles. We propose a statistical method to assess the amplitude of the angular effect in both the original BT's under cloud-free conditions and the estimated sea surface temperature (SST). The method is applied to the Analogue Picture Transmission BT's in AVHRR/2 Channels 3 (3.7 mu m) and 4 (10.8 mu m). We analyse two independent data sets collected over the same target in tropical Atlantic in June 1987 and December 1988 from NOAA-10 and NOAA-11, respectively. C1 MARINE HYDROPHYS INST,SEVASTOPOL 335005,UKRAINE. RP IGNATOV, AM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 18 BP 3845 EP 3850 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PZ447 UT WOS:A1994PZ44700016 ER PT J AU VECCHIA, DF SPLETT, JD AF VECCHIA, DF SPLETT, JD TI OUTLIER-RESISTANT METHODS FOR ESTIMATION AND MODEL-FITTING SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ROBUST ESTIMATION; OUTLIERS; LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARES; M-ESTIMATORS; L-ESTIMATORS; R-ESTIMATORS; LEAST SQUARES; OUTLIER DETECTION AB Least squares is perhaps the most widely used technique for model fitting. In this article, we illustrate the poor performance of least squares when there are spurious values, or outliers, in a sequence of measurements. A brief overview of three well-known classes of robust alternatives to the least-squares mean is presented. For robust regression, a recent proposal called least median of squares (LMS) is described. LMS regression is compared to least-squares regression in an example involving the estimation of optical fiber geometry. References are provided for software that is available for robust estimation techniques surveyed in this article. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 33 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1016/0019-0578(94)90024-8 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QC396 UT WOS:A1994QC39600011 ER PT J AU MASUR, LJ PODTBURG, ER CRAVEN, CA OTTO, A WANG, ZL KROEGER, DM AF MASUR, LJ PODTBURG, ER CRAVEN, CA OTTO, A WANG, ZL KROEGER, DM TI ADVANCES IN THE PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF YBA2CU4O8 SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WIRES AB High-filament-count, silver-sheathed composite wires of YBa2Cu4O8 were prepared by a metallic precursor route. The ductility of the metallic precursor enabled the manufacture of tapes containing up to 962,407 filaments, with filament dimensions as fine as 0.25 mu m thick and 1 mu m wide. The combination of thermal-mechanical treatment and fine filament dimensions resulted in significant biaxial crystallographic texture. Transport critical current densities in the oxide filaments rts of 69.5 kA/cm(2) at 4.2 K in self-field with reduced weak-link behavior in an applied field were obtained. Critical current retention during bending was shown to increase as filament count increased, with the highest filament-count mate ria I showing close to one percent critical bending strain. These wires exhibited some of the best properties for a polycrystalline, sintered wire of YBCO in an applied magnetic field. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP MASUR, LJ (reprint author), AMER SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,RES & DEV,2 TECHNOL DR,WESTBOROUGH,MA 01581, USA. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 46 IS 12 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA QU356 UT WOS:A1994QU35600007 ER PT J AU SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS KARIM, A SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF AF SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS KARIM, A SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF TI SURFACE SEGREGATION IN MODEL SYMMETRICAL POLYOLEFIN DIBLOCK COPOLYMER MELTS SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE II LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; UNPERTURBED DIMENSIONS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; THERMODYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMER; POLY(ETHYLETHYLENE); INTERFERENCE; TRANSITION AB Surface segregation in thin films of model symmetric polyolefin diblock copolymers exhibiting a lamellar morphology has been investigated. Films were spin coated on a variety of substrates and the resulting microstructure analyzed using neutron reflection, X-ray reflection, ellipsometry, light microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Each of the block copolymers is sufficiently close to the order-disorder transition (ODT) so that the composition profile within the lamellar domains can be represented by a nearly sinusoidal function. In all cases, the same block was found to enrich both the polymer/solid and the polymer/air interfaces, even when the surface energy of the solid substrate was higher than that of either block of the copolymer. These results cannot be reconciled with preferential enrichment based solely on the difference in the dispersive surface tension between blocks. In all instances, we find that the conformationally smaller block is the surface-active one. We propose that an entropic driving force, attributable to conformational asymmetry, plays an important role in the near-surface behavior of block copolymer melts. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP SIKKA, M (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,421 WASHINGTON AVE SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4312 J9 J PHYS II JI J. Phys. II PD DEC PY 1994 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2231 EP 2248 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Mechanics; Physics GA PW103 UT WOS:A1994PW10300010 ER PT J AU COLE, KD COUSIN, SL AF COLE, KD COUSIN, SL TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SOYBEAN PROTEINS AND ISOFLAVONES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN PROTEINS; ISOFLAVONES; AQUEOUS 2-PHASE EXTRACTION ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CONGLYCININ; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION AB High-performance size exclusion chromatography was used to separate soybean extracts. The separation of the major storage proteins, including glycinin and beta-conglycinin, was determined by analysis of the subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, The extracts of defatted flour and whole beans showed a high degree of polymerization of the storage proteins. Addition of a disulfide reducing agent (dithiothreitol) resulted in a decrease of the polymerized forms. The separation of the major glucoside isoflavones (genistin, daidzin, and glycitein 7-beta-glucoside) was determined. The isoflavone glucosides eluted well past the elution time of a: small totally included molecule, indicating that they are separating by mechanisms other than size exclusion. Size exclusion chromatography was used to monitor the separation of the soybean extract in an aqueous two-phase extraction system. The major storage proteins partitioned to the salt phase, and the isoflavones and other hydrophobic compounds partitioned to the poly(ethylene glycol) phase. RP COLE, KD (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2713 EP 2720 DI 10.1021/jf00048a013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100013 ER PT J AU BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ FASSETT, JD AF BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ FASSETT, JD TI SAMPLE PREPARATION APPROACHES FOR ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRIC CERTIFICATION OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ISOTOPE DILUTION; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE PREPARATION; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; RATIO MEASUREMENT ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; COUNTING DETECTION; REDUCTION; COPPER AB Ratio measurements can be made by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with precisions approaching 0.1-0.2% relative standard deviation, under carefully controlled conditions. This capability is well suited to isotope dilution quantification, since quantitative data are based solely on ratio measurements. Conversion of the precision of isotopic ratio measurements to accuracy requires attention to both the operation of the ICP mass spectrometer and to the sample preparation procedures. The concentration of Mg, Cd, Mo and Pb were determined in synthetic samples with average precision and accuracy of < 0.15%. Although more extensive chemistry was required, analytical precision was better than 0.15% for Cu and Cd in zinc ore and for Cu and Mo in domestic sludge. RP BEARY, ES (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1363 EP 1369 DI 10.1039/ja9940901363 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA PY149 UT WOS:A1994PY14900008 ER PT J AU ALLEN, AJ BERK, NF AF ALLEN, AJ BERK, NF TI ANALYSIS OF SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING DATA DOMINATED BY MULTIPLE-SCATTERING FOR SYSTEMS CONTAINING ECCENTRICALLY SHAPED PARTICLES OR PORES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALUMINA; DENSIFICATION; CERAMICS AB A previously developed formalism to interpret the beam broadening due to multiple small-angle scattering of a collimated beam of radiation in condenses matter is extended to treat the case of nonspherical scattering particles or pores. The new formalism concerns the situation where coherent single-particle scattering is incoherently, or stochastically, compounded by a random system of spheroidal particles, of any given mean aspect ratio, in a uniform matrix. By appropriate transformation of axes to reflect a spheroidal particle symmetry, Bethe's analysis of scattering when the sample thickness greatly exceeds the scattering mean free path is combined with the dynamical analysis of single-particle scattering to model the beam broadening arising from a system containing nonspherical scattering objects. For the range of experimental parameters used in practical small-angle scattering studies of technological materials such as porous ceramics, it is shown that, while the previous formulation suffices for spheres, globules and even short capillary pores, the variation in beam broadening as a function of incident wavelength exhibits distinguishable signatures for systems in which a collapsed planar or extreme capillary morphology predominates. C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ALLEN, AJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 27 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.1107/S0021889894004097 PN 6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA PW307 UT WOS:A1994PW30700003 ER PT J AU MILDNER, DFR CHEN, H AF MILDNER, DFR CHEN, H TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A POLYCAPILLARY NEUTRON LENS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY OPTICS AB Materials-analysis measurements that employ neutron-absorption techniques may benefit from cold neutrons that may be focused using a lens consisting of polycapillary fibers. An expression is derived for the intensity gain and the size of the beam along the beam path, including that at the focus, and a criterion is developed for the depth of focus. The gain in intensity at the focus depends not only on the design parameters of the lens but also on the divergence and wavelength of the incident beam. This analysis is applied to the two neutron lenses that have previously been tested. RP MILDNER, DFR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 27 BP 943 EP 949 DI 10.1107/S0021889894005406 PN 6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA PW307 UT WOS:A1994PW30700010 ER PT J AU ROBINS, LH KAISER, DL ROTTER, LD SCHENCK, PK STAUF, GT RYTZ, D AF ROBINS, LH KAISER, DL ROTTER, LD SCHENCK, PK STAUF, GT RYTZ, D TI INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF BARIUM-TITANATE THIN-FILMS BY RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 ADV TECHNOL MAT INC,DANBURY,CT 06810. SANDOZ HUNINGUE SA,F-68330 HUNINGUE,FRANCE. RP ROBINS, LH (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 11 BP 7487 EP 7498 DI 10.1063/1.357978 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PU818 UT WOS:A1994PU81800048 ER PT J AU BARNES, SL AF BARNES, SL TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .1. EFFECTS OF UNDERSAMPLING, WAVE POSITION, AND STATION RANDOMNESS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An empirical approach is employed to investigate the accuracy of the Barnes successive corrections objective analysis scheme for discrete samples obtained from a simple sinusoidal function in a two-dimensional domain. Mean absolute error at grid points (MAEG) is the accuracy statistic, and uniform sampling arrays define achievable accuracy. Analysis accuracy as a function of number of samples per wavelength is considered for three arrays of different uniform density. Weight function scale-length parameter (alpha, the denominator in the exponential Gaussian weight function) is varied over a range of values, and an error-minimizing alpha is found to exist in each case. The value of this alpha depends on the number of correction passes being performed, on the density of observations, and for marginally sampled waves, on the phase relationship of the underlying function to the observations. Using a pseudorandomizing process to displace station locations away from uniformity by increasing amounts, it is found that sampling arrays take on a quasi-random character when stations are displaced by 70%-100% of their spacing in an equivalent uniform array. As other authors have found, irregularity of station locations and station clustering are found to have detrimental effects on analysis accuracy. However, a notable economy is discovered: the accuracy achieved from sparse, but uniformly arrayed, observations is greater than that obtained from more than three times as many observations, guasi-randomly arrayed. On average, the MAEG for 77 quasi-randomly arrayed stations is 140% larger than when sampling is by 23 uniformly spaced stations. Some irregular dense arrays produce MAEG that are nearly 40% of the sinusoid's amplitude. Considering these results, a general strategy is suggested for selecting appropriate weight function parameters that can minimize analysis errors. RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-FS1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1448 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1433:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QA658 UT WOS:A1994QA65800001 ER PT J AU BARNES, SL AF BARNES, SL TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .2. IMPROVING DERIVATIVE ESTIMATES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two recently published objective analysis schemes improve derivative estimates obtained from observed field variables. Achtemeier proposed a hybrid successive-correction scheme that uses a very low pass Gaussian weight function on the first pass through the observations, followed by two correction passes with a higher-pass,fixed-weight function. His experiments demonstrated better separation of short, but resolvable, wavelengths from noise components than does the widely used two-pass Barnes scheme. Both schemes produce derivative estimates using conventional second-order finite-difference formulas. The generality of Achtemeier's improvement over two-pass schemes is demonstrated in an experiment similar to that designed by Achtemeier. It is found that the amount of improvement diminishes the closer the two-pass convergence parameter is to 1. Considering other three-pass scheme designs, it is found that Achtemeier's is not necessarily the ''best'' design. A three-pass ''fixed'' scheme that uses but one weight function yields greater improvement, and implies that an even larger number of passes might separate signal from ''noise'' even more efficiently. Caracena recast successive corrections objective analysis schemes asa matrix problem in which observations are operated upon in a single pass by an effective weight function that represents the combined effect of multiple passes through the data. This so-called analytic approximation scheme produces not only the distribution of the field variable, but the distribution of its first- and higher-order derivatives as well, without resorting to finite-difference approximations. One version of the scheme produces an exact analytic approximation that is equivalent to an infinite number of successive correction passes. A demonstration of the exact scheme shows that it reproduces with very high accuracy all wavelengths of an analytic function down to the station Nyquist interval, and its first three derivatives as well. For practical applications, it is seldom wise to retain waves near the Nyquist interval because of analysis errors due to boundary effects, observational errors, and irregular spacing of observations. Another version of Caracena's scheme, equivalent to a four-pass traditional scheme, is applied to a relatively dense uniform array of observations containing Nyquist-scale ''errors.'' Under these conditions, this version has the ability to completely suppress the Nyquist wavelength, while passing essentially 100% of resolvable waves and their derivatives up to third order. In this regard, it is comparable to, but more accurate than, the best result obtainable using a four-pass Barnes scheme. The general applicability of Caracena's approach is limited only by computation time (it took twice as long in these tests), and by possible peculiarities in real station distributions that could produce ill-defined matrices. RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-FS1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1458 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1449:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QA658 UT WOS:A1994QA65800002 ER PT J AU BARNES, SL AF BARNES, SL TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .3. TUNING FOR MINIMUM ERROR SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Procedures for tuning a successive corrections objective analysis scheme, described in Part I, are applied to the array of North American rawinsonde stations. Tuning is investigated for three types of Barnes schemes (two-, three-, and four-pass schemes) and for an equivalent four-pass scheme developed by Caracena. Each of the schemes uses an iteration parameter equal to 1, and each considers the influence of all observations within at least 2500 km of the interpolation point. Analysis accuracy is investigated for ''errorless observations'' of a simulated 300-mb height field containing a Rossby-scale wave with one of its ridges amplified to produce an asymmetric distribution of the height gradient across a circular region of locally lower heights representing a synoptic-scale low. Root-mean-square errors are evaluated at grid points for analyses of pressure height, height gradient, and the Laplacian of height over a range of values for the weight function's scale-length parameter alpha. Because the analyses are sensitive to errors caused by the discrete, slightly irregular sampling array, rms errors for these height analyses cannot be reduced to less than about 6 m using four-pass schemes, and to about 10 m using a two-pass scheme. In each of the schemes, it is found that the value of alpha that produces minimum error is different for each of the analyzed variables. The range of this difference is less for three- and four-pass schemes than for the traditional two-pass scheme, and the variation of errors across these ranges is also less in the former than the latter, thus making the three- and four-pass schemes easier to tune. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that even the two-pass results having least analysis error require application of postanalysis numerical filters to achieve reasonable derivative results, whereas error-minimizing three- and four-pass results do not. Effects of pseudorandom observation errors (maximum +/-20 m) on three-pass analysis accuracy are studied in two independent tests, each having an 11-m standard deviation in the errors applied. It is found that the distribution of random errors can affect the value of error-minimizing alpha in unpredictable ways, and in one test, the magnitude of the minimum achievable error increased by 41% over that resulting with errorless observations. Even so, the distribution of analysis errors, although distorted with respect to the distributions achieved with errorless observations, are not unreasonably different from the latter. It:is concluded that three- or four-pass schemes are inherently better than the two-pass scheme, especially for analysis of derivatives, and that tuning the weight function's scale-length parameter should be accomplished on the basis of errorless observations by selecting the value of or that produces minimum error in the gradient of the variable being analyzed. RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,MAIL CODE R-E-FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1459 EP 1479 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1459:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QA658 UT WOS:A1994QA65800003 ER PT J AU DADMUN, MD MUTHUKUMAR, M AF DADMUN, MD MUTHUKUMAR, M TI EFFECT OF AN ADSORBING SURFACE ON THE PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF A CONFINED SEMIFLEXIBLE LIQUID-CRYSTAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC TRANSITION; ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; BOUNDARY; LATTICE; FILMS C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,MAT RES LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 11 BP 10038 EP 10044 DI 10.1063/1.467992 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PV956 UT WOS:A1994PV95600096 ER PT J AU WYLIE, DP MENZEL, WP WOOLF, HM STRABALA, KI AF WYLIE, DP MENZEL, WP WOOLF, HM STRABALA, KI TI 4 YEARS OF GLOBAL CIRRUS CLOUD STATISTICS USING HIRS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUNDER DATA; AVHRR DATA; RETRIEVAL; RADIATION; LAYER; VAS AB Trends in global upper-tropospheric transmissive cirrus cloud cover are beginning to emerge from a four-year cloud climatology using NOAA polar-orbiting High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder(HIRS) multispectral data. Cloud occurrence, height, and effective emissivity are determined with the CO2 slicing technique on the four years of data (June 1989-May 1993). There is a global preponderance of transmissive high clouds, 42% on the average; about three-fourths of these are above 500 hPa and presumed to be cirrus. In the ITCZ, a high frequency of cirrus (greater than 50%) is found at all times; a modest seasonal movement tracks the sun. Large seasonal changes in cloud cover occur over the oceans in the storm belts at midlatitudes; the concentrations of these clouds migrate north and south with the seasons following the progressions of the subtropical highs (anticyclones). More cirrus is found in the summer than in the winter in each hemisphere. A significant change in cirrus cloud cover occurs in 1991, the third year of the study. Cirrus observations increase from 35% to 43% of the data, a change of eight percentage points. Other cloud forms, opaque to terrestrial radiation, decrease by nearly the same amount. Most of the increase is thinner cirrus with infrared optical depths below 0.7. The increase in cirrus happens at the same time as the 1991-92 Fl Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The cirrus changes occur at the start of the ENSO and persist into 1993 in contrast to other climatic indicators that return to near pre-ENSO and volcanic levels in 1993. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE APPLICAT LAB,MADISON,WI. RP WYLIE, DP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 30 TC 197 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1972 EP 1986 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1972:FYOGCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QC226 UT WOS:A1994QC22600012 ER PT J AU SAHA, K VANDENDOOL, H SAHA, S AF SAHA, K VANDENDOOL, H SAHA, S TI ON THE ANNUAL CYCLE IN SURFACE PRESSURE ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU COMPARED TO ITS SURROUNDINGS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Note AB The authors have investigated the climatological annual cycle in surface pressure on the Tibetan Plateau in relation to the annual cycle in surface pressure at the lower surroundings (India and China). It is found that surface pressure on the plateau is low (high) when the surrounding Asian continent has high (low) pressure. This out-of-phase relationship is evident in the NMC analyses and in long runs made with the NMC's global model. The authors have also found a few station observations on the plateau that have partially confirmed these opposing annual cycles in surface pressure. The authors believe this contrast to be real and operative over other parts of the globe as well. Near mean sea level, the surface pressure is low (high) when the temperature is high (low)(relative to its surroundings). At higher elevations, pressure is low (high) when temperatures are low (high). Also, in the datasets studied, the authors found no evidence for a thermal low on top of the plateau in summer. C1 NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,PREDICT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2014 EP 2019 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<2014:OTACIS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QC226 UT WOS:A1994QC22600016 ER PT J AU STEWART, TR LUSK, CM AF STEWART, TR LUSK, CM TI 7 COMPONENTS OF JUDGMENTAL FORECASTING SKILL - IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF FORECASTS SO JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE JUDGMENTAL FORECASTING; BRIER SKILL SCORE; LENS MODEL EQUATION; BIAS; RELIABILITY ID LENS MODEL EQUATION; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; COGNITIVE FEEDBACK; CLINICAL METHODS; DECISION-MAKING; LINEAR-MODELS; INFORMATION; TASKS; DECOMPOSITION; RELIABILITY AB A decomposition of the Brier skill scores shows that the performance of judgmental forecasts depends on seven components: environmental predictability, fidelity of the information system, match between environment and forecaster, reliability of information acquisition, reliability of information processing, conditional bias, and unconditional bias. These components provide a framework for research on the forecasting process. Selected literature addressing each component is reviewed, and implications for improving judgmental forecasting are discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR RES JUDGMENT & POLICY,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP STEWART, TR (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY,CTR POLICY RES,MILNE 300,ALBANY,NY 12222, USA. NR 74 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6693 J9 J FORECASTING JI J. Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 7 BP 579 EP 599 DI 10.1002/for.3980130703 PG 21 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA QF666 UT WOS:A1994QF66600002 ER PT J AU MARTIN, RF SPEISER, TW KLAMCZYNSKI, K AF MARTIN, RF SPEISER, TW KLAMCZYNSKI, K TI EFFECT OF B-Y ON NEUTRAL LINE RIDGES AND DYNAMICAL SOURCE ORDERING SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-TAIL CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; CURRENT SHEET; DISTANT TAIL; MAGNETOTAIL; DISTRIBUTIONS; INSTABILITY; PLASMASHEET; SIGNATURE; COMPONENT AB In this paper we study the effect of a uniform magnetic field B-y in the cross-tail y direction on the dynamics and distribution function of energetic ions in a current sheet model including a neutral line. Martin and Speiser (1988) have previously shown that a ''ridge'' in the velocity space distribution function is a remote neutral line signature in a two-dimensional field without B-y. Our results show that as B-y is increased, using nominal tail parameters, there is very little change in the ridge signature for small B-y (up to about 4 times B-z). For intermediate values (up to about 10 times B-z) the ridge becomes observable further from the neutral line, while close to the X line the ridge is strongly modified. For large B-y (of the order of B-x) the ridge evolves into new neutral line signatures which depend strongly on whether the observation point is above or below the current sheet. These results are used to estimate B-y < 2 nT in the AMPTE/IRM event modeled by Speiser and Martin (1994), which is consistent with onboard magnetometer measurements. We further show that the cause of the new structures appearing at large B-y is the same source separation effect that produced the original ridge and that all these signatures ate relatively insensitive to a small parallel electric field. Finally, we point out a dynamical ordering which occurs at large B-y: Using high-resolution simulations, we find a common boundary separating regions of positive and negative initial x, y, and z position, as well as initial pitch angle. This boundary is purely dynamical in nature and is independent of modeled source distributions. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MARTIN, RF (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMPUS BOX 4560,NORMAL,IL 61790, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 99 IS A12 BP 23623 EP 23638 DI 10.1029/94JA01770 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PV624 UT WOS:A1994PV62400039 ER PT J AU PRONI, JR HUANG, H DAMMANN, WP AF PRONI, JR HUANG, H DAMMANN, WP TI INITIAL DILUTION OF SOUTHEAST FLORIDA OCEAN OUTFALLS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED WASTEFIELD AB Initial dilutions of four ocean outfalls (the Miami-Central, Miami-North, Hollywood, and Broward outfalls) on the east coast of South Florida were determined from dye and salinity studies. In the dye studies, continuous injections of the red dye Rhodamine-WT into effluent were conducted; dye concentrations were measured using a deck-mounted fluorometer with a ship-towed sampler and from grab water samples. In the salinity studies, temperature and conductivity were measured using a towed conductivity-temperature-depth device (CTD); salinity deficit was taken as a tracer to determine initial dilution. Results show that initial dilutions determined from both methods are consistent. Data for initial dilution and for environmental and effluent parameters are interpreted using the dimensional analysis method. A comparison is made between the present data and data from previous studies. Data for Hollywood and Broward outfalls (single-port discharges) are consistent with previous data. Data for Miami-Central and Miami-North outfalls (multiport diffuser discharges) are not consistent with data for single-port discharges. A value of C-1 = 0.15 for the asymptotic solution for the buoyancy-dominated nearfield is suggested. C1 ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,RES ASSOC,MIAMI,FL. RP PRONI, JR (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OC ACOUST,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 12 BP 1409 EP 1425 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:12(1409) PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA PT784 UT WOS:A1994PT78400005 ER PT J AU BENDERSKY, LA BIANCANIELLO, FS WILLIAMS, ME AF BENDERSKY, LA BIANCANIELLO, FS WILLIAMS, ME TI EVOLUTION OF THE 2-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE L12+DO22 IN NEAR-EUTECTOID NI3(AL,V) ALLOY SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COHERENT; CO AB Transmission electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction methods have been used to investigate the evolution of two-phase (L1(2) + DO22) microstructures from the quenched fcc phase of the Ni-5Al-20V (at.%) alloy. The microstructure after annealing in a temperature range from 650 to 900-degrees-C differs from the eutectoid structure which might be expected for the alloy according to the eutectoid-type phase diagram of the Ni3Al-Ni3V section. This structure results from fast kinetics of ordering in the fcc --> L1(2) and fcc --> DO22 phase transitions. Four main stages in the microstructural evolution were observed. Stage I is the formation of spheroidal coherent L1(2) clusters in a disordered fcc matrix. During stage II the L1(2) clusters transform into cuboidal precipitates, and the fcc matrix orders into three DO22 variants (which may have interfaces that are wetted by thin fcc layers). In stage II accommodation of misfit (elastic energy) between different phases and variants occurs by formation of (110) twins or a single variant of the DO22 phase and tetragonally strained lamellae of the L1(2) phase. Stage IV is a discontinuous coarsening process in which a coarse incoherent two-phase structure replaces the fine coherent one. Grains of the coarse structure are nucleated on high-angle boundaries of primary fcc or other surfaces. Many of the grains are found twinned. RP BENDERSKY, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3068 EP 3082 DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.3068 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA PW305 UT WOS:A1994PW30500008 ER PT J AU LEWENSTEIN, M AF LEWENSTEIN, M TI QUANTUM PERCEPTRONS SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURING-MACHINES; MECHANICAL COMPUTERS; BELL INEQUALITIES; SQUEEZED STATES; CRYPTOGRAPHY; COMPUTATION; MODELS; REVERSIBILITY; THEOREM AB I formulate a statistical theory of quantum perceptrons, i.e. ideal quantum computing elements that process input states into output states through unitary transforms. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZ TEORETYCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP LEWENSTEIN, M (reprint author), CENS,SERV PHOTONS ATOMES & MOLEC,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2491 EP 2501 DI 10.1080/09500349414552331 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA QD473 UT WOS:A1994QD47300024 ER PT J AU DAX, A WELLS, JS HOLLBERG, L MAKI, AG URBAN, W AF DAX, A WELLS, JS HOLLBERG, L MAKI, AG URBAN, W TI SUB-DOPPLER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS ON OCS AT 87 THZ (3.4-MU-M) WITH THE CO OVERTONE LASER SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID FREE POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONYL SULFIDE; HETERODYNE; CM-1; BAND; DELTA-UPSILON=2; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; LINES AB Sub-Doppler frequency measurements have been made on three transitions of OCS in the 87-THz region (near 2900 cm(-1)). The CO overtone laser was used as the saturating laser. Polarization spectroscopic techniques utilizing optical heterodyne detection were used to observe the features and subsequently provide the discriminant for locking the overtone laser to the OCS transitions. A CO2 laser synthesizer was used to measure the frequency of the CO overtone laser and thereby measure the frequencies of the OCS lines. The resulting frequencies of the three new measurements are: 10(0)1-00(0)0 P(27), 87 117 278.496(50) MHz; 11(1f)1-01(1f)0 R(14), 87 222 001.143(70) MHz for OCS; and for the (OCS)-S-34 10(0)1-00(0)0 P(9), 87 010 586.667(75) MHz, where the numbers in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. These new numbers have been fitted along with more than 5700 other data points in our OCS data bank and improved constants have been obtained. These latest constants are used to calculate updated calibration tables containing values with much smaller uncertainties; three such tables are included. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV BONN,INST ANGEW PHYS,D-53115 BONN,GERMANY. RP DAX, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 168 IS 2 BP 416 EP 428 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1290 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA PU608 UT WOS:A1994PU60800020 ER PT J AU LIU, ZG PHILANDER, SGH PACANOWSKI, RC AF LIU, ZG PHILANDER, SGH PACANOWSKI, RC TI A GCM STUDY OF TROPICAL-SUBTROPICAL UPPER-OCEAN WATER EXCHANGE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; TRITIUM AB Experiments with an oceanic general circulation model indicate that the tropical and subtropical oceanic circulations are linked in three ways. Far from coasts in the oceanic interior, equatorial surface waters flow poleward to the southern part of the subtropical gyre, and then are subducted and returned in the thermocline to the upper part of the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. There is, in addition, a surface western boundary current that carries waters from the equatorial region to the northern part of the subtropical gyre. After subduction, that water reaches the equator by means of a subsurface western boundary current and provides a substantial part (2/3 approximately) of the initial transport of the Equatorial Undercurrent. The eastward flow in the Equatorial Undercurrent is part of an intense equatorial cell in which water rises to the surface at the equator, drifts westward and poleward, then sinks near 30 latitude to flow equatorward where it rejoins the undercurrent. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,VISITING SCIENTIST PROGRAM,UCAR,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 22 TC 145 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2606 EP 2623 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<2606:AGSOTU>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QA670 UT WOS:A1994QA67000011 ER PT J AU MURTHY, NS ORTS, WJ AF MURTHY, NS ORTS, WJ TI HYDRATION IN SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS - SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF DRAWING IN NYLON-6 FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE HYDRATION; DRAW RATIO; NYLON FIBERS; INTERLAMELLAR REGIONS; INTERFIBRILLAR SPACES ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER; MOISTURE; MODULUS AB Water absorbed by nylons appears to be partitioned into interlamellar and interfibrillar spaces. The amount of water in the interfibrillar region remains essentially unchanged with increasing draw ratio, whereas that in the interlamellar regions decreases with draw ratio; the latter accounts for the decrease in the water uptake in the drawn fibers. These results suggest that the amount of the amorphous material in the interfibrillar regions remains unchanged during drawing, and the increase in the crystallinity during drawing results from the incorporation of the amorphous chain segments in the interlamellar regions into the crystalline lamellae. Further, the interfibrillar water is more tightly bound than the interlamellar water. The length of the longitudinal channels into which water diffuses is about the same as that of the fibrils, and increases from ca. 1500 to 2000 Angstrom upon drawing. The longitudinal channels are highly oriented even in undrawn fibers, and their misorientation increases from 5 degrees to 15 degrees upon drawing. These channels can be described as surface fractals of dimension 3.4-3.6. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MURTHY, NS (reprint author), ALLIED SIGNAL INC,RES & TECHNOL,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07962, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 16 BP 2695 EP 2703 DI 10.1002/polb.1994.090321615 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PU610 UT WOS:A1994PU61000015 ER PT J AU SILIN, VI GAIGALAS, AK AF SILIN, VI GAIGALAS, AK TI SERRS OF AZURIN ADSORBED ON A SILVER SURFACE SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASTOCYANIN; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB Surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectra of azurin, a copper-containing protein, were measured on a silver surface with a double grating. Significant differences in intensity and band wavenumber were obtained between SERR and solution resonance Raman spectra in the region 250-300 cm(-1) and near 400 cm(-1). Preliminary interpretation of these differences suggests a Likely orientation of the azurin protein on the silver surface in which the N(His44)-N(His115)-S(Met119) plane is perpendicular to the metal surface and the imidazole group of His115 is in close proximity to the metal. C1 VILNIUS BIOCHEM INST,VILNIUS,LITHUANIA. RP SILIN, VI (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 12 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.1002/jrs.1250251202 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA QF991 UT WOS:A1994QF99100001 ER PT J AU WIKFORS, GH WIKFORS, EN AF WIKFORS, GH WIKFORS, EN TI IN-MEMORIAM - UKELES,RAVENNA,RENEE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Item About an Individual RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NMFS,RODGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QC151 UT WOS:A1994QC15100001 ER PT J AU AUSTER, PJ DEGOURSEY, RE AF AUSTER, PJ DEGOURSEY, RE TI PREDATION ON BLUE-CRABS, CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS, BY STARFISH ASTERIAS-FORBESI SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CALLINECTES; ASTERIAS; PREDATION; TEMPERATURE; CENSUS; WINTER AB Blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, burrowed into the sand-silt bottom at a site in the Mystic River estuary, Connecticut, at temperatures below 5 degrees C. Crabs were torpid at these low temperatures. Starfish, Asterias forbesi, were observed to prey on burrowed crabs. The proportion of crabs preyed upon increased as water temperatures declined through the winter, reaching up to 81% of crabs observed during a single dive. There was no significant difference in the size or sex of crabs preyed on by starfish and those which were not preyed upon. Starfish that were collected preying on crabs were not significantly different in size than those found on the surrounding bottom. Low temperatures, which affect the physiology of normally motile megafauna, can greatly alter predator-prey dynamics. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. RP AUSTER, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT 06340, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QC151 UT WOS:A1994QC15100003 ER PT J AU MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, CA WIDMAN, J THURBERG, FP AF MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, CA WIDMAN, J THURBERG, FP TI MOLT-RELATED CHANGES IN HEMOLYMPH CALCIUM OF POSTLARVAL AMERICAN LOBSTERS (HOMARUS-AMERICANUS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MILNEEDWARDS,H. 1837 CRUSTACEA; HYDROMINERAL REGULATION; NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL; DECAPODA; OSMOREGULATION AB In a laboratory study, postlarval American lobsters experienced changes in hemolymph calcium concentrations over the molt cycle. Values were lowest immediately after molting and increased gradually through postmolt into intermolt and early premolt. Calcium concentration peaked during mid- or late-premolt and usually declined just before the molt to fifth stage. This pattern is similar to that observed in adult American lobsters. RP MERCALDOALLEN, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QC151 UT WOS:A1994QC15100007 ER PT J AU KENNISH, MJ LUTZ, RA DOBARRO, JA FRITZ, LW AF KENNISH, MJ LUTZ, RA DOBARRO, JA FRITZ, LW TI IN-SITU GROWTH-RATES OF THE OCEAN QUAHOG, ARCTICA-ISLANDICA (LINNAEUS, 1767), IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OCEAN QUAHOGS; ARCTICA ISLANDICA; TRANSPLANTATION EXPERIMENTS; GROWTH RATES ID LINES AB Shell morphometric measurements of laboratory-spawned and Gulf of Maine ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) transplanted at a site of commercially important shellfish beds off Cape May, New Jersey, indicate slow adult growth rates. Clams greater than 50 mm in length grew very slowly or not at all for extensive periods of time after transplantation. The mean increase in the shell length of adult clams from the Gulf of Maine amounted to 0.35, 0.39, -0.02, 0.40, and -0.10 mm when measured 213, 307, 368, 520, and 606 days after transplantation, respectively. Younger, laboratory-spawned clams exhibited greater growth rates than adults, with a mean increase in shell length of 1.87, 1.34, 5.28, and 0.54 mm being recorded 75, 120, 288, and 374 days after transplantation, respectively. These findings support those of other investigations, which have shown that the growth of A. islandica is among the slowest of all continental-shelf bivalves. C1 NJ DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,BUR SHELLFISH,PORT NORRIS,NJ 08349. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP KENNISH, MJ (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QC151 UT WOS:A1994QC15100017 ER PT J AU WEKELL, JC GAUGLITZ, EJ BARNETT, HJ HATFIELD, CL EKLUND, M AF WEKELL, JC GAUGLITZ, EJ BARNETT, HJ HATFIELD, CL EKLUND, M TI THE OCCURRENCE OF DOMOIC ACID IN RAZOR CLAMS (SILIQUA-PATULA), DUNGENESS CRAB (CANCER-MAGISTER), AND ANCHOVIES (ENGRAULIS-MORDAX) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOMOIC ACID; DUNGENESS CRAB; CANCER MAGISTER; ANCHOVIES; ENGRAULIS MORDAX; RAZOR CLAMS; SILIQUA PATULA ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; CALIFORNIA AB In September 1991, water fowl died in Monterey Bay, CA, after eating anchovies (Engraulis mordax) contaminated with domoic acid. Analysis revealed that the anchovies contained up to 485 ppm domoic acid in their viscera. This was the first reported incidence of domoic acid-related mortality of any organism in the United States. After this reported outbreak we obtained frozen samples of anchovies that were harvested near Newport, CA, in April 1991 and found they contained 270 ppm domoic acid in their viscera. By May, average domoic acid levels in frozen anchovy samples from this same area were less than 1 ppm. In October 1991, domoic acid was detected in razor clams (Siliqua patula) from Oregon and Washington and appeared to peak (an average of 106 ppm for all Washington State beaches) in the first week of December 1991. The averages then declined to less than 20 ppm without 6 months. However, domoic acid was still present at low levels (averages <5 ppm) in razor clams from Washington state beaches in December 1993. Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) in Washington and Oregon were also found to contain domoic acid, but only in their viscera. Domoic acid concentrations in the raw viscera of individual crabs from Washington state in December 1991 averaged 13 ppm and ranged from 0.8 to 90 ppm. The highest average levels of domoic acid in Washington state crabs were in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay samples, 32 and 31 ppm, respectively. By 1992 domoic acid level averages were <5 ppm in preseason samples of Dungeness crab taken along the Oregon and Washington coasts, ranging from 0 to 71 ppm. The highest levels of domoic acid in 1992 (36-71 ppm) were recorded in samples taken early in that year (January through April). RP WEKELL, JC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 587 EP 593 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QC151 UT WOS:A1994QC15100032 ER PT J AU STONE, WC TAYLOR, AW AF STONE, WC TAYLOR, AW TI ISDP - INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Limitations of present procedures for the design of reinforced concrete structures to withstand seismic loads are discussed. An integrated seismic design procedure (ISDP) is proposed, the main features of which are (1) The automatic selection and scaling of design ground motions given the earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, and the type of overlying soil strata; (2) prediction of the inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete elements when subjected to random lateral loads up to and including failure; and (3) calculation of cumulative damage that is directly correlated to observed states of damage from laboratory tests of reinforced concrete elements. The analytical tools required to implement these capabilities are discussed. New seismic design criteria are proposed, which are based on acceptable damage indices as functions of earthquake energy content and structural importance. The proposed seismic design approach is demonstrated by means of a practical example involving the seismic retrofit of a spiral reinforced bridge column. This example incorporates new and existing analytical tools, and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. RP STONE, WC (reprint author), NIST,DIV STRUCT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 12 BP 3548 EP 3566 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:12(3548) PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA PU382 UT WOS:A1994PU38200009 ER PT J AU ZHANG, ZM FRENKEL, A AF ZHANG, ZM FRENKEL, A TI THERMAL AND NONEQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES OF SUPERCONDUCTORS FOR RADIATION DETECTORS SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Review DE SUPERCONDUCTING RADIATION DETECTORS; PHOTORESPONSE; NONEQUILIBRIUM OPTICAL RESPONSE; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; THERMAL DESIGN ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; O THIN-FILMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NONBOLOMETRIC OPTICAL-RESPONSE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; BOLOMETRIC RESPONSE; TEMPORAL RELAXATION; BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; EPITAXIAL-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY AB This work summarizes the progress in the study of the superconductor response to optical radiation and in the development of infrared detectors. The recent advances in the design of high-T-c superconducting radiation detectors using silicon microfabrication technology are emphasized. Thermal and optical properties important for the detector performance are discussed. The mechanism of the nonequilibrium optical response and its potential use to build fast and sensitive radiation detectors are described. Future challenges and opportunities in the development of high-T-c superconducting radiation detectors are highlighted. RP ZHANG, ZM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 101 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 871 EP 884 DI 10.1007/BF00732263 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QA692 UT WOS:A1994QA69200001 ER PT J AU ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT EYLEM, C EICHHORN, B AF ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT EYLEM, C EICHHORN, B TI SUBSTITUTION-INDUCED MID-GAP STATES IN R(X)BA(1-X)TIO(3-DELTA), WHERE R=Y,LA, AND ND SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE MIXED OXIDES; DOPING; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; RXBA1-XTIO3-DELTA; PHOTOEMISSION; OXIDES; LA AB Changes induced in the electronic structure of BaTiO3 by substitutions of R = Y, La or Nd for Ba to form the mixed oxides R(x)Ba(1-x)TiO(3-delta) have been investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Substitution of formally R(+3) ions for Ba+2 leads to the introduction of filled states in the band gap that are shown by resonant photoemission measurements to have significant Ti 3d character, consistent with a Mott-Hubbard insulator description for these oxides. It is suggested that the dominant factor is electron-electron correlation and this leads to the estimates U similar to Delta similar to 3 eV for this system, where U is the correlation energy for the 3d and Delta is the charge transfer energy. Changes are observed in the photoelectron spectral shape for these states as a function of increasing substitution in the Nd system and discussed in the context of the opening of the Hubbard gap. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP ROBEY, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 917 EP 920 DI 10.1007/BF00732271 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QA692 UT WOS:A1994QA69200009 ER PT J AU OHNO, Y CROMER, CL HARDIS, JE EPPELDAUER, G COLLINS, R AF OHNO, Y CROMER, CL HARDIS, JE EPPELDAUER, G COLLINS, R TI THE DETECTOR-BASED CANDELA SCALE AND RELATED PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AT NIST SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The candela, one of the SI base units, has been realized by using absolutely calibrated detectors rather than sources. A group of eight photometers was constructed using silicon photodiodes, precision apertures, and glass filters for V (lambda) match. Their absolute spectral responsivities were calibrated against the NIST absolute spectral responsivity scale. The measurement chain has been significantly shortened compared with the old scale based on a blackbody. This resulted in improving the calibration uncertainty to 0.46 percent (2 sigma), a factor-of-two improvement. This revision has made various photometric calibrations at NIST more versatile and flexible. Luminous intensities of light sources ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-4) candelas are directly calibrated with the standard photometers, which have a linear response over that range. RP OHNO, Y (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA MW505 UT WOS:A1994MW50500011 ER PT J AU HAYASHI, Y GOLDER, DG AF HAYASHI, Y GOLDER, DG TI KELVIN AND MIXED ROSSBY-GRAVITY WAVES APPEARING IN THE GFDL SKYHI GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL AND THE FGGE DATASET - IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR GENERATION MECHANISM AND ROLE IN THE QBO SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY DOMAIN; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WAVES; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WESTERN PACIFIC; ZONAL WIND; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE AB To evaluate simulations and theories of equatorial Kelvin and mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves, and to gain insight into their generation mechanism and role in the quasi-biennial oscillation, a space-time spectral analysis is performed on output data from the 40-level, three-degree latitude GFDL ''SKYHI'' general circulation model and on the GFDL FGGE dataset. The SKYHI and FGGE stratospheric Kelvin waves are dominated by an eastward-moving, wavenumber-one, 10-20-day period component in the lower stratosphere. These waves are accompanied by higher wavenumber-frequency components, which can be detected more clearly in the upper stratosphere than in the lower stratosphere. On the other hand, the SKYHI: and FGGE MRG waves are dominated by a westward-moving, wavenumber 3-5, 4-6-day component in the lower stratosphere. These waves are dominated by lower-wavenumbers (1-2) and shorter periods (2-4 days) in the upper stratosphere. The amplitudes of the SKYHI/FGGE Kelvin and MRG waves are comparable to those estimated from observed (non-FGGE) station data, whereas the SKYHI model produces only a very weak quasi-biennial oscillation. The SKYHI precipitation data intermittently exhibit grid-size pulses of precipitation, but do not clearly exhibit spectral peaks which correspond to Kelvin and MRG waves. On the basis of the present analysis, it is proposed that Kelvin, MRG, and gravity waves result from wave-convection interactions and are intermittently triggered by random pulses of convective heating. It is speculated that the quasi-biennial oscillation is produced primarily by gravity waves and will increase in amplitude with horizontal resolution, as grid-size pulses of convective heating and small-scale gravity waves are more adequately produced in the model. RP HAYASHI, Y (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 93 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 6 BP 901 EP 935 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PY321 UT WOS:A1994PY32100009 ER PT J AU SUGAR, J WYART, JF HOF, GJV JOSHI, YN AF SUGAR, J WYART, JF HOF, GJV JOSHI, YN TI SPECTRUM AND ENERGY-LEVELS OF 5-TIMES-IONIZED RHENIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Spectra of Re VI were produced with sliding-spark and triggered-spark discharges. They were recorded photographically with 10.7-m grazing-incidence and normal-incidence spectrographs and with a 3-m normal-incidence spectrograph. Energy levels of the 5d(2),5d6s,5d6p,6s6p, and 5d5f configurations were determined with 121 classified lines. Previously no levels were known. Radial parameters were fitted to the energy levels and used for predicting the missing levels and for determining the eigenvector compositions. The onset of collapse of the 5f orbit caused a noticeable term dependence of the expectation value of the orbital radius (r). C1 CNRS,AIME COTTON LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANTIGONISH,NS B2G 1C0,CANADA. RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2327 EP 2332 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.002327 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA PX510 UT WOS:A1994PX51000002 ER PT J AU STEIMLE, FW ZDANOWICZ, VS CUNNEFF, SL TERRANOVA, R AF STEIMLE, FW ZDANOWICZ, VS CUNNEFF, SL TERRANOVA, R TI TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN COMMON BENTHIC MACROFAUNAL PREY FROM THE NEW-YORK BIGHT APEX SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; INVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEMS; MERCURY; CADMIUM; FOOD RP US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NE FISHERIES SCI CTR, HIGHLANDS, NJ 07732 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 28 IS 12 BP 760 EP 765 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)90336-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QE610 UT WOS:A1994QE61000009 ER PT J AU STUBBLEFIELD, WL AF STUBBLEFIELD, WL TI PRESENT AND FUTURE-STATUS OF THE UNITED-STATES OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET NOAA SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The NOAA Fleet supports a wide range of operational and research missions to accomplish fisheries, charting, and ocean and atmosphere research programs. NOAA currently operates eighteen ships with others inactive due to lack of funds. This is the largest fleet of research and survey vessel operated by a U.S. governmental agency, and includes a mix of ships from small, coastal vessels to blue-water oceanographic ships. A Fleet Replacement and Modernization (FRAM) Program is underway, and one new multidisciplinary oceanographic research vessel is under construction. A NOAA-wide strategic plan is the focal point for NOAA's policy and budget decisions, including those related to operation and modernization of the NOAA Fleet. The FRAM plan is under review and will use defendable program requirements to determine the size and mix of ships required in the fleet. RP STUBBLEFIELD, WL (reprint author), OFF NOAA CORPS OPERAT,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 4 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA QT178 UT WOS:A1994QT17800004 ER PT J AU STUBBLEFIELD, WL HARTWIG, E HEINRICHS, DF AF STUBBLEFIELD, WL HARTWIG, E HEINRICHS, DF TI A NATIONAL FLEET SYSTEM - A FEDERAL VIEWPOINT SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Note C1 NATL SCI FDN,ARLINGTON,VA. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP STUBBLEFIELD, WL (reprint author), OFF NOAA CORPS OPERAT,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 4 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA QT178 UT WOS:A1994QT17800012 ER PT J AU LEI, M LEDBETTER, H AF LEI, M LEDBETTER, H TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF SICP/AL - MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID COMPOSITE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109 USA. NATL INST SCI & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP LEI, M (reprint author), QUATROSONICS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2832 EP 2835 DI 10.1007/BF02649234 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QB881 UT WOS:A1994QB88100028 ER PT J AU BLACK, RA BLUESTEIN, HB BLACK, ML AF BLACK, RA BLUESTEIN, HB BLACK, ML TI UNUSUALLY STRONG VERTICAL MOTIONS IN A CARIBBEAN HURRICANE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; AXISYMMETRIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MATURE HURRICANES; RADAR; MESOSCALE; AIRCRAFT; ICE AB Unusually strong updrafts and downdrafts in the eyewall of Hurricane Emily (1987) during its rapidly deepening phase are documented by both in situ aircraft measurements and a vertically pointing Doppler radar. Updrafts and downdrafts as strong as 24 and 19 m s(-1), respectively, were found. Mean updrafts and downdrafts were approximately twice as strong as those found in other hurricanes. Updrafts had approximately the same width as downdrafts. The most vigorous updrafts were located in the front quadrants of the storm, and most of the strongest downdrafts were found in the rear quadrants. The downdrafts could not be explained in terms of evaporative or melting cooling, or precipitation drag. Evidence is presented that moist symmetric instability initiated by precipitation loading may have been responsible for the strong downdrafts. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP BLACK, RA (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,HRD,AOML,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Black, Robert/C-9617-2009; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 122 IS 12 BP 2722 EP 2739 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2722:USVMIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PW058 UT WOS:A1994PW05800006 ER PT J AU MCNIDER, RT SONG, AJ CASEY, DM WETZEL, PJ CROSSON, WL RABIN, RM AF MCNIDER, RT SONG, AJ CASEY, DM WETZEL, PJ CROSSON, WL RABIN, RM TI TOWARD A DYNAMIC-THERMODYNAMIC ASSIMILATION OF SATELLITE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE IN NUMERICAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB An assimilation technique is described in which satellite-observed surface skin temperature tendencies are used in a model surface energy budget so that the predicted rate of temperature change in the model more closely agrees with the satellite observations. Both visible and infrared GOES satellite data are used in the assimilation. The technique is based on analytically recovering surface moisture from similarity expressions derived from an evapotranspiration residual obtained as a difference between the unadjusted model evapotranspiration and the satellite-inferred evapotranspiration. The technique has application in regional-scale models where surface parameters such as root zone moisture, soil moisture, etc., are unknown. It is assumed that the largest error in the surface energy budget is in the evapotranspiration term. Two tests are given for the technique, first, a one-dimensional test against FIFE data and, second, a three-dimensional test over Oklahoma. In these cases the technique appears to correctly adjust the model response to agree better with observations. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MATH SCI,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. UNIV ALABAMA,ATMOSPHER SCI PROGRAM,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,INST GLOBAL CHANGE RES & EDUC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP MCNIDER, RT (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,EARTH SYST SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. NR 8 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 122 IS 12 BP 2784 EP 2787 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2784:TADTAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PW058 UT WOS:A1994PW05800010 ER PT J AU ABERSON, SD DEMARIA, M AF ABERSON, SD DEMARIA, M TI VERIFICATION OF A NESTED BAROTROPIC HURRICANE TRACK FORECAST MODEL (VICBAR) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB A nested analysis and barotropic hurricane track forecast model(VICBAR) was run for tropical cyclone cases in the North Atlantic basin during the 1989-93 hurricane seasons. VICBAR is compared to the other operational hurricane track forecast models and is shown to perform as well as each of these. VICBAR forecasts are stratified by initial date, intensity, and location to assess the variability of model performance. VICBAR produces the best forecasts for hurricane cases, for cases initiated earliest in the hurricane season, for cases moving the most slowly northward, and for those moving westward. The forecasts with the largest errors are examined to illustrate the limitations of the model and to determine whether these cases can be identified operationally. RP ABERSON, SD (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,HRD,AOML,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 122 IS 12 BP 2804 EP 2815 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2804:VOANBH>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PW058 UT WOS:A1994PW05800012 ER PT J AU ANTIPOV, EV PUTILIN, SN KOPNIN, EM CAPPONI, JJ CHAILLOUT, C LOUREIRO, SM MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A AF ANTIPOV, EV PUTILIN, SN KOPNIN, EM CAPPONI, JJ CHAILLOUT, C LOUREIRO, SM MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A TI MERCURY-BASED COPPER MIXED-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; HGBA2CUO4+DELTA; 150-K AB Syntheses, heat treatments, structures and superconducting properties of Hg-based superconducting Cu mixed oxides with the general formula HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2+delta are presented and discussed. The increase of the superconducting transition temperature with n occurs up to the third member. The heat-treatment induces distinct changes of T-c for different members of the series. Superconductivity in Hg-1212 and Hg-1201 exists in underdoped and overdoped regions. In the structures of Hg-based superconductors the (CuO2) layers have an undistorted ideal arrangement, which could be responsible for the existence of superconductivity at temperatures around 120-135 K. C1 UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. NIST,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ANTIPOV, EV (reprint author), MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. RI Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015; Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014 OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919; Antipov, Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91304-8 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QA390 UT WOS:A1994QA39000010 ER PT J AU LI, Q KWON, C XI, XX VENKATESAN, T HAM, KM SOORYAKUMAR, R AF LI, Q KWON, C XI, XX VENKATESAN, T HAM, KM SOORYAKUMAR, R TI SUPERCONDUCTING REBA2CU3O7-DELTA ULTRATHIN FILMS AND SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITIES; YBA2CU3O7-X/PRBA2CU3O7-X SUPERLATTICES; YBA2CU3O7/PRBA2CU3O7 SUPERLATTICES; TC; LAYERS AB Superconducting properties of epitaxial ultrathin ReBa2Cu3O7-delta (ReBCO) (Re = Rare earth) films sandwiched between (PrxY1-x)Ba2Cu3O7-delta ((PrxY1-x)BCO) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) layers and ReBCO/(PrxY1-x)BCO superlattices have been studied with varying thicknesses of ReBCO and doping level x in the adjacent (PrxY1-x)BCO layers. While various experiments have been performed in these systems, in this paper, we will primarily focus on the results of superconducting properties of the ultrathin films and superlattices, the dependence of the superconductivity on adjacent layer materials, and the possibility of charge redistribution across the interface. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889. RP LI, Q (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91322-6 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QA390 UT WOS:A1994QA39000028 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, MK HARLOW, RL MCCARRON, EM COX, DE HUANG, Q AF CRAWFORD, MK HARLOW, RL MCCARRON, EM COX, DE HUANG, Q TI EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETISM IN SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF LA2CUO4 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID DOPED LA2CUO4; (LA AB Structural (neutron and x-ray diffraction) and magnetic (neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility) measurements of materials derived from La2CuO4 by isovalent and aliovalent substitution in the La3+ site have been performed. Such substitutions permit the tilts of the CuO6 octahedra (about the (110) and (110) axes of the undistorted 14/mmm structure), and the hole concentration in the Cu-O layers, to be independently varied. The results of these measurements, in combination with those from other research groups, demonstrate that all four tilt structures, HTT (high temperature tetragonal, 14/mmm), LTO1 (low temperature orthorhombic 1, Bmab), LTO2 (low temperature orthorhombic 2, Peen) and LTT (low temperature tetragonal, P4(2)/ncm), support bulk superconductivity, with T-c(HTT) > T-c(LTO1) > T-c(LTO2) > T-c(LTT) at the same hole concentration. Furthermore, there is a strong suppression of superconductivity when the doped carrier concentration is 1/8 hole per Cu2+ in the LTT and LTO2 phases of these materials. The reason for this T, suppression is not established. Finally, the magnetic structures adopted by the Cu2+ spins in the insulating phases, determined by neutron diffraction, are also influenced by the tilts of the octahedra. This may reflect a structural dependence of interlayer and intralayer magnetic anisotropies. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CRAWFORD, MK (reprint author), DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE 19880, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 170 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91340-4 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QA390 UT WOS:A1994QA39000046 ER PT J AU RADAELLI, PG MAREZIO, M THOLENCE, JL DEBRION, S LOUREIRO, S SANTORO, A HUANG, Q CAPPONI, JJ ALARIOFRANCO, M CHAILLOUT, C AF RADAELLI, PG MAREZIO, M THOLENCE, JL DEBRION, S LOUREIRO, S SANTORO, A HUANG, Q CAPPONI, JJ ALARIOFRANCO, M CHAILLOUT, C TI SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HG2BA2(Y,CA)CU2O8-DELTA - THE FIRST CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR CONTAINING A DOUBLE MERCURY OXYGEN LAYER SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE AB The first cuprate superconductor containing double (HgO)(2) layers was synthesized using a high-pressure, high-temperature technique. The compound, with chemical formula Hg2Ba2Y1-xCaxCu2O8-delta, contains a rock salt-type double HgO layer. The prototype compound Hg2Ba2YCu2O8-delta is an insulator. Superconductivity is induced in the system by partially replacing yttrium with calcium. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CTR RECH TRES BASSES TEMP,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RADAELLI, PG (reprint author), UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 925 EP 926 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91687-X PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QC694 UT WOS:A1994QC69400102 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H AF LEDBETTER, H TI DEPENDENCE OF T-C ON DEBYE TEMPERATURE THETA(D) FOR VARIOUS CUPRATES SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; (LA-M)2CUO4 AB I extend the T-c-theta(D) relationship established by Ledbetter and coworkers for La-O and Y-O, and by Dominec for Bi-O, to include Tl-O and Hg-O compounds. In BCS-McMillan materials, theta(D) occurs both in the preexponential factor in the expression T-c - theta(D) exp(-lambda(.1)) and in McMillan's expression for the electron-phonon parameter lambda = C/M , where similar to theta(D). In BCS materials, T-c increases with decreasing theta(D), that is with lattice softening. In all five cuprate superconductors listed above, the opposite occurs: T-c increases with lattice stiffening. From these results, I draw two principal conclusions. First, T-c depends on phonons because it depends on theta(D), the quintessential phonon parameter. Second, the T-c-theta(D) relationship for high-T-c oxide superconductors differs dramatically from that for conventional BCS materials. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 1325 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91887-2 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QC694 UT WOS:A1994QC69400302 ER PT J AU REZNIK, D KEIMER, B DOGAN, F AKSAY, IA AF REZNIK, D KEIMER, B DOGAN, F AKSAY, IA TI HIGH-RESOLUTION INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF PHONON SELF-ENERGY EFFECTS IN YBCO SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID GAP AB We report preliminary results of the high resolution inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the 42.5 meV optical phonon branch in YBCO, whose behavior at momentum transfer q=0 has been extensively studied by Raman scattering. The experiment was done on a large (75g) single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x (T-c approximate to 90K) with the resolution of 2 meV (full width at half maximum). In cooling from 100K to 50K we observe a small softening of the phonon energy at q=0.25,0.25,0, but no significant linewidth change. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP REZNIK, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 1733 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92088-5 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QC695 UT WOS:A1994QC69500096 ER PT J AU COFFEY, MW AF COFFEY, MW TI EFFECT OF SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE FLUCTUATIONS UPON SURFACE REACTANCE SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB The effect of superconducting phase fluctuations upon the radio frequency surface reactance is discussed. A Langevin approach is used to find the mean square phase fluctuation in a Josephson-coupled layer model of 3D superconductors in the Meissner state. The fluctuation effect on the penetration depth lambda is estimated in both classical and quantum limits and its relevance to microwave measurements is discussed. RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 1961 EP 1962 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92202-0 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QC695 UT WOS:A1994QC69500210 ER PT J AU BOHANDY, J KIM, BF MOORJANI, K ADRIAN, FJ KAISER, D AF BOHANDY, J KIM, BF MOORJANI, K ADRIAN, FJ KAISER, D TI ANISOTROPY IN THE A-B PLANE OF A DETWINNED YBA2CU3O7-Y SINGLE-CRYSTAL SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The orientation dependence of the magnetically modulated microwave absorption response in the a-b plane of a detwinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-y has been obtained. An a-b anistropy is clearly observed with a value of (dH(c2)/dT)a/(dH(c2)/dT)b = 1.26 which in turn implies that the effective mass ratio m(b)/m(a) = 1.58. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP BOHANDY, J (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, JOHNS HOPKINS RD, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC PY 1994 VL 235 BP 2038 EP 2039 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92240-3 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QC695 UT WOS:A1994QC69500248 ER PT J AU MACHHOLM, M GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH AF MACHHOLM, M GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH TI PHOTOASSOCIATION OF ATOMS IN ULTRACOLD COLLISIONS PROBED BY WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND PUMP PROBE; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; SODIUM ATOMS; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; NA2 C1 HC ORSTED INST,DEPT CHEM,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. CHIM PHYS LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MACHHOLM, M (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,BATIMENT 213,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 5025 EP 5036 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5025 PN A PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900068 ER PT J AU BAMBINI, A GELTMAN, S AF BAMBINI, A GELTMAN, S TI THEORY OF STRONG-FIELD LIGHT-INDUCED COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN EU AND SR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PROFILES C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BAMBINI, A (reprint author), CNR,IST ELETTR QUANTIST,VIA PIANCIATICHI 56-30,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 5081 EP 5091 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5081 PN A PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900075 ER PT J AU YOU, L COOPER, J AF YOU, L COOPER, J TI QUANTUM-CLASSICAL CORRESPONDENCES FOR ATOMIC OPERATORS - A DOUBLED ATOMIC-SPACE APPROACH SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; LASER C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP YOU, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 5264 EP 5273 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5264 PN A PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900092 ER PT J AU CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P AF CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P TI QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A LASER-COOLED IDEAL-GAS (VOL 50, PG 3409, 1994) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Correction, Addition ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; PHOTON RECOIL; FIELD; LIGHT C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM,DEPT FIS APLICADA,E-13071 CIUDAD REAL,SPAIN. POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR THEORET PHYS,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP CIRAC, JI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 5363 EP 5376 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5363 PN A PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900108 ER PT J AU PAPANEK, P FISCHER, JE SAUVAJOL, JL DIANOUX, AJ MAO, G WINOKUR, MJ KARASZ, FE AF PAPANEK, P FISCHER, JE SAUVAJOL, JL DIANOUX, AJ MAO, G WINOKUR, MJ KARASZ, FE TI INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED VIBRATIONAL DENSITY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHENYLENE VINYLENE; RING TORSION; STATES; DYNAMICS; POLYACETYLENE; CONDUCTIVITY C1 UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,DYNAM PHASES CONDENSEES GRP,MONTPELLIER 05,FRANCE. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP PAPANEK, P (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,3231 WALNUT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 21 BP 15668 EP 15677 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.15668 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PV862 UT WOS:A1994PV86200018 ER PT J AU UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ ANDERSON, IS AF UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ ANDERSON, IS TI LOCAL-MODE DYNAMICS IN YH2 AND YD2 BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HYDROGEN; YTTRIUM; VIBRATIONS; DIFFUSION; CED2.12 C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 21 BP 15739 EP 15743 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.15739 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PV862 UT WOS:A1994PV86200024 ER PT J AU SPINU, I MCKENNA, GB AF SPINU, I MCKENNA, GB TI PHYSICAL AGING OF NYLON-66 SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEMI-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CREEP-RUPTURE; EPOXY GLASSES; TERM CREEP; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); RELAXATION; PMMA AB The physical aging behavior of nylon 66 as a function of aging temperature, magnitude of applied stress, and aging time has been investigated. Creep tests were performed for samples quenched from a stabilization temperature of 160 degrees C to aging temperatures between 41 degrees C and 65 degrees C, for aging times ranging from 0.5 to 64 h, and at stresses levels from 4 MPa to 24 MPa. Volume recovery was investigated for samples quenched from 160 degrees C to aging temperatures of 41 degrees C and 65 degrees C. The creep compliance curves at different aging times were able to be superimposed. The double logarithmic shift rate was calculated and its dependence on aging temperature and applied stress was determined. Also, it was found that the volume recovery rate depends on the aging temperature. The time-temperature and stress-temperature superpositions were not possible for our data. RP SPINU, I (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 24 BP 1808 EP 1814 DI 10.1002/pen.760342405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA PZ863 UT WOS:A1994PZ86300004 ER PT J AU CHIANG, MYM MCKENNA, GB YUAN, J AF CHIANG, MYM MCKENNA, GB YUAN, J TI A VISCOELASTIC MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF A COMPOSITE LAYER SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the epoxy layer and composite substrate of ''inner layers'' can lead to large residual stresses during the manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWB). The viscoelastic nature of the polymeric resin (epoxy) leads to a relaxation of the stresses and a resulting change in dimensions of the inner layer over long periods of time. Here, we treat a micromechanical model using linear viscoelasticity in a finite element thermal stress analysis to demonstrate the time dependency of the ply dimensions upon cooling from near the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the resin to room temperature. The inner layer shrinkage reaches its highest value when room temperature is reached, but the part will continue to change dimensions (shrinkage recovery) for a long time as the in-plane residual stresses relax from their peak values. This evolution takes place over many decades of time. The results show that the long term behavior of dimensional changes is especially pronounced when the effects of time-temperature superposition (TTS) are included below T-g. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,WHIPPANY,NJ 07981. RP CHIANG, MYM (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 24 BP 1815 EP 1822 DI 10.1002/pen.760342406 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA PZ863 UT WOS:A1994PZ86300005 ER PT J AU CARSWELL, JR CARSON, SC MCINTOSH, RE LI, FK NEUMANN, G MCLAUGHLIN, DJ WILKERSON, JC BLACK, PG NGHIEM, SV AF CARSWELL, JR CARSON, SC MCINTOSH, RE LI, FK NEUMANN, G MCLAUGHLIN, DJ WILKERSON, JC BLACK, PG NGHIEM, SV TI AIRBORNE SCATTEROMETERS - INVESTIGATING OCEAN BACKSCATTER UNDER LOW-WIND AND HIGH-WIND CONDITIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article ID RADAR CROSS-SECTION; X-BAND; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; SEA RETURN; SURFACE; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; SPEED; GHZ AB Attempting to understand and predict weather on a local and global basis has challenged both the scientific and engineering communities. One key parameter in understanding the weather is tire ocean surface wind vector because of its role in the energy exchange at the air-sea interface. Scatterometers, radars that measure the reflectivity of a tar-pet, offer a tool with which to remotely monitor these winds from tower-, aircraft-, and satellite-based platforms. This paper introduces three current airborne scatterometer systems, and presents data collected by these instruments under low-, moderate-, and high-wind conditions. Our paper focuses on airborne scatterometers because of their ability to resolve submesoscale variations in wind fields. Discrepancies between existing theory and the observations are noted and concerns in measuring low-wind speeds discussed. Finally, the application of using this technology for estimating the surface-wind vector during a hurricane is demonstrated. C1 ARCO POWER TECHNOL INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20009. NOAA,HURRICANE RES LAB,CORAL GABLES,FL 33145. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOSTON,MA 02115. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,SAR,SYST DEV & ENGN GRP,RADAR SCI & ENGN SECT,PASADENA,CA 91109. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP CARSWELL, JR (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ECE,MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 59 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 1994 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1835 EP 1860 DI 10.1109/5.338074 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PW156 UT WOS:A1994PW15600006 ER PT J AU LIM, K HO, JX KEELING, K GILLILAND, GL JI, XH RUKER, F CARTER, DC AF LIM, K HO, JX KEELING, K GILLILAND, GL JI, XH RUKER, F CARTER, DC TI 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF SCHISTOSOMA-JAPONICUM GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE FUSED WITH A 6-AMINO ACID CONSERVED NEUTRALIZING EPITOPE OF GP41 FROM HIV SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUSION PROTEIN; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1; SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACTIVE-SITE; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; COMPLEX; PURIFICATION; REFINEMENT; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM AB The 3-dimensional crystal structure of glutathione S-transferase (GST) of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) fused with a conserved neutralizing epitope on gp41 (glycoprotein, 41 kDa) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Muster T et al., 1993, J Virol 67:6642-6647) was determined at 2.5 Angstrom resolution. The structure of the 3-3 isozyme rat GST of the mu gene class (Ji X, Zhang P, Armstrong RN, Gilliland GL, 1992, Biochemistry 31:10169-10184) was used as a molecular replacement model. The structure consists of a 4-stranded beta-sheet and 3 alpha-helices in domain 1 and 5 alpha-helices in domain 2. The space group of the Sj GST crystal is P4(3)2(1)2, with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 94.7 Angstrom, and c = 58.1 Angstrom. The crystal has 1 GST monomer per asymmetric unit, and 2 monomers that form an active dimer are related by crystallographic 2-fold symmetry. In the binding site, the ordered structure of reduced glutathione is observed. The gp41 peptide (Glu-Leu-Asp-Lys-Trp-Ala) fused to the C-terminus of Sj GST forms a loop stabilized by symmetry-related GSTs. The Sj GST structure is compared with previously determined GST structures of mammalian gene classes mu, alpha, and pi. Conserved amino acid residues among the 4 GSTs that are important for hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions for dimer association and glutathione binding are discussed. C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,STRUCT BIOL LAB,BIOPHYS BRANCH ES76,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NIST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. AGR UNIV VIENNA,INST ANGEW MIKROBIOL,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012 OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514 NR 55 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2233 EP 2244 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QF865 UT WOS:A1994QF86500009 PM 7538846 ER PT J AU XIA, HR HALL, JL AF XIA, HR HALL, JL TI SPECTRAL FEATURES OF FM SPECTROSCOPY OF 2-PHOTON INTERACTIONS SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES A-MATHEMATICS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY & TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 2-PHOTON; OPTICAL HETERODYNE; FM SPECTROSCOPY ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; SQUEEZED STATES; QUANTUM-THEORY; 4-WAVE; GENERATION AB The spectral features of FM two-photon resonant interaction processes have been calculated for five different frequency modulation versions of counter-propagating incident fields. It is found that the proposed new modulation version (case b in the text) provides novel spectral features for a completely canceled absorption and a sharp dispersion shape at the fundamental beat note. Moreover, its absorption feature appears at the second harmonic of the RF modulation frequency generated by the joint modes via six interaction pathways without mutual phase shift. Such features persist even when the effects of the second-order sidebands of the incident fields are taken into account. Application potentials are emphasized, C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP XIA, HR (reprint author), E CHINA NORMAL UNIV,ACAD SINICA,SHANGHAI INST OPT & FINE MECH,DEPT PHYS,JOINT LAB QUANTUM OPT,SHANGHAI 200062,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1001-6511 J9 SCI CHINA SER A JI Sci. China Ser. A-Math. Phys. Astron. Technol. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1454 EP 1463 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA QH632 UT WOS:A1994QH63200005 ER PT J AU CARASSO, AS AF CARASSO, AS TI OVERCOMING HOLDER CONTINUITY IN ILL-POSED CONTINUATION PROBLEMS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ILL-POSED CONTINUATION; HARMONIC CONTINUATION; INVERSE HEAT CONDUCTION; HOLDER CONTINUITY; SLOW EVOLUTION FROM THE BOUNDARY; NOISE SUPPRESSION; IMAGE DEBLURRING; TIKHONOV; MILLER METHOD; L-CURVE ANALYSIS; BACKWARD BEAM EQUATION; SECB RESTORATION ID BACKWARD; TIME AB Many ill-posed continuation problems in partial differential equations obey a logarithmic convexity inequality and can be stabilized in an appropriate Banach space by imposing an a priori bound on the solutions. In the simplest cases, such an inequality leads to the sharp stability estimate parallel-to u1(t) - u2(t) parallel-to less-than-or-equal-to 2M1-t epsilon(t), 0 less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 1, for the difference of any two continuations, where t is the continuation variable, M is an a priori bound on parallel-to u(0) parallel-to, and epsilon is an upper bound on the norm of the error in the continuation data at t = 1. For small t > 0, such Holder-continuous dependence on the data is not useful at the levels of data error epsilon typically found in practice, and noise contamination as t down 0 is a characteristic feature of many stabilized ill-posed computations. The present paper analyzes the effects of prescribing a physically motivated supplementary constraint, the so-called slow evolution from the continuation boundary (SECB) constraint. When the SECB constraint is applicable, there results the improved stability estimate parallel-to u1(t) - u2(t) parallel-to less-than-or-equal-to 2GAMMA1-t epsilon, 0 less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 1, with GAMMA much-less-than M/epsilon typically. This theoretical result is valid for a large class of ill-posed continuation problems. The computational significance of this result is demonstrated in the latter half of the paper. An important class of image deblurring problems is reformulated as a backwards-in-time continuation problem for a generalized diffusion equation. A quadratic functional on L2(R2) is constructed for which the SECB deblurred image is the unique minimizer. An explicit formula is then obtained for SECB restoration in the Fourier transform domain, leading to a fast, practical, numerical restoration procedure involving fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. For a 512 x 512 image, SECB restoration requires about 20 seconds of cpu time on current desktop workstations. To illustrate the theory, a sharp 512 x 512 image is artificially blurred in the presence of noise. The blurred noisy image is then deblurred using the SECB method, as well as the Tikhonov-Miller, Backward Beam, and L-curve methods. Based on qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the four deblurring procedures, it is verified that the SECB constraint sharply reduces noise contamination. RP CARASSO, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1557 DI 10.1137/0731080 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA PV369 UT WOS:A1994PV36900003 ER PT J AU DOSWELL, CA AF DOSWELL, CA TI STORM CHASERS SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter RP DOSWELL, CA (reprint author), NOAA,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 9 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PU665 UT WOS:A1994PU66500005 ER PT J AU TILFORD, CR AF TILFORD, CR TI PROCESS MONITORING WITH RESIDUAL-GAS ANALYZERS (RGAS) - LIMITING FACTORS SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 25-29, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met Div, Amer Vacuum Soc, Thin Film Div ID QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETER; OPERATION AB Many vacuum processes are limited by low-level impurities introduced with process gases or generated within the process chamber. Specific impurities are often monitored using residual gas analyzers (RGAs) or partial pressure analyzers (PPAs), most commonly, mass spectrometers of the quadrupole type. Unfortunately, the performance of these instruments can be affected significantly by a number of instrument and vacuum environment variables, so that the sensitivities of even ''calibrated'' instruments can differ significantly from expected values. These variables include ion source parameters, total pressure and prior exposure to active gases. The magnitude of the deviations in sensitivity varies for different instruments, but can reach orders of magnitude in extreme cases. This paper reviews the important factors affecting instrument performance, illustrates the magnitude of the effects for different instruments, recommends instrument test procedures, and suggests operating parameters and procedures that can minimize these effects. RP TILFORD, CR (reprint author), NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 68 BP 708 EP 712 DI 10.1016/0257-8972(94)90242-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA PW039 UT WOS:A1994PW03900115 ER PT J AU HUSOY, AM MYERS, MS WILLIS, ML COLLIER, TK CELANDER, M GOKSOYR, A AF HUSOY, AM MYERS, MS WILLIS, ML COLLIER, TK CELANDER, M GOKSOYR, A TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CYP1A-LIKE AND CYP3A-LIKE ISOZYMES IN HEPATIC AND EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUES OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS-MORHUA L), A MARINE FISH SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; CYTOCHROME-P450IA1 INDUCTION; CELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TELEOST FISH; LIVER; ENZYMES; SYSTEM AB The cellular localization of inducible CYP1A and constitutive CYP3A-like forms in different organ systems of Atlantic cod (Gadus mor hua) was determined in control fish and fish exposed to beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with polyclonal rabbit anti-cod P450 1A IgG or rabbit anti-rainbow trout P450con (a putative CYP3A form which cross-reacts with purified cod P450b) serum by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. Following BNF-exposure of cod, CYP1A induction was immunohistochemically demonstrated in hepatocytes and endothelial cells of liver, the endocardium and vascular endothelium in the atrium and ventricle, and epithelial cells of the proximal tubular segment, endothelial cells, and interrenal cells in kidney. The vascular endothelium was the main site of induction of CYP1A in gills, spleen, gut, pyloric caecae, and gonads. The CYP3A-like isozyme P450b was mainly localized to hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium, and epithelial cells of the mucosa in the intestine. Furthermore, the distribution of P450b was not affected by BNF exposure. The localization of P450b bears interesting similarities to the localization of CYP3A in mammals supporting the CYP3A-like identity of cod P450b. Simultaneous localization of inducible CYP1A and a constitutively expressed CYP isoenzyme has not previously been reported in fish. This is also the first presentation of cellular distribution of a CYP3-like isozyme in fish. Staining of CYP1A in endothelial cells supports previous observations that endothelium is a major site of CYP1A induction following xenobiotic exposure in fish. The observation of CYP1A induction in interrenal cells has important implications for possible endocrine effects of xenobiotic exposure. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT ZOOPHYSIOL,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP HUSOY, AM (reprint author), UNIV BERGEN,HIB,MARINE MOLEC BIOL LAB,N-5020 BERGEN,NORWAY. RI Goksoyr, Anders/F-8320-2010; Goksoyr, Anders/A-2818-2013 OI Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842; Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842 NR 47 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 129 IS 2 BP 294 EP 308 DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1254 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA PX213 UT WOS:A1994PX21300013 PM 7992319 ER PT J AU BENTZ, DP MARTYS, NS AF BENTZ, DP MARTYS, NS TI HYDRAULIC RADIUS AND TRANSPORT IN RECONSTRUCTED MODEL 3-DIMENSIONAL POROUS-MEDIA SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY; CONDUCTIVITY; CRITICAL DIAMETER; HYDRAULIC RADIUS; PERMEABILITY; POROUS MEDIA; RECONSTRUCTION ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION; PERMEABILITY; PREDICTION; SPHERES; ROCK AB Methods for reconstructing three-dimensional porous media from two-dimensional cross sections are evaluated in terms of the transport properties of the reconstructed systems. Two-dimensional slices are selected at random from model three-dimensional microstructures, based on penetrable spheres, and processed to create a reconstructed representation of the original system. Permeability, conductivity, and a critial pore diameter are computed for the original and reconstructed microstructures to assess the validity of the reconstruction technique. A surface curvature algorithm is utilized to further modify the reconstructed systems by matching the hydraulic radius of the reconstructed three-dimensional system to that of the two-dimensional slice. While having only minor effects on conductivity, this modification significantly improves the agreement between permeabilities and critical diameters of the original and reconstructed systems for porosities in the range of 25-40%. For lower porosities, critical pore diameter is unaffected by the curvature modification so that little improvement between original and reconstructed permeabilities is obtained by matching hydraulic radii. RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,BLDG 226,ROOM B-348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1007/BF00613583 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QU468 UT WOS:A1994QU46800002 ER PT J AU BRAATZ, DT AF BRAATZ, DT TI HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING FOR THE GREAT FLOOD OF 1993 SO WATER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP BRAATZ, DT (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,N CENT RIVER FORECAST CTR,6301 34TH AVE S,ROOM 202,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55450, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI ALBUQUERQUE PA UNIV NEW MEXICO, 1915 ROMA NE, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1436 SN 0250-8060 J9 WATER INT JI Water Int. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 190 EP 198 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QE027 UT WOS:A1994QE02700005 ER PT J AU KIM, SS KIM, SW HSU, SM AF KIM, SS KIM, SW HSU, SM TI A NEW PARAMETER FOR ASSESSMENT OF CERAMIC WEAR SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE CERAMICS; ZIRCONIA; SILICON NITRIDE ID CRACK-PROPAGATION AB Friction and wear tests were carried out on a face-loaded ring-on-ring wear tester. The materials used in this study were HIPed zirconia (ZrO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4). Friction and wear tests were carried out at room temperature between the same materials under unlubricated conditions. It was found that the coefficient of friction of zirconia was somewhat higher than that of the silicon nitride over the range of testing conditions. Wear rate of silicon nitride was higher than that of zirconia. Worn surfaces investigated by SEM have residual surface cracks and wear particles caused by brittle fracture. It was found that surface cracks were initiated at the trailing edge and propagated to generate a wear particle. It was also found that ceramics have two types of wear particles, small scale in the range of submicrometers to 3 mu m and large scale in the range of 10-16 mu m. Based on these results, a ceramic wear model is proposed to explain the process of wear particles generation. A theoretical analysis based on fracture mechanics has been conducted. A non-dimensional parameter, S-cf, is proposed to estimate the wear rate of ceramics and is defined as S-cf=P root(1+mu(2))a/K-IC S-cf is given as a function of normal pressure, fracture toughness of materials, crack length (the degree of surface defect of material) and friction coefficient in the contact region. The ceramic wear rate, W-s, can be expressed in term of the S-cf parameter as follows: W-s=alpha(S-cf)(beta) C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KIM, SS (reprint author), KYUNGPOOK NATL UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,TAEGU 702701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD DEC PY 1994 VL 179 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(94)90221-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA PY239 UT WOS:A1994PY23900012 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, RH AF HOPKINS, RH TI ANCHORAGE WINDSTORM OF 1 DECEMBER 1992 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB On 1 December 1992 a strong downslope windstorm with an atypical damage pattern hit Anchorage. Downslope windstorms are common in Anchorage from September through April. Typically damaging winds from these storms are confined to the foothills of the Chugach Mountains and east Anchorage within 5 km of the edge of the foothills. In the 1 December storm, moderate wind damage occurred across the entire city in areas where wind damage is a rarity during downslope windstorms. Anchorage forecasters use an empirically derived automated technique to forecast downslope windstorms. The technique works very well. It is the purpose of this study to add to this technique so that atypical storms like the 1 December storm can be detected in advance. Historical records were searched and two storms with similar atypical damage patterns were found. In this study the 1 December windstorm is described, the two historical storms with similar atypical damage patterns are described, and a forecast tool is devised using a combination of characteristics common to the three storms that is hopefully unique. A by-product of this study is a synoptic-scale tool for forecasting the onset of maximum winds for the majority of Anchorage downslope windstorms. RP HOPKINS, RH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,ALASKA REG,222 W 7TH AVE 23,ANCHORAGE,AK 99513, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0469:AWOD>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600001 ER PT J AU DUNN, LB HOREL, JD AF DUNN, LB HOREL, JD TI PREDICTION OF CENTRAL ARIZONA CONVECTION .1. EVALUATION OF THE NGM AND ETA-MODEL PRECIPITATION FORECASTS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The utility of numerical model guidance produced by the National Meteorological Center has been evaluated for the forecast of convection over central Arizona during the summer monsoon season. Model output from the Nested Grid Model (NGM) and Eta model has been compared to observations taken during the 1990 field experiment referred to as the Southwest Area Monsoon Project (SWAMP). The NGM precipitation forecasts showed little skill for events in which heavy precipitation was observed over Phoenix, Arizona. Selected events during the SWAMP period were simulated using the Eta model. Qualitative comparisons of the Eta model's precipitation forecasts with lightning data and satellite imagery suggest that the model has little skill over Arizona during the warm season. Nocturnal heavy precipitation over the lower deserts of central Arizona is nearly always preceded by afternoon convection over the mountains to the north and east. The convection over the mountains was absent in the model. RP DUNN, LB (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WESTERN DIV,DIV SCI SERV,POB 11188,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84147, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0495:POCACP>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600003 ER PT J AU DUNN, LB HOREL, JD AF DUNN, LB HOREL, JD TI PREDICTION OF CENTRAL ARIZONA CONVECTION .2. FURTHER EXAMINATION OF THE ETA-MODEL FORECASTS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Output from simulations of the Era model are compared to special observations collected during the 1990 Southwest Area Monsoon Project (SWAMP). The emphasis is on the model's prediction of the preconvection air mass over Phoenix, Arizona, and on the model's representation of the low-level jet and moisture surge observed over southwest Arizona. At times the model fails to capture the rapid increase in low- and mid-level moisture that is observed in the hours prior to the onset of convection. Subsequent convection is not predicted by the Eta model, in one event the model very accurately predicts the evolution of the air mass over Phoenix during the period just prior to the outbreak of severe convection. However, no convection is predicted by the model. The model seems unable to generate convection over the high terrain or lower deserts of central Arizona regardless of whether the air mass is simulated correctly. A low-level jet feature observed over southwest Arizona during SWAMP is not correctly simulated by the Eta model. The model produces a very strong sea-breeze circulation from the Gulf of California into western Arizona in each simulation. The moisture and stability profiles associated with the sea-breeze are inconsistent with observations over southwest Arizona, which leads to a misrepresentation of the low- and midlevel moisture field over the region. Poor initial conditions in the sea surface temperature field over the Gulf of California are, at least in part, responsible for the model error. RP DUNN, LB (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WESTERN DIV,DIV SCI SERV,POB 11188,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84147, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 508 EP 521 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0508:POCACP>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600004 ER PT J AU BREAKER, LC BURROUGHS, LD CHAO, YY CULP, JF GUINASSO, NL TEBOULLE, RL WONG, CR AF BREAKER, LC BURROUGHS, LD CHAO, YY CULP, JF GUINASSO, NL TEBOULLE, RL WONG, CR TI IMPACT OF HURRICANE-ANDREW ON THE NEAR-SURFACE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT IN THE BAHAMAS AND THE GULF-OF-MEXICO SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Hurricane Andrew was a relatively small but intense hurricane that passed through the Bahamas, across the Florida Peninsula, and across the Gulf of Mexico between 23 and 26 August 1992. The characteristics of this hurricane primarily beyond its core are summarized using 1) marine observations from three National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys and three Coastal-Marine Automated Network stations close to the storm track; 2) water levels and storm surge at 15 locations in the Bahamas, around the coast of Florida, and along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico; 3) currents, temperatures, and salinities at a depth of 11 m in the northern Gulf; and 4) spatial analyses of sea surface temperature (SST) before and after the passage of Andrew. Sea level pressure, wind direction, wind speed, wind gust, air temperature, and the surface wave field were strongly influenced at locations generally within 100 km of the hurricane track, Maximum sustained winds of 75 m s(-1) occurred just north of the storm track near Miami (Fowey Rocks). Significant wave height increased from 1 to 6.4 m at one NDBC buoy in the Gulf of Mexico (25.9 degrees N, 85.9 degrees N). A record high water level occurred at North Miami Beach. Decreases in water level occurred along the west coast of Florida with a maximum negative surge of - 1.2 m at Naples. Increases in water level occurred along the Gulf coast between the Florida panhandle and Louisiana where a storm surge of +1.2 m was observed at Bay Waveland, Mississippi. Current speeds at one shallow water location along the hurricane track in the northern Gulf (28.4 degrees N, 90.5 degrees W) increased from similar to 15 to almost 140 cm s(-1) at a depth of 11 m during passage of the storm. Finally, SSTs decreased by up to 3 degrees C at various locations along the hurricane track. RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NMC,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Guinasso, Norman/D-3567-2012 OI Guinasso, Norman/0000-0003-2271-8550 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 542 EP 556 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0542:TIOHAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600007 ER PT J AU SZOKE, EJ BROWN, JM MCGINLEY, JA RODGERS, D AF SZOKE, EJ BROWN, JM MCGINLEY, JA RODGERS, D TI FORECASTING FOR A LARGE FIELD PROGRAM - STORM-FEST SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology-Fronts Experimental Systems Test (STORM-FEST) was held from 1 February to 15 March 1992 in the central United States as a preliminary field systems test for an eventual larger-scale program. One of the systems tested was a remote operations center, located in Boulder, Colorado, which was significantly displaced from the main field concentration of scientists and research aircraft. In concert with the remote operations center test was a test of remote forecasting support, also centered in Boulder. The remote forecasting for STORM-FEST was the first major cooperative effort for the Boulder-Denver Experimental Forecast Facility (EFF), a cooperative effort between operations and research aimed at finding more effective ways of addressing applied meteorological problems. Two other newly formed EFF's, at Norman, Oklahoma, and Kansas City, Missouri, also played key roles in the forecasting/nowcasting support. A description of the design and function of this remote forecasting and nowcasting support is given, followed by an assessment of its utility during STORM-FEST. Although remote forecasting support was deemed plausible based on the STORM-FEST experience, a number of suggestions are given for a more effective way to conduct forecasting experiments and provide forecasting support during a field program. C1 NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO. RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193; NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 593 EP 605 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0593:FFALFP>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600010 ER PT J AU BROOKS, HE DOSWELL, CA COOPER, J AF BROOKS, HE DOSWELL, CA COOPER, J TI ON THE ENVIRONMENTS OF TORNADIC AND NONTORNADIC MESOCYCLONES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The authors investigated differences in the environments associated with tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones are investigated using proximity soundings. Questions about the definition of proximity are raised. As the environments of severe storms with high spatial and temporal resolution are observed, the operational meaning of proximity becomes less clear. Thus the exploration of the proximity dataset is subject to certain caveats that are presented in some detail. Results from this relatively small proximity dataset support a recently developed conceptual model of the development and maintenance of low-level mesocyclones within supercells. Three regimes of low-level mesocyclonic behavior are predicted by the conceptual model: (i) low-level mesocyclones are slow to develop, if at all, (ii) low-level mesocyclones form quickly but are short lived, and (iii) low-level mesocyclones develop slowly but have the potential to persist for hours. The model suggests that a balance is needed between the midtropospheric storm-relative winds, storm-relative environmental helicity, and low-level absolute humidity to develop long-lived tornadic mesocyclones. In the absence of that balance, such storms should be rare. The failure of earlier forecast efforts to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic severe storms is discussed in the context of a physical understanding of supercell tornadogenesis. Finally, it is shown that attempts to gather large datasets of proximity soundings associated with rare weather events are likely to take many years. RP BROOKS, HE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 0 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 606 EP 618 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0606:OTEOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600011 ER PT J AU DOSWELL, CA RASMUSSEN, EN AF DOSWELL, CA RASMUSSEN, EN TI THE EFFECT OF NEGLECTING THE VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE CORRECTION ON CAPE CALCULATIONS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note AB A simple theoretical analysis of the impact of neglecting the virtual correction on calculation of CAFE is made. This theory suggests that while ignoring the virtual correction does not introduce much error for large CAFE values, the relative error can become substantial for small CAFE. A test of the theory is done by finding the error made by ignoring the virtual correction to CAFE for all the soundings in 1992 having positive CAFE (when the correction is made). Results of this empirical test confirm that the relative error made in ignoring the correction increases with decreasing CAFE. A number of other ''corrections'' to CAFE might be considered. In a discussion of the issues associated with the results of the analysis, it is recommended that CAFE calculations should include the virtual correction but that other complications should be avoided for most purposes, especially when making comparisons of CAFE values. A standardized CAFE calculation also is recommended. RP DOSWELL, CA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 0 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0625:TEONTV>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600013 ER PT J AU FELSCH, P WHITLATCH, W AF FELSCH, P WHITLATCH, W TI COMMENTS ON STRATUS SURGE PREDICTION ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST - REPLY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note RP FELSCH, P (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,WSO,3249 SKYWAY DR,SANTA MARIA,CA 93455, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 657 EP 657 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0657:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600017 ER PT J AU WEAVER, J PURDOM, JFW SMITH, SB AF WEAVER, J PURDOM, JFW SMITH, SB TI COMMENTS ON NOWCASTS OF THUNDERSTORM INITIATION AND EVOLUTION SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note RP WEAVER, J (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NOAA,NESDIS,RAMM BRANCH,CIRA,W LAPORTE AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 658 EP 662 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0658:COOTIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL526 UT WOS:A1994QL52600018 ER PT J AU ROZAS, LP REED, DJ AF ROZAS, LP REED, DJ TI COMPARING NEKTON ASSEMBLAGES OF SUBTIDAL HABITATS IN PIPELINE CANALS TRAVERSING BRACKISH AND SALINE MARSHES IN COASTAL LOUISIANA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE PIPELINE CANALS; FISHERY IMPACT; LOUISIANA; SUBTIDAL HABITAT; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; HURRICANE IMPACT; BACKFILLING AB Subtidal habitats of pipeline canals in Louisiana brackish and saline marshes were sampled seasonally (fall, spring, and summer) between October 1991 and March 1993 with a 2-m(2) throw trap to identify dominant natant species and test hypotheses relating habitat selection to water depth. Densities of nekton were compared among canals and between shallow (<1 m) and deep (greater than or equal to Im) areas within canals to test two null hypotheses: H-1: Densities of nekton in pipeline canals are not related to maximum canal depth and H-2: Densities of nekton in shallow and deep subtidal areas of canals are equal. Daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, blue crab Callinectes sapidus, brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus, and gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus numerically dominated nekton assemblages in both brackish and saline canals. Naked goby Gobiosoma bose, rainwater killifish Lucania parva, and gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli were dominant only in brackish canals, whereas white shrimp Penaeus setiferus and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus were abundant in saline canals only. Although variation in the abundance of most numerically dominant species could not be related to maximum canal depth, the distribution of several species within pipeline canals was influenced by habitat depth and other interrelated factors. The degree of habitat segregation with depth was largely influenced by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and salinity as well as water depth. Habitat segregation with depth was most pronounced in brackish canals during late spring (May) when SAV was present. Naked goby, rainwater killifish, blue crabs, and daggerblade grass shrimp were significantly more abundant in shallow water (<1 m) at this time. In saline canals, most blue crabs and daggerblade grass shrimp occupied shallow habitats in March when small juveniles of these species reached peak abundance. Bay anchovy exhibited a pattern opposite that of other species. In March, bay anchovy abundance was positively related to maximum canal depth in brackish canals, and densities were greater in deep than shallow areas of saline canals in June. Salinity may have affected the distribution of freshwater species (e.g., centrarchids) and limited their occurrence in saline canals. Increasing shallow subtidal habitat by backfilling canals may enhance the nursery habitat for some species, especially in brackish canals where the area of subtidal habitat capable of supporting SAV would be expanded. RP ROZAS, LP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 262 EP 275 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PZ385 UT WOS:A1994PZ38500002 ER PT J AU WU, WL ORTS, WJ VANZANTEN, JH FANCONI, BM AF WU, WL ORTS, WJ VANZANTEN, JH FANCONI, BM TI DENSITY PROFILE OF SPIN CAST POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE THIN-FILMS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; SPIN CASTING; DENSITY PROFILES; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; REFLECTOMETRY AB The density profiles of polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA) thin films on silicon (111) single crystal wafers were investigated via neutron reflectivity measurements. Films were prepared by spin casting PMMA onto silicon wafers from o-xylene solution followed by annealing under vacuum at 90 degrees C for 5 h. A similar to 45 A thick layer at the free polymer surface was observed in the as-prepared samples that has a density about half the value of bulk PMMA. After heating above 110 degrees C, this diffuse layer disappeared and the thin film density profile was transformed to one with a sharp free polymer surface. This transition was found to be irreversible. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. RP WU, WL (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,BLDG 224,ROOM B320,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 30 PY 1994 VL 32 IS 15 BP 2475 EP 2480 DI 10.1002/polb.1994.090321504 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PN084 UT WOS:A1994PN08400004 ER PT J AU CASELLA, RC AF CASELLA, RC TI POLES OF LOCAL CLASSICAL ACCELERATION AND SPATIAL SEPARATION IN THE NEUTRAL PARTICLE ANALOGS OF THE AHARONOV-BOHM PHASES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; CASHER PHASE; INTERFEROMETRY; DIFFRACTION; SHIFT; FIELD RP CASELLA, RC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 22 BP 2941 EP 2945 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2941 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PT997 UT WOS:A1994PT99700001 ER PT J AU DAM, HG PETERSON, WT BELLANTONI, DC AF DAM, HG PETERSON, WT BELLANTONI, DC TI SEASONAL FEEDING AND FECUNDITY OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA IN LONG-ISLAND SOUND - IS OMNIVORY IMPORTANT TO EGG-PRODUCTION SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda CY JUN 06-13, 1993 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY ID DIGESTIVE ACCLIMATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; TEMORA-LONGICORNIS; FOOD LIMITATION; EAST LAGOON; PHYTOPLANKTON; DANA; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY AB Many suspension-feeding copepods show omnivorous feeding behavior. However, the relative contribution to egg production of herbivorous and heterotrophic feeding in copepods remains an open question. In this study, we quantified pigment ingestion rates and egg production rates of the planktonic calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa from July to November of 1986 in Long Island Sound, a large temperature estuary. Pigment ingestion and egg production rates were better correlated to the > 10-mum chlorophyll size fraction than total chlorophyll. Maximum pigment ingestion and egg production rates were observed during the fall bloom in September. Pigment ingestion and egg production rates were linearly related. However, pigment ingestion rates accounted for only 48% of the variance in egg production rates. If female A. tonsa had fed entirely as herbivores over the course of the season, the observed gross efficiency of egg production, K'1 = egg production rate/pigment ingestion rate, in terms of nitrogen, would have been 0.68. This growth efficiency is considerably higher than the expected value, K1 = 0.38, for this species based on laboratory studies of herbivorous feeding. We suggest that the ratio H = K1/K'1 is a measure of the fraction of egg production that is due to herbivorous feeding. Thus, we infer that herbivory accounted for 56% (0.38/0.68) of egg production in A. tonsa in this study. The ratio H is an useful tool in examining the relative contribution to egg production of herbivorous and heterotrophic feeding in copepods. C1 NOAA,NMFS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH LAW,HARTFORD,CT 06105. RP DAM, HG (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI SCI,GROTON,CT 06340, USA. OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038 NR 41 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 25 PY 1994 VL 293 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1007/BF00229941 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QG902 UT WOS:A1994QG90200027 ER PT J AU EISENSTEIN, E YU, HD SCHWARZ, FP AF EISENSTEIN, E YU, HD SCHWARZ, FP TI COOPERATIVE BINDING OF THE FEEDBACK MODIFIERS ISOLEUCINE AND VALINE TO BIOSYNTHETIC THREONINE DEAMINASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; HEATS AB Control of the regulatory enzyme threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli is achieved by isoleucine inhibition and valine activation. The mechanism by which these heterotropic effecters regulate the enzyme was investigated by measuring the binding of isoleucine and valine by spectroscopic, kinetic, calorimetric and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The addition of isoleucine or valine to threonine deaminase resulted in large changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of the two tryptophans per polypeptide chain. Slightly cooperative binding isotherms for isoleucine were obtained in potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, yielding an average dissociation constant of 4.91 mu M, which was confirmed by equilibrium dialysis measurements. Valine binding was much more cooperative, and yielded an average dissociation constant of 122 mu M. Titration calorimetry experiments indicated that cooperative heterotropic ligand binding was exothermic, and yielded a stoichiometry of four isoleucine bound per tetrameric enzyme, with an average enthalpy of -10.70 kcal/mol. Valine also bound to four sites per tetramer, with an average enthalpy of -7.45 kcal/ mel. The effect of ligands on the fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra of the essential pyridoxal phosphate cofactor indicates that isoleucine and valine bind to effector sites that are distinct from the active sites in threonine deaminase. Shifts in the kinetic properties of threonine deaminase promoted by isoleucine and valine binding are to a first approximation consistent with analyses of effector binding isotherms in terms of a simple two-state model, and suggest that isoleucine regulates threonine deaminase by preferentially binding to the low activity T state, whereas valine binds preferentially to the high activity R state. Finally, analyses of heterotropic effector binding isotherms suggest that active site ligands may have significant affinity for the regulatory sites, which gives rise to underestimates for the allosteric equilibrium constants determined from substrate analog binding isotherms. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. RP EISENSTEIN, E (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 25 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 47 BP 29423 EP 29429 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PU284 UT WOS:A1994PU28400020 PM 7961922 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, MP AF WILLIAMSON, MP TI PC GRAPHICS WATCH - FPDI STANDARDS SO ELECTRONIC DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material RP WILLIAMSON, MP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON PUBL INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114 SN 0013-4872 J9 ELECTRON DES JI Electron. Des. PD NOV 21 PY 1994 VL 42 IS 24 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PT537 UT WOS:A1994PT53700017 ER PT J AU ALSHEIKHLY, M FARAHANI, M BOWEN, RL AF ALSHEIKHLY, M FARAHANI, M BOWEN, RL TI POLYMERIZATION INITIATION BY N-P-TOLYLGLYCINE - FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS STUDIED BY PULSE AND STEADY-STATE RADIOLYSIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINOLEIC-ACID; RESONANCE AB The extensive use of N-p-tolylglycine (NTG) and analogous compounds in adhesive bonding technologies requires a better understanding of their role in initiating free-radical polymerization. The fast oxidation and reduction reactions of NTG proceed via the formation of various free radicals and radical cation and anion intermediates. These intermediates were identified and their reactivity with oxygen, to produce the corresponding peroxyl radicals, was measured. Hydroxyl radicals (OH) were used to initiate oxidation reactions of NTG, while the reduction reactions were initiated with hydrated electrons (e(aq)(-)). OH radicals react with NTG predominately by addition to the aromatic ring followed by OH-elimination to produce NTG(+). radical cations. In the presence of oxygen, the OH-NTG(.) adduct also reacts with oxygen to produce peroxyl radicals. The reaction of NTG with e(aq)(-) forms the radical anion, which subsequently protonates on the aromatic ring to produce cyclohexadienyl radicals, or undergoes an amine elimination to yield an acetic acid free radical and 4-methylaniline. Hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2.) abstract hydrogen from the alpha position of NTG to form the corresponding alkyl free radical. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ALSHEIKHLY, M (reprint author), NIST,TECHNOL ADM,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 21 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1049 EP 1058 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070540807 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PN478 UT WOS:A1994PN47800007 ER PT J AU CONWAY, TJ TANS, PP WATERMAN, LS THONING, KW AF CONWAY, TJ TANS, PP WATERMAN, LS THONING, KW TI EVIDENCE FOR INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE CARBON-CYCLE FROM THE NATIONAL-OCEANIC-AND-ATMOSPHERIC-ADMINISTRATION CLIMATE-MONITORING-AND-DIAGNOSTICS-LABORATORY GLOBAL-AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT MODEL; MAUNA LOA; EL-NINO; CO2; DIOXIDE; METHANE; TIME; TEMPERATURES AB The distribution and variations of atmospheric CO2 from 1981 to 1992 were determined by measuring CO2 mixing ratios in samples collected weekly at a cooperative global air sampling network. The results constitute the most geographically extensive, carefully calibrated, internally consistent CO2 data set available. Analysis of the data reveals that the global CO2 growth rate has declined from a peak of similar to 2.5 ppm yr(-1) in 1987-1988 to similar to 0.6 ppm yr(-1) in 1992. In 1992 we find no increase in atmospheric CO2 from 30 degrees to 90 degrees N. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 emissions cannot explain this result. The north pole-south pole CO2 difference increased from similar to 3 ppm during 1981-1987 to similar to 4 ppm during 1988-1991. In 1992 the difference was again similar to 3 ppm. A two-dimensional model analysis of the data indicates that the low CO2 growth rate in 1992 is mainly due to an increase in the northern hemisphere CO2 sink from 3.9 Gt C yr(-1) in 1991 to 5.0 Gt C yr(-1) in 1992. The increase in the north pole-south pole CO2 difference appears to result from an increase in the southern hemisphere CO2 sink from degrees 0.5 to degrees 1.5 Gt C yr(-1). C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP CONWAY, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Zhang, Nina/F-3609-2014 NR 51 TC 510 Z9 532 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D11 BP 22831 EP 22855 DI 10.1029/94JD01951 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT032 UT WOS:A1994PT03200008 ER PT J AU DODDRIDGE, BG DIRMEYER, PA MERRILL, JT OLTMANS, SJ DICKERSON, RR AF DODDRIDGE, BG DIRMEYER, PA MERRILL, JT OLTMANS, SJ DICKERSON, RR TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OVER THE EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN - CHEMICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR TROPICAL INFLUENCE ON REGIONAL-SCALE TRANSPORT IN THE EXTRATROPICS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; EL-NINO; DEPENDENCE; CLIMATE; AEROSOL; WEATHER; MODEL AB Observed boreal fall season (September-November) 1991 surface CO data from Mace Head, Ireland,are characterized by particularly high mixing ratios, as evidenced by high means, medians, and maxima for those months, relative to the same data for boreal fall 1992 Air parcels characterized by elevated CO during fall 1991 are attributed to European sources on the basis of isentropic back trajectory analysis. histogram of the 1991 data shows a bimodal distribution representing two discrete source regions, North Atlantic and European, while the 1992 data show only one mode, representing primarily zonal westerly flow over the North Atlantic Ocean. A similar distinction exists in O-3 data between the two years. Considerable interannual variability has important implications for observationalists and modelers alike; an inherent uncertainty is introduced by basing any determination of trend from only a few years of data. An isentropic flow climatology for Mace Head illustrates significant differences in the regional-scale flow patterns to Mace Head between the 1991 and the 1992 fall seasons. These differences have been examined in terms of general dynamical principles and tropical/extratropical coupling. There is evidence of the existence of Rossby wave links with the tropical upper troposphere over South America and the central Pacific Ocean which are responsible for the climatic forcing giving rise to the observed interannual variation in large-scale flow patterns and influencing the chemical character of air parcels reaching Mace Head. Using CO as a tracer for short-lived continental anthropogenic O-3 precursors and calculating Delta O-3/Delta CO for air parcel trajectories following anticyclonic paths over western Europe during the late summer and fall season of 1991, we estimate O-3 production over western Europe at about 66 (40-96) billion moles of O-3 per summer (similar to 3 Tg O-3 per summer), based on 1985 CO emission inventory data (37 Tg CO yr(-1) for western Europe), C1 CTR OCEAN LAND ATMOSPHERE STUDIES, CALVERTON, MD 20705 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP DODDRIDGE, BG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D11 BP 22923 EP 22935 DI 10.1029/94JD02084 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT032 UT WOS:A1994PT03200014 ER PT J AU MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK HOWARD, CJ AF MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK HOWARD, CJ TI KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF HBR WITH O-3 AND HO2 - THE YIELD OF HBR FROM HO2+BRO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OZONE; BRO; CLO; OH AB An upper limit on the yield of HBr from reaction (R1) (HO2 + BrO --> products) has been determined by measuring an upper limit for the rate coefficient of the reverse reaction (R1') (HBr + O-3 --> HO2 + BrO). The limits measured at 301 and 441 K were extrapolated to low temperatures to determine that the yield of HBr from reaction (R1) is negligible throughout the stratosphere (< 0.01% of k(1)) An upper limit for the rate coefficient of the reaction of HO2 with HBr was also determined to be very low less than or equal to 3 x 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 300 K and less than or equal to 3 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 400 K. The implications of these results to stratospheric chemistry are discussed. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. CNRS, LCSR, ORLEANS, FRANCE. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D11 BP 22949 EP 22954 DI 10.1029/94JD02144 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT032 UT WOS:A1994PT03200016 ER PT J AU AHMAD, Z DELAND, MT CEBULA, RP WEISS, H WELLEMEYER, CG PLANET, WG LIENESCH, JH BOWMAN, HD MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, RM AF AHMAD, Z DELAND, MT CEBULA, RP WEISS, H WELLEMEYER, CG PLANET, WG LIENESCH, JH BOWMAN, HD MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, RM TI ACCURACY OF TOTAL OZONE RETRIEVAL FROM NOAA SBUTJ/2 MEASUREMENTS - IMPACT OF INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) has been collecting and evaluating the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument data from NOAA 9 and NOAA 11 spacecraft since March 1985. Over 5 years (March 1985 to October 1990) of NOAA 9 (version 5.0) and over 4 years (January 1989 to June 1993) of NOAA 11 (version 6.0) reprocessed data are now available to the scientific community to study geophysical phenomena involving ozone. This paper examines the impact of the instrument performance on total ozone retrieval from the two instruments. We estimate that at the end of October 1990 the total postlaunch error for NOAA 9 due to instrument alone is -2.2%. A significant fraction of this error (-1.9%) is due to diffuser degradation which is not accounted for in the version 5 reprocessing. The estimate for NOAA 11 total postlaunch instrument error, at the end of June 1993, is -0.4%. C1 NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, PHYS BRANCH E-RA14, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA. NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NOAA, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NOAA, DIV INFORMAT PROC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D11 BP 22975 EP 22984 DI 10.1029/94JD01528 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT032 UT WOS:A1994PT03200019 ER PT J AU COFFEY, MW AF COFFEY, MW TI TRANSVERSE THERMOMAGNETIC EFFECTS IN THE MIXED-STATE OF JOSEPHSON-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOWER CRITICAL-FIELD; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT ENTROPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VORTEX MOTION; FLUX MOTION; LAYER MODEL; THIN-FILMS; CU-O AB Transverse thermomagnetic effects (Ettingshausen and Nernst effects) are discussed for a variety of phenomenological models of Josephson-coupled superconducting systems. Analytic expressions for a possible thermal force acting on Josephson vortices in a single Josephson junction are derived. The temperature dependence of the associated transport line entropy is illustrated. The thermal force appropriate to vortices in multilayer and granular structures is mentioned. RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)90770-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT740 UT WOS:A1994PT74000024 ER PT J AU BARONE, SB TURNIPSEED, AA GIERCZAK, T RAVISHANKARA, AR AF BARONE, SB TURNIPSEED, AA GIERCZAK, T RAVISHANKARA, AR TI QUANTUM YIELDS OF H(S-2) AND CH3S((2)E) FROM THE PHOTOLYSIS OF SIMPLE ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS AT 193-NM, 222-NM, AND 248-NM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; CH3SH; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN; PHOTODISSOCIATION; METHANETHIOL; KINETICS; REGION; MECHANISM AB The primary quantum yields for the formation of H(S-2), Phi(H), and CH3S((2)E), Phi(CH3S), in the photodissociation of methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) at the excimer laser wavelengths of 193, 222, and 248 nm were measured. Phi(H) were measured using resonance fluorescence detection of H atoms. The Phi(H) were 0.55 +/- 0.04 at 193 nm, 0.98 +/- 0.15 at 222 nm, and 1.09 +/- 0.25 at 248 nm for methyl mercaptan; <0.02 at 222 nm and <0.03 at 193 nm for DMS; and <0.06 at 222 nm and <0.08 at 193 nm for DMDS. No H atom production was observed in the 248 nm photolysis of DMS and DMDS. Using a selectively deuterated methyl mercaptan sample, CH3SD, it was shown that C-H bond scission is negligible in CH3SH photolysis at 193 and 248 nm. The Phi(CH3S), measured by CH3S detection via pulsed laser-induced fluorescence, were 0.93 +/- 0.21 at 248 nn and 0.78 +/- 0.10 at 193 nm for DMS; 1.65 +/- 0.38 at 248 nm and 1.20 +/- 0.14 at 193 nm for DMDS; and 0.48 +/- 0.10 at 193 nm for methyl mercaptan. The nature of the photodissociation processes in these sulfur compounds is discussed in light of the present measurements and the results of past studies. C1 NOAA,AEOROMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 46 BP 11969 EP 11977 DI 10.1021/j100097a024 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PT442 UT WOS:A1994PT44200024 ER PT J AU MURPHY, DM RAVISHANKARA, AR AF MURPHY, DM RAVISHANKARA, AR TI TEMPERATURE AVERAGES AND RATES OF STRATOSPHERIC REACTIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Use of zonal average temperatures is common in numerical modeling of stratospheric chemistry. In most cases, this approach is accurate. The exceptions are when a heterogeneous reaction or a thermal process which is highly non-linear in temperature is involved. The differences between use of an average temperature and more realistic temperature are presented for cases where temperature fluctuations are of importance in the stratosphere. In particular, the rates of reactions of HC1 in sulfate aerosols are significantly underestimated by the use of zonal average temperatures. Errors associated with using monodispersed aerosols in place of a size distribution are also addressed. RP MURPHY, DM (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2471 EP 2474 DI 10.1029/94GL02287 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400006 ER PT J AU MONTZKA, SA MYERS, RC BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW AF MONTZKA, SA MYERS, RC BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW TI EARLY TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC ABUNDANCE OF HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON-141B AND HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON-142B SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS; GROWTH-RATES; DECREASE; SCALE; TERM AB Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are rapidly replacing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as foam-blowing agents, solvents, and refrigerants. These substitutes, however, still contain chlorine and have the potential to deplete stratospheric ozone. Although the ozone destruction capacity of HCFCs is believed to be significantly less than that for CFCs, concern over unrestricted chlorine input to the atmosphere from HCFC use has prompted proposals for future limits on production. Here we report the first global time-series for mixing ratios of HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane) and HCFC-142b (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane) in air collected at seven remote sampling stations. Global mean mixing ratios in mid-1993 were 0.7 parts per 10(12) (ppt) for HCFC-141b and 4.3 ppt for HCFC-142b. The global atmospheric abundance of HCFC-141b increased by 0.9 ppt, or a factor of approximately 3, in 1993. Global abundance of HCFC-142b increased by 1.1 ppt yr-1 during 1992-1993. The results suggest that HCFCs are currently used extensively for replacing CFCs in selected applications. Furthermore, measured levels are significantly higher than expected based on available emission estimates and consumption predictions. RP MONTZKA, SA (reprint author), NOAA,DEPT COMMERCE,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2483 EP 2486 DI 10.1029/94GL02342 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400009 ER PT J AU COHEN, RC WENNBERG, PO STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, J ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, R PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M CHAN, KR AF COHEN, RC WENNBERG, PO STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, J ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, R PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M CHAN, KR TI ARE MODELS OF CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF O(3) BY HO(X) ACCURATE - CONSTRAINTS FROM IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE OH TO HO(2) RATIO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; HO2 AB Measurements of the ratio OH/HO2, NO, O3, ClO, and BrO were obtained at altitudes from 15-20 km and latitudes from 15-60-degrees-N. A method is presented for interpreting these simultaneous in situ observations that constraints the rates of chemical transformations that 1) are responsible for over half the ozone removal rate in the lower stratosphere via reactions of HO2 and 2) control the abundance of HO2 through coupling to nitrogen and halogen radicals. The results show our understanding of the chemical reactions controlling the partitioning of OH and HO2 is complete and accurate and that the potential effects of ''missing chemistry'' are strictly constrained in the region of the atmosphere encompassed by the observations. The analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the ratio OH/HO2 to changes in NO is described to within 12% by current models. This reduces by more than a factor of 2 the effect of uncertainty in the coupling of hydrogen and nitrogen radicals on the analysis of the potential effects of perturbations to odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP COHEN, RC (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2539 EP 2542 DI 10.1029/94GL01713 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400023 ER PT J AU STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP COHEN, RC KOHN, DW WENNBERG, PO JUDAH, DM TOOHEY, DW AVALLONE, LM ANDERSON, JG SALAWITCH, RJ WOODBRIDGE, EL WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PROFFITT, MH AIKEN, K MARGITAN, J LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR PFISTER, L CHAN, KR AF STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP COHEN, RC KOHN, DW WENNBERG, PO JUDAH, DM TOOHEY, DW AVALLONE, LM ANDERSON, JG SALAWITCH, RJ WOODBRIDGE, EL WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PROFFITT, MH AIKEN, K MARGITAN, J LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR PFISTER, L CHAN, KR TI THE RESPONSE OF CLO RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS TO VARIATIONS IN NO2 RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; PINATUBO; LATITUDE; AEROSOLS AB The response of ClO concentrations to changes in NO2 concentrations has been inferred from simultaneous observations of [ClO], [NO], [NO2] and [O3] in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere. This analysis demonstrates that [ClO] is inversely correlated with [NO2], consistent with formation and photolysis of [ClONO2]. A factor of ten range in the concentration of NO2 was sampled (0.1 to 1 x 10(9) mol/cm3), with a comparable range in the ratio of [ClO] to total available inorganic chlorine (1% less-than-or-equal-to [ClO]/[Cl(y)] less-than-or-equal-to 5%.) This analysis leads to an estimate of [ClONO2]/[Cl(y)] = 0.12 (x/divided-by 2), in the mid-latitude, lower-stratospheric air masses sampled. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,COOPERAT INST ENVIRONM RES,BOULDER,CO 80303. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP STIMPFLE, RM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2543 EP 2546 DI 10.1029/94GL02373 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400024 ER PT J AU SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP KOHN, DW WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PFISTER, L GOTTLIEB, EW MICHELSEN, HA YUE, GK WILSON, JC BROCK, CA JONSSON, HH DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM KELLY, KK BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC CHAN, KR BOWEN, SW AF SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP KOHN, DW WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PFISTER, L GOTTLIEB, EW MICHELSEN, HA YUE, GK WILSON, JC BROCK, CA JONSSON, HH DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM KELLY, KK BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC CHAN, KR BOWEN, SW TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, AND CHLORINE RADICALS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGES IN O(3) DUE TO EMISSION OF NO(Y) FROM SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; OZONE; CHEMISTRY AB In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained in the lower stratosphere during SPADE are compared to results from a photochemical model that assimilates measurements of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 agree well with measured concentrations of NO and ClO, but concentrations of HO2 and OH are underestimated by 10 to 25%, concentrations of NO2 are overestimated by 10 to 30%, and concentrations of HCl are overestimated by a factor of 2. Discrepancies for [OH] and [HO2] are reduced if we allow for higher yields of O(1D) from O3 photolysis and for heterogeneous production of HNO2. The data suggest more efficient catalytic removal of O3 by hydrogen and halogen radicals relative to nitrogen oxide radicals than predicted by models using recommended rates and cross sections. Increases in [O3] in the lower stratosphere may be larger in response to inputs of NO(y) from supersonic aircraft than estimated by current assessment models. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80307. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP SALAWITCH, RJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2547 EP 2550 DI 10.1029/94GL02781 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400025 ER PT J AU SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP KOHN, DW WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PFISTER, L GOTTLIEB, EW MICHELSEN, HA YUE, GK PRATHER, MJ WILSON, JC BROCK, CA JONSSON, HH DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM KELLY, KK BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC CHAN, KR BOWEN, SW AF SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC ANDERSON, JG FAHEY, DW GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP KOHN, DW WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD PFISTER, L GOTTLIEB, EW MICHELSEN, HA YUE, GK PRATHER, MJ WILSON, JC BROCK, CA JONSSON, HH DYE, JE BAUMGARDNER, D PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM KELLY, KK BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC CHAN, KR BOWEN, SW TI THE DIURNAL-VARIATION OF HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, AND CHLORINE RADICALS - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HETEROGENEOUS PRODUCTION OF HNO2 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBERS; PEROXYNITRIC ACID; STRATOSPHERE AB In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained through sunrise and sunset in the lower stratosphere during SPADE are compared to results from a photochemical model constrained by observed concentrations of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on sulfate aerosols agree with measured concentrations of NO, NO2, and ClO throughout the day, but fail to account for high concentrations of OH and HO2 observed near sunrise and sunset. The morning burst of [OH] and [HO2] coincides with the rise of [NO] from photolysis of NO2, suggesting a new source of HOx that photolyzes in the near UV (350 to 400 nm) spectral region. A model that allows for the heterogeneous production of HNO2 results in an excellent simulation of the diurnal variations of [OH] and [HO2]. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80307. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210. RP SALAWITCH, RJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 NR 13 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2551 EP 2554 DI 10.1029/94GL02782 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400026 ER PT J AU JAEGLE, L WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, RS PROFFITT, MH STIMPFLE, RM SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC PFISTER, L AF JAEGLE, L WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, RS PROFFITT, MH STIMPFLE, RM SALAWITCH, RJ WOFSY, SC PFISTER, L TI IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE NO2/NO RATIO FOR TESTING ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERIC NO; OZONE; O-3; SPACELAB-3; PROFILES; N2O5 AB Simultaneous in situ measurements of NO2, NO, O3, ClO, pressure and temperature have been made for the first time, presenting a unique opportunity to test our current understanding of the photochemistry of the lower stratosphere. Data were collected from several flights of the ER-2 aircraft at mid-latitudes in May 1993 during NASA's Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE). The daytime ratio of NO2/NO remains fairly constant at 19 km with a typical value of 0.68 and standard deviation of +/- 0.17. The ratio observations are compared with simple steady-state calculations based on laboratory-measured reaction rates and modeled NO2 photolysis rates. At each measurement point the daytime NO2/NO with its measurement uncertainty overlap the results of steady-state calculations and associated uncertainty. However, over all the ER-2 flights examined, the model systematically overestimates the ratio by 40% on average. Possible sources of error are examined in both model and measurements. It is shown that more accurate laboratory determinations of the NO + O3 reaction rate and of the NO2 cross-sections in the 200-220 K temperature range characteristic of the lower stratosphere would allow for a more robust test of our knowledge of NOx photochemistry by reducing significant sources of uncertainties in the interpretation of stratospheric measurements. The present measurements are compared with earlier observations of the ratio at higher altitudes. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP JAEGLE, L (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,183-401,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2555 EP 2558 DI 10.1029/94GL02717 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400027 ER PT J AU DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM HINTSA, EJ ANDERSON, JG WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS AF DESSLER, AE WEINSTOCK, EM HINTSA, EJ ANDERSON, JG WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET OF THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; METHANE; CH4; CO AB We analyze the hydrogen budget of the lower stratosphere using simultaneous in situ measurements of northern hemispheric water vapor (H2O) and methane (CH4) obtained during the spring Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE), as well as previously published in situ H-2 data. Based on this data, we conclude that approximately two H2O molecules are produced for each CH4 molecule destroyed. This implies that H-2 production from CH4 oxidation is balanced by H-2 oxidation. The uncertainty in this analysis is greatly reduced by the use of multiple data sets. Additionally, we infer that, on an annual and global average, H2O enters the stratosphere with a mixing ratio of 4.2+/-0.5 ppmv, and that the quasi-conserved quantity 2x[CH4] + [H2O] has a value of 7.6+/-0.6 ppmv in these northern hemisphere air parcels (where [zeta] denotes the mixing ratio of the constituent zeta). C1 HARVARD UNIV,ATMOSPHER RES PROJECT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NOAA,CMDL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 NR 20 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2563 EP 2566 DI 10.1029/94GL02283 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400029 ER PT J AU WOFSY, SC BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC MCELROY, MB LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS FAHEY, DW AF WOFSY, SC BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC MCELROY, MB LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW DUTTON, GS FAHEY, DW TI VERTICAL TRANSPORT RATES IN THE STRATOSPHERE IN 1993 FROM OBSERVATIONS OF CO2, N2O AND CH4 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENTS; SIMULATIONS AB Measurements of CO2, N2O and CH4 are analyzed to define hemispheric average vertical exchange rates in the lower stratosphere from November 1992 to October 1993. Effective vertical diffusion coefficients were small in summer, less-than-or-equal-to 1 m2s-1 at altitudes below 25 km; values were similar near the tropopause in winter, but increased markedly with altitude. The analysis suggests possibly longer residence times for exhaust from stratospheric aircraft, and more efficient transport from 20 km to the middle stratosphere, than predicted by many current models. Seasonally-resolved measurements of stratopheric CO2 and N2O provide significant new constraints on rates for global-scale vertical transport. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80302. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP WOFSY, SC (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI 欧阳, 冰洁/G-2925-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2571 EP 2574 DI 10.1029/94GL02079 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400031 ER PT J AU ZHENG, J WEINHEIMER, AJ RIDLEY, BA LIU, SC SACHSE, GW ANDERSON, BE COLLINS, JE AF ZHENG, J WEINHEIMER, AJ RIDLEY, BA LIU, SC SACHSE, GW ANDERSON, BE COLLINS, JE TI AN ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES FROM ACCIDENTAL ENCOUNTERS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AASE-II; DC-8 AB An analysis of data obtained during the second Airbone Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE-II) was made with emphasis on aircraft exhaust plumes accidentally encountered during the mission. Twenty spikes were found with peak NO(y) increments greater-than-or-equal-to ppbv. The examination of CO and CO2 indicates that there was only one NO(y) spike having clearly corresponding spikes of both CO and CO2, and another four with unambigous CO2 spikes. No significant increases were found for CH4 and N2O for these 5 spikes. The ratio of the excess CO2 and NO(y) compares well with the ratio of published subsonic aircraft emission indices. The study of the selected spikes from the DC-8 and another two spikes observed during other missions shows that the odd nitrogen other than NO(x) accounts for a very small percentage of the NO(y) increase associated with the observed spikes. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,CRIES,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. RP ZHENG, J (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2579 EP 2582 DI 10.1029/94GL01694 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400033 ER PT J AU WAUGH, DW PLUMB, RA NEWMAN, PA SCHOEBERL, MR LAIT, LR LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW CHAN, KR AF WAUGH, DW PLUMB, RA NEWMAN, PA SCHOEBERL, MR LAIT, LR LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR ELKINS, JW CHAN, KR TI FINE-SCALE, POLEWARD TRANSPORT OF TROPICAL AIR DURING AASE-2 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE LATITUDES; AEROSOL; TRACER AB The poleward transport of tropical air in the lower stratosphere during the winter period of the second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (December 1991 - March 1992) is examined using contour advection calculations. These calculations show that filaments of tropical air extend into mid-latitudes, and are wrapped around the equatorward edge of the polar jet. Simultaneously filaments are drawn from the polar vortex and are intermingled with the filaments of tropical air. The tropical filaments are consistent with measurements of chemical tracers taken aboard the ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft which show localized regions, in mid-latitudes, of air with the characteristics of tropical air. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WAUGH, DW (reprint author), MIT,CTR METEOROL & PHYS OCEANOG,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2603 EP 2606 DI 10.1029/94GL01082 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400039 ER PT J AU YUE, GK VEIGA, RE POOLE, LR ZAWODNY, JM PROFFITT, MH AF YUE, GK VEIGA, RE POOLE, LR ZAWODNY, JM PROFFITT, MH TI ESTIMATED SAGE-II OZONE MIXING RATIOS IN EARLY 19930 AND COMPARISONS WITH STRATOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY, AEROSOLS AND DYNAMICS EXPEDITION MEASUREMENTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION AB An empirical time-series model for estimating ozone mixing ratios based on Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II monthly mean ozone data for the period October 1984 through June 1991 has been developed. The modeling results for ozone mixing ratios in the 10- to 30-km region in early months of 1993 are presented. In situ ozone profiles obtained by a dual-beam UV-absorption ozone photometer during the Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition campaign, May 1-14, 1993, are compared with the model results. With the exception of two profiles at altitudes below 16 km, ozone mixing ratios derived by the model and measured by the ozone photometer are in relatively good agreement within their individual uncertainties. The identified discrepancies in the two profiles are discussed. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,HAMPTON,VA 23666. NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP YUE, GK (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2607 EP 2610 DI 10.1029/94GL02282 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400040 ER PT J AU MELAMUD, M BENNETT, LH WATSON, RE AF MELAMUD, M BENNETT, LH WATSON, RE TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE PROPERTIES OF HARD MAGNETS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTH IRON NITRIDES; RARE-EARTH; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DISCLINATIONS; ANISOTROPIES; MOMENT; METAL; FE C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NUCL RES CTR NEGEV, IL-84190 BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL. RP NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6044 EP 6046 DI 10.1063/1.358360 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800005 ER PT J AU NUNEZ, V GIEBULTOWICZ, TM FASCHINGER, W BAUER, G SITTER, H FURDYNA, JK AF NUNEZ, V GIEBULTOWICZ, TM FASCHINGER, W BAUER, G SITTER, H FURDYNA, JK TI INTERLAYER CORRELATIONS AND HELICAL SPIN ORDERING IN MNTE/CDTE MULTILAYERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID STRAIN C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. JOHANNES KEPLER UNIV,A-4040 LINZ,AUSTRIA. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP NUNEZ, V (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6290 EP 6290 DI 10.1063/1.358308 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800086 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM NUNEZ, V SPRINGHOLZ, G BAUER, G CHEN, J DRESSELHAUS, MS FURDYNA, JK AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM NUNEZ, V SPRINGHOLZ, G BAUER, G CHEN, J DRESSELHAUS, MS FURDYNA, JK TI INTERLAYER COUPLING IN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC EUTE/PBTE SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV LINZ,LINZ,AUSTRIA. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6291 EP 6291 DI 10.1063/1.358309 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800087 ER PT J AU FUERST, CD HERBST, JF MISHRA, RK MCMICHAEL, RD AF FUERST, CD HERBST, JF MISHRA, RK MCMICHAEL, RD TI MAGNETIC AND MAGNETOCALORIC PROPERTIES OF MELT-SPUN GDXAG100-X ALLOYS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID CLUSTERS C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FUERST, CD (reprint author), GM CORP,NAO RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PHYS,30500 MOUND RD,WARREN,MI 48090, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6301 EP 6303 DI 10.1063/1.358317 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800092 ER PT J AU HUA, SZ LASHMORE, DS SALAMANCARIBA, L SCHWARZACHER, W SWARTZENRUBER, LJ MCMICHAEL, RD BENNETT, LH HART, R AF HUA, SZ LASHMORE, DS SALAMANCARIBA, L SCHWARZACHER, W SWARTZENRUBER, LJ MCMICHAEL, RD BENNETT, LH HART, R TI GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE PEAKS IN CONICU/CU MULTILAYERS GROWN BY ELECTRODEPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; EXCHANGE C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT PHYS,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. RP HUA, SZ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 16 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6519 EP 6521 DI 10.1063/1.358250 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800161 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N LYNN, JW GRIGEREIT, TE AF ROSOV, N LYNN, JW GRIGEREIT, TE TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF THE VORTEX LATTICE IN NIOBIUM AND R123 SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID NB; DIFFRACTION; STATE C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6772 EP 6777 DI 10.1063/1.358127 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800245 ER PT J AU KEIMER, B LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW DOGAN, F SHIH, WY AKSAY, IA AF KEIMER, B LYNN, JW ERWIN, RW DOGAN, F SHIH, WY AKSAY, IA TI VORTEX STRUCTURES IN YBA2CU3O7 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE; SCATTERING; STATES C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON MAT INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP KEIMER, B (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6778 EP 6783 DI 10.1063/1.358531 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800246 ER PT J AU BENNETT, LH SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ TURCHINSKAYA, MJ BLENDELL, JE HABIB, JM SEYOUM, HM AF BENNETT, LH SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ TURCHINSKAYA, MJ BLENDELL, JE HABIB, JM SEYOUM, HM TI LONG-TIME MAGNETIC-RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS ON A QUENCH MELT GROWTH YBCO SUPERCONDUCTOR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-CREEP; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS; PHASE; FIELD C1 UNIV DIST COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP BENNETT, LH (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6950 EP 6952 DI 10.1063/1.358084 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800306 ER PT J AU STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ AF STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ TI INFLUENCE OF CR GROWTH ON EXCHANGE COUPLING IN FE/CR/FE(100) (INVITED) (ABSTRACT) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NIST,ELECTRON PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 6992 EP 6992 DI 10.1063/1.358065 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800320 ER PT J AU ANKNER, JF SCHREYER, A ZABEL, H BORCHERS, JA MAJKRZAK, CF SCHAFER, M WOLF, JA GRUNBERG, P FILIPKOWSKI, ME GUTIERREZ, CJ KREBS, JJ PRINZ, GA AF ANKNER, JF SCHREYER, A ZABEL, H BORCHERS, JA MAJKRZAK, CF SCHAFER, M WOLF, JA GRUNBERG, P FILIPKOWSKI, ME GUTIERREZ, CJ KREBS, JJ PRINZ, GA TI POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY STUDIES OF BIQUADRATIC COUPLING IN [FE/CR] (100) AND [FE/AL] (100) SUPERLATTICES AND FILMS (INVITED) (ABSTRACT) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RUHR UNIV BOCHUM, FAK PHYS & ASTRON, D-44780 BOCHUM, GERMANY. NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP UNIV MISSOURI, RES REACTOR, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 7092 EP 7092 DI 10.1063/1.358038 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800356 ER PT J AU HSIEH, WT LI, WH LEE, KC LYNN, JW SHIEH, JH KU, HC AF HSIEH, WT LI, WH LEE, KC LYNN, JW SHIEH, JH KU, HC TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF PR IN PB2SR2PRCU3O8 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID IONS C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HSINCHU 300,TAIWAN. RP HSIEH, WT (reprint author), NATL CENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 7124 EP 7126 DI 10.1063/1.358051 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800368 ER PT J AU LI, WH JOU, CJ SHYR, ST LEE, KC LYNN, JW TSAY, HL YANG, HD AF LI, WH JOU, CJ SHYR, ST LEE, KC LYNN, JW TSAY, HL YANG, HD TI EFFECTS OF GA DOPING ON THE MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF PR IN PRBA2CU3O7 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN. RP LI, WH (reprint author), NATL CENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 10 BP 7136 EP 7138 DI 10.1063/1.358055 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT848 UT WOS:A1994PT84800372 ER PT J AU FORNEY, D JACOX, ME IRIKURA, KK AF FORNEY, D JACOX, ME IRIKURA, KK TI MATRIX-ISOLATION STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EXCITED NEON ATOMS WITH CF4 - INFRARED-SPECTRA OF CF3(+) AND CF3(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IONS; SOLID NEON; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC STATES; GROUP-IV; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; ANIONS; ARGON C1 NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 10 BP 8290 EP 8296 DI 10.1063/1.468094 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PR236 UT WOS:A1994PR23600002 ER PT J AU WEIDA, MJ SPERHAC, JM NESBITT, DJ HUTSON, JM AF WEIDA, MJ SPERHAC, JM NESBITT, DJ HUTSON, JM TI SIGNATURES OF LARGE-AMPLITUDE MOTION IN A WEAKLY-BOUND COMPLEX - HIGH-RESOLUTION IR SPECTROSCOPY AND QUANTUM CALCULATIONS FOR HECO2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; TO-STATE LEVEL; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; VANDERWAALS MOLECULE; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; PROPENSITY RULES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTRON-GAS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV DURHAM, DEPT CHEM, DURHAM DH1 3LE, ENGLAND. RP WEIDA, MJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622 NR 46 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 10 BP 8351 EP 8363 DI 10.1063/1.468099 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PR236 UT WOS:A1994PR23600008 ER PT J AU WILSON, WD JOHNS, E MOLINARI, RL AF WILSON, WD JOHNS, E MOLINARI, RL TI UPPER LAYER CIRCULATION IN THE WESTERN TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN DURING AUGUST-1989 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THERMOCLINE AB Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler velocity measurements and profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen measurements are used to map the flow field above the sigma(theta) = 26.8 isopycnal (approximately the upper 300 m of the water column) in the North Brazil Current (NBC) retroflection region (0 degrees to 14 degrees N, 60 degrees to 40 degrees W) during August of 1989. The water column is divided into a near-surface, upper thermocline layer (above sigma(theta) = 24.5) and a main to subthermocline layer (sigma(theta) = 24.5 to sigma(theta) = 26.8). In the upper layer the eastward flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) is composed of 16 x 10(6) m(3)/s of NBC transport that has retroflected from the m coast between 6 degrees N and 8 degrees N and 8 x 10(6) m(3)/s of North Equatorial Current (NEC) transport returning eastward. An anticyclonic eddy with a 10 x 10(6) m(3)/s transport lies m northwest of the NBC retroflection. No throughflow is observed along the boundary, and only a small portion of the observed NEC transport (1.5 x 10(6) m(3)/s) enters the Caribbean Sea. In the lower layer the NBC transports 8 x 10(6) m(3)/s into the subthermocline North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC). In addition, 15 x 10(6) m(3)/s joins the NEUC from the north. At 44 degrees W the subsurface core of the NEUC lies south of the near-surface core of the NECC. Nearly half of the NEUC transport is made up of a mixed water type with salinity-oxygen (S-O-2) characteristics intermediate to the characteristics of the original component transports. There is no evidence of continuous NBC flow into the Caribbean Sea in the lower level. The closed eddy to the north of the retroflection, however, contains water masses with South Atlantic S-O-2 properties. RP WILSON, WD (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV PHYS OCEANOG,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C11 BP 22513 EP 22523 DI 10.1029/94JC02066 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PR668 UT WOS:A1994PR66800012 ER PT J AU SCHUTTE, CL AF SCHUTTE, CL TI ENVIRONMENTAL DURABILITY OF GLASS-FIBER COMPOSITES SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS LA English DT Review ID SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL SHEAR-STRENGTH; EPOXY-RESINS; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; HYGROELASTIC BEHAVIOR; HYDROLYTIC STABILITY; SURFACE TREATMENTS; ACID ENVIRONMENTS AB Durability of glass-fiber/polymer composites is dictated by the durability of the components: glass fiber, matrix, and the interface. Environmental attack by moisture, for example, can degrade the strength of the glass fiber; plasticize, swell, or microcrack the resin; and degrade the fiber/matrix interface by either chemical or mechanical attack. The relative rates of these degradation processes are a function of the chemistry of the resin, temperature, length of time of exposure, degree of stress (whether cyclic or static), chemistry and morphology of coating of coupling agent on the glass fiber, and type of glass fiber. Several examples illustrate how the chemistry and morphology of the coatings of coupling agents that are on the glass fiber influence the strength and durability of the interfacial region. RP SCHUTTE, CL (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,POLYMER COMPOSITES GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 215 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0927-796X J9 MAT SCI ENG R JI Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 13 IS 7 BP 265 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0927-796X(94)90002-7 PG 59 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA QR753 UT WOS:A1994QR75300001 ER PT J AU AUST, JA MALONE, KJ VEASEY, DL SANFORD, NA ROSHKO, A AF AUST, JA MALONE, KJ VEASEY, DL SANFORD, NA ROSHKO, A TI PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED ND-DOPED WAVE-GUIDE LASER SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; AMPLIFIER AB A passively and-switched waveguide laser operating at 1.054 mu m has been demonstrated in a Nd-doped phosphate glass. The channel waveguide was fabricated by K-ion exchange from a nitrate melt. Passively and-switched pulses were achieved by placement of an acetate sheet containing an organic saturable-absorbing dye within the laser cavity. The resulting pulse train consisted of pulses with a FWHM of similar to 25 ns and peak powers of 3.04 W. With an 80% transmitting output coupler, cw operation of the laser provided 5.2 mW of output power at 1.054 mu m for 229 mW of absorbed 794-nm pump power. RP AUST, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPTOELECTR MFG GRP,325 BROADWAY,81504,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 22 BP 1849 EP 1851 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001849 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PR094 UT WOS:A1994PR09400017 PM 19855674 ER PT J AU ROCHFORD, KB ROSE, AH DEETER, MN DAY, GW AF ROCHFORD, KB ROSE, AH DEETER, MN DAY, GW TI FARADAY-EFFECT CURRENT SENSOR WITH IMPROVED SENSITIVITY-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS AB We report a new design for a Faraday effect current sensor based on yttrium iron garnet that has substantially greater bandwidth than previous designs and is much easier to fabricate. The measured sensitivity is 0.7 degrees/A, with a -3-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz, which gives an improvement in sensitivity-bandwidth product of approximately 45. A noise-equivalent current of 840 nA/Hz(1/2) was measured at 1.8 kHz by difference-over-sum processing. The use of turning prisms with phase-preserving coatings greatly simplifies construction, improves electrical isolation, and increases sensitivity through proximity effects. RP ROCHFORD, KB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECTR,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 22 BP 1903 EP 1905 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001903 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PR094 UT WOS:A1994PR09400035 PM 19855692 ER PT J AU GRIGEREIT, TE LYNN, JW HUANG, Q SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF AF GRIGEREIT, TE LYNN, JW HUANG, Q SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF TI OBSERVATION OF OSCILLATORY MAGNETIC ORDER IN THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTOR HONI2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERRH4B4; FERROMAGNETISM; DESTRUCTION; TRANSITION; HOMO6S8 C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP GRIGEREIT, TE (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 20 BP 2756 EP 2759 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2756 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PQ932 UT WOS:A1994PQ93200030 ER PT J AU GAYLE, FW GOODWAY, M AF GAYLE, FW GOODWAY, M TI PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN THE FIRST AEROSPACE ALUMINUM-ALLOY - THE WRIGHT FLYER CRANKCASE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERCENT CU; AL-1.7; ZONES AB Aluminum has had an essential part in aerospace history from its very inception: An aluminum copper alloy (with a copper composition of 8 percent by weight) was used in the engine that powered the historic first flight of the Wright brothers in 1903. Examination of this alloy shows that it is precipitation-hardened by Guinier-Preston zones in a bimodal distribution, with larger zones (10 to 22 nanometers) originating in the casting practice and finer ones (3 nanometers) resulting from ambient aging over the last 90 years. The precipitation hardening in the Wright Flyer crankcase occurred earlier than the experiments of Wilm in 1909, when such hardening was first discovered, and predates the accepted first aerospace application of precipitation-hardened aluminum in 1910. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GAYLE, FW (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5187 BP 1015 EP 1017 DI 10.1126/science.266.5187.1015 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PQ924 UT WOS:A1994PQ92400035 PM 17779943 ER PT J AU GIROUX, ML SUTHERLAND, RS SHULL, JM AF GIROUX, ML SUTHERLAND, RS SHULL, JM TI MULTIPHASE GAS IN QUASAR ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; ISM; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; QUASARS; ABSORPTION LINES ID HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERSTELLAR; ABUNDANCE; GALAXIES; CLOUDS; MODELS; RATIO AB In the standard model for H I Lyman-limit (LL) quasar absorption-line systems, the absorbing matter is galactic disk and halo gas, heated and photoionized by the metagalactic radiation field produced by active galaxies. In recent Hubble Space Telescope observations (Reimers et al. 1992; Vogel and Reimers 1993; Reimers and Vogel 1993) of LL systems along the line of sight to the quasar HS 1700+6416, surprisingly high He I/H I ratios and a wide distribution of column densities of C, N, and O ions are deduced from extreme ultraviolet absorption lines. We show that these observations are incompatible with photoionization equilibrium by a single metagalactic ionizing background. We argue that these quasar absorption systems possess a multiphase interstellar medium similar to that of our Galaxy, in which extended hot, collisionally ionized gas is responsible for some or all of the high ionization stages of heavy elements. From the He/H ratios we obtain -4.0 less than or equal to log U less than or equal to -3.0, while the CNO ions are consistent with hot gas in collisional ionization equilibrium at log T = 5.3 and [O/H] = -1.6. The supernova rate necessary to produce these heavy elements and maintain the hot-gas energy budget of similar to 10(41.5) ergs s(-1) is similar to 10(-2) yr(-1), similar to that which maintains the ''three-phase'' interstellar medium in our own Galaxy. As a consequence of the change in interpretation from photoionized gas to a multiphase medium, the derived heavy-element abundances (e.g., O/C) of these systems are open to question owing to substantial ionization corrections for unseen C v in the hot phase. The metal-line ratios may also lead to erroneous diagnostics of the shape of the metagalactic ionizing spectrum and the ionizing parameter of the absorbers. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GIROUX, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/187603 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ973 UT WOS:A1994PQ97300005 ER PT J AU STEPHENS, G AF STEPHENS, G TI HURRICANE-ANDREW SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article RP STEPHENS, G (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,E-SP22,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3131 EP 3132 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PT573 UT WOS:A1994PT57300001 ER PT J AU JACKSON, NL STEPHENS, G AF JACKSON, NL STEPHENS, G TI HURRICANE-ANDREW FROM THE POLAR ORBITING SATELLITE PERSPECTIVE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Hurricane Andrew rampaged across Florida and Louisiana causing businesses and homes to be lost and leaving thousands of people homeless. This storm was a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale and generated winds of 145 miles per hour (65 m s-1) with gusts exceeding 175 miles per hour (78 m s-1). Billions of dollars were needed for repairs, shelters, and public utilities. Federal organizations like the National Guard and large corporations provided communities with shelter, food and clothing. Hurricane Andrew ... a storm Americans will never forget. The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates the nation's operational environmental satellite systems. The Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) provide coverage to meet the needs of users in the government, public, private, and scientific communities for research and development, training, and educational purposes. A description of the POES system is given with example images of Hurricane Andrew, demonstrating the utility of polar orbiting satellites in tracking and analyzing destructive storms. RP JACKSON, NL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3133 EP 3139 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PT573 UT WOS:A1994PT57300002 ER PT J AU ZHANG, M SCOFIELD, RA AF ZHANG, M SCOFIELD, RA TI ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING HEAVY CONVECTIVE RAINFALL AND RECOGNIZING CLOUD MERGERS FROM SATELLITE DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This research presents an artificial neural network (ANN) technique for heavy convective rainfall estimation and cloud merger recognition from satellite data. An Artificial Neural network expert system for Satellite-derived Estimation of Rainfall (ANSER) has been developed in the NOAA/NESDIS Satellite Applications Laboratory. Using artificial neural network group techniques, the following can be achieved: automatic recognition of cloud mergers, computation of rainfall amounts that will be ten times faster, and average errors of the rainfall estimates for the total precipitation event that will be reduced to less that 10 per cent. RP ZHANG, M (reprint author), NOAA,CTR SCI,NESDIS SATELLITE APPLICAT LAB,ROOM 601,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3241 EP 3261 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PT573 UT WOS:A1994PT57300011 ER PT J AU SMITH, WHF SANDWELL, DT AF SMITH, WHF SANDWELL, DT TI BATHYMETRIC PREDICTION FROM DENSE SATELLITE ALTIMETRY AND SPARSE SHIPBOARD BATHYMETRY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN; SOUTH-PACIFIC; EXPERIMENTAL ISOSTASY; ATLANTIC OCEAN; MARINE GRAVITY; WORLDS OCEANS; PROFILES; TOPOGRAPHY; AGE; COMPENSATION AB The southern oceans (south of 30 degrees S) are densely covered with satellite-derived gravity data (track spacing 2-4 km) and sparsely covered with shipboard depth soundings (hundreds of kilometers between tracks in some areas). Flexural isostatic compensation theory suggests that bathymetry and downward continued gravity data may show linear correlation in a band of wavelengths 15-160 km, if sediment cover is thin and seafloor relief is moderate. At shorter wavelengths, the gravity field is insensitive to seafloor topography because of upward continuation from the seafloor to the sea surface; at longer wavelengths, isostatic compensation cancels out most of the gravity field due to the seafloor topography. We combine this theory with Wiener optimization theory and empirical evidence for gravity noise-to-signal ratios to design low-pass and band-pass filters to use in predicting bathymetry from gravity. The prediction combines long wavelengths (> 160 km) from low-pass-filtered soundings with an intermediate-wavelength solution obtained from multiplying downward continued, band-pass filtered (15-160 km) gravity data by a scaling factor S. S is empirically determined from the correlation between gravity data and existing soundings in the 15-160 km band by robust regression and varies at long wavelengths. We find that areas with less than 200 m of sediment cover show correlation between gravity and bathymetry significant at the 99% level, and S may be related to the density of seafloor materials in these areas. The prediction has a horizontal resolution limit of 5-10 km in position and is within 100 m of actual soundings at 50% of grid points and within 240 m at 80% of these. In areas of very rugged topography the prediction underestimates the peak amplitudes of seafloor features. Images of the prediction reveal many tectonic features not seen on any existing bathymetric charts. Because the prediction relies on the gravity field at wavelengths < 160 km, it is insensitive to errors in the navigation of sounding lines but also cannot completely reproduce them. Therefore it may be used to locate tectonic features but should not be used to assess hazards to navigation. The prediction is available from the National Geophysical Data Center in both digital and printed form. C1 SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RP NOAA, GEOSCI LAB,NATL OCEAN SERV,CODE N-OES-12,SSMC-4, STN 8423, 1305 E WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD USA. RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 60 TC 246 Z9 262 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B11 BP 21803 EP 21824 DI 10.1029/94JB00988 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PR675 UT WOS:A1994PR67500018 ER PT J AU CHRISTIDES, C DEVLIN, E SIMOPOULOS, A MEIDINE, MF EVANS, DJ PAUL, RL AF CHRISTIDES, C DEVLIN, E SIMOPOULOS, A MEIDINE, MF EVANS, DJ PAUL, RL TI AN IRON-CARBONYL DERIVATIVE OF C-60 EXAMINED WITH MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; C60 AB Mossbauer measurements performed between 5 and 300 K on polycrystalline powder of an iron-carbonyl derivative of C-60 reveal two inequivalent iron sites. The first site displays a quadrupole split doubler at all temperatures, assigned to an [{Fe(CO)(4)}(x)(eta(2)-C-60)] adduct (X unknown). This iron site presents an S = 0 spin state and a negative isomer shift indicating that C-60 acts as an electron pair donor to the metal center. The average effective hyperfine field for the second site is characteristic of an Fe(III) high-spin (S = 5/2) state and exhibits relaxation effects, This Fe(III) sextet splits into two subspectra, on the application of a magnetic field, which can be assigned to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of gamma-Fe2O3 microparticles formed on the grain surface. C1 UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON BN1 9QJ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. UNIV SUSSEX, AFRC, INST PLANT SCI RES, NITROGEN FIXAT LAB, BRIGHTON BN1 9RQ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. NIST, DIV REACTOR, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP CHRISTIDES, C (reprint author), NATL CTR SCI RES DEMOKRITOS, INST MAT SCI, GR-15310 ATHENS, GREECE. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 45 BP 11666 EP 11668 DI 10.1021/j100096a007 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PQ944 UT WOS:A1994PQ94400007 ER PT J AU WONGNG, W ROTH, RS AF WONGNG, W ROTH, RS TI SINGLE-CRYSTAL STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF BAO2 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB This paper reports the first structural study of BaO2 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals grown from the melt of Ba (NO3)(2) in an Ag tube often show twin boundaries. Twinning can also be induced by further pressing of the crystal surface with a needle. BaO2 is tetragonal I4/mmm, with a = 3.8114(6) (or F4/mmm, with a = 5.3901(6)) and c = 6.8215(11)Angstrom. The structure of BaO2 is sodium chloride-like with the peroxide groups aligned alo ng the c-axis. Each Ba is coordinated to a total of 10 oxygens with eight of the Ba...O distances being 2.797(1)Angstrom and the other two 2.664(2)Angstrom. The O-O length in the peroxide unit is found to be 1.493(2)Angstrom, which follows the trend of bond lengths versus bond order in a series of homoatomic oxygen molecules and ions. The crystal appears to be stoichiometric in oxygen. RP WONGNG, W (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 233 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)00562-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PT214 UT WOS:A1994PT21400013 ER PT J AU KULKARNI, S KRAUSE, S WIGNALL, GD HAMMOUDA, B AF KULKARNI, S KRAUSE, S WIGNALL, GD HAMMOUDA, B TI INVESTIGATION OF THE PORE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF CELLULOSE-ACETATE MEMBRANES USING SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING .1. CELLULOSE-ACETATE ACTIVE LAYER MEMBRANES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PHASE INVERSION AB The structure of ultrathin cellulose acetate membranes, known as active layer membranes, has been investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. These membranes are known to have structural and functional similarity to the surface or ''skin'' layer in commercial reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes and hence are useful model systems for understanding the structure of the RO membrane skin layer. Active layer membranes were studied after swelling them with either D2O or CD3OD. The results in both cases clearly indicated the presence of very small (10-20 Angstrom) porous structures in the membrane. The presence of such pores has been a subject of long-standing controversy in this area. The data was analyzed using a modified Debye-Bueche analysis and the resultant membrane structure was seen to agree well with structural information from electron microscopic studies. Finally, a possible explanation for the differences in scattering observed between the D2O swollen membranes and the CD3OD swollen membranes has been presented. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,POLYMER SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,TROY,NY 12180. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM,TROY,NY 12180. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NIST,CTR HIGH RESOLUT NEUTRON SCATTERING,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 7 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 23 BP 6777 EP 6784 DI 10.1021/ma00101a016 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PQ783 UT WOS:A1994PQ78300016 ER PT J AU VANZANTEN, JH AF VANZANTEN, JH TI TERMINALLY ANCHORED CHAIN INTERPHASES - THEIR CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ADSORBED BLOCK COPOLYMERS; GRAFTED POLYMER BRUSH; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; MONOLAYERS; MICELLES; SOLUTE; THERMODYNAMICS; ORGANIZATION; SOLVENTS; SURFACES AB A previously developed Flory-type mean-field analysis of the mixing of a multicomponent, polydisperse solvent with an interphase of terminally anchored chains of finite extensibility is utilized in the determination of the chromatographic properties of the interphase. In the limit of dilute solute species this approach leads to simple, analytical expressions which describe the partitioning and retention of solute molecules in the interphase. These interphases could be surface-grafted polymer layers or block polymers at interfaces. The partitioning and retention of solute molecules in the interphase depend on the chain configurations, the entropy of mixing, and the contact interaction among the species present. The theory allows for the calculation of average or global properties such as the polymer, solvent, and solute volume fractions in the interphase, the interphase thickness, and solute partition coefficients and retention factors. The partitioning and retention of the solute molecules are found to depend explicitly on the surface density of the terminally anchored chains, solvent strength, terminally anchored chain length, solute size, and the various interactions among the species present. Size exclusion and enhancement, affinity, and gradient chromatography are considered. RP VANZANTEN, JH (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 7 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 23 BP 6797 EP 6807 DI 10.1021/ma00101a019 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PQ783 UT WOS:A1994PQ78300019 ER PT J AU KIM, KD SPERLING, LH KLEIN, A HAMMOUDA, B AF KIM, KD SPERLING, LH KLEIN, A HAMMOUDA, B TI REPTATION TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND COSURFACTANT EFFECTS ON THE MOLECULAR INTERDIFFUSION RATE DURING POLYSTYRENE LATEX FILM FORMATION SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; POLYMER DIFFUSION; PARTICLE COALESCENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; WEIGHT; INTERFACES; CHAIN; SANS; DEPENDENCE AB The interdiffusion of polymer chains during film formation from direct mini-emulsified deuterated and protonated polystyrenes (DPS = mol wt 150 000 and 185 000; HPS = mol wt 150 000 and 200 000) was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and tensile strength measurements. Films containing 6 mol % deuterated particles were annealed at several temperatures above T-g for various periods of time. The average interpenetration depth of deuterated polystyrene chains depended on the one-fourth power of the annealing time up to the reptation time, tau, shifting to the one-half power after the reptation time. The center of mass diffusion coefficients from the SANS data were 2.4 x 10(-16) cm(2)/s for M(2) = 150 000 and 1.5 x 10(-16) cm(2)/s for M(n) = 185 000 at an annealing temperature of 135 degrees C. The diffusion activation energies of the present system were 52 +/- 4 kcal/mol for the temperature range 125 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 155 degrees C. Full tensile strength was achieved at a penetration depth of 90-100 Angstrom, which is comparable to 0.81 times the radius of gyration of the whole polystyrene chain (86 Angstrom for M(n) 150 000) predicted theoretically. Finally, latex samples containing 1.5 wt % cosurfactants showed a faster interdiffusion rate especially at t > tau and a smaller activation energy than the corresponding pure latex sample. C1 LEHIGH UNIV, CTR POLYMER SCI & ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. LEHIGH UNIV, MAT RES CTR, DEPT CHEM ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. LEHIGH UNIV, INST EMULS POLYMERS, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. LEHIGH UNIV, CTR POLYMER INTERFACES, WHITAKER LAB 5, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 7 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 23 BP 6841 EP 6850 DI 10.1021/ma00101a024 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PQ783 UT WOS:A1994PQ78300024 ER PT J AU VIERHELLER, TR FOSTER, MD SCHMIDT, A MATHAUER, K KNOLL, W WEGNER, G SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF AF VIERHELLER, TR FOSTER, MD SCHMIDT, A MATHAUER, K KNOLL, W WEGNER, G SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF TI STRUCTURE AND THERMAL-STABILITY OF LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-KUHN LAYERS OF HAIRY-ROD POLYMERS PROBED WITH NEUTRON AND X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THERMOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDES; LIQUID-MIXTURES; FILMS; L-GLUTAMATE); MULTILAYERS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE AB The microstructure and thermal stability of multilayer thin films of rodlike polyglutamate copolymers having flexible aliphatic side chains have been studied with X-ray and neutron reflectometry. The complementary sensitivity of X-rays and neutrons and the use of four different sequences of protonated and deuterated molecules provides an enhanced level of structural discrimination. Within bilayers formed upon deposition, the backbones are located preferentially near the center, with backbones from the two layers overlapping strongly. The side chains of molecules in adjacent layers belonging to different bilayers interdigitate substantially, and interdigitation between layers within a bilayer is seen as well. Upon annealing at 70 or 84 degrees C, the backbone positions within each bilayer relax. However, there is no ascertainable interlayer interdiffusion and the nature of the side chain interdigitation does not change. No evidence is found for the formation, with annealing, of a three-dimensional ordered structure. C1 UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER RES,D-55021 MAINZ 1,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RIKEN,INST PHYS & CHEM RES,FRONTIER RES PROGRAM,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 7 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 23 BP 6893 EP 6902 DI 10.1021/ma00101a030 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PQ783 UT WOS:A1994PQ78300030 ER PT J AU POTTER, MJ GILSON, MK MCCAMMON, JA AF POTTER, MJ GILSON, MK MCCAMMON, JA TI MOLECULE PK(A) PREDICTION WITH CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATICS CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; PROTEINS C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP POTTER, MJ (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 22 BP 10298 EP 10299 DI 10.1021/ja00101a059 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PP754 UT WOS:A1994PP75400059 ER PT J AU PAGE, SH MORRISON, JF CHRISTENSEN, RG CHOQUETTE, SJ AF PAGE, SH MORRISON, JF CHRISTENSEN, RG CHOQUETTE, SJ TI INSTRUMENT FOR EVALUATING PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF MIXTURES FOR SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXPERIMENTS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANOL; HIGH-PRESSURES; BINARY-MIXTURES; N-HEXANE; SYSTEMS; GAS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUBILITIES; TOLUENE AB Fluid phase behavior has a profound impact on supercritical fluid chromatography performance. The effect of fluid phase behavior on supercritical fluid extraction performance has not been studied. Generally, methods available to generate phase diagrams of fluid mixtures are time-consuming. This paper describes relatively easily constructed instrumentation for the rapid screening of fluid mixtures to determine whether or not they are single phase. Either scattered or transmitted light can be used to probe the phase behavior of the fluids. Examples using CO2/methanol and CO2/water are presented. The phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures of CO2 or Freon (R22, chlorodifluoromethane) with methanol/triethylamine/water was determined. RP PAGE, SH (reprint author), NIST,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 21 BP 3553 EP 3557 DI 10.1021/ac00093a003 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PP235 UT WOS:A1994PP23500005 ER PT J AU CAREY, CM RIGGAN, WB AF CAREY, CM RIGGAN, WB TI CYCLIC POLYAMINE IONOPHORE FOR USE IN A DIBASIC PHOSPHATE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE ELECTRODES; COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; LIQUID MEMBRANE AB A cyclic polyamine, 3-decyl-1,5,8-triazacyclodecane-2,4-dione (N-3-cyclic amine), was used as the ionophore for a dibasic phosphate-selective electrode. This electrode exhibited a linear response between 1.0 mu mol/L and 0.1 mol/L dibasic phosphate activity with a near-Nernstian slope of similar to-29 mV per activity decade. The electrode selectivity for dibasic phosphate over other commonly occurring anions was evaluated. A mechanism for the selectivity of the electrode toward HOP42- ions is postulated to be a function of the size and charge of the N-3-cyclic amine ionophore relative to the size and charge of HPO42- ions. The electrode's superior selectivity and sensitivity make possible the direct measurement of phosphate activity in a wide variety of applications. RP CAREY, CM (reprint author), NIST,PAFTENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE10851] NR 22 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 21 BP 3587 EP 3591 DI 10.1021/ac00093a009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PP235 UT WOS:A1994PP23500011 PM 7802252 ER PT J AU FAIRGRIEVE, WT MYERS, MS HARDY, RW DONG, FM AF FAIRGRIEVE, WT MYERS, MS HARDY, RW DONG, FM TI GASTRIC ABNORMALITIES IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) FED AMINE-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS OR CHICKEN GIZZARD-EROSION-POSITIVE FISH-MEAL SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE FISH MEAL; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; FEEDING AND NUTRITION - FISH, PATHOGENIC; PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS; GIZZEROSINE; GASTRIC ABNORMALITIES; GIZZARD EROSION ID ACID SECRETION; BROILER CHICKS; HISTAMINE; GIZZEROSINE; SUBSTANCE; INDUCER; GROWTH AB Fish meals produced from fish containing high levels of histamine can be acutely toxic to chickens, causing gizzard erosion (GE), black vomit disease, and death after 3-5 days of feeding. Fish meals are sometimes selected for aquaculture use on the basis of chicken toxicity testing, although little scientific evidence exists to support this practice. Ln this study, growth, feed intake, and development of gastric abnormalities were assessed in juvenile rainbow trout fed diets containing fish meal acutely toxic to chickens, or fed casein or fish meal diets supplemented with histamine and two suspected potentiators of histamine toxicity, putrescine and cadaverine, and abusively heated. No signs of acute toxicity or mortality occurred in the groups of fish during the course of the 16-week study. Fish fed diets containing GE-positive fish meal had distended stomachs, but no gastric lesions or cellular abnormalities. Similar effects were obtained by feeding diets containing casein or GE-negative fish meal supplemented with histamine (2000 mg/kg dry diet). The addition of putrescine and cadaverine (500 mg/kg dry diet each) to the histamine-supplemented diets had no further effect. Feed consumption, feed efficiency, and growth were similar among dietary treatments, indicating that stomach distention did not reduce feed intake or impair gastric function. This study showed that rainbow trout are less sensitive than chickens to GE-positive fish meal and that there is no correlation between positive GE score and the nutritional value of the fish meal for rainbow trout. This study also showed that stomach distention resulting from feeding diets containing GE-positive fish meal could be duplicated by feeding diets supplemented with 2000 mg histamine/kg diet. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,INST FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98105. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 127 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90428-6 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PQ810 UT WOS:A1994PQ81000012 ER PT J AU PARUNGO, F NAGAMOTO, C ZHOU, MY HANSEN, ADA HARRIS, J AF PARUNGO, F NAGAMOTO, C ZHOU, MY HANSEN, ADA HARRIS, J TI AEOLIAN TRANSPORT OF AEROSOL BLACK CARBON FROM CHINA TO THE OCEAN SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AEROSOL BLACK CARBON; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION ID METEOROLOGICAL DATA; SOUTH-POLE; PARTICLES; UNCERTAINTY; RESOLUTION; KUWAIT AB To investigate long-range transport of aerosol black carbon (BC) from China to the downwind seas and ocean, BC concentrations were measured in Beijing city, at a rural station near Beijing city, and at a rural station near Shanghai, for information about source strengths. Aerosol samples were also collected on board research ships in four cruises over the East China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean to determine BC distribution. The data were used to verify a simple one-dimensional transport model. In the marine boundary layer with prevailing westerlies of 5 m s-1, the BC total deposition rate, including both dry deposition and wet deposition, was computed as - 1 x 10(-5) s-1, and the half-life was estimated to be 19 h. The residence time was approximately 5 d, concentrations subsequently diminishing to the background level. Longer lifetime and farther transport would be probable in the free troposphere. Because BC particles have great surface areas and are very absorbent of electromagnetic waves, their concentration and distribution in the atmosphere may have profound effects on radiation budgets and climate change. C1 NATL RES CTR MARINE ENVIRONM FORECASTS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PARUNGO, F (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 28 IS 20 BP 3251 EP 3260 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00164-G PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PW172 UT WOS:A1994PW17200006 ER PT J AU RAY, AK BANERJEE, S FULLER, ER DAS, SK DAS, G AF RAY, AK BANERJEE, S FULLER, ER DAS, SK DAS, G TI FRACTOGRAPHY AS WELL AS FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF 25-WT-PERCENT SILICON-CARBIDE WHISKER-REINFORCED ALUMINA CERAMIC COMPOSITE SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALUMINA; SILICON CARBIDE; WHISKERS; FATIGUE; TRANSGRANULAR; INTERGRANULAR; FRACTURE STRENGTH ID BEHAVIOR; CRACK AB Fatigue cracked and fast fractured regions in four-point bend specimens prepared from 25 wt% silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina composite were examined by scanning electron microscopy. This composite was found to be susceptible to a fatigue crack growth phenomenon similar to that in the case of metallic materials, but with a higher crack growth exponent. In the fatigue region, the alumina matrix failed mainly in a transgranular mode and the whiskers mainly failed with a flat fracture surface but without their pullout. On the other hand, in the fast fracture region, the whiskers failed predominantly by pullout and the alumina matrix failed in a mixed mode with about half in transgranular and the other half in intergranular mode. Thus, to improve the fracture toughness of the material, the grain boundary strength of alumina and the matrix whisker interfacial bonding should be improved. To increase the resistance to fatigue, the fracture strength of the alumina grains should be improved by using finer alpha-alumina particles and the fatigue strength of the whisker have to be increased by improving the uniformity in distribution of beta-SiC whiskers during hot pressing. C1 NATL MET LAB,DIV MTC,JAMSHEDPUR 831007,BIHAR,INDIA. SAIL,CTR RES & DEV,RANCHI 834002,BIHAR,INDIA. NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RAY, AK (reprint author), NATL MET LAB,DIV MTE,JAMSHEDPUR 831007,BIHAR,INDIA. RI Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-4707 J9 B MATER SCI JI Bull. Mat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 893 EP 910 DI 10.1007/BF02757567 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QD474 UT WOS:A1994QD47400029 ER PT J AU PRADIP PREMACHANDRAN, RS MALGHAN, SG AF PRADIP PREMACHANDRAN, RS MALGHAN, SG TI ELECTROKINETIC BEHAVIOR AND DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS OF CERAMIC POWDERS WITH CATIONIC AND ANIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ELECTROKINETICS; DISPERSION; ALUMINA; ZIRCONIA; SILICON NITRIDE; POLYELECTROLYTES; ELECTROACOUSTOPHORESIS; DARVAN-C; BETZ 1190 ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALUMINA; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Three different ceramic powders, viz. alumina, zirconia and silicon nitride were dispersed using two polyelectrolytes, one cationic (Betz 1190) and the other anionic (Darvan-C). All powders examined during the study could be well dispersed only under conditions of polymer dosage and pH such that the working pH is at least 2 pH units away from the pH(IEP) of the powder-dispersant combination. The shift in the isoelectric point (IEP) of the powders were determined through electro-acoustic measurements on 1% volume suspensions. Specific free energy of interaction were also computed using a model based on the electrical double layer theory of surfactant absorption. C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PRADIP (reprint author), TATA RES DEV & DESIGN CTR,1 MANGALDAS RD,POONA 411001,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-4707 J9 B MATER SCI JI Bull. Mat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.1007/BF02757568 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QD474 UT WOS:A1994QD47400030 ER PT J AU BREAKER, LC KRASNOPOLSKY, VM RAO, DB YAN, XH AF BREAKER, LC KRASNOPOLSKY, VM RAO, DB YAN, XH TI THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTIMATING OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS ON AN OPERATIONAL BASIS USING SATELLITE FEATURE TRACKING METHODS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The feasibility of using a relatively new technique, often referred to as satellite feature tracking, for estimating ocean surface currents is described. sequential satellite imagery is used to determine the displacements of selected ocean features over the time intervals between successive images. Both thermal infrared (IR) imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and ocean color imagery have been used to conduct feature tracking. Both subjective and objective techniques related to feature tracking exist to estimate surface flow fields. Because of the requirement for accurate earth location and coregistration of the imagery used in feature tracking, the technique has been primarily restricted to coastal regions where landmarks are available to renavigate the satellite data. The technique is identical in concept to the approach that has been used in meteorology for the past 25 years to estimate low-level winds from geostationary satellite data. Initially, a description of the feature tracking technique is given, followed by the history of satellite feature tracking in oceanography. Next, the limitations associated with this technique are discussed. Also, only a few validation studies have been conducted to Verify the results of satellite feature tracking. These studies are summarized together with some new results. Although this technique produces surface flow patterns that generally agree with the expected patterns of flow, discrepancies in speed and direction are often found when detailed comparisons with in situ observations are made. With respect to current speeds in particular, serious underestimates have occasionally been observed. A case study is given illustrating the technique for the slope water region off the U.S. East Coast. Finally, an example of a surface current analysis that is being produced experimentally for one region off the East Coast is presented. In spite of certain limitations, this technique offers the potential for acquiring synoptic-scale coverage of the surf ace circulation in coastal areas on a quasi-continuous basis. Such information will be vital in supporting hydrodynamic circulation models that are currently being developed for U.S. coastal waters. C1 GEN SCI CORP,LAUREL,MD. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE. RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2085 EP 2095 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2085:TFOEOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT572 UT WOS:A1994PT57200001 ER PT J AU BARNSTON, AG VANDENDOOL, HM ZEBIAK, SE BARNETT, TP JI, M RODENHUIS, DR CANE, MA LEETMAA, A GRAHAM, NE ROPELEWSKI, CR KOUSKY, VE OLENIC, EA LIVEZEY, RE AF BARNSTON, AG VANDENDOOL, HM ZEBIAK, SE BARNETT, TP JI, M RODENHUIS, DR CANE, MA LEETMAA, A GRAHAM, NE ROPELEWSKI, CR KOUSKY, VE OLENIC, EA LIVEZEY, RE TI LONG-LEAD SEASONAL FORECASTS - WHERE DO WE STAND SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; STATISTICAL-MODELS; AIR TEMPERATURES; PREDICTION AB The National Weather Service intends to begin routinely issuing long-lead forecasts of 3-month mean U. S. temperature and precipitation by the beginning of 1995. The ability to produce useful forecasts for certain seasons and regions at projection times of up to 1 yr is attributed to advances in data observing and processing, computer capability, and physical understanding-particularly, for tropical ocean-atmosphere phenomena. Because much of the skill of the forecasts comes from anomalies of tropical SST related to ENSO, we highlight here long-lead forecasts of the tropical Pacific SST itself, which have higher skill than the U.S forecasts that are made largely on their basis. The performance of five ENSO prediction systems is examined: Two are dynamical [the Cane-Zebiak simple coupled model of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the nonsimple coupled model of the National Centersfor Environmental Prediction (NCEP)]; one is a hybrid coup red mode I (the Scripps Institution for Oceanography-Max Planck Institute for Meteorology system with a full ocean general circulation model and a statistical atmosphere); and two are statistical (canonical correlation analysis and constructed analogs, used at the Climate Prediction Center of NCEP). With increasing physical understanding, dynamically based forecasts have the potential to became more skillful than purely statistical ones. Currently, however, the two approaches deliver roughly equally skillful forecasts, and the simplest model performs about as well as the more comprehensive models. At a lead time of 6 months (defined here as the time between the end of the latest observed period and the beginning of the predictand period), the SST forecasts have an overall correlation skill in the 0.60s for 1982-93, which easily outperforms persistence and is regarded as useful. skill for extratropical surface climate is this high only in limited regions for certain seasons. Both types of forecasts are not much better than local higher-order autoregressive controls. However, continual progress is being made in understanding relations among global oceanic and atmospheric climate-scale anomaly fields. It is important that more real-time forecasts be made before we rush to judgement. Performance in the real-time setting is the ultimate test of the utility of a long-lead forecast. The National Weather Service's plan to implement new operational long-lead seasonal forecast products demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying and transferring ''cutting edge'' technologies from theory to applications. This could not have been accomplished without close ties with, and the active cooperation of, the academic and research communities. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NSW,NCEP,CTR CLIMATE PREDICT,WNP51,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,ROOM 604,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Cane, Mark/I-8086-2012 NR 71 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2097 EP 2114 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2097:LLSFDW>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT572 UT WOS:A1994PT57200002 ER PT J AU GRUBER, A ELLINGSON, R ARDANUY, P WEISS, M YANG, SK OH, SN AF GRUBER, A ELLINGSON, R ARDANUY, P WEISS, M YANG, SK OH, SN TI A COMPARISON OF ERBE AND AVHRR LONGWAVE FLUX ESTIMATES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; TERM CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; EARTH; TELECONNECTIONS AB Comparisons have been made between estimates of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere derived from narrowband Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and broadband Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning instruments. Four months of measurements are considered: April, July, and October 1985 and January 1986. instantaneous comparisons (i.e., collocated in space and time) are considered. In the former, regional, zonal, and global analyses are performed using collocated and coincident OLR estimates on a 2.5 degrees latitude-longitude scale. In general, the two datasets are found to be in reasonably good agreement, with the mean state and fundamental variability in time and space captured by the two sets of measurements. However, systematic biases are observed between the two datasets, particularly over the subtropical oceans, the daytime deserts, and over snow-covered surfaces at the high latitudes. The monthly global bias between the two datasets (ERBE minus AVHRR) is between-1 and 2 W m(-2) during daytime, and between 4 and 7 W m(-2) during nighttime, while the rms differences range between 12 (June) and 15 (January) W m(-2). Radiative transfer simulations show that these systematic errors may be attributed to imitations in the single-channel narrowband to broadband algorithm. Even though the results may be globally unbiased, regional biases result where particularly persistent conditions (e.g., trade wind inversion, subsidence over deserts) prevail. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,SYST ENGN RES INST,TAEJON 305701,SOUTH KOREA. RP GRUBER, A (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,OFF RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2115 EP 2130 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2115:ACOEAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT572 UT WOS:A1994PT57200003 ER PT J AU LIGHTHILL, J HOLLAND, G GRAY, W LANDSEA, C CRAIG, G EVANS, J KURIHARA, Y GUARD, C AF LIGHTHILL, J HOLLAND, G GRAY, W LANDSEA, C CRAIG, G EVANS, J KURIHARA, Y GUARD, C TI GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE AND TROPICAL CYCLONES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EL-NINO; HURRICANES; SENSITIVITY; INTENSITY; MONSOON; MODELS; STATE AB This paper offers an overview of the authors' studies during a specialized international symposium (Mexico, 22 November-1 December 1993) where they aimed at making an objective assessment of whether climate changes, consequent on an expected doubling of atmospheric CO2 in the next six or seven decades, are likely to increase significantly the frequency or intensity of tropical cyclones (TC). Out of three methodologies available for addressing the question they employ two, discarding the third for reasons set out in the appendix. In the first methodology, the authors enumerate reasons why, in tropical oceans, the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) suggested by climate change models might be expected to affect either (i) TC frequency, because a well-established set of six conditions for TC formation include a condition that SST should exceed 26 degrees C, or (ii) TC intensity, because this is indicated by thermodynamic analysis to depend critically on the temperature at which energy transfer to air near the sea surface takes place. But careful study of both suggestions indicates that the expected effects of increased SST would be largely self-limiting (i) because the other five conditions strictly control how far the band of latitudes for TC formation can be further widened, and (ii) because intense winds at the sea surface may receive their energy input at a temperature significantly depressed by evaporation of spray, and possibly through sea surface cooling. In the second methodology, the authors study available historical records that have very large year-to-year variability in TC statistics. They find practically no consistent statistical relationships with temperature anomalies; also, a thorough analysis of how the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle influences the frequency acid distribution of TCs shows any direct effects of local SST changes to be negligible. The authors conclude that, even though the possibility of some minor indirect effects of global warming on TC frequency and intensity cannot be excluded, they must effectively be ''swamped'' by large natural variability. C1 BUR METEOROL RES CTR,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV READING,DEPT METEOROL,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PARK,PA. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. UNIV GUAM,GRAD SCH,MANGILAO,GU. UNIV GUAM,RES DEPT,MANGILAO,GU. RP LIGHTHILL, J (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT MATH,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Craig, George/D-2577-2015 OI Craig, George/0000-0002-7431-8164 NR 28 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2147 EP 2157 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT572 UT WOS:A1994PT57200005 ER PT J AU MOGIL, HM EUSTIS, A AF MOGIL, HM EUSTIS, A TI SUMMARY OF THE AMS WEATHER BROADCASTERS CONFERENCE, CHARLESTON, SOUTH-CAROLINA, 29-JUNE-1993 1-JULY-1993 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MOGIL, HM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 75 IS 11 BP 2165 EP 2169 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PT572 UT WOS:A1994PT57200007 ER PT J AU JOHENGEN, TH JOHANNSSON, OE PERNIE, GL MILLARD, ES AF JOHENGEN, TH JOHANNSSON, OE PERNIE, GL MILLARD, ES TI TEMPORAL AND SEASONAL TRENDS IN NUTRIENT DYNAMICS AND BIOMASS MEASURES IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND ONTARIO IN RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS CONTROL SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; SILICA DEPLETION; QUALITY; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Results from long-term ecological monitoring studies on Lake Michigan (1983-92) and Lake Ontario (1981-92) were compared with regard to changes in phosphorus loads. In Lake Ontario, total phosphorus (TP) loads decreased from 14 000 t . yr(-1) in 1970 to 7500 t . yr(-1) in 1981, and correspondingly, midlake TP concentration decreased from 25 to 16 mu g . L(-1). From 1981 to 1991 TP loads remained around 7500 t . yr(-1); however, TP concentration continued to decline from 16 to 10 mu g . L(-1). Similarly, mean summer particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (CHLa), and nitrate utilization rate decreased by approximately 40, 20, and 50%, respectively. Conversely, si[ica utilization rates increased markedly after 1983. In Lake Michigan, TP loads also decreased by around 50% from 1974 to 1990 (2000 t . yr(-1)); however, TP concentrations at our 100-m station in the southern basin increased during the study period from around 4 to 8 mu g . L(-1). There were no distinct trends in CHLa or nutrient utilization patterns; however, POC levels decreased sharply after 1987. Overall, silica utilization rates in Lake Michigan were 50% higher than in Lake Ontario (14.7 vs. 9.6 mu g . L(-1). d(-1)), whereas nitrate utilization rates were only half (1.4 vs. 4.1 mu g . L(-1). d(-1)). C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,GREAT LAKES LAB FISHERIES & AQUAT SCI,BURLINGTON,ON L7R 4A6,CANADA. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP JOHENGEN, TH (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 11 BP 2570 EP 2578 DI 10.1139/f94-257 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QY717 UT WOS:A1994QY71700019 ER PT J AU XU, LH LEES, RM EVENSON, KM CHOU, CC SHY, JT VASCONCELLOS, ECC AF XU, LH LEES, RM EVENSON, KM CHOU, CC SHY, JT VASCONCELLOS, ECC TI SPECTROSCOPY OF NEW CH3OH FIR LASER LINES PUMPED BY NEW CO2-LASER LINES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; GASEOUS METHYL-ALCOHOL; SPECTRUM; CM-1; ASSIGNMENT; TRANSITIONS; REGION; CD3OH AB The number of CO2 laser lines available for optical pumping of far-infrared (FIR) lasers has been significantly increased by the development of a new continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser at the Time and Frequency Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado. This system operates on very high-J lines of the normal bands as well as on sequence and new hot-band lines, and has generated numerous new FIR laser transitions in CH3OH. These include the new 123 mu m world-record holder, pumped by the 9HP(20) hot-band CO2 line, which is now the most efficient known FIR laser line. Assignments are given for a number of the IR pump-FIR laser energy level and transition systems, based on our high-resolution Fourier transform studies of the FIR and IR spectra of CH3OH. Features of the transition system for the 123 mu m line and wave numbers for several further potential FIR laser lines are presented. C1 UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,CTR EXCELLENCE MOLEC & INTERFACIAL DYNAM,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5A3,CANADA. UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,DEPT PHYS,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5A3,CANADA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HSINCHU 30043,TAIWAN. UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS,INST FIS,DEPT ELETR QUANT,BR-13081 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11-12 BP 1155 EP 1164 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RF799 UT WOS:A1994RF79900054 ER PT J AU LEOPOLD, KR FRASER, GT NOVICK, SE KLEMPERER, W AF LEOPOLD, KR FRASER, GT NOVICK, SE KLEMPERER, W TI CURRENT THEMES IN MICROWAVE AND INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF WEAKLY-BOUND COMPLEXES SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE DIMER; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTRUM; RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; INTERACTIONS PREDICT STRUCTURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SIMPLE QUANTITATIVE MODEL; GROUND VIBRATIONAL-STATE; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP LEOPOLD, KR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 370 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1807 EP 1827 DI 10.1021/cr00031a004 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PT131 UT WOS:A1994PT13100005 ER PT J AU HAMINS, A TREES, D SESHADRI, K CHELLIAH, HK AF HAMINS, A TREES, D SESHADRI, K CHELLIAH, HK TI EXTINCTION OF NONPREMIXED FLAMES WITH HALOGENATED FIRE SUPPRESSANTS SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL IRVINE, CA ID DIFFUSION FLAMES AB An experimental, analytical, and numerical study was performed to elucidate the influence of eleven gaseous agents, considered to be substitutes for CF,Br, on the structure and critical conditions of extinction of diffusion flames burning liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The effectiveness of these agents in quenching flames was compared to those of CF,Br and an inert diluent such as nitrogen. Experiments were performed on diffusion flames stabilized in the counterflowing as well as in the coflowing configuration. The fuels tested were heptane in the counterflowing configuration, and heptane, the jet fuels JP-8, and JP-5, and hydraulic fluids (military specifications 5606 and 83282) in the coflowing configuration. The oxidizing gas was a mixture of air and the agent. On a mass and mole basis CF,Br was found to be most effective in quenching the flames and the mass-based effectiveness of the other eleven agents was found to be nearly the same as that of nitrogen. Experimental results were interpreted using one-step, activation-energy asymptotic theories and the results were used to provide a rough indication of the thermal and chemical influence of these agents on the flame structure. To understand in some detail the influence of CF,Br on the structure and mechanisms of extinction of the flame, numerical calculations using detailed chemistry were performed. The calculated structure of counterflow heptane-air diffusion flames inhibited with CF3Br was found to consist of three distinct zones including a CF3Br consumption zone which appears to act as a sink for radicals. The calculated values of the critical conditions of extinction of counterflow heptane-air diffusion flames inhibited with CF3Br were found to agree fairly well with measurements. The study suggests the need for refinement of the inhibition chemistry. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI,CTR ENERGY & COMBUST RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MECH AEROSP & NUCL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90125-2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PR020 UT WOS:A1994PR02000005 ER PT J AU MOUNTAIN, DG MANNING, JP AF MOUNTAIN, DG MANNING, JP TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE GULF OF MAINE SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; WESTERN GULF; CIRCULATION; FLOW; SHELF AB The MARMAP hydrographic data set (1977-1987) is used to determine the mean annual cycle of temperature, salinity, and density structure of surface waters throughout the Gulf of Maine. The temperatures follow the expected seasonal warming and cooling pattern. In the eastern Gulf the salinity cycle is dominated by influx of low salinity Scotian Shelf water which enters near Cape Sable in the winter, and in the western Gulf by the local spring runoff. Phasing of temperature and salinity cycles in different parts of the Gulf results in the western Gulf of Maine being more strongly stratified in the summer and more vertically uniform in the winter than is the eastern Gulf. The interannual variability, derived by subtracting the annual cycles from the original data, reveals relatively little temperature variability (1-2 degrees C) during the period 1977-1987, compared to observed changes of 4-6 degrees C in previous decades. Large interannual changes in salinity (0.5 psu), however, are evident in the data. The salinity variability is shown to be due primarily to changes in local fresh water sources-precipitation and runoff. Comparison of salinity changes in the Gulf of Maine with data from Georges Bank and the Middle Atlantic Bight shows that the salinity variability is coherent over the northeast continental shelf region from the western Gulf (Wilkinson Basin) to Cape Hatteras. RP MOUNTAIN, DG (reprint author), NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 13-14 BP 1555 EP 1581 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(94)90090-6 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PG080 UT WOS:A1994PG08000008 ER PT J AU WADA, H WALTERS, CR GOODRICH, LF TACHIKAWA, K AF WADA, H WALTERS, CR GOODRICH, LF TACHIKAWA, K TI VAMAS INTERCOMPARISON OF CRITICAL-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS ON NB3SN SUPERCONDUCTORS - A SUMMARY REPORT SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE NB3SN; CRITICAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT METHODS; INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON; STANDARDIZATION ID STRAIN; WIRES AB This paper is a summary of an international collaboration endorsed by VAMAS to study problems associated with critical current measurements in Nb3Sn superconductors and provide guidelines for a standard measurement. Two series of critical current measurements were implemented. In the first series, three different sample conductors were used and participants made measurements using their own techniques. As a result, coefficients of variation for these samples at 12 T turned out to be 8-29.9%. A major source of these variations was attributed to strain sensitivity of the Nb3Sn conductors. Thus, the second series of measurements were done on one sample conductor and under specified measurement conditions, particularly in terms of specimen strain. The coefficient of variation decreased to 2.2%, which is regarded as a reasonable base for future establishment of an international standard measurement method. C1 RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. TOKAI UNIV,HIRATSUKA,KANAGAWA 25912,JAPAN. RP WADA, H (reprint author), NATL RES INST MET,1-2-1 SENGEN,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1994 VL 34 IS 11 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(94)90076-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA PQ119 UT WOS:A1994PQ11900001 ER PT J AU BAKER, ET FEELY, RA MOTTL, MJ SANSONE, FT WHEAT, CG RESING, JA LUPTON, JE AF BAKER, ET FEELY, RA MOTTL, MJ SANSONE, FT WHEAT, CG RESING, JA LUPTON, JE TI HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES ALONG THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, 8-DEGREES-40' TO 11-DEGREES-50'N - PLUME DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE APPARENT MAGMATIC BUDGET SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; JUAN; CREST; AXIS; 21-DEGREES-N; CHEMISTRY AB The interactions between hydrothermal circulation and large-scale geological and geophysical characteristics of the mid-ocean ridge cannot be ascertained without large-scale views of the pattern of hydrothermal venting. Such multi-ridge-segment surveys of venting are accomplished most efficiently by mapping the distribution and intensity of hydrothermal plumes. In November 1991, we mapped hydrothermal temperature (DELTAtheta) and light attenuation (DELTAc) anomalies above the East Pacific Rise (EPR) continuously from 8-degrees-40' to 11-degrees-50'N, a fast spreading ridge crest portion bisected by the Clipperton Transform Fault. Plume distributions show a precise correlation with the distribution of active vents where video coverage of the axial caldera is exhaustive (90-degrees-09'-54'N). Elsewhere in the study area the sketchy knowledge of vent locations gleaned from scattered camera tows predicts only poorly the large-scale hydrothermal pattern revealed by our plume studies. Plumes were most intense between 9-degrees-42' and 9-degrees-54 N', directly over a March/April, 1991, seafloor eruption. These plumes had exceptionally high DELTAc/DELTAtheta ratios compared to the rest of the study area; we suggest that the phase-separated gas-rich vent fluids discharging here fertilize an abundant population of bacteria. Hydrothermal plume distributions define three categories: intense and continous (8-degrees-48'-8-degrees-58'N, 9-degrees-29'-10-degrees-01'N and 11-degrees-05'-11-degrees-27'N), weak and discontinuous (8-degrees-58'-9-degrees-29'N) and negligible. The location of each category is virtually congruent with areas that are, respectively, magmatically robust, magmatically weak and magmatically starved, as inferred from previous measurements of axial bathymetric undulations, cross-axis inflation and magma chamber depth and continuity. This congruency implies a fine-scale spatial and temporal connection between magmatic fluctuations and hydrothermal venting. We thus speculate that, at least along this fast spreading section of the EPR, cyclic replenishment, eruption and freezing of the thin axial melt lens exerts greater control over hydrothermal venting than the more enduring zones of crystal mush and hot rock. We found intense, and continuous, plumes along 33% of the surveyed ridge crest, an observation implying that any point on the ridge is, on average, hydrothermally active one-third of the time. Combining this result with the 20% plume coverage found along the medium-rate Juan de Fuca Ridge suggests that superfast (approximately 150 mm/yr) spreading ridges should support vigorous venting along approximately 50% of their length, if spreading rate and along-axis plume coverage are linearly related. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NEWPORT,OR 97365. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP BAKER, ET (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Sansone, Francis/B-9915-2013 NR 50 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90022-1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PV444 UT WOS:A1994PV44400001 ER PT J AU FEELY, RA GENDRON, JF BAKER, ET LEBON, GT AF FEELY, RA GENDRON, JF BAKER, ET LEBON, GT TI HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES ALONG THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, 8-DEGREES-40' TO 11-DEGREES-50'N - PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; VENT FIELD; 21-DEGREES-N; OCEAN; PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEMS; WATER AB The discovery of a volcanic eruption at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) led us to investigate how the composition of suspended matter in hydrothermal plumes may be used to provide a better understanding of the relative age and vent fluid characteristics of a ridge crest system during surface ship surveys. During the TROUGHS (Tropical Ridge Observations of Underwater Geochemical Hydrothermal Signals) expedition we collected hydrothermal plume particles along a 350 km section, extending from approximately 8-degrees-40'N to 11-degrees-50'N, of the EPR north and south of the Clipperton Transform Fault. Over the segment south of the Clipperton Transform Fault, the S/Fe ratio in the particles ranged from about 0.9 to 10, with the highest values immediately over the new vent field at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site. These enrichments exactly coincide with the elevated He-3/heat and CH4/Mn ratios in the plumes over the same vent field. The S-rich particles are primarily organic and may be related to the 'bacteria blizzard' associated with the eruption. In addition, very high Cu/Fe and Zn/Fe ratios were observed in the hydrothermal plumes south of the Clipperton Transform Fault. These high ratios are indicative of the predominance of high-temperature, H2S-rich vents between 9-degrees-35'N and 9-degrees-50'N. In contrast, the samples from the segment north of Clipperton Transform Fault had S/Fe ratios which ranged from 0.04 to 0.82, typical of mature, Fe-rich hydrothermal plumes. These results suggest that the gas-rich vent fluids at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site produced the sulfur-enriched particles in the water column. Gas-rich plumes and sulfur-enriched plume particles were also observed underneath the 1986 Megaplume on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR), suggesting a similar mode of formation. North of the Clipperton Transform Fault, the hydrothermal particles are dominated by Fe-rich oxyhydroxide particles, characteristic of mature high-temperature vent fields. The plume maximum is centered at 11-degrees-08'N. The Fe oxyhydroxide particles scavenge Ca, Si, P, V, Cr and As from seawater. For P and V the mean element/Fe ratio in the EPR hydrothermal particles are intermediate between JdFR and TAG hydrothermal systems. For As the mean element/Fe ratios of all three systems are about the same. New evidence for Si scavenging by hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide particles indicates that this sink for dissolved Si in the oceans is small. RP FEELY, RA (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90023-X PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PV444 UT WOS:A1994PV44400002 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF DUPUIS, WS KUKKONEN, J AF LANDRUM, PF DUPUIS, WS KUKKONEN, J TI TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PYRENE AND PHENANTHRENE IN DIPOREIA SPP - EXAMINATION OF EQUILIBRIUM-PARTITIONING THEORY AND RESIDUE-BASED EFFECTS FOR ASSESSING HAZARD SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PYRENE; PHENANTHRENE; SEDIMENT; RESIDUE EFFECTS; EQUILIBRIUM PARTITIONING ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; WATER; NAPHTHALENE; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESPIRATION; XENOBIOTICS; EXPOSURE; OIL AB The amphipod Diporeia spp. was exposed to pyrene (0.14 to 1.11 mu mol g(-1)) or phenanthrene (0.08 to 0.62 mu mol g(-1))dosed sediments for month-long exposures. Phenanthrene was only slightly toxic with 12 +/- 3% mortality at the highest sediment dose (0.62 mu mol g(-1)). Failure to attain and maintain toxic residue body burdens, based on a nonpolar narcosis concentration of approximately 6 mu mol g(-1) accounts for the low mortality. Phenanthrene toxicokinetic parameters were essentially constant among all doses and consistent with previous measures. Sediment concentration was a poor representation of dose for mortality by pyrene. The relative pyrene distribution among the <63-mu m particles increased in the smallest-sized particles at larger doses. An apparent stimulation of pyrene accumulation was observed as a peak in uptake clearance values between sediment concentrations of 0.16 and 0.26 mu mol g(-1) dry sediment. (Uptake clearance is the amount of source scavenged of contaminant per mass of organism per time.) The pyrene particle-size distribution and the variation in kinetics with dose provide a partial explanation for the poor representation of dose by the sediment concentration. The pyrene body burdens provided a good dose response yielding LD50 values of 6.3 (4.6-41.7, 95% C.I.) and 9.4 (7.9-54.2) mu mol g(-1) for two experiments. These values are consistent with the residue concentrations for 50% mortality by a nonpolar narcosis mechanism. Comparing the experimental and predicted equilibrium partitioning-based sediment concentrations for 50% mortality, the equilibrium prediction overestimates the toxic pyrene sediment concentration by approximately a factor of ten. Diporeia behavior, differential particle-size distribution, and kinetic limitations appear as likely reasons for the variation between calculated and observed concentrations required to produce mortality. C1 UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1780 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1769:TATOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PM851 UT WOS:A1994PM85100008 ER PT J AU BENDER, ML TANS, PP ELLIS, JT ORCHARDO, J HABFAST, K AF BENDER, ML TANS, PP ELLIS, JT ORCHARDO, J HABFAST, K TI A HIGH-PRECISION ISOTOPE RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR MEASURING THE O-2 N-2 RATIO OF AIR SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN AB Studies of the distribution of O-2 in air will inform us about critical problems in the global carbon cycle which are not readily accessed by other measurements, including the rate of seasonal net production in the oceans on a hemispheric scale, the rate at which the oceans are taking up anthropogenic CO2, and the net rate of change of the continental biomass. In this paper, we outline a method for measuring the O-1/N-2 ratio of air to a standard error of +/-6 per meg (+/-0.006 parts per thousand) for a sample analyzed in quadruplicate, corresponding to +/- 1.2 ppmV O-2 in air out of 210,000. The method involves measuring the ratio of O-16(2) to (NN)-N-15-N-14 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Potential and actual problems with this method include fractionation as sample and reference gases are introduced to the mass spectrometer, mass spectrometric nonlinearity, effects of imbalance of sample and reference ion currents on the measured isotopic ratio, isobaric interferences at masses 28 and 29 due to the formation of CO+ from CO2 in the source, and zero enrichments. We discuss the magnitude of errors introduced by these factors and outline the relevant corrections. The ultimate mass spectrometric uncertainty is about +/-2 per meg (+/-0.4 ppmV) for a 1 h instrumental analysis. Overall precision is currently limited by fractionation as sample and reference gases are introduced into the mass spectrometer. A considerable improvement in precision may be possible. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80309. FINNIGAN MAT GMBH,W-2800 BREMEN 14,GERMANY. RP BENDER, ML (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 7 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 1994 VL 58 IS 21 BP 4751 EP 4758 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90205-4 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PT017 UT WOS:A1994PT01700017 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR LOVEJOY, ER AF HANSON, DR LOVEJOY, ER TI THE UPTAKE OF N2O5 ONTO SMALL SULFURIC-ACID PARTICLES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOLS AB The probabilities for N2O5 loss onto sulfuric acid aerosol (60-80 wt% H2SO4, 0.1-0.2 um radius, 230-300K) were measured using a laminar flow reactor coupled to a sulfuric acid aerosol source and a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The aerosol morphology was extracted from measurements of the aerosol extinction of ultraviolet light (200-370nm) by using Mie theory. The reaction probabilities, gamma, are large (0.06-0.12) and are comparable to probabilities measured previously under similar conditions on bulk sulfuric acid surfaces and small aerosol. These measurements confirm that the overall reaction of N2O5 with H2O in/on 60-80% sulfuric acid is fast and the uptake is due to loss very close to the liquid surface. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,REAL2 325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 22 BP 2401 EP 2404 DI 10.1029/94GL02288 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PQ432 UT WOS:A1994PQ43200016 ER PT J AU MANNEY, GL ZUREK, RW GELMAN, ME MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, R AF MANNEY, GL ZUREK, RW GELMAN, ME MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, R TI THE ANOMALOUS ARCTIC LOWER STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX OF 1992-1993 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE AB Potential vorticity (PV) gradients defining the lower stratospheric vortex during the 1992-1993 winter were anomalously strong and persistent compared to those during the last 16 Arctic winters. For almost-equal-to3 months PV gradients were closer to typical Antarctic values than to most Arctic values. Air motion diagnostics computed for 3-dimensional air parcel trajectories confirm that the 1992-1993 Arctic lower stratospheric vortex was substantially more isolated than is typical. Such isolation will delay and reduce the export of the higher ozone typical of the winter lower stratospheric vortex to mid-latitudes. This may have contributed to the record-low total ozone amounts observed in northern mid-latitudes in 1993. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP MANNEY, GL (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 22 BP 2405 EP 2408 DI 10.1029/94GL02368 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PQ432 UT WOS:A1994PQ43200017 ER PT J AU DLUGOKENCKY, EJ MASARIE, KA LANG, PM TANS, PP STEELE, LP NISBET, EG AF DLUGOKENCKY, EJ MASARIE, KA LANG, PM TANS, PP STEELE, LP NISBET, EG TI A DRAMATIC DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATE OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE DURING 1992 - REPLY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV LONDON ROYAL HOLLOWAY & BEDFORD NEW COLL,DEPT GEOL,EGHAM TW20 0EX,SURREY,ENGLAND. CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RP DLUGOKENCKY, EJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOS LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 22 BP 2447 EP 2448 DI 10.1029/94GL02618 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PQ432 UT WOS:A1994PQ43200028 ER PT J AU HORSTMAN, KR FIVES, JM AF HORSTMAN, KR FIVES, JM TI ICHTHYOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE IN THE CELTIC SEA SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ICHTHYOPLANKTON; CELTIC SEA; FISH LARVAE ID FISH AB The larval stages of 70 fish species and the eggs of two of these species were identified from plankton samples taken in the Celtic Sea during April, May, and June 1980 and 1983. Seven of these species formed 92% of all the recorded fish larvae, and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) larvae accounted for 72% of the total. The distribution and abundance of these major species are illustrated and discussed. Numerical classification of the fish data indicated three major faunal zones, neritic, transition, and oceanic, the mackerel being the most dominant fish species in all zones. Indices for species diversity, species richness, and species evenness all differed between the faunal zones. The Celtic Sea ichthyoplankton community appears to be quite diverse, but discriminant analyses indicated that ichthyoplankton assemblages were associated with particular suites of environmental factors. Possible predator-prey interactions are discussed. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,OFF PROTECTED RESOURCES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP HORSTMAN, KR (reprint author), NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL GALWAY,MARTIN RYAN MARINE SCI INST,DEPT ZOOL,GALWAY,IRELAND. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1006/jmsc.1994.1046 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PR906 UT WOS:A1994PR90600011 ER PT J AU COOKSON, A AF COOKSON, A TI UNTITLED SO IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP COOKSON, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0883-7554 J9 IEEE ELECTR INSUL M JI IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PV662 UT WOS:A1994PV66200001 ER PT J AU HILL, DA AF HILL, DA TI ELECTRONIC-MODE STIRRING FOR REVERBERATION CHAMBERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article AB A modal analysis and a uniform-field approximation are presented for the fields in an idealized two-dimensional, rectangular cavity excited by an electric line source. The model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of frequency stirring, an alternative to mechanical stirring reveberation chamber immunity measurements. Numerical results indicate that good field uniformity (standard deviation less than 1 dB) can be obtained with a bandwidth of 10 MHz at a center frequency of 4 GHz. The bandwidth requirement is determined primarily by the number of modes excited, and higher frequencies can achieve the same field uniformity with a smaller bandwidth because of the higher mode density. Cavity excitation by two single-frequency sources is also analyzed. RP HILL, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 110 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1109/15.328858 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA PM846 UT WOS:A1994PM84600004 ER PT J AU CROSS, RW RUSSEK, SE SANDERS, SC PARKER, MR BARNARD, JA HOSSAIN, SA AF CROSS, RW RUSSEK, SE SANDERS, SC PARKER, MR BARNARD, JA HOSSAIN, SA TI SIZE AND SELF-FIELD EFFECTS IN GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE THIN-FILM DEVICES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC AB Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) was measured as a function of device size for patterned NiCoFe/Cu and NiFe/Ag films. For the quasi-granular NiCoFe/Cu films, the normalized maximum change in resistivity Delta rho/rho was 8% for most of the samples. For the NiFe/Ag films, antiparallel alignment was achieved through magnetostatic coupling, not exchange fields, with a Delta rho/rho of 4.5%. The films were patterned into stripes with Au current leads for size-effect measurements. The height of the stripes varied from 0.5 to 16 mu m and the track width varied from 1 to 16 mu m. Discrete switching events and anomalous low-field dips in the response were observed for both materials for small device sizes. Self-field and heating effects due to the applied current were investigated for the NiFeCo/Cu films. The effect of the self-field produced by the applied current was separated from the thermal contribution and was found to reduce the response by over 32% for a current density of 10(7) A/cm(2). C1 UNIV ALABAMA,CTR MAT INFORMAT TECHNOL,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487. RP CROSS, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 3825 EP 3827 DI 10.1109/20.333915 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PU429 UT WOS:A1994PU42900010 ER PT J AU RICE, P HALLETT, B MORELAND, J AF RICE, P HALLETT, B MORELAND, J TI COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC-FIELDS OF THIN-FILM HEADS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING BIT PATTERNS USING MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC AB We have used dc-mode magnetic force microscopy to image the magnetic fringing fields of several thin-film heads and the bit patterns written with these heads. The images were taken with Si3N4 tips coated with 10-nm Fe and 5-nm Au The heads and disks are typical industry standards. The heads had a variety of pole piece configurations. A large track separation was used so that the erase bands could be thoroughly studied, We were surprised to discover magnetic fields that correspond to layers in the alumina overcoat near the pole pieces. The magnetic force microscope images of the bit pattern show a definite twist at the track edge that points toward the trailing pole piece. We also observed disk magnetization patterns that remained after an ac erase procedure. C1 MAXTOR CORP,HEAD DISK ENGN,LONGMONT,CO 80501. RP RICE, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 4248 EP 4250 DI 10.1109/20.334050 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PU429 UT WOS:A1994PU42900147 ER PT J AU HUNT, FY MCMICHAEL, RD AF HUNT, FY MCMICHAEL, RD TI ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR BARKHAUSEN JUMP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC AB In previous calculations of Barkhausen jump size distributions, the Langevin equation was used to describe the pinning field h(c) [1],[2]. In this paper, h(c) is modeled by discretized random walks which are used to obtain analytical expressions for the Barkhausen jump size distribution, P(tau). For a bounded random walk which reduces to the Langevin function in the continuum limit, P(tau) is a sum of exponentials which is compared to functions of the form P(tau) = tau-(alpha) exp(-tau/tau(o)). The scaling exponent changes from alpha similar or equal to 1.5 for small jumps to alpha similar or equal to 1.0 for jumps larger than the correlation length. For an unbounded random walk with exponentially distributed distances between steps in h(c), P(tau) is shown to be proportional to a modified Bessel function which, for long jumps, is asymptotically a pure power law, tau(-3/2). This suggests that the scaling exponent shift and the exponential cutoff are caused by correlations in h(c). RP HUNT, FY (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 4356 EP 4358 DI 10.1109/20.334086 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PU429 UT WOS:A1994PU42900183 ER PT J AU DEETER, MN BON, SM DAY, GW DIERCKS, G SAMUELSON, S AF DEETER, MN BON, SM DAY, GW DIERCKS, G SAMUELSON, S TI NOVEL BULK IRON GARNETS FOR MAGNETOOPTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC ID SENSORS; YIG AB We report measurements of the magneto-optic response Function and frequency response for three bulk iron garnet crystals grown by a flux technique. The samples were the product of an intensive effort to develop iron garnet compositions with properties specifically optimized for magnetic field sensing. Sensitivity enhancement was achieved through both bismuth substitution (for increasing the saturation Faraday rotation) and gallium substitution (for reducing the saturation magnetization). One sample exhibited a value of magneto-optic sensitivity of 25 degrees/mT for 1.3 mu m light. Frequency response measurements indicate that bismuth substitution actually improves performance (compared to unsubstituted yttrium iron garnet) in contrast with gallium, which causes substantial degradation. C1 DELTRON CRYSTALS INC,DOVER,NJ 07801. RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 4464 EP 4466 DI 10.1109/20.334122 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PU429 UT WOS:A1994PU42900218 ER PT J AU KOS, AB FICKETT, FR AF KOS, AB FICKETT, FR TI IMPROVED EDDY-CURRENT DECAY METHOD FOR RESISTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC AB Eddy-current decay is a unique, nondestructive method for determining the low-temperature resistivity of large samples of pure metal. Furthermore, it is the only means available for measurement of the residual resistivity ratio (RRR), rho(273 K)/rho(4 K), of samples with shapes that do not lend themselves to conventional four-wire resistance measurement technique. An improvement to an earlier implementation of the eddy-current decay method of resistivity characterization is presented. It involves modernizing the earlier apparatus by the use of a digitizing oscilloscope, commercial curve-fitting software, digital averaging techniques, and modern electronics. Data are shown for high-purity copper cylinders. RP KOS, AB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 4560 EP 4562 DI 10.1109/20.334148 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PU429 UT WOS:A1994PU42900246 ER PT J AU VANZURA, EJ BAKERJARVIS, JR GROSVENOR, JH JANEZIC, MD AF VANZURA, EJ BAKERJARVIS, JR GROSVENOR, JH JANEZIC, MD TI INTERCOMPARISON OF PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS USING THE TRANSMISSION/REFLECTION METHOD IN 7-MM COAXIAL TRANSMISSION-LINES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Broadband permittivity measurements made by eleven organizations using the transmission/reflection (T/R) method are compared to high-accuracy cavity resonator results. T/R accuracy is less than 10% for epsilon'(r) < 15, and the smallest measureable loss factor is epsilon''(r) approximate to 0.05. Uncertainty caused by the air gaps between the specimen and the inner and outer conductors is the largest contributor to the overall uncertainty. Compared to other dimensional measurement methods, physical measurement of specimen bore and outer diameters yield the most accurate gap corrections. RP VANZURA, EJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2063 EP 2070 DI 10.1109/22.330120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PP982 UT WOS:A1994PP98200009 ER PT J AU SENGERS, JMHL CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF SENGERS, JMHL CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI SPECIAL ISSUE .1. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES - PREFACE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP SENGERS, JMHL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1012 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QM430 UT WOS:A1994QM43000001 ER PT J AU LIN, MY HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC PEIFFER, DG KIM, MW SINHA, SK AF LIN, MY HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC PEIFFER, DG KIM, MW SINHA, SK TI A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING (SANS) STUDY OF WORM-LIKE MICELLES UNDER SHEAR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE ANISOTROPY; COUETTE FLOW; LIVING POLYMERS; POLYDISPERSITY; RODS; SHEAR ALIGNMENT; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING; WORM-LIKE MICELLES ID APPARATUS; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS AB The structure of a cationic worm-like cylindrical micelle was investigated by SANS (small-angle neutron scattering). Intensities from 0.1% by weight solutions in D2O, at rest and under shear, were measured on the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility 30-m spectrometer in the wave vector range 0.03 less than or equal to Q (nm(-1)) less than or equal to 2.0. Scattered intensity patterns from the solutions subjected to shears equal to or greater than 40 s(-1) showed pronounced anisotropy, but such anisotropy could not be detected below this apparent threshold shear. The threshold was characterized by a relaxation time since anisotropy was detected only after several minutes of shearing. In contrast, the anisotropy was apparent immediately the shear was applied at the higher shears. The data were analyzed based on the assumption that the micelles behave as rigid rods. Estimates of the radii and length under shear are given. Polydispersity in rod length is discussed, and we argue that it contributes significantly to the scattering patterns. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ. RI Kim, Mahn Won/C-1541-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1178 DI 10.1007/BF01458825 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QM430 UT WOS:A1994QM43000015 ER PT J AU RAINWATER, JC LYNCH, JJ AF RAINWATER, JC LYNCH, JJ TI A NONLINEAR CORRELATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM DATA FOR ETHYLENE PLUS N-BUTANE SHOWING INCONSISTENCIES IN EXPERIMENTAL COMPOSITIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE CRITICAL REGION; ETHYLENE; HIGH PRESSURE; MOLE FRACTION ERRORS; N-BUTANE; SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION; VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXTURES; PROPANE AB The modified Leung-Griffiths model is applied to the previously unpublished data, tabulated here, of Williams for high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria of ethylene + n-butane. It is not possible to obtain a highly accurate correlation with the experimentally stated compositions, but evidence is given that those composition measurements may be suspect, although pressure, temperature, and density data are accurate. A simplex optimization method was used for the parameters of the model, and the compositions were also treated as adjustable parameters. With this method a much more accurate correlation is obtained, but the optimized compositions differ in two of four cases by more than 3% from the stated compositions. C1 WAYNESBURG COLL,DEPT PHYS,WAYNESBURG,PA 15370. RP RAINWATER, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1231 EP 1239 DI 10.1007/BF01458831 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QM430 UT WOS:A1994QM43000021 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JS FRIEND, DG GIVEN, JA SENGERS, JMHL AF GALLAGHER, JS FRIEND, DG GIVEN, JA SENGERS, JMHL TI CRITICAL LINES FOR TYPE-III AQUEOUS MIXTURES BY GENERALIZED CORRESPONDING-STATES MODELS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE AQUEOUS MIXTURES; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRITICAL LINES; EXTENDED CORRESPONDING STATES; GAS-GAS EQUILIBRIUM; NITROGEN; TYPE III MIXTURES ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; MPA AB An algorithm has been developed for calculating the gas-gas critical line of type-III binary fluid mixtures for extended corresponding-states (ECS) models. The algorithm searches for an extremum in pressure on the spinodal curve of an isothermal pressure-composition phase diagram of a binary mixture. The method has been applied to solutions of carbon dioxide and of nitrogen in water, starting at the water critical point. Two variants of ECS have been tested for their ability to represent reliable PVTx data in the nitrogen-water mixture. It is demonstrated that in the latter system both ECS variants produce an artifact in the gas-gas critical line in the range of 0-0.2 mole fraction of nitrogen. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/BF01458835 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QM430 UT WOS:A1994QM43000025 ER PT J AU FRIEND, DG HUBER, ML AF FRIEND, DG HUBER, ML TI THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY STANDARD REFERENCE DATA FROM NIST SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE DATABASES; MIXTURES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; REFRIGERANTS; STANDARDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES ID REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; PREDICTION; VISCOSITY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a primary function to develop and disseminate standard reference data for the thermophysical properties of fluids and fluid mixtures of interest to the industrial and scientific communities. In this paper we discuss five computerized databases distributed by the Standard Reference Data (SRD) Program of NIST. The databases provide national standards for the properties of pure fluids, an accurate evaluated mixture program focusing on the properties of natural gas mixtures, a predictive package emphasizing hydrocarbon systems up to C-20, a database for refrigerant and prospective alternative refrigerant fluids, and the current scientific thermophysical property surfaces for pure water and steam. The databases include both thermodynamic surfaces and representations for transport properties over broad ranges of temperature, pressure, and composition. We also discuss our current research to improve the standards for air and for aqueous systems including the binary mixture of ammonia and water. RP FRIEND, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1288 DI 10.1007/BF01458836 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QM430 UT WOS:A1994QM43000026 ER PT J AU DEBOER, J VANDERMEER, J REUTERGARDH, L CALDER, JA AF DEBOER, J VANDERMEER, J REUTERGARDH, L CALDER, JA TI DETERMINATION OF CHLOROBIPHENYLS IN CLEANED-UP SEAL BLUBBER AND MARINE SEDIMENT EXTRACTS - INTERLABORATORY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; CONGENERS; SAMPLES AB An interlaboratory study on the determination of individual chlorobiphenyl congeners (CBs) in cleaned-up seal blubber and marine sediment extracts was organized by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions, as the second part of a stepwise-designed interlaboratory study on the determination of CBs in marine media. Fifty-eight laboratories from 16 countries participated in this exercise, which involved the determination of 10 CBs in a standard solution, a cleaned-up seal blubber extract, and a cleaned-up marine sediment extract. Suggestions were given for instrument optimization. Standard errors of 1.16-1.17 for the standard solution, 1.20-1.33 for the seal blubber extract, and 1.31-1.56 for the sediment extract were obtained for CBs 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 by all laboratories with the exception of the laboratories giving consistently outlying results. The results for CBs 28, 31, 105, and 156 showed larger standard deviations. The 2 major difficulties for participants in this exercise were correct preparation of a calibration solution and chromatographic separation. The results of the sediment analysis showed a complete lack of agreement. It is recommended that, prior to the organization of the third part of this study, participants should install gas chromatographic columns with minimum lengths of 50 m and maximum internal diameters of 0.25 mm and should prepare calibration solutions from solids of known purity. C1 NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES,1790 AB DEN BURG,NETHERLANDS. ASIAN INST TECHNOL,SCH ENVIRONM RESOURCES & DEV,BANGKOK 10501,THAILAND. NOAA,OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. STOCKHOLM UNIV,INST APPL ENVIRONM RES,ANALYT ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,S-17185 SOLNA,SWEDEN. RP DEBOER, J (reprint author), NETHERLANDS INST FISHERY RES,DLO,POB 68,1970 AB IJMUIDEN,NETHERLANDS. RI van der Meer, Jaap/C-6687-2011; de Boer, Jacob/L-5094-2013 OI de Boer, Jacob/0000-0001-6949-4828 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1411 EP 1422 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400007 PM 7819750 ER PT J AU BREAKER, LC GEMMILL, WH CROSBY, DS AF BREAKER, LC GEMMILL, WH CROSBY, DS TI THE APPLICATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR VECTOR CORRELATION TO PROBLEMS IN METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB In a recent study, Crosby et al. proposed a definition for vector correlation that has not been commonly used in meteorology or oceanography. This definition has both a firm theoretical basis and a rather complete set of desirable statistical properties. In this study, the authors apply the definition to practical problems arising in meteorology and oceanography. In the first of two case studies, vector correlations were calculated between subsurface currents for five locations along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie. Vector correlations for one sample size were calculated for all current meter combinations, first including the seiche frequency and then with the seiche frequency removed. Removal of the seiche frequency, which was easily detected in the current spectra, had only a small effect on the vector correlations. Under reasonable assumptions, the vector correlations were in most cases statistically significant and revealed considerable fine structure in the vector correlation sequences. In some cases, major variations in vector correlation coincided with changes in surface wind. The vector correlations for the various current meter combinations decreased rapidly with increasing spatial separation. For one current meter combination, canonical correlations were also calculated; the first canonical correlation tended to retain the underlying trend, whereas the second canonical correlation retained the peaks in the vector correlations. In the second case study, vector correlations were calculated between marine surface winds derived from the National Meteorological Center's Global Data Assimilation System and observed winds acquired from the network of National Data Buoy Center buoys that are located off the continental United States and in the Gulf of Alaska. Results of this comparison indicated that 1) there was a significant decrease in correlation between the predicted and observed winds with increasing forecast interval out to 72 h, 2) the technique provides a sensitive indicator for detecting bad buoy reports, and 3)there was no obvious seasonal cycle in the monthly vector correlations for the period of observation. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1354 EP 1365 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1354:TAOATF>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN480 UT WOS:A1994PN48000011 ER PT J AU SILVER, RM DAGATA, JA TSENG, W AF SILVER, RM DAGATA, JA TSENG, W TI AMBIENT AND VACUUM SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF SULFUR-TERMINATED AND OXYGEN-TERMINATED GALLIUM-ARSENIDE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS-SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; RECOMBINATION; PASSIVATION; MODEL; AIR AB Tunneling spectroscopy of sulfur- and oxygen-terminated n- and p-type GaAs (110) surfaces is reported for air and ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Simulations of the complete I-V characteristics with explicit inclusion of surface states within the planar junction theory are described and compared to experiment. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between tip-induced and surface-state-induced band-bending effects observed in the tunneling spectra of passivated semiconductor surfaces. RP SILVER, RM (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 9 BP 5122 EP 5131 DI 10.1063/1.357225 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PQ026 UT WOS:A1994PQ02600020 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL AF KAUTZ, RL TI QUASI-POTENTIAL AND THE STABILITY OF PHASE-LOCK IN NONHYSTERETIC JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMALLY INDUCED ESCAPE; WEAK LINKS; NOISE; ENERGY AB The principle of minimum available noise energy is used to calculate the quasipotential over the state space of a nonhysteretic Josephson junction driven by a rf bias. This potential surface provides an intuitive picture of the dynamics of phase lock and defines a stability parameter, the activation energy for thermally induced phase slippage, which determines the optimum operating conditions for a proposed programmable voltage standard. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 9 BP 5538 EP 5544 DI 10.1063/1.357156 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PQ026 UT WOS:A1994PQ02600081 ER PT J AU MISRA, DN AF MISRA, DN TI INTERACTION OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE WITH AND ADSORPTION OF CHLORHEXIDINE ON HYDROXYAPATITE SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DENTAL POLYMER COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES; COUPLING AGENTS; ACID; FLUORAPATITE; CHARGE AB It is well known that chlorhexidine digluconate provides an effective microbicidal activity during oral rinsing, and therefore, it was considered worthwhile to investigate its interaction with hydroxyapatite on a fundamental level. The kinetics of uptake (or reaction) of the compound from aqueous solutions by synthetic hydroxyapatite was studied at 23 degrees C for four time periods by monitoring its concentration. There was no uptake at low concentrations for any time period. The uptake curves for higher concentrations shifted towards the lower concentrations as the period increased and became more and more vertically oriented to the concentration axis. The concentrations of calcium ions increased, phosphate ions decreased and hydrogen ions decreased a little for a given period as the concentration of the compound was increased. All of these experimental facts can be qualitatively explained on the basis of the solubility considerations of hydroxyapatite and of chlorhexidine phosphate, the reaction product that slowly precipitates out of the solution. The needle-shaped birefringent crystals of the phosphate salt are clearly visible in the apatite matrix under a microscope, and its refractive index and differential Fourier transform infrared spectra match almost exactly with those of a well-characterized, synthesized phosphate salt. To explore the nature of interaction, the uptake of chlorhexidine base was studied from p-dioxane and it is irreversible. The uptake is total below a threshold equilibrium concentration and constant above it. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP MISRA, DN (reprint author), NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1002/jbm.820281116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA PM038 UT WOS:A1994PM03800015 PM 7829568 ER PT J AU LOOSE, W ACKERSON, BJ AF LOOSE, W ACKERSON, BJ TI MODEL-CALCULATIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SCATTERING DATA FROM LAYERED STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DILATANT VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHEAR-INDUCED ORDER; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; FLOW; DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES; SPHERES AB Model calculations for the interpretation of scattering patterns from layered structures are presented. They assume a rigid configuration of the layers which are then stacked in a deterministic or stochastic manner. Results for stacking faults of close-packed crystals and for sheared sliding layers are presented. The method can easily be applied to other stacking sequences. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,CTR LASER RES,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP LOOSE, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 9 BP 7211 EP 7220 DI 10.1063/1.468278 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PP519 UT WOS:A1994PP51900002 ER PT J AU SUENRAM, RD FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ KAWASHIMA, Y AF SUENRAM, RD FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ KAWASHIMA, Y TI THE MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM OF CH4-H2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; WATER HYDROCARBON INTERACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DIPOLE-MOMENT; INTERNAL-ROTATION; COMPLEX; AR-H2O; SPECTROMETER; DYNAMICS; ABINITIO AB Microwave spectra of CH4- -H2O, CH4- -(H2O)-O-18, CH4- -(H2O)-O-17, CH4- -D2O, and CH4- -DOH have been measured using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The spectra were recorded to aid the assignment of the high-resolution far-infrared spectrum of CH4- -H2O reported recently [L. Dore, R. C. Cohen, C. A, Schmuttenmaer, K. L. Busarow, M. J. Elrod, J. G. Leeser, and R. J. Saykally, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 863 (1994)]. Spectral assignments were guided by Stark-effect and nuclear-spin hyperfine measurements. For the primary isotopic species, CH4- -H2O, four K=0 (Sigma) and six K=1 (Pi) rotational progressions were observed at the similar to 1 K rotational temperature of the supersonic expansion. The internal-rotor state of the complex correlating to j=0 H2O+j=0 CH4 is found to have a rotational constant B=4346.7202(7) MHz and centrifugal distortion constant D-J=119.72(9) kHz, where the numbers in parentheses represent one standard deviation of the fit. These constants imply a zero-point center-of-mass separation of 3.7024 Angstrom between the two subunits and a pseudodiatomic weak-bond stretching force constant of 1.53 N/m and stretching frequency of 55 cm(-1). Stark-effect measurements reveal that two of the K=1 progressions originate from degenerate states while the other four K=1 transitions arise from two Pi states which are K (or l) doubled. The effective electric dipole moments vary from 1.95 X 10(-30) to 2.67 X 10(-30) C m (0.58-0.83 D) for the states studied. The isotopic results are consistent with a CH4- -H2O structure in which one of the hydrogens of H2O proton donates to CH4, analogous to structures previously reporteh for CH4 with HCN and HCl. A combined analysis of the microwave and far-infrared data allow estimates of the barriers to internal rotation of the H2O and CH4 units. The H2O internal rotation potential is found to be much more anisotropic than that of Ar- -H2O. C1 KANAGAWA INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM TECHNOL,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA 24302,JAPAN. RP SUENRAM, RD (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 9 BP 7230 EP 7240 DI 10.1063/1.468280 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PP519 UT WOS:A1994PP51900004 ER PT J AU HALPERT, MS SMITH, TM AF HALPERT, MS SMITH, TM TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR MARCH-MAY-1993 - MATURE ENSO CONDITIONS PERSIST AND A BLIZZARD BLANKETS THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS C1 NOAA,NMC,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1772 EP 1793 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1772:TGCFMM>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PR942 UT WOS:A1994PR94200010 ER PT J AU ZHANG, ZM DATLA, RU LORENTZ, SR TANG, HC AF ZHANG, ZM DATLA, RU LORENTZ, SR TANG, HC TI THERMAL MODELING OF ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETERS SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This work consists of a detailed thermal modeling of two different radiometers operated at cryogenic temperatures. Both employ a temperature sensor and an electrical-substitution technique to determine the absolute radiant power entering the aperture of a receiver. Their sensing elements are different: One is a germanium resistance thermometer, and the other is a superconducting kinetic-inductance thermometer. The finite element method is used to predict the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the receiver. The nonequivalence between the radiant power and the electrical power due to the temperature gradient in the receiver is shown to be small and is minimized by placing the thermometer near the thermal impedance. In the radiometer with a germanium resistance thermometer, the random noise dominates the uncertainty for small incident powers and limits the ultimate sensitivity. At high power levels, the measurement accuracy is limited by the uncertainty of the absorptance of the cavity. Recommendations are given based on the modeling for future improvement of the dynamic response of both radiometers. C1 NIST,DIV SCI COMP ENVIRONM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZHANG, ZM (reprint author), NIST,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1994 VL 116 IS 4 BP 993 EP 998 DI 10.1115/1.2911476 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA PV806 UT WOS:A1994PV80600027 ER PT J AU FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y AF FOLDEAKI, M LEDBETTER, H HIDAKA, Y TI MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PR2-XCEXCUO4 MONOCRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PR2CUO4 AB We measured the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of Pr2-xCexCuO4 monocrystals and polycrystals in the composition range x = 0-0.18. For all compositions, the susceptibility curves reveal strong crystal-field effects and are evaluated in terms of Van Vleck's equation for magnetic susceptibility. At temperatures above 100 K, the behavior could be described by a Curie-Weiss-like equation, the parameters of which allow us to characterize the crystal-field interactions. The concentration dependence of these parameters is much stronger in the monocrystals, with the apparent magnetic moment going through a sharp maximum near x = 0.1, the composition of the onset of superconductivity after a reducing anneal. The concentration dependence of the magnetic moment can be qualitatively interpreted as a contribution of charge-carrying spins in localized states, mainly through initiating Cu2+-Pr3+ interactions. With increasing Ce, these additional spins can not remain localized, thus the magnetic moment decreases, and a reducing anneal results in superconductivity. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NTT LABS,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), UNIV QUEBEC,TROIS RIVIERES,PQ GA9 5H7,CANADA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(94)90410-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA PU886 UT WOS:A1994PU88600018 ER PT J AU RYE, BJ HARDESTY, RM AF RYE, BJ HARDESTY, RM TI SPECTRAL MATCHED-FILTERS IN COHERENT LASER-RADAR SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; PEAK ESTIMATION; ACCUMULATION AB Insight into the properties of maximum likelihood Doppler frequency shift estimators, which function as spectral domain matched filters, is often obtained more readily from examination of their spectral correlating functions,and lag windows than from simulated performance data. These functions are compared and contrasted with reference to lidar applications for the three principal estimators. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP RYE, BJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2131 EP 2144 DI 10.1080/09500349414552001 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA PU241 UT WOS:A1994PU24100007 ER PT J AU JOB, VA KARTHA, SB SULE, NS KARTHA, VB WEBER, A OLSON, WB AF JOB, VA KARTHA, SB SULE, NS KARTHA, VB WEBER, A OLSON, WB TI PERTURBATIONS IN THE 2-NU-9 AND NU-8 BANDS OF PROPYNE-D SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL CONSTANT; 30-MU-M AB The analysis of the complex rotational structures of the 2nu9 parallel band and the nu8 perpendicular band of CH3CCD is presented. All the levels of 2nu9(A1) and nu8(E) states are perturbed to varying degrees. A large number of off-diagonal perturbations connecting a quartet of interacting states, which include the E component of 2nu9 and the (A1, A2) component of (2nu10 + nu9), account for the observed complex pattern. A few transitions of the type DELTAK = +2 to the 2nu9(E) state and DELTAK = 0 to the (2nu10 + nu9)(A1, A2) state have also been identified. The major interactions are Fermi resonance between 2nu9(A1) and the lower component of (2nu10 + nu9)(A1, A2), Fermi resonance between 2nu9(E) and nu8(E), ''+/-2, +/-2'' l-type resonance between 2nu9(A1) and 2nu9(E), and xy-Coriolis interaction between 2nu9(A1) and nu8(E). Parameters of the four states and the interaction parameters have been determined. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JOB, VA (reprint author), BHABHA ATOM RES CTR,DIV SPECTROSCOPY,BOMBAY 400085,INDIA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 168 IS 1 BP 166 EP 184 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1269 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA PM716 UT WOS:A1994PM71600013 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, RN TEWARI, YB AF GOLDBERG, RN TEWARI, YB TI THERMODYNAMICS OF ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS .3. HYDROLASES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE APPARENT EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS; ENTHALPIES OF REACTION; ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS; EVALUATED DATA; HYDROLASES; TRANSFORMED THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES ID ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; SPECIFIED PH; EQUILIBRIUM; PMG AB Equilibrium constants and enthalpy changes for reactions catalyzed by the hydrolase class of enzymes have been compiled. For each reaction the following information is given: the reference for the data; the reaction studied; the name of the enzyme used and its Enzyme Commission number; the method of measurement; the conditions of measurement (temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the buffer(s) and cofactor(s) used); the data and an evaluation of it; and, sometimes, commentary on the data and on any corrections which have been applied to it or any calculations for which the data have been used. The data from 146 references have been examined and evaluated. Chemical Abstract Service registry numbers are given for the substances involved in these various reactions. There is a cross reference between the substances and the Enzyme Commission numbers of the enzymes used to catalyze the reactions in which the substances participate. RP GOLDBERG, RN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1103 PG 69 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA QU837 UT WOS:A1994QU83700003 ER PT J AU SIEFERT, DLW AF SIEFERT, DLW TI THE IMPORTANCE OF SAMPLER MESH SIZE WHEN ESTIMATING TOTAL DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOCALANUS SPP IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; WALLEYE POLLOCK; GROWTH; GULF; COPEPODITE; LARVAE AB Estimates of Pseudocalanus spp. total daily egg production were made for spring and summer months using concentration and prosome length of adult females from 333 and 150 mum mesh samplers fished simultaneously during surveys of larval walleye pollock (Gadidae; Theragra chalcogramma) in Shelikof Strait, Alaska. Retention of congeneric females by the two samplers varied among months because of change in body size, species composition and abundance. This variability created bias in total daily egg production estimates when relying on female length and concentration from only one of the samplers. RP SIEFERT, DLW (reprint author), NOAA,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1489 EP 1498 DI 10.1093/plankt/16.11.1489 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PY724 UT WOS:A1994PY72400002 ER PT J AU KLOSE, JZ DETERS, TM FUHR, JR WIESE, WL AF KLOSE, JZ DETERS, TM FUHR, JR WIESE, WL TI ATOMIC BRANCHING RATIO DATA FOR OXYGEN-LIKE SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID OPACITY CALCULATIONS; IONS AB The branching ratio technique for radiometric calibrations in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region is briefly reviewed. Lists of transitions suitable for use of the technique are given for oxygen-like species (O I and Ne III) along with pertinent data for their application. RP KLOSE, JZ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 52 IS 5 BP 601 EP 619 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(94)90027-2 PG 19 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA PW157 UT WOS:A1994PW15700007 ER PT J AU SHARMA, JKN JAIN, KK EHRLICH, CD HOUCK, JC WARD, DB AF SHARMA, JKN JAIN, KK EHRLICH, CD HOUCK, JC WARD, DB TI AN INTERCOMPARISON BETWEEN NPL (INDIA) AND NIST (USA) PRESSURE STANDARDS IN THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE REGION UP TO 26 MPA SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE; PISTON GAUGE; PRESSURE ID PISTON GAUGE AB Results are presented of an intercomparison of pressure measurements between the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), India, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, using piston gauge pressure standards over the range 6 MPa to 26 MPa. The intercomparison, using the NPL piston gauge pressure standard, with a nominal effective area of 8.4 x 10(-5) m2, and the NIST piston gauge pressure standard, with a nominal effective area of 2.0 x 10(-5) m2, was carried out at the NPL. The intercomparison data obtained show a relative difference of 1 x 10(-6) in the zero-pressure effective area (A0) of the NPL standard as obtained by the NIST standard. At 6 MPa the relative difference in effective areas is 3.5 x 10(-6); at the full scale pressure of 26 MPa, the relative difference is 12x10(-6). These differences are in excellent agreement with the statements of uncertainty of the respective standards as obtained from the primary standards of these two laboratories. C1 NIST, DIV THERMOPHYS, PRESSURE GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SHARMA, JKN (reprint author), NATL PHYS LAB, PRESSURE GRP, NEW DELHI 110012, INDIA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 725 EP 729 DI 10.6028/jres.099.064 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900001 ER PT J AU MACHIN, G JOHNSON, BC GIBSON, C RUSBY, RL AF MACHIN, G JOHNSON, BC GIBSON, C RUSBY, RL TI INTERCOMPARISON OF THE ITS-90 RADIANCE TEMPERATURE SCALES OF THE NATIONAL-PHYSICAL-LABORATORY (UK) AND THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERCOMPARISON; ITS-90; RADIANCE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE SCALES AB An intercomparison of radiance temperature scales has been performed by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using a standard transfer pyrometer operating at a wavelength of approximately 1000 nm. It was found that the radiance temperature scales established by the two laboratories were in agreement to 0.1% or better of the temperature over the range 1000-degrees-C to 2500-degrees-C. C1 NATL PHYS LAB, TEMP STAND SECT, TEDDINGTON TW11 0LW, MIDDX, ENGLAND. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP MACHIN, G (reprint author), NATL PHYS LAB, RADIAT THERMOMETRY GRP, TEDDINGTON TW11 0LW, MIDDX, ENGLAND. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.6028/jres.099.065 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900002 ER PT J AU KOEPKE, G RANDA, J AF KOEPKE, G RANDA, J TI SCREENED-ROOM MEASUREMENTS ON THE NIST SPHERICAL-DIPOLE STANDARD RADIATOR SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MIL-STD-462; RADIATED EMISSIONS; SCREENED ROOM; SPHERICAL DIPOLE AB We report the results of a study of measurements of radiated emissions from the NIST spherical-dipole standard radiator in several screened rooms. The study serves as a demonstration of possible applications of the standard radiator as well as an investigation of radiated-emissions measurements in screened rooms. The screened-room measurements were performed in accordance with MIL-STD-462 (1967). Large differences occurred in the field intensity measured at different laboratories and even on different days at the same laboratory. There was a systematic difference at low frequencies between the screened-room results and results obtained in a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, open-area test site (OATS), and anechoic chamber. We also present the results of OATS tests confirming the temporal stability of the standard radiator and measuring the loading effect of a ground plane as a function of distance from the sphere. RP KOEPKE, G (reprint author), NIST, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.6028/jres.099.066 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900003 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, A CHEN, HM AF THOMPSON, A CHEN, HM TI BEAMCON-III, A LINEARITY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR OPTICAL-DETECTORS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEAM ADDITION METHOD; LINEARITY; OPTICAL RADIATION DETECTORS; SILICON PHOTODIODE; STANDARD RADIATOR AB The design and operation of Beamcon III, the latest linearity measurement instrument using the beam addition method in the detector metrology program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is described. The primary improvements in this instrument are the reduction of stray radiation to extremely low levels by using three well-baffled chambers, a larger dynamic range, and an additional source entrance port. A polynomial response function is determined from the data obtained by this instrument using a least-squares method. The linearity of a silicon photodiode-amplifier detector system was determined to be within 0.054 % (2sigma estimate) over nine decades of signal. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. RP THOMPSON, A (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 751 EP 755 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900004 ER PT J AU LAVINE, CF CAGE, ME ELMQUIST, RE AF LAVINE, CF CAGE, ME ELMQUIST, RE TI SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF QUANTIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE STATES OF THE QUANTUM HALL-EFFECT SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREAKDOWN OF DISSIPATIONLESS STATE; HISTOGRAMS; QUANTUM HALL EFFECT; QUANTIZED VOLTAGE STATES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS; SPECTRA ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISSIPATION; DEPENDENCE; REGIME AB Quantized breakdown voltage states are observed in a second, wide, high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs sample made from another wafer, demonstrating that quantization of the longitudinal voltage drop along the sample is a general feature of the quantum Hall effect in the breakdown regime. The voltage states are interpreted in a simple energy conservation model as occurring when electrons are excited to higher Landau levels and then return to the original level. A spectroscopic study of these dissipative voltage states reveals how well they are quantized. The statistical variations of the quantized voltages increase linearly with quantum number. C1 NIST, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.6028/jres.099.068 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900005 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, A HOBISH, MK AF THOMPSON, A HOBISH, MK TI WORKSHOP ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN AIR ULTRAVIOLET METROLOGY GAITHERSBURG, MD MAY 26-27, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP THOMPSON, A (reprint author), NIST, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.6028/jres.099.069 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900006 ER PT J AU NEWTON, J AF NEWTON, J TI DATA ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM GAITHERSBURG, MD MAY 17-18, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP NEWTON, J (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, DIV INFORMAT SYST ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.6028/jres.099.070 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900007 ER PT J AU LENNON, EB AF LENNON, EB TI NORTH-AMERICAN INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) USERS FORUM (NIUF) GAITHERSBURG, MD JUNE 21-24, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP LENNON, EB (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 777 EP 779 DI 10.6028/jres.099.071 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900008 ER PT J AU IPPOLITO, LM WALLACE, DR LENNON, EB AF IPPOLITO, LM WALLACE, DR LENNON, EB TI COMPASS-94, 9TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER ASSURANCE GAITHERSBURG, MD JUNE 27 JULY 1, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP IPPOLITO, LM (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 99 IS 6 BP 781 EP 785 DI 10.6028/jres.099.072 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QN299 UT WOS:A1994QN29900009 ER PT J AU JONES, RM HOWE, BM MERCER, JA SPINDEL, RC GEORGES, TM AF JONES, RM HOWE, BM MERCER, JA SPINDEL, RC GEORGES, TM TI NONPERTURBATIVE OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY INVERSION OF 1000-KM PULSE-PROPAGATION IN THE PACIFIC-OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BASIN-SCALE TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; MESOSCALE; SPEED; SOUND AB A nonperturbative inversion was performed of acoustic tomography measurements made in the northeastern Pacific Ocean in July 1989, in which acoustic transmissions from a 250-Hz broadband source located near the sound-channel axis were recorded at a long vertical array of hydrophones 1000 km away. In contrast with a conventional inversion, this nonperturbative inversion does not assume that travel times are linearly related to the sound-speed deviations from a background sound-speed model. The inversion process involved three steps: (1) Measured pulse travel times and the source and receiver locations were used to determine the range average of the equivalent symmetric sound-slowness profile. That part of the inversion used only curve fitting and Abel transforms, and required independent (nontomographic) information only to help identify the pulse arrivals. (2) Under the assumption that the range dependence of sound speed was small, we used the reciprocal of the range-averaged sound-slowness profile to approximate the range average of the sound-speed profile. (3) Constraining the sound speed below the sound-channel axis to match climatological data and neglecting the range dependence of sound speed below the sound-channel axis allowed us to estimate the range average of the sound-speed profile above the sound-channel axis. This inversion was compared with the range average of sound speed calculated from CTD measurements made during the experiment over a 10-day period. The agreement was good between 50- and 300-m depths, but there were some disagreements near the surface and near the sound-channel axis. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, APPL PHYS LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA. US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. OI Howe, Bruce/0000-0001-5711-5253 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 96 IS 5 BP 3054 EP 3063 DI 10.1121/1.411242 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA PQ018 UT WOS:A1994PQ01800043 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, BJ COVERDALE, RT OLSON, RA FORD, SJ GARBOCZI, EJ JENNINGS, HM MASON, TO AF CHRISTENSEN, BJ COVERDALE, RT OLSON, RA FORD, SJ GARBOCZI, EJ JENNINGS, HM MASON, TO TI IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDRATING CEMENT-EASED MATERIALS - MEASUREMENT, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AC-IMPEDANCE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SILICA FUME; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PASTE; SYSTEMS; PERMEABILITY; PERCOLATION AB This work concerns the state of the art for use of impedance spectroscopy for studying the evolving microstructure of cement-based materials during hydration. Features of the spectra are discussed and related to components of the microstructure with the assistance of pixel-based computer modeling techniques. It is proposed that the enormously high relative dielectric constants (similar to 10(5)) observed just after set are the result of dielectric amplification and are related to the distribution of pore sizes and the thickness of product C-S-H layers separating the pores. The conductivity is related to the volume fraction of porosity, the conductivity of the pore solution, and the interconnectivity of the porosity. The conductivity, when normalized by that of the pore solution, i.e., inverse formation factor, is a measure of this interconnectivity and can be used to predict such engineering properties as ionic diffusivity and water permeability. Composite mixing laws are employed to aid in explaining the behavior of the conductivity and to obtain a qualitative measure of the pore shape with hydration. Procedures for predicting the conductivity of the pore solution and for subtracting out electrode lead effects at high frequency are discussed. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NIST,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 83 TC 196 Z9 199 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 77 IS 11 BP 2789 EP 2804 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04507.x PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA PQ992 UT WOS:A1994PQ99200001 ER PT J AU GALLAS, MR PIERMARINI, GJ AF GALLAS, MR PIERMARINI, GJ TI BULK MODULUS AND YOUNGS MODULUS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE GAMMA-ALUMINA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; TIO2 AB Compression measurements mere performed for the first time on nanocrystalline gamma-alumina utilizing a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction method. The cubic unit cell (a = 0.7924 nm) for gamma-alumina Tvas found to have a volume compression of about 2.4% over the pressure range from ambient to 3.8 GPa at room temperature under both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic conditions. Using the first-order Bridgman equation and the Birch equation of state, the isothermal bulk modulus (B-0) mas determined to be 162 +/- 14 GPa and Young's modulus (E) was estimated to be 253 +/- 22 GPa assuming a Poisson's ratio for gamma-alumina of 0.24 +/- 0.2. C1 UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,INST FIS,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. RP GALLAS, MR (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 77 IS 11 BP 2917 EP 2920 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04524.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA PQ992 UT WOS:A1994PQ99200018 ER PT J AU WEICKMANN, KM SARDESHMUKH, PD AF WEICKMANN, KM SARDESHMUKH, PD TI THE ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM CYCLE-ASSOCIATED WITH A MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LENGTH; BALANCE; EARTH; MODEL AB The period 1 December 1984 to 3 February 1985 was associated with strong intraseasonal fluctuations in both the global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and tropical convection. Consistent changes were observed in the length of day. The AAM budget for the 65-day period is examined here using circulation data from the National Meteorological Center. Surprisingly well-balanced global and zonal budgets are obtained for the vertically integrated AAM. This enables a closer examination of regional changes, to assess how they might be responsible for the changes in the global AAM. Both friction and mountain torques are important in the global AAM budget. The increase of AAM is associated first with a positive friction torque, then with a positive mountain torque. The subsequent decrease of AAM results from a negative friction torque. The accompanying regional changes are mostly confined to the Northern Hemisphere, with high global AAM associated with a stronger and southward-displaced subtropical jet In the zonal budget meridional AAM fluxes by the zonally asymmetric eddies are important and appear to lead the torques by a few days. The increase of AAM begins with a shift of the tropical convection from the east Indian to the west Pacific Ocean. The consequent enhancement of the trades east of the Philippines gives a positive friction torque. The friction torque also has a contribution from enhanced trades over Central America and the tropical Atlantic Ocean, which appear to be linked to an equatorward propagating upper-tropospheric wave over the region. A persistent high pressure anomaly subsequently develops to the east of the Himalayas, giving a positive mountain torque. The global AAM rises in response to these torques, but as the circumpolar vortex expands the trades are weakened, causing a negative friction torque and the final reduction of the AAM. Interestingly, no coherent signals are seen in the weak zonal-mean convection anomalies accompanying these AAM changes. Rather, the AAM budget suggests that the tropical Madden-Julian oscillation and the global AAM are linked through the interaction of Rossby waves generated by the tropical heating with a zonally varying ambient how and with mountains. The surface stresses have both a local component related to the convection and a remote component induced by upper-tropospheric AAM fluxes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 21 BP 3194 EP 3208 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<3194:TAAMCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PQ837 UT WOS:A1994PQ83700007 ER PT J AU MOFFAT, TP AF MOFFAT, TP TI ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NI1-XALX IN A CHLOROALUMINATE MELT SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PHASE FORMATION; DIFFUSION CONTROLLED GROWTH; GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE; 3-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEATION; MICROSCOPIC METHODS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEPOSITION; SYSTEM; VOLTAMMETRY; EQUILIBRIA AB The formation of Ni1-xAl(x) from a molten 2 AlCl3-NaCl electrolyte containing up to 0.17 mol/liter Ni(II) has been investigated using a variety of electrochemical techniques. The standard reversible potential for Ni/Ni(II) is found to be in the range of 0.86 to 0.93 V (vs. Al). In a nickel-free electrolyte aluminum deposition on tungsten occurs via instantaneous nucleation upon an upd aluminum layer. In contrast, bulk nickel deposition occurs by progressive formation and diffusion-limited growth of three-dimensional nuclei. The number of nickel atoms forming a critical nuclei, n(c), is dependent on overpotential. At potentials below 0.750 V, n(c) = 0 with the active sites on the electrode playing the role of critical nuclei. These sites are occupied according to first-order kinetics. At potentials above 0.7 V compact nickel deposits are obtained. As the potential is decreased below 0.6 V Ni1-xAl(x) formation occurs. Between 0.6 and 0.0 V alloy composition is a function of potential. The rate of the aluminum partial reaction is first order in the Ni(II) concentration which makes alloy composition independent of Ni(II) concentration over the range investigated. Separate experiments demonstrate that aluminum underpotential deposition (upd) on nickel occurs in this potential regime. Thus, alloy formation may be envisioned as aluminum upd proceeding simultaneously with diffusion-limited nickel deposition. The upd reaction occurs rapidly such that the alloy composition is determined by the free energy of alloy formation. When the potential is decreased below the reversible potential of aluminum, 0.0 V, phase formation is complicated by a competition between alloy formation and overpotential driven kinetics of aluminum deposition. RP MOFFAT, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 57 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3059 EP 3070 DI 10.1149/1.2059279 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA PQ524 UT WOS:A1994PQ52400025 ER PT J AU SCHNEIR, J MCWAID, TH ALEXANDER, J WILFLEY, BP AF SCHNEIR, J MCWAID, TH ALEXANDER, J WILFLEY, BP TI DESIGN OF AN ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE WITH INTERFEROMETRIC POSITION CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Symposium on Electron, Ion and Photon Beams CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP AMER VACUUM SOC, IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICE SOC, OPT SOC AMER ID METROLOGY C1 PARK SCI INSTRUMENTS,SUNNYVALE,CA 94089. RP SCHNEIR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Alexander, John/E-2220-2014 OI Alexander, John/0000-0002-4257-5799 NR 9 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-211X J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 12 IS 6 BP 3561 EP 3566 DI 10.1116/1.587471 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA PY133 UT WOS:A1994PY13300091 ER PT J AU CHAPEL, JP AF CHAPEL, JP TI ELECTROLYTE SPECIES-DEPENDENT HYDRATION FORCES BETWEEN SILICA SURFACES SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MICA SURFACES; DOUBLE-LAYER; MICROSCOPE; DLVO AB Force measurements between two pyrogenic silica sheets immersed in a series of monovalent electrolytes (CsCl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl) were performed using a surface force apparatus (SFA). For each species, a shortrange repulsive hydration force prevented any adhesion of the surfaces. The data were fitted using a charge regulation model of the double-layer repulsion by solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation numerically, together with the full Lifshitz calculation of the van der Waals attraction. The hydration force was obtained by subtracting these calculated forces from the data. The results showed that the strength and the range of the hydration force decrease with increasing the degree of hydration of the counterion. This is opposite to the behavior of mica for which adsorbed counterions have been reported to generate a hydration repulsion. The effects of counterions on hydration forces, weakening for silica and enhancing for mica, show that the origin of the short-range interaction is not unique. C1 NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Chapel, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-1988-1288 NR 27 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4237 EP 4243 DI 10.1021/la00023a053 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PT251 UT WOS:A1994PT25100053 ER PT J AU VANZANTEN, JH AF VANZANTEN, JH TI UNILAMELLAR VESICLE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS DETERMINED BY ZIMMS LIGHT-SCATTERING TECHNIQUE SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Note ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; LIPID VESICLES RP VANZANTEN, JH (reprint author), NIST, DIV POLYMERS, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4391 EP 4393 DI 10.1021/la00023a076 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PT251 UT WOS:A1994PT25100076 ER PT J AU PETERSON, WT KIMMERER, WJ AF PETERSON, WT KIMMERER, WJ TI PROCESSES CONTROLLING RECRUITMENT OF THE MARINE CALANOID COPEPOD TEMORA-LONGICORNIS IN LONG-ISLAND SOUND - EGG-PRODUCTION, EGG MORTALITY, AND COHORT SURVIVAL RATES SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; SUMMER DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-SEA; POPULATIONS; FECUNDITY; IMPACT; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH AB Three phytoplankton blooms were observed during our 6-month study period and each resulted in increased rates of egg production (EPR) by female Temora longicornis. An EPR of 50 eggs female(-1) d(-1) was observed during the first bloom (spring bloom, March). The maximum EPR observed during the other blooms (May and July) was 20 and 30 eggs female(-1) d(-1). At all other times the EPR was nearly zero. Each pulse in egg production initiated a distinct cohort. Survivorship from egg to adult was low: 3% for the first cohort and 0.8% for the second. The third cohort did not reach maturity. Mortality was highest in the egg stage-only 10% of the eggs produced survived to first nauplius. Rates of egg mortality were positively correlated with clearance rates of T. longicornis, suggesting cannibalism as a cause of high mortality. However, the clearance rates required would be similar to 34-fold too high, suggesting a different density-dependent factor, such as disease, viruses, ecto-parasitism or consumption by dinoflagellates. Advection and resting egg production do not appear to explain high rates of egg loss. C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,ROMBERG TIBURON CTR,TIBURON,CA. BIOSYST ANAL INC,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP PETERSON, WT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,F-RE3,1335 E WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 43 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1594 EP 1605 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PZ967 UT WOS:A1994PZ96700009 ER PT J AU DESLATTES, RD AF DESLATTES, RD TI EARLY HISTORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK FOR THE X-RAY CRYSTAL DENSITY METHOD SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Avogadro Constant and the Representation of the Silicon Mole CY MAR 09-10, 1994 CL TURIN, ITALY SP CNR, UNIV TURIN, REG PIEMONTE, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DG XII ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT AB It is useful to recall that the (late nineteenth-century) Baltimore Lectures of Lord Kelvin indicated that the Likely sizes of atomic particles spanned almost two decades. Yet in the early years of the present century, Sir William Bragg's ansatz, together with the oil-drop e, gave the first reliable estimate of the scale of crystal interplanar spacings. The converse process of using an XRCD approach to obtain a value for the Avogadro constant was, prior to the advent of x-ray interferometry, limited by the need to connect optical and x-ray wavelengths before using the latter to estimate unit cell dimensions in crystals. Other limitations of these early measurements included the use of water as a density standard and the assignment of molar masses to individual specimens based on geochemical abundance averages. All these difficulties were overcome, in principle, with the application of x-ray/optical interferometry to the determination of lattice periods, the use of solid object density standards, and the determination of densities and isotopic abundances on individual monocrystalline specimens. While the present-day situation is addressed in other contributions to this workshop, the present essay attempts to place some of the early work in context and to look also to the future. RP DESLATTES, RD (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/31/3/003 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QD100 UT WOS:A1994QD10000006 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, BN AF TAYLOR, BN TI DETERMINING THE AVOGADRO CONSTANT FROM ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Avogadro Constant and the Representation of the Silicon Mole CY MAR 09-10, 1994 CL TURIN, ITALY SP CNR, UNIV TURIN, REG PIEMONTE, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DG XII ID MAGNETIC-FLUX QUANTUM; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; LEVITATION-SYSTEM; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; RYDBERG CONSTANT; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; VOLTAGE BALANCE; SI UNITS; MASS AB It is now possible to obtain indirect values of the Avogadro constant N-A having comparatively small combined standard uncertainties by appropriately combining the values of a number of other fundamental physical constants. These constants, whose values in several important cases can be obtained from electrical measurements, include the Rydberg, fine-structure, Josephson, von Klitzing, Planck, and Faraday constants, the molar mass of the proton, the proton-electron mass ratio, and the shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio. This paper gives the expressions that relate N-A to these other fundamental constants and the values of N-A that can be obtained from these expressions using the currently available data. It also briefly discusses the prospects of obtaining an indirect value of N-A with a combined standard uncertainty that is small enough to allow the redefinition of the kilogram. RP TAYLOR, BN (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,BLDG 245,RM C229,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 64 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/31/3/004 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QD100 UT WOS:A1994QD10000007 ER PT J AU MADDOX, RA BEZDEK, HF AF MADDOX, RA BEZDEK, HF TI SURFACE WIND PRESSURE-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CENTRAL FLORIDA SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PREDICTION; SEA AB An extended series of surface observations is used to compare observed surface winds with winds computed using the geostrophic relationship. These computations are done for both steady and unsteady wind regimes. Large differences are found in the comparisons of observed to computed winds. The differences exhibit pronounced seasonal and diurnal variability that appear to reflect both boundary layer stability and small-scale wind and pressure fields-for example, those attending land-sea breezes and thunderstorms. The results of this study may be useful to those engaged in studying global datasets and to modelers, who are continually challenged to improve the treatment of parameterization of turbulent processes. However, it is not obvious that any simple parameterization can be applied to obtain an accurate estimate of the surface wind in central Florida, given only the large-scale pressure gradient or a model-predicted wind above the surface as input. The use of the pressure field to estimate surface winds is an uncertain exercise at best. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP MADDOX, RA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 122 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2602 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2596:SWPGRI>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PM969 UT WOS:A1994PM96900012 ER PT J AU ZAMORA, RJ WEBER, BL WELSH, DC AF ZAMORA, RJ WEBER, BL WELSH, DC TI THE ACCURACY OF DIVERGENCE ESTIMATES CALCULATED USING THE LINEAR VECTOR POINT FUNCTION-METHOD AND 3 PROFILERS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID FIELD AB The effects of spatial, combined spatial and temporal sampling errors, and wind measurement errors on profiler-derived divergence estimates computed using the linear vector point function method are examined. Analysis indicates that divergence errors are minimized when the ratio between the spacing of the profilers and the sampled wavelength (DELTAx/L(x)) is between 0.15 and 0.24 and the ratio between the profiler sampling time to the timescale of the weather system (DELTAt/T) is less than 0.055. When DELTAx/L(x) less-than-or-equal-to 0.24, synoptic-scale divergence smaller than +/- 1.0 x 10(-5) s-1 cannot be measured, because the error in the profiler wind estimates is larger than the horizontal velocity gradients. The expected errors in divergence calculations given typical profiler spatial and temporal sampling strategies are examined. RP ZAMORA, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 122 IS 11 BP 2603 EP 2606 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2603:TAODEC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PM969 UT WOS:A1994PM96900013 ER PT J AU MOLES, A RICE, S NORCROSS, BL AF MOLES, A RICE, S NORCROSS, BL TI NON-AVOIDANCE OF HYDROCARBON LADEN SEDIMENTS BY JUVENILE FLATFISHES SO NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology CY SEP 30-OCT 06, 1993 CL NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES, TEXEL, NETHERLANDS SP COMMODITY BOARD FISH & FISHERY PROD, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITY, NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES, NETHERLANDS INST FISHERY RES, N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ART & SCI HO NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES ID EXPERIMENTALLY OILED SEDIMENTS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; CRUDE-OIL; ENGLISH SOLE; BURYING ABILITY; GRAIN-SIZE; FLOUNDER; GROWTH; SELECTION AB Behavioural tests were used to determine whether juvenile flatfishes were capable of detecting and avoiding sediment containing various concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. Three species of juvenile Alaskan flatfishes: rock sole (Pleuronectes bilineatus), yellowfin sole (P. asper), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) were tested in laboratory chambers containing contaminated mud or sand offered in combination with clean mud, sand or granule. The flatfishes were able to detect and avoid heavily oiled (2%) sediment, but they did not avoid lower concentrations of oiled sediment (0.05%). Oiled sediment was favoured over unoiled sediment if the unoiled sediment was of the grain size not preferred by that species. Oiled sand or mud was always preferred over unoiled granule. The observed lack of avoidance at concentrations likely to occur in the environment may lead to long-term exposure to contaminated sediment following a spill. Recruitment of juveniles may be affected if the exposure to oil is long enough to affect growth and survival. C1 UNIV ALASKA,INST MARINE SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP MOLES, A (reprint author), NOAA,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES PI TEXEL PA PO BOX 59 1790 AB DEN BURG, TEXEL, NETHERLANDS SN 0077-7579 J9 NETH J SEA RES JI Neth. J. Sea Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0077-7579(94)90013-2 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB179 UT WOS:A1994QB17900013 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SW THEDINGA, JF FELDHAUSEN, AS AF JOHNSON, SW THEDINGA, JF FELDHAUSEN, AS TI JUVENILE SALMONID DENSITIES AND HABITAT USE IN THE MAIN-STEM SITUK RIVER, ALASKA, AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF GLACIAL FLOODING SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Densities and habitat use of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), steelhead (O. mykiss), and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) were determined in the main-stem Situk River, Alaska. Three habitat types (channel edges, willow edges, and debris pools) were sampled at two downstream sites (lower river) and at two upstream sites (upper river) biweekly from May to September and once in November 1989. For most species, fry (age 0) most often used channel edges with little cover, whereas parr (age greater-than-or-equal-to 1) almost exclusively occupied willow edges and debris pools. Within the same habitat types, densities were significantly greater for most species and life-history stages in the upper than in the lower river; steelhead parr, with densities similar in like habitats in the upper and lower river, were a notable exception. Peak fry densities (fish/100 m2) were 2,331 coho, 155 steelhead, and 14 sockeye, whereas peak parr densities were 281 coho, 82 steelhead, and 44 Dolly Varden. Mean length of fry and parr of all species was greater in the lower river than in the upper river. With baseline information from this study, fisheries managers can identify strategies to restore fish and habitat that could be impacted by flooding in the Situk River. Hubbard Glacier is expected to advance and dam Russell Fiord by the year 2000, and overflow from the fiord will flood the Situk River, drastically altering fish rearing habitat. RP JOHNSON, SW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 284 EP 293 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD110 UT WOS:A1994QD11000008 ER PT J AU MA, LS JUNGNER, P YE, J HALL, JL AF MA, LS JUNGNER, P YE, J HALL, JL TI DELIVERING THE SAME OPTICAL FREQUENCY AT 2 PLACES - ACCURATE CANCELLATION OF PHASE NOISE INTRODUCED BY AN OPTICAL-FIBER OR OTHER TIME-VARYING PATH SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-MASER AB Although a single-mode optical fiber is a convenient and efficient interface/connecting medium, it introduces phase-noise modulation, which corrupts high-precision frequency-based applications by broadening the spectrum toward the kilohertz domain. We describe a simple double-pass fiber noise measurement and control system, which is demonstrated to provide millihertz accuracy of noise cancellation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. E CHINA NORMAL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PHYS,ACCELERATOR LAB,HELSINKI,FINLAND. RP MA, LS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 7 TC 213 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 21 BP 1777 EP 1779 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001777 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PN868 UT WOS:A1994PN86800035 PM 19855652 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, JM MEDOWER, BS WATTS, RN TARRIO, C LUCATORTO, TB FALCO, CM AF SLAUGHTER, JM MEDOWER, BS WATTS, RN TARRIO, C LUCATORTO, TB FALCO, CM TI SI/B4C NARROW-BANDPASS MIRRORS FOR THE EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAYS; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; OXIDE AB We report the results of extreme-ultraviolet reflectance measurements and structural characterization of multilayer mirrors made by sequential sputter deposition of Si and BIC. Compared with Si/Mo multilayers, Si/B4C have a much narrower bandpass (delta lambda) and better off-peak rejection but lower peak reflectance (Re). Mirrors with three different designs gave the following results: R(0) = 0.275 and delta lambda = 0.31 nm at 13.1 nm and normal incidence; R(0) = 0.34 and delta lambda = 1.1 nm at 18.2 nm and 45 degrees; and R(0) = 0.30 and delta lambda = 2.0 nm at 23.6 nm and 45 degrees. These multilayers exhibited excellent stability on annealing at temperatures up to 600 degrees C. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NIST,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SLAUGHTER, JM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 21 BP 1786 EP 1788 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001786 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PN868 UT WOS:A1994PN86800038 PM 19855655 ER PT J AU THOMSON, R CARLSSON, AE AF THOMSON, R CARLSSON, AE TI INTRINSIC DUCTILITY CRITERION FOR MATERIALS SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION AB This paper explores the intrinsic ductility criterion for materials on the basis of two simple models of dislocation emission from a crack in the blunting configuration. Recently, Zhou, Carlsson and Thomson (ZCT) reported a new criterion, based on lattice calculations, which, unlike previous descriptions of the criterion, was independent of the intrinsic surface energy. Because both cleavage and emission events produce surface energy, the surface energy cancels out in the ductility criterion, which involves a ratio of the two separate criteria for emission and cleavage. In order to gain confidence in this prediction, we explore here continuum elastic descriptions of the emission process, which are not expected to be sufficiently precise to yield quantitative information, but which one hopes can give insight into the physical basis for, and limits to, the new criterion. The models confirm the predictions of ZCT, but suggest that at lower values of the intrinsic surface energy than explored by ZCT, there exists a regime where the new criterion breaks down, and the ductility criterion reverts to the older predictions. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENG LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 70 IS 5 BP 893 EP 903 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA PQ062 UT WOS:A1994PQ06200011 ER PT J AU KIM, YK RUDD, ME AF KIM, YK RUDD, ME TI BINARY-ENCOUNTER-DIPOLE MODEL FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; WATER-VAPOR; CHARGED PARTICLES; SINGLE IONIZATION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; IONS; BEAM; COLLISIONS C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP KIM, YK (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 54 TC 503 Z9 506 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 3954 EP 3967 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3954 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500054 ER PT J AU DU, NY STARACE, AF BAO, MQ AF DU, NY STARACE, AF BAO, MQ TI PHOTODETACHMENT OF THE 2P(2)(P-3(E)) STATE OF H- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID DOUBLY EXCITED-STATES; H(N = 2); 3-PHOTON DETACHMENT; BOUND-STATE; EXCITATION; 2-PHOTON; IONIZATION; FIELDS C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 4365 EP 4368 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.4365 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500099 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, MH PETRICH, W ENSHER, JR CORNELL, EA AF ANDERSON, MH PETRICH, W ENSHER, JR CORNELL, EA TI REDUCTION OF LIGHT-ASSISTED COLLISIONAL LOSS RATE FROM A LOW-PRESSURE VAPOR-CELL TRAP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; FORCE; BEHAVIOR C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ANDERSON, MH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 14 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP R3597 EP R3600 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500010 ER PT J AU YOU, L LEWENSTEIN, M COOPER, J AF YOU, L LEWENSTEIN, M COOPER, J TI LINE-SHAPES FOR LIGHT SCATTERED FROM BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; GAS C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR THEORET PHYS,PL-00668 WARSAW,POLAND. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 21 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP R3565 EP R3568 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500002 ER PT J AU ANDIVAHIS, L BOSTED, PE LUNG, A STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH AF ANDIVAHIS, L BOSTED, PE LUNG, A STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS OF THE PROTON FROM Q(2)=1.75 TO 8.83 (GEV/C)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SUPERCONVERGENT DISPERSION-RELATION; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; RESONANCE PHYSICS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QUARK DYNAMICS; SCALING LAWS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; QCD AB The proton elastic form factors G(Ep)(Q(2)) and G(Mp)(Q(2)) have been extracted for Q(2) = 1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/c)(2) via a Rosenbluth separation to ep elastic cross section measurements in the angular range 13 degrees less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 90 degrees. The Q(2) range covered more than doubles that of the existing data. For Q(2) < 4 (GeV/c)(2), where the data overlap with previous measurements, the total uncertainties have been reduced to < 14% in G(Ep) and < 1.5% in G(Mp). Results for G(Ep)(Q(2)) are consistent with the dipole fit, G(D)(Q(2)) = (1 + Q(2)/0.71)(-2), while those for G(Mp)(Q(2))/mu(p)G(D)(Q(2)) decrease smoothly from 1.05 to 0.92. Deviations from form factor scaling are observed up to 20%. The ratio Q(2)F(2)/F-1 is observed to approach a constant value for Q(2) > 3 (GeV/c)(2). Comparisons are made to vector meson dominance, dimensional scaling, QCD sum rule, diquark, and constituent quark models, none of which fully characterize all the new data. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL CTR, NEWPORT NEWS, VA 23606 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. TEL AVIV UNIV, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. NR 56 TC 272 Z9 272 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 9 BP 5491 EP 5517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.5491 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA PQ074 UT WOS:A1994PQ07400006 ER PT J AU GLOTZER, SC CONIGLIO, A AF GLOTZER, SC CONIGLIO, A TI SELF-CONSISTENT SOLUTION OF PHASE-SEPARATION WITH COMPETING INTERACTIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Note ID BLOCK COPOLYMERS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PATTERN-FORMATION; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MODEL C1 UNIV NAPLES,DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS,I-80125 NAPLES,ITALY. RP GLOTZER, SC (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 4241 EP 4244 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.50.4241 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA PV863 UT WOS:A1994PV86300121 ER PT J AU TOGGWEILER, JR AF TOGGWEILER, JR TI THE OCEANS OVERTURNING CIRCULATION SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 11 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1063/1.881425 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PR132 UT WOS:A1994PR13200012 ER PT J AU REIMANN, C AF REIMANN, C TI BALDRIGE EDITORIAL APPLAUDED SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Letter RP REIMANN, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MBNQA,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 27 IS 11 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA PQ078 UT WOS:A1994PQ07800010 ER PT J AU GUTMAN, GG IGNATOV, AM OLSON, S AF GUTMAN, GG IGNATOV, AM OLSON, S TI TOWARDS BETTER QUALITY OF AVHRR COMPOSITE IMAGES OVER LAND - REDUCTION OF CLOUD CONTAMINATION SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION; CALIBRATION AB A procedure for reducing cloud contamination in NOAA/AVHRR composite imagery is proposed and applied to the NOAA global vegetation index data set. The suggested approach is based on thresholding the AVHRR/Channel 4 (11 mu m) brightness temperature. The global spacetime-angle dependent thresholds (monthly, 2 degrees x2 degrees, for 30 degrees-viewing angle bins) are estimated in two steps. First, a clear-sky background for Channel 4, in terms of means and standard deviations, is developed from GVI weekly composite data using their ''greenest'' subsamples. Second, this background is used to estimate the space-time-angle dependent thresholds. Both the size of the ''greenest'' subsample for deriving the climatology and its use for constructing the thresholds are discussed in detail using targets in central United States and Thailand. The approach is generalized further and applied globally. Special attention is devoted to the development of quantitative criteria to estimate the efficiency of both steps and to the improvement resulting from implementation of the proposed procedure of cloud screening. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. RP GUTMAN, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,ERA 12,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 134 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90040-X PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PW065 UT WOS:A1994PW06500006 ER PT J AU XIAO, QF CHEN, H SHAROV, VA MILDNER, DFR DOWNING, RG GAO, N GIBSON, DM AF XIAO, QF CHEN, H SHAROV, VA MILDNER, DFR DOWNING, RG GAO, N GIBSON, DM TI NEUTRON FOCUSING OPTIC FOR SUBMILLIMETER MATERIALS ANALYSIS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION APPLICATIONS; GUIDANCE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP XIAO, QF (reprint author), X-RAY OPT SYST INC,ALBANY,NY 12205, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 65 IS 11 BP 3399 EP 3402 DI 10.1063/1.1144513 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA PT164 UT WOS:A1994PT16400014 ER PT J AU PARNAS, RS COHEN, Y AF PARNAS, RS COHEN, Y TI A TERMINALLY ANCHORED POLYMER-CHAIN IN SHEAR-FLOW - SELF-CONSISTENT VELOCITY AND SEGMENT DENSITY PROFILES SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ANCHORED BEAD-ROD CHAIN; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; SHEAR FLOW; SURFACE BOUND POLYMER ID ADSORBED POLYMER; MONTE-CARLO; HYDRODYNAMIC THICKNESS; KINETIC-THEORY; DYNAMICS; MODEL; INTERFACE; MACROMOLECULES; CONFORMATION; ADSORPTION AB The behavior of a terminally anchored freely-jointed bead-rod chain, subjected to solvent shear flow, was investigated via Brownian dynamics simulations. Previous calculations have been improved by computing the segment density and fluid velocity profiles self-consistently. The segment density distributions, components of the radius of gyration, and chain attachment shear and normal stresses were found to be sensitive to low values of shear rate. Additionally, it was found that the thickness of a model polymer layer was a strong function of the shear rate, and that the functional dependence on shear rate changed dramatically as the chain length increased. For the longest chains studied, the thickness of the model polymer layer first increased as the shear rate increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased at high shear rates, in accordance with experimental results in theta solvents. These results suggest that a dilute or semi-dilute layer model may explain hydrodynamic behavior previously thought to be due to the entanglements that occur in dense surface bound polymer layers. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT CHEM ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP PARNAS, RS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Cohen, Yoram/M-8802-2014 OI Cohen, Yoram/0000-0002-0756-4699 NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI BERLIN 33 PA C/O SPRINGER-VERLAG, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, 1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 33 IS 6 BP 485 EP 505 DI 10.1007/BF00366334 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA QA229 UT WOS:A1994QA22900002 ER PT J AU LUMIA, R AF LUMIA, R TI USING NASREM FOR TELEROBOT CONTROL-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SO ROBOTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing (ISRAM) CY NOV, 1992 CL SANTA FE, NM DE NASREM; TELEROBOT CONTROL; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM AB Using a functional architecture such as the NASA/NIST Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) to implement specific applications is helpful because much of the work resides in the infrastructure and the infrastructure is the same for all applications. Rather than recreating this infrastructure, our approach is to develop the additional 20% of the code which tailors the infrastructure for the specific application. This paper describes the process by which a system based on NASREM is developed. RP LUMIA, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ROBOT SYST,BLDG 220,RM B-127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0263-5747 J9 ROBOTICA JI Robotica PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 12 BP 505 EP 512 PN 6 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA PT555 UT WOS:A1994PT55500004 ER PT J AU CHOQUETTE, SJ LOCASCIOBROWN, L AF CHOQUETTE, SJ LOCASCIOBROWN, L TI THERMAL DETECTION OF ENZYME-LABELED ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES USING FIBEROPTIC INTERFEROMETRY SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; THERMAL IMMUNOASSAY; FIBER OPTICS; ENZYME LABEL; ANTIBODY ID TEMPERATURE; SENSOR AB A fiber-optic interferometer is described for measuring the heat produced in an enzymatic reaction that is localized on the surface of the sensing fiber in a two-arm interferometer. Reactants are introduced to the sensing arm of the interferometer using a flow injection analysis system, while the reference arm is isolated in a separate compartment. Solution concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are quantified using the enzyme catalase immobilized to the sensing fiber. Catalase is also used as a detectable label in a solid-phase thermal immunosensing scheme. These initial results are presented, as well as a discussion of the potential advantages of using such a sensor for thermal immunoassays. RP CHOQUETTE, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0925-4005(94)87005-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA PX999 UT WOS:A1994PX99900002 ER PT J AU ZHANG, NF POLLARD, JF AF ZHANG, NF POLLARD, JF TI ANALYSIS OF AUTOCORRELATIONS IN DYNAMIC PROCESSES SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESS; GROSS-ERROR DETECTION; MASS IMBALANCE; MATERIAL BALANCE MODEL; NODAL IMBALANCE; STATIONARY PROCESS ID GROSS ERROR-DETECTION; CORRELATED PROCESS DATA; RECONCILIATION AB Data collected by process information and control systems are almost always correlated due to process dynamics combined with short sampling times. The traditional time series approach for dealing with autocorrelated data has been to model the autocorrelation. This modeling effort is substantially more difficult than simply treating the time series as a sequence of independent data. In this article, we develop and demonstrate a methodology that yields insight into the error introduced by not modeling the autocorrelation of the process data when performing material balances around process equipment. This work shows that in many cases data analysis (e.g., gross-error detection) can be done using the simplified models. C1 SHELL DEV CO,DEPT STAT,HOUSTON,TX 77251. RP ZHANG, NF (reprint author), NIST,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD NOV PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4 BP 354 EP 368 DI 10.2307/1269951 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA PN113 UT WOS:A1994PN11300003 ER PT J AU ADMON, U DAHAN, I DARIEL, MP KIMMEL, G SARIEL, J SHTECHMAN, A YAHAV, B ZEVIN, L LASHMORE, DS AF ADMON, U DAHAN, I DARIEL, MP KIMMEL, G SARIEL, J SHTECHMAN, A YAHAV, B ZEVIN, L LASHMORE, DS TI COPPER GRAIN-GROWTH IN THIN-FILM CU-CR MULTILAYERS SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE GRAIN BOUNDARY; GROWTH MECHANISM; MULTILAYERS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION AB Copper-chromium multilayers with a 25 nm repeat distance were prepared by dual gun sequential magnetron sputtering. The mutual immiscibility of the two elements ensures that no interdiffusion or reaction takes place at the deposition temperature. High temperature X-ray diffraction runs were carried out in the 370-630-degrees-C temperature range, at constant time intervals. At elevated temperature, the Cu(111) reflection showed increasing intensity and decreasing line-width as a function of time. Analysis of the line narrowing as a function of the annealing time and temperature allowed deduction of the activation energy, 0.41 +/- 0.05 eV per atom, associated with the atom mobility involved in the copper grain growth. C1 NUCL RES CTR NEGEV,IL-84190 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NATL INST STAND P TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP ADMON, U (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT MAT ENGN,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 251 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(94)90673-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA PN580 UT WOS:A1994PN58000006 ER PT J AU PELLA, PA AF PELLA, PA TI UNTITLED SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP PELLA, PA (reprint author), NIST,QUINCE ORCHARD RD,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA QF685 UT WOS:A1994QF68500009 ER PT J AU GREENE, BI SAETA, PN AF GREENE, BI SAETA, PN TI LOW-FREQUENCY LINE-SHAPES IN GUIDED ACOUSTIC-WAVE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; OPTICAL FIBERS AB Guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) measurements were performed on 20-cm lengths of optical fibers with particular attention focused on the lowest lying resonance. In 125-mu m-diam silica fibers, this resonance was observed to occur at similar to 22 MHz and have a line shape which varied erratically from sample to sample. Significant line shape fluctuations were evident even between sequential samples from the same fiber spool. We speculate that the observed effects are attributable to 0.01-0.1 mu m distributed geometric deviations from a perfect cylinder. (c) 1994 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GREENE, BI (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,600 MT AVE,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 1994 VL 65 IS 18 BP 2269 EP 2271 DI 10.1063/1.112714 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PP717 UT WOS:A1994PP71700009 ER PT J AU BALTZER, P LUNDQVIST, M WANNBERG, B KARLSSON, L LARSSON, M HAYES, MA WEST, JB SIGGEL, MRF PARR, AC DEHMER, JL AF BALTZER, P LUNDQVIST, M WANNBERG, B KARLSSON, L LARSSON, M HAYES, MA WEST, JB SIGGEL, MRF PARR, AC DEHMER, JL TI INNER-VALENCE STATES OF CO+ BETWEEN 22-EV AND 46-EV STUDIED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AND AB-INITIO CI CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE STRUCTURE; PHOTO-IONIZATION; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; N-2; INTENSITIES; O2 AB Photoionization of the CO molecule and inner-valence states of CO+ between 22 and 45 eV have been studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy using both synchrotron radiation and He II radiation. Vibrational structure has been resolved in many bands up to 45 eV. CASSCF (complete active space self-consistent field) and MRCI (multireference configuration interaction) calculations of potential curves in the 22-30 eV range have been performed and these have been used to predict vibrational levels and Franck-Condon factors. In this energy range three valence states, D 2 Pi, 3(2) Sigma(+) and 3(2) Pi have been identified, and spectroscopic constants have been determined for the first two of these. Above 30 eV, all valence states have been found to be repulsive. In addition to the broad bands expected for these states, several progressions of narrow lines are observed most probably reflecting transitions to Rydberg states. C1 ROYAL INST TECHNOL,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP BALTZER, P (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT PHYS,BOX 530,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4915 EP 4932 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/27/20/011 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PQ117 UT WOS:A1994PQ11700011 ER PT J AU SANDERS, SC RUSSEK, SE CLICKNER, CC EKIN, JW AF SANDERS, SC RUSSEK, SE CLICKNER, CC EKIN, JW TI INSULATING BOUNDARY-LAYER AND MAGNETIC SCATTERING IN YBA2CU3O7-DELTA/AG INTERFACES OVER A CONTACT RESISTIVITY RANGE OF 10(-8)-10(-3)-OMEGA-CM(2) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; POINT-CONTACT; CONDUCTANCE; GAP AB We have measured interface transport in thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-(delta)/Ag interfaces having resistivities ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-3) Ohm cm(2). Analysis of the interface I-V data indicates that tunneling is the predominant transport mechanism even for the in situ interfaces having contact resistivities of 1-7X10(-8) Ohm cm(2). Zero-bias conductance peaks are also observed for the entire range of interface resistivity. The similarity of the zero-bias conductance peaks among these widely varying interfaces suggests that the low-temperature interface transport is governed by the same mechanism in each case. These conductance peaks are analyzed in the framework of the Appelbaum-Anderson model for tunneling assisted by magnetic scattering from isolated magnetic spins in the interface. (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics. RP SANDERS, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 1994 VL 65 IS 17 BP 2232 EP 2234 DI 10.1063/1.112773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PN176 UT WOS:A1994PN17600039 ER PT J AU WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP ANDERSON, JG SALAWITCH, RJ FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, RS WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD TOOHEY, DW AVALLONE, LM PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR CHAN, KR WOFSY, SC AF WENNBERG, PO COHEN, RC STIMPFLE, RM KOPLOW, JP ANDERSON, JG SALAWITCH, RJ FAHEY, DW WOODBRIDGE, EL KEIM, ER GAO, RS WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD TOOHEY, DW AVALLONE, LM PROFFITT, MH LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR CHAN, KR WOFSY, SC TI REMOVAL OF STRATOSPHERIC O-3 BY RADICALS - IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF OH, HO2, NO, NO2, CLO, AND BRO SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN AB Simultaneous in situ measurements of the concentrations of OH, HO2, ClO, BrO, NO, and NO2 demonstrate the predominance of odd-hydrogen and halogen free-radical catalysis in determining the rate of removal of ozone in the lower stratosphere during May 1993. A single catalytic cycle, in which the rate-limiting step is the reaction of HO2 with ozone, accounted for nearly one-half of the total O-3 removal in this region of the atmosphere. Halogen-radical chemistry was responsible for approximately one-third of the photochemical removal of O-3; reactions involving BrO account for one-half of this loss. Catalytic destruction by NO2, which for two decades was considered to be the predominant loss process, accounted for less than 20 percent of the 0(3) removal. The measurements demonstrate quantitatively the coupling that exists between the radical families. The concentrations of HO2 and ClO are inversely correlated with those of NO and NO2. The direct determination of the relative importance of the catalytic loss processes, combined with a demonstration of the reactions linking the hydrogen, halogen, and nitrogen radical concentrations, shows that in the air sampled the rate of O-3 removal was inversely correlated with total NOx loading. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP WENNBERG, PO (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,12 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 31 TC 291 Z9 292 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5184 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1126/science.266.5184.398 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PN272 UT WOS:A1994PN27200024 PM 17816682 ER PT J AU ARAV, N BEGELMAN, MC AF ARAV, N BEGELMAN, MC TI MODELING THE DOUBLE-TROUGH STRUCTURE OBSERVED IN BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE QSOS USING RADIATIVE ACCELERATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, PROFILES; QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES AB We present a model explaining the double trough, separated by DELTAupsilon approximately 5900 km s-1, observed in the C IV lambda1549 broad absorption line (BAL) in a number of BALQSOs. The model is based on radiative acceleration of the BAL outflow, and the troughs result from modulations in the radiative force. Specifically, where the strong flux from the Lyalpha lambda1215 broad emission line is redshifted to the frequency of the N v lambda1240 resonance line, in the rest frame of the accelerating N v ions, the acceleration increases and the absorption is reduced. At higher velocities the Lyalpha emission is redshifted out of the resonance and the N v ions experience a. declining flux which causes the second absorption trough. A strongly nonlinear relationship between changes in the flux and the optical depth in the lines is shown to amplify the expected effect. This model produces double troughs for which the shallowest absorption between the two troughs occurs at upsilon congruent-to 5900 km s-1. Indeed, we find that a substantial number of the observed objects show this feature. A prediction of the model is that all BALQSOs that show a double-trough signature will be found to have an intrinsic sharp drop in their spectra shortward of approximately 1200 angstrom. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 2 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1086/174748 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PL837 UT WOS:A1994PL83700008 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, S GARCIA, RR RAVISHANKARA, AR AF SOLOMON, S GARCIA, RR RAVISHANKARA, AR TI ON THE ROLE OF IODINE IN OZONE DEPLETION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; CLOUD TRANSPORT; METHYL-IODIDE; AIR; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; GASES AB Ozone depletions in the lower stratosphere outside of polar regions are difficult to explain using only local chlorine and bromine chemistry. We speculate that iodine chemistry in combination with trends in anthropogenic chlorine and bromine may also be a factor in determining the widespread current depletion of lower stratospheric ozone. We also speculate on a related role for iodine in the sudden springtime surface ozone loss observed in the Arctic. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NOAA, AERON LAB, R E AL8, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 54 TC 333 Z9 341 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 20491 EP 20499 DI 10.1029/94JD02028 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900001 ER PT J AU TUCK, AF FAHEY, DW LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR KELLY, KK HOVDE, SJ MURPHY, DM ELKINS, JW AF TUCK, AF FAHEY, DW LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR KELLY, KK HOVDE, SJ MURPHY, DM ELKINS, JW TI SPREAD OF DENITRIFICATION FROM 1987 ANTARCTIC AND 1988-1989 ARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC VORTICES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; OZONE EXPERIMENT; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WATER-VAPOR; LATE WINTER; OXIDE; HEMISPHERE; HOLE AB Vertical profiles of N2O and NOy taken by the ER-2 outside the vortex are used to construct average vertical profiles of F(NOy)= NOy/(A-N2O), where A is the tropospheric content of N2O three years prior to the measurements. The southern hemisphere had less nitrous oxide in the range 400 < theta < 470 K, by up to 25% relative to the northern hemisphere. F(NOy) is the ratio of NOy produced to N2O lost in a stratospheric air mass since entry from the troposphere. The profiles of F(NOy) have the following characteristics: (1) Relative to 1991-1992, a year without denitrification Inside or outside the vortex, the northern hemisphere in 1988-1989 showed denitrification outside the vortex ranging up to 25% and averaging 17% above theta = 425 K. (2) Relative to the northern hemisphere in 1991-1992, the southern hemisphere in 1987 showed denitrification outside the vortex ranging up to 32% and averaging 20% above theta = 400 K. (3) Below theta = 400 K the southern hemisphere showed enhancements of F(NOy) relative to the northern hemisphere in 1991-1992 ranging up to 200% at theta = 375 K, outside the vortex. Corresponding profiles of residual water, R(H2O) = H2O - 2 [1.6 - CH4], are considered and shown to be consistent with those of F(NOy) in the sense that they show deficits outside the Antarctic vortex, which was both dehydrated and denitrified, but not outside the 1988-1989 Arctic vortex, which was denitrified but not dehydrated. R(H2O) is the water content of stratospheric air with the contribution from methane oxidation subtracted. Comparison of F(NOy) and R(H2O) below 400 K outside the Antarctic vortex leads to the suggestion that dehydration in the Antarctic vortex occurs by the sedimentation of ice crystals large enough to fall out of the stratosphere, whereas denitrification occurs mainly on mixed nitric acid-water crystals which evaporate below the base of the vortex at theta = 400 K but above the tropopause. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP TUCK, AF (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 20573 EP 20583 DI 10.1029/94JD01532 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900008 ER PT J AU GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL CICIORA, SJ PROFFITT, MH THOMPSON, TL MCLAUGHLIN, RJ FAHEY, DW AF GAO, RS KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL CICIORA, SJ PROFFITT, MH THOMPSON, TL MCLAUGHLIN, RJ FAHEY, DW TI NEW PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM FOR NO2 MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIRCRAFT; CLO; AEROSOLS; PINATUBO; OXIDES AB A new system for NO2 detection has been developed for use on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The system converts NO2 to NO using UV photolysis with the NO product subsequently detected with an on-board chemiluminescence detector. The new system is compact, light weight, has high time resolution (similar to 1 s), and is significantly more efficient then some previous designs. Details of the system design and airborne performance are discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP GAO, RS (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, R-E-AL6, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Ciciora, Steven/I-4916-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 20673 EP 20681 DI 10.1029/94JD01521 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900015 ER PT J AU RANDALL, DA CESS, RD BLANCHET, JP CHALITA, S COLMAN, R DAZLICH, DA DELGENIO, AD KEUP, E LACIS, A LETREUT, H LIANG, XZ MCAVANEY, BJ MAHFOUF, JF MELESHKO, VP MORCRETTE, JJ NORRIS, PM POTTER, GL RIKUS, L ROECKNER, E ROYER, JF SCHLESE, U SHEININ, DA SOKOLOV, AP TAYLOR, KE WETHERALD, RT YAGAI, I ZHANG, MH AF RANDALL, DA CESS, RD BLANCHET, JP CHALITA, S COLMAN, R DAZLICH, DA DELGENIO, AD KEUP, E LACIS, A LETREUT, H LIANG, XZ MCAVANEY, BJ MAHFOUF, JF MELESHKO, VP MORCRETTE, JJ NORRIS, PM POTTER, GL RIKUS, L ROECKNER, E ROYER, JF SCHLESE, U SHEININ, DA SOKOLOV, AP TAYLOR, KE WETHERALD, RT YAGAI, I ZHANG, MH TI ANALYSIS OF SNOW FEEDBACKS IN 14 GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FEEDBACK; SURFACE ALBEDO; SEA ICE; COVER AB Snow feedbacks produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models have been analyzed through idealized numerical experiments. Included in the analysis is an investigation of the surface energy budgets of the models. Negative or weak positive snow feedbacks occurred in some of the models, while others produced strong positive snow feedbacks. These feedbacks are due not only to melting snow, but also to increases in boundary temperature, changes in air temperature, changes in water vapor, and changes in cloudiness. As a result, the net response of each model is quite complex. We analyze in detail the responses of one model with a strong positive snow feedback and another with a weak negative snow feedback. Some of the models include a temperature dependence of the snow albedo, and this has significantly affected the results. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, INST TERR & PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES, MARINE SCI RES CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON, CANADA. LAB METEOROL DYNAM, PARIS, FRANCE. BUR METEOROL RES CTR, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA. NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. UNIV HAMBURG, MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, W-2000 HAMBURG 13, GERMANY. SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA. CTR NATL RECH METEOROL, METRO FRANCE, F-31057 TOULOUSE, FRANCE. VOEIKOV MAIN GEOPHYS OBSERV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS, READING RG2 9AX, BERKS, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, CLIMATE RES GRP, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. METEOROL RES INST, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. RP RANDALL, DA (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Meleshko, Valentin/D-2157-2016; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Norris, Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884 NR 21 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 20757 EP 20771 DI 10.1029/94JD01633 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900021 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, S BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR GARCIA, RR AF SOLOMON, S BURKHOLDER, JB RAVISHANKARA, AR GARCIA, RR TI OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS OF CF3I SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; CH3I; AIR AB Laboratory measurements of the infrared and near-ultraviolet absorption characteristics of CF3I (a potentially useful substitute for halons) are presented. Using these data together with a detailed photochemical model, it is shown that the lifetime of this gas in the sunlit atmosphere is less than a day. The chemistry of iodine in the stratosphere is evaluated, and it is shown that any iodine that reaches the stratosphere will be very effective for ozone destruction there. However, the extremely short lifetime of CF3I greatly limits its transport to the stratosphere when released at the surface, especially at midlatitudes, and the total anthropogenic surface release of CF3I is likely to be far less than that of natural iodocarbons such as CH3I on a global basis. It is highly Probable that the steady-state ozone depletion potential (ODP) of CF3I for surface releases is less than 0.008 and more likely below 0.0001. Measured infrared absorption data are also combined with the lifetime to show that the 20-year global warming potential (GWP) of this gas is likely to be very small, less than 5. Therefore this study suggests that neither the ODP nor the GWP of this gas represent significant obstacles to its use as a replacement for halons. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SOLOMON, S (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 34 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 20929 EP 20935 DI 10.1029/94JD01833 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900031 ER PT J AU SODEN, BJ ACKERMAN, SA STARR, DO MELFI, SH FERRARE, RA AF SODEN, BJ ACKERMAN, SA STARR, DO MELFI, SH FERRARE, RA TI COMPARISON OF UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR FROM GOES, RAMAN LIDAR, AND CROSS-CHAIN LORAN ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AEROSOLS; MOISTURE AB Observations of upper tropospheric relative humidity obtained from Raman lidar and CLASS sonde instruments obtained during the FIRE Cirrus-II field program are compared with satellite measurements from the GOES 6.7-mu m channel. The 6.7-mu m channel is sensitive to water vapor integrated over a broad layer in the upper troposphere (roughly 500-200 mbar). Instantaneous measurements of the upper tropospheric relative humidity from GOES are shown to agree to within roughly 6% of the nearest lidar observations and 9% of the nearest CLASS observations. The CLASS data exhibit a slight yet systematic dry bias in upper tropospheric humidity, a result which is consistent with previous radiosonde intercomparisons. Temporal stratification of the CLASS data indicates that the magnitude of the bias is dependent upon the time of day, suggesting a solar heating effect in the radiosonde sensor. Using CLASS profiles, the impact of vertical variability in relative humidity upon the GOES upper tropospheric humidity measurements is also examined. The upper tropospheric humidity inferred from the GOES 6.7-mu m channel is demonstrated to agree to within roughly 5% of the relative humidity vertically averaged over the depth of atmosphere to which the 6.7-mu m channel is sensitive. The results of this study encourage the use of satellite measurements in the 6.7-mu m channel to quantitatively describe the distribution and temporal evolution of the upper tropospheric humidity field. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES, MADISON, WI USA. PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD USA. RI Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D10 BP 21005 EP 21016 DI 10.1029/94JD01721 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN309 UT WOS:A1994PN30900037 ER PT J AU MUDD, JL BAECHTEL, FS DUEWER, DL CURRIE, LA REEDER, DJ LEIGH, SD LIU, HK AF MUDD, JL BAECHTEL, FS DUEWER, DL CURRIE, LA REEDER, DJ LEIGH, SD LIU, HK TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DNA PROFILING MEASUREMENTS .1. DATA AND SUMMARY STATISTICS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZING BANDS; FINGERPRINTS; ERRORS AB The data obtained during an interlaboratory precision study sponsored by the Technical Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods are summarized. These data are representative of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) autoradiographic measurements using laboratory protocols based upon procedures validated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Measurement reproducibility for a given RFLP fragment is a nonlinear function of the fragment's size, with the logarithm of the sample standard deviation (SD) approximately proportional to fragment size. The least-squares estimate of this relationship for fragments composed of 600 to 11 000 DNA base pairs (bp) is SD = 10.4 x 10((bp/8300)). Among-analyst and among-laboratory differences appear to contribute about equally to the variance in RFLP measurements. Autoradiographic imaging is a relatively small component of the overall variance for fragments less than or equal to 10 000 bp. Currently available data are sufficient to establish reliable tolerances for the expected interlaboratory variation for any given RFLP band size in this size range, assuming that relevant laboratories continue to use RFLP analysis protocols that are within the current ''statistical population'' (i.e., protocols similar to those used by the laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory study). This consistency may best be maintained through appropriate use of Standard Reference Materials, internal quality assurance programs, and external proficiency demonstrations. C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. FED BUR INVEST ACAD, CTR FORENS SCI RES & TRAINING, DIV LAB, QUANTICO, VA 22135 USA. NIST, COMP & APPL MATH LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 20 BP 3303 EP 3317 DI 10.1021/ac00092a005 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PL230 UT WOS:A1994PL23000008 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK FOWLES, EH BEAUCHAMP, JL AF IRIKURA, KK FOWLES, EH BEAUCHAMP, JL TI POSTIONIZATION CHEMICAL-SEPARATION - A MASS-SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUE FOR ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; GAS-PHASE; FT-ICR; LASER ABLATION; OSMIUM; RHENIUM; IONIZATION; METEORITES; CHEMISTRY AB Mass spectrometric analysis of isotopic mixtures is difficult when isotopes of different elements possess nearly the same mass and cannot be resolved. A new strategy, in which gaseous reagents induce selective ''chemical shifts'' in the mass spectrum, is proposed for resolving such mass interferences. This application of ion-molecule chemistry is demonstrated for the separations of Re-187(+) and Os-187(+) and of Os-186(+) and W-186(+). C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. LAPORTE RES & DEV,WIDNES WA8 0FE,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. RP IRIKURA, KK (reprint author), CALTECH,ARTHUR AMOS NOYES LAB CHEM PHYS,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 20 BP 3447 EP 3448 DI 10.1021/ac00092a023 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PL230 UT WOS:A1994PL23000026 ER PT J AU MUIR, WD GIORGI, AE COLEY, TC AF MUIR, WD GIORGI, AE COLEY, TC TI BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES IN YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON DURING HATCHERY RESIDENCE AND DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MIGRATION; TEMPERATURE; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; SWIMMING STAMINA; BUOYANCY ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMOLTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; SURVIVAL; INDEXES AB Swimming stamina, buoyancy, and gill Na+ -K+ ATPase activity were measured in yearling spring chinook salmon before and after release from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and Rapid River Hatchery from 1986 to 1988. Behavioral and physiological indices remained constant during the 3 months prior to release in early April. Following release, freeze-branded smolts were sampled at Lower Granite Dam, 118 and 279 km downstream from the respective hatcheries. These smolts exhibited swimming stamina and gill Na+-K+ ATPase levels that were significantly higher than those measured at the time of release. Buoyancy decreased among the same fish (significantly for one group). Migration rates to Lower Granite Dam were slow, but increased as smolts migrated further downstream. Experimental manipulation of water temperatures in the laboratory, using Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery stock, produced smolts with behavioral and physiological responses similar in magnitude to those measured in actively migrating smolts from the Idaho hatcheries. The commonly held premise that, as a result of smoltification, migrating fish exhibit decreased swimming stamina and increased buoyancy during migration, is not supported by this study. Furthermore, the results indicate that the general hatchery population of yearling chinook salmon received insufficient environmental cues necessary for full smolt development, prior to release. C1 NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 127 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90193-7 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PN661 UT WOS:A1994PN66100008 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL WEISS, LA PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE FORSYTH, RJ AF GOSLING, JT MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL WEISS, LA PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE FORSYTH, RJ TI A NEW CLASS OF FORWARD-REVERSE SHOCK PAIRS IN THE SOLAR-WIND SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COROTATING SHOCKS; PIONEER-10 AB A new class of forward-reverse shock pairs in the solar wind has been discovered using Ulysses observations at high heliographic latitudes. These shock pairs are produced by expansion of coronal mass ejections, CMEs, that have internal pressures that are higher than, and speeds that are comparable to, that of the surrounding solar wind plasma. Of six certain CMEs observed poleward of S31-degrees, three have associated shock pairs of this nature. We suggest that high internal CME pressures may exist primarily for events that have high speeds close to the surface of the Sun. C1 SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA. NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2271 EP 2274 DI 10.1029/94GL02245 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PN308 UT WOS:A1994PN30800003 ER PT J AU KNUTSON, TR MANABE, S AF KNUTSON, TR MANABE, S TI IMPACT OF INCREASED CO2 ON SIMULATED ENSO-LIKE PHENOMENA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; GCM; RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERE AB The impact of a CO2-induced global warming on ENSO-like fluctuations in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM is analyzed using two multi-century experiments. In the 4xCO2 experiment, CO2 increases by a factor of four in the first 140 years and then remains constant at 4xCO2 for another 360 years; in the control experiment, CO2 remains constant at 1xCO2 for 1000 years. The standard deviation of tropical Pacific SST fluctuations (7-degrees-N-7-degrees-S, 173-degrees-E-120-degrees-W; 2 to 15 year timescales) is 24% lower in the 4xCO2 experiment than in the control experiment; for the model's Southern Oscillation Index, a 19% decrease occurs, whereas for central tropical Pacific rainfall, a 3% increase occurs. An important feature of the control simulation is the internally generated modulation of variability on a multi-century timescale, which is comparable in magnitude to the changes occurring with 4xCO2. We conclude that despite an order 5 K warming of the tropical Pacific, and order 50% increase in time-mean atmospheric water vapor under 4xCO2 conditions, ENSO-like SST fluctuations in the coupled model do not intensify, but rather decrease slightly in amplitude. C1 GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2295 EP 2298 DI 10.1029/94GL02152 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PN308 UT WOS:A1994PN30800009 ER PT J AU REVERDIN, G FRANKIGNOUL, C KESTENARE, E MCPHADEN, MJ AF REVERDIN, G FRANKIGNOUL, C KESTENARE, E MCPHADEN, MJ TI SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN THE SURFACE CURRENTS OF THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO; HEAT-STORAGE; WIND STRESS; SHIP DRIFT; OCEAN; TRANSPORTS; VELOCITIES AB Buoy drifts and current meter records between January 1987 and April 1992 are used to investigate the seasonal variability of the equatorial Pacific Ocean currents at a depth of 15 m. The buoy drifts and current meter data are well correlated, and their differences are small, although slightly larger currents may be given by the buoy drifts. The seasonal cycle in the currents is analyzed between 20-degrees-N and 20-degrees-S on a 1-degree-x5-degrees grid using a function-fitting algorithm which somewhat smoothes the zonal structure but retains the meridional structure. The analysis captures a large, zonally coherent seasonal variability of the currents within 15-degrees of the equator, which significantly exceeds the estimated errors that originate from the limited sampling of the interannual, intraseasonal, and higher-frequency fluctuations of the currents. Many features of the new climatology are shared with other analyses of the surface currents in the equatorial Pacific, particularly the timing of the seasonal cycle of the main currents. There are, however, differences in the current velocities that are illustrated by a comparison with the ship drift data, which are analyzed here with the same spatial resolution. The analysis of the ship drifts presents larger meridional scales which are probably the result of the spatial smoothing involved in estimating a ship drift. The ship drifts are noticeably downwind of the 15-m currents. At the equator, they are also more westward than in the analysis of the 15-m currents between November and March near the date line and January and July in the eastern Pacific which at least partially results from differences in the climatic conditions sampled in the two data sets. C1 UNIV PARIS 06, OCEANOG DYNAM & CLIMATOL LAB, PARIS, FRANCE. NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RP REVERDIN, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV, LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV, PALISADES, NY 10964 USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 46 TC 136 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C10 BP 20323 EP 20344 DI 10.1029/94JC01477 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PM276 UT WOS:A1994PM27600001 ER PT J AU DASARO, E WALKER, S BAKER, E AF DASARO, E WALKER, S BAKER, E TI STRUCTURE OF 2 HYDROTHERMAL MEGAPLUMES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SALT LENS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SOUTH-PACIFIC; WATER; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB The dynamic signatures of two megaplumes above the Juan de Fuca Ridge are analyzed. The chemical properties of these two lenslike masses of water were described by Baker et al. (1989) and clearly indicate that they were generated by massive and rapid ventings of hot hydrothermal fluid from the ridge. Both are nearly circular with radii of about 6.5 km. The isopycnals bow upward around these cores of anomalous water, leading to an anticyclonic circulation. A cyclogeostrophic balance gives maximum currents at the edge of the core of 0.11 m s-1 for the first megaplume (MP1) and 0.07m s-1 for the second megaplume (MP2). Currents extend beyond the core to a radius of 12-15 km. The centers of the cores are in nearly solid body rotation with relative vorticities of -0.5f (MP1) and -0.3f (MP2) and potential vorticity anomalies, expressed in units of equivalent relative vorticity, of -0.8f (MP1) and -0.6f (MP2), where f is the Coriolis frequency. The aspect ratio of each megaplume gives a Burger number of 0.22. In terms of these nondimensional numbers, the megaplumes are very similar to eddies of Mediterranean water found in the eastern Atlantic (meddies), despite their very different origin. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP DASARO, E (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL OCEAN & FISHERY SCI,APPL PHYS LAB,1013 NE 40TH ST,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C10 BP 20361 EP 20373 DI 10.1029/94JC01846 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PM276 UT WOS:A1994PM27600003 ER PT J AU XIE, SP AF XIE, SP TI OCEANIC RESPONSE TO THE WIND FORCING ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; SIMULATION; CYCLE AB A zonally oriented band of warm surface water, centered on 10-degrees-N and collocated with the atmospheric Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), is observed in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. The annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the southern hemisphere, on the other hand, is much lower than that in the warm water band. Such an equatorially asymmetric distribution of SST is considered to be responsible for the persistent stay of the ITCZ in the northern hemisphere. A three-dimensional ocean general circulation model is used to investigate the maintenance of this high SST band. The model is driven by the wind forcing associated with an idealized zonally symmetric ITCZ in the northern hemisphere. Focusing on the effects of the wind forcing, we assume equatorial symmetry in other atmospheric fields. In such a model the equatorially asymmetric distribution of the wind speed, which affects the ocean through evaporation, is found to be the primary cause of the asymmetric SST distribution. The meridional advection of temperature by the ocean currents affects the latitude of the warm water band. The effects of the eastward advection of the warm western Pacific water by the North Equatorial Countercurrent and of the coastal upwelling along the South American coast are also examined. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C10 BP 20393 EP 20402 DI 10.1029/94JC01653 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PM276 UT WOS:A1994PM27600006 ER PT J AU KIM, S LEDBETTER, H LI, YY AF KIM, S LEDBETTER, H LI, YY TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF 4 FE-CR-NI-MN ALLOYS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS; STAINLESS-STEEL; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Using ultrasonic methods, the complete polycrystalline elastic constants of four Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn alloys were measured. Combining these results with those reported previously for five similar alloys, the focus was on the alloying effects of chromium, nickel, and manganese. The alloys contained 16 to 23 at % chromium, 7 to 28 at % nickel, and 0 to 13 at % manganese. Only manganese produced regular effects, consistent with volume changes. Both chromium and nickel produced surprising increases in the bulk modulus and equally surprising decreases in the shear modulus. It is hypothesized that changing the bonding electrons from a d-character to an s-character explains such irregularities. The measurements were examined with Ducastelle's model, which contains two terms: a band-structure term and a repulsive-energy term. C1 ACAD SINICA,INST MET RES,SHENYANG 110015,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KIM, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INST MAT SCI & ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 29 IS 20 BP 5462 EP 5466 DI 10.1007/BF01171562 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA PP298 UT WOS:A1994PP29800031 ER PT J AU PIERCE, RB GROSE, WL RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF SWINBANK, R ONEILL, A AF PIERCE, RB GROSE, WL RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF SWINBANK, R ONEILL, A TI SPRING DEHYDRATION IN THE ANTARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC VORTEX OBSERVED BY HALOE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The distribution of dehydrated air in the middle and lower stratosphere during the 1992 Southern Hemisphere spring is investigated using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) observations and trajectory techniques. Comparisons between previously published Version 9 and the improved Version 16 retrievals on the 700-K isentropic surface show very slight (0.05 ppmv) increases in Version 16 CH4 relative to Version 9 within the polar vortex. Version 16 H2O mixing ratios show a reduction of 0.5 ppmv relative to Version 9 within the polar night jet and a reduction of nearly 1.0 ppmv in middle latitudes when compared to Version 9. The Version 16 HALOE retrievals show low mixing ratios of total hydrogen (2CH4 + H2O) within the polar vortex on both 700 and 425 K isentropic surfaces relative to typical middle-stratospheric 2CH4 + H2O mixing ratios. The low 2CH4 + H2O mixing ratios are associated with dehydration. Slight reductions in total hydrogen, relative to typical middle-stratospheric values, are found at these levels throughout the Southern Hemisphere during this period. Trajectory calculations show that middle-latitude air masses are composed of a mixture of air from within the polar night jet and air from middle latitudes. A strong kinematic barrier to large-scale exchange is found on the poleward flank of the polar night jet at 700 K. A much weaker kinematic barrier is found at 425 K. The impact of the finite tangent pathlength of the HALOE measurements is investigated using an idealized tracer distribution. This experiment suggests that HALOE should be able to resolve the kinematic barrier, if it exists. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL RB12 2SZ,BERKS,ENGLAND. RP PIERCE, RB (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MS 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 20 BP 2931 EP 2941 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2931:SDITAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN067 UT WOS:A1994PN06700011 ER PT J AU BITHELL, M GRAY, LJ HARRIES, JE RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF AF BITHELL, M GRAY, LJ HARRIES, JE RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF TI SYNOPTIC INTERPRETATION OF MEASUREMENTS FROM HALOE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; BREAKING PLANETARY-WAVES; ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; TRACER DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB The degree to which the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex is isolated against horizontal (isentropic) mixing is investigated using data from the Halogen Occulation Experiment (HALOE), U.K. Meteorological Office (UKMO) potential vorticity (PV), and contour advection diagnostics. Measurements of methane and water vapor taken by HALOE during a disturbed period in the Southern Hemisphere springtime (21 September - 15 October 1992) are interpreted in light of the prevailing synoptic meteorology. Daily fields of winds and PV are shown to be essential in the interpretation of the data. A climatological high pressure region is responsible for a distorted vortex, and a substantial ''vortex stripping'' event is present, associated with the early stages of vortex breakdown. This leads to significant temporal, zonal, and altitudinal variations in the distribution of tracers. The authors point out the difficulties this presents for the interpretation of solar occultation data, especially with regard to the use of zonal average time series. Longitude-height methane distributions from two days during the period are examined. Both days show substantial variations in abundance around a latitude circle. In particular the authors investigate HALOE measurements at 77-degrees-S on 15 October 1992, which indicate an abundance of methane in the height region 600-2000 K (approximately 30-1 mb) that is more typical of midlatitude air. Similar distributions, observed in the 1991 HALOE data, have previously been interpreted as evidence for the penetration of midlatitude air into the vortex. Gradients of potential vorticity and contour advection diagnostics are employed to examine whether the UKMO winds are consistent with this hypothesis in 1992. Although midlatitude air is able to penetrate poleward of the main jet core by advection processes alone, an essentially intact inner core of vortex air remains, which does not mix to any great extent with air from lower latitudes. The authors show that the high-latitude HALOE abundances that are typical of midlatitude air were observed in a region of extensive filamentation and mixing, rather than within the inner, more isolated, core. C1 DARESBURY & RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,CHILTON,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON SW7 2AZ,ENGLAND. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Gray, Lesley/D-3610-2009; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 20 BP 2942 EP 2956 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2942:SIOMFH>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN067 UT WOS:A1994PN06700012 ER PT J AU WOICIK, JC FRANKLIN, GE LIU, C MARTINEZ, RE HWONG, IS BEDZYK, MJ PATEL, JR GOLOVCHENKO, JA AF WOICIK, JC FRANKLIN, GE LIU, C MARTINEZ, RE HWONG, IS BEDZYK, MJ PATEL, JR GOLOVCHENKO, JA TI STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF THE SI(111)-ROOT-3-X-ROOT-3-BI SURFACE BY X-RAY STANDING WAVES AND SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; 2 PHASES; RECONSTRUCTION; SB/SI(111); SILICON; BI C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,EVANSTON,IL 60208. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MUNICH,SEKT PHYS,D-80539 MUNICH,GERMANY. RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 16 BP 12246 EP 12249 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.12246 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PR434 UT WOS:A1994PR43400122 ER PT J AU TAKASAKI, N MURATA, S SAITOH, M KOBAYASHI, T PARK, L OKADA, N AF TAKASAKI, N MURATA, S SAITOH, M KOBAYASHI, T PARK, L OKADA, N TI SPECIES-SPECIFIC AMPLIFICATION OF TRANSFER-RNA-DERIVED SHORT INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE ELEMENTS (SINES) BY RETROPOSITION - A PROCESS OF PARASITIZATION OF ENTIRE GENOMES DURING THE EVOLUTION OF SALMONIDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RETROPOSON; SALMON; PHYLOGENY ID ALU FAMILY; SUBFAMILY RELATIONSHIPS; REPEATED SEQUENCES; SUCCESSIVE WAVES; LINEAGE HISTORY; DNA-SEQUENCE; SOURCE GENES; RNA; PSEUDOGENES; DIVERGENCE AB Fourteen members of the Hpa I subfamilies of tRNA-derived SINEs in particular salmonid species were isolated from genomic libraries of chum salmon, kokanee, coho salmon, masu salmon, and steelhead. Alignment of the sequences of these 14 members, together with those of 4 members already published, 3 of which were previously demonstrated to have been amplified specifically in certain lineages, revealed the presence of five subfamilies with particular diagnostic nucleotides. The amplification of members of the same subfamily in different salmonid lineages and the amplification of members of different subfamilies in the same salmonid lineage suggest that multiple dispersed loci were responsible for amplification or, alternatively, that SINEs were transmitted horizontally between species. These two possibilities are not mutually exclusive. Our results also indicate that the Hpa I SINEs in salmonids behave like parasites. The amplification of these SINEs is ongoing and continues to shape the evolution of salmonid genomes. C1 TOKYO INST TECHNOL,FAC BIOSCI & BIOTECHNOL,MIDORI KU,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 227,JAPAN. NATL RES INST AQUACULTURE,TAMAKI,MIE 51904,JAPAN. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 40 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 21 BP 10153 EP 10157 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10153 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PM138 UT WOS:A1994PM13800100 PM 7937854 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, JF FREED, KF AF DOUGLAS, JF FREED, KF TI COMPETITION BETWEEN HYDRODYNAMIC SCREENING (DRAINING) AND EXCLUDED-VOLUME INTERACTIONS IN AN ISOLATED POLYMER-CHAIN SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; CONFORMATION-SPACE RENORMALIZATION; ROTATIONAL FRICTION COEFFICIENTS; SLIPPING BOUNDARY-CONDITION; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN MODEL; DILUTE-SOLUTION; FLEXIBLE POLYMERS; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; STAR POLYMERS AB A remaining challenge in the theory of polymer solution dynamics is associated with establishing a relation between the macroscopic hydrodynamic properties of polymer solutions and the molecular structure of the polymer and solvent. This problem is unsolved even for the simplest case of polymer solutions at ''infinite dilution''. Recent studies have focused on technical problems such as the ''preaveraging'' approximation, e-expansion truncation errors, and the influence of ternary excluded volume interactions which limit the accuracy of analytic calculations. The present paper examines the role of polymer excluded volume in altering intramolecular hydrodynamic interactions and the possible significance of dynamic chain flexibility on hydrodynamic polymer solution properties. This investigation is aided by analysis of our previous renormalization group (RG) computations and simple exactly solvable models, We also examine experimental trends for the variation of the polymer hydrodynamic interaction with solvent and the variation of the translational friction of small molecules with molecular size. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP DOUGLAS, JF (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 138 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 21 BP 6088 EP 6099 DI 10.1021/ma00099a022 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PM220 UT WOS:A1994PM22000022 ER PT J AU MURRAY, JW BARBER, RT ROMAN, MR BACON, MP FEELY, RA AF MURRAY, JW BARBER, RT ROMAN, MR BACON, MP FEELY, RA TI PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL-CONTROLS ON CARBON CYCLING IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; FLUXES; SEA; IRON; PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; AMMONIUM AB The equatorial Pacific is the largest oceanic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and has been proposed to be a major site of organic carbon export to the deep sea. Study of the chemistry and biology of this area from 170 degrees to 95 degrees W suggests that variability of remote winds in the western Pacific and tropical instability waves are the major factors controlling chemical and biological variability. The reason is that most of the biological production is based on recycled nutrients; only a few of the nutrients transported to the surface by upwelling are taken up by photosynthesis. Biological cycling within the euphotic zone is efficient, and the export of carbon fixed by photosynthesis is small. The fluxes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and particulate organic carbon to the deep sea were about 0.3 gigatons per year, and the production of dissolved organic carbon was about three times as large. The data establish El Nino events as the main source of interannual variability. C1 DUKE UNIV, MARINE LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MD 21613 USA. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RP MURRAY, JW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH OCEANOG, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RI roman, michael/F-9425-2013; OI Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964 NR 100 TC 256 Z9 260 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5182 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1126/science.266.5182.58 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PK582 UT WOS:A1994PK58200025 PM 17814000 ER PT J AU LEVITUS, S ANTONOV, JI BOYER, TP AF LEVITUS, S ANTONOV, JI BOYER, TP TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE AT A DEPTH OF 125 METERS IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; SEA; INTERMEDIATE AB Analyses of historical ocean temperature data at a depth of 125 meters in the North Atlantic Ocean indicate that from 1950 to 1990 the subtropical and subarctic gyres exhibited linear trends that were opposite in phase. In addition, multivariate analyses of yearly mean temperature anomaly fields between 20 degrees N and 70 degrees N in the North Atlantic show a characteristic space-time temperature oscillation from 1947 to 1990. A quasidecadal oscillation, first identified at Ocean Weather Station C, is part of a basin-wide feature. Gyre and basin-scare variations such as these provide the observational basis for climate diagnostic and modeling studies. C1 STATE HYDROL INST,ST PETERSBURG 199053,RUSSIA. RP LEVITUS, S (reprint author), NATL OCEANOG DATA CTR,E-OC5,UNIVERSAL BLDG,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5182 BP 96 EP 99 DI 10.1126/science.266.5182.96 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PK582 UT WOS:A1994PK58200030 PM 17814003 ER PT J AU KRAUSS, M JENSEN, JO HAMEKA, HF AF KRAUSS, M JENSEN, JO HAMEKA, HF TI ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF THE EXCITED-STATES AND PHENOL FLUORESCENCE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AMINO-ACIDS; TYROSINE; FIELD AB The excitation energies of phenol and the deprotonated anion have been determined at geometries relevant to both the absorption and fluorescence spectra using first-order configuration interaction methods. Optimized geometries were calculated for the ground and first excited singlet and triplet state of both neutral and anion molecules. Solvatochromic shifts are predicted to be very small since the ground and singlet excited state dipole moments are very similar. The fluorescent shift is dominated by the differences in the vertical transition energies at the equilibrium geometries of the ground and excited state. Anion absorption and fluorescence shifts are substantially to the red of those found for the neutral molecule. Ordering and assignment of the tripler valence states of neutral and deprotonated phenol are determined to be different. Experimental observation that anion formation strongly deactivates fluorescence is related to these differences. Coupling of the first excited singlet to its cognate triplet state is suggested as the quenching mechanism in the anion, and the same process occurs more weakly in the neutral species. C1 USA, EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. UNIV PENN, DEPT CHEM, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. RP KRAUSS, M (reprint author), NIST, CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 40 BP 9955 EP 9959 DI 10.1021/j100091a004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PK740 UT WOS:A1994PK74000004 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT PATE, BH AF ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT PATE, BH TI OBSERVATION OF TUNNELING SPLITTINGS IN THE 10 MU-M INFRARED-SPECTRA OF CYCLOPROPYLAMINE AND PROPARGYLAMINE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; TORSIONAL STATE; METHYL AMINE; CONFORMATIONS; ASSIGNMENT; ETHYLAMINE; TRANS AB Three vibrational bands for each of the primary amines, cyclopropylamine and propargylamine, have been studied in the 900-1100 cm(-1) region using a 2 MHz resolution (fwhm) electric resonance optothermal molecular beam spectrometer with a microwave sideband CO2 laser. All the observed bands exhibit tunneling doublets with 3:1 relative intensities, indicative of amine proton interchange. No evidence for tunneling splittings has been observed in the ground-state microwave spectra of these molecules, although such splittings have been observed in the microwave spectra of other primary amines. For trans-cyclopropylamine the v(10) and v(23) fundamental bands and the v(13) + v(27) torsional combination band have been observed near 1020, 1045, and 1006 cm(-1), respectively. The J = 0 tunneling splittings for v(10) and v(23) are 3.6(4) and 21.3(4) MHz. These splittings are essentially independent of J and K-a. For v(13) + v(27) the tunneling splittings vary from 923(14) MHz for K-a = 0 to 675(14) MHz for K-a = 4. Because the tunneling gaps in the ground state are unknown, these splittings measure only the difference in tunneling splitting between the ground and excited states. The rotational progressions for the tunneling sublevels of v(10) and v(23) are well characterized by an asymmetric-top Hamiltonian, except for a Coriolis perturbation of the 928 level of ylo The rotational levels for the combination vibration are poorly characterized by an asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian. For transpropargylamine, the vs and v(9) fundamental bands and an unidentified combination band, presumably in Fermi resonance with v(9), have been observed near 1076, 931, and 929 cm(-1) respectively. The J, K-a = 0 tunneling splittings, measuring the difference in tunneling splitting between the ground and excited states, are +748(1) MHz for ys and -404(2) and -350(4) MHz for the Fermi diad, with the splittings for all three bands showing a strong K-a dependence. The origins of the tunneling splittings are discussed. C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 40 BP 9979 EP 9985 DI 10.1021/j100091a008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PK740 UT WOS:A1994PK74000008 ER PT J AU REKHARSKY, MV SCHWARZ, FP TEWARI, YB GOLDBERG, RN AF REKHARSKY, MV SCHWARZ, FP TEWARI, YB GOLDBERG, RN TI A THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF THE REACTIONS OF CYCLODEXTRINS WITH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS, WITH D-PHENYLALANINE AND L-PHENYLALANINE, AND WITH L-PHENYLALANINEAMIDE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS; BINDING; TITRATION; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES; 298.15-K; WATER AB Equilibrium constants and standard molar enthalpies of reaction have been determined by titration calorimetry for the reactions of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, (R)-(+)-2-butanol, (S)-((-))-2-butanol, (+/-)-butanol, (R)-(+)-2-pentanol, (S)-((-))-2-pentanol, (R)-(+)-2-hexanol, (S)-((-))-2-hexanol, (R)-(+)-2-heptanol, (S)-((-))-2-heptanol, D-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, and L-phenylalanineamide with alpha-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin. The standard molar Gibbs energies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar entropies for these reactions correlate well with respect to the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the alcohol and form a series of distinct curves for the different types of alcohols. The results are also discussed in relation to hydrophobic, steric, and charge effects and the exchange reaction for a ligand from alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin. With the exception of the results for the standard molar enthalpies of reaction of the 2-butanols with alpha-cyclodextrin, the results obtained in this study show that, within the indicated uncertainties, there are no differences in any of the thermodynamic quantities for the reactions of these ligands with either alpha- or beta-cyclodextrin due to the change in the location of a hydrogen atom on an optically active carbon atom. C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 22 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 40 BP 10282 EP 10288 DI 10.1021/j100091a051 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PK740 UT WOS:A1994PK74000051 ER PT J AU MARCASSA, L MUNIZ, S DEQUEIROZ, E ZILIO, S BAGNATO, V WEINER, J JULIENNE, PS SUOMINEN, KA AF MARCASSA, L MUNIZ, S DEQUEIROZ, E ZILIO, S BAGNATO, V WEINER, J JULIENNE, PS SUOMINEN, KA TI OPTICAL SUPPRESSION OF PHOTOASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION IN A MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER MODIFICATION; COLLISIONS; ATOMS AB We demonstrate suppression of two-color photoassociative ionization in a sodium vapor magneto-optical trap by imposing an auxiliary ''suppressor'' light beam on the ensemble of colliding trapped atoms. We interpret the experimental results in terms of a simple picture in which the suppressor light intercepts incoming reactant particle flux and reroutes it to long-range repulsive states, effectively preventing further approach of the collision pairs. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. RP MARCASSA, L (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS & QUIM SAO CARLOS,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL. RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; zilio, sergio/B-4663-2011; Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; Muniz, Sergio/G-6426-2012; Marcassa, Luis/H-3158-2012; Suominen, Kalle-Antti/H-9076-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Muniz, Sergio/0000-0002-8753-4659; Marcassa, Luis/0000-0003-4047-8984; Suominen, Kalle-Antti/0000-0002-1091-2893; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 14 BP 1911 EP 1914 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1911 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PJ424 UT WOS:A1994PJ42400010 ER PT J AU SMITH, DB WILLIAMS, DF FUJITA, A AF SMITH, DB WILLIAMS, DF FUJITA, A TI SATELLITE MISSIONS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONCEPT OF A GLOBAL SATELLITE OBSERVATION INFORMATION NETWORK - THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE-ON-EARTH-OBSERVATION-SATELLITES (CEOS) SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International-Astronautical-Federation Congress: Challenges of Space for a Better World CY OCT 16-22, 1993 CL AUSTRIAN SPACE AGCY, GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP INT ASTRONAUT FEDERAT, INT ACAD ASTRONAUT, INT INST SPACE LAW HO AUSTRIAN SPACE AGCY AB The paper traces the development of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) since its November 1990 Plenary: its restructuring to include major intergovernmental user and international scientific organizational affiliates; its focus on data sharing issues and completion of a CEOS resolution guaranteeing global change researchers access to satellite data at the cost of filling a user request; unfolding of a CEOS-associated initiative of the UK Prime Minister reporting to UNCED delegations on the relevance of satellite missions to the study of the global environment; development of a ''Dossier'' providing detailed information on all CEOS agency satellite missions, including sensor specifications, ground systems, standard data products, and other information relevant to users; creation of a permanent CEOS Secretariat; and efforts currently underway to assess the feasibility of a global satellite observation information network. Of particular relevane to developing countries, the paper will discuss CEOS efforts to assure broad user access and to foster acceptance of applications in such important areas as disaster monitoring and mitigation, land cover change, weather forecasting, and long-term climate modeling. RP SMITH, DB (reprint author), NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90257-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA PN203 UT WOS:A1994PN20300022 ER PT J AU STOCKE, JT SHULL, JM GRANADOS, AE SACHS, ER AF STOCKE, JT SHULL, JM GRANADOS, AE SACHS, ER TI SATELLITE EMISSION FEATURES IN 2 SEYFERT-GALAXIES - NEW EVIDENCE THAT RADIO-QUIET AGN POSSESS SUBRELATIVISTIC WINDS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROAD-ABSORPTION-LINE; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; NGC-4151; REGIONS; QSOS; UV AB HST/FOS spectra are presented for three bright Seyfert galaxies including one (PG 1351+64) which possesses blue-displaced absorption features in C IV, Si IV, N V, and Ly alpha (but not in Mg II) similar to those seen at high redshift in the broad-absorption-line (BAL) QSOs. Several features of the absorptions in PG 1351+64, including variability seen in archival IUE data, confirm their similarity to the BAL clouds rather than to the ''associated absorber'' phenomenon which they superficially resemble. In PG 1351+64 ''satellite'' emission lines (called herein E1 and E2) have been detected nearly symmetrically placed at +/-4000 km s(-1) around the Mg II emission line; this velocity is just larger than the most blue-displaced of the BALs, suggesting that these two phenomena are related. The satellite line luminosity, L(E1)approximate to(3x10(41) erg s(-1)) h(75)(-2), requires a cloud emission measure n(e)(2) V-c approximate to(1X10(64) cm(-3)) h(75)(-2) at T approximate to 30 000 K. We believe the Mg II lines are produced by 50-90 km s(-1) shocks driven into dense (similar to 10(6) cm(-3), pre-shock) clouds by the ram pressure of a 0.1. M(circle dot) yr(-1) wind leaving the nucleus at velocity 4000 km s(-1). The detection of satellite lines in Mg II, the detection of the blue-shifted cloud in H alpha and H beta and the nondetection of this cloud in C IV restricts the cloud shocks to velocities upsilon(c) less than or equal to 90 km s(-1) and requires a cloud/wind density contrast greater than or equal to 10(3). In this model, the emitting clouds are located at distances of R(eff)approximate to 10(18-19) cm from the nucleus and are entrained and shock-accelerated to similar to 4000 km s(-1). The possible detection of similar ''satellite'' emission features in the non-BAL Seyfert, Ton 951, suggests that the subrelativistic wind that accelerates BAL clouds is a physical feature of many radio-quiet AGN. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. RP STOCKE, JT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1185 DI 10.1086/117146 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ505 UT WOS:A1994PJ50500005 ER PT J AU YAP, WT AF YAP, WT TI ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN EQUILIBRIUM - HYDROLYSIS OF PENICILLIN AND AMPICILLIN SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BINDING POLYNOMIALS; REFERENCE REACTION; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT; PENICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; HYDROLYSIS AB A general equilibrium model for a class of biochemical reactions was formulated, using the formalism of binding polynomials for the evaluations of the various species. Thermodynamic equilibrium constant was obtained from the observed equilibrium total concentrations of reactants at specified pH and certain ligand concentrations. Results for the hydrolysis of penicillin and ampicillin were analyzed with this equilibrium model. Predicted fractions of hydrolysis products at various pH values were calculated. RP YAP, WT (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0301-4622(94)00088-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA PM196 UT WOS:A1994PM19600004 PM 17020827 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, RF AF RICHARDS, RF TI STEADY-FLUX MEASUREMENTS OF MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY IN UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Measurements of moisture diffusivity in unsaturated porous media using a steady-flux technique are reported. The method involves measuring the one-dimensional moisture content profile produced in a material specimen by a known steady flux of water flowing through the specimen. Uncertainties in the measured values of moisture diffusivity are analyzed and limitations on the precision of the technique are discussed. The present steady-flux technique permits specimen moisture content gradients to be controlled to a degree that is not possible with transient methods. thereby providing more precise measurements. RP RICHARDS, RF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 531 EP 535 DI 10.1016/0360-1323(94)90012-4 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA PK680 UT WOS:A1994PK68000012 ER PT J AU BURPEE, RW ABERSON, SD BLACK, PG DEMARIA, M FRANKLIN, JL GRIFFIN, JS HOUSTON, SH KAPLAN, J LORD, SJ MARKS, FD POWELL, MD WILLOUGHBY, HE AF BURPEE, RW ABERSON, SD BLACK, PG DEMARIA, M FRANKLIN, JL GRIFFIN, JS HOUSTON, SH KAPLAN, J LORD, SJ MARKS, FD POWELL, MD WILLOUGHBY, HE TI REAL-TIME GUIDANCE PROVIDED BY NOAAS HURRICANE RESEARCH DIVISION TO FORECASTERS DURING EMILY OF 1993 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; TRACK FORECASTS; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL; LANDFALL; CENTERS; MODEL; HEAT AB The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) is NOAA's primary component for research on tropical cyclones. In accomplishing research goals, many staff members have developed analysis procedures and forecast models that not only help improve the understanding of hurricane structure, motion, and intensity change, but also provide operational support for forecasters at the National Hurricane Center (NHC). During the 1993 hurricane season, HRD demonstrated three important real-time capabilities for the first time. These achievements included the successful transmission of a series of color radar reflectivity images from the NOAA research aircraft to NHC, the operational availability of objective mesoscale streamline and isotach analyses of a hurricane surface wind field, and the transition of the experimental dropwindsonde program on the periphery of hurricanes to a technology capable of supporting operational requirements. Examples of these and other real-time capabilities are presented for Hurricane Emily. C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. RP BURPEE, RW (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1765 EP 1783 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1765:RTGPBN>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN886 UT WOS:A1994PN88600001 ER PT J AU HELD, IM SUAREZ, MJ AF HELD, IM SUAREZ, MJ TI A PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERCOMPARISON OF THE DYNAMICAL CORES OF ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION CODES; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS; CLIMATE AB A benchmark calculation is proposed for evaluating the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models independently of the physical parameterizations. The test focuses on the long-term statistical properties of a fully developed general circulation; thus, it is particularly appropriate for intercomparing the dynamics used in climate models. To illustrate the use of this benchmark, two very different atmospheric dynamical cores-one spectral, one finite difference-are compared. It is found that the long-term statistics produced by the two models are very similar. Selected results from these calculations are presented to initiate the intercomparison. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP HELD, IM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 17 TC 451 Z9 461 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1825 EP 1830 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1825:APFTIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN886 UT WOS:A1994PN88600005 ER PT J AU ZEVIN, SF SEITTER, KL AF ZEVIN, SF SEITTER, KL TI RESULTS OF SURVEY OF SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP - DEMOGRAPHICS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 AMER METEOROL SOC,BOSTON,MA. RP ZEVIN, SF (reprint author), NOAA NATL WEATHER SERV,EASTERN REG,BOHEMIA,NY 11716, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1855 EP 1866 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN886 UT WOS:A1994PN88600013 ER PT J AU HABERMANN, RE CREAMER, F AF HABERMANN, RE CREAMER, F TI CATALOG ERRORS AND THE M8 EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION ALGORITHM SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENCY; MAGNITUDES AB The goal of earthquake prediction algorithm research efforts is to identify patterns in data that characteristically occur prior to large earthquakes. Most of these algorithms implicitly assume that variations in the data they examine are related to actual changes in physical processes occurring in the Earth. In the case of seismicity data, most of the observed variations are, in fact, related to changes in the system for detecting and reporting earthquakes and not to actual changes in the Earth. We have tested the earthquake prediction algorithm M8 using five different seismicity data sets for the southwest Pacific. We demonstrate that the alarms identified by M8 are strongly dependent on the seismicity catalog used. The alarms occur preferentially during times when magnitudes are relatively high because of systematic errors. These alarms cannot be reasonably interpreted as precursors to earthquakes or any other real change in the Earth without first understanding and correcting the errors in the seismicity catalogs. This study highlights the need for improving the quality of geophysical data, which is presently unsuitable for many studies related to earthquake prediction. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP HABERMANN, RE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1559 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QW649 UT WOS:A1994QW64900017 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, LD KONNO, ES PERTIERRA, JP AF JACOBSON, LD KONNO, ES PERTIERRA, JP TI STATUS OF PACIFIC MACKEREL AND TRENDS IN BIOMASS, 1978-1993 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Estimates from virtual population analysis indicate that Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) biomass increased during 1978-82 to the highest level on record (829,000 short tons), and then declined to less than 100,000 tons by 1993 (estimates for recent years are imprecise). High biomass in early years was due to the strong 1978 and 1980-82 year classes. The declining biomass after 1982 was due to lower recruitment. Current conditions appear similar to those in the mid 1940s, when Pacific mackerel declined after a period of high abundance. Abundance data and biomass indices during recent years were affected by ENSO conditions; more accurate estimates of biomass and assessment of ENSO effects will be possible after environmental conditions return to normal. Recent catch levels (46,000 and 23,000 tons year-1 during 1992 and 1993) were large relative to biomass, and may have exceeded the target 30% total exploitation rate that is the basis for management in California, The economic condition of the fishery is poor, and resources available for management are at an all-time low because of changing priorities and financial constraints. Landings of Pacific mackerel increased in Mexico during recent years while California landings remained relatively constant, and biomass declined. Thus the future ef the Pacific mackerel stock and fishery are uncertain. RP JACOBSON, LD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400004 ER PT J AU DIZON, AE LEDUC, CA LEDUC, RG AF DIZON, AE LEDUC, CA LEDUC, RG TI INTRASPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHERN RIGHT WHALE DOLPHIN (LISSODELPHIS-BOREALIS) - THE POWER OF AN ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR VARIATION FOR DIFFERENTIATING GENETIC STOCKS SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Genetics of the Fauna of the California Current - CalCOFI Conference CY NOV 02, 1993 CL LAKE ARROWHEAD, CA AB The northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis) has experienced very high levels of fishery-induced mortality in international high-seas, large-scale driftnet fisheries, from about 38 degrees N to 46 degrees N, and 171 degrees E to 151 degrees W. Assessing the impact of these mortalities is difficult, however, because of the possible existence of a coastal population off California and the Pacific Northwest that is separate from offshore populations. To obtain quantitative measures of reproductive isolation between putative populations, a portion of the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome was sequenced in 65 geographically dispersed individuals, then analyzed in a nested ANOVA format. No evidence of geographically concordant population structuring was apparent. In addition, a Mantel test, examining pairwise correspondence between geographic and genetic distances among samples, failed to detect any evidence of isolation by distance. Because negative data such as these are often used in management decisions, a power analysis was conducted to determine the probability that a survey of comparable size would yield statistically significant results under a hypothetical but likely level of divergence between ''bona fide'' stocks. The analysis yielded an estimate of the rate of making a type II or beta error of about 10%. RP DIZON, AE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400008 ER PT J AU MOSER, HG CHARTER, RL SMITH, PE LO, NCH AMBROSE, DA MEYER, CA SANDKNOP, EM WATSON, W AF MOSER, HG CHARTER, RL SMITH, PE LO, NCH AMBROSE, DA MEYER, CA SANDKNOP, EM WATSON, W TI EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF SABLEFISH, ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA, OFF WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA, WITH APPLICATION TO BIOMASS ESTIMATION SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB In January-February 1987 we conducted a cruise over the central California continental slope to sample the eggs and larvae of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Sablefish eggs were taken in 35% of the bongo and MOCNESS nets towed through the entire water column. Discrete depth rows showed that eggs were distributed between 200 and 800 m and were most concentrated between 240 and 480 m. On surveys off Oregon in February-April 1989 (slope region) and in January 1990 (slope region and offshore to ca. 170 n. mi.) we employed oblique bongo tows to sample the entire water column to a maximum depth of 1500 m. The inshore limit of eggs was at about 500 m bottom depth, and they were found seaward to about 150 n. mi. Eggs at the most seaward positive stations were four or five days old, suggesting that they were produced by an offshore segment of the sablefish population and did not represent eggs advected from the continental slope. Estimation of sablefish biomass by the egg production method is possible since we now have a quantitative method for sampling the pelagic eggs and simultaneously recording temperature throughout the tow. For the method to be successfully employed in the northeast Pacific, the sampling pattern would have to extend at least 200 n. mi. offshore, and the survey vessel would have to be capable of operating in the heavy seas encountered during the sablefish spawning season (January-March). RP MOSER, HG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 144 EP 159 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400017 ER PT J AU MACEWICZ, BJ HUNTER, JR AF MACEWICZ, BJ HUNTER, JR TI FECUNDITY OF SABLEFISH, ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA, FROM OREGON COASTAL WATERS SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB During November-December 1988 and February-March 1989, sablefish females were collected off Oregon's coast. Potential annual fecundity for a 2.5 kg sablefish female (without ovary) was about 276,000 oocytes, or 110 oocytes per gram of weight. The annual stock of oocytes is spawned in three or four batches. The ovaries of sablefish used to estimate potential annual fecundity showed no histological evidence of past spawning. The maturity window for estimating annual fecundity of sablefish was determined to be when the average diameters of advanced-yolked oocytes between 0.74 mm and 1.17 mm. Atretic losses of advanced-yolked oocytes were detected, but they seemed to have little effect on potential annual fecundity of the population. Fifty percent of the females off Oregon's coast (November-December 1988) were sexually mature when they reached 548 mm in fork length. RP MACEWICZ, BJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 160 EP 174 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400018 ER PT J AU NORTON, JG CROOKE, SJ AF NORTON, JG CROOKE, SJ TI OCCASIONAL AVAILABILITY OF DOLPHIN, CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS, TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMERCIAL PASSENGER FISHING VESSEL ANGLERS - OBSERVATIONS AND HYPOTHESES SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Records from California-based commercial passenger fishing vessels (CPFV) show that dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus, catch off southern California was more than 8% of the total southern and Baja California CPFV catch in 1983, 1984, 1990, 1992, and 1993. The major portion of the catch is made off northern Baja California, Record catches for southern and Baja California were recorded in 1990 and 1992. Dolphin enter California waters under conditions that include elevated ocean temperatures and increased onshore and poleward coastal ocean transport. Large-scale environmental events, which apparently increase dolphin abundance off southern California, appear related to regional decrease in eastern Pacific high-pressure systems. When the high-pressure system is less intense, there is less southward wind along the coast. Consequently, California Current southward transport and coastal upwelling decrease, and the inshore countercurrent brings anomalously warm water into the Southern California Eight. Local kelp mat cover and local ocean processes are also likely to be important in aggregating dolphin and making them available to CPFV anglers. RP NORTON, JG (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,PACIFIC FISHERIES ENVIRONM GRP,POB 831,MONTEREY,CA 93942, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 230 EP 239 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400021 ER PT J AU LYONS, MLG SMITH, PE MOSER, HG AF LYONS, MLG SMITH, PE MOSER, HG TI COMPARISON OF CROSS-SHELF TRENDS IN ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER AMPLITUDE AND ZOOPLANKTON DISPLACEMENT VOLUME IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Simultaneous insonification and net sampling of the plankton in a discrete volume of water is the preferred field method for calibrating acoustic devices. The problem with this technique for the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is that the volume insonified is too large for any plankton net. This causes error because of small-scale patchiness. The ADCP may be calibrated over large spatial scales by comparing the cross-shelf gradient in zooplankton volume to the cross-shelf gradient in the ADCP amplitude. We accomplished this by comparing ADCP amplitude data from transects off southern California in spring and summer during 1991 with zooplankton volumes from oblique net tows taken in the same seasons and area during 1991. The cross-shelf trends are similar, showing that measuring zooplankton with ADCP is possible. Although the ADCP may not be accurate for estimating the integrated zooplankton volume, it does describe the vertical distribution of the zooplankton and the scale and intensity of mesoscale patchiness as well as the amount of zooplankton, furnishing information not available from integrated net tows. RP LYONS, MLG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400022 ER PT J AU LO, NCH AF LO, NCH TI LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AND POWER OF 2 COMMONLY USED PROCEDURES FOR COMPARING MEAN-VALUES BASED ON CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Confidence intervals (CIs) are frequently used to compare true means of two populations in the following ways: (A) If two 95% CIs are overlapping, then it can be concluded that the two population means are the same. (B) When only one CI is available, it can be concluded that two means are equal if one sample mean is within the 95% CI of the other mean. But the level of significance (a) of these two procedures does not always equal the intended 5%. The statistical power of these two procedures is unknown. This paper recommends another statistical procedure: (C), which is based on the CI of the difference (d) of two population means: CI(d). In this simulation study, the actual level of significance and the statistical power of these three procedures are computed for equal sample sizes. Statistical distributions considered are normal, Poisson, gamma, and lognormal. The simulation results indicate that the or value is 0.005 averaged over three continuous distributions (for Poisson, it is 0.06) for procedure A; 0.17 for procedure B; and 0.05 for CI(d). Thus, when the true means are indeed different, B is the most powerful procedure, and A is the least powerful procedure. RP LO, NCH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 BP 246 EP 253 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QB854 UT WOS:A1994QB85400023 ER PT J AU NALEPA, TF AF NALEPA, TF TI DECLINE OF NATIVE UNIONID BIVALVES IN LAKE ST CLAIR AFTER INFESTATION BY THE ZEBRA MUSSEL, DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; MOLLUSK; ERIE; DISPERSAL; BIOMASS; TISSUE; CARBON AB To determine impacts of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on bivalves in Lake St. Clair, densities of Unionidae in 1990 and 1992 (after D. polymorpha invasion) were compared with densities in 1986 (before D. polymorpha). Declines in density occurred mainly at sites in the southeastern portion of the lake where unionids were highly infested with D. polymorpha. Unionid densities at highly infested sites declined from 2.4/m(2) in 1986, to 1.8/m(2) in 1990, and to O/m(2) in 1992. Unionid species with light-weight shells that brood larvae over an extended period declined more between 1986 and 1990 than heavy-shelled, short-term brooders. Unionid densities at lightly infested sites located mainly in the northwestern portion of the lake did not decline: mean densities were 1.4/m(2) in 1986, 1.6/m(2) in 1990, and 1.4/m(2) in 1992. While the mean number of D. polymorpha per unionid was <1 at these lightly infested sites in 1990, it increased to 35 by 1999. Given this relatively slow increase in D. polymorpha per unionid in this portion of the lake, continued monitoring of populations should provide a better understanding of the relationship between the extent of infestations and unionid mortality. RP NALEPA, TF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 39 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2227 EP 2233 DI 10.1139/f94-225 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QK026 UT WOS:A1994QK02600010 ER PT J AU SCHLOESSER, DW NALEPA, TF AF SCHLOESSER, DW NALEPA, TF TI DRAMATIC DECLINE OF UNIONID BIVALVES IN OFFSHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE ERIE AFTER INFESTATION BY THE ZEBRA MUSSEL, DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NATIVE BIVALVES; GREAT-LAKES; MOLLUSK AB Unionid bivalves and attached epizoic zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were collected at one index station in 1989, 1990, and 1991 and at 17 stations in 1991 in offshore waters of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Sampling at the index station revealed that the proportion of live unionids declined from 53% in September 1989 to 17% in May-lune 1990 and to 0% in September 1990: this 100% mortality coincided with heavy infestation by zebra mussels. Quantitative sampling with a Ponar grab at the 17 stations in 1991 revealed a widespread and dramatic reduction in unionid populations. In 1982, five unionid species occurred at 35% of the stations at a density of 4/m(2), whereas in 1991, no live unionid species were found. Qualitative sampling with an epibenthic sled at the 17 stations in 1991 yielded only 4 live specimens of 2 species (Amblema plicata plicata and Fusconaia flava) and 187 dead specimens of 10 species. These and other results indicate that unionid populations are being negatively affected by zebra mussels in the Great Lakes. Similar impacts on unionids are expected to occur where zebra mussels become abundant throughout North America. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP SCHLOESSER, DW (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURVEY,GREAT LAKES CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 34 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 5 U2 30 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2234 EP 2242 DI 10.1139/f94-226 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QK026 UT WOS:A1994QK02600011 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, AR AF ROBERTSON, AR TI SPECTRALLY SMOOTH REFLECTANCES THAT MATCH SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Note RP ROBERTSON, AR (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 225,ROOM A323,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 19 IS 5 BP 395 EP 396 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA PK255 UT WOS:A1994PK25500013 ER PT J AU CHOI, MY HAMINS, A MULHOLLAND, GW KASHIWAGI, T AF CHOI, MY HAMINS, A MULHOLLAND, GW KASHIWAGI, T TI SIMULTANEOUS OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF SOOT VOLUME FRACTION AND TEMPERATURE IN PREMIXED FLAMES SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEXES AB The performance of a three-wavelength optical probe technique for measuring soot volume fraction and temperature was assessed by conducting experiments in the homogeneous environment of a premixed flame. Using a premixed ethylene/air flame, the temperatures and soot volume fractions (f(va), based on absorption measurements at 633 nm and f(ve), based on emission measurements at 900 nm and 1000 nm) were compared with previously reported results. Although the temperatures and mean soot volume fractions compared favorably, the discrepancy between f(va) and f(ve) prompted new measurements to evaluate the importance of source wavelength on the f(va) measurements, scattering by soot particles, light absorption by ''large'' molecules and the use of different indices of refraction reported in the literature. The experiments on the degree of soot scattering and light absorption by ''large'' molecules indicated that these effects cannot reconcile the observed discrepancy in the soot volume fractions. The measured soot volume fractions were, however, sensitive to the absorption constant and therefore varied significantly when different sets of refractive indices were used. Furthermore, the agreement between f(va) and f(ve) was improved when extinction measurements were performed with longer wavelength light sources. Isokinetic soot sampling experiments were also performed to compare with the optically-measured soot volume fractions. This technique does not rely on the refractive indices of soot and therefore provides an independent measure of the soot volume fraction. The soot volume fractions measured using this technique compared favorably with the optically measured values (calculated using various indices of refraction). C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 1994 VL 99 IS 1 BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90088-4 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PH996 UT WOS:A1994PH99600011 ER PT J AU HUBER, ML AF HUBER, ML TI STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF VAPOR-PRESSURE CORRELATIONS USING SIMULATED ANNEALING AND THRESHOLD ACCEPTING - APPLICATION TO R134A SO COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; ALGORITHM AB This paper reports the use of two methods, simulated annealing (SA) and threshold accepting (TA), to determine a set of optimal terms (the structure) of the vapor pressure correlation for the R134a. The SA algorithm with the Lundy and Mees annealing schedule, and the TA algorithm with the Aarts and VanLaarhoven schedule gave the best performance, based on minimal computational time for a given performance. SA and TA appear to be versatile, powerful and computationally simple methods for determining the structure of empirical correlations of thermophysical property data. RP HUBER, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83802 325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-1354 J9 COMPUT CHEM ENG JI Comput. Chem. Eng. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 10 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1016/0098-1354(94)E0031-H PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA PE850 UT WOS:A1994PE85000005 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, LD LO, NCH BARNES, JT AF JACOBSON, LD LO, NCH BARNES, JT TI A BIOMASS-BASED ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR NORTHERN ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS-MORDAX SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY-RATES; ABUNDANCE; STOCK; CATCH; TRENDS; GROWTH; TIME; EGG AB We developed a relatively simple and parsimonious (SMPAR) biomass dynamics model for estimating abundance of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, off southern California and Baja California, Mexico, during the 1963 to 1991 fishing seasons. The SMPAR model was a compromise between simple surplus production and complex age-structured models. It was designed to give more precise biomass estimates for management of northern anchovy for which there are no age-composition data and only noisy abundance index data. We evaluated consistent bias in biomass and recruitment estimates, bias in recruitment estimates due to log transformation, and retrospective bias. Simple corrections based on bootstrap procedures were used to remove consistent bias and log transformation bias. Retrospective bias was not a significant problem. Results indicate that the SMPAR model estimates stock biomass more reliably than recruitment because abundance indices for northern anchovy contain little information about interannual recruitment variability. Asymptotic variance estimates calculated by inverting the Hessian matrix averaged 20% smaller than variances calculated by bootstrapping. Outliers in abundance data were the biggest source of uncertainty in biomass estimates. Simulation results indicate that our approach could be useful in a variety of situations. C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,LONG BEACH,CA 90802. RP JACOBSON, LD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 711 EP 724 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700005 ER PT J AU KENDALL, AW MATARESE, AC AF KENDALL, AW MATARESE, AC TI STATUS OF EARLY-LIFE HISTORY DESCRIPTIONS OF MARINE TELEOSTS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SCORPAENIFORMES; ATLANTIC; PISCES; LARVAE; SERRANIDAE; PHYLOGENY; LATIFRONS; PACIFIC AB Use of early life history stages of fish in systematic and ecological studies has increased in recent years. It is now recognized that eggs and larvae present a wide array of characters suitable for systematic analysis that are largely independent of adult characters. Fisheries recruitment studies focus on survival of eggs and larvae as the most important factor influencing variations in population abundance. A requisite to these studies is detailed, information on the appearance of fish eggs and larvae in order to identify them in plankton samples, This paper reviews the proportions of fish species for which at least illustrations of eggs and larvae, sufficient to permit their identification in plankton samples, have been published worldwide and by geographic region. Factors which may influence differences in proportion of identifiable eggs and larvae by region are discussed. Factors considered important include species diversity, a history of important commercial fisheries, research emphasis, and interests of individual scientists in various regions. We conclude that although eggs and larvae of most species can now be identified in some regions of the world, there are still gaps in our knowledge that prevent realizing the full potential of ichthyoplankton studies in systematic and fisheries research. Filling these gaps will require continued traditional morphological research as well as application of biochemical genetic and rearing techniques. RP KENDALL, AW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 725 EP 736 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700006 ER PT J AU MCCABE, GT TRACY, CA AF MCCABE, GT TRACY, CA TI SPAWNING AND EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF WHITE STURGEON, ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS, IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Spawning and early life history of white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, were studied in the lower Columbia River downstream from Bonneville Dam from 1988 through 1991. From white sturgeon egg collections, we determined that successful spawning occurred in all four years and that the estimated spawning period each year ranged from 38 to 48 days. The spawning period extended from late April or early May through late June or early July of each year. Spawning occurred primarily in the fast-flowing section of the river downstream from Bonneville Dam, at water temperatures ranging from 10 to 19 degrees C. Freshly fertilized white sturgeon eggs were collected at turbidities ranging from 2.2 to 11.5 nephelometric turbidity units (ntu), near-bottom velocities ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 m/s, mean water column velocities ranging from 1.0 to 2.8 m/s, and depths ranging from 3 to 23 m. Bottom substrate in the river section where freshly fertilized eggs were most abundant was primarily cobble and boulder. White sturgeon larvae were collected from river kilometer (rkm) 45 to rkm 232, suggesting wide dispersal after hatching. Larvae were collected as far downstream as the upper end of the Columbia River estuary, which is a freshwater environment. Young-of-the-year (YOY) white sturgeon were first captured in late June, less than two months after spawning was estimated to have begun. Growth was rapid during the first summer; YOY white sturgeon reached a minimum mean total length of 176 mm and a minimum mean weight of 30 g by the end of September. Young-of-the-year white sturgeon were more abundant in deeper water (mean minimum depth greater than or equal to 12.5 m) of the lower Columbia River. The results indicate that a large area of the lower Columbia River is used by white sturgeon at different life history stages. C1 WASHINGTON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,COLUMBIA RIVER FISHERIES LAB,BATTLE GROUND,WA 98604,AUSTRALIA. RP MCCABE, GT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 13 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 760 EP 772 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700009 ER PT J AU MULLIN, KD HOGGARD, W RODEN, CL LOHOEFENER, RR ROGERS, CM TAGGART, B AF MULLIN, KD HOGGARD, W RODEN, CL LOHOEFENER, RR ROGERS, CM TAGGART, B TI CETACEANS ON THE UPPER CONTINENTAL-SLOPE IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL GULF-OF-MEXICO SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WHALE; HABITATS; STENELLA; DOLPHINS; RECORDS; SHELF AB Little is known about cetaceans in the oceanic Gulf of Mexico (depths >200 m). From July 1989 to June 1990, we conducted aerial surveys in the oceanic north-central Gulf (long. 87.5 degrees W-90.5 degrees W) with the following objectives: 1) to determine which cetacean species were present; 2) to document temporal and spatial distribution for each species; and 3) to estimate relative abundance for each species. We surveyed a total of 20,593 transect km and sighted at least 18 species. Of 278 identified herds (6,084 animals), 94% of the herds and 98% of the animals represented seven species or species groups: Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus (22% of the herds, 13% of the animals); sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (16%, 1%); bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus 14%, 7%); Atlantic spotted dolphin, stenella frontalis (13%, 15%); pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps, and dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus (12%, 1%); striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, spinner dolphin, S. longirostris, and clymene dolphin, S. clymene (9%, 34%); and pantropical spotted dolphin, S. attenuata (8%, 27%). Each of these species or species groups was sighted throughout the area surveyed in at least three seasons. Mean water depths of bottlenose dolphin and Atlantic spotted dolphin sightings were less than 400 m; mean water depths of Risso's dolphins and pygmy and dwarf sperm whales were between 400-600 m; and mean water depths of striped, spinner, and clymene dolphins, sperm whales, and pantropical spotted dolphins were greater than 700 m. Mean herd sizes varied by species and species groups and ranged from 1.9 animals for pygmy and dwarf sperm whales to 87.8 animals for striped, spinner, and clymene dolphins. C1 NOAA,CTR AIRCRAFT OPERAT,MACDILL AFB,FL 33608. RP MULLIN, KD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB DRAWER 1207,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568, USA. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 773 EP 786 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700010 ER PT J AU PARKER, RO CHESTER, AJ NELSON, RS AF PARKER, RO CHESTER, AJ NELSON, RS TI A VIDEO TRANSECT METHOD FOR ESTIMATING REEF FISH ABUNDANCE, COMPOSITION, AND HABITAT UTILIZATION AT GRAYS REEF NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY, GEORGIA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Reef fish communities at Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia, differed over five different habitat types. Numbers of species and overall densities were highest on ledge habitat, intermediate on live-bottom (three categories of low relief [<15 cm] rock outcroppings covered by algae and macrofauna), and lowest over sand. On average, abundance over ledges exceeded that over sand bottoms by a factor of 50. Generally, community composition at sites over ledges and dense live-bottom areas was similar and distinct from sites found over sparse live-bottom and sand. Many species were found in more than one habitat and few individual species could be considered indicators of a single habitat type. A nondestructive, repeatable procedure of randomly dispersed video transects was devised for assessing diurnally active fishes. RP PARKER, RO (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 787 EP 799 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700011 ER PT J AU SHIMADA, AM KIMURA, DK AF SHIMADA, AM KIMURA, DK TI SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF PACIFIC COD, GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS, IN THE EASTERN BERING SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS BASED ON TAG-RECAPTURE DATA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SABLEFISH AB Approximately 12,396 Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, were tagged and released from fishery research vessels in the eastern Bering Sea and adjacent waters between 1982 and 1990. Recapture data from 373 tags recovered through the first quarter of 1992 revealed a strong seasonal component in fish movement between summer and winter areas. Prespawning fish were tagged throughout their summer distribution, primarily over the inner and middle shelf (<30-100 m depths), and recaptured on the outer shelf (>100-200 m) and upper continental slope (>200 m) in subsequent quarters. Recoveries from the winter quarter (January-March) showed the most directed movement, when Pacific cod aggregated in major spawning areas between Unalaska and Unimak islands in the eastern Aleutian Islands, seaward of the Pribilof Islands along the shelf edge in the eastern Bering Sea, and near the Shumagin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. By early summer, a hypothesized postspawning dispersal was observed from these overwintering areas, when tagged Pacific cod moved from deep off-shelf waters to shallower depths on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The importance of seasonal migration was examined statistically by contingency table analysis, which indicated that season of recovery affected area of recovery more than either the season or area of tagging. Seasonal movements were further quantified by modeling the population dynamics of tagged individuals, which allowed estimation of the seasonal distribution in the eastern Bering Sea population. These estimated seasonal distributions compare well with the seasonal distribution of catches from the commercial fisheries. This analysis of tag-recapture data suggests a single winter spawning population in the eastern Bering Sea, nearby waters of the Aleutian Islands, and western Gulf of Alaska waters between longitude 157 degrees W and 170 degrees.W C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 800 EP 816 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700012 ER PT J AU WILSON, CD SEKI, MP AF WILSON, CD SEKI, MP TI BIOLOGY AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SQUALUS-MITSUKURII FROM A SEAMOUNT IN THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS; SPINY DOGFISH; ACANTHIAS; AGE; INTERFACE; SPURDOG; COAST; FOOD AB Little information exists on the biology of the demersal shark, Squalus mitsukurii. Recently, large numbers of this species were taken incidentally during research surveys conducted at Southeast Hancock Seamount in the central North Pacific Ocean. The information collected during 1985 to 1988 from these surveys is used to describe the life history, depth distribution, and biology of S. mitsukurii. Bathymetric distributional patterns of female and male S. mitsukurii differed slightly, although bottom longline catches revealed a depth distribution extending from the summit (260 m) to 740 m for both sexes. Males generally were found deeper than females. In addition, the size of males generally increased with depth whereas no apparent trend was observed for females. Reproductive parameters for both sexes are presented. Males tended to reach maturity at smaller sizes than did females. Gravid females had broods of up to six uterine embryos. Length of young close to parturition was 21-26 cm. Tentative estimates of age and growth were made from dorsal spine increment counts. Maximum ages were 27 years for females and 18 years for males. Females exhibited more rapid growth than males after about age 9. The diet of S. mitsukurii included both benthic and mesopelagic prey. Fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans were the major components of the diet. Comparison of the biological characteristics suggest that this species is probably typical of other slow-growing, low fecund members of the genus Squalus. The 50% decline in catch rates observed during this study suggests that the number of S. mitsukurii on the seamount declined dramatically, possibly as a result of overfishing. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP WILSON, CD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 851 EP 864 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700015 ER PT J AU GIORGI, AE MILLER, DR SANDFORD, BP AF GIORGI, AE MILLER, DR SANDFORD, BP TI MIGRATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE OCEAN-TYPE CHINOOK SALMON - ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA, IN JOHN-DAY RESERVOIR ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SMALLMOUTH BASS; WALLEYES C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. RP GIORGI, AE (reprint author), DON CHAPMAN CONSULTANTS INC,7981 168TH AVE NE,REDMOND,WA 98052,AUSTRALIA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 872 EP 879 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PL097 UT WOS:A1994PL09700017 ER PT J AU MORIYAMA, S SWANSON, P NISHII, M TAKAHASHI, A KAWAUCHI, H DICKHOFF, WW PLISETSKAYA, EM AF MORIYAMA, S SWANSON, P NISHII, M TAKAHASHI, A KAWAUCHI, H DICKHOFF, WW PLISETSKAYA, EM TI DEVELOPMENT OF A HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR COHO SALMON INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEINS; IGF-I; PLASMA-LEVELS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MESSENGER-RNA; SOMATOMEDIN; SERUM; HORMONE AB A specific homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma of salmonid and a few non-salmonid fish species was developed using recombinant coho salmon IGF-I (rsIGF-I) as tracer and standard, and antiserum against this peptide raised in rabbits. The minimum detection level of IGF-I was 1.5 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in a range from 1.5 to 23 ng/ml. No cross-reaction was detected in the salmon IGF-I RIA with mammalian growth factors, salmon pituitary hormones. salmon or mammalian insulin, or any peptide in rat plasma. Although salmon IGF-I has high sequence similarity to mammalian IGF-I, it did not cross-react with anti-human IGF-I serum in human RIA and serial dilutions of plasma from salmon were not parallel to the human IGF-I standards in this assay system. In contrast, dilution curves for plasma of salmonids, such as coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic (Salmo salar), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon, rainbow trout (O. mykiss), some other teleost fish, such as tilapia (Oreochromis mossabica), carp (Cyprus carpio), eel (Anguilla rostrata), Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), and agnathan, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), assessed in salmon IGF-I RIA were parallel to the rsIGF-I standards. Acid-ethanol extraction of plasma samples altered the molecular weight, but not the quantity, of immunoreactive IGF-I, implying that IGF-I binding proteins in salmon plasma do not affect the performance of the salmon IGF-I RIA. Gel filtration of nonacidified plasma on a Sephadex G-75 superfine column produced two immunoreactive IGF-I peaks of molecular weights of approximately >70 k and 7 kDa, whereas acidification of plasma increased the relative amount of the 7-kDa peak (IGF-I) and the >70-kDa peak disappeared. The recoveries of rsIGF-I added to extracted or nonextracted plasma were 97.4 and 94.9%, respectively. Inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation were 3.6 and 3.3%, respectively. Plasma IGF-I levels in coho salmon smelts were 117.4 +/- 19.1 ng/ml as compared to IGF-I levels in parr (45.3 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) or in adult fish (45.2 +/- 5.4 ng/ml) measured in the same assay. Injection of salmon growth hormone, but not prolactin or somatolactin, caused a significant and dose-dependent elevation of plasma IGF-I levels, while either fasting or injection of streptozotocin led to a significant decline in systemic IGF-I. We conclude that the salmon IGF-I RIA reported in this study is valid for measurement of IGF-I levels in salmonids and, likely, in a variety of other fish species. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. KITASATO UNIV,SCH FISHERIES SCI,MOLEC ENDOCRINOL LAB,SANRIKU,IWATE 02201,JAPAN. RP MORIYAMA, S (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 57 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1006/gcen.1994.1167 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PM478 UT WOS:A1994PM47800016 PM 7843563 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, D DRURY, R SMITH, WH AF ABBOTT, D DRURY, R SMITH, WH TI FLAT TO STEEP TRANSITION IN SUBDUCTION STYLE SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASEISMIC RIDGES; TECTOSPHERE; ORIGIN; MANTLE; PLATE AB We use a thermal history of the mantle to calculate the evolution of oceanic crustal thickness over Earth history and use residual depth anomalies from the present-day Pacific to find the crustal thickness range (9.2-11.6 km) where the subduction style changes from mainly flat to mainly steep. We find that steep subduction was well developed by 2.5 Ga, which coincides with a major change in sedimentary rare-earth element patterns. Over 50% of all oceanic crust subducted steeply by 2.0-1.6 Ga, the same interval over which the average thickness of continental plates declined rapidly. Because producing thick plates requires many episodes of flat subduction, our model can explain why there are no known thick plates < 1.6 Ga. C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP ABBOTT, D (reprint author), LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Abbott, Dallas/0000-0003-4713-6098 NR 27 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 22 IS 10 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0937:FTSTIS>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA PJ581 UT WOS:A1994PJ58100018 ER PT J AU LONG, CS STOWE, LL AF LONG, CS STOWE, LL TI USING THE NOAA AVHRR TO STUDY STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESSES FOLLOWING THE MT-PINATUBO ERUPTION SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AVHRR DATA AB NOAA has been archiving weekly and monthly gridded analyses of ''radiatively equivalent'' aerosol optical thickness over oceans on magnetic tape since June 29, 1989. These analyses are derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-11 polar orbiting environmental satellite. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991 and the ensuing dispersal of aerosol particles in the stratosphere occurred after two complete years of observations with essentially ''background'' particle concentrations in the stratosphere. This fortunate timing means that computing the difference between the average of the first two years of tropospheric aerosols and the ''Post-Pinatubo'' period of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols provides a means of observing the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol cloud. Time series of zonal averages of these difference fields are presented and analyzed. These analyses indicate that by the end of 1993, the stratospheric aerosol optical thickness declined from its peak value in late Summer of 1991 to levels that are no longer detectable with AVHRR data. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ORA,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP LONG, CS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC53,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 20 BP 2215 EP 2218 DI 10.1029/94GL01322 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PK063 UT WOS:A1994PK06300009 ER PT J AU ALLNUTT, RM PRATT, T STUTZMAN, WL SNIDER, JB AF ALLNUTT, RM PRATT, T STUTZMAN, WL SNIDER, JB TI USE OF RADIOMETERS IN ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-MICROWAVES ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS; OLYMPUS SATELLITE; RADIOMETERS AB Measurements from radiometers operating at 20 and 30 GHz were used to predict attenuation along the 14 degrees elevation angle from Blacksburg, Virginia, toward the Olympus satellite. Both NOAA Dicke switched radiometers and Virginia Tech total power radiometers collected data in Blacksburg for two months. The radiometrically predicted attenuation for the total power radiometers agreed well with that of the Dicke switched radiometers, indicating that the total power radiometer approach can be used for accurate attenuation prediction. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ALLNUTT, RM (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BRADLEY DEPT ELECT ENGN,SATELLITE COMMUN GRP,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 1350-2417 J9 IEE P-MICROW ANTEN P JI IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 141 IS 5 BP 428 EP 432 DI 10.1049/ip-map:19941400 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA PN985 UT WOS:A1994PN98500016 ER PT J AU VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZINK, LR GALVAO, GP EVENSON, KM AF VASCONCELLOS, ECC ZINK, LR GALVAO, GP EVENSON, KM TI NEW N2H4 FAR-INFRARED LASER LINES AND FREQUENCIES SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB Measurements have been made for 32 far infrared laser frequencies of optically pumped hydrazine, 30 of which are new. The wavelengths range from 95 to 528 mum. A pair of frequency-stabilized CO2 lasers were used as standards for the heterodyne frequency measurements. One of the lines can be used as a local oscillator for astronomical searches for N-14+, and other lines can be used to study transitions in metastable Ca. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP VASCONCELLOS, ECC (reprint author), UNICAMP,INST FIS,DEPT ELETRON QUANT,BR-13083970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2401 EP 2406 DI 10.1109/3.328613 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA PM813 UT WOS:A1994PM81300027 ER PT J AU VANBRUNT, RJ AF VANBRUNT, RJ TI PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE AND CORONA - RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article ID GLOW TRANSITION MECHANISM; TRICHEL-PULSE CORONA; NEGATIVE CORONA; STOCHASTIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; DIELECTRIC-BARRIER; SF6 DECOMPOSITION; GAS-MIXTURES; BREAKDOWN; OXYGEN AB Results of recent research on physical and chemical processes in partial discharge (PD) phenomena are reviewed. The terminology used to specify different types or modes of PD are discussed in light of a general theory of electrical discharges. The limitations and assumptions inherent to present theoretical models are examined. The influence of memory propagation effects in controlling the stochastic behavior of PD is shown. Examples of experimental results are presented that demonstrate the nonstationary characteristics of PD which can be related to permanent or quasi-permanent discharge-induced modifications (aging) of the site where the PD occur. Recommendations for future research are proposed. RP VANBRUNT, RJ (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,BLDG 220,B344,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 93 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 1 IS 5 BP 761 EP 784 DI 10.1109/94.326651 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA PM836 UT WOS:A1994PM83600001 ER PT J AU BAKERJARVIS, J JANEZIC, MD DOMICH, PD GEYER, RG AF BAKERJARVIS, J JANEZIC, MD DOMICH, PD GEYER, RG TI ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN-ENDED COAXIAL PROBE WITH LIFT-OFF FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID LINE; REFLECTION AB The open-ended coaxial probe with lift-off is studied using a full-wave analysis, and an uncertainty analysis is presented. The field equations for the following terminations are worked gut: (1) the sample extends to oo in the positive axial direction, (2) the sample is backed by a well-characterized material, and (3) the sample is backed by a short-circuit termination. The equations are valid for both dielectric and magnetic materials. The model allows the study of the open-ended coaxial probe as a nondestructive testing tool. The analysis allows a study of the effects of air gaps on probe measurements. The reflection coefficient and phase are studied as a function of lift-off, coaxial line size, permittivity, permeability, and frequency. Numerical results indicate the probe is very sensitive to lift-off, For medium to high permittivity values and electrically small probes, gaps on the order df fractions of a millimeter strongly influence the reflection coefficient. In order for the field to penetrate through the air gap, larger size coaxial line or higher frequencies need to he used. A comparison of the theory to experiment is presented. The results are in close agreement. A differential uncertainty analysis is also included. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BAKERJARVIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 5 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1109/19.328897 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA PL939 UT WOS:A1994PL93900005 ER PT J AU PAULTER, NG AF PAULTER, NG TI A CAUSAL REGULARIZING DECONVOLUTION FILTER FOR OPTIMAL WAVE-FORM RECONSTRUCTION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID ITERATIVE IMAGE-RESTORATION; LINEARLY DEGRADED IMAGES; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHM AB A causal regularizing filter is described for selecting an optimal reconstruction of a signal from a deconvolution of its measured data and the measurement instrument's impulse response. Measurement noise and uncertainties in the instrument's response can cause the deconvolution (or inverse problem) to be ill-posed, thereby precluding accurate signal restoration. Nevertheless, close approximations to the signal may be obtained by using reconstruction techniques that alter the problem so that it becomes numerically solvable. A regularizing reconstruction technique is implemented that automatically selects the optimal reconstruction via an adjustable parameter and a specific stopping criterion, which is also described. Waveforms reconstructed using this filter do not exhibit large oscillations near transients as observed in other regularized reconstructions. Furthermore, convergence to the optimal solution is rapid. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 5 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.1109/19.328893 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA PL939 UT WOS:A1994PL93900009 ER PT J AU KRUPKA, J GEYER, RG KUHN, M HINKEN, JH AF KRUPKA, J GEYER, RG KUHN, M HINKEN, JH TI DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-CRYSTALS OF AL2O3, LAALO3, NDGAO3, SRTIO3, AND MGO AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB A dielectric resonator technique has been used for measurements of the permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of single-crystal dielectric substrates in the temperature range 20-300 K at microwave frequencies. Application of superconducting films made it possible to determine dielectric loss tangents of about 5 x 10(-7) at 20 K. Two permittivity tenser components for uniaxially anisotropic samples were measured. Generally, single-crystal samples made of the same material by different manufacturers or by different processes have significantly different losses, although they have essentially the same permittivities. The permittivity of one crystalline ferroelectric substrate, SrTiO3, strongly depends on temperature. This temperature dependence can affect the performance of ferroelectric thin-film microwave devices, such as electronically tunable phase shifters, mixers, delay lines and filters. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303. FORSCHUNGSGESELL INFORMAT TECH MBH,D-31158 BAD SALZDETFURTH,GERMANY. RP KRUPKA, J (reprint author), INST MIKROELEKTRON & OPTOELEKTRON POLITECH WARSZA,KOSZYKOWA 75,PL-00662 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 10 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1886 EP 1890 DI 10.1109/22.320769 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PL265 UT WOS:A1994PL26500007 ER PT J AU TALUKDAR, RK MELLOUKI, A GIERCZAK, T BARONE, S CHIANG, SY RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TALUKDAR, RK MELLOUKI, A GIERCZAK, T BARONE, S CHIANG, SY RAVISHANKARA, AR TI KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF OH WITH ALKANES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; PRESSURE AB The rate coefficients for the reactions of OH With ethane (k(1)), propane (K-2), n-butane (K-3), iso-butane (k(4)), and n-pentane (k(5)) have been measured over the temperature range 212-380 K using the pulsed photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PP-LIF) technique. The 298 K values are (2.43 +/- 0.20) x 10(-13), (1.11 +/- 0.08) X 10(-12), (2.46 +/- 0.15) X 10(-12), (2.06 +/- 0.14) X 10(-12), and (4.10 +/- 0.26) X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for k(1), k(2), k(3), K-4, and k(5), respectively. The temperature dependence of k(1) and k(2) can be expressed in the Arrhenius form: K-1 = (1.03 +/- 0.07) x 10(-11) exp[-1110 +/- 40)/T] and k(2) = (1.01 +/- 0.08) X 10(-11) exp[-(660 +/- 50)/T]. The Arrhenius plots for k(3) - k(5) were clearly curved and they were fit to three parameter expressions: k(3) = (2.04 +/- 0.05) X 10(-17) T-2 exp[(85 +/- 10)/T]; k(4) = (9.32 +/- 0.26) X 10(-18) T-2 exp[(275 +/- 20)/T]; and k(5) = (3.13 +/- 0.25) x 10(-17) T-2 exp[(115 +/- 30)/T]. The units of all rate constants are cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic errors. The present measurements are in excellent agreement with previous studies and the best values for atmospheric calculations are recommended. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 10 BP 973 EP 990 DI 10.1002/kin.550261003 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PG749 UT WOS:A1994PG74900002 ER PT J AU MEGARIDIS, CM HODGES, JT XIN, J DAY, JM PRESSER, C AF MEGARIDIS, CM HODGES, JT XIN, J DAY, JM PRESSER, C TI INTERNAL DROPLET CIRCULATION INDUCED BY SURFACE-DRIVEN ROTATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE DROPLET; CIRCULATION; ROTATION ID INTERMEDIATE REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABLE PROPERTIES; TERMINAL VELOCITY; FUEL DROPLET; COMBUSTION; VAPORIZATION; MOTION; LIQUID; SPRAYS AB This paper presents a combined theoretical/experimental study of internal liquid circulation induced by droplet surface rotation. A numerical model is presented first, examining the fluid transport within a spherical liquid volume whose surface is subjected to rotation about a central axis. The model predicts that the steady-state motion established from spatially nonuniform surface rotation has a helical character and bears little resemblance to the toroidal internal flows developed within droplets under axisymmetric conditions. Similar internal flow patterns are predicted for temporally varying surface rotation occurring during droplet spin-up or spin-down. Planar laser-induced fluorescence is employed to provide high-resolution Images of fluid flow developed within millimeter-sized suspended droplets that are exposed to steady laminar air streams to induce repeatable surface rotation. The predicted spiral flow patterns are corroborated by the pendant droplet visualization experiments, and suggest that nonuniform rotation or transient spinning may significantly alter internal droplet dynamics. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MEGARIDIS, CM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH ENGN MC251,842 W TAYLOR ST,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA. RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; OI Megaridis, Constantine/0000-0002-6339-6933 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD OCT PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.1016/0142-727X(94)90050-7 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA PL954 UT WOS:A1994PL95400003 ER PT J AU JEMIAN, PR ALLEN, AJ AF JEMIAN, PR ALLEN, AJ TI THE EFFECT OF THE SHAPE FUNCTION ON SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING ANALYSIS BY THE MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INDIRECT TRANSFORMATION METHOD; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; STEELS; SANS AB Analysis of small-angle scattering data to obtain a particle-size distribution is dependent upon the shape function used to model the scattering. From a maximum-entropy analysis of small-angle scattering data, the effect of shape-function selection on the obtained size distribution is demonstrated using three different shape functions to describe the same scattering data from each of two alloys. The alloys have been revealed by electron microscopy to contain a distribution of randomly oriented and mainly noninteracting irregular ellipsoidal precipitates. A comparison is made between the different forms of the shape function. The effect of an incident-wavelength distribution is also shown. The importance of testing appropriate shape functions and validating these against other microstructural studies is discussed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 27 BP 693 EP 702 DI 10.1107/S0021889894000373 PN 5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA PP424 UT WOS:A1994PP42400003 ER PT J AU EDER, BK DAVIS, JM BLOOMFIELD, P AF EDER, BK DAVIS, JM BLOOMFIELD, P TI AN AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION SCHEME DESIGNED TO BETTER ELUCIDATE THE DEPENDENCE OF OZONE ON METEOROLOGY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE OZONE; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; RURAL-AREAS; AIR-QUALITY; SCALE; LOCATIONS; MOUNTAIN AB This paper utilizes a two-stage (average linkage then convergent k means) clustering approach as part of an automated meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate the dependence of ozone on meteorology. When applied to 10 years (1981-90) of meteorological data for Birmingham, Alabama, the classification scheme identified seven statistically distinct meteorological regimes, the majority of which exhibited significantly different daily 1-h maximum ozone concentration distributions. Results from this two-stage clustering approach were then used to develop seven ''refined'' stepwise regression models designed to 1) identify the optimum set of independent meteorological parameters influencing the O-3 concentrations within each meteorological cluster, and 2) weigh each independent parameter according to its unique influence within that cluster. Large differences were noted in the number, order, and selection of independent variables found to significantly contribute (alpha = 0.10) to the variability of O-3. When this unique dependence was taken into consideration through the development and subsequent amalgamation of the seven individual regression models, a better parameterization of O-3's dependence on meteorology was achieved. This ''composite'' model exhibited a significantly larger R(2) (0.59) and a smaller rmse (12.80 ppb) when compared to results achieved from an ''overall'' model(R(2) = 0.53, rmse = 13.85) in which the meteorological data were not clustered. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 52 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1199 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1182:AACSDT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ691 UT WOS:A1994PJ69100005 ER PT J AU STOWE, L HUCEK, R ARDANUY, P JOYCE, R AF STOWE, L HUCEK, R ARDANUY, P JOYCE, R TI EVALUATING THE DESIGN OF AN EARTH RADIATION BUDGET INSTRUMENT WITH SYSTEM SIMULATIONS .2. MINIMIZATION OF INSTANTANEOUS SAMPLING ERRORS FOR CERES-I SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Much of the new record of broadband earth radiation budget satellite measurements to be obtained during the late 1990s and early twenty-first century will come from the dual-radiometer Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System Instrument (CERES-I) flown aboard sun-synchronous polar orbiters. Simulation studies conducted in this work for an early afternoon satellite orbit indicate that spatial rms sampling errors of instantaneous CERES-I shortwave flux estimates will range from about 8.5 to 14.0 W m(-2) on a 2.5 degrees latitude and longitude grid resolution. Root-mean-square errors in longwave flux estimates are only about 20% as large and range from 1.5 to 3.5 W m(-2). These results are based on an optimal cross-track scanner design that includes 50% footprint overlap to eliminate gaps in the top-of-the-atmosphere coverage, and a ''smallest'' footprint size to increase the ratio in the number of observations lying within to the number of observations lying on grid area boundaries. Total instantaneous measurement error depends additionally on the variability of anisotropic reflectance and emission patterns and on the retrieval methods used to generate target area fluxes. Three retrieval procedures are investigated, all relying on a maximum-likelihood estimation technique for scene identification. Observations from both CERES-I scanners (cross-track and rotating azimuth plane) are used. One method is the baseline Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) procedure, which assumes that errors due to the use of mean angular dependence models (ADMs) in the radiance-to-flux inversion process nearly cancel when averaged over grid areas. In a second (estimation of N) method, instantaneous ADMs are estimated from the multiangular, collocated observations of the two scanners. These observed models replace the mean models in the computation of the satellite flux estimates. In the third (scene flux) approach, separate target-area retrievals are conducted for each ERBE scene category and their results are combined using area weighting by scene type. The ERBE retrieval performs best when the simulated radiance field departs from the ERBE mean models by less than 10%. For larger perturbations, both the scene flux and collocation methods produce less error than the ERBE retrieval. The scene flux technique is preferable, however, because it involves fewer restrictive assumptions. RP STOWE, L (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ASB,E RALL LS,WORLD WEATHER BLDG 711,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1183 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1169:ETDOAE>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ298 UT WOS:A1994PJ29800001 ER PT J AU WOOD, VT AF WOOD, VT TI A TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING A TROPICAL CYCLONE CENTER USING A DOPPLER RADAR SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A ground-based Doppler radar technique is developed for detecting a tropical cyclone center position. Accurate determination of the cyclone center position, based on Doppler velocity measurements, will become essential for the issuance of hurricane advisories, forecasts, and warnings once a network of WSR-88D Doppler radars is deployed on the United States coastlines, islands, and military bases during the 1990s. This will allow high-resolution detection and tracking of hurricanes nearing land for the first time. Simulated Doppler velocity data, which were reconstructed from wind field data collected by reconnaissance aircraft during Hurricanes Alicia (1983) and Gloria (1985), were used to test the concept of using ground-based Doppler radar data to estimate cyclone center location. The center range and azimuth estimates of a hurricane signature were calculated from the simulated coastal Doppler radar velocity data. Preliminary results indicate that the technique performed well for estimating center locations from the radar measurements compared with storm center positions determined from in situ aircraft measurements. RP WOOD, VT (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1216 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1207:ATFDAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ298 UT WOS:A1994PJ29800003 ER PT J AU BOSS, EF GONZALEZ, FI AF BOSS, EF GONZALEZ, FI TI SIGNAL AMPLITUDE UNCERTAINTY OF A DIGIQUARTZ PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DUE TO STATIC CALIBRATION ERROR SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Standard calibrations of Digiquartz pressure transducers are performed over a very wide range of pressure and temperature, typically 14-10 000 psia and 1 degrees-125 degrees C. Compared to this large calibration domain, deep ocean bottom pressure recorders encounter relatively small changes of pressure and temperature during a typical deployment, that is, changes of only a few pounds per square inch and a few tenths of a degree Celsius. In principle, more detailed calibrations in the expected operating range of each instrument could improve accuracy. In practice, recalibration can be expensive and time consuming and, depending on the temporal stability of the calibration constants, may not be necessary if the accuracy of the original standard calibration is sufficient. The accuracy of the original calibration as it applies to ocean bottom pressure changes induced by tides, tsunamis, and other geophysical processes is examined. For typical ambient conditions of 0 degrees C and depth 4000 m, absolute uncertainty has been computed to be approximately 40 cm. The uncertainty in a signal varying about a mean deployment pressure (amplitude uncertainty) is 0.02% of the signal amplitude. Though the absolute uncertainty is large in relation to geophysical signals of interest, the amplitude uncertainty, which is the figure of merit for tidal and tsunami observations, is small compared to these signals and compared to the inherent resolution of the pressure measurement system. RP BOSS, EF (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,DIV OCEAN ENVIRONM RES,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1387 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1381:SAUOAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ298 UT WOS:A1994PJ29800016 ER PT J AU WEBER, LA SILVA, AM AF WEBER, LA SILVA, AM TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE VAPOR-PRESSURES OF DIFLUOROMETHANE, 1-CHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE, AND PENTAFLUOROETHANE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID EBULLIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT; R123 AB We present new measurements of the vapor pressures of difluoromethane (R32) from 235 to 265 K, of 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124) from 220 to 286 K, and of pentafluoroethane (R125) from 218 to 286 K. Measurements were made in two ebulliometers, one of glass and one of metal. Overall, pressures ranged from 13 to about 950 kPa. We also present vapor pressures of R125, calculated via thermodynamic relationships, for temperatures down to 170 K (2.3 kPa). We study the azeotropic mixture of R125 with chloropentafluoroethane (R115), and we correct our data for a small R115 impurity. RP WEBER, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD OCT PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 808 EP 812 DI 10.1021/je00016a038 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA PL997 UT WOS:A1994PL99700038 ER PT J AU MASLEN, PE PAPANIKOLAS, JM FAEDER, J PARSON, R ONEIL, SV AF MASLEN, PE PAPANIKOLAS, JM FAEDER, J PARSON, R ONEIL, SV TI SOLVATION OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED I-2(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID I2-(CO2)N CLUSTER IONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ULTRAFAST PHOTODISSOCIATION; ETHANOL; WATER; I2; COLLISIONS AB The interaction potentials between the six lowest electronic states of I-2(-) and an arbitrary discrete charge distribution are calculated approximately using a one-electron model. The model potentials are much easier to calculate than ab initio potentials, with the cost of a single energy point scaling linearly with the number of solvent molecules, enabling relatively large systems to be studied. Application of the model to simulation of electronically excited It in liquids and CO2 dusters is discussed. In a preliminary application, solvent effects are approximated by a uniform electric field. If electronically excited ((IIg,1/2)-I-2) I-2(-) undergoes dissociation in the presence of a strong electric field, the negative charge localizes so as to minimize the total potential energy. However, in a weak field the negative charge localizes in the opposite direction, maximizing the, potential energy. Based on a study of the field-dependent potential surfaces, a solvent-transfer mechanism is proposed for the electronic relaxation of (IIg,1/2I2-)-I-2, in contrast to the conventional view of relaxation via electron transfer. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP MASLEN, PE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 7 BP 5731 EP 5755 DI 10.1063/1.467359 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PH987 UT WOS:A1994PH98700032 ER PT J AU PLUSQUELLIC, DF VOTAVA, O NESBITT, DJ AF PLUSQUELLIC, DF VOTAVA, O NESBITT, DJ TI PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS IN QUANTUM STATE-SELECTED CLUSTERS - A TEST OF THE ONE-ATOM CAGE EFFECT IN AR-H2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; H2O; ROTATION; COMPLEXES; VIBRATION; ARH2O; BOND; HOD AB High resolution IR overtone pumping with an injection seeded optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is used in conjunction with excimer laser photolysis to investigate the state-resolved dynamics of quantum state-selected van der Waals clusters in a slit supersonic expansion. The narrow band IR light source (160 MHz, 5 mJ) preselects a specific upper state via the internal rotor band of Ar-H2O which correlates to the \03](-)<--\00](+),0(00)<--1(01) transition in H2O monomer. At fixed UV photolysis and probe wavelength, scanning the high resolution OPO yields the \03](-)<--\00](+),Sigma(0(00))<--Sigma(1(01)) overtone action spectrum of Ar-H2O complexes. Conversely, at fixed IR pump wavelength, the state distribution of the OH photoproduct from photolysis of quantum state selected Ar-H2O clusters can be probed by laser induced fluorescence on the A (2) Sigma(+)<--X(2)II(0,0) band. The OH distributions from H2O monomer vs Ar-H2O photolysis from the same internal rotor state are remarkably similar, though significant anomalies are observed for specific K rotational levels. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP PLUSQUELLIC, DF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 7 BP 6356 EP 6358 DI 10.1063/1.468389 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PH987 UT WOS:A1994PH98700096 ER PT J AU TOMASZKIEWICZ, I SUSMAN, S VOLIN, KJ OHARE, PAG AF TOMASZKIEWICZ, I SUSMAN, S VOLIN, KJ OHARE, PAG TI FLUORINE-COMBUSTION CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATIONS OF THE STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY CHANGES FOR THE FORMATION OF SISE2(CR), SISE1.94(CR), AND SISE1.94(VIT), AND FOR THE TRANSITION - SISE1.94(VIT)=SISE1.94(CR) AT THE TEMPERATURE T=298.15-5 - IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS FOR THE ENTHALPIES OF DISSOCIATION D(M)DEGREES(SE-SISE) AND D(M)DEGREES(SISE) - THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SISE(G) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-GENERATED MODELS; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; SIXSE1-X GLASSES; SILICON DISELENIDE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RANGE ORDER; SELENIUM; CRYSTALLINE; A-SISE2 AB Fluorine-bomb calorimetry was used to determine the standard massic energies of combustion DELTA(c)u degrees of the silicon selenides SiSe2(cr), SiSe1.94(cr), and SiSe1.94(vit), according to the combustion reaction: SiSe(v)(s)+(2+3v)F2(g) = SiF4(g)+vSeF6(g). The following additional results were derived for the standard molar energy of combustion DELTA(c) U(m)degrees; the standard molar enthalpy of combustion DELTA(c)H(m)degrees; and the standard molar enthalpy of formation DELTA(f)H(m)degrees, all at the temperature T = 298.15 K and for the standard pressure p degrees = 101.325 kPa: SiSe2(cr) SiSe1.94(vit) SiSe1.94(cr) DELTA(c)u degrees/(J.g-1) -19682+/-16 -19873+/-13 -19837+/-22 DELTA(c)U(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -3661.05+/-2.98 -3602.38+/-2.36 -3595.85+/-4.35 DELTA(c)H(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -3673.4+/-3.0 -3614.5+/-2.4 -3608.0+/-4.3 DELTA(f)H(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -178.4+/-3.1 -170.2+/-2.4 -176.7+/-4.5 Standard thermodynamic properties of the gas SiSe(g) were calculated by means of the conventional formulae of statistical mechanics. On the basis of the thermochemical quantities given above, the standard molar enthalpy of the transition: SiSe1.94(vit) = SiSe1.94(cr) is DELTA(trs) H(m)degrees = -(6.5 +/- 2.2) kJ.mol-1 at T = 298.15 K. (All uncertainties in this abstract correspond to twice the standard deviation of the mean.) Implications of the thermochemical quantities for the enthalpies of dissociation D(m)degrees(SiSe) and D(m)degrees (Se-SiSe) are discussed, and the latter are compared with D(m)degrees(SiX) and D(m)degrees(X-SiX), where X denotes O, S, or Te. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW 42,POLAND. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1093 DI 10.1006/jcht.1994.1126 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA PK537 UT WOS:A1994PK53700007 ER PT J AU BARNSTON, AG AF BARNSTON, AG TI LINEAR STATISTICAL SHORT-TERM CLIMATE PREDICTIVE SKILL IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT FIELD; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; AIR TEMPERATURES; FORECAST SKILL; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION AB In this study, the sources and strengths of statistical short-term climate predictability for local surface climate (temperature and precipitation) and 700-mb geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere are explored at all times of the year at lead times of up to one year. Canonical correlation analysis is the linear statistical methodology employed. Predictor and predictand averaging periods of 1 and 3 months are used, with four consecutive predictor periods, followed by a lead time and then a single predictand period. Predictor fields are quasi-global sea surface temperature (SST), Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height, and prior values of the predictand field itself. Cross-validation is used to obtain, to first order, uninflated skill estimates. Results reveal mainly modest statistical predictive skill except for certain fields, locations, and times of the year when predictability is far above chance expectation and good enough to be beneficial to appropriate users. The time of year when skills are generally highest is January through April. Global SST is the most skill-producing predictor field, perhaps because 1) the lower boundary condition is a more consistent influence on climate on timescales of 1 to 3 months than the atmosphere's internal dynamics, or 2) SST is the only field in this study that provides tropical information directly. Prediction is generally more skillful on the 3-month than 1-month timescale. The skill of the forecasts is often insensitive to the forecast lead time; that is, inserting 3, or sometimes 6 or more, months between the predictor and predictand periods causes little skill decrease from that of 1 month or less. This has favorable implications for long-lead forecasting. Much of the higher skill occurs in association with fluctuations of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is found in midwinter through midspring in specific pockets of the Pacific and North American regions. Predictive skill for precipitation is also found in the same context but is lower than that for 700-mb height or temperature. Warm season predictability, slightly lower than that of winter-spring and not clearly documented in earlier work, is related to episodes of like-signed SST anomalies in the tropical oceans throughout the world in the preceding months. There is an interdecadal component in the variability of these global SST conditions. Generalized positive (negative) 700-mb and surface temperature anomalies in middle to late summer (but fall in southern Europe), generally at subtropical latitudes throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere (but with some midlatitude continental protrusions), occur following episodes of uniformly positive (negative) SST anomalies in the tropical oceans throughout the world in the preceding winter through late spring. The occurrence of a mature warm (cold) ENSO extreme the previous winter may contribute to such a worldwide SST condition in the intervening spring season. In the United States, the effect is a general (monopole) anomalous warmth (coolness) from mid-July through August across much of the country. RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,W NMC51 WWB ROOM 604,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 100 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1513 EP 1564 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1513:LSSTCP>2.0.CO;2 PG 52 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN511 UT WOS:A1994PN51100006 ER PT J AU CHELLIAH, M AF CHELLIAH, M TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER-1992 - WEAK WARM ENSO EPISODE CONDITIONS LINGER IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article RP CHELLIAH, M (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC52,CLIMATE ANAL CTR,ROOM 605,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1565 EP 1580 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1565:TGCFSN>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN511 UT WOS:A1994PN51100007 ER PT J AU BELL, GD BASIST, AN AF BELL, GD BASIST, AN TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF DECEMBER-1992 FEBRUARY-1993 .1. WARM ENSO CONDITIONS CONTINUE IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC - CALIFORNIA DROUGHT ABATES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WINTER TEMPERATURES; EL-NINO; PATTERNS; GREENLAND; SEESAW; EUROPE RP BELL, GD (reprint author), NOAA,NMC,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,ROOM 605,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1581 EP 1605 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1581:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN511 UT WOS:A1994PN51100008 ER PT J AU GUTZLER, DS KILADIS, GN MEEHL, GA WEICKMANN, KM WHEELER, M AF GUTZLER, DS KILADIS, GN MEEHL, GA WEICKMANN, KM WHEELER, M TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF DECEMBER-1992 FEBRUARY-1993 .2. LARGE-SCALE VARIABILITY ACROSS THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC DURING TOGA COARE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION C1 UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO USA. NOAA, CLIMATE DIAGNOST CTR, BOULDER, CO USA. RP GUTZLER, DS (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R E AL3, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011 OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1606 EP 1622 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1606:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN511 UT WOS:A1994PN51100009 ER PT J AU KAMIDE, Y RICHMOND, AD EMERY, BA HUTCHINS, CF AHN, BH DELABEAUJARDIERE, O FOSTER, JC HEELIS, RA KROEHL, HW RICH, FJ SLAVIN, JA AF KAMIDE, Y RICHMOND, AD EMERY, BA HUTCHINS, CF AHN, BH DELABEAUJARDIERE, O FOSTER, JC HEELIS, RA KROEHL, HW RICH, FJ SLAVIN, JA TI GROUND-BASED STUDIES OF IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTORM EXPANSION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; MAPPING ELECTRODYNAMIC FEATURES; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MILLSTONE HILL; SOLAR-WIND; LOCALIZED OBSERVATIONS; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; PLASMA CONVECTION AB The instantaneous patterns of electric fields and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere are deduced by combining satellite and radar measurements of the ionospheric drift velocity, along with ground-based magnetometer observations for October 25, 1981. For this purpose, an updated version of the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique has been used. These global patterns are unobtainable from any single data set. The period under study was characterized by a relatively stable southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), so that the obtained electric field patterns do reflect, in general, the state of sustained and enhanced plasma convection in the magnetosphere. During one of the satellite passes, however, an intense westward electrojet caused by a substorm into the satellite (DE 2) and radar (Chatanika, Alaska) field of view in the premidnight sector, providing a unique opportunity to differentiate the enhanced convection and substorm expansion fields. The distributions of the calculated electric potential for the expansion and maximum phases of the substorm show the first clear evidence of the coexistence of two physically different systems in the global convection pattern. The changes in the convection pattern during the substorm indicate that the large-scale potential distributions are indeed of general two-cell patterns representing the southward IMF status, but the night-morning cell has two positive peaks, one in the midnight sector and the other in the late morning hours, corresponding to the substorm expansion and the convection enhancement, respectively. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307. KYUNGPOOK NATL UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,TAEGU 702701,SOUTH KOREA. STANFORD RES INST INT,RADIO PHYS LAB,MENLO PK,CA 94025. MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01866. UNIV TEXAS,CTR SPACE SCI,RICHARDSON,TX 75080. NOAA,NAT GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. USAF,GEOPHYS LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP KAMIDE, Y (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA 442,JAPAN. RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 40 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 99 IS A10 BP 19451 EP 19466 DI 10.1029/94JA01625 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK515 UT WOS:A1994PK51500029 ER PT J AU COFFEY, MW AF COFFEY, MW TI ON A DEFORMABLE SUPERCONDUCTOR MODEL FOR THE VORTEX VISCOELASTIC DRAG COEFFICIENT SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL MASS; FLUXON AB A deformable superconductor model for a velocity-dependent vortex visco-elastic drag coefficient is discussed. New, integral identities for energy dissipation are derived, avoiding previously employed approximations. This approach provides a suitable basis for further extension and improvement of the deformable superconductor model. RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1007/BF00752984 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PL198 UT WOS:A1994PL19800008 ER PT J AU CAI, HD KALCEFF, MAS HOOKS, BM LAWN, BR CHYUNG, K AF CAI, HD KALCEFF, MAS HOOKS, BM LAWN, BR CHYUNG, K TI CYCLIC FATIGUE OF A MICA-CONTAINING GLASS-CERAMIC AT HERTZIAN CONTACTS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOUGHNESS CURVES; 2-PHASE CERAMICS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; FRACTURE; COMPRESSION; FAILURE; MODEL AB Fatigue damage in a mica-containing glass-ceramic is examined using Hertzian contact tests. For the material in its base glass state, such tests indicate that fatigue occurs solely by chemically enhanced cone crack extension. In the glass-ceramic, fatigue is evident as an expansion of a macroscopic subsurface microfracture zone. Comparative observations of the subsurface damage in static and cyclic loading, and tests in different environments, indicate that the fatigue in the glass-ceramic is mechanical in origin, although it is enhanced by moisture. This result is reinforced by load-point-displacement data, which reveal significant hysteresis in the glass-ceramic but not in the base glass. Flexure tests on Hertz-indented glass-ceramic specimens show only a slight loss of strength, <5%, over 10(5) cycles. This contrasts with the base glass which, although of higher laboratory strength, is subject to abrupt and severe strength degradation from cone crack pop-in. High magnification examination of the subsurface damage in the glass-ceramic suggests the underlying cause of the mechanical fatigue mechanism to be attrition of frictional tractions at closed microcrack interfaces. C1 CORNING INC, CORNING, NY 14830 USA. RP CAI, HD (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2654 EP 2661 DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.2654 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA PJ107 UT WOS:A1994PJ10700026 ER PT J AU COVERDALE, RT CHRISTENSEN, BJ MASON, TO JENNINGS, HM GARBOCZI, EJ AF COVERDALE, RT CHRISTENSEN, BJ MASON, TO JENNINGS, HM GARBOCZI, EJ TI INTERPRETATION OF THE IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF CEMENT PASTE VIA COMPUTER MODELING .2. DIELECTRIC RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SILICA FUME; TRANSITION; COMPOSITE; CONSTANT; SYSTEMS AB Dielectric properties of cement pastes are measured using impedance spectroscopy, and the effective dielectric constants of the low frequency bulk arcs are reported. The unusually high values thereby obtained, and their dependence on reaction time and water:cement ratio, are explained by the presence of microstructural features that serve to amplify the dielectric constants of the individual material phases. The dielectric properties of three-dimensional cement paste models and of simple two-dimensional models of the hypothesized microstructural features are analysed. The model results provide insight into the proposed dielectric amplification mechanism in real cement paste. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NIST,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP COVERDALE, RT (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 29 IS 19 BP 4984 EP 4992 DI 10.1007/BF01151088 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA PL024 UT WOS:A1994PL02400007 ER PT J AU CAHN, JW KALONJI, G AF CAHN, JW KALONJI, G TI SYMMETRIES OF GRAIN-BOUNDARY TRIJUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Scale Imperfections in Materials - R W Balluffi Fest, at the Fall 1993 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC DE INTERFACES; THIN FILMS; EPITAXIAL GROWTH; DEFECTS; MICROSTRUCTURE ID 001 TWIST BOUNDARIES; DISCLINATIONS; GOLD AB Some general properties of trijunctions are examined by considering the case of highly symmetric cubic microstructures in which there are only three grain orientations, rotated 30 degrees about a common (001) from each other. We find in this example that there are two families of trijunctions along the common (001). In one family there are two structures with 2-dimensional projected point symmetry 3m, one with point symmetry 3, two with point symmetry m and one with point symmetry 1. In the other family, there are two with m and one with 1. In addition, when the trijunction is not along the common (001), two kinds of trijunctions with symmetry m and a trijunction with symmetry 1 can occur. Many of these symmetries have been found by Dahmen and co-workers. In microstructures with trijunctions along the common (001), adjacent trijunctions must belong to different families. This places severe restrictions on microstructure topology and on grain growth, and is expected to be of particular significance for problems in epitaxy. Application of the principles of symmetry dictated extrema suggest that the family of less symmetric trijunctions will often deviate from the common (001), and further reveals that the usual conditions for dihedral angles are not sufficient for full equilibrium. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CAHN, JW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(94)90121-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA PV616 UT WOS:A1994PV61600016 ER PT J AU THOMSON, R AF THOMSON, R TI THE LATTICE STABILITY OF INTERFACIAL CRACKS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Scale Imperfections in Materials - R W Balluffi Fest, at the Fall 1993 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC DE FRACTURE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AB The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical stability of a crack on an interface in a 2D hexagonal lattice. The force laws are chosen to highlight both low trapping and moderate trapping situations. The results are that the continuum crack extension law is centered within the stability region, but that the stability region is limited in the shear direction by lattice breakdown in shear at the crack tip and consequent dislocation emission. Dislocation formation is found to be an easy process for moderate sized cracks due to the mode mixing at the crack tips. RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(94)90134-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA PV616 UT WOS:A1994PV61600029 ER PT J AU HUANG, Q SOUBEYROUX, JL CHMAISSEM, O NATALISORA, I SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF AF HUANG, Q SOUBEYROUX, JL CHMAISSEM, O NATALISORA, I SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF TI NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF SR2RUO4 AND SR2IRO4 AT ROOM-TEMPERATURE AND AT 10-K SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY AB The crystal structures of the compounds Sr2RuO4 and Sr2IrO4 have been analyzed at room temperature and at 10 K with the neutron powder diffraction technique and the Rietveld method of profile fitting. Sr2RuO4 Crystallizes with the symmetry of space group I4/mmm and room temperature lattice parameters a = 3.8730(3) and c = 12.7323(9) angstrom, while Sr2IrO4 has the symmetry of space group I4(1)/acd and lattice parameters a = 5.4994(l) and c = 25.7841(8) angstrom. The unit cells of the two compounds are related to one another by the transformation matrix (1, - 1, 0/ 1, 1, 0/0, 0, 2). The main difference between the two structures is that the MO6 octahedra (M = Ru, Ir) have a regular, undistorted configuration in the ruthenium compound, while they are tilted by about 11-degrees around the c axis of the unit cell in the iridium compound. The oxygen atoms of the IrO2 layers were found to be disordered over two sets of positions x, x, 1/4 with x = 1/4 +/- delta. This means that the IrO6 octahedra assume two configurations and on a local level their relative orientation does not obey the symmetry requirements of space group I4(1)/acd in all cases. The MO6 octahedra are elongated along the c axis, and this distortion is more pronounced in Sr2RuO4 than in Sr2IrO4. The coordination of the strontium atoms is ninefold in both compounds. Because of the tilting of the IrO6 octahedra, however, the coordination polyhedra are different in the two cases. No phase transitions have been observed down to 10 K in either compound. (C) 1994 Academic Press, inc. C1 AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP HUANG, Q (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Natali Sora, Isabella/C-8357-2011 NR 17 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 69 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 112 IS 2 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1006/jssc.1994.1316 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PK737 UT WOS:A1994PK73700024 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, JE CAHN, JW AF TAYLOR, JE CAHN, JW TI LINKING ANISOTROPIC SHARP AND DIFFUSE SURFACE MOTION LAWS VIA GRADIENT FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GRADIENT FLOWS; INNER PRODUCTS; MORPHOLOGY; MOTION BY CURVATURE; MOTION BY LAPLACIAN OF CURVATURE; PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; SURFACE DIFFUSION; WEIGHTED MEAN CURVATURE; CAHN-HILLIARD EQUATION; ALLEN-CAHN EQUATION; SHARP INTERFACES; DIFFUSE INTERFACES; ANISOTROPY; PHASE FIELD ID PHASE AB We compare four surface motion laws for sharp surfaces with their diffuse interface counterparts by means of gradient flows on corresponding energy functionals. The energy functionals can be defined to give the same dependence on normal direction for the energy of sharp plane surfaces as for their diffuse counterparts. The anisotropy of the kinetics can be incorporated into the inner product without affecting the energy functional. C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TAYLOR, JE (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 20 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1007/BF02186838 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA PP722 UT WOS:A1994PP72200011 ER PT J AU SHANG, EC WANG, YY GEORGES, TM AF SHANG, EC WANG, YY GEORGES, TM TI DISPERSION AND REPOPULATION OF HEARD-ASCENSION MODES SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; GROUP-VELOCITY AB The propagation of acoustic modes over the 9140-km underwater path to Ascension during the Heard Island Feasibility Experiment is simulated. Using a modal decomposition of the parabolic-equation field, we find that mode coupling at the circumpolar. front has significant impact on modal dispersion and modal repopulation, which complicates the pulse-arrival sequence. Modal dispersion and modal repopulation are calculated at eleven frequencies from 52 to 62 Hz, and the effects on pulse spreading are shown. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SHANG, EC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2371 EP 2379 DI 10.1121/1.410109 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA PL708 UT WOS:A1994PL70800043 ER PT J AU PALMER, DR GEORGES, TM WILSON, JJ WEINER, LD PAISLEY, JA MATHIESEN, R PLESHEK, RR MABE, RR AF PALMER, DR GEORGES, TM WILSON, JJ WEINER, LD PAISLEY, JA MATHIESEN, R PLESHEK, RR MABE, RR TI RECEPTION AT ASCENSION OF THE HEARD ISLAND FEASIBILITY TEST TRANSMISSIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB At Ascension, about 9200 km from the source ship, all transmissions from the Heard Island Feasibility Test were recorded on at least eight hydrophones and, for many transmissions, on 11 hydrophones. The depths of most of these hydrophones are near the depth of the sound channel axis but some are considerably deeper. All are bottom mounted. Signal-to-noise ratios were found to be surprisingly high. Averaged over the continuous wave (cw) transmissions and in a l-Hz band, signal-to-noise ratios for the axial hydrophones south of the island range from about 19 to 30 decibels (dB), adjusted to a source level of 220 dB (referenced to 1 mu Pa at 1 m). The average signal-to-noise ratio for a hydrophone at a depth approximately 0.8 km below the axis is about 16 dB, suggesting acoustic energy was not restricted to a narrow interval in depth centered about the sound channel axis as had been anticipated. The travel time of the earliest arrival was found to be about 1 h, 44 min, 17 s. A late, scattered signal was observed for at least 23 min after termination of the direct signal. An unexpected combination of phase stability and amplitude variability was observed in the received signals. Continuing analysis of the Ascension data set is likely to provide considerable information about the characteristics of acoustic signals that have propagated global distances. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. COMP SCI RAYTHEON CO,PATRICK AFB,FL 32925. RP PALMER, DR (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2432 EP 2440 DI 10.1121/1.411317 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA PL708 UT WOS:A1994PL70800050 ER PT J AU GEORGES, TM BODEN, LR PALMER, DR AF GEORGES, TM BODEN, LR PALMER, DR TI FEATURES OF THE HEARD ISLAND SIGNALS RECEIVED AT ASCENSION SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; TIME AB The Heard Island transmissions were received 9140 km away at Ascension Island by an irregular array of bottom-mounted hydrophones. The single-hydrophone signal-to-noise ratio sometimes exceeded 30 dB in a 1-Hz band, confirming the detectability of 57-Hz underwater sound at global distances. The arrival-time pattern consists of a single broad pulse about 10 s long, whose fine structure decorrelates in about 12 min, in sharp contrast with the stable, discrete sequences observed over shorter, midlatitude paths. The amplitude fluctuations of both the fine arrival structure and the unmodulated receptions are uncorrelated between hydrophones as little as 3.4 km apart. Phase varies less than one cycle during a 1-h transmission after correcting for source motion, and the rms phase difference between hydrophones is about 3 rad averaged over the array. Phasor diagrams suggest that the effects of both source motion and ocean dynamics vary over the array. The probability density functions of the real and imaginary parts of a downshifted cw transmission are nearly Gaussian. C1 UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RP NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2441 EP 2447 DI 10.1121/1.410116 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA PL708 UT WOS:A1994PL70800051 ER PT J AU BOWLES, AE SMULTEA, M WURSIG, B DEMASTER, DP PALKA, D AF BOWLES, AE SMULTEA, M WURSIG, B DEMASTER, DP PALKA, D TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF MARINE MAMMALS EXPOSED TO TRANSMISSIONS FROM THE HEARD ISLAND FEASIBILITY TEST SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BOWHEAD WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA AB The Heard Island Feasibility Test source transmitted a hum at 209-220 dB re: 1 mu Pa at 175-m depth, centered on 57 Hz with a maximum bandwidth of 30 Hz for 1 h of every 3. Experienced marine mammal observers conducted line-transect surveys and monitored marine mammal behavior visually and acoustically in a 70 X 70 km square centered on the transmission site. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 19 of pinnipeds were sighted from both vessels before the start of transmissions. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 23 of pinnipeds were sighted during transmissions. Blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales were sighted during the base line period; blue, sperm, and possibly sei (B. borealis) whales were sighted during the transmission period. More schools of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) were sighted during transmissions, but fewer groups of pilot whales (Globicephala melas), southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons), and minke whales (B. acutorostrata). The density of all cetaceans was 0.0157 groups/km(2) before the transmissions and 0.0166 groups/km(2) during. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and southern,elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were seen, but not in sufficient numbers to estimate abundance. One blue whale tracked before, during and after a transmission changed respiration and reorientation rates, but did not avoid the source detectably. Sperm whales and pilot whales were heard in 23% of 1181 min of baseline acoustic surveys; but in none of 1939 min during the transmission period. Both species were heard within 48 h after the end of the test. C1 MARINE MAMMAL RES PROGRAM,GALVESTON,TX 77553. SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP BOWLES, AE (reprint author), HUBBS SEA WORLD RES INST,1700 S SHORES RD,SAN DIEGO,CA 92109, USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2469 EP 2484 DI 10.1121/1.410120 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA PL708 UT WOS:A1994PL70800055 PM 7963037 ER PT J AU PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR AF PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR TI TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF A SILICON-CARBIDE WITH AN IN-SITU INDUCED HETEROGENEOUS GRAIN-STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; CRACK-RESISTANCE; 2-PHASE CERAMICS; ALUMINA; MODEL; SIZE; DAMAGE AB Toughness characteristics of a heterogeneous silicon carbide with a coarsened and elongated grain structure and an intergranular second phase are evaluated relative to a homogeneous, fine-grain control using indentation-strength data. The heterogeneous material exhibits a distinctive flaw tolerance, indicative of a pronounced toughness curve. Quantative evaluation of the data reveals an enhanced toughness in the long-crack region, with the implication of degraded toughness in the short-crack region. The enhanced long-crack toughness is identified with crack-interface bridging. The degraded short-crack toughness is attributed to weakened grain or interface boundaries and to internal residual stresses from thermal expansion mismatch. A profound manifestitation of the toughness-curve behavior is a transition in the nature of mechanical damage in Hertzian contacts, from classical single-crack cone fracture in the homogeneous control to distributed subsurface damage in the heterogeneous material. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 39 TC 212 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 2518 EP 2522 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04637.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA PM483 UT WOS:A1994PM48300004 ER PT J AU WHITE, GS RAYNES, AS VAUDIN, MD FREIMAN, SW AF WHITE, GS RAYNES, AS VAUDIN, MD FREIMAN, SW TI FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR OF CYCLICALLY LOADED PZT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS AB The fracture behavior of PZT specimens driven at their resonant frequency by the application of an ac voltage was investigated and compared with fracture behavior of monotonically loaded PZT. Microcracking was observed in the cyclically loaded specimens; above 150-degrees-C, the microcracks were dispersed in small clusters, while at T less-than-or-equal-to 86-degrees-C, microcracks were generated in a densely populated region near the failure site (indentation). Macrocrack growth also demonstrated a temperature dependence, with crack growth occurring at T > 150-degrees-C but not at T less-than-or-equal-to 86-degrees-C. RP WHITE, GS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889, USA. NR 12 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 2603 EP 2608 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04649.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA PM483 UT WOS:A1994PM48300016 ER PT J AU SKAMSER, DJ BENTZ, DP COVERDALE, RT SPOTZ, MS MARTYS, N JENNINGS, H JOHNSON, DL AF SKAMSER, DJ BENTZ, DP COVERDALE, RT SPOTZ, MS MARTYS, N JENNINGS, H JOHNSON, DL TI CALCULATION OF THE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AND GAS-PERMEABILITY IN A UNIAXIAL BUNDLE OF FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; KNUDSEN DIFFUSIVITIES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; FABRICATION; DISPERSIONS; CYLINDERS; BOUNDS AB A model of the local microstructure of a bundle of fibers is simulated and used as the basis for calculations of transport properties. This, in turn, can be used in a macroscopic model of the chemical vapor infiltration process. An expanding/overlapping circle representation of the microstructure simulates the deposition of matrix in a uniaxial bundle of fibers. An iterative heat conduction algorithm is used to calculate the transverse thermal conductivity based on the thermal conductivities of the solid and gas phases. The permeability of gas through the microstructure is calculated for flow both parallel and transverse to overlapping cylinders using a Stokes equation and assuming a Darcy's law behavior. Both the simulations of the microstructure and associated calculations of the transport properties compare favorably with experimental data. Darcy's law for the behavior of gas in a bundle of fibers is shown to be valid for gas pressures of 5-13 kPa. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MASTER BUILDERS TECHNOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44122. ILLINOIS SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,EVANSTON,IL 60201. RP SKAMSER, DJ (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 2669 EP 2680 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04660.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA PM483 UT WOS:A1994PM48300027 ER PT J AU READER, J SUGAR, J ACQUISTA, N BAHR, R AF READER, J SUGAR, J ACQUISTA, N BAHR, R TI LASER-PRODUCED AND TOKAMAK SPECTRA OF LITHIUM-LIKE IRON, FE23+ SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED WAVELENGTHS; PROMINENT LINES; SOLAR SPECTRUM; ENERGY-LEVELS; LI-LIKE; TRANSITIONS; IDENTIFICATIONS; PROGRAM; XXVI; IONS AB Spectra of highly ionized iron were generated in a laser-produced plasma and a tokamak. In the spectra from the laser-produced plasma new lines of Fe23+ were observed that were identified as 3s-4p, 3p-4d, and 3d-4f transitions. The measured wavelengths of these lines were combined with measurements of the 2s-2p resonance lines measured in the tokamak plasma and with earlier measurements of n = 2 to n = 3 transitions to yield an improved system of energy levels for Fe23+. The measured wavelengths are compared with ab initio theoretical values calculated with a Dirac-Fock code. With the 4f energy levels, which are nearly hydrogenic, an improved ionization energy of 16 503 000 +/- 1400 cm(-1) (2046.11 +/- 0.17 eV) was determined. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,LASER ENERGET LAB,ROCHESTER,NY 14623. RP READER, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1930 EP 1934 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.001930 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA PL223 UT WOS:A1994PL22300002 ER PT J AU POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ RUSHMEIER, HE AF POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ RUSHMEIER, HE TI 2-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID-PHASE AND THE PX-ROOT-3-PHASE OF ALKANETHIOL SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS ON AU(111) SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; GOLD SURFACES; ADSORPTION AB Alkanethiols CH3(CH2)(n)-1SH (C-n n = 4, 6, 8, 10) were self-assembled from ethanolic solutions onto a single-crystal Au(111) surface and characterized using an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Short-chain homologues (C-4 and C-6) exhibited a two-dimensional (2-D) liquid phase at room temperature. Facile mass transport of surface gold atoms was observed in the presence of the liquid phase. The short-chain homologues exhibited slow desorption of surface thiolate which led to the nucleation and growth of ordered domains having a unit cell of p x root 3 (8 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 10). No 2-D liquid phase was observed for longer chain homologues (C-8 and C-10). RP POIRIER, GE (reprint author), NIST,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 245 Z9 246 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3383 EP 3386 DI 10.1021/la00022a004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PN287 UT WOS:A1994PN28700004 ER PT J AU TERECH, P RODRIGUEZ, V BARNES, JD MCKENNA, GB AF TERECH, P RODRIGUEZ, V BARNES, JD MCKENNA, GB TI ORGANOGELS AND AEROGELS OF RACEMIC AND CHIRAL 12-HYDROXYOCTADECANOIC ACID SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; SYSTEM; AGGREGATION; DIFFRACTION; MESOPHASES; MONOLAYER; FIBERS AB Gels were prepared by cooling dilute solutions of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12-HOA), a fatty acid surfactant, in a variety of organic solvents. Both the racemic (DL) and chiral (D) forms of 12-HOA were used. Small angle neutron scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and wide-angle X-ray scattering investigations demonstrated basic similarities between the chiral and the racemic gels. The gels are three-dimensional networks of fibers of rectangular cross-sectional shape with varying aspect ratio and thickness. The fiber network is strengthened by junction points where the molecules pack in a monoclinic crystalline form. ''Head to head'' contacts between the carboxylic acid groups and the formation of multiple hydrogen sequences are ubiquitous in these gels. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,STRUCT & MECH GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Rodriguez, Vincent/B-9163-2008; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI Rodriguez, Vincent/0000-0001-6804-9757; McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 35 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3406 EP 3418 DI 10.1021/la00022a009 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PN287 UT WOS:A1994PN28700009 ER PT J AU LACEY, PI AF LACEY, PI TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LUBRICITY TEST BASED ON THE TRANSITION FROM BOUNDARY LUBRICATION TO SEVERE ADHESIVE WEAR IN FUELS SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; BENCH TEST; CORROSION INHIBITOR; DIESEL; ADHESIVE WEAR; VISCOSITY; HUMIDITY; POLISHING; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; CORROSION; SCUFFING; OXIDATIVE WEAR ID SURFACE AB Severe refinery practices to remove naturally occurring sulfur compounds affect fuel lubricity, and a laboratory wear test that accurately defines the lubricating qualities of diesel and kerosene fuels is urgently needed. This paper details the development of two closely related laboratory test procedures that predict fuel-related wear, cognizant of the contact conditions in full-scale equipment. Most preceding methodologies measure the wear scar produced under conditions of boundary lubrication in continuous sliding. In contrast, the tests described in the present study rely on the transition from mild boundary-lubricated wear to adhesive scuffing to define the lubricating qualities of the fuel. The resulting procedures allow the fuels to be either ranked using a continuous scale, or separated using a simple pass/fail criteria. Careful selection of the test parameters produced a sharp change in both friction and wear at the mechanism transition and wide separation between acceptable and unacceptable fluids. Both procedures were sensitive to the addition of trace quantities of lubricity additives and also showed directional correlation with refinery severity, as measured by sulfur and aromatic content. As a result, excellent correlation was achieved with full-scale equipment tests performed at a number of locations. However, the correlation achieved between laboratory wear tests and full-scale equipment fell below a critical viscosity. C1 NIST,WASHINGTON,DC. RP LACEY, PI (reprint author), USA,BELVOIR FUELS & LUBRICANTS RES FACIL,SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 10 BP 749 EP 757 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA PK426 UT WOS:A1994PK42600001 ER PT J AU BAILEY, KM MACKLIN, SA AF BAILEY, KM MACKLIN, SA TI ANALYSIS OF PATTERNS IN LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA SURVIVAL AND WIND MIXING EVENTS IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, GULF OF ALASKA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; HATCH DATE; 0 ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; WESTERN GULF; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; OTOLITH ANALYSIS; MARINE FISH; BERING SEA; PLANKTON; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB This study examines the possibility that wind mixing in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, is a critical factor for larvae of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. The abundances of walleye pollock larvae hatched on a given day and surviving through the early feeding stage were determined by in situ sampling and otolith analysis for 1983 and 1985 to 1991. Periods of anomalously low or high larval survival were determined by comparing observed first-feeding date distributions of survivors sampled in late May surveys with expected first-feeding date distributions from a model utilizing information on spawning time and abundance, measured egg mortality, assumed larval mortality, and survey date. The cube of the wind speed represented daily estimates of mixing for the same years; wind speeds were determined from gridded sea-level pressure data using a geotriptic wind model. When the resulting daily distributions of larval abundance and mixing were compared, 2 patterns emerged: (1) strong wind mixing events during the first-feeding period were associated with periods of lower than expected larval survival, and (2) periods of higher than expected larval survival were associated with calm with periods often bracketed by strong mixing. The results indicate that over the 8 yr of observation strong mixing events during the first-feeding period were detrimental to survival of pollock larvae. C1 NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RP BAILEY, KM (reprint author), NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3354/meps113001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PP389 UT WOS:A1994PP38900001 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RH ALMAGOR, G CHANEY, RC MEYER, M WARD, R RICHARDS, AF KELLER, GH NOORANY, I BRYANT, WR TAYLOR, E SCHIFFMAN, R YOO, NJ ZNIDARCIC, D SILVA, AJ LEVY, WP AF BENNETT, RH ALMAGOR, G CHANEY, RC MEYER, M WARD, R RICHARDS, AF KELLER, GH NOORANY, I BRYANT, WR TAYLOR, E SCHIFFMAN, R YOO, NJ ZNIDARCIC, D SILVA, AJ LEVY, WP TI GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS FROM WALVIS RIDGE, DEEP-SEA DRILLING PROJECT, LEG-75, HOLE-532A (REPRINTED FROM INITIAL REPORTS OF THE DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT, VOL 75, 1984) SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID CONSOLIDATION AB During Leg 75 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) from the D/V Glomar Challenger, a 200-m deep hole was drilled at Hole 532A on the eastern side of Walvis Ridge at a water depth of 1331 m. Sediment cores were obtained by means of a hydraulic piston corer. All of the cores from this boring were designated for geotechnical studies and were distributed among eight institutions. The results of laboratory studies on these sediment cores were compiled and analyzed Sediment properties, including physical characteristics, strength, consolidation, and permeability were studied to evaluate changes as a function of depth of burial. It was concluded that the sediment profile to the explored depth of 200 m at Walvis Ridge consists of approximately 50 m of foram-nannofossil marl (Subunit 1a) over 64 m of diatom-nannofossil marl (Subunit 1b) over nannofossil marl (Subunit 1c) to the depth explored. All three sediment units appear to be normally consolidated although some anomalies seem to exist to a depth of 120 m. No distinct differences were found among the sediment properties of the three subunits (1a, 1b, and 1c) identified at this site. C1 HUMBOLT STATE UNIV,ARCATA,CA. LEHIGH UNIV,BETHLEHEM,PA. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO. UNIV RHODE ISL,NARRAGANSETT,RI. RP BENNETT, RH (reprint author), ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPH & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL, USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 12 IS 4 BP 297 EP 339 PG 43 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA RE453 UT WOS:A1994RE45300003 ER PT J AU DAHLEHEIM, ME TOWELL, RG AF DAHLEHEIM, ME TOWELL, RG TI OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHINS (LAGENORHYNCHUS OBLIQUIDENS) IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA, WITH NOTES ON AN ATTACK BY KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS-ORCA) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP DAHLEHEIM, ME (reprint author), NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00501.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA PP912 UT WOS:A1994PP91200006 ER PT J AU MULLIN, KD HIGGINS, LV JEFFERSON, TA HANSEN, LJ AF MULLIN, KD HIGGINS, LV JEFFERSON, TA HANSEN, LJ TI SIGHTINGS OF THE CLYMENE DOLPHIN (STENELLA CLYMENE) IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,MARINE MAMMAL RES PROGRAM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MULLIN, KD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CTR SE FISHERIES SCI,PO DRAWER 1207,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00502.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA PP912 UT WOS:A1994PP91200007 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW AF SIEWERT, TA AUSTIN, MW TI THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF OUT-OF-PLANE MATERIAL TO A SCANNED-BEAM LAMINOGRAPHY IMAGE SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB We studied the edge of a thin step wedge with a scanned-beam laminography system to learn how material above and below the plane of focus contributes to the image. The edge of a planar, 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) thick lead sheet with large x and y dimensions was centered in the field of view. Images were captured as the lead sheet was moved in 0.075 mm (0.003 in.) steps above and below the plane of focus of the system. The blurring (measured as its width on the image) was no more than 0.1 mm (0.004 in., or the system resolution) when the sheet was in focus and increased linearly with the deviation from focus. Blurring of out-of-plane objects is an essential feature of this laminography system, and is used to minimize the contribution to the image from material above and below the plane of focus. The gray-level intensity in the blur changed approximately linearly over its entire width (linear change from dark to light). We also imaged various three-dimensional structures to show the ability of laminography to resolve different planes of focus. RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1198 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA PL076 UT WOS:A1994PL07600008 ER PT J AU BOISVERT, RF AF BOISVERT, RF TI THE ARCHITECTURE OF AN INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE REPOSITORY SYSTEM SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Expert Systems for Scientific Computing CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN SP INT ASSOC MATH & COMP SIMULAT, NATL SCI FDN HO PURDUE UNIV DE MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE; SOFTWARE ADVISORY SYSTEM; SOFTWARE CROSS-INDEX; SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL SOFTWARE; VIRTUAL SOFTWARE REPOSITORY AB Much reusable software is available for solving routine mathematical and statistical problems. Unfortunately, locating this software is often quite difficult in current distributed computing environments. The Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS) virtual software repository seeks to remedy this by providing users with convenient access to thousands of software modules physically distributed among several Internet repositories, including netlib. In this paper the author will illustrate the use of GAMS, describe its implementation, and outline plans for the incorporation of expert advisory capabilities. RP BOISVERT, RF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Boisvert, Ronald/0000-0002-4445-1044 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4-6 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0378-4754(94)90062-0 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA PR898 UT WOS:A1994PR89800002 ER PT J AU JANOWIAK, JE ARKIN, PA MORRISSEY, M AF JANOWIAK, JE ARKIN, PA MORRISSEY, M TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE DIURNAL CYCLE IN OCEANIC TROPICAL RAINFALL USING SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CLUSTERS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WEST-AFRICA; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; PACIFIC; CLIMATOLOGIES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SUMMER AB Diurnal variations in tropical cold cloudiness are examined for the period 1986-90 for each 2.5-degrees latitude-longitude area in the global Tropics. The fractional coverage of cold cloudiness, as determined from various IR brightness temperature thresholds, has been used as a proxy for tropical convective precipitation, as direct observations of rainfall are unavailable for much of the earth, especially over the oceans. Variations in fractional coverage of cold cloud for three different temperature thresholds are examined: 235, 225, and 215 K. The results of this study indicate that cold cloud is most frequently observed over land between 1800 and 2100 local time and is independent of the temperature threshold used. Over the tropical oceans, however, the time of maximum occurrence of cold cloud varies substantially with the temperature threshold employed. Coldest cloud-top temperatures (< 215 K) are found to occur much earlier in the day than warmer cloud tops and peak between 0300 and 0600 local time, which is consistent with many earlier limited-area studies. This observation is further confirmed from precipitation intensity differences between morning and evening observations from microwave satellite data. An interesting out-of-phase relationship between oceanic and continental convection is also discussed. Ship reports of weather type from the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set are examined as are hourly rainfall amounts from optical rain gauges on moored buoys that were deployed for the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Both of these data sources also indicate the preference for predawn oceanic heavy rainfall and convective activity. A cursory examination of the diurnal variations in short-range (6 h) rainfall forecasts from the National Meteorological Center Medium-Range Forecast Model are compared with the satellite and in situ results. The daily variations of these forecasts, which are made four times daily, indicate that the diurnal behavior of the model is in reasonable agreement with that of the satellite and in situ observations. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COLL GEOSCI,OKLAHOMA CLIMATE SURVEY,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP JANOWIAK, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC52,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010 NR 41 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 122 IS 10 BP 2296 EP 2311 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2296:AEOTDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PG580 UT WOS:A1994PG58000005 ER PT J AU SPINDEL, A TUPPER, ML MCLAUGHLIN, WL WHITAKER, HL OVERETT, T AF SPINDEL, A TUPPER, ML MCLAUGHLIN, WL WHITAKER, HL OVERETT, T TI CALIBRATION OF DOSIMETERS FOR THE CRYOGENIC IRRADIATION OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS USING AN ELECTRON-BEAM SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article AB In order to evaluate materials such as superconducting magnet components for use in the high-dose radiation environment of the large recirculating charged-particle accelerators such as CERN's Large Hadron Collider (Switzerland/France), CEBAF (Virginia), HERA (Hamburg, Germany), Fermilab's Tevatron (Illinois), and the recently cancelled Superconducting Super Collider (Texas), a study of the radiation resistance of these materials was carried out. These materials must withstand absorbed doses as large as 10(7) Gy at a temperature of 4 K and were tested under these conditions using an electron beam from a 20 MeV linear accelerator. This paper describes the dosimetry at such very large doses and how the dose was delivered to the samples. C1 US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER LAB,DALLAS,TX 75237. COMPOSITE TECHNOL DEV INC,BOULDER,CO 80301. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(94)95669-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA PL518 UT WOS:A1994PL51800020 ER PT J AU HART, RC YOU, L GALLAGHER, A COOPER, J AF HART, RC YOU, L GALLAGHER, A COOPER, J TI FAILURES OF THE 4-WAVE-MIXING MODEL FOR CONE EMISSION SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CONICAL EMISSIONS; PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS; SODIUM VAPOR; BARIUM VAPOR; LIGHT; PROPAGATION; RADIATION; SYSTEM AB Strontium vapor is pumped by an unfocused, single-mode, pulsed dye laser tuned near the 461 nm resonance transition. With blue laser detuning the previously reported red-shifted conical emission is present. We simultaneously resolve in angle and in frequency the emissions from this intense, near-resonant pumping of a ''two-level'' atom. This quantitative spectral and angular discrimination provides uniquely detailed measurements and demonstrates a serious lack of understanding of this highly nonlinear phenomenon. RP HART, RC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(94)90474-X PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA PJ455 UT WOS:A1994PJ45500024 ER PT J AU VANBAAK, DA HOLLBERG, L AF VANBAAK, DA HOLLBERG, L TI PROPOSED SUM-AND-DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR OPTICAL-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT IN THE NEAR-INFRARED SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM-DOPED FORSTERITE; YAG RING LASER; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; TRANSITIONS; OPERATION; DIVISION; STABILIZATION; IODINE AB We propose a method for the determination of optical frequencies in the near infrared that is based on the nonlinear generation of the optical sum and difference frequencies of two near-infrared lasers followed by the comparison of the sum and difference frequencies with standards in the visible and in the far infrared, respectively. We also address questions of practicability and discuss some examples open to the method. RP VANBAAK, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 19 BP 1586 EP 1588 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001586 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PJ265 UT WOS:A1994PJ26500028 PM 19855592 ER PT J AU MOUNTAIN, RD THIRUMALAI, D AF MOUNTAIN, RD THIRUMALAI, D TI QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF EFFICIENCY OF MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article AB An easily applied, physically motivated algorithm for determining the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations is introduced. The theoretical basis for the algorithm is developed. As an illustration we apply the method to the Lennard-Jones liquid near the triple point. We show that an acceptance ratio of 0.2 is twice as efficient for the purpose of generating a satisfactory sample as is an acceptance ratio of 0.5. There is a strong correlation between the efficiency measure and the diffusion rate of liquid particles during the simulation. We argue that the optimal value of the acceptance ratio is calculable from short Monte Carlo simulations. The method is very general and is applicable to Monte Carlo simulations involving arbitrary potentials. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,IPST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MOUNTAIN, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 210 IS 3-4 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1016/0378-4371(94)90092-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PJ551 UT WOS:A1994PJ55100017 ER PT J AU CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P AF CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P TI QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A LASER-COOLED IDEAL-GAS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; FIELD; LIGHT AB We study a system of bosonic or fermionic atoms in a microscopic trap undergoing laser cooling. We derive a master equation governing the evolution of such a system, and show that the stationary state can be described by Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac distributions. The quantum-statistical character of the atoms exhibits itself in the dynamical behavior of the system and in the statistical properties of fluorescence photons emitted in the stationary state. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM,DEPT FIS APLICADA,E-13071 CIUDAD REAL,SPAIN. POLISH ACAD SCI,CENTRUM FIZYKI TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP CIRAC, JI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 3409 EP 3422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3409 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PL627 UT WOS:A1994PL62700083 ER PT J AU BAND, YB TUVI, I SUOMINEN, KA BURNETT, K JULIENNE, PS AF BAND, YB TUVI, I SUOMINEN, KA BURNETT, K JULIENNE, PS TI LOSS FROM MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAPS IN STRONG LASER FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID COLLISIONAL LOSS RATE; ATOMS; STATE AB We present results for the behavior of loss rates in magneto-optical traps in strong fields. They show that the trap loss rate does not saturate along with the excitation process. On the contrary, it increases with the laser-field intensity inside the region of saturation of the laser transition. We also show that an alternative method, the adiabatic formulation of the optical Bloch equations, can be used to predict the behavior of trap loss over a wide range of temperatures and field intensities. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT PHYS,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,CLARENDON LAB,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. RP BAND, YB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/H-9076-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/0000-0002-1091-2893; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP R2826 EP R2829 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PL627 UT WOS:A1994PL62700008 ER PT J AU SUZUKI, M SUZUKI, IS BURR, CR WIESLER, DG ROSOV, N KOGA, K AF SUZUKI, M SUZUKI, IS BURR, CR WIESLER, DG ROSOV, N KOGA, K TI STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF CUCL2 GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZERO-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; QUANTUM SPIN SYSTEMS; TRIANGULAR LATTICE; CUCL2-INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; PHASE-TRANSITION; 2 DIMENSIONS; MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MNCL2-GRAPHITE AB Structural and magnetic properties of stage-1, stage-2, and stage-3 CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) were studied by means of x-ray, electron- and neutron-diffraction, dc magnetic susceptibility, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The Cu2+ ions form an isosceles triangular lattice with one short side and two longer sides. The in-plane dc magnetic susceptibility shows Curie-Weiss behavior above 150 K, a broad maximum around 62-65 K, indicative of low-dimensional magnetic correlations, and a Curie-type behavior below 20 K, attributable to paramagnetic inhomogeneities in the sample. The temperature and magnitude of the susceptibility maximum are more consistent with a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet than a one-dimensional model, suggesting that the distortion from an equilateral triangular lattice is not an important factor in the magnetic behavior of CuCl2 GIC's. ESR measurements indicate that the local magnetic symmetry of Cu2+ spins is tetragonal. The angular dependence of the ESR linewidth at 4.2 K is explained by the combined effects of a canting of the tetragonal axis from the c axis and a weak anisotropy in the Lande g factor that favors spins to lie in the intercalate plane. No magnetic phase transition is observed from dc magnetic susceptibility down to 1.5 K and magnetic neutron scattering above 0.5 K. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV TOKYO, INST SOLID STATE PHYS, MINATO KU, TOKYO 106, JAPAN. RP SUNY BINGHAMTON, DEPT PHYS, BINGHAMTON, NY 13902 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 13 BP 9188 EP 9199 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9188 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PL412 UT WOS:A1994PL41200026 ER PT J AU EARLY, EA STEINER, RL CLARK, AF CHAR, K AF EARLY, EA STEINER, RL CLARK, AF CHAR, K TI EVIDENCE FOR PARALLEL JUNCTIONS WITHIN HIGH-T(C) GRAIN-BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WEAK LINKS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SHAPIRO STEPS; THIN-FILMS; 1/F NOISE; YBA2CU3O7; ARRAYS AB Half-integral constant voltage steps were observed in many high-T(c) grain-boundary Josephson junctions of YBa2Cu3O7-delta when a microwave field was applied. Five distinct observed behaviors of the widths of both integral and half-integral steps as a function of microwave amplitude, DELTAI(dc)(I(ac)), are reproduced by simulations of two or three junctions in parallel. This provides quantitative evidence that a single high-T(c) grain-boundary junction is composed of several junctions in parallel. These junctions are formed by the overlap of superconducting filaments on either side of the grain boundary, and the spacing between ones with relatively large critical currents is approximately 20 mum. C1 CONDUCTUS INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086. RP EARLY, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MET B-258,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 13 BP 9409 EP 9418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9409 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PL412 UT WOS:A1994PL41200053 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RA PURWANTO, A KOHGI, M CANFIELD, PC KAMIYAMA, T ISHIGAKI, T LYNN, JW ERWIN, R PETERSON, E MOVSHOVICH, R AF ROBINSON, RA PURWANTO, A KOHGI, M CANFIELD, PC KAMIYAMA, T ISHIGAKI, T LYNN, JW ERWIN, R PETERSON, E MOVSHOVICH, R TI CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND MAGNETISM OF THE HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUND YBBIPT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note AB The super-heavy-fermion compound YbBiPt has the largest known linear specific-heat coefficient gamma = 8 J mol-1 K-2, and the source of this enormous ''electronic'' specific heat is of great current interest. Here we describe neutron-diffraction studies that indicate its previously reported crystallographic structure to be incorrect. We find that the Pt atom is on the unique site and can be thought of as an interstitial in a fictitious rock-salt structure YbBi, which can in turn be thought of as an ordered form of elemental bismuth. We find no evidence of disorder between sites, occupancy on the nominally vacant site, nor for any tetragonal or rhombohedral distortions or displacements. Furthermore, any ordered magnetic moment at low temperature must be less than 0.25mu(B). The sample contains 8.1 wt.