FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU VANDAM, TM
BLEWITT, G
HEFLIN, MB
AF VANDAM, TM
BLEWITT, G
HEFLIN, MB
TI ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE LOADING EFFECTS ON GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
COORDINATE DETERMINATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE; EARTH; GPS
AB Earth deformation signals caused by atmospheric pressure loading are detected in vertical position estimates at Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, Surface displacements due to changes in atmospheric pressure account for up to 24% of the total variance in the GPS height estimates. The detected loading signals are larger at higher latitudes where pressure variations are greatest; the largest effect is observed at Fairbanks, Alaska (latitude 65 degrees), with a signal RMS of 5 mm. Out of 19 continuously operating GPS sites (with a mean of 281 daily solutions per site), 18 show a positive correlation between the GPS vertical estimates and the modeled loading displacements, Accounting for loading reduces the variance of the vertical station positions on 12 of the 19 sites investigated. Removing the modeled pressure loading from GPS determinations of baseline length for baselines longer than 6000 km reduces the variance on 73 of the 117 baselines investigated. The slight increase in variance for some of the sites and baselines is consistent with expected statistical fluctuations. The results from most stations are consistent with similar to 65% of the modeled pressure load being found in the GPS vertical position measurements. Removing an annual signal from both the measured heights and the modeled load time series leaves this value unchanged. The source of the remaining discrepancy between the modeled and observed loading signal may be the result of (1) anisotropic effects in the Earth's loading response, (2) errors in GPS estimates of tropospheric delay, (3) errors in the surface pressure data, or (4) annual signals in the time series of loading and station heights. In addition, we find that using site dependent coefficients, determined by fitting local pressure to the modeled radial displacements, reduces the variance of the measured station heights as well as of better than using the global convolution sum.
C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, DEPT SURVEYING, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NE1 7RU, TYNE & WEAR, ENGLAND.
CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA.
RP VANDAM, TM (reprint author), NOAA, GEOSCI LAB,NOS,OES 13,SSMV IV, EAST WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA.
NR 19
TC 93
Z9 95
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD DEC 10
PY 1994
VL 99
IS B12
BP 23939
EP 23950
DI 10.1029/94JB02122
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PX338
UT WOS:A1994PX33800012
ER
PT J
AU CHU, PM
BUNTIN, SA
RICHTER, LJ
CAVANAGH, RR
AF CHU, PM
BUNTIN, SA
RICHTER, LJ
CAVANAGH, RR
TI PHOTODESORPTION DYNAMICS OF CO FROM SI(111) - THE ROLE OF
SURFACE-DEFECTS
SO SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; INDUCED THERMAL-DESORPTION; PHOTOINDUCED
REACTIONS; NO; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; EXCITATION
AB Laser-induced desorption of CO from an ion beam etched and annealed Si(lll) surface is reported. State-resolved measurements of the desorbed CO reveal very high translational and vibrational energy contents, with the rotational excitation being quite low. The results suggest that the CO photodesorption is derived from CO bound to ion beam etch-induced active ''defect'' site(s) on the Si(111)7X7 surface that are only minimally influenced by either the ion beam etching conditions or the anneal. The very high translational energy in the CO implies desorption from active ''defect'' site(s) either in the very-near-surface region or on the surface. Comparison of the photoyields at 266 and 355 nm suggests that the desorption mechanism cannot be described using existing models for thermal- or carrier-mediated processes.
C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-6028
J9 SURF SCI
JI Surf. Sci.
PD DEC 10
PY 1994
VL 321
IS 1-2
BP 127
EP 132
DI 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90033-7
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PX997
UT WOS:A1994PX99700018
ER
PT J
AU TOGGWEILER, JR
AF TOGGWEILER, JR
TI CARBON-CYCLE - VANISHING IN BERMUDA
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA.
NR 4
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD DEC 8
PY 1994
VL 372
IS 6506
BP 505
EP 506
DI 10.1038/372505a0
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PW082
UT WOS:A1994PW08200031
ER
PT J
AU SLADE, RCT
HALL, GP
RAMANAN, A
NICOL, JM
AF SLADE, RCT
HALL, GP
RAMANAN, A
NICOL, JM
TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF PROTONIC SPECIES IN AMMONIUM PENTAMOLYBDATE,
(NH4)MO5.33H3O18
SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION REORIENTATIONS; INELASTIC NEUTRON; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRIOXIDE
AB Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) and quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) have been used in an investigation of ammonium pentamolybdate, (NH4)Mo5.33H3O18. The IINS vibrational spectrum reveals the presence of NH4+ (in the tunnels of the 'hexagonal MoO3,' host framework), water molecules and Mo-coordinated hydroxy groups. Variable-temperature QNS measurements have enabled investigation of motions of the NH4+ ion. Broadenings are observed in the QNS spectra over a remarkably large temperature range, consistent with a low activation barrier to reorientation. In analysis of the temperature dependence of the elastic incoherent structure factor, it was necessary to invoke a variable 'static fraction' of ammonium ions, arising from dynamical inequivalences of ammonium ions in different tunnel cavities. QNS data were treated using the isotropic rotational diffusion model for those reorienting ions giving discernible quasielastic broadenings, this diffusion being consequent on the interaction of the reorientations of the low-energy barrier with the lattice modes.
C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SLADE, RCT (reprint author), UNIV EXETER,DEPT CHEM,STOCKER RD,EXETER EX4 4QD,DEVON,ENGLAND.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND
CB4 4WF
SN 0956-5000
J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T
JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans.
PD DEC 7
PY 1994
VL 90
IS 23
BP 3579
EP 3584
DI 10.1039/ft9949003579
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PV286
UT WOS:A1994PV28600017
ER
PT J
AU WICKNER, S
GOTTESMAN, S
SKOWYRA, D
HOSKINS, J
MCKENNEY, K
MAURIZI, MR
AF WICKNER, S
GOTTESMAN, S
SKOWYRA, D
HOSKINS, J
MCKENNEY, K
MAURIZI, MR
TI A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE, CLPA, FUNCTIONS LIKE DNAK AND DNAJ
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS; PLASMID P1; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; CLPP
ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
NUCLEOPROTEIN STRUCTURES; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; REPA MONOMERIZATION;
ACTIVATED ATPASE; RNA-POLYMERASE; REPLICATION; GRPE
AB The two major molecular chaperone families that mediate ATP-dependent protein folding and refolding are the heat shock proteins Hsp60s (GroEL) and Hsp70s (DnaK). Clp proteins, like chaperones, are highly conserved, present in all organisms, and contain ATP and polypeptide binding sites. We discovered that ClpA, the ATPase component of the ATP-dependent ClpAP protease, is a molecular chaperone. ClpA performs the ATP-dependent chaperone function of DnaK and DnaJ in the in vitro activation of the plasmid P1 RepA replication initiator protein. RepA is activated by the conversion of dimers to monomers. We show that ClpA targets RepA for degradation by ClpP, demonstrating a direct link between the protein unfolding function of chaperones and proteolysis. In another chaperone assay, ClpA protects luciferase from irreversible heat inactivation but is unable to reactivate luciferase.
C1 NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP WICKNER, S (reprint author), NCI,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 37,ROOM 2D19,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
NR 27
TC 304
Z9 307
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD DEC 6
PY 1994
VL 91
IS 25
BP 12218
EP 12222
DI 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12218
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PW708
UT WOS:A1994PW70800093
PM 7991609
ER
PT J
AU KIM, SD
AF KIM, SD
TI OFF-DIAGONAL ORTHORHOMBIC-SYMMETRY ELASTIC-CONSTANTS
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BORON-ALUMINUM
RP KIM, SD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD DEC 5
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 23
BP 2949
EP 2950
DI 10.1063/1.112543
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PV093
UT WOS:A1994PV09300017
ER
PT J
AU BALSARA, NP
DAI, HJ
KESANI, PK
GARETZ, BA
HAMMOUDA, B
AF BALSARA, NP
DAI, HJ
KESANI, PK
GARETZ, BA
HAMMOUDA, B
TI INFLUENCE OF IMPERFECTIONS ON THE DISORDERING OF BLOCK-COPOLYMER
CYLINDERS
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIREFRINGENCE; TRANSITION
AB Small-angle neutron scattering and optical birefringence were used to study the disordering transition of a cylindrically ordered block copolymer material. It was found that the disordering temperature of shear-oriented ''single crystals'' was 62 degrees C, while that of imperfect, granular samples formed under quiescent conditions was 49 degrees C. In sheared samples where the imperfections were partially removed, coexistence of ordered and disordered regions was observed at temperatures between 49 and 62 degrees C.
C1 POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT CHEM,BROOKLYN,NY 11201.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BALSARA, NP (reprint author), POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT CHEM ENGN,6 METROTECH CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11201, USA.
NR 15
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD DEC 5
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 25
BP 7406
EP 7409
DI 10.1021/ma00103a023
PG 4
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PW059
UT WOS:A1994PW05900023
ER
PT J
AU MAYES, AM
RUSSELL, TP
DELINE, VR
SATIJA, SK
MAJKRZAK, CF
AF MAYES, AM
RUSSELL, TP
DELINE, VR
SATIJA, SK
MAJKRZAK, CF
TI BLOCK-COPOLYMER MIXTURES AS REVEALED BY NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; DOMAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; POLYMER FILMS
CAST; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SPHERICAL MICRODOMAINS; ORDERED STRUCTURE;
BINARY-MIXTURES; MORPHOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; HOMOPOLYMER
AB Thin film mixtures of high and low molecular weight symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers were investigated by neutron reflectivity. The preferential interaction of the block components with the surface and substrate causes the mixtures to organize upon annealing into alternating lamellar microdomains of PS and PMMA oriented parallel to the substrate surface. By deuterating the PMMA blocks of both mixture components, the periodicity and interfacial width were determined as a function of the mixture composition. The lamellar period, d, of the mixture was found to scale approximately with the number-average molecular weight as d similar to M(n)(2/3) Via selective deuteration, the copolymer block distributions. within the domains were obtained by combining results from complementary experiments. In all cases investigated, nonuniform profiles were observed whereby the shorter copolymer chains localized to the PS/PMMA interface regions while longer chains enriched the domain centers.
C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120.
MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,DIV REACTOR & RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 36
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD DEC 5
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 25
BP 7447
EP 7453
DI 10.1021/ma00103a030
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PW059
UT WOS:A1994PW05900030
ER
PT J
AU BRUNO, TJ
CACIARI, M
AF BRUNO, TJ
CACIARI, M
TI RETENTION OF HALOCARBONS ON A HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE EPOXIDE-MODIFIED
GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK .3. ETHENE-BASED COMPOUNDS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
AB The retention characteristics of 11 ethene-based chlorofluorocarbon, bromochlorofluorocarbon and fluorocarbon fluids have been studied as a function of temperature on a stationary phase consisting of a 5% (m/m) coating of a low-molecular-mass polymer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide on a graphitized carbon black adsorbent. Measurements were performed at -20, 0, 20 and 40 degrees C for trifluoroethene (R-1123), 1,1-difluoroethene (R1132a), and fluoraethene (vinyl fluoride, R-1141). Measurements were performed at 40, 60, 80 and 100 degrees C for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethene (R-1112a), chlorotrifluoroethene (R-1113), 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethene (R-1122), 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene (R-1121a), 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethene (R-1122B1) and bromoethene (vinyl bromide, R-1140B1). Measurements were performed at 60, 80, 100 and 120 degrees C for trans-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene (R-1112t) and cis-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene (R-1112c). Net retention volumes, corrected to a column temperature of 0 degrees C, were calculated from retention time measurements, the logarithms of which were fitted against reciprocal thermodynamic temperature. The relative retentions, also as a function of temperature, were calculated with respect to the retentions of tetrafluoromethane (R-14) and hexafluoroethane (R-116). Qualitative features of the data are examined, and trends are identified. In addition, the data were fitted to linear models for the purpose of predicting retention behavior of these compounds to facilitate chromatographic analysis.
RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD DEC 2
PY 1994
VL 686
IS 2
BP 245
EP 251
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00736-5
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA QB582
UT WOS:A1994QB58200009
ER
PT J
AU DUNFORD, R
BARKLEY, P
JONES, CA
WELSH, M
LOOMIS, J
AF DUNFORD, R
BARKLEY, P
JONES, CA
WELSH, M
LOOMIS, J
TI ASSESSING NATURAL-RESOURCE DAMAGES FROM OIL-SPILLS - NOAAS PROPOSED
COMPENSATION FORMULA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230.
COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN
PI AMES
PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 5
BP 1235
EP 1236
PG 2
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA QG032
UT WOS:A1994QG03200068
ER
PT J
AU REED, WP
AF REED, WP
TI CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS AND THE ISSUES OF QUALITY COMPARABILITY AND
TRACEABILITY
SO AMERICAN LABORATORY
LA English
DT Article
C1 NIST,CALIBRAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NIST,OFF NUCL MAT MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NIST,STAND REF MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NIST,OFF STAND REF MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NIST,DIV CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870
SN 0044-7749
J9 AM LAB
JI Am. Lab.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 18
BP 18
EP 21
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA PW851
UT WOS:A1994PW85100003
ER
PT J
AU WEETALL, HH
AF WEETALL, HH
TI D96N MUTANT BACTERIORHODOPSIN IMMOBILIZED IN SOL-GEL GLASS
CHARACTERIZATION
SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE IMMOBILIZED; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; D96N MUTANT; SOF-GEL; BLEACHING
EFFICIENCY; LIGHT-SENSITIVE PROTEIN
ID INTERNAL PROTON DONOR; ASPARTIC ACID-96; GUANIDINE-HYDROCHLORIDE;
M-INTERMEDIATE; PHOTOCYCLE; LIFETIME; FILMS
AB The D96N mutant form of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) purple membrane fragments isolated from the bacterium Halobacterium salinarium has been immobilized by entrapment in sol-gel glass. The protein was characterized for M state decay rate at different temperatures and pH values. Bleaching efficiency and absorbance maxima vs pH were also determined. The kinetic effects of triethanolamine and diethanolamine were also examined. Results indicated that the immobilized BR was affected in a manner similar to the mutant BR in aqueous suspension. Addition of guanidine, however, caused the immobilized BR to show kinetic parameters more closely related to the wild-type protein than the D96N mutant control. Samples of the aqueous suspension were characterized for particle size and particle size distribution. Dried samples of the immobilized BR were analyzed by field emission microscopy and BET to characterize both the purple membrane fragments and the sol-gel pore characteristics.
RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 35
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012
SN 0273-2289
J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH
JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 3
BP 241
EP 256
DI 10.1007/BF02783060
PG 16
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA PY557
UT WOS:A1994PY55700005
ER
PT J
AU COLLE, R
LIN, ZC
HUTCHINSON, JMR
SCHIMA, FJ
AF COLLE, R
LIN, ZC
HUTCHINSON, JMR
SCHIMA, FJ
TI DELAYED ISOMERIC STATE IN PB-205 AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR 4-PI-ALPHA
LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY OF PO-209
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROBABILITY
AB Assays of Po-209 by 4 pi alpha liquid scintillation (LS) measurements are confounded by an alpha-transition to a 2.3 keV (J(pi) = 1/2(-)) level in Pb-205 which was previously unknown to be a delayed isomeric state. The level is believed to be populated by a substantial fraction of the total Po-209 decay (similar to 80%) and presumably decays predominantly by internal conversion. The resulting conversion electrons from this delayed isomeric transition were identified in LS spectra. The lifetime is inferred to be at least several times 10(-5) s, although it may very well be substantially longer lived by orders of magnitude. The implications of these findings for routine measurements of Po-209 by LS are discussed. Suggested experiments to precisely determine the lifetime of the state are also proposed.