% elemental Bi, and if this is typical of other samples, the previously published values for molar susceptibilities and specific heats should be scaled up by this amount to obtain the intrinsic properties of YbBiPt alone. C1 NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV TSUKUBA,INST MAT SCI,TSUKUBA 305,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 13 BP 9595 EP 9598 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9595 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA PL412 UT WOS:A1994PL41200081 ER PT J AU HUANG, HN AF HUANG, HN TI FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF FLOCS FORMED BY FLUID SHEAR AND DIFFERENTIAL SETTLING SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MARINE SNOW; FLOCCULATION; VELOCITY; DENSITY; MODEL; TRAJECTORIES; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; GEOMETRY; AEROSOL AB The fractal properties of fine-grained sediment flocs formed by fluid shear and by differential settling were studied through floc porosity-size relationships. Flocs were produced from flocculation tests in a Couette-type flocculator in which fluid shear was the dominant collision mechanism for flocculation, and in a disk-type flocculator in which differential settling was the dominant collision mechanism. Floc samples were then introduced into a settling tube to measure their sizes and settling speeds by a double-exposure photographic method. The porosities of flocs were determined from the settling speed data using a porous sphere settling model. It was found that the flocs produced in the Couette-type flocculator could be regarded as fractals, with a fractal dimension ranging from 1.83 to 1.97. However, the flocs produced in the disk-type flocculator did not exhibit simple scaling behavior and could not be regarded as fractals. The differences in fractal property are due to the differences in floc formation schemes associated with the collision mechanisms. The similarities between experimentally obtained flocs and computer simulated clusters are discussed. The multistage growth model, a formation scheme for flocs formed by fluid shear, is consistent with the cluster-cluster model used in computer simulations. A formation scheme for flocs formed by differential settling is postulated; it is consistent with the particle-cluster model used in computer simulations. RP HUANG, HN (reprint author), NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3229 EP 3234 DI 10.1063/1.868055 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA PJ435 UT WOS:A1994PJ43500005 ER PT J AU POMMERSHEIM, JM NGUYEN, T ZHANG, ZH HUBBARD, JB AF POMMERSHEIM, JM NGUYEN, T ZHANG, ZH HUBBARD, JB TI DEGRADATION O ORGANIC COATINGS ON STEEL - MATHEMATICAL-MODELS AND PREDICTIONS SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tess Award Symposium, at the Fall 1992 ACS Meeting CY 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, POLYM MAT SCI & ENGN DIV DE MATHEMATICAL MODEL; CORROSION; COATINGS; ANODIC AND CATHODIC SITES; BLISTERS; FLUX; DIFFUSION; INTERFACE ID CATHODIC DISBONDMENT; CORROSION; MECHANISM AB Conceptual and mathematical models are developed for blistering processes induced by the corrosion of defect-containing coatings on steel substrate ''posed to electrolytes. Models were developed based on cation transport along the coating/steel interface from the anodic sites at the defect to the cathodic sites under the coatings. The models accounted for both an initial induction period before cations have broken through into the blister and a subsequent propagation period when ions accumulate within the blister. The mathematical models are solved analytically to predict cation fluxes and concentrations along the interface and within the blisters. Solutions of the models are expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters. Model variables include blister size, distance between the blister and defect, ion diffusivity and potential gradients. The conditions under which ion transport is likely to be controlled by either potential or concentration gradients are established. Model results indicate that large blisters are more likely to grow than small ones because higher cation concentrations can build up within them. Implications of this conclusion for maintaining the integrity of organic coatings are discussed. C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP POMMERSHEIM, JM (reprint author), BUCKNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,LEWISBURG,PA 17837, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 25 IS 1 BP 23 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0300-9440(94)00501-X PG 19 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PK565 UT WOS:A1994PK56500003 ER PT J AU DAVID, AW GRIMES, CB ISELY, JJ AF DAVID, AW GRIMES, CB ISELY, JJ TI VATERITE SAGITTAL OTOLITHS IN HATCHERY-REARED JUVENILE RED DRUMS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID POLLOCK AB Aberrant otoliths, although uncommon, have been reported in many fish species. We examined sagittae, lapilli, and asterisci from 1,140 wild and 1,723 hatchery-reared juvenile red drums (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aberrant sagittae were found in 20 hatchery-reared fish. These otoliths, which appeared to be formed from a conglomeration of small spheres, were composed of the vaterite polymorph of calcium carbonate instead of the aragonite polymorph normally found in sagittae. No internal ring structure was present; however, gross external morphological features were similar to normal sagittae. Affected red drums had one normal sagitta, and all lapilli and asterisci were normal. No abnormal sagittae were found in wild fish. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,NATL BIOL SURVEY,S CAROLINA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP DAVID, AW (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,PANAMA CITY LAB,3500 DELWOOD BEACH RD,PANAMA CITY,FL 32408, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 56 IS 4 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0301:VSOIHR>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PM186 UT WOS:A1994PM18600018 ER PT J AU CLARKE, ND KISSINGER, CR DESJARLAIS, J GILLILAND, GL PABO, CO AF CLARKE, ND KISSINGER, CR DESJARLAIS, J GILLILAND, GL PABO, CO TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE ENGRAILED HOMEODOMAIN SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HOMEODOMAIN; PROTEIN STABILITY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE ID DNA COMPLEX; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REFINEMENT; PROGRAM; BOX AB The structure of the Drosophila engrailed homeodomain has been solved by molecular replacement and refined to an R-factor of 19.7% at a resolution of 2.1 Angstrom. This structure offers a high-resolution view of an important family of DNA-binding proteins and allows comparison to the structure of the same protein bound to DNA. The most significant difference between the current structure and that of the 2.8-Angstrom engrailed-DNA complex is the close packing of an extended strand against the rest of the protein in the unbound protein. Structural features of the protein not previously noted include a ''herringbone'' packing of 4 aromatic residues in the core of the protein and an extensive network of salt bridges that covers much of the helix 1-helix 2 surface. Other features that may play a role in stabilizing the native state include the interaction of buried carbonyl oxygen atoms with the edge of Phe 49 and a bias toward statistically preferred side-chain dihedral angles. There is substantial disorder at both ends of the 61 amino acid protein. A 51-amino acid variant of engrailed (residues 6-56) was synthesized and shown by CD and thermal denaturation studies to be structurally and thermodynamically similar to the full-length domain. C1 AGOURON PHARMACEUT INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20950. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20950. MIT,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP CLARKE, ND (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOPHYS & BIOPHYS CHEM,725 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Clarke, Neil/D-9613-2014 NR 24 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1779 EP 1787 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PR260 UT WOS:A1994PR26000018 PM 7849596 ER PT J AU MORI, T DIZDAROGLU, M AF MORI, T DIZDAROGLU, M TI IONIZING-RADIATION CAUSES GREATER DNA-BASE DAMAGE IN RADIATION-SENSITIVE MUTANT M10 CELLS THAN IN PARENT MOUSE LYMPHOMA L5178Y CELLS SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; REPAIR; RADIOSENSITIVITY; THYMINE; INDUCTION; RADICALS AB DNA base damage in radiation-sensitive mutant M10 cells and parent mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells was studied. Cells were exposed to ionizing radiation in the dose range of 48 to 400 Gy. Chromatin was isolated from cells and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ten DNA base products were identified and quantified. A dose-dependent formation of the products was observed. The yields of products in M10 cells were up to threefold greater than in L5178Y cells. Of the products measured, formamidopyrimidines had the highest difference in their yields between the two cell lines. The greater initial DNA base damage in M10 cells may play a role in their hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,ADV SCI & TECHNOL RES INST,DIV RADIAT CHEM,SAKAI,OSAKA 593,JAPAN. NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 140 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.2307/3578572 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PK821 UT WOS:A1994PK82100012 PM 7938459 ER PT J AU VELAZQUEZ, MT ZALEWSKI, EF AF VELAZQUEZ, MT ZALEWSKI, EF TI ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL RESPONSE CALIBRATION OF A PHOTODETECTOR USING A SPECTRALLY FLAT DETECTOR AND A SELF-CALIBRATED SILICON PHOTODIODE SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article ID DIODES AB In this communication we describe the absolute spectral response calibration of a photodetector by a method which extends the spectral range of the silicon photodiode self-calibration technique. The self-calibration of a photodiode was performed at the 632.8 nm HeNe laser line and then used to calibration the absolute response of a spectrally flat thermal detector (ECPR). The other characteristics of the thermal detector that are important to this experiment and which we measured are: linearity, uniformity and window transmittance. The thermal experiment was then used to measure the absolute spectral response of a photodetector (DRTIP) in the 350 to 1000 nm wavelength range using a monochromator and a xenon arc as the tunable source. Comparison with previous measurements of this detector's absolute spectral response in the 400 to 800 nm range showed an average difference of -0.1 +/- 0.6%. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR RADIAT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP VELAZQUEZ, MT (reprint author), INST POLITECN NACL,ESCUELA SUPER FIS & MATEMAT,07738 MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 40 IS 5 BP 782 EP 789 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PN184 UT WOS:A1994PN18400009 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HA AF GARCIA, HA TI TEMPERATURE AND EMISSION MEASURE FROM GOES SOFT-X-RAY MEASUREMENTS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR CORONA; RADIATION; PLASMA; DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTRA; FLARES AB GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) X-ray sensors observe the Sun continuously in two broadband soft X-ray channels. These data are collected in real time and are used operationally to detect the onset and the intensity of solar flares. For these purposes it is usually sufficient to monitor. only the soft channel (1-8 Angstrom). The second, harder channel (0.5-4 Angstrom) provides additional information on the state of the coronal plasma. The dual X-ray measurement data are archived and made available to external users for basic research. The GOES X-ray sensors operate on the ion-chamber principle: measured ion-chamber electric current is proportional to the net ionization rate caused by incident X-ray flux on encapsulated noble gases. The ratio of the outputs of the two channels in electric current, therefore, is uniquely a function of the color temperature of the emitting plasma, and the magnitude of each of the currents is proportional to a quantity, known as the emission measure, that convolves the volume and the density of the emitting plasma. This paper provides a detailed description of the procedure used for computing color temperature and emission measure from GOES X-ray data, including a table of constants for SMS and GOES Xray sensors that are necessary for reducing the archived data from these satellites. Temperature and theoretical current tables were constructed, for individual GOES sensors, from laboratory calibrations of instrument responses and from synthetic solar X-ray spectra generated by two models of solar thermal X-ray emission: Raymond-Smith and Mewe-Alkemade. Example tables are shown and others are available on request. Errors that may be incurred from the use of GOES X-ray data in the computation of flare temperatures and emission measures may be classified under four major groups: instrumentinduced errors, including errors of calibration and random measurement errors; environmentally induced errors, due primarily to the ambient energetic electron background; solar influences, including the consequences of the isothermal assumption and the single-source assumption; and uncertainties in the modelled solar synthetic spectrum. These error sources are discussed separately, and a rough estimation of the collective error is made where this is quantitatively feasible. Finally, temperatures and emission measures are computed from GOES data and are compared with those derived from SMM and Hinotori soft X-ray spectrometer data and from broadband photometric data from the PROGNOZ satellite. RP NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 24 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 154 IS 2 BP 275 EP 308 DI 10.1007/BF00681100 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PY057 UT WOS:A1994PY05700005 ER PT J AU WITCZAK, SC GAITAN, M SUEHLE, JS PECKERAR, MC MA, DI AF WITCZAK, SC GAITAN, M SUEHLE, JS PECKERAR, MC MA, DI TI THE INTERACTION OF STOICHIOMETRY, MECHANICAL-STRESS, AND INTERFACE-TRAP DENSITY IN LPCVD SI-RICH SINX-SI STRUCTURES SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MOS CAPACITORS; PLASMA; STATES; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; DEVICES; SYSTEM AB Mechanical and electrical properties were correlated in LPCVD SiN(x)-Si structures through the characterization of six wafers patterned with MNS capacitors whose insulator films were deposited rich in Si under various processing conditions. The samples were measured for mechanical stress at the Si-SiN(x) interface with X-ray diffraction. The deposited SiN(x) films were measured for stoichiometry by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Low-temperature C-V measurements were used for the first time to estimate Si-SiN(x) interface trap densities in the capacitors. The interface trap densities were confirmed with the aid of a model based on a numerical analysis of the capacitor small-signal response. The measurement results indicate that an increase in the Si/N ratio in the insulating films was accompanied by a decrease in the film tensile stress. Those SiN(x) films made sufficiently rich in Si were successfully deposited under compressive stress. Furthermore, a decrease in the magnitude of the stress was accompanied by a decrease in interface trap densities, suggesting that interfacial mechanical stress may be influential in the formation of Si-SiN(x) interface traps. Interface trap densities were lowest in those structures whose insulating films were deposited under compression. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP WITCZAK, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1695 EP 1704 DI 10.1016/0038-1101(94)90216-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA NZ806 UT WOS:A1994NZ80600004 ER PT J AU WU, ST SONG, MT CHENG, CC DRYER, M AF WU, ST SONG, MT CHENG, CC DRYER, M TI CORONAL HEATING DUE TO THE EMERGENCE OF MAGNETIC-FLUX SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE CORONAL HEATING ID MODEL AB A self-consistent time-dependent, two-dimensional MHD model with a realistic energy equation is developed to understand the origin of bright coronal emission accompanying the occurrence of a new bipolar magnetic region. The motivation for this study is the interpretation of anticipated observations to be made by the SOHO mission. C1 UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MECH ENGN, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, ERL, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP UNIV ALABAMA, CTR SPACE PLASMA & AERON RES, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00777861 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600029 ER PT J AU TURK, GC YU, LJ KOIRTYOHANN, SR AF TURK, GC YU, LJ KOIRTYOHANN, SR TI LASER-ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY OF SODIUM ATOMS IN AN AIR HYDROGEN FLAME WITH MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Sodium atoms in an air-hydrogen flame at atmospheric pressure have been selectively ionized by laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectroscopy, and the resulting ions have been drawn into a vacuum and detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry. A commercial inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, modified for use with a flame rather than an ICP, was used to sample and detect the LEI ions. Following double-resonance LEI using pulsed dye lasers, the detected sodium ion signal was enhanced by a factor of 350 over that induced by thermal ionization alone. Using a 5 mm laser beam diameter, the LEI signal pulse was found to last for 0.53 ms (FWHM). Spatial studies in which the position of the laser beam relative to the mass spectrometer sampler cone was varied, demonstrated that the ions produced by LEI travel with the flame velocity into the mass spectrometer, with no significant losses due to recombination from as far as 13 mm from the interface. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 12-14 BP 1537 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80128-2 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA QD364 UT WOS:A1994QD36400031 ER PT J AU EPSTEIN, MS TURK, GC YU, LJ AF EPSTEIN, MS TURK, GC YU, LJ TI A SPECTRAL INTERFERENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN HIGH-PURITY LEAD AND LEAD-BASE ALLOYS USING ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY AND ZEEMAN-EFFECT BACKGROUND CORRECTION SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT LINES; 30 ELEMENTS; OVERCOMPENSATION AB Arsenic, antimony, and tellurium are determined at part-per-million concentration levels in bullet lead, lead-base alloy, and high purity lead using electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. A spectral interference by lead absorption lines resulting from excited state transitions is observed on both primary arsenic analysis lines, at 193.696 nm and 197.197 nm. Analytical bias caused by the interference at 197.197 nm is eliminated by using temperature programming and temporal resolution. RP EPSTEIN, MS (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 12-14 BP 1681 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80139-8 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA QD364 UT WOS:A1994QD36400042 ER PT J AU SARASWATI, R WATTERS, RL AF SARASWATI, R WATTERS, RL TI DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC AND SELENIUM IN SPINACH AND TOMATO LEAVES REFERENCE MATERIALS USING FLOW-INJECTION AND ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Flow-Injection Analysis 1994 CY JAN 05-07, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID HYDRIDE GENERATION; DIGESTION; ANTIMONY; ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; MERCURY AB A flow-injection atomic absorption spectrometric method was developed for the determination of twee amounts of arsenic and selenium in proposed spinach and tomato leaves standard reference materials (SRM 1570a and SRM 1573a). The samples were digested with HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4 using reflux column. The experimental details for sample preparation and the flow injection hydride generation method are discussed. The effect of matrix and various acid concentrations on the extraction and absorbance was also studied. The method has detection limits of 0.15 ng As/ml and 0.17 ng Se/ml. Standard Reference Materials (SRM 1571 and 1547) were analyzed and the results agreed well with the certified values. RP SARASWATI, R (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1785 EP 1790 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(94)00190-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PQ239 UT WOS:A1994PQ23900025 PM 18966133 ER PT J AU THACKER, WC LEWANDOWICZ, R AF THACKER, WC LEWANDOWICZ, R TI DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION AND UNCERTAINTY SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The question of what information might be inferred from a set of data is posed in terms of the uncertainties of model variables determined by a least-squares fit. When a dynamical model is fitted to asynoptic data, the uncertainty can be characterized by a region in the model's phase space surrounding the point associated with the best fit. Changes in the shape and orientation of this region as it evolves indicate how information is redistributed dynamically among the model variables, much as kinetic and potential energy might be redistributed. These ideas are illustrated within the context of single and double oscillator systems. Information about the state of a shallow-water model is shown to depend sensitively on the sampling interval of fictitious altimetric data. RP THACKER, WC (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 46 IS 5 BP 651 EP 670 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.t01-3-00007.x PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA PU455 UT WOS:A1994PU45500007 ER PT J AU GILPIN, M TAYLOR, BL AF GILPIN, M TAYLOR, BL TI REDUCED DIMENSIONAL POPULATION TRANSITION MATRICES - EXTINCTION DISTRIBUTIONS FROM MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Population transition matrices yield a full distribution of extinction times, which is valuable in decision-making for the conservation of small populations. However, matrices of even moderate dimension have proved computationally impractical. A scheme based on a generalization of the Fibonacci series is developed whereby integer population numbers (0, 1, 2, 3,...) can be collapsed in a many-to-one fashion onto an integer series of fewer terms. This homomorphic mapping permits a reduction in dimensionality of matrix models of stochastic population processes, thereby greatly lowering associated computations. Error contributed by reduction in dimensionality is investigated with general models of how growth rate and variance in growth rate change with population size. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP GILPIN, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 46 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1006/tpbi.1994.1022 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PL439 UT WOS:A1994PL43900001 ER PT J AU IRISOV, VG AF IRISOV, VG TI SMALL-SLOPE EXPANSION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE DIFFRACTION ON A ROUGH-SURFACE SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article AB The diffraction and absorption of the plane electromagnetic wave on a rough surface is considered to find the scattering and emissivity of the surface. For this purpose a system of integral equations for unknown surface fields is derived from Green's formula for the Helmholtz equation. The small-slope approach is used to find a solution, i.e. the solution is determined from an expansion over the roughness spectrum that, in the limit of the large-scale roughness, turns out to be the expansion over the slope spectrum. RP IRISOV, VG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD OCT PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/4/4/003 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PQ301 UT WOS:A1994PQ30100003 ER PT J AU TATARSKII, VI AF TATARSKII, VI TI MARKOVIAN NON-GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATION FOR LIGHT-PROPAGATION IN A RANDOM MEDIUM SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article AB A theory is presented for wave propagation in a random medium that generalizes the Markovian-Gaussian approximation to the case of a non-Gaussian probability distribution of refractivity fluctuations. A Poissonian model of refractivity fluctuations that are statistically independent in non-overlapping intervals in the x-direction is used. This model turns out to be Gaussian under appropriate conditions. General solutions are obtained for the mean field and the mutual coherence function of a plane, partially coherent incident wave. These solutions contain a new functional parameter, a characteristic function of the amplitude of dielectric permittivity fluctuations, that affects the shape of the coherence function as well as its spectrum. RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD OCT PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/4/4/008 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PQ301 UT WOS:A1994PQ30100008 ER PT J AU QUINN, TP MADIGAN, RB SIEWERT, TA AF QUINN, TP MADIGAN, RB SIEWERT, TA TI AN ELECTRODE EXTENSION MODEL FOR GAS METAL ARC-WELDING - SHORT-CIRCUITING TRANSFER CAN BE PREDICTED WITHIN 9-PERCENT FOR A GIVEN ELECTRODE FEED SPEED SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ELECTRODE EXTENSION; GMAW; ONE-DIMENSION MODEL; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; DESCRIBING FUNCTION; SPRAY TRANSFER MODE; WELDING CURRENT; ELECTRODE FEED SPEED; TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; STEFAN PROBLEM AB The electrode extension during gas metal arc welding is predicted using a one-dimensional model of the melting electrode. Joule heating in the electrode, heat directly applied to the end of the electrode from the condensing electrons, and heat transferred from the droplet, together with conduction along the electrode are considered. The thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusivity, and the electrical resistivity of the electrode material are allowed to vary with temperature. The steady-state electrode extension is predicted to an accuracy of 1.9 mm (0.074 in.). The onset of short-circuiting as the current is decreased for a given electrode feed speed is predicted within 9%. Dynamic analysis shows that the gas metal arc welding process acts as a low-pass filter for electrode extension with respect to the square of the current (proportional to power) and with respect to electrode feed speed. As the mean welding current is increased, the electrode extension (or arc length if the contact-tube-to-work distance is constant) has a smaller response to perturbations in the current or electrode feed speed. The quasi-linear transfer functions between electrode extension and current squared and between electrode extension and electrode feed speed can be described by one zero, two pole parametric fits. The transfer functions are linear in the amplitude of the excitation up to 10% of the mean excitation. The model transfer functions were verified with experiments. RP QUINN, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 73 IS 10 BP S241 EP S248 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA PK417 UT WOS:A1994PK41700016 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RD IRIKURA, KK AF JOHNSON, RD IRIKURA, KK TI EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATES OF PF2 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ANO BASIS-SETS; NU-3 VIBRATION; ROW ATOMS; HO2; BAND; SPECTRUM AB The energies of the states below 40000 cm(-1) have been calculated at the CASPT2(3, 8)/ANO level. The symmetry assignments and energies at this level are: (2)A(1) 15798 cm(-1), B-2(2), 21791 cm(-1),B-4(1) 27528 cm(-1), (2)A(1) 40304 cm(-1), B-2(1) 41596 cm(-1), and (4)A(2), 46879 cm(-1). We expect these energies to be within 1500 cm(-1) of experimentally determined energies. These results suggest that the emitting state found in a recent spectroscopic study of PF2 (Chem. Phys. Letters 210 (1993) 362) is not the (4)A(2) state but the B-2(2) state. RP JOHNSON, RD (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 1994 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00917-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PJ977 UT WOS:A1994PJ97700044 ER PT J AU FRONTICELLI, C PECHIK, I BRINIGAR, WS KOWALCZYK, J GILLILAND, GL AF FRONTICELLI, C PECHIK, I BRINIGAR, WS KOWALCZYK, J GILLILAND, GL TI CHLORIDE-ION INDEPENDENCE OF THE BOHR EFFECT IN A MUTANT HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN BETA(V1M+H2DELETED) SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-SITE; RESOLUTION AB A mutant human hemoglobin, beta(V1M+H2 Delta), has been constructed. Analysis of the oxygen binding curves obtained at pH 8.3, where the Bohr effect is inoperative, indicates that this mutation results in an additional stabilization of the T-state conformation by 0.9 kcal/mol. The crystal structure of deoxy-beta(V1M+H2 Delta) has been determined to 2.2-Angstrom resolution and compared with the deoxy structure of human hemoglobin at the same resolution. In human hemoglobin, a sulfate anion is anchored to the beta-chains by a complex network of H-bonds and electrostatic interactions with the amino terminus and Lys(beta 82). In the mutant hemoglobin, the shortening of the amino-terminal region of the A helix by 1 residue results in the formation of an intrachain electrostatic interaction between the amino-terminal amino and Asp(beta 79). This eliminates the sulfate binding site, and the sulfate is replaced by two water molecules. At variance with human hemoglobin, the alkaline Bohr effect for beta(V1M+H2 Delta) is not sensitive to the presence of Cl-. This indicates that the sulfate binding site in human hemoglobin also serves as a Cl- binding site, and that the amino terminal Val(beta 1) is essential for oxygen-linked Cl- binding to hemoglobin as well as the Cl--dependent Bohr effect. Analysis of the oxygen binding curves indicates that the oxygen-linked Cl- ions are released upon binding of the first oxygen molecule. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. TEMPLE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP FRONTICELLI, C (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,108 N GREENE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HLBI-13164, P01 HL48517] NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 30 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 39 BP 23965 EP 23969 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PQ346 UT WOS:A1994PQ34600020 PM 7929044 ER PT J AU KARL, TR AF KARL, TR TI CLIMATE-CHANGE - SMUDGING THE FINGERPRINTS SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIC,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,37 BATTERY PK AVE,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 29 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6496 BP 380 EP 381 DI 10.1038/371380a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PJ285 UT WOS:A1994PJ28500026 ER PT J AU FURUYA, H MONDELLO, M YANG, HJ ROE, RJ ERWIN, RW HAN, CC SMITH, SD AF FURUYA, H MONDELLO, M YANG, HJ ROE, RJ ERWIN, RW HAN, CC SMITH, SD TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF ATACTIC POLYSTYRENE .2. COMPARISON WITH NEUTRON-SCATTERING DATA SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYCARBONATE; SYSTEMS AB Four polystyrene samples, some selectively deuterated, were synthesized by anionic polymerization for neutron scattering measurement. The four are a predeuterated polystyrene, a polystyrene with its phenyl group deuterated, one with its aliphatic backbone deuterated, and a hydrogenous polystyrene. Neutron scattering measurement was performed by a method employing a spin polarization analysis, which allows unambiguous separation of coherent from incoherent scattering. The coherent scattering differential cross section determined in absolute units was compared with calculated curves based on the result of molecular dynamics simulation of atactic polystyrene. The simulation was performed with a united atom model and an all atom model, in both of which the bond lengths were held fixed and the phenyl group was constrained to a rigid, planar hexagon. The curves calculated from the united atom model were seen to agree fairly well with the experimental data within the experimental uncertainties due to counting statistics. The all atom model, however, gave a less satisfactory agreement-a result, which is similar to the one presented in a previous paper where X-ray scattering data in the literature were compared with simulation results. From the simulation, six different pair distribution functions giving the correlations among carbons, backbone hydrogens, and phenyl hydrogens were calculated, and from them the corresponding partial structure factors were evaluated to see the contributions which each type of pair makes to the overall neutron scattering curves. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, MIAMI VALLEY LABS, CINCINNATI, OH 45239 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 26 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 20 BP 5674 EP 5680 DI 10.1021/ma00098a022 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PJ324 UT WOS:A1994PJ32400022 ER PT J AU DITUSA, JF CHEONG, SW PARK, JH AEPPLI, G BROHOLM, C CHEN, CT AF DITUSA, JF CHEONG, SW PARK, JH AEPPLI, G BROHOLM, C CHEN, CT TI MAGNETIC AND CHARGE DYNAMICS IN A DOPED ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSITION-METAL OXIDE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALDANE-GAP; O SYSTEM; CHAIN; SPIN; LA2-XSRXCUO4; Y2BANIO5; LA2CUO4 AB We have measured the electrical resistivity, polarized x-ray absorption, and magnetic neutron scattering for Y2-xCaxBaNi1-yZnyO5 to determine how doping affects the charge and spin dynamics of a Haldane chain compound. While Zn doping, which severs the NiO chains, increases the resistivity beyond that of the pure material, Ca doping introduces holes, residing mainly in the 2p(z) orbital of the oxygens in the NiO chains. Both dopants lead to simple finite size effects above the Haldane gap. In addition, we have discovered that Ca doping yields substantial magnetic states below the Haldane gap. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DITUSA, JF (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 31 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 13 BP 1857 EP 1860 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1857 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PH256 UT WOS:A1994PH25600031 ER PT J AU BIRCH, WR KNEWTSON, MA GAROFF, S SUTER, RM SATIIA, S AF BIRCH, WR KNEWTSON, MA GAROFF, S SUTER, RM SATIIA, S TI THE MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF AUTOPHOBED MONOLAYERS AND PRECURSING FILMS OF A CATIONIC SURFACTANT ON THE SILICON-OXIDE SILICON SURFACE SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wetting and Interfacial Phenomena, at the 67th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium CY JUN 21-23, 1993 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO DE AUTOPHOBIC FILM; CATIONIC SURFACTANT; PRECURSING FILM; THIN LIQUID FILM; WETTING ID X-RAY; SPECULAR REFLECTION; WATER INTERFACE; WETTING FILMS; BROMIDE; FORCES; LAYERS; MICA AB We have used X-ray and neutron reflectivity to probe autophobed layers and precursing films of a cationic surfactant on the SiO2/Si surface. Formed on retraction from solution, the autophobed films are monolayers. In the autophobed film, the polar head group of the surfactant is coordinated with its counterion in a region near the oxide surface. The layer thickness is about 11 angstrom and the area per molecule is about 50 angstrom-2. The tails of the surfactants are disordered. When connected to the meniscus of a bulk surfactant solution and equilibrated with saturated vapor, the autophobed monolayer becomes a precursing film. The layer swells with water hydrating the polar SiO2 surface and head groups. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014; Garoff, Stephen/P-7629-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437; Garoff, Stephen/0000-0001-8148-8535 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD SEP 22 PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(94)80114-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PM025 UT WOS:A1994PM02500009 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ AF DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ TI PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF RH(CO)(2)(ACETYLACETONATE) AND RELATED METAL DICARBONYLS STUDIED BY ULTRAFAST INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID RESOLVED IR SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; KINETICS; METHANE AB Ultraviolet-initiated photochemistry and electronic excited state relaxation of Rh(CO)(2)(acac) (acac = acetylacetonate), Cp*Rh(CO)(2) (Cp* = eta(5)-C-5(CH3)(5)), Cp*Ir(CO)(2), and Ir(CO)(2)(acac) in 295 K solutions were studied by ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy. The progress of these dynamics was monitored through changes in the CO-stretch region (near 2000 cm(-1)). Solvent-dependent photochemistry of Rh(CO)(2)(acac) is reported which supports the interpretation of previous metal carbonyl photolysis experiments. Excitation of the other species produces quite different results from that of Rh(CO)(2)(acac). In these compounds no monocarbonyl photoproducts are observed because the CO loss quantum yield is small (approximate to 1%). However, transient bleaches at the CO-stretch frequencies of each compound are found to recover with approximate to 40 ps lifetimes; this recovery is attributed to rapid relaxation of electronic excited states. These results provide guidance for the interpretation of transient spectra of species such as Rh(CO)(2)(acac) which have a high quantum yield for CO loss. C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 1994 VL 98 IS 38 BP 9396 EP 9399 DI 10.1021/j100089a007 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PH559 UT WOS:A1994PH55900007 ER PT J AU BROCCOLI, AJ AF BROCCOLI, AJ TI GLOBAL CHANGE - LEARNING FROM PAST CLIMATES SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP BROCCOLI, AJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 22 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6495 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1038/371282a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PH254 UT WOS:A1994PH25400023 ER PT J AU PRICE, SD MANNING, M LEONE, SR AF PRICE, SD MANNING, M LEONE, SR TI BOND-FORMING REACTIONS OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULAR DICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DISSOCIATION REACTIONS; LABORATORY COLLISION ENERGY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RARE-GASES; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; OCS2+; CO2(2+); SINGLE AB We observe a series of novel reactions involving the formation of chemical bonds in a comprehensive study of the reactivity of eight dications, CF2+, CF22+, CF32+, SF42+, SF32+, SF22+, CO22+, and OCS2+, with the neutral collision partners Xe, D-2, O-2, N-2, NO, and CO. The reactions are detected in a crossed beam apparatus at laboratory-frame collision energies between 30 and 50 eV. The mass-selected dication beam interacts with a pulsed beam of the neutral reactant in a collision region and the ionic products are monitored by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The major reactions for each system are charge transfer processes. However, reactions involving the formation of new chemical bonds contribute significantly to the ion yield (1-20%) for several of the collision systems studied. Two classes of bond-forming reactions are observed, one involving negative ion transfer to the dication and the other involving positive ion transfer from the dication to the neutral reactant. An example of the former is the production of DCF2+ from the reaction between CF22+ and D-2; an example of the latter is the production of XeF+ from the reaction between CF22+ and Xe. Estimates of the appropriate curve-crossing radii for the negative ion transfer reactions give values consistent with a Landau-Zener curve-crossing mechanism. Charge transfer products and collision-induced neutral loss channels are also reported in this study. C1 UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT CHEM,LONDON WC1H 0AJ,ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Price, Stephen/C-2398-2008 NR 25 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8673 EP 8680 DI 10.1021/ja00098a030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PH531 UT WOS:A1994PH53100030 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK GODDARD, WA AF IRIKURA, KK GODDARD, WA TI ENERGETICS OF 3RD-ROW TRANSITION-METAL METHYLIDENE IONS MCH(2)(+) (M=LA, HF, TA, W, RE, OS, IR, PT, AU) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BOND-ENERGIES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERIODIC TRENDS; LASER ABLATION; POSITIVE-IONS; VALENCE-BOND; COMPLEXES; HYDRIDES; METHANE AB High-level ab initio calculations, involving multireference configuration interaction and moderately large basis sets, have been performed to determine the metal-carbon bond energies in the metal methylidene ions MCH(2)(+) of the 5d transition series. On the basis of our calculations and available experimental data, the recommended bond energies D(M(+)-CH2) are 98 +/- 1.5 (La), 104 +/- 5 (Hf), 115 +/- 5 (Ta), 111 +/- 3 (W), 97 +/- 4 (Re), 113 +/- 3 (Os), 123 +/- 5 (Ir), 123 +/- 5 (Pt), and 94 +/- 2 (Au) kcal/mol. These bond energies are consistent with the experimentally observed reactivity of the metal ions M(+) with methane. The double-humped pattern is explained in the context of promotion and exchange energies. The arguments are extended in order to estimate metal-methylidyne bond strengths D(M(+)-CH). C1 CALTECH,BECKMAN INST 13974,CTR MAT & MOLEC SIMULAT,DIV CHEM & CHEM ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91125. NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 40 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8733 EP 8740 DI 10.1021/ja00098a036 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PH531 UT WOS:A1994PH53100036 ER PT J AU KILADIS, GN MEEHL, GA WEICKMANN, KM AF KILADIS, GN MEEHL, GA WEICKMANN, KM TI LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION ASSOCIATED WITH WESTERLY WIND BURSTS AND DEEP CONVECTION OVER THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; 1986-87 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WAVE DISTURBANCES; SURFACE WINDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; OCEAN AB The relationship between deep equatorial convection over the western Pacific and atmospheric circulation during November to February, 1986-1992 is studied using cross correlations between outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and National Meteorological Center global analyses. We focus on intraseasonal convective events on the 6- to 30-day timescale over two regions: just east of Borneo and over the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) domain to the northeast of New Guinea. Although comparatively little work has been done on this timescale, we show that the bulk of the intraseasonal variability in both convection and low-level circulation over the tropical western Pacific occurs in this period range. As a comparison with these higher-frequency events, the evolution of COARE convection on the 30- to 70-day timescale is also considered. The results of the historical data analysis are compared to a case study of deep convection associated with strong surface westerly winds during November 1989. This analysis is meant to serve as a benchmark for future case studies from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere COARE experiment and other periods. In general, 6- to 30-day equatorial convection in the regions studied occurs in conjunction with low-level equatorial westerly wind anomalies, paired anomalous cyclonic circulations straddling the equator, and a strengthening of the sea level pressure gradient along the equator. The increase in the pressure gradient appears most often tied to the simultaneous equatorward movement of high-pressure systems originating over southeastern Asia and Australia. A surge of trades over the central Pacific also accompanies the development of convection over both study regions. Following the convective peak, the low-level westerlies slowly decay, as the northern cyclone moves northwestward away from the equator in a track characteristic of a tropical depression. It is also observed that low-level westerly anomalies occur frequently without deep convection. The vertical structure during convective events along the equator on the 30- to 70-day timescale and over Indonesia in the 6- to 30-day band is baroclinic, with easterly anomalies at upper levels overlying low-level westerlies. At 200 mbar a strengthened meridional outflow from the OLR signal into a wave train on the equatorward side of the Asian jet is observed to develop following the convective peak, suggesting forcing of this circulation by the convection. Over the COARE domain there is evidence that 6- to 30-day convection often occurs in conjunction with deep westerly flow. It is suggested that these types of events are frequently characterized by vertical propagation of westerlies from the surface to the upper troposphere, as is shown for a case study from November 1989. This westerly burst episode is shown to have many features in common with the ''typical'' case as defined from historical data. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST, ENVIRONM RES LABS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP KILADIS, GN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80300 USA. NR 57 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18527 EP 18544 DI 10.1029/94JD01486 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700003 ER PT J AU RIDOUT, JA CHERTOCK, B GELARO, R AF RIDOUT, JA CHERTOCK, B GELARO, R TI RESPONSE OF A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL TO A CHANGE IN-CLOUD SOLAR FORCING - MODEL FEEDBACKS AND COMPARISON WITH SATELLITE DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EARTH-RADIATION-BUDGET; COMMUNITY-CLIMATE-MODEL; EXTENDED WATER CLOUDS; OCEAN SURFACE; ECMWF MODEL; NATIONAL-CENTER; ENERGY-BALANCE; FORECAST MODEL; ABSORPTION; IRRADIANCE AB The response of a general circulation model to a change in its treatment of cloud solar forcing is investigated. Radiation field data from the forecast model of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System for five Julys (1979-1983) are presented in an investigation of the effect of a change from grid cell averaged clouds to maximally overlapping clouds in the model's solar radiation scheme. The model results are compared with Nimbus 7 Earth Radiation Budget top of the atmosphere (TOA) solar and longwave irradiances and with derived surface solar irradiance data. Although the maximal overlap scheme performs considerably better than the grid cell averaging scheme (reducing maximum deficiencies in TOA and surface solar irradiance by over 100 W m(-2)) significant errors remain. The simulated correlation between TOA net solar and longwave irradiance improves at low latitudes in the northern hemisphere, with little change at higher latitudes. This improved correlation is consistent with the greater consistency between the treatments of solar and longwave cloud radiative forcing brought to the model by the new solar radiation scheme. The change in the radiation treatment is shown to have the greatest direct effect on solar radiation over convective regions, a consequence of the scarcity of optically thick clouds produced by the model's cloud parameterization in other regions. The model responds with an increase in convective activity over land and an increase in the flux of moisture from sea to land. Planetary cooling over the oceans increases because of a decrease in cloud cover. From mid to high latitudes in the northern hemisphere, there are scattered regions of increased cloud water content associated with increased tropospheric temperatures. Over land the model response in terms of TOA downwelling solar irradiance tends to counter the increase in solar irradiance caused by the model change in all latitudinal zones in the northern hemisphere. This response is caused primarily by changes in the cloud fields, which thus act as a negative feedback following the change in cloud solar forcing. The significance of this response is examined with respect to the perturbation in solar irradiance represented by the model change. An estimate of this perturbation is obtained by taking the difference in solar irradiance diagnosed by the two cloud solar forcing treatments for Simulations employing the grid cell averaging scheme. The response is significantly greater in magnitude in the tropics than at midlatitudes, both in an absolute sense and as a percentage of this perturbation. Because TOA longwave irradiance exhibits a positive response in the tropics, and a negative response at midlatitudes, however, the percentage response in net TOA downwelling irradiance is actually greater in magnitude at midlatitudes. In a number of regions the cloud feedback is very large, showing the importance for cloud field prediction of improvements in the treatment of cloud solar forcing. Such cloud feedback also explains the small improvement seen here in the prediction of TOA solar irradiance in certain regions. increases in surface sensible heating and longwave Cooling are generally considerably less than increases in surface latent heating, though a notable exception occurs in arid central Asia. A large ground temperature increase in that region is strongly correlated at low levels with the atmospheric temperature increase observed at midlatitudes in the northern hemisphere. C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, 7 GRACE HOPPER AVE, BOX 2, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18555 EP 18576 DI 10.1029/94JD00359 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700005 ER PT J AU EISELE, FL MOUNT, GH FEHSENFELD, FC HARDER, J MAROVICH, E PARRISH, DD ROBERTS, J TRAINER, M AF EISELE, FL MOUNT, GH FEHSENFELD, FC HARDER, J MAROVICH, E PARRISH, DD ROBERTS, J TRAINER, M TI INTERCOMPARISON OF TROPOSPHERIC OH AND ANCILLARY TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS AT FRITZ-PEAK-OBSERVATORY, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-PATH ABSORPTION; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; NIWOT-RIDGE; RURAL TROPOSPHERE; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; OZONE; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; ISOPRENE; EMISSION AB The determination of the concentration of OH in the Earth's troposphere is of fundamental importance to an understanding of the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Although many experiments to measure OH concentration have been performed in recent years, very few operate at sensitivities necessary to measure the extremely low amount of OH in the clean troposphere (0.1-0.2 parts per trillion by volume at summertime local noon). This paper describes an informal intercomparison campaign held at Fritz Peak, Colorado, in summer 1991 to intercompare the OH concentrations determined from a spectroscopic instrument and an in situ chemical conversion instrument, both with sensitivities at or below 5 x 10(5) molecules cm(-3) Ancillary measurements including those of O-3, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, H2O, SO2, aerosols, solar flux, and meteorological parameters were also performed to test photochemical theories of OH formation. These measurements also provided a means for comparing air masses at the long path and in situ sites. The intercomparison was very successful with measured values of OH concentration in agreement within one standard error much of the time. OH concentrations were typically low, rarely above 4 x 10(6) cm(-3), with only slow growth during the morning hours, indicating the possible presence of scavenger species. Model results suggest higher than measured OH concentrations or the presence of scavenger species. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP EISELE, FL (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 38 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18605 EP 18626 DI 10.1029/94JD00740 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700008 ER PT J AU HAN, Y SNIDER, JB WESTWATER, ER MELFI, SH FERRARE, RA AF HAN, Y SNIDER, JB WESTWATER, ER MELFI, SH FERRARE, RA TI OBSERVATIONS OF WATER-VAPOR BY GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS AND RAMAN LIDAR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS; WIND PROFILER; AEROSOLS; LIQUID; SSM/I; RASS AB In November to December 1991, a substantial number of remote sensors and in situ instruments were operated together in Coffeyville, Kansas, during the climate experiment FIRE II. Included in the suite of instruments were (1) the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) three-channel microwave radiometer, (2) the NASA GSFC Raman lidar, (3) ETL radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), and (4) frequent, research-quality radiosondes. The Raman lidar operated only at night and the focus of this portion of the experiment concentrated on clear conditions. The lidar data, together with frequent radiosondes and measurements of temperature profiles (every 15 min) by RASS allowed profiles of temperature and absolute humidity to be estimated every minute. We compared 2-min measurements of brightness temperature (Tb) With calculations of Tb that were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) and Liebe et al. (1993) microwave propagation models, as well as the Waters (1976) model. The comparisons showed the best agreement at 20.6 GHz with the Waters model, with the Liebe et al. (1993) model being best at 31.65 GHz. The results at 90 GHz gave about equal success with the Liebe and Layton (1987) and Liebe et al. (1993) models. Comparisons of precipitable water vapor derived independently from the two instruments also showed excellent agreement, even for averages as short as 2 min. The rms difference between Raman and radiometric determinations of precipitable water vapor was 0.03 cm which is roughly 2%. The experiments clearly demonstrate the potential of simultaneous operation of radiometers and Raman lidars for fundamental physical studies of water vapor. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA. RP HAN, Y (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ETL, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18695 EP 18702 DI 10.1029/94JD01487 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700014 ER PT J AU DELUISI, JJ MATEER, CL THEISEN, D BHARTIA, PK LONGENECKER, D CHU, B AF DELUISI, JJ MATEER, CL THEISEN, D BHARTIA, PK LONGENECKER, D CHU, B TI NORTHERN MIDDLE-LATITUDE OZONE PROFILE FEATURES AND TRENDS OBSERVED BY SBUV AND UMKEHR, 1979-1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; INVERSION ALGORITHM AB A comparison of Umkehr ozone profile data with the reprocessed solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) ozone profile data in the northern middle-latitude region, 30 degrees to 50 degrees N, is reported. Although significant biases exist between the two types of observations, the long-term variations and least squares linear regression trends agree remarkably well over the comparison period of 1979 to 1990. The ozone trend in the upper stratosphere is of the order of -0.9% yr(-1). Near 25 km, little if any trend appears, but a larger negative trend is seen in the lower stratosphere near 15 km. Comparisons show that the average annual ozone cycles in the profiles also agree well. The upper stratospheric ozone results are consistent with photochemical model predictions of ozone depletion near 40 km that are due to the release of anthropogenically produced chlorofluorocarbons. The lower stratospheric ozone trend results are in reasonable agreement with published ozonesonde data trends. It is shown that the ozone trends in the lower stratospheric layers impact significantly on the total ozone trend of the order of -0.47% yr(-1). The good agreement now seen between the two types of observations suggests that the combined ground-based and satellite approach could provide a valuable database for long-term monitoring of stratospheric ozone for trends and extraordinary variations. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. RP DELUISI, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18901 EP 18908 DI 10.1029/94JD01518 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700032 ER PT J AU RAMASWAMY, V BOWEN, MM AF RAMASWAMY, V BOWEN, MM TI EFFECT OF CHANGES IN RADIATIVELY ACTIVE SPECIES UPON THE LOWER STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE GASES; RELATIVE ROLES; CLIMATE CHANGE; OZONE; AEROSOLS; TRENDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; BUDGET AB A one-dimensional radiative-convective model is employed to investigate the thermal effects in the lower stratosphere due to changes in the concentrations of radiatively active species. In particular, we consider the comparative influences due to species that exert surface-troposphere radiative forcings of opposite signs. Two examples of such competing surface-troposphere forcings are (1) increases in the well-mixed greenhouse gases versus increases in tropospheric aerosols and (2) stratospheric ozone loss versus increase in tropospheric ozone. The radiative equilibrium of the lower stratosphere is perturbed both by the local changes in the concentrations of radiatively active species and by the changes in species' concentrations occurring in the troposphere and the middle/upper stratosphere. Perturbations in the concentrations of each of the species, as considered above, leads to a temperature decrease in the lower stratosphere. Relative to the well-mixed greenhouse gases only case, simultaneous increases in these gases and tropospheric aerosols cause a reduction of the net surface-troposphere radiative forcing, thereby diminishing the surface warming. However, since tropospheric aerosols contribute to a cooling of the lower stratosphere, the temperature decrease there is enhanced above that due to trace gases alone, with the aerosol-induced effects scaling approximately linearly with their optical depth. A complete offset of the greenhouse gas surface-troposphere forcing by tropospheric aerosols, while resulting in a null change in the surface temperature, would double the cooling of the lower stratosphere. Increases in tropospheric ozone would enhance the lower stratospheric cooling over and above that caused by the stratospheric ozone depletion. This is in contrast to the cooling and warming effects exerted upon the surface-troposphere system by the stratospheric and the tropospheric ozone changes, respectively. Tropospheric ozone increases of 20% or more can yield a lower stratospheric cooling that is a significant fraction of the effects due to the observed stratospheric ozone loss. Both the surface effects and the enhancement of the lower stratospheric cooling scale approximately linearly with tropospheric ozone increases. RP RAMASWAMY, V (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18909 EP 18921 DI 10.1029/94JD01310 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700033 ER PT J AU REID, GC AF REID, GC TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS IN THE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TOTAL OZONE; TROPOPAUSE; HEIGHT; CYCLE AB Temperature variations in the tropical lower and middle stratosphere are influenced by at least five distinct driving forces. These are (1) the mechanism of the regular seasonal cycle, (2) the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in zonal winds, (3) the semiannual zonal wind oscillation (SAG) at higher levels, (4) El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects driven by the underlying troposphere, and (5) radiative effects, including volcanic aerosol heating. Radiosonde measurements of temperatures from a number of tropical stations, mostly in the. western Pacific region, are used in this paper to examine the characteristic annual and interannual temperature variability in the stratosphere below the 10-hPa pressure level (similar to 31 km) over a time period of 17 years, chosen to eliminate or at least minimize the effect of volcanic eruptions. Both annual and interannual variations are found to show a fairly distinct transition between the lower and the middle stratosphere at about the 35-hPa level (similar to 23 km). The lower stratosphere, below this transition level, is strongly influenced by the ENSO cycle as well as by the QBO. The overall result of the interaction is to modulate the amplitude of the normal stratospheric seasonal cycle and to impose a biennial component on it, so that alternate seasonal cycles are stronger or weaker than normal. Additional modulation by the ENSO cycle occurs at its quasi-period of 3-5 years, giving rise to a complex net behavior. In the middle stratosphere above the transition level, there is no discernible ENSO influence, and departures from the regular semiannual seasonal cycle are dominated by the QBO. Recent ideas on the underlying physical mechanisms governing these variations are discussed, as is the relationship of the radiosonde measurements to recent satellite remote-sensing observations. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP REID, GC (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D9 BP 18923 EP 18932 DI 10.1029/94JD01830 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PH357 UT WOS:A1994PH35700034 ER PT J AU BERKOWITZ, SJ DEOBALDIA, E LUDWIG, KF SKOCPOL, WJ MANKIEWICH, PM ONO, RH BEALL, JA VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA OMALLEY, ML DRABECK, LM POLAKOS, PA AF BERKOWITZ, SJ DEOBALDIA, E LUDWIG, KF SKOCPOL, WJ MANKIEWICH, PM ONO, RH BEALL, JA VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA OMALLEY, ML DRABECK, LM POLAKOS, PA TI INCREASED TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE IN IN-SITU COEVAPORATED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS BY LOW-TEMPERATURE POSTANNEALING SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB In situ coevaporated YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films have a slightly depressed transition temperature T(c), though they have excellent radio-frequency surface resistance characteristics. These films consistently have less orthorhombic strain than laser ablated or post-annealed films. Low temperature (320-420-degrees-C) post-annealing of in situ coevaporated films in 100 kPa of O2 raised T(c) to values as high as 91.5 K with some increase in the orthorhombic strain. All measured thin films show less variation of T(c) with orthorhombic strain than does bulk material. C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215. MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303. AT&T BELL LABS,HOLMDEL,NJ 07733. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 1994 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1587 EP 1589 DI 10.1063/1.112922 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PG925 UT WOS:A1994PG92500038 ER PT J AU GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION IN CP-ASTERISK-IR(CO)2 (CP-ASTERISK=ETA(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) STUDIED BY BROAD-BAND TRANSIENT INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; POPULATION LIFETIMES; LIQUIDS AB Picosecond vibrational energy dynamics involving the symmetric (2020 cm-1) and asymmetric (1953 cm-1) CO-stretching modes of Cp*Ir(CO)2 in room temperature n-hexane is measured using mode specific infrared excitation followed by broadband infrared multichannel probing to generate a transient spectrum. The recovery of the transient bleaching and absorption bands, following 2020 or 1953 cm-1 excitation, yields a upsilon = 1 CO-stretching lifetime T1 = 28 +/- 7 (1sigma) ps. The transitions from upsilon = 7 vibrational states give rise to new absorption features in the transient spectra at 2008, 1994, 1941 and 1930 cm-1. The time evolution of these absorption monitors rapid energy redistribution and equilibration (< 10 ps) between the symmetric and asymmetric CO-stretching modes prior to ground state recovery. RP GRUBBS, WT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,BLDG 221,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 1994 VL 227 IS 4-5 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00848-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PG254 UT WOS:A1994PG25400018 ER PT J AU OSHEA, TJ BROWNELL, RL AF OSHEA, TJ BROWNELL, RL TI ORGANOCHLORINE AND METAL CONTAMINANTS IN BALEEN WHALES - A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Marine Pollution - Mammals and Toxic Contaminants/5th Annual International Symposium of the International-Marine-Biological-Research-Institute CY FEB 06-08, 1993 CL KAMOGAWA, JAPAN SP INT MARINE BIOL RES INST DE ORGANOCHLORINES; METALS; PCBS; WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; REPRODUCTION; MORTALITY ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS EXPOSURE; MICE PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ST LAWRENCE ESTUARY; MARINE MAMMALS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; AROCLOR 1254; TRACE-METALS; BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AB The literature on organochlorine and metal contaminants in tissues of baleen whales includes data for approximately 1000 individuals in 10 species from various oceans of the world. Concentrations of these contaminants in tissues of baleen whales are low. Sources of variation in organochlorine concentrations in whales include age, sex, region of exposure, and feeding habits. Concentrations of SIGMADDT and PCBs in baleen whales appear higher in the northern hemisphere than in the southern oceans, perhaps due to greater contamination of northern ecosystems and a higher incidence of fish in the diet. However, maximum concentrations are generally lower in tissues of baleen whales than in other marine mammal species, both on global and local scales. This is predictable based on the general distribution, habitats and trophic levels of baleen whales. We reviewed laboratory studies on the effects of selected organochlorine contaminants on direct mortality and impaired reproduction in other mammals, and critically examined observations attempting to link organochlorines to reproductive and population effects in marine mammals. There is no firm basis to conclude that the contaminants reviewed herein have affected baleen whale populations. Although more information on contaminants in baleen whales would be of value, as a matter of priority, research and management actions should focus on reducing human-caused mortality and increasing habitat carrying capacity for these species. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP OSHEA, TJ (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 148 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 16 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF441 UT WOS:A1994PF44100007 PM 7973606 ER PT J AU SOMEDA, K NAKAMURA, H MIES, FH AF SOMEDA, K NAKAMURA, H MIES, FH TI SYSTEMATICS OF THE AVERAGE RESONANCE WIDTHS IN OVERLAPPING RESONANCE-SCATTERING AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE RRKM THEORY SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; UNIMOLECULAR REACTION DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION THRESHOLD; MODE SPECIFICITY; S0 FORMALDEHYDE; RATE CONSTANTS; DECAY; INTERFERENCE; SUPPRESSION; MOLECULES AB Decay processes of densely distributed quasi-bound states are studied numerically by randomly generating the Hamiltonian matrices. The average decay rate obtained from the Feshbach theory of resonance scattering exhibits systematic behavior against the average density of states (rho), the number of continua (K) and the average coupling strength to the continua (upsilon). The distribution of the decay rates bifurcates into long-lived and short-lived branches when rho is larger than a certain critical value rho(c), which is found to be roughly equal to the inverse of the 0-th order partial width [gamma(part.)]. Thus one can clearly distinguish the isolated resonance regime in the region rho < rho(c) and overlapping resonance regime in the region rho > rho(c). The states belonging to the short-lived branch exhibit a very broad energy spectrum and are recognized as background continua. They are not quasi-bound states in practice. The decay rates of the long-lived branch, on the other hand, systematically decrease with rho at rho much-greater-than rho(c). The average of these decay rates is proportional to [gamma(part.)]-1K(rho)-2. When the short-lived branch is excluded, the average decay rate, [GAMMA/HBAR], roughly agrees with that of the RRKM rate in the region rho almost-equal-to rho(c), where the spectral profile becomes most diffuse. Outside the region of rho almost-equal-to rho(c), [GAMMA/HBAR] is always smaller than the RRKM rate. The above observational is confirmed also by a square-well potential model and ascertains the conventional belief that the RRKM theory holds only when resonances overlap and that it gives the upper bound. It is noteworthy that this RRKM regime corresponds to the critical overlap, rho[gamma(part.)] almost-equal-to 1. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SOMEDA, K (reprint author), INST MOLEC SCI,DIV THEORET STUDIES,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 187 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00187-1 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PG977 UT WOS:A1994PG97700022 ER PT J AU HOLCOMB, CD VANPOOLEN, LJ AF HOLCOMB, CD VANPOOLEN, LJ TI COEXISTING DENSITIES AND VAPOR-PRESSURES FOR R143 FROM 314-K TO 401-K WITH NEW CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTY ESTIMATES SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE THEORY; CRITICAL DENSITY; EQUATION OF STATE; CARNAHAN-STARLING-DESANTIS; DEITERS; R143; 1,1,2-TRIFLUROETHANE; REFRIGERANT; CRITICAL PARAMETER ID SEMI-EMPIRICAL EQUATION; FLUIDS; STATE AB The coexisting densities and vapor pressures of R143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane) have been measured at NIST from 314 to 401 K. These results were compared with available R143 data. The critical point was not determined experimentally because of the temperature limitations of the apparatus. However, a revised estimate of the critical point based on the new experimental data was obtained by combining a new method of critical temperature estimation with a previously reported method of critical density determination. These data and the data of others were represented by both the Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state and the Deiters equation of state. The Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state better represented the data and is easier to use for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of R143. C1 CALVIN COLL,DEPT ENGN,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49506. RP HOLCOMB, CD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 100 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(94)80011-1 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA PP799 UT WOS:A1994PP79900011 ER PT J AU YAMAMOTO, T SHULL, RD BANDARU, PR COSANDEY, F HAHN, HW AF YAMAMOTO, T SHULL, RD BANDARU, PR COSANDEY, F HAHN, HW TI SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE OF SILVER IRON-OXIDE BY INERT-GAS CONDENSATION SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOCRYSTALS; SUPERPARAMAGNETISM; IRON OXIDE; SILVER; INERT GAS CONDENSATION; MAGNETIC MATERIALS; MAGNETIZATION; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE AB A superparamagnetic nanocomposite of silver and iron oxide was synthesized by gas condensation. The procedure involved (1) coevaporation of Silver and iron, (2) in situ oxidation of iron particles, (3) in situ compaction, and (4) post-annealing in an inert or an oxidizing atmosphere. The magnetization plots against H/T fell on a single curve from room temperature to 160 K, thereby providing evidence of superparamagnetism. Annealing treatment modifies the effective magnetic moment size and saturation value of magnetization. The present process is a potential synthesis route for magnetic nanocomposites useful for applications such as magnetic refrigeration, recording and permanent magnets. C1 NIST,MAGNET MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. TH DARMSTADT,D-64295 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP YAMAMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,ADV SCI & TECHNOL RES INST,1-2 GAKUEN,SAKAI,OSAKA 593,JAPAN. RI Hahn, Horst/G-9018-2011; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI Hahn, Horst/0000-0001-9901-3861; Yamamoto, Takao/0000-0001-8620-6349 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 9B BP L1301 EP L1303 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PJ906 UT WOS:A1994PJ90600005 ER PT J AU WIESENFELD, K BENZ, SP BOOI, PAA AF WIESENFELD, K BENZ, SP BOOI, PAA TI PHASE-LACKED OSCILLATOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ARRAYS OF JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE; LOCKING; CHAOS; STEPS; GHZ AB An overview of phase locking in two-dimensional (2D) arrays of identical Josephson junctions is presented. General design criteria are discussed for optimization of power and linewidth. A harmonic balance technique is used to derive an analytic expression for the fundamental power as a function of bias voltage for a single shunted tunnel junction with an external shunt resistor having parasitic inductance. A linear stability analysis is performed on the in-phase state of 2D arrays in the absence of any external load. Most excitation modes in the 2D array are damped, leading to stable phase locking between parallel junctions within each row; however, within the theoretical model, no mechanisms intrinsic to the array were found to induce phase locking between rows of junctions. The results of these calculations and their impact on and relevance to the design of phase-locked Josephson oscillators are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WIESENFELD, K (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 61 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 76 IS 6 BP 3835 EP 3846 DI 10.1063/1.357387 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PJ117 UT WOS:A1994PJ11700090 ER PT J AU MAYES, AM BARKER, JG RUSSELL, TP AF MAYES, AM BARKER, JG RUSSELL, TP TI SWELLING EFFECTS IN SEMIDILUTE BLOCK-COPOLYMER SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MICROPHASE SEPARATION TRANSITION; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SCREENING LENGTHS; ORDERED STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TOLUENE; POLYSTYRENE AB Small-angle neutron scattering is used to investigate swelling effects in disordered block copolymer solutions in the semidilute regime. Results are compared with Leibler's mean-field analysis for incompressible copolymer melts rescaled by Olvera to account for chain swelling. Semidilute solutions of two copolymers in toluene are considered: poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate-d(8)). The copolymers are found to exhibit the predicted scaling behavior for the characteristic crossover distance (or blob size) as a function of copolymer concentration, phi. However, the shift in the position of the scattering maximum, q*, is seen to have a weaker dependence on concentration than that predicted theoretically. For both systems investigated the peak position scales approximately with concentration as q*similar to phi(0.05). C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. RP MAYES, AM (reprint author), MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 6 BP 5213 EP 5218 DI 10.1063/1.468461 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PF943 UT WOS:A1994PF94300081 ER PT J AU ARNAULT, S CHENEY, RE AF ARNAULT, S CHENEY, RE TI TROPICAL ATLANTIC SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY FROM GEOSAT (1985-1989) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; SURFACE DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; KELVIN WAVES; EL-NINO; ALTIMETRY; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULATION AB Geosat altimeter data between April 1985 and September 1989 are analyzed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. First, improvements due to the use of new corrections and orbit computations are found to be effective, especially in the Gulf of Guinea, where part of the previously missing signal is recovered. Then, the variability of the ocean is examined using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Only three EOFs are needed to describe 80% of the seasonal variance. The first one describes the meridional tilting of the tropical Atlantic along the mean location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, with an annual period. The second describes a mass redistribution due to the equatorial upwelling peaking in June-July. The third function presents a clear semiannual signal. Looking at interannual variability, the first EOF reveals a mass redistribution between the equatorial region (10-degrees-N to 10-degrees-S) and the northern and southern ones (10-degrees-N to 30-degrees-N, 10-degrees-S to 30-degrees-S). In the equatorial region the upper layer volume increases from about - 1.5 to 1.5 x 10(14) m3 between 1987 and 1989. Occurring 1 year after the Pacific El Nino, this phenomenon recalls the 1984 anomaly observed during the Programme Francais Ocean et Climat en Atlantique Tropical/Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic experiments. C1 NOAA,SATELLITE & OCEAN DYNAM BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP ARNAULT, S (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,ORSTROM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C9 BP 18207 EP 18223 DI 10.1029/94JC01301 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PG783 UT WOS:A1994PG78300001 ER PT J AU MOLINARI, RL JOHNS, E AF MOLINARI, RL JOHNS, E TI UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF THE WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; BRAZIL CURRENT RETROFLECTION; SEASONAL CYCLE; SEA-SURFACE; OCEAN; EDDIES; MODEL AB Mean monthly topographies of the 20-degrees-C and 10-degrees-C isothermal surfaces are used to describe the vertical displacements of the upper and lower thermocline in the western tropical Atlantic. The isotherm topographies are generated from expendable bathythermograph data collected between 1966 and 1993. The topographies confirm, and extend closer to the coast, earlier findings that demonstrate large spatial and temporal variability in the region. For example, the ridge and trough systems observed previously in the interior are shown, and their extension to the western boundary is described. In particular, it is shown that the ridge associated with the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) extends from the interior northwestward along the western boundary, reaching farther north along the boundary in the upper thermocline than in the lower thermocline. South of the equator the northwestern corner of the countercurrent trough is apparent on the lower surface but not on the upper. The annual and semiannual harmonics of the vertical isotherm displacements account on the average for about 60% of total variance on both surfaces. The horizontal structure of the first harmonic amplitude is similar for both surfaces, showing maximum amplitude along the axis of the NECC ridge. Minimum amplitudes are observed to the north along the axis of the countercurrent trough. These distributions are similar to the pattern of the first-harmonic amplitude of the wind stress curl, supporting earlier studies of curl forcing of near-surface current features. RP MOLINARI, RL (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C9 BP 18225 EP 18233 DI 10.1029/94JC01204 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PG783 UT WOS:A1994PG78300002 ER PT J AU BOGRAD, SJ STABENO, PJ SCHUMACHER, JD AF BOGRAD, SJ STABENO, PJ SCHUMACHER, JD TI A CENSUS OF MESOSCALE EDDIES IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, ALASKA, DURING 1989 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL CURRENT; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELF; TRANSPORT; GULF; LARVAE; OCEAN AB Over a 5-month period in the spring and summer of 1989, 12 mesoscale eddies were identified crossing a section of moored current meters in the Shelikof sea valley. This represents the first census of mesoscale eddies on the northwestern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. The majority of eddies (7) were observed in May and June. Anticyclonic eddies outnumbered cyclonic eddies two to one, but all had characteristics similar to eddies previously observed in the region. Analysis of the current meter time series revealed that the mean speeds, volume transport, and the structure of the flow at the present location were similar to current meter and hydrographic measurements during other years in the sea valley. We suggest that 1989 and was a typical year in terms of eddy fomation as well. The proliferation of mesoscale eddies in this region in spring has an impact on the larval dispersal and eventual recruitment of walleye pollock. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C9 BP 18243 EP 18254 DI 10.1029/94JC01269 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PG783 UT WOS:A1994PG78300004 ER PT J AU FIEDLER, PC AF FIEDLER, PC TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF COASTAL ZONE COLOR SCANNER PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS AND WINDS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL AB Time series of phytoplankton pigment concentration along coastal and oceanic transects in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean were derived from coastal zone color scanner monthly composite data for November 1978 through June 1986. Seasonal and interannual variability made up about half the total variance of the time series. Seasonal cycles typically consisted of a spring minimum and fall maximum, although many local variations were observed. Interannual variability was as great as seasonal variability and was dominated by the 1982-1983 El Nino event. The decline in pigment concentration during 1983 was less to the west of the Galapagos than to the east and along the Central American coast. Physical forcing of pigment variability was investigated by testing correlations between pigment concentration and wind variables associated with upwelling and mixing. Seasonal cycles and some interannual changes in pigment concentration were correlated with local wind-driven processes that cause variation in primary productivity. Correlations between pigments and local winds in oceanic transects were different at seasonal and interannual scales, implying remote forcing at the interannual timescale. RP FIEDLER, PC (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C9 BP 18371 EP 18384 DI 10.1029/94JC01807 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PG783 UT WOS:A1994PG78300012 ER PT J AU XIE, SP AF XIE, SP TI THE MAINTENANCE OF AN EQUATORIALLY ASYMMETRIC STATE IN A HYBRID COUPLED GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SIMULATION; CYCLE AB An ocean general circulation model is coupled with a simple atmosphere model to investigate the formation mechanism of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific, which is observed in the Northern Hemisphere. The coupled model develops an asymmetric state under conditions symmetric about the equator. The zonal variation in equatorial upwelling leads to pronounced differences between the western and other parts of the ocean. In the western warm water pool region, where the cooling effect of the equatorial upwelling is suppressed, both atmospheric and oceanic surface conditions are symmetric about the equator. On the other hand, in the central region where the upwelling cools the equatorial ocean, a single ITCZ forms off the equator in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, depending on the initial condition. A strong contrast exists in the sea surface temperature SST between the hemispheres; SST is much higher at the latitude of the ITCZ than that on the other side of the equator. This high SST is crucial for the development of deep convection in the ITCZ. An air-sea interaction mechanism, where the wind speed-dependent surface evaporation plays a crucial role, maintains the asymmetric state, confirming the results from a previous two-dimensional model study. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 18 BP 2602 EP 2612 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2602:TMOAEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PG187 UT WOS:A1994PG18700002 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, RH YESAKI, TY BIAGI, CA DONALDSON, EM SWANSON, P CHAN, WK AF DEVLIN, RH YESAKI, TY BIAGI, CA DONALDSON, EM SWANSON, P CHAN, WK TI EXTRAORDINARY SALMON GROWTH SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION; HORMONE; INTEGRATION; GENES C1 NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NATL UNIV SINGAPORE,INST MOLEC & CELL BIOL,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE. NATL UNIV SINGAPORE,DEPT ZOOL,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE. RP DEVLIN, RH (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,4160 MARINE DR,W VANCOUVER V7V 1N6,BC,CANADA. RI Chan, Woon Khiong/A-8064-2008 NR 10 TC 274 Z9 292 U1 3 U2 36 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6494 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1038/371209a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PG290 UT WOS:A1994PG29000036 ER PT J AU FREILIKHER, V PUSTILNIK, M YURKEVICH, I TATARSKII, VI AF FREILIKHER, V PUSTILNIK, M YURKEVICH, I TATARSKII, VI TI POLARIZATION OF LIGHT SCATTERED FROM SLIGHTLY ROUGH DIELECTRIC FILM SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We found that a slightly rough thin dielectric film polarizes diffusely scattered light. There is a discrete set of angles of incidence and observation for which the intensity of a nonspecular diffuse P-polarized component is significantly greater than that for S polarization. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP FREILIKHER, V (reprint author), BAR ILAN UNIV,JACK & PEARL RESNICK INST ADV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IL-52900 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. RI Yurkevich, Igor/A-6037-2013 NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1382 EP 1384 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001382 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PJ264 UT WOS:A1994PJ26400002 PM 19855526 ER PT J AU FRENKEL, A ZHANG, ZM AF FRENKEL, A ZHANG, ZM TI BROAD-BAND HIGH-OPTICAL-DENSITY FILTERS IN THE INFRARED SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new concept for the design of broadband (2-25 mu m and beyond) neutral-density filters in the infrared region without etaloning effects is proposed and demonstrated. One important aspect of the technique is to use metallic-thin-film (10-200-nm-thick) multilayer combinations deposited onto different substrates (ZnSe, CdTe, Lexan). Neutral-density filters with optical densities as high as 4 are designed and built in the broadband region (2-25 mu m). Another key innovation is the use of ultrathin substrates (similar to 100 nm thick) for elimination of etaloning effects normally present in thick (>0.5-mm) substrates. Neutral-density filters with such ultrathin substrates are also designed and investigated. RP FRENKEL, A (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1495 EP 1497 DI 10.1364/OL.19.001495 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA PJ264 UT WOS:A1994PJ26400040 PM 19855564 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR SPETZLER, HA AF HANSON, DR SPETZLER, HA TI TRANSIENT CREEP IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC, IRON-BEARING OLIVINE SINGLE-CRYSTAL - MECHANICAL RESULTS AND DISLOCATION MICROSTRUCTURES SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; LOWER MANTLE RHEOLOGY; STEADY-STATE CREEP; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; VISCOSITY; GROWTH; FLOW; FORSTERITE; RECOVERY; SAMPLES AB This study examines transient creep of single crystals of both natural and synthetic iron-bearing olivine under uniaxial compression (0.1 MPa confining pressure and loads of 25-30 MPa) at high temperature (1650 K) and controlled oxygen fugacity. Natural samples were obtained from San Carlos, Arizona, and synthetic crystals were grown at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Samples were deformed in the [110]c and [101]c orientations, corresponding to the softest and intermediate strength orientations, respectively, as determined from steady-state creep tests. Dislocation microstructures were examined for samples unloaded at 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 5% strain. At 0% strain the dislocation density and morphology were lower and less complex in the synthetic olivine than in San Carlos samples. Nearly all microstructures initially present in undeformed material were overwritten by 0.1% strain. With further straining, little change in microstructure occurred to the 5% strain limit tested here. Dislocation microstructures in [101]c samples were consistent with the activation of the [100](001) and [001](100) slip systems. Microstructures formed in [110]c samples matched those expected from activation of a single slip system [100](010). These slip systems are the same as those identified as responsible for steady-state creep under similar temperature, oxygen fugacity and stress conditions. Both natural and synthetic crystals deformed under constant stress in [101]c showed normal strain hardening with initial strain rates about an order of magnitude higher than those at 5% strain. After an initial high strain rate that was roughly equal in both sample types, the synthetic samples deformed at higher rates than the natural crystals. Crystals in the [110]c orientation deformed in a strikingly different manner. San Carlos olivine showed inverse or strain-softening creep in the first 1-2% strain, after which there is weak evidence suggesting a change to strain-hardening behavior. The temporal strain behavior of synthetic olivine in [110]c is strongly sigmoidal. An inflection point at 1% strain marks the change from inverse to normal transient creep. In the [110]c orientation, steady-state creep was not attained for synthetic samples in the 5% strain limit tested here. These results imply that anisotropic transient creep may exist in the upper mantle, complicating rheological models of post-glacial rebound. The transient creep observed in the [110]c orientation illustrates that the strain-hardening Burgers body model is not universally applicable. The (100)[010] slip system is not always the softest system in: the- transient regime. Strain may initially be - accommodated primarily in the [100](001), duplex system. Finally, the transient regime has been shown to extend to several percent strain (in the [110]c orientation), making transient creep potentially important in modelling initial post-glacial rebound. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 235 IS 4 BP 293 EP 315 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90191-0 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PL059 UT WOS:A1994PL05900001 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL BENZ, SP REINTSEMA, CD AF KAUTZ, RL BENZ, SP REINTSEMA, CD TI LARGE-AMPLITUDE SHAPIRO STEPS AND SELF-FIELD EFFECTS IN HIGH-T(C) JOSEPHSON WEAK LINKS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONS; NOISE AB We demonstrate contiguous Shapiro steps of orders 0 and 1 having amplitudes of 1 mA in a YBa2Cu3O7-delta step-edge junction operated at 38 K, A wide-junction model that includes self-field effects explains why the observed step amplitudes are smaller than expected from the resistively shunted point-junction model. In spite of their reduced amplitudes, the observed steps are suitable for use in a proposed rapidly programmable Josephson voltage standard. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 1994 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1445 EP 1447 DI 10.1063/1.112010 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA PG223 UT WOS:A1994PG22300039 ER PT J AU MALONEY, PR BEGELMAN, MC REES, MJ AF MALONEY, PR BEGELMAN, MC REES, MJ TI RADIATIVE EXCITATION OF MOLECULES NEAR POWERFUL COMPACT RADIO-SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (CYGNUS A); GALAXIES, ISM; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES ID SEYFERT-GALAXIES; CYGNUS-A AB In a recent paper, Barvainis & Antonucci searched for and failed to detect CO J = 1-0 absorption from the obscuring torus in the nearby powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A. We show that a plausible explanation for the lack of absorption (assuming that the ionization parameter within the torus is low enough for the gas to be molecular) is that radiative excitation of the CO molecules by the nonthermal radio continuum inreases the excitation temperature of the lower rotational levels substantially, reducing the optical depths. The excitation temperature may approach the brightness temperature of the radio source at high enough flux-to-density ratios. Heating of the gas by the nonthermal excitation may also be important. We discuss the region of parameter space in which this excitation mechanism will be important and the implications for observations of obscuring tori. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MALONEY, PR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 2 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1086/174599 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE877 UT WOS:A1994PE87700019 ER PT J AU CUNTZ, M RAMMACHER, W ULMSCHNEIDER, P AF CUNTZ, M RAMMACHER, W ULMSCHNEIDER, P TI CHROMOSPHERIC HEATING AND METAL DEFICIENCY IN COOL GIANTS - THEORETICAL RESULTS VERSUS OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HYDRODYNAMICS; SHOCK WAVES; STARS, ABUNDANCES; STARS, CHROMOSPHERES; STARS, GIANTS; WAVES ID LATE-TYPE STARS; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; ALPHA-TAURI; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION; DWARFS; REDISTRIBUTION AB We compute acoustic shock wave-heated chromosphere models fbr moderately cool giant stars which differ greatly in metallicity. Subsequently, we simulate the emerging Mg II k lines assuming partial redistribution. The initial acoustic energy fluxes and the wave periods are taken from acoustic wave generation calculations based on traditional convection zone models. We find that the Mg II and Ca II core emissions are close to the observed basal flux limits which are common for giants and dwarfs. In addition, we find that the Mg II core emission is independent of the metallicity, in agreement with observations. We argue that these results should be considered as further evidence that the basal flux limits are indeed due to acoustic shock heating. The acoustic heating mechanism seems to be dominant in all nonmagnetic nonpulsating late-type stars. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,ADV STUDIES PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST THEORET ASTROPHYS,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CUNTZ, M (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 59 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 2 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1086/174608 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE877 UT WOS:A1994PE87700028 ER PT J AU KUZNETSOV, IA SEREBROV, AP STEPANENKO, IV ALDUSHCHENKOV, AV LASAKOV, MS KOKIN, AA MOSTOVOI, YA YEROZOLIMSKY, BG DEWEY, MS AF KUZNETSOV, IA SEREBROV, AP STEPANENKO, IV ALDUSHCHENKOV, AV LASAKOV, MS KOKIN, AA MOSTOVOI, YA YEROZOLIMSKY, BG DEWEY, MS TI NEW MEASUREMENTS OF THE ANTINEUTRINO-SPIN ASYMMETRY IN BETA-DECAY OF THE NEUTRON AND RESTRICTION FOR MASS OF W-R SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIGHT-HANDED CURRENTS; SEARCH AB New results of measurements of neutron antineutrino-spin asymmetry coefficient B in the beta decay of polarized neutrons are reported. This work was carried out on the polarized neutron vertical channel of the WWR-M reactor at PNPI (Gatchina). The value of the antineutrino spin asymmetry coefficient was obtained from the results of measurements of the experimental asymmetry, x=BP=0.6617+/-0.0044, and from the results of measurements of the beam polarization, P=(66.88+/-0.22)%: B=0.9894+/-0.0083. This allows us to place restrictions on M(WR): M(WR) > 282 GeV/c(2)(90% c.l.). (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics. C1 IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,MOSCOW 123182,RUSSIA. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KUZNETSOV, IA (reprint author), PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST,GATCHINA 188350,RUSSIA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PM937 UT WOS:A1994PM93700002 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ CACIARI, M AF BRUNO, TJ CACIARI, M TI RETENTION OF HALOCARBONS ON A HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE EPOXIDE-MODIFIED GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK .2. ETHANE-BASED COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article AB The retention characteristics of 18 ethane-based chlorofluorocarbon, bromochlorofluorocarbon and fluorocarbon fluids have been studied as a function of temperature on a stationary phase consisting of a 5% (mass/mass) coating of a low-molecular-mass polymer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide on a graphitized carbon black adsorbent. Measurements were made at -20, 0, 20 and 40 degrees C for hexafluoroethane (R-116), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R-143), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and fluoroethane (R161). Measurements were made at 40, 60, 80 and 100 degrees C for 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114), 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114a), chloropentafluoroethane (R-115), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-133a), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), and 1-chloroethane (R-160). Measurements were performed at 60, 80, 100 and 120 degrees C for 1-bromo-2-chlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114B1). Net retention volumes, corrected to a column temperature of 0 degrees C, were calculated from retention time measurements, the logarithms of which were fitted against reciprocal thermodynamic temperature. The relative retentions, also as a function of temperature, were calculated with respect to the retention of tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane. Qualitative features of the data are examined, and trends are identified. In addition, the data were fitted to linear models for the purpose of predicting retention behavior of these compounds to facilitate chromatographic analysis. C1 FT LUPTON HIGH SCH,FT LUPTON,CO. RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 9 PY 1994 VL 679 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80318-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PH107 UT WOS:A1994PH10700013 ER PT J AU WATSON, AJ LAW, CS VANSCOY, KA MILLERO, FJ YAO, W FRIEDERICH, GE LIDDICOAT, MI WANNINKHOF, RH BARBER, RT COALE, KH AF WATSON, AJ LAW, CS VANSCOY, KA MILLERO, FJ YAO, W FRIEDERICH, GE LIDDICOAT, MI WANNINKHOF, RH BARBER, RT COALE, KH TI MINIMAL EFFECT OF IRON FERTILIZATION ON SEA-SURFACE CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; SEAWATER; OCEAN AB IT has long been hypothesized that iron concentrations limit phytoplankton productivity in some parts of the ocean(1-3). As a result, iron may have played a role in modulating atmospheric CO2 levels between glacial and interglacial times(4), and it has been proposed(5) that large-stale deposition of iron in the ocean might be an effective way to combat the rise of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. As part of an experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean(6), we observed the effect on dissolved CO2 of enriching a small (8 x 8 km) patch of water with iron. We saw significant depression of surface fugacities of CO2 within 48 hours of the iron release, which did not change systematically after that time. But the effect was only a small fraction (similar to 10%) of the CO2 drawdown that would have occurred had the enrichment resulted in the complete utilization of ail the available nitrate and phosphate. Thus artificial fertilization of this ocean region did not cause a very large change in the surface CO2 concentration, in contrast to the effect observed in incubation experiments(3), where addition of similar concentrations of iron usually results in complete depletion of nutrients. Although our experiment does not necessarily mimic all circumstances under which iron deposition might occur naturally, our results do not support the idea that iron fertilization would significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations. C1 UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEAN MARINE LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. DUKE UNIV,MARINE LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039. RP WATSON, AJ (reprint author), PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,ENGLAND. NR 19 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 13 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 8 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6493 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1038/371143a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PF191 UT WOS:A1994PF19100059 ER PT J AU GREEN, MA KURMOO, M STALICK, JK DAY, P AF GREEN, MA KURMOO, M STALICK, JK DAY, P TI THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF CUGEO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The crystal structure of CuGeO3, which has been reported to undergo a spin-Peierls transition at 14 K, is determined by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 20 and 4.2 K and the structure refined in the space group Pmma at all three temperatures, ie without displacement of the Cu atoms from a uniform one-dimensional chain; anisotropic broadening of (h0l) reflections, observed in all three data sets, is successfully modelled by an orthorhombic micro-strain along a and c ba perpendicular to Cu-Cu chains. Below 10 K the magnetic susceptibility fits very well to the Bulaevskii model, indicating a ratio of 0.69 between the Cu-Cu exchange constants in the dimerised chain and a mean exchange constant of 88 K. C1 UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-4936 J9 J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM JI J. Chem. Soc.-Chem. Commun. PD SEP 7 PY 1994 IS 17 BP 1995 EP 1996 DI 10.1039/c39940001995 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PF544 UT WOS:A1994PF54400044 ER PT J AU NAPOLITANO, R WEINER, J WILLIAMS, CJ JULIENNE, PS AF NAPOLITANO, R WEINER, J WILLIAMS, CJ JULIENNE, PS TI LINE-SHAPES OF HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTRA OF OPTICALLY COOLED ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL CURVES; ULTRACOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS AB High resolution photoassociation spectra of colliding ultracold trapped atoms contain detailed information about ground and excited state interactions. We calculate the asymmetric line shapes for ultracold Na-2 absorption using a resonance scattering expression, proportional to a free-bound Franck-Condon factor, that is justified by full quantum scattering calculations of a collision in a radiation field. The line shapes illustrate Wigner threshold law behavior, which is characteristic of the quantum limit as T --> 0. Using an adiabatic hyperfine analysis, we calculate and compare a model spectra for J = 1, 2, 3, and 4 features of the Na-2 (IIg)-I-1(v = 48) state to recent high resolution experimental data. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP NAPOLITANO, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Napolitano, Reginaldo/H-1034-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 17 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1352 EP 1355 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1352 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PE727 UT WOS:A1994PE72700011 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI ULTRAFAST TRANSIENT INFRARED-ABSORPTION STUDIES OF M(CO)6 (M=CR, MO OR W) PHOTOPRODUCTS IN N-HEXANE SOLUTION SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES; EXCITED-STATES; CR(CO)6; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PENTACARBONYLS; DISSOCIATION; PHASE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; HEXACARBONYLS AB Following UV excitation, M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo or W) species in solution lose one CO ligand, and a solvent molecule occupies the vacant site. These photochemical reactions are studied using a transient broadband IR absorption technique with 390 fs time resolution. The progress of these reactions, including loss of the M(CO)6 reactant, appearance of a solvated M(CO)5(n-hexane) product and vibrational energy distribution and relaxation of the product, is monitored through changes in infrared absorption by the CO ligands near 2000 cm-1. RP DOUGHERTY, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 1994 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00812-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PE835 UT WOS:A1994PE83500004 ER PT J AU GOLDBAUM, FA FIELDS, BA CAUERHFF, A YSERN, X HOUDUSSE, A EISELE, JL POLJAK, RJ MARIUZZA, RA AF GOLDBAUM, FA FIELDS, BA CAUERHFF, A YSERN, X HOUDUSSE, A EISELE, JL POLJAK, RJ MARIUZZA, RA TI CRYSTALLIZATION AND PRELIMINARY-X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF AN IDIOTOPE-ANTI-IDIOTOPE FV-FV COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE FV FRAGMENT; IDIOTOPE CRYSTALLIZATION; X-RAY ANALYSIS ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE DOMAINS; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; BINDING; ANTIBODIES; RECOGNITION; LYSOZYME; PROTEINS; CONTACT; SURFACE AB A complex between the Fv fragment of an anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme antibody (D1.3) and the Fv fragment of an antibody specific for an idiotypic determinant of D1.3 has been crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. Both Fv fragments were expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography; diffraction-quality crystals were only obtained following separation of each Fv into distinct isoelectric forms. The crystals belong to space group C2, have unit cell dimensions a = 152.8 Angstrom, b = 79.4 Angstrom, c = 51.5 Angstrom, beta = 100.2 degrees, and diffract to better than 2.2 Angstrom resolution. The solvent content of the crystals is approximately 60% (v/v) with one Fv-Fv complex in the asymmetric unit. The ability to readily express both components of an antigen-antibody system in bacteria will allow us to rigorously assess the energetic contribution of individual amino acids to complex formation through pairwise mutagenesis of interacting residues. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NIST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. INST PASTEUR,F-75724 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 2 PY 1994 VL 241 IS 5 BP 739 EP 743 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1549 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PE383 UT WOS:A1994PE38300010 PM 8071997 ER PT J AU CHEN, LQ SIMMONS, JA AF CHEN, LQ SIMMONS, JA TI MICROSCOPIC MASTER EQUATION APPROACH TO DIFFUSION TRANSFORMATION IN INHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS SINGLE-SITE APPROXIMATION AND DIRECT EXCHANGE MECHANISM SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATIONS; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLINE CONFIGURATIONS; LONG-RANGE; ATOMIC MOBILITY; KINETIC PATHS; ALLOYS; PHASE; PRECIPITATION; INTERMETALLICS AB A computer simulation technique based on microscopic master equations is developed for modeling the dynamics of morphological evolution during diffusional phase transformations in binary solid solutions including barrierless nucleation of ordered domains, subsequent domain growth and coalescence, coarsening of antiphase domains, compositional phase separation, Ostwald ripening, and kinetics of simultaneous ordering and phase separation. Assuming a direct exchange mechanism for atomic diffusion and using the single-site approximation, the kinetic equations produce equilibrium states closer to the Bethe approximation than the Bragg-Williams approximation. Computer simulation examples of microstructural evolution during ordering, spinodal decomposition, and simultaneous ordering and phase separation in a binary solid solution are presented using a second-neighbor interaction model. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP CHEN, LQ (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2943 EP 2954 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90392-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA PB268 UT WOS:A1994PB26800005 ER PT J AU PANDEY, PC AF PANDEY, PC TI TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE-MEDIATED FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR NADH COUPLED WITH DEHYDROGENASE ENZYMES SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; PASTE ELECTRODE; POLYETHYLENIMINE AB A flow injection analysis (FIA) sensor for the oxidation of NADH is reported. The system utilizes a graphite paste electrode modified with the electroactive material tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). TCNQ acts as an efficient mediator for the oxidation of NADH to biologically active NAD(+). Alcohol dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase and NAD(+) were coimmobilized in TCNQ-modified graphite paste using polyethylenimine to develop a FIA sensor for ethanol/lactate. The system responded rapidly with wide linearity. Response curves for ethanol/lactate and NADH are reported, (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP PANDEY, PC (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 221 IS 2 BP 392 EP 396 DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1431 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PD584 UT WOS:A1994PD58400027 PM 7810883 ER PT J AU MILLER, PA BARTH, MF VANDEKAMP, DW SCHLATTER, TW WEBER, BL WUERTZ, DB BREWSTER, KA AF MILLER, PA BARTH, MF VANDEKAMP, DW SCHLATTER, TW WEBER, BL WUERTZ, DB BREWSTER, KA TI AN EVALUATION OF 2 AUTOMATED QUALITY-CONTROL METHODS DESIGNED FOR USE WITH HOURLY WIND PROFILER DATA SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; RASS AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has completed the installation of 30-site demonstration network of wind-profiling radars in the central United States. The network is being used to demonstrate and assess the utility of wind profiler technology in a quasi-operational environment, and to help define operational requirements for possible future national networks. This paper describes two automated quality control methods designed to remove erroneous winds from the hourly network data. Case study examples and statistical evaluation of the performance of each method are also presented. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP MILLER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Schlatter, Thomas /E-7480-2015 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 12 IS 8 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1007/s00585-994-0711-2 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PF491 UT WOS:A1994PF49100002 ER PT J AU HANSON, SG CHURNSIDE, JH WILSON, JJ AF HANSON, SG CHURNSIDE, JH WILSON, JJ TI REMOTE-SENSING OF WIND VELOCITY AND STRENGTH OF REFRACTIVE TURBULENCE USING A 2-SPATIAL-FILTER RECEIVER SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATION AB Wind velocity across an optical path and refractive turbulence strength can be measured by observing a light source through the atmosphere with a receiver that contains two spatial filters. The frequency of the detected signal gives the transverse velocity of the turbulent structure, whereas signal intensity is proportional to refractive turbulence strength. The size of turbulent eddies that produce signals is determined by the optical setup. The position along the detector's field of view at which the measurement is made depends on the separation of the filters, and profiles can be made by varying the separation and using a telescope. The system requires longer integration times than one which uses a spatial filter at each end of the optical path, but it has the advantage of being able to use a natural source such as the Sun or a planet. An analysis of the system is presented along with numerical simulations and results from a short-range (several meters) laboratory experiment. The analysis assumes a single layer of refractive turbulence. Scales of the refractive turbulence in the inertial subrange from 5 to 20 cm will be of primary interest for this method. C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP HANSON, SG (reprint author), RISO NATL LAB, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK. RI Hanson, Steen/E-6542-2010; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 25 BP 5859 EP 5868 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA PF320 UT WOS:A1994PF32000002 PM 20935989 ER PT J AU ASMAIL, C HSIA, J PARR, A HOEFT, J AF ASMAIL, C HSIA, J PARR, A HOEFT, J TI RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING LIMITS FOR LOW-LEVEL BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (BRDF); EQUIVALENT BRDF; INSTRUMENT-SIGNATURE MEASUREMENTS; INSTRUMENTATION; OPTICAL SCATTER FROM SURFACES; PHOTON SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EQUIVALENT BRDF; VERTICALLY POLARIZED INCIDENT LIGHT AB The objective is to estimate the Rayleigh limit in bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements caused by air in the laboratory, the wavelength, and the path length of light in the receiver field of view. Moreover, we intend to show the trend for the reduction of this limit by introducing a medium with small refractive index and by using a longer wavelength. Although the BRDF typically describes the angular distribution of scattered light from surfaces, the expression describing the equivalent BRDF caused by the optical scattering from gas molecules in the optical path is derived through the use of the Rayleigh scattering theory. The instrumentation is described, and the experimental results of the equivalent BRDF caused by gas scattering from molecules in clear air, nitrogen, and helium gases are reported. These results confirm the trends of the prediction. C1 USAF, OFF SECRETARY, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP ASMAIL, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 25 BP 6084 EP 6091 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA PF320 UT WOS:A1994PF32000038 PM 20936025 ER PT J AU ZIBROV, AS FOX, RW ELLINGSEN, R WEIMER, CS VELICHANSKY, VL TINO, GM HOLLBERG, L AF ZIBROV, AS FOX, RW ELLINGSEN, R WEIMER, CS VELICHANSKY, VL TINO, GM HOLLBERG, L TI HIGH-RESOLUTION DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF CALCIUM SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER-FREE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL RAMSEY FRINGE; FREQUENCY-STABILIZATION; ATOMIC-BEAM; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; LINE; TRANSITION; STRONTIUM; RESONATOR; STANDARD AB Saturated-absorption signals on the calcium 657 nm transition are observed by direct absorption using diode lasers and a high flux atomic-beam cell. Linewidths as narrow as 65 kHz are observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Prospects for using this system as a compact wavelength/frequency reference are considered. C1 LEBEDEV INST PHYS,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. SINTEF,DELAB,N-7034 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. UNIV NAPLES,DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. RP ZIBROV, AS (reprint author), NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014; OI Tino, Guglielmo M./0000-0002-7944-9825 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1007/BF01081401 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA PF308 UT WOS:A1994PF30800010 ER PT J AU GEORGE, JC PHILO, LM HAZARD, K WITHROW, D CARROLL, GM SUYDAM, R AF GEORGE, JC PHILO, LM HAZARD, K WITHROW, D CARROLL, GM SUYDAM, R TI FREQUENCY OF KILLER-WHALE (ORCINUS-ORCA) ATTACKS AND SHIP COLLISIONS BASED ON SCARRING ON BOWHEAD WHALES (BALAENA-MYSTICETUS) OF THE BERING-CHUKCHI-BEAUFORT SEAS STOCK SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE BOWHEAD WHALE; KILLER WHALE; ALASKAN ESKIMOS; WHALING; SCARRING; SHIP WHALE COLLISION; PROPELLER INJURY ID POINT-BARROW; PREDATION; ALASKA AB Bowhead whales of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock harvested by Alaskan Eskimos were examined for scars from killer whale and ship-collision injuries. We estimated that the frequency of scars from killer whale attacks ranged from 4.1% to 7.9% (depending on our confidence that the whale was properly examined) while about 1% exhibited scars from ship collisions. The frequency of killer whale scars was considerably lower than for bowhead whales of the Davis Strait stock and for other baleen whales where data are available, and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for whales < 13 m. Patterns for both types of scars were quite similar to those reported for other cetacean species. Spaces between rake marks were within the range of interdental measurements from four killer whale skulls. The occurrence of attempted killer whale predation and ship strikes inferred from scars has not prevented the BCBS stock from increasing. C1 NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,BARROW,AK 99723. RP GEORGE, JC (reprint author), N SLOPE BOROUGH DEPT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,BARROW,AK 99723, USA. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA PJ508 UT WOS:A1994PJ50800005 ER PT J AU KEY, J MASLANIK, JA PAPAKYRIAKOU, T SERREZE, MC SCHWEIGER, AJ AF KEY, J MASLANIK, JA PAPAKYRIAKOU, T SERREZE, MC SCHWEIGER, AJ TI ON THE VALIDATION OF SATELLITE-DERIVED SEA-ICE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC CLIMATE; SEA ICE; AVHRR ID CHANNELS; SNOW AB The surface temperature of sea ice controls the rate of ice growth and heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. An algorithm for the satellite retrieval of ice surface temperature has recently been published, but due to the lack of validation data has not been extensively tested. In this paper, data from a recent Arctic field experiment is used in an attempt to validate that algorithm. While the procedure is, in principle, straightforward, we demonstrate that validation is complicated by a variety of factors, including incorrectly assumed atmospheric conditions, undetected clouds in the satellite data, spatial and temporal variability in the surface temperature field, and surface and satellite measurement errors. Comparisons between surface temperatures determined from upwelling broadband longwave radiation, spatial measurements of narrow-band radiation, thermocouples buried just below the snow surface, and narrow-band satellite data show differences of 1 to 3-degrees-C. The range in these independent measurements indicates the need for specially designed validation experiments utilizing narrow-band radiometers on aircraft to obtain broad spatial coverage. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR POLAR SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98105. UNIV WATERLOO,EARTH OBSERVAT LAB,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP KEY, J (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 280 EP 287 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA PJ508 UT WOS:A1994PJ50800008 ER PT J AU DEABREU, RA KEY, J MASLANIK, JA SERREZE, MC LEDREW, EF AF DEABREU, RA KEY, J MASLANIK, JA SERREZE, MC LEDREW, EF TI COMPARISON OF IN-SITU AND AVHRR-DERIVED BROAD-BAND ALBEDO OVER ARCTIC SEA-ICE SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE SEA ICE; ALBEDO; REMOTE SENSING; AVHRR; ANISOTROPY ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SURFACE; SNOW; MODEL; CALIBRATION; AEROSOLS; EARTH; BAND AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are used to extract broadband sea ice surface albedos from narrowband channel 1 and 2 top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiances. Corrections for the intervening atmosphere, viewing geometry and sensor spectral response are applied to the satellite data. Atmospheric correction increases TOA albedos by 27 to 32%. After removing the effects of viewing geometry, surface albedo variability between orbits decreases. The satellite-derived surface albedo over snow-covered sea ice corrected for viewing geometry range from 0.68 to 0.82. The residual diurnal variability is attributed to uncertainties in the atmospheric and anisotropic corrections of the satellite data. After comparison with coincidental in situ measurements, AVHRR albedos corrected for the intervening atmosphere and viewing geometry agreed favorably with surface measurements. The high variability in surface measurements reflects the difficulty in measuring surface albedos over areas consistent with those of a typical AVHRR pixel. In order to develop a reliable methodology for using these satellite data to derive sea ice albedo, an improved understanding of both the atmosphere's behavior over the long path lengths common to the Arctic and the anisotropic nature of snow-covered sea ice reflectance is required. Furthermore, any seasonal characteristics of these factors must be addressed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV WATERLOO,INST SPACE & TERR SCI,EARTH OBSERVAT LAB,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP DEABREU, RA (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,INST SPACE & TERR SCI,DEPT GEOG,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 288 EP 297 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA PJ508 UT WOS:A1994PJ50800009 ER PT J AU ARAV, N LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC AF ARAV, N LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC TI RADIATIVE ACCELERATION IN OUTFLOWS FROM BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS .2. WIND MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES; QUASARS, GENERAL ID DRIVEN; EMISSION; INSTABILITIES; SCATTERING; NUCLEI AB We investigate the dynamics of radiatively driven broad absorption-line (BAL) outflows in quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) by developing radial and time-independent numerical models. Two limits are explored. The first assumes that the absorbing matter is not forced to comove with the substrate, which provides pressure confinement. This assumption allows us to explore in detail a case in which the acceleration is entirely due to radiation pressure. Using the parameters inferred from observations, we find that under these conditions radiative acceleration (mainly due to resonance line scattering) can readily accelerate the flow to the observed velocities. An important feature of the noncoupled flow is that the line profiles tend to stay relatively flat throughout the velocity interval covered by the line. We discuss how relaxing the assumptions of radial symmetry and time independence may help to explain the structures observed in BALs. In the second class of models, the absorbing flow is assumed to be completely coupled to the substrate in which it is embedded. Aside from being more plausible physically, these models produce line profiles that trail off at higher velocities, a behavior observed in some BALs. We show that, even if the substrate is massless, we have to assume a starting radius very close to the inferred radius of the broad emission-line region (approximately 0.1 pc) in order to obtain a significant contribution from radiative acceleration, given a typical AGN spectrum. The reason is that the energy input needed to pressurize the substrate, allowing the flow to become supersonic and to retain a reasonable ionization equilibrium, at the same time contributes appreciably to the acceleration. A way to relax the small starting radius constraint is to use a softer ionizing spectrum. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 28 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1086/174549 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100008 ER PT J AU DELAUDER, SF MAURO, JM POULOS, TL WILLIAMS, JC SCHWARZ, FP AF DELAUDER, SF MAURO, JM POULOS, TL WILLIAMS, JC SCHWARZ, FP TI THERMODYNAMICS OF HYDROGEN-CYANIDE AND HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE BINDING TO CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE AND ITS ASN-82-]ASP MUTANT SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND ES AB The thermodynamics of binding of fluoride and cyanide to cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) and its Asn-82-->Asp mutant (D82CCP) in phosphate and acetate buffer at an ionic strength of 0.15 mol.kg(-1) from pH 5.0 to 7.1 were investigated by titration calorimetry at 289 and 297 K. The binding reactions are en thalpically driven. The fluoride-binding constants determined from the titration calorimetry results were in agreement with those determined from difference-spectroscopy measurements. For cyanide binding to CCP at 297.9 K, the binding constant decreased from 8.95(+/-0.83) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 7.0 to 4.04(+/-0.23) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 5.0, and the binding enthalpy increased from -57.2 +/- 1.4 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 7.0 to -48.6 +/- 1.8 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 5.0. For fluoride binding to CCP, the binding constant increased from 8.41(+/-0.54) x 10(3) M(-1) at pH 7.0 to 3.11(+/-0.09) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 5.0 and the binding enthalpy increased from -71.9 +/- 1.1 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 7.0 to -67.0 +/- 1.9 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 5.0. The binding enthalpies for D82CCP were about the same as those for CCP. However, the binding constants for cyanide and fluoride to D82CCP were respectively a factor of two less and at least an order of magnitude less than the corresponding binding constants of CCP. Decreased ligand-binding strength in the D82CCP mutant is thus entirely due to entropic effects. C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM,IRVINE,CA 92717. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42614] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 302 BP 437 EP 442 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PF657 UT WOS:A1994PF65700019 PM 8092995 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, RM MACKEY, EA PAUL, RL AF LINDSTROM, RM MACKEY, EA PAUL, RL TI ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GUIDED NEUTRON BEAMS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-93) CY 1993 CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy HO UNIV AGR DE COLD NEUTRONS; NEUTRON GUIDE; PROMPT-GAMMA ACTIVATION ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES; MULTIELEMENT ANALYSIS; RESEARCH FACILITY; CAPTURE THERAPY; COLD; SCATTERING; BORON; STANDARDS; ELEMENTS AB Guided beams of thermal and cold neutrons have become available to analysts at several reactors during the past decade. The very pure beams from these guides have led to lower backgrounds and higher sensitivities for prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and thus to new applications for this technique. For analytical accuracy, the details of neutron scattering within the sample need to be taken into account; this consideration is especially important for most materials of biological origin. RP LINDSTROM, RM (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 43-5 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1007/BF02917298 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ203 UT WOS:A1994PZ20300006 PM 7710862 ER PT J AU MACKEY, EA AF MACKEY, EA TI EFFECTS OF TARGET TEMPERATURE ON ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITIES OF COLD-NEUTRON CAPTURE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-93) CY 1993 CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy HO UNIV AGR DE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; COLD NEUTRONS; NEUTRON SCATTERING; TARGET TEMPERATURE AND SENSITIVITY ID SCATTERING AB Cold-neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis sensitivities are often decreased because of an increase in the average neutron energy on scattering within room temperature targets. Experiments were performed to determine whether target cooling would alleviate these effects. Cooling the targets to 77 K increased hydrogen sensitivity by as much as 25%. Target cooling decreases those effects of neutron scattering on CNPGAA sensitivities that are the result of an increased average neutron energy. However, cold-neutron scattering may also change the average path length traveled, and this effect on sensitivity is not alleviated by controlling temperature. RP MACKEY, EA (reprint author), NIST,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 43-5 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF02917305 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ203 UT WOS:A1994PZ20300013 PM 7710816 ER PT J AU LAMBERTY, A LAPITAJS, G VANNEVEL, L GOTZ, A MOODY, JR ERDMANN, DE DEBIEVRE, P AF LAMBERTY, A LAPITAJS, G VANNEVEL, L GOTZ, A MOODY, JR ERDMANN, DE DEBIEVRE, P TI THE IRMM INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM (IMEP) - IMEP-3-TRACE ELEMENTS IN SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL-WATER SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-93) CY 1993 CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy HO UNIV AGR DE INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM (IMEP); CERTIFICATION BY ISOTOPE-SPECIFIC METHODS; ISOTOPE DILUTION AB The aim of the IRMM-International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) is to test out a possible realization of international measurement comparability for field laboratories through traceability of their measurements to the SI Unit for amount of substance: the mole. In IMEP-3, 10 different trace elements, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Pb, Rb, and Zn, were determined in a synthetic and a natural water by participating laboratories using their routine methods and graphically compared (in coded form) to certified values, established by IRMM and NIST using an isotope-specific method (Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry, Neutron Activation Analysis). The number of participants was 70; 64 laboratories have reported results. The results show a spread of more than 50% asymmetrically around the certified value. The Youden graphs allow evaluation of the overall performance of the laboratories in the IMEP-3 round. C1 UNIV SAARBRUCKEN,SAARBRUCKEN,GERMANY. UNIV ANTWERP,IRMM,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP LAMBERTY, A (reprint author), IRMM,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 43-5 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1007/BF02917360 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ203 UT WOS:A1994PZ20300068 PM 7710875 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, RM AF LINDSTROM, RM TI SUM AND MEAN STANDARD PROGRAMS FOR ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-93) CY 1993 CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy HO UNIV AGR DE PEAK INTEGRATION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; WEIGHTED MEAN ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Two computer programs in use for over a decade in the Nuclear Methods Group at NIST illustrate the utility of standard software: programs widely available and widely used, in which (ideally) well-tested public algorithms produce results that are well understood, and thereby capable of comparison, within the community of users. SUM interactively computes the position, net area, and uncertainty of the area of spectral peaks, and can give better results than automatic peak search programs when peaks are very small, very large, or unusually shaped. MEAN combines unequal measurements of a single quantity, tests for consistency, and obtains the weighted mean and six measures of its uncertainty. RP LINDSTROM, RM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 43-5 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1007/BF02917362 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ203 UT WOS:A1994PZ20300070 PM 7710877 ER PT J AU PENNINGTON, M VOLSTAD, JH AF PENNINGTON, M VOLSTAD, JH TI ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF INTRA-HAUL CORRELATION AND VARIABLE-DENSITY ON ESTIMATES OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM MARINE SURVEYS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE INTRA-CLUSTER CORRELATION; JACKKNIFE; MARINE SURVEYS; RATIO ESTIMATOR; SAMPLING UNIT; SURVEY DESIGN AB In a previous paper (Pennington and Volstad, 1991, Biometrics 47, 717-723); it was suggested that reducing the size of the sampling unit currently used in marine surveys could increase the precision of the resulting density estimates. But if unit size is reduced, fewer animals will be caught during a survey. Concern has been expressed that this reduction in total catch would lower the precision of estimates of population characteristics, such as age and length frequency distributions, of importance for stock management. In this paper we examine the effect of sampling unit size, intra-cluster correlation, and variable density on the precision of estimates of population characteristics. An examination of some survey data indicates that reducing the size of the sampling unit employed and using the time saved to take samples at more locations could also yield more precise estimates of population parameters. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. INST MARINE RES,N-5024 BERGEN,NORWAY. NR 8 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.2307/2532786 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA PL748 UT WOS:A1994PL74800012 ER PT J AU PLANT, AL GUEGUETCHKERI, M YAP, W AF PLANT, AL GUEGUETCHKERI, M YAP, W TI SUPPORTED PHOSPHOLIPID/ALKANETHIOL BIOMIMETIC MEMBRANES - INSULATING PROPERTIES SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OMEGA-HYDROXY THIOL; ADSORBED MONOLAYERS; LIPID-MEMBRANES; BILAYERS; GOLD; ELECTRODES; VESICLES AB A novel model lipid bilayer membrane is prepared by the addition of phospholipid vesicles to alkanethiol monolayers on gold. This supported hybrid bilayer membrane is rugged, easily and reproducibly prepared in the absence of organic solvent, and is stable for very long periods of time. We have characterized the insulating characteristics of this membrane by examining the rate of electron transfer and by impedance spectroscopy. Supported hybrid bilayers formed from phospholipids and alkanethiols are pinhole-free and demonstrate measured values of conductivity and resistivity which are within an order of magnitude of that reported for black lipid membranes. Capacitance values suggest a dielectric constant of 2.7 for phospholipid membranes in the absence of organic solvent. The protein toxin, melittin, destroys the insulating capability of the phospholipid layer without significantly altering the bilayer structure. This model membrane will allow the assessment of the effect of lipid membrane perturbants on the insulating properties of natural lipid membranes. RP PLANT, AL (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 170 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 21 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1126 EP 1133 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA PE377 UT WOS:A1994PE37700021 PM 7811924 ER PT J AU SKRTIC, D EANES, ED AF SKRTIC, D EANES, ED TI EFFECT OF 1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENE-1,1-BISPHOSPHONATE ON MEMBRANE-MEDIATED CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE FORMATION IN MODEL LIPOSOMAL SUSPENSIONS SO BONE AND MINERAL LA English DT Article DE BISPHOSPHONATE (HEBP); CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; LIPOSOMAL MINERALIZATION; MATRIX VESICLE CALCIFICATION ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; ANIONIC LIPOSOMES; IN-VITRO; CALCIFICATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; DIPHOSPHONATES; PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHONATES; INVITRO; TISSUE AB The bisphosphonate,1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP), was examined for its effect on calcium phosphate precipitation in pH 7.4, 22 degrees C suspensions of 7:2:1 phosphatidylcholine (PC):dicetylphosphate (DCP):cholesterol (Chol) and 7:1:1 PC:phosphatidylserine (PS):Chol liposomes. HEBP (0.5-50 mu mol/l) in the suspending medium had little, if any, effect on precipitation that formed inside phosphate-rich (50 mmol/l) aqueous interiors of liposomes as a result of ionophore (X-537A) driven 2.25 mmol/l Ca2+ influxes from the medium. On the other hand, HEBP had a significant negative impact on the subsequent spread of the precipitate into the surrounding medium when the latter was made metastable with 1.5 mmol/l total inorganic phosphate (PO4). The inhibitory effect of HEBP was more strongly felt in the 7PC:1PS:1Chol liposomal suspensions, with only 1 mu mol/l HEBP needed to effectively block extraliposomal precipitation compared to 7.5 mu mol/l for 7PC:2DCP:1Chol suspensions. Direct encapsulation of HEBP (1-1000 mu mol/l) together with PO4 in the aqueous cores of 7PC:2DCP:1Chol liposomes reduced somewhat (similar to 30%) intraliposomal yields and delayed but did not block extraliposomal precipitate development. These results provide a possible physicochemical explanation for the suppression of matrix vesicle initiated mineralization in ectopically-induced osteoid tissue of HEBP treated mice [1]. In particular, the liposome results suggest that membrane phosphatidylserine interactions with mineral may enhance HEBP's effectiveness in vivo. C1 NIST,NATL INST DENT RES,RES ASSOCIATE PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-6009 J9 BONE MINER JI Bone Miner. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80171-7 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PN635 UT WOS:A1994PN63500003 PM 7819829 ER PT J AU CLAVIJO, IE DONALDSON, PL AF CLAVIJO, IE DONALDSON, PL TI SPAWNING BEHAVIOR IN THE LABRID, HALICHOERES-BIVITTATUS, ON ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SUBSTRATES IN ONSLOW BAY, NORTH-CAROLINA, WITH NOTES ON EARLY-LIFE HISTORY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF; WRASSES AB We documented reproductive activity in Halichoeres bivittatus close to the northernmost range of its distribution in the western Atlantic. Observations were made by means of Scuba at a mean depth of 15 m on a reef system consisting of a 10-train car artificial reef and adjacent limestone substrate. The train cars were deployed in 1986 on substrate ranging from limestone colonized by macroalgae to a thin layer of sand over hard substrate. Spawning behavior consisted of the formation of temporary territories defended by terminal phase males. Peak reproductive activity occurred at midday during the months of May and June at temperatures of 21.5-24.5 degrees C. Pair spawning between an initial phase female and a terminal phase male was observed on artificial and natural reef substrata, but interference spawning by small initial phase individuals was observed only on the natural substrate. This difference in reproductive strategy may be due to the ability of small initial phase males to interfere with pair spawnings only on substrates lacking much vertical relief(<0.5 m) and providing macroalgal cover. Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization in the laboratory. Eggs and larvae were reared in tanks and development up to 5 days after fertilization is briefly described. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, NOAA, NURC, GROTON, CT 06340 USA. RP CLAVIJO, IE (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT BIOL SCI, WILMINGTON, NC 28403 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 383 EP 387 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400012 ER PT J AU DEMARTINI, EE BARNETT, AM JOHNSON, TD AMBROSE, RF AF DEMARTINI, EE BARNETT, AM JOHNSON, TD AMBROSE, RF TI GROWTH AND PRODUCTION ESTIMATES FOR BIOMASS-DOMINANT FISHES ON A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARTIFICIAL REEF SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KELP FOREST AB Somatic growth and somatic and gonadal production were estimated during May-November 1989 for six species, comprising most of the standing crop biomass of the fishes on a shallow (10- to 15-m deep), 14-year-old, quarry rock reef (Torrey Pines Artificial Reef #2, TPAR), off La Jolla, California. Growth was estimated from weight-converted length increments of 142 Floy-tagged individuals at liberty for a median of 187 days. Egg production was estimated for females of three taxa (four species) as the product of the weight of batch egg production and spawning frequency (the latter determined from histological evidence of day-old postovulatory follicles). Milt production was deduced from male to female ratios of gonad weights for reproductive fish. Somatic growth rates varied three- to fourfold among the six species and, in part, reflected the distribution of maturity stages of intraspecific populations. On average, the per capita growth rates of taxa dominated by immature stages were faster than those dominated by large adults. Somatic production varied more than somatic growth rates (by a factor of 15), because of additional variations in standing stock biomass among populations. The somatic production of at least one species was underestimated as a result of a tag effect on growth. Weight-specific egg production varied only twofold among the three taxa examined, perhaps because fishes with smaller batch egg productions compensated by spawning more frequently, and vice versa. Estimates of weight-specific milt production further diverged because of the influence of relative testis-to-ovary weights that ranged from a small fraction to unity. Additional variation among taxa in total gonadal (egg plus milt) production was about one-half that of somatic production (a factor of eight). Besides representing interspecific differences in adult biomass, variations in gonadal production reflected intraspecific differences in the biomass contributions of the two sexes within the fraction of adults that were reproductively active. Despite likely substantial underestimates of gametic materials, gonadal production ranged from a large fraction to a large multiple of somatic production among the four species. Our observations suggest that the elaboration of tissue unrelated to yield is nontrivial and represents a major component of energy flow through the fishes in this reef system and perhaps others. C1 MEC ANALYT SYST INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92009. PORT LONG BEACH PLANNING DEPT,LONG BEACH,CA 90802. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP DEMARTINI, EE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 484 EP 500 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400020 ER PT J AU POTTS, TA HULBERT, AW AF POTTS, TA HULBERT, AW TI STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL HABITATS ON FISH AGGREGATIONS IN ONSLOW BAY, NORTH-CAROLINA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE VARIABLES; REEFS; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; ATTRACTION; DEVICES AB Structural complexity of artificial and natural habitats may be responsible for aggregating and maintaining fish populations. Visual assessments of fish assemblages were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, to quantify pelagic and demersal fishes associated with a natural rock outcrop and two experimental treatments of artificial habitats. The vertical relief component of both experimental habitats was held constant, resulting in an experimental design which allowed for a test of the effects of structural volume and complexity on fish abundance and pelagic prey/predator interactions. Experimental habitats were deployed 60 m perpendicular to a natural rock ledge in 25.5 m of seawater and floated 3 m off the bottom. Data supported the hypothesis that fish abundance is directly proportional to structural volume and complexity. Species richness and assemblage similarity indices indicated that experimental habitats deployed 3 m off the substrate and in close proximity to one another aggregated similar fish species regardless of structural volume and complexity. Analyses of pelagic fish abundance data suggested inverse relationships between predator and prey abundance. As shelter availability decreased, pelagic baitfish abundances decreased and predator abundances increased. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,WILMINGTON,NC 28403. RP POTTS, TA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA WILMINGTON,FLORIDA KEYS RES PROGRAM,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,514 CARIBBEAN DR,KEY LARGO,FL 33037, USA. RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 609 EP 622 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400029 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, TD BARNETT, AM DEMARTINI, EE CRAFT, LL AMBROSE, RF PURCELL, LJ AF JOHNSON, TD BARNETT, AM DEMARTINI, EE CRAFT, LL AMBROSE, RF PURCELL, LJ TI FISH PRODUCTION AND HABITAT UTILIZATION ON A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARTIFICIAL REEF SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The feeding habits of fish, their production, and their fidelity to the reef habitat were estimated on and near Torrey Pines Artificial Reef (TPAR) during April-October 1989. Taxonomic and biomass analysis of gut contents and benthic resources suggested that at least 70% of the diet of reef fish was derived from the reef itself and another 20-25% from the ecotone. For most reef fishes, suitable prey was 100 times more abundant in the reef habitat than in adjacent sand habitats. Estimates of somatic production by tagged fish were based on standing stocks, size distribution, and growth rates, and by untagged species, on changes in mean length of a cohort or population biomass over time. Estimated total production of the fish on TPAR was 116 kg, or 649 kg.ha(-1), more than a third of it as gonadal production by the six target species. Production by the sand-bottom fish assemblage, estimated from literature-derived somatic and gonadal production rates and the biomass of trawled fish, was 73 kg hectare year(-1). Calculated reef production was, therefore, about nine times greater than the production of sand-bottom fish. From 30 to 70% of the four species of tagged fish (sheephead, rock wrasse, black perch, and garibaldi) that could be captured by divers were recaptured after 7 months, indicating a high degree of fidelity to the reef. Recapture of 12% of tagged kelp bass via hook-and-line after 7 months and the recapture of five tagged kelp bass of a total of 40 kelp bass caught 1 year later by a sport fishing boat indicate that kelp bass, too, remained associated with the reef for long periods. C1 MEC ANALYT SYST INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92008. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96820. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. SAN DIEGO CTY WATER AUTHOR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP JOHNSON, TD (reprint author), PORT LONG BEACH,LONG BEACH,CA 90802, USA. RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012; OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 709 EP 723 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400038 ER PT J AU FOSTER, KL STEIMLE, FW MUIR, WC KROPP, RK CONLIN, BE AF FOSTER, KL STEIMLE, FW MUIR, WC KROPP, RK CONLIN, BE TI MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF HABITAT REPLACEMENT - CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL REEF IN DELAWARE BAY - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; FOULING COMMUNITY; CAROLINA; ESTUARY AB Artificial reefs are being proposed as mitigation for habitat loss in estuaries and coastal areas. However there is insufficient information to verify that artificial reefs enhance biological resources. To study their value for mitigating habitat loss, 16 prefabricated concrete terraced artificial reef modules were deployed in lower Delaware Bay in 1989. A 5-year monitoring study was begun to assess the artificial reef's value as a long-term habitat and forage area for fishery resources as compared to non-reef habitats in the Bay. After 2 years, the reef modules appear to be physically stable and support biological resources. Fishes, including juveniles, typical of reefs in the region, were observed in and near the reef The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, dominated the epibenthic community that developed on the modules and was primarily responsible for a mean epibenthic biomass density of 24.865 kg.nm-2 (wet wt.) on module surfaces through June 1991. However, this mussel-dominated density was reduced, by approximately 95%, in August 1991 to a mean 0.596 kg.m(-2), with other taxa such as, sponges, corals, and anemones increasing in community importance. In comparison to the epibenthic biomass on the modules, the mean benthic infauna biomass in the silty sand sediments of the reef site ranged from 0.046 to 0.316 kg.m(-2) in 1991. These preliminary results suggest that this artificial reef complex enhanced gross benthic biomass at the reef site by about 147 to 895 fold over the benthic infauna in the study area, based on a standard area of Bay bottom, the reef module ''footprint.'' C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732. US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106. US CORPS ENGINEERS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106. RP FOSTER, KL (reprint author), BATTELLE OCEAN SCI,397 WASHINGTON ST,DUXBURY,MA 02332, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 783 EP 795 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400042 ER PT J AU BOHNSACK, JA HARPER, DE MCCLELLAN, DB HULSBECK, M AF BOHNSACK, JA HARPER, DE MCCLELLAN, DB HULSBECK, M TI EFFECTS OF REEF SIZE ON COLONIZATION AND ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE OF FISHES AT ARTIFICIAL REEFS OFF SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; LIMITATION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; SHELTER; PISCES; KEYS AB Fifty standard concrete modules were deployed on a sand bottom to make 16 replicated artificial reefs of 1 to 8 modules.reef(-1). Fish assemblages were monitored for species composition, abundance, and fish size, and compared to two natural control sites. We censused 127 species (107,168 fishes) from artificial reefs, 93 species (16,495 fishes) on natural control reefs, and 17 species (1,040 fishes) on sand bottom from July 1987 to March 1989. Artificial reefs supported a diverse, abundant, and dynamic assemblage of fishes that were a mixture of species found in surrounding sand and natural reef habitats. Colonization (number of species, individuals, and biomass) was very rapid. Abundance varied seasonally with recruitment episodes tending to occur in the spring and summer followed by losses for the remainder of the year. Assemblages were quite variable on and between similar sized reefs. Fish and biomass densities were higher at artificial reefs than on sand and natural reefs. Resident fish biomass varied less than resident fish numbers, because individual growth compensated for mortality after recruitment episodes. Reef size significantly influenced total numbers of species, individuals, and biomass. Smaller reefs had greater fish density while larger reefs had higher biomass density from larger but fewer, individuals. Multiple small reefs supported more individuals and more species than one large reef of equal material. Fishes recruited by larval settlement accounted far 36% of the total resident abundance but only 2% of total biomass. As reef size increased, older juvenile or adult colonists comprised a greater percentage of total biomass (94% to 99%). Assemblage importance percentages (based on abundance, biomass, and frequency) were divided between residents (64%), visitors (20%), and transients (16%). Economically important species comprised 61% of the biomass and 55% of the individuals, among which settlers accounted for 94.3% of individuals but only 5.7% of their total biomass. The most highly valued species were visitors or residents that utilized the reefs after first settling elsewhere. These results showed that data on artificial reef assemblages based solely on the abundance of resident species are biased. Data on visitors, transients, frequency-of-occurrence, and biomass are important in evaluating bias. Results provided a partial test and support for a model predicting the importance of attraction over production for artificial reefs located in areas with high reef availability. RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA CORPS, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI LAB, 75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012 NR 50 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 43 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 796 EP 823 PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400043 ER PT J AU PLATT, CM YOUNG, SA CARSWELL, AI PAL, SR MCCORMICK, MP WINKER, DM DELGUASTA, M STEFANUTTI, L EBERHARD, WL HARDESTY, M FLAMANT, PH VALENTIN, R FORGAN, B GIMMESTAD, GG JAGER, H KHMELEVTSOV, SS KOLEV, I KAPRIEOLEV, B LU, DR SASSEN, K SHAMANAEV, VS UCHINO, O MIZUNO, Y WANDINGER, U WEITKAMP, C ANSMANN, A WOOLDRIDGE, C AF PLATT, CM YOUNG, SA CARSWELL, AI PAL, SR MCCORMICK, MP WINKER, DM DELGUASTA, M STEFANUTTI, L EBERHARD, WL HARDESTY, M FLAMANT, PH VALENTIN, R FORGAN, B GIMMESTAD, GG JAGER, H KHMELEVTSOV, SS KOLEV, I KAPRIEOLEV, B LU, DR SASSEN, K SHAMANAEV, VS UCHINO, O MIZUNO, Y WANDINGER, U WEITKAMP, C ANSMANN, A WOOLDRIDGE, C TI THE EXPERIMENTAL CLOUD LIDAR PILOT-STUDY (ECLIPS) FOR CLOUD-RADIATION RESEARCH SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE FEEDBACK; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WATER CLOUDS; EXTINCTION; RETURNS; DATASET; CO2 AB The Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS) was initiated to obtain statistics on cloud-base height, extinction, optical depth, cloud brokenness, and surface fluxes. Two observational phases have taken place, in October-December 1989 and April-July 1991, with intensive 30-day periods being selected within the two time intervals. Data are being archived at NASA Langley Research Center and, once there, are readily available to the international scientific community. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,N YORK,ON,CANADA. YORK UNIV,CRESS,N YORK,ON,CANADA. CNR,INST RIC ONDE ELETTROMAGNET,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY. NOAA,ENVIRONM TOXICOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. ECOLE POLYTECH,CNRS,METEOROL DYNAM LAB,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. BUR METEOROL,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GTRI,EMLEOD,ATLANTA,GA 30332. FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,GARMISCH PARTENKIRCH,GERMANY. INST EXPTL METEOROL,PHYS & CLIMATE LAB,OBNINSK,RUSSIA. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST ELECTR,BU-1113 SOFIA,BULGARIA. INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV UTAH,DEPT METEOROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. INST ATMOSPHER OPT,TOMSK,RUSSIA. JAPAN METEOROL AGCY,METEOROL RES INST,YATABE,IBARAKI,JAPAN. GKSS FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM GEESTHACHT GMBH,GEESTHACHT,GERMANY. INST TROPOSPHARENFORSCH,LEIPZIG,GERMANY. MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH EARTH SCI,SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA. RP PLATT, CM (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,PB 1,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RI Young, Stuart/A-8641-2011; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Wandinger, Ulla/E-3348-2014; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 OI Young, Stuart/0000-0001-6434-9816; NR 43 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1635 EP 1654 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1635:TECLPS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ538 UT WOS:A1994PJ53800004 ER PT J AU BYRD, G DESOUZA, R FINGERHUT, W MURPHY, C AF BYRD, G DESOUZA, R FINGERHUT, W MURPHY, C TI INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO THE METEOROLOGY CLASSROOM - A SUMMARY OF THE 1993 NORTHEAST REGIONAL UNIDATA WORKSHOP SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This article summarizes the first Northeast Regional Unidata Users' Workshop, held 17-19 August 1993 at the State University of New York College at Brockport. The goal of the workshop was to provide a forum where users could exchange ideas and update their understanding of Unidata systems and potential applications to scientific instruction and research. Several presentations documented the successful integration of interactive computer technology into classroom and laboratory environments. Laboratory sessions stressed applications of the latest versions of the Unidata McIDAS, GEMPAK, and WXP analysis and display packages. The positive response of participants indicates that a regional workshop is a useful complement to national Unidata users' meetings. C1 SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT EARTH SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420. MILLERSVILLE UNIV PENNSYLVANIA,DEPT EARTH SCI,MILLERSVILLE,PA. LYNDON STATE COLL,DEPT METEOROL,LYNDONVILLE,VT. KEAN COLL NEW JERSEY,DEPT GEOL & METEOROL,UNION,NJ 07083. RP BYRD, G (reprint author), UCAR,COMET,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1677 EP 1683 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ538 UT WOS:A1994PJ53800008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DS AF JOHNSON, DS TI EVOLUTION OF THE UNITED-STATES METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE PROGRAM - SOME REMINISCENCES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material RP JOHNSON, DS (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL,NATL WEATHER SERV,MODERNIZAT COMM,WASHINGTON,DC 20418, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1705 EP 1708 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ538 UT WOS:A1994PJ53800013 ER PT J AU EANES, ED HAILER, AW AF EANES, ED HAILER, AW TI EFFECT OF ULTRAFILTERABLE FRAGMENTS FROM CHONDROITINASE AND PROTEASE-TREATED AGGRECAN ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION IN LIPOSOMAL SUSPENSIONS SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; LIPOSOMES; MINERALIZATION; PROTEOGLYCANS ID HYDROXYAPATITE PROLIFERATION; PROTEOGLYCAN INHIBITION; MATRIX VESICLES; CARTILAGE; GROWTH AB A liposome-centered endogenous precipitation method was used to investigate the effect of ultrafilterable fragments from the enzymatic digestion of rat chondrosarcoma aggrecan on the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate salts in buffered solutions at pH 7.4 and 22 degrees C. Unlike the intact aggrecan and its major chondroitin sulfate and core protein components, disaccharide units from chondroitinase degradation of the aggrecan and small (< 3 kg/mol molecular weight) fragments from protease digestion of the core structure were found to be only weakly inhibitory toward mineral formation. Corresponding reductions in Ca2+-binding indicate that these fragments were unable to adsorb to active sites on the apatite surface for long enough periods to significantly hinder crystal growth. The data suggest that controlled enzymatic breakdown of aggrecan may be one possible mechanism by which the calcification of growth plate cartilage is allowed to advance in vivo. RP EANES, ED (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,NIDR,BONE RES BRANCH,RES ASSOCIATES PROGRAM,BLDG 224,ROOM A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 3 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1007/BF00425872 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PC725 UT WOS:A1994PC72500005 PM 7987730 ER PT J AU BOOK, N SITTON, O MOTARD, R BLAHA, M MAIAGOLDSTEIN, B HEDRICK, J FIELDING, J AF BOOK, N SITTON, O MOTARD, R BLAHA, M MAIAGOLDSTEIN, B HEDRICK, J FIELDING, J TI THE ROAD TO A COMMON BYTE SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. AUTOMAT & CONTROL TECHNOL INC,ST LOUIS,MO 63146. RP BOOK, N (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,CONSORTIUM ADV PROC & CONTROL ENGN,ROLLA,MO 65401, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0009-2460 J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK JI Chem. Eng. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 101 IS 9 BP 98 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA PG793 UT WOS:A1994PG79300016 ER PT J AU NAKABE, K MCGRATTAN, KB KASHIWAGI, T BAUM, HR YAMASHITA, H KUSHIDA, G AF NAKABE, K MCGRATTAN, KB KASHIWAGI, T BAUM, HR YAMASHITA, H KUSHIDA, G TI IGNITION AND TRANSITION TO FLAME SPREAD OVER A THERMALLY THIN CELLULOSIC SHEET IN A MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; RADIATION; MODEL; FUEL AB An axisymmetric, time-dependent model is developed describing auto-ignition and subsequent transition to flame spread over a thermally-thin cellulosic sheet heated by external radiation in a quiescent microgravity environment. Due to the unique combination of a microgravity environment and low Reynolds number associated with the slow, thermally induced flow, the resulting velocity is taken as a potential flow. A one-step global gas phase oxidation reaction and three global degradation reactions for the condensed phase are used in the model. A maximum external radiant flux of 5 W/cm2 (Gaussian distribution) with 21%, 30%, and 50% oxygen concentrations is used in the calculations. The results indicate that autoignition is observed for 30% oxygen concentrations but the transition to the flame spread does not occur. For 50% oxygen the transition is achieved. A detailed discussion of the transition from ignition to flame spread is given as an aid to understanding this process. Also, a comparison is made between the axisymmetric configuration and a two-dimensional (line source) configuration. RP NAKABE, K (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 1994 VL 98 IS 4 BP 361 EP 374 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90175-9 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PC927 UT WOS:A1994PC92700004 ER PT J AU SLATER, CH SCHRECK, CB SWANSON, P AF SLATER, CH SCHRECK, CB SWANSON, P TI PLASMA PROFILES OF THE SEX STEROIDS AND GONADOTROPINS IN MATURING FEMALE SPRING CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEX STEROIDS; GONADOTROPINS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; CHUM SALMON; 17-ALPHA,20-BETA-DIHYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE LEVELS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES; SPAWNING MIGRATION; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; SERUM LEVELS; BROWN TROUT; VITELLOGENIN AB Plasma testosterone concentrations were low through the spring acid early summer, concentrations began rising in late July and reached maximum levels by ovulation in September. Plasma concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone were low throughout sexual maturation until ovulation when a significant increase occurred. Plasma androstendione and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were high throughout sexual maturation, and decreased significantly at ovulation. Plasma 17 alpha,20 beta -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one concentrations were low throughout maturation, and increased significantly at ovulation. Plasma gonadotropin I concentrations paralleled those of estradiol and exceeded gonadotropin II levels prior to ovulation. Plasma concentrations of gonadotropin II were low throughout the spring and summer, increasing dramatically at ovulation. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH FISHERIES, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. RP SLATER, CH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT, 104 NASH HALL, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 34 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90323-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA NZ742 UT WOS:A1994NZ74200017 ER PT J AU WAPLES, RS AF WAPLES, RS TI GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN RECOVERY EFFORTS FOR PACIFIC SALMON SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP WAPLES, RS (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98122, USA. RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 884 EP 886 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030863-12.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF730 UT WOS:A1994PF73000045 ER PT J AU JINNO, M SCHLAGER, JB FRANZEN, DL AF JINNO, M SCHLAGER, JB FRANZEN, DL TI OPTICAL-SAMPLING USING NONDEGENERATE 4-WAVE-MIXING IN A SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER AMPLIFIER SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL TECHNIQUES; MULTIWAVE MIXING; SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS ID FIBER AB Picosecond optical sampling using nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) is demonstrated for the first time. High-peak-power pulses and electrical gating of the SLA produce an optical sampling signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio. RP JINNO, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MS 81402,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 30 IS 18 BP 1489 EP 1491 DI 10.1049/el:19941043 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PG482 UT WOS:A1994PG48200022 ER PT J AU WIRGIN, II GRUNWALD, C COURTENAY, S KREAMER, GL REICHERT, WL STEIN, JE AF WIRGIN, II GRUNWALD, C COURTENAY, S KREAMER, GL REICHERT, WL STEIN, JE TI A BIOMARKER APPROACH TO ASSESSING XENOBIOTIC EXPOSURE IN ATLANTIC TOMCOD FROM THE NORTH-AMERICAN ATLANTIC COAST SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; HUDSON RIVER TOMCOD; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; PUGET-SOUND; DNA FRAGMENTS; NEW-YORK; FISH; METABOLITES; WASHINGTON; LIVER AB We determined levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, hepatic DNA adducts, and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, a measure of exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in Atlantic tomcod from six river systems ranging from highly polluted to relatively pristine on the northeast North American coast (the Hudson River, New York; the St. lawrence River, Quebec; the Miramichi River, New Brunswick; the Saco and Royal rivers, Maine; and the Margaree River, Nova Scotia). Hudson River tomcod showed the greatest response for all parameters, and tomcod from the Margaree River exhibited the least response. Tomcod from the Miramichi River exhibited marked induction of CYP1A mRNA but low levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs, whereas fish from the St. Lawrence River showed no induction of CYP1A mrna and moderately elevated levels of DNA adducts and biliary FACs. In tomcod from the Hudson and Miramichi rivers, the levels of CYP1A mRNA were 28 times and 14 times, respectively, as great as the levels in fish from the St. Lawrence, Saco/Royal, and Margaree rivers. Mean levels of DNA adducts varied from 120 nmol adducts/mol bases in hudson river tomcod to < 3 nmol adducts/mol bases in fish from the Miramichi and Margaree rivers. Concentrations of FACs in the bile of tomcod from the Hudson and St. Lawrence rivers were 8 and 1.8 times, respectively, as great as the concentrations in tomcod from the Miramichi River and Margaree River. In tomcod from the Hudson River, all three biomarkers were markedly elevated; in the St Lawrence River two biomarkers were elevated, but no biomarker was substantially elevated in fish from the Saco/Royal and Margaree rivers. Elevated levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs in tomcod from the Hudson River suggest increased exposure to PAHs, consistent with previous studies. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,MONCTON E1C 9B6,NB,CANADA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112. RP WIRGIN, II (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,INST ENVIRONM MED,TUXEDO PK,NY 10987, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05541, ES00260, ES05003] NR 53 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 102 IS 9 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.2307/3432137 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PG569 UT WOS:A1994PG56900013 PM 9657708 ER PT J AU HILDEMANN, LM KLINEDINST, DB KLOUDA, GA CURRIE, LA CASS, GR AF HILDEMANN, LM KLINEDINST, DB KLOUDA, GA CURRIE, LA CASS, GR TI SOURCES OF URBAN CONTEMPORARY CARBON AEROSOL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEAT-COOKING OPERATIONS; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; MICROGRAM SAMPLES; DIESEL TRUCKS; EMISSIONS; AUTOMOBILES; TRANSPORT AB Emissions from the major sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Los Angeles basin atmosphere have been analyzed to determine the amounts of the C-12 and C-14 isotopes present. From these measurements, an inventory of the fossil carbon and contemporary carbon particle emissions to the Los Angeles atmosphere has been created. In the winter, more than half of the fine primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions are from sources containing contemporary carbon, including fireplaces, charbroilers, paved road dust, cigarette smoke, and brake lining dust, while in the summer at least one-third of the carbonaceous particle emissions are contemporary. Using a mathematical model for atmospheric transport, predictions are made of the atmospheric fine particulate fossil carbon and contemporary carbon concentrations expected due to primary source emissions. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the measured radiocarbon content of the fine ambient aerosol samples. It is concluded that the high fraction of contemporary carbon measured historically in Los Angeles is not due to local emission sources of biogenic material; rather, it is due to a combination of local anthropogenic pollution sources and background marine aerosol advected into the city. C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RP STANFORD UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NR 45 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1565 EP 1576 DI 10.1021/es00058a006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE258 UT WOS:A1994PE25800011 PM 22176356 ER PT J AU PARRISH, DD HOLLOWAY, JS FEHSENFELD, FC AF PARRISH, DD HOLLOWAY, JS FEHSENFELD, FC TI ROUTINE, CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON-MONOXIDE WITH PARTS-PER-BILLION PRECISION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE AB A system including a commerical instrument (Thermo Electron Corp., Model 48) operating on the principle of gas filter correlation, nondispersive infrared absorption is utilized to approach 1 ppbv precision with a 1-h averaging period in the measurement of slowly varying ambient CO levels in rural and remote regions. The instrument modifications, setup, and signal averaging processes include gold-plated mirrors, selected detector, 1-s signal resonse time (all available as options from the manufacturer), installation of a lens to more fully focus the infrared beam on the detector, standard addition calibration, catalytic zeroing, rapid switching between equal time periods in the measurement and zero modes, and longterm averaging. RP PARRISH, DD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 9 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1615 EP 1618 DI 10.1021/es00058a013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE258 UT WOS:A1994PE25800018 PM 22176363 ER PT J AU HARKEY, GA LYDY, MJ KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF AF HARKEY, GA LYDY, MJ KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF TI FEEDING SELECTIVITY AND ASSIMILATION OF PAH AND PCB IN DIPOREIA SPP SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT; DIPOREIA SPP; ORGANIC CARBON ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; GUT CONTENTS; SEDIMENT; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOXICOKINETICS; EFFICIENCY AB A series of experiments were conducted to estimate assimilation efficiencies of two hydrophobic organic contaminants and the influence of particle sizes on the selective sediment ingester, Diporeia spp. Florissant soil was divided into particle-size fractions consisting of 0 to 63 mum, 0 to 20 mum, and 20 to 63 mum and dosed with radiolabeled 2,2,4,4,5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) and/or benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to which animals were exposed for individual assays. At the end of timed exposure intervals, individual Diporeia and any fecal pellets they produced were removed from the sediment and analyzed for contaminant content. Assimilation efficiency was estimated via a selectivity index based on organic carbon. Assimilation efficiency of BaP (5.6-32.7%) was comparable to previous studies. However, HCBP did not correlate with organic carbon over a range of particle sizes. Accumulation of both contaminants was greatest when animals were exposed to the 20- to 63-mum size fraction, suggesting that Diporeia selectively fed within this particle-size range. Accumulation of HCBP was consistently greater than BaP in all dual-labeled assays, suggesting a greater bioavailability of the PCB to Diporeia. Sediment analysis indicated that BaP and HCBP were associated with different particle-size fractions possessing different amounts of organic carbon, with BaP having the greater tendency to associate with TOC. C1 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2200 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278. UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. NR 34 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1445 EP 1455 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1445:FSAAOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PE170 UT WOS:A1994PE17000008 ER PT J AU KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF AF KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF TI TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PYRENE TO LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS (OLIGOCHAETA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TOXICOKINETICS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; SEDIMENTS; PARTICLE SIZE; PYRENE ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; STYLODRILUS-HERINGIANUS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RELATIVE TOLERANCES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; WATER AB The oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatushas been proposed for whole-sediment bioassays to assess sediment contamination. Our work examines Lumbriculus variegatus exposure to pyrene-dosed Lake Michigan sediment at 0.4 ng g-1 and 64, 132, 206, and 269 mug g-1. Both bioaccumulation and survival were followed to enhance Lumbriculus variegatus development as a bioassay organism. Lumbriculus variegatus accumulated sediment-associated pyrene rapidly and achieved apparent steady state within 48 to 168 h. The pyrene uptake clearances (k(s), g sed g-1 animal h-1) ranged from 0.039 to 0. 132 and decreased with increasing pyrene concentration. At high pyrene concentrations, the worms avoided the sediment, which reduced accumulation and likely minimized the mortality response. In addition, the effect of organism loading on bioaccumulation was determined at different animal densities, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 g dry weight Lumbriculus variegatus: g sediment organic carbon, and a sediment pyrene concentration of 0.4 ng g-1. Surprisingly, the bioaccumulation declined as organism density decreased. Pyrene elimination was rapid in clean sediment (k(e) = 0.026 +/- 0.002 h-1) but was much slower in water (k(e) = 0.0043 +/- 0.0007 h-1). Bioavailability apparently declined for exposures in sediment stored 1.5 months, based on the estimate of k(e) from nonlinear regression compared to direct measures of elimination. The apparent decline was attributed to both a decline in lipid content during the experiment and changes in pyrene bioavailability. Finally, for bioaccumulation studies, gut purging at a set time (e.g., 24 h) may result in an underestimate of contaminant concentration in organisms. An elimination study with extrapolation to the initial body burden can ensure that biases due to incomplete elimination of gut contents and body burden losses during the purging process are minimized. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. NR 49 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 24 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1457 EP 1468 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1457:TATOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PE170 UT WOS:A1994PE17000009 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, H AF NAKAMURA, H TI ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY ASSOCIATED WITH A STRONG BLOCKING FLOW CONFIGURATION OVER EUROPE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; ROSSBY-WAVE; MEAN-FLOW; EDDIES; PROPAGATION; EPISODE; MODEL AB Time evolution of a prominent tropospheric blocking flow configuration over Europe is examined based upon composites for the 15 strongest events observed during the last 27 winter seasons, from which the fluctuations associated with synoptic-scale eddies have been filtered out. The blocking, initiated in the exit region of the Atlantic jet stream, forms into a domain of the very weak westerlies. The tropopause-level potential vorticity (PV) exhibits a distinct, clockwise evolution within this domain, so that the negative correlation between PV and the meridional wind velocity associated with the amplifying blocking becomes positive as it decays, which signifies the convergence of the wave activity density flux and its subsequent divergence. Indeed, a quasi-stationary wavetrain across the Atlantic is evident during the blocking amplification, and then another wavetrain becomes apparent to the east of the decaying ridge. It appears that the wave activity propagating across the Atlantic is obstructed and accumulated in the weak-westerly domain associated with the developing blocking ridge until it is saturated, followed by the release of the activity to the east. The result suggests that the low-frequency dynamics of the atmospheric flow plays an important role in the formation of a certain type of blocking. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 18 BP 2003 EP 2006 DI 10.1029/94GL01614 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PE824 UT WOS:A1994PE82400020 ER PT J AU KONDRAGUNTA, CR GRUBER, A AF KONDRAGUNTA, CR GRUBER, A TI DIURNAL-VARIATION OF THE ISCCP CLOUDINESS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC; CONVECTION; PACIFIC; AFRICA; SUMMER; CYCLE AB Seven January (1984 to 1990) months of three hourly monthly mean total cloud amount data were subjected to Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to study large scale features of the diurnal variation. The first two EOF modes explain two different types of diurnal variation. While the first EOF mode shows the diurnal variation contrast between land and ocean, the second EOF pattern shows diurnal variation over deep convective cloudy regions. In the second mode, maximum cloudiness occurs at around 2000 LST both over continental and oceanic regions, where deep convective cloudiness occurs. The first two EOF modes explain 78.4% of the total normalized variance. The time coefficients of these two EOF modes indicate that the diurnal variation of cloudiness undergoes non sinusoidal variation. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,OFF RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP KONDRAGUNTA, CR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 18 BP 2015 EP 2018 DI 10.1029/94GL01459 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PE824 UT WOS:A1994PE82400023 ER PT J AU PIZZO, VJ GOSLING, JT AF PIZZO, VJ GOSLING, JT TI 3-D SIMULATION OF HIGH-LATITUDE INTERACTION REGIONS - COMPARISON WITH ULYSSES RESULTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND STREAM; SECTOR STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION AB A three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model is used to stimulate the global evolution of a steady, tilted-dipole solar wind flow configuration similar to that prevalent in interplanetary space in 1993. Systematic latitudinal changes in the structure of a corotating interaction region (CIR) near 5 AU is shown to agree well with recent Ulysses observations. The abrupt disappearance of forward shocks and continued persistence of reverse shocks poleward of the latitude where Ulysses crossed the southern edge of the coronal streamer belt is explained as a natural consequence of the 3-D flow geometry. C1 NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP PIZZO, VJ (reprint author), SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN,CA, USA. NR 12 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 18 BP 2063 EP 2066 DI 10.1029/94GL01581 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PE824 UT WOS:A1994PE82400035 ER EF