RP COLLE, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 45
IS 12
BP 1165
EP 1175
DI 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90032-9
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA QE683
UT WOS:A1994QE68300007
ER
PT J
AU DRAKE, SA
LINSKY, JL
BOOKBINDER, JA
AF DRAKE, SA
LINSKY, JL
BOOKBINDER, JA
TI A SEARCH FOR RADIO-EMISSION FROM THE NONMAGNETIC CHEMICALLY PECULIAR
STARS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER-MAIN-SEQUENCE; X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AM STARS; AP;
BINARIES
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309.
SAO,CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
RP DRAKE, SA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,CODE 668,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 108
IS 6
BP 2203
EP 2206
DI 10.1086/117231
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PU983
UT WOS:A1994PU98300021
ER
PT J
AU DEWDNEY, PE
LOZINSKAYA, TA
AF DEWDNEY, PE
LOZINSKAYA, TA
TI LARGE-SCALE 21-CM HI OBSERVATIONS OF THE CYG OB1/OB3 SUPERSHELL
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID STARS
C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, STERNBERG ASTRON INST, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA.
UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, DOMINION RADIO ASTROPHYS OBSERV, BOX 248, PENTICTON V2A 6K3, BC, CANADA.
RI Lozinskaya, Tatiana/R-9835-2016
NR 14
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
EI 1538-3881
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 108
IS 6
BP 2212
EP 2219
DI 10.1086/117233
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PU983
UT WOS:A1994PU98300023
ER
PT J
AU KERR, JB
FAST, H
MCELROY, CT
OLTMANS, SJ
LATHROP, JA
KYRO, E
PAUKKUNEN, A
CLAUDE, H
KOHLER, U
SREEDHARAN, CR
TAKAO, T
TSUKAGOSHI, Y
AF KERR, JB
FAST, H
MCELROY, CT
OLTMANS, SJ
LATHROP, JA
KYRO, E
PAUKKUNEN, A
CLAUDE, H
KOHLER, U
SREEDHARAN, CR
TAKAO, T
TSUKAGOSHI, Y
TI THE 1991 WMO INTERNATIONAL OZONESONDE INTERCOMPARISON AT VANSCOY, CANADA
SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
LA English
DT Article
AB An intercomparison of ozonesondes was held at Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, from 13 to 24 May 1991. The intercomparison, which was sponsored by the WMO and hosted by the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) of Canada, was attended by scientists from six countries: Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Japan and the United States. Four different makes of ozonesondes were used: the ECC sonde, the Brewer-Mast sonde, the Indian ozonesonde and the Japanese RSII-KC79 ozonesonde. These represent most of the sonde types that are in routine operation in the Global Ozone Observing System.
A balloon payload and telemetry system was developed to accommodate up to eight ozonesondes that could operate independently and transmit data simultaneously to a ground receiver. Ten flights were launched, each carrying 7 or 8 sondes, and a total of 65 successful profile measurements were made. The payloads were carried to altitudes between 35 and 40 km. The measured profiles are used to determine statistically meaningful evaluations of the different sonde types. The results compared with those from previous intercomparisons indicate that there has been a general improvement in performance for most of the types. In addition there appears to have been changes with time in the relative sensitivity to tropospheric ozone for different sonde types. This result should be considered when drawing conclusions regarding trends in tropospheric ozone.
C1 NOAA,ERL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852.
DEUTSCH WETTERDIENS,OFFENBACH,GERMANY.
JAPAN METEOROL AGCY,TOKYO,JAPAN.
RP KERR, JB (reprint author), ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,4905 DUFFERIN ST,DOWNSVIEW,ON M3H 5T4,CANADA.
NR 16
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU CANADIAN METEOR & OCEANOGR SOC
PI ONTARIO
PA PO BOX 334, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO ON L3Y 4X7, CANADA
SN 0705-5900
J9 ATMOS OCEAN
JI Atmos.-Ocean
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 4
BP 685
EP 716
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA QC440
UT WOS:A1994QC44000003
ER
PT J
AU WALSH, JE
ZHOU, X
PORTIS, D
SERREZE, MC
AF WALSH, JE
ZHOU, X
PORTIS, D
SERREZE, MC
TI ATMOSPHERIC CONTRIBUTION TO HYDROLOGIC VARIATIONS IN THE ARCTIC
SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE
AB High-latitude rawinsonde data for 18 years (1973-1990) are used to compute the atmospheric moisture flux convergence over two regions: the Arctic Ocean and the Mackenzie River drainage basin. The primary objectives are to assess the interannual variability and to compare the macroscale hydrologic regimes of the two regions. The moisture flux convergence is positive in all months over the Arctic Ocean, but is occasionally negative during summer over the Mackenzie Basin. The climatological seasonal cycle of the moisture convergence contains a late-summer (August-September) maximum over the Arctic Ocean but a late-summer minimum over the Mackenzie Basin. Evaporation, deduced from the moisture inflow and independent data on precipitation, makes a much greater contribution to the atmospheric moisture budget of the Mackenzie domain, especially during summer. The respective equivalent area averages of the 18-year annual mean moisture flux convergence, precipitation and derived evaporation are 17.3, 19.5 and 2.2 cm a-1 for the Arctic Ocean and 24.9, 33.6 and 8.7 cm a-1 for the Mackenzie domain. However, the range of interannual variations of the flux convergence is about +/-50% of the annual means and more than twice the monthly means. The annual totals of the flux convergence are correlated with station-derived precipitation over the Mackenzie domain and with yearly variations of the Mackenzie discharge. The moisture flux convergence over the Mackenzie domain suggests that station reports underestimate precipitation during the winter months by amounts equivalent to several centimetres per annum.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP WALSH, JE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA.
NR 30
TC 68
Z9 69
U1 2
U2 3
PU CANADIAN METEOR & OCEANOGR SOC
PI ONTARIO
PA PO BOX 334, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO ON L3Y 4X7, CANADA
SN 0705-5900
J9 ATMOS OCEAN
JI Atmos.-Ocean
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 4
BP 733
EP 755
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA QC440
UT WOS:A1994QC44000005
ER
PT J
AU LUHAR, AK
RAO, KS
AF LUHAR, AK
RAO, KS
TI LAGRANGIAN STOCHASTIC DISPERSION MODEL SIMULATIONS OF TRACER DATA IN
NOCTURNAL FLOWS OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DRAINAGE FLOWS; ASCOT DATA;
RANDOM-WALK MODELS
ID RANDOM-WALK MODEL; DRAINAGE FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DEEP VALLEY;
TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT
AB A three-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model (LSDM), which has been formulated to predict dispersion in three-dimensional nocturnal flows over complex terrain, is described. The model uses a Langevin equation in the lateral direction and a pure random-walk equation in the vertical direction. The performance of the model has been evaluated using the U.S. Department of Energy's ASCOT tracer databases collected during the 1984 field study in the Brush Creek valley in western Colorado, and the 1991 field study near the Rocky Flats Plant northwest of Denver. Both held experiments were performed in complex terrain regions where three-dimensional drainage flows were observed at night. The input wind fields and turbulence parameters required by the Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model are derived from meteorological data collected during the tracer experiments. The model-predicted concentrations are extensively compared with the corresponding observed concentrations. Several statistical measures calculated to quantitatively assess the performance of the model are presented. The agreement between the predicted and observed concentrations is satisfactory.
C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
RI Luhar, Ashok/A-1488-2012
NR 25
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 21
BP 3417
EP 3431
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90002-7
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PZ111
UT WOS:A1994PZ11100002
ER
PT J
AU BRIDGMAN, HA
BODHAINE, BA
AF BRIDGMAN, HA
BODHAINE, BA
TI ON THE FREQUENCY OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT EVENTS AT POINT-BARROW, ALASKA,
1983-1992
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ARCTIC HAZE; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORY; ARCTIC BASIN; AEROSOL;
LIGHT SCATTERING; CARBON DIOXIDE
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTH-POLE; AEROSOL; POLLUTION; WINTER; TRAJECTORIES;
VARIABILITY; OZONE; AIR
AB The Point Barrow, Alaska pollutant and meteorological data bases from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) baseline station are evaluated for the first 120 days of each year between 1983 and 1992. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a relationship between gaseous and aerosol pollutants during clean sector winds could be used to indicate periods of long-range transport of pollutants. Representative pollutant parameters used include carbon dioxide and aerosol light scattering (sigma(sp)), with methane, condensation nuclei, and black carbon used in support. Several interesting relationships emerge between the gases and sigma(sp) during long-range transport events: (1) the frequency of clean sector winds for most months is greater than 70%, with the range 31.6-92.8%; (2) high correlations between CO2 and sigma(sp) do not necessarily occur during long-range transport events, and the relationship between the two parameters is weak and erratic; (3) a considerable majority of transport periods occur in January and March, with the highest frequency in the AGASP measurement years 1983 and 1986, in some contrast to previous analysis using only haze as the pollution indicator; (4) pollution reaching surface monitors at Point Barrow most often originates from pooled air in the Arctic Basin, with no clear definition of more distant source regions.
C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE,DEPT GEOG,NEWCASTLE,NSW 2308,AUSTRALIA.
RP BRIDGMAN, HA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 21
BP 3537
EP 3549
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90010-8
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PZ111
UT WOS:A1994PZ11100010
ER
PT J
AU KRUEGER, S
ANDREWS, AP
NOSSAL, R
AF KRUEGER, S
ANDREWS, AP
NOSSAL, R
TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
AGAROSE GELS
SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE NEUTRON SCATTERING; GELS; AGAROSE
ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ORIENTATION;
PERCOLATION; MOLECULES; FRACTALS; SOLVENT; MATRIX; WATER
AB The 30 m small angle neutron scattering facility at the National Institutes of Standards and Technology has been used to examine neutron scattering from agarose gels formed in D2O. Differential scattering cross sections have been acquired over a continuous range of Q between 0.005 and 0.3 Angstrom(-1). Subtle changes in gel structure are observed when pre-gelation agarose concentration is varied. Similarly, except when the gelling solution is rapidly cooled to a low temperature, the rate at which the gels are formed does not seem to have much effect. Clearer evidence of structural rearrangement is observed when the solvent quality is changed by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, or when the temperature of the gel is elevated above 70 degrees C. These data are consistent with a description of a randomly structured polymer network containing discrete self-similar, hydrogen-bonded, junctions normally of minimal thickness approximate to 35-40 Angstrom.
C1 NIH,DIV COMP SCI & TECHNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
COLL WOOSTER,DEPT PHYS,WOOSTER,OH 44691.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-4622
J9 BIOPHYS CHEM
JI Biophys. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 53
IS 1-2
BP 85
EP 94
DI 10.1016/0301-4622(94)00079-4
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry
GA QA837
UT WOS:A1994QA83700010
PM 7841333
ER
PT J
AU DILLINGER, WH
ABELL, MD
AF DILLINGER, WH
ABELL, MD
TI ADJUSTING VLBI DATA TO OBTAIN GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION FOR MOBILE VLBI
SITES
SO BULLETIN GEODESIQUE
LA English
DT Article
ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; PLATE MOTIONS; LONG;
VELOCITIES; GEODESY
AB We have used Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data to compute the site coordinates and constant velocity components for 29 fixed antenna sites and 25 mobile sites. The three singularities which occur in the adjustment with respect to the rotation of the system have been resolved by a constraint holding the net rotation of seven fixed antennas, distributed on the stable portions of four of the geologic plates, to the net rotation for these sites as defined by the NNR-NUVEL1 no net rotation model. In order to achieve a minimally constrained adjustment of this type we have found it necessary to use a new adjustment procedure in which we solve for the coordinates of each site at the weighted mean epoch of all the observations involving that site.
Using the results of the above solution we have computed the departure for each site from the NNR-NUVEL1 rigid plate model. These departures show that the transition zone in western North America from the region of rigidity to the plate boundary is at least 400 km wide, in general agreement with Ward (1988,1990).
RP NOAA, GEOSCI LAB, 1305 E WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0007-4632
J9 B GEOD
JI Bull. Geod.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 69
IS 1
BP 49
EP 59
DI 10.1007/BF00807992
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PX717
UT WOS:A1994PX71700007
ER
PT J
AU MERCALDOALLEN, R
KUROPAT, CA
GREIG, RA
SENNEFELDER, G
AF MERCALDOALLEN, R
KUROPAT, CA
GREIG, RA
SENNEFELDER, G
TI PCB AND METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN AMERICAN LOBSTERS FROM THE ACUSHNET
RIVER ESTUARY AND LONG-ISLAND SOUND
SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
RP MERCALDOALLEN, R (reprint author), NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0007-4861
J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 53
IS 6
BP 820
EP 827
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PN739
UT WOS:A1994PN73900006
PM 7881209
ER
PT J
AU STERN, AD
BRADY, RH
MOORE, PD
CARTER, GM
AF STERN, AD
BRADY, RH
MOORE, PD
CARTER, GM
TI IDENTIFICATION OF AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF
RADAR AND LIGHTNING DATA
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NETWORK; THUNDERSTORMS
AB The National Weather Service Eastern Region is carrying out a national risk-reduction exercise at the Baltimore-Washington Forecast Office in Sterling, Virginia. The primary objective of this project is to integrate information from remote sensor technologies to produce comprehensive state-of-the-atmosphere reports that promote aviation safety. Techniques have been developed and tested to identify aviation-oriented hazardous weather based on data from conventional radars, a national lightning detection network, and collateral observations from new Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) sites that are being deployed throughout the nation. From July through September 1993, an experimental observational product to identify convective activity within 30 n mi of six airports from southern Virginia to Delaware was transmitted three times each hour to personnel at Weather Service Offices and Center Weather Service Units and to the meteorologists and flight dispatchers of five major air carriers. This user-oriented evaluation and the associated statistical analysis has provided important feedback to assess the utility of the product as a supplement to ASOS. integration of information from several products generated by the new Doppler radar at Sterling with lightning network data is being pursued for the second phase of the project. The National Weather Service will determine the viability of this approach to generate products to routinely supplement the information provided by ASOS on either a national or a local basis.
RP STERN, AD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,44087 WEATHER SERV RD,STERLING,VA 20166, USA.
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 12
BP 2269
EP 2280
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2269:IOAWHB>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QB544
UT WOS:A1994QB54400001
ER
PT J
AU GOLDEN, JH
BLUESTEIN, HB
AF GOLDEN, JH
BLUESTEIN, HB
TI THE NOAA NATIONAL-GEOGRAPHIC-SOCIETY WATERSPOUT EXPEDITION (1993)
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE-CYCLE; TORNADOES; FLORIDA
AB This paper describes a field program conducted by NOAA and the National Geographic Society in late August 1993 near Key West, Florida. The mission of the expedition was to obtain close-up photographic documentation of waterspouts. Using a NOAA helicopter as an observing platform, the participants dropped flares onto the sea surface to visualize the airflow and filmed waterspouts using a state-of-the art motion picture camera and still cameras. Over a dozen waterspouts/funnel clouds were observed, and the most detailed movies of spray vortices ever taken were obtained.
C1 NOAA,US WEATHER RES PROGAM OFF,SILVER SPRING,MD.
UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 12
BP 2281
EP 2288
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2281:TNNGSW>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QB544
UT WOS:A1994QB54400002
ER
PT J
AU GAGE, KS
WILLIAMS, CR
ECKLUND, WL
AF GAGE, KS
WILLIAMS, CR
ECKLUND, WL
TI UHF WIND PROFILERS - A NEW TOOL FOR DIAGNOSING TROPICAL CONVECTIVE CLOUD
SYSTEMS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB Uncertainty in the magnitude and distribution of diabatic heating associated with precipitating cloud systems is one of the major factors giving rise to uncertainty in the simulation of large-scale atmospheric circulations in numerical models of the atmosphere. A major international effort is under way to develop an improved parameterization of the hydrological cycle within numerical models. Progress will require better observations of the distribution of the diabatic heating associated with cloud systems in the Tropics. In this paper new observations are presented demonstrating the potential of UHF profilers for diagnosing the vertical structure of convective systems in the Tropics. These preliminary results indicate that while mesoscale convective systems are prevalent in the Tropics them are important contributions to rainfall from smaller-scale warm rain systems that do not extend above the freezing level. They also show that extensive regions of upper-tropospheric precipitating clouds often exist at times when no rain is detected at the surface. These observations provide important information that should prove useful in developing improved methods for estimating precipitation from satellite observations.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015
OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850
NR 22
TC 80
Z9 82
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 12
BP 2289
EP 2294
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2289:UWPANT>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QB544
UT WOS:A1994QB54400003
ER
PT J
AU MCNAUGHTON, DJ
BOWNE, NE
DENNIS, RL
DRAXLER, RR
HANNA, SR
PALMA, T
MARSH, SL
PENNELL, WT
PETERSON, RL
RAMSDELL, JV
RAO, ST
YAMARTINO, RJ
AF MCNAUGHTON, DJ
BOWNE, NE
DENNIS, RL
DRAXLER, RR
HANNA, SR
PALMA, T
MARSH, SL
PENNELL, WT
PETERSON, RL
RAMSDELL, JV
RAO, ST
YAMARTINO, RJ
TI SUMMARY OF THE EIGHTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR-POLLUTION
METEOROLOGY
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB The Eighth Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the Air and Waste Management Association was held in conjunction with the AMS 74th Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, on 23-28 January 1994. Sessions at the meeting covered a broad range of topics including the dispersion environment, meteorology in emissions determination, long-range and mesoscale pollutant transport and fate, meteorology and photochemistry, advanced dispersion models and modeling systems, model evaluation, complex flows affecting dispersion neat structures, and coastal and complex terrain issues. Papers followed some recurrent themes but many reported applications of new technology that provide new opportunities to see atmospheric characteristics and complexities for the first time. Innovative techniques were described in data analysis and presentation and modeling.
C1 AREAL EPA, NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA.
NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA.
EARTH TECH, CONCORD, MA USA.
TRC ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA.
SO CALIF EDISON CO, ROSEMEAD, CA USA.
PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA.
CERMAK PETERKA & PETERSON INC, FT COLLINS, CO USA.
NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, ALBANY, NY USA.
RP MCNAUGHTON, DJ (reprint author), EARTH TECH, 19 PROCTOR DR, W HARTFORD, CT 06117 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 12
BP 2303
EP 2311
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QB544
UT WOS:A1994QB54400005
ER
PT J
AU PENNER, JE
CHARLSON, RJ
HALES, JM
LAULAINEN, NS
LEIFER, R
NOVAKOV, T
OGREN, J
RADKE, LF
SCHWARTZ, SE
TRAVIS, L
AF PENNER, JE
CHARLSON, RJ
HALES, JM
LAULAINEN, NS
LEIFER, R
NOVAKOV, T
OGREN, J
RADKE, LF
SCHWARTZ, SE
TRAVIS, L
TI QUANTIFYING AND MINIMIZING UNCERTAINTY OF CLIMATE FORCING BY
ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS - COMMENT - REPLY
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Letter
ID NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; SULFATE
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA.
PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA.
ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY USA.
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA USA.
NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA.
BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA.
NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA.
ENVAIR, RICHLAND, WA USA.
RP PENNER, JE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA.
RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012
OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X;
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 12
BP 2315
EP 2316
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QB544
UT WOS:A1994QB54400007
ER
PT J
AU RICHARDS, LJ
MEGREY, BA
AF RICHARDS, LJ
MEGREY, BA
TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF FISHERIES DATA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOURCES
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
RP RICHARDS, LJ (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,PACIFIC BIOL STN,BIOL SCI BRANCH,NANAIMO,BC V9R 5K6,CANADA.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 12
BP 2640
EP 2641
DI 10.1139/f94-263
PG 2
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RD718
UT WOS:A1994RD71800001
ER
PT J
AU KLEIBER, P
HAMPTON, J
AF KLEIBER, P
HAMPTON, J
TI MODELING EFFECTS OF FADS AND ISLANDS ON MOVEMENT OF SKIPJACK TUNA
(KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS) - ESTIMATING PARAMETERS FROM TAGGING DATA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN-PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISH; YELLOWFIN; DEVICES
AB From an experiment with ordinary dart tags, we have found evidence of the effect of fish-aggregating devices (FADs) and of islands on the movements of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) around the Solomon Islands. By fitting a fish movement model to the tag data, we were able to estimate mortality and movement parameters (including diffusivity), parameters of a function that models FAD attraction, and a separate parameter of island attraction. Diffusivity was high enough to effectively distribute fish throughout the island archipelago (approximately 150 000 km(2)) within a few months. Estimates of FAD parameters indicate that the presence of up to four or five FADs in an area approximately 50 x 50 km can reduce the propensity for skipjack to leave that area by approximately 50%, but that deploying additional FADs in such an area does not significantly increase their effectiveness in holding skipjack. Estimates of the island attraction parameter imply that the propensity of skipjack for movement away from the archipelago is less than half the propensity for movement within it.
C1 S PACIFIC COMMISS,OCEAN FISHERIES PROGRAMME,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA.
RP KLEIBER, P (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 16
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 12
BP 2642
EP 2653
DI 10.1139/f94-264
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RD718
UT WOS:A1994RD71800002
ER
PT J
AU THOMPSON, GG
AF THOMPSON, GG
TI CONFOUNDING OF GEAR SELECTIVITY AND THE NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE IN CASES
WHERE THE FORMER IS A NONMONOTONE FUNCTION OF AGE
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT ADVICE; COHORT ANALYSIS; ERRORS;
PARAMETERS; MODEL
AB An ''exponential-logistic'' selectivity function is presented in which a single parameter (gamma) determines whether gear selectivity is asymptotic (gamma = 0) or reaches a maximum at finite age (gamma > 0). The function is used to develop a model in which both gamma and the natural mortality rate M are formally indeterminate and in which the coming year's catch limit can be viewed as a response function of either estimated gamma or estimated M. Decision theory is then used to derive the optimal catch. The optimal catch is shown to increase with the degree of uncertainty surrounding M, although this conclusion may depend on the short managerial time frame assumed. Three ''suboptimal'' strategies are also considered: (1) setting catch at the level corresponding to the expected value of M, (2) setting catch at the minimum of the response function, and (3) setting catch at the level corresponding to gamma = 0. The first suboptimal strategy never results in a catch greater than the optimum and always results in a lower expected loss than the second. The performance of the third strategy (relative to the others) depends on parameter values.
RP THOMPSON, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 29
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 12
BP 2654
EP 2664
DI 10.1139/f94-265
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RD718
UT WOS:A1994RD71800003
ER
PT J
AU MEGREY, BA
HOLLOWED, AB
BALDWIN, RT
AF MEGREY, BA
HOLLOWED, AB
BALDWIN, RT
TI SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMUM HARVEST STRATEGY ESTIMATES TO ALTERNATIVE
DEFINITIONS OF RISK
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; YIELD
AB A stochastic age-structured bioeconomic simulation model was developed as a tool for evaluating economic returns to a fishery from alternative harvest policies. The model, which was applied to the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery, combines the dual goals of protection of the base stock and efficient use of the public resource into an explicit objective function. This paper presents the results of several experiments in which the simulation model is used to examine the sensitivity of the optimum harvest strategy estimates to alternative definitions of risk and assumptions regarding recruitment. Alternative definitions of risk consider assumptions about stock productivity, threshold biomass, economic factors, and hybrid formulations. The bioeconomic extension of the population dynamics model is used to quantify differences in the estimates of optimum fishing mortality obtained from the different risk definitions. Model results demonstrate that estimates of optimal fishing mortality and economic return to the fishery are sensitive to the specific definition of risk used to manage the fishery. The recruitment assumption turned out to be more important to optimum harvest strategy estimates than did risk definitions.
C1 US FOREST SERV,ALASKA REG OFF,JUNEAU,AK 99802.
RP MEGREY, BA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 12
BP 2695
EP 2704
DI 10.1139/f94-269
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RD718
UT WOS:A1994RD71800007
ER
PT J
AU ROSENBERG, AA
RESTREPO, VR
AF ROSENBERG, AA
RESTREPO, VR
TI UNCERTAINTY AND RISK-EVALUATION IN STOCK ASSESSMENT ADVICE FOR US MARINE
FISHERIES
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper describes some of the ways that the uncertainty in fisheries scientific advice has been communicated to managers for different fisheries in the United States in the past several years. Describing the uncertainty can be important in allowing managers to weigh the benefits and losses of different management strategies and to allay concerns about the effects of process, measurement, and model errors on the scientific advice, even if a formal decision theoretic risk analysis has not been carried out. The four general steps in analyzing uncertainty and assessing risk are estimation of the uncertainty in the assessment of current stock status due to measurement error, evaluation of the impacts of potential model errors on the assessment, stochastic projections incorporating estimation error and process errors to investigate the impacts of different management options, and assessment of risk using simple utility functions. At least one of these steps has been included in assessment analyses of about 20 major U.S. fisheries. All of these steps have been incorporated in the scientific advice on a few fisheries to date and should be attempted whenever possible to improve the information available to fishery managers.
C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149.
RP ROSENBERG, AA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02540, USA.
NR 41
TC 76
Z9 78
U1 2
U2 8
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 12
BP 2715
EP 2720
DI 10.1139/f94-271
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RD718
UT WOS:A1994RD71800009
ER
PT J
AU JACOX, ME
AF JACOX, ME
TI THE VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY LEVELS OF SMALL TRANSIENT MOLECULES ISOLATED IN
NEON AND ARGON MATRICES
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY;
VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; SUPERSONIC
FREE-JET; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY LASER;
FLUOROBENZENE RADICAL CATIONS; FLASH KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATE
DYNAMICS
AB Shifts in the ground-state vibrational fundamental frequencies of diatomic and small polyatomic free radicals, molecular ions, and other short-lived molecules upon trapping in neon and argon matrices are reviewed, with extensive documentation. Recent experimental and theoretical papers concerned with matrix shift phenomena are also discussed. The vibrational fundamentals of most molecules appear at somewhat lower frequencies in an argon matrix than in a neon matrix. Distributions of the matrix shifts have been obtained for stretching, hydrogen-stretching, and bending fundamentals. Neon-matrix shifts are typically smaller than argon-matrix shifts. There is a slight tendency for stretching vibrations observed in an argon matrix to lie below the gas-phase band centers.
RP NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 365
TC 143
Z9 143
U1 0
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-0104
EI 1873-4421
J9 CHEM PHYS
JI Chem. Phys.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 189
IS 2
BP 149
EP 170
DI 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00143-X
PG 22
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PU856
UT WOS:A1994PU85600003
ER
PT J
AU SHADDIX, CR
HARRINGTON, JE
SMYTH, KC
AF SHADDIX, CR
HARRINGTON, JE
SMYTH, KC
TI QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF ENHANCED SOOT PRODUCTION IN A FLICKERING
METHANE AIR DIFFUSION FLAME
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th International Symposium on Combustion
CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994
CL IRVINE, CA
ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIAGNOSTICS; GROWTH
AB Integrated models of soot production and oxidation are based upon experimental results obtained in steady, laminar flames. For successful application of these descriptions to turbulent combustion, it is instructive to test predictions of soot concentrations against experimental measurements obtained in time-varying flowfields. This paper reports quantitative measurements of the local soot volume fraction in a co-flowing, flickering CH4/air diffusion flame burning at atmospheric pressure. Acoustic forcing of the fuel flow rate is used to phase lock the periodic flame flicker close to the natural flicker frequency. Our measurements show that soot production is four times greater for a forcing condition in which flame tip clipping occurs, compared with a steady flame burning with the same mean fuel flow velocity. The soot field in the flickering flame has been characterized using tomographic reconstruction of extinction data obtained at 632.8 nm, laser-induced incandescence (LII) images calibrated against steady CH4/air extinction results, and vertically polarized scattering data. The LII method is found to track the soot volume fraction closely and to give better signal-to-noise than the extinction measurements in both the steady and time-varying flowfields. A Mie analysis of these results suggests that the flickering flame exhibits similar number densities but larger particle sizes than the corresponding steady flame.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 44
TC 105
Z9 106
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 3-4
BP 723
EP 732
DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90067-1
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PX970
UT WOS:A1994PX97000032
ER
PT J
AU STEIN, JE
REICHERT, WL
VARANASI, U
AF STEIN, JE
REICHERT, WL
VARANASI, U
TI MOLECULAR EPIZOOTIOLOGY - ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO GENOTOXIC COMPOUNDS
IN TELEOSTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Napa Conference on Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology
CY OCT 12-15, 1993
CL YOUNTVILLE, CA
DE FISH; DNA ADDUCTS; P-32 POSTLABELING; MOLECULAR DOSIMETERS; PAHS
ID P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; AROMATIC DNA ADDUCTS; SOLE
PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; WINTER FLOUNDER;
RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; ASSAY; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE;
BENZOPYRENE
AB The recent development of techniques to measure levels of carcinogens covalently bound to DNA provides the opportunity to use DNA adducts as molecular dosimeters of exposure to environmental carcinogens and mutagens. This is especially important because epizootiological studies have shown a positive association between environmental carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and increased prevalence of neoplasms and related lesions, primarily in liver, of benthic fish species from a wide range of urban and industrialized areas. In studies with wild fish and mammalian species the P-32-postlabeling assay, as developed for aromatic compounds, has been used most extensively because of its high sensitivity and ability to detect structurally uncharacterized adducts. The results to date of field and laboratory studies show that hepatic DNA adducts detected in fish are associated with increased exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic compounds in the preponderance of species examined, whereas in the limited studies with wild mammals, such a relationship is equivocal at present. The findings with fish suggest that DNA adducts, as measured by P-32-postlabeling, have the potential to be effective molecular dosimeters of exposure to environmental carcinogenic aromatic compounds and thereby may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of neoplasia in wild teleosts.
RP STEIN, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 38
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 12
BP 19
EP 23
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QE659
UT WOS:A1994QE65900004
PM 7713027
ER
PT J
AU WOLFE, DA
HAMEEDI, MJ
GALT, JA
WATABAYASHI, G
SHORT, J
OCLAIRE, C
RICE, S
MICHEL, J
PAYNE, JR
BRADDOCK, J
HANNA, S
SALE, D
AF WOLFE, DA
HAMEEDI, MJ
GALT, JA
WATABAYASHI, G
SHORT, J
OCLAIRE, C
RICE, S
MICHEL, J
PAYNE, JR
BRADDOCK, J
HANNA, S
SALE, D
TI THE FATE OF THE OIL SPILLED FROM THE EXXON-VALDEZ
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROCARBONS; BIODEGRADATION
AB Douglas Wolfe et al. have reconstructed a spatial-temporal mass balance up through the summer of 1992 for the oil spilled in Alaska's Prince William Sound. In this article, the authors present their conclusions and an overview of the observations that support their analysis.
C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
NOAA,AUKE BAY,AK 99821.
RES PLANNING INC,COLUMBIA,SC 29201.
SOUND ENVIRONM SERV INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92008.
UNIV ALASKA,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775.
SIGMA RES CORP,CONCORD,MA 01742.
SNOW OTTER CONSULTING,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501.
RP WOLFE, DA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENTS BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 60
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 13
BP A560
EP A568
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PV171
UT WOS:A1994PV17100003
PM 22663575
ER
PT J
AU ATWOOD, DK
BRATKOVICH, A
GALLAGHER, M
HITCHCOCK, GL
AF ATWOOD, DK
BRATKOVICH, A
GALLAGHER, M
HITCHCOCK, GL
TI INTRODUCTION TO THE DEDICATED ISSUE
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,NOAA CORPS,MIAMI,FL 33149.
NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149.
NR 2
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 729
EP 731
DI 10.1007/BF02690110
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600001
ER
PT J
AU EADIE, BJ
MCKEE, BA
LANSING, MB
ROBBINS, JA
METZ, S
TREFRY, JH
AF EADIE, BJ
MCKEE, BA
LANSING, MB
ROBBINS, JA
METZ, S
TREFRY, JH
TI RECORDS OF NUTRIENT-ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN SEDIMENTS
FROM THE LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-CARBON; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER;
MARINE-SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; LAKE-ONTARIO; FOOD WEB; MEXICO;
MATTER; GULF
AB Shelf sediments from near the mouth of the Mississippi River were collected and analyzed to examine whether records of the consequences of anthropogenic nutrient loading are preserved. Cores representing approximately 100 yr of accumulation have increasing concentrations of organic matter over this period, indicating increased accumulation of organic carbon, rapid early diagenesis, or a combination of these processes. Stable carbon isotopes and organic tracers show that virtually all of this increase is of marine origin. Evidence from two cores near the river mouth, one within the region of chronic seasonal hypoxia and one nearby but outside the hypoxic region, indicate that changes consistent with increased productivity began by approximately the mid-1950s when the inorganic carbon in benthic forams rapidly became isotopically lighter at both stations. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the accumulation of organic matter, organic delta(13)C and delta(15)N all show large changes in a direction consistent with increased productivity. This last period coincides with a doubling of the load of nutrients from the Mississippi River, which levelled off in the mid-1980s. These data support the hypothesis that anthropogenic nutrient loading has had a significant impact on the Louisiana shelf.
C1 LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM,CHAUVIN,LA 70344.
FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901.
RP EADIE, BJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
OI Trefry, John/0000-0002-8451-5524
NR 58
TC 103
Z9 105
U1 3
U2 14
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 754
EP 765
DI 10.2307/1352745
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600004
ER
PT J
AU BRATKOVICH, A
DINNEL, SP
GOOLSBY, DA
AF BRATKOVICH, A
DINNEL, SP
GOOLSBY, DA
TI VARIABILITY AND PREDICTION OF FRESH-WATER AND NITRATE FLUXES FOR THE
LOUISIANA-TEXAS SHELF - MISSISSIPPI AND ATCHAFALAYA RIVER SOURCE
FUNCTIONS
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER
AB Time histories of riverine water discharge, nitrate concentration, and nitrate flux have been analyzed for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Results indicate that water discharge variability is dominated by the annual cycle and shorter-time-scale episodic events presumably associated with snowmelt runoff and spring or summer rains. Interannual variability in water discharge is relatively small compared to the above, In contrast, nitrate concentration exhibits strongest variability at decadal time scales. The interannual variability is not monotonic but more complicated in structure. Weak covariability between water discharge and nitrate concentration leads to a relatively ''noisy'' nitrate flux signal. Nitrate flux variations exhibit a low-amplitude, long-term modulation of a dominant annual cycle. Predictor-hindcastor analyses indicate that skilled forecasts of nitrate concentration and nitrate flux fields are feasible. Water discharge was the most reliably hindcast (on seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the fundamental strength of the annual hydrologic cycle. However, the forecasting effort for this variable was less successful than the hindcasting effort, mostly due to a phase shift in the annual cycle during our relatively short test period (18 mo). Nitrate concentration was more skillfully predicted (seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the relative dominance of the decadal-scale portion of the signal. Nitrate flux was also skillfully forecast even though historical analyses seemed to indicate that it should be more difficult to predict than either water discharge or nitrate concentration.
C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529.
US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225.
RP BRATKOVICH, A (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 22
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 2
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 766
EP 778
DI 10.2307/1352746
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600005
ER
PT J
AU LOHRENZ, SE
FAHNENSTIEL, GL
REDALJE, DG
AF LOHRENZ, SE
FAHNENSTIEL, GL
REDALJE, DG
TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN RELATION
TO ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS IN COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHERN
GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SIMULATED INSITU METHODS;
MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES; PRIMARY PRODUCERS; DIEL
PERIODICITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CARBON BIOMASS; GROWTH-RATES; SHORT-TERM
AB On a series of eight cruises conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico, efforts were made to characterize temporal and spatial variability in parameters of the photosynthesis-irradiance saturation curve (P-max(B), alpha(B), I-k) and to relate the observed variations to environmental conditions. Experiments to examine the importance of diel variation in upper mixed layer populations were conducted in July-August 1990 and March 1991. During July-August 1990, P-max(B) and I-k showed significant increases and alpha(B) decreased during the photoperiod in both river plume and shelf-slope populations. During March 1991, no consistent covariance of P-I parameters with local time was found, although highest values of alpha(B) in the river plume were observed in early morning. Seasonal variation in P-max(B), and alpha(B) were correlated with temperture. Spatial variations of photosynthetic parameters in the upper mixed layer ranged from twofold to threefold within any given cruise. Variations of photosynthetic parameters in the upper mixed layer were related to principal components derived from environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, mixed layer depth, attenuation coefficient, and daily photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). Greater than 70% of the variation in the environmental variables could be accounted for by two principal components; the majority of this variation was associated with the first principal component, which was generally strongly correlated with salinity, nutrients, mixed layer depth, and attenuation coefficient. Correlations of P-max(B), alpha(B), and I-k with the first principal component were found to be significant in some cases, an indication that spatial variability in P-I parameters was related to river outflow. Variation of P-I parameters in relation to depth and PAR were evaluated by regressions with principal components derived from depth, temperature, and mean daily PAR. For most cruises, P-max(B), and I-k were negatively correlated with the first principal component, which was strongly positively correlated with depth and negatively correlated with daily PAR. This was consistent with a decrease in both P-max(B), and I-k with depth that could be related to decreasing daily PAR. Positive correlations of alpha(B) with the first principal component for two cruises, March 1991 and April 1992, indicated an increasing trend with depth. In conclusion, relationships between P-I parameters and environmental variables in the region of study were significant in some cases, but variation between cruises made it difficult to generalize. We attributed this variation to the physically dynamic characteristics of the region and the possible effects of variables that were not included in the analysis such as species composition. Our findings do support the view that a limited set of observations may be adequate to characterize P-I parameter distributions in a given region within a restricted period of time.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP LOHRENZ, SE (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA.
OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975
NR 62
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 12
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 779
EP 795
DI 10.2307/1352747
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600006
ER
PT J
AU GARDNER, WS
BENNER, R
CHINLEO, G
COTNER, JB
EADIE, BJ
CAVALETTO, JF
LANSING, MB
AF GARDNER, WS
BENNER, R
CHINLEO, G
COTNER, JB
EADIE, BJ
CAVALETTO, JF
LANSING, MB
TI MINERALIZATION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL AND BACTERIAL DYNAMICS IN MISSISSIPPI
RIVER PLUME WATER
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; COASTAL WATERS;
LAKE-MICHIGAN; BOTTOM WATER; AMMONIUM; BACTERIOPLANKTON; SYSTEM; CARBON;
RATES
AB Net remineralization rates of organic matter and bacterial growth rates were observed in dark-bottle incubation experiments conducted in July-August and February with water samples collected from sites in the Mississippi River plume of the Gulf of Mexico. Our objectives were to measure site-specific degradation rates of labile dissolved and particulate organic matter, quantify the potential importance of bacteria in these processes, and examine the kinetics of degradation over time. Unfiltered samples, and samples treated to remove (or dilute out) particles larger than bacteria, were enclosed in 9-1 bottles and incubated in, the dark for 3-5 d. Respiration rates and inorganic compound accumulation rates were higher in summer than in winter and were highest in unfiltered surface samples at sites of intermediate salinities where phytoplankton were most abundant. The ratio of ammonium accumulation to oxygen removal in summer experiments suggested that the mineralized organic material resembled ''Redfield''' stoichiometry. Chemical fluxes were greater in bottles containing large (>1-3 mu m) particles than in the bottles with these particles removed, but bacterial activities were generally similar in both treatments. These results suggest that particle consumers were an important component of total organic matter degradation. However, these experiments may have underestimated natural bacterial degradation rates because the absence of light could affect the production of labile organic substrates by phytoplankton, In agreement, with this hypothesis, bacterial growth rates tended to decrease over time in summer in surface plume waters where phytoplankton were abundant. In conjunction with other data, our results indicate that heterotrophic processes in the water column are spatially and temporally dependent on phytoplankton production.
C1 UNIV TEXAS,INST MARINE SCI,PORT ARANSAS,TX 78373.
RP GARDNER, WS (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015
OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777
NR 44
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 11
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 816
EP 828
DI 10.2307/1352750
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600009
ER
PT J
AU REDALJE, DG
LOHRENZ, SE
FAHNENSTIEL, GL
AF REDALJE, DG
LOHRENZ, SE
FAHNENSTIEL, GL
TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND THE VERTICAL EXPORT OF
PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER IN A RIVER-IMPACTED COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN; CARBON; ZOOPLANKTON; INSITU; MEXICO; ALGAE;
FLUX; GULF
AB As part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity program, we have conducted four research cruises, July-August 1990, March 1991, September 1991, and May 1992, in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent shelf regions. Over this time period, photic-zone-integrated primary production varied significantly in both the river plume and shelf study regions, with greatest variability observed in the river plume region. In the river plume and the adjacent shelf, highest production occurred during July-August 1990 (8.17 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 1.89-3.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf) and the lowest during March 1991 (0.40-0.69 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.12-0.45 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf). The vertical export of POC from the euphotic zone, determined with free-floating MULTITRAP sediment trap systems, also varied temporally in both study regions, with highest values occurring in May 1992 (1.80 +/- 0.04 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.40 +/- 0.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf) and the lowest values occurring during July-August 1990 (0.29 +/- 0.02 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the plume and 0.18 +/- 0.01 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the shelf). The fraction of production exported out of the photic zone was highly variable and was dependent, in part, on phytoplankton species composition and on the grazing activities of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. The lowest ratio of export to production coincided with the time when production was greatest and the highest ratios occurred when production was the lowest.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP REDALJE, DG (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA.
OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975
NR 33
TC 86
Z9 86
U1 0
U2 10
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 829
EP 838
DI 10.2307/1352751
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600010
ER
PT J
AU TREFRY, JH
METZ, S
NELSEN, TA
TROCINE, RP
EADIE, BJ
AF TREFRY, JH
METZ, S
NELSEN, TA
TROCINE, RP
EADIE, BJ
TI TRANSPORT OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON BY THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS
FATE IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN
AB This study was designed to determine the amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) introduced to the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River and assess the influence of POC inputs on the development of hypoxia and burial of organic carbon on the Louisiana continental shelf. Samples of suspended sediment and supporting hydrographic data were collected from the river and >50 sites on the adjacent shelf. Suspended particles collected in the river averaged 1.8 +/- 0.3% organic carbon. Because of this uniformity, POC values (in mu mol l(-1)) correlated well with concentrations of total suspended matter. Net transport of total organic carbon by the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system averaged 0.48 X 10(12) moles y(-1) with 66% of the total organic carbon carried as POC. Concentrations of POC decreased from as high as 600 mu mol l(-1) in the river to <0.8 mu mol l(-1) in offshore waters. In contrast, the organic carbon fraction of the suspended matter increased from <2% of the total mass in the river to >35% along the shelf at greater than or equal to 10 km from the river mouth. River flow was a dominant factor in controlling particle and POC distributions; however, time-series data showed that tides and weather fronts can influence particle movement and POC concentrations. Values for apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) increased from similar to 60 mu mol l(-1) to >200 mu mol l(-1) along the shelf on approach to the region of chronic hypoxia. Short-term increases in AOU were related to transport of more particle-rich waters. Sediments buried on the shelf contained less organic carbon than incoming river particles. Organic carbon and delta(13)C values for shelf sediments indicated that large amounts of both terrigenous and marine organic carbon are being decomposed in shelf waters and sediments to fuel observed hypoxia.
C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149.
NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP TREFRY, JH (reprint author), FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901, USA.
OI Trefry, John/0000-0002-8451-5524
NR 22
TC 77
Z9 80
U1 0
U2 12
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 839
EP 849
DI 10.2307/1352752
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600011
ER
PT J
AU NELSEN, TA
BLACKWELDER, P
HOOD, T
MCKEE, B
ROMER, N
ALVAREZZARIKIAN, C
METZ, S
AF NELSEN, TA
BLACKWELDER, P
HOOD, T
MCKEE, B
ROMER, N
ALVAREZZARIKIAN, C
METZ, S
TI TIME-BASED CORRELATION OF BIOGENIC, LITHOGENIC AND AUTHIGENIC SEDIMENT
COMPONENTS WITH ANTHROPOGENIC INPUTS IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO - NECOP STUDY
AREA
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; EXPORT; SHELF
AB Hypotheses related to variability in seasonal hypoxic conditions, coastal nutrient enhancement, and offshelf transport of carbon on the Louisiana continental shelf were tested by characterization of biogenic, lithogenic, and authigenic components from two shelf and one Mississippi Canyon sediment cores. The authigenic-phase glauconite occurs above detection limits only in the core from the hypoxic area. A major increase in glauconite concentration was coincident with the onset (similar to 1940) of the increased use of commercial fertilizers in the United States. In the same hypoxic-area core, benthic foraminifera species diversity decreases upcore from approximately the turn of the century to the present in a manner concurrent with glauconite and fertilizer increases. A subset of opportunistic benthic foraminifera species, known to become more prominent in stressed environments (i.e., hypoxic), increased upcore from similar to 52% of the total population at core bottom to similar to 90% at core top. These benthic foraminifera population and diversity changes were not apparent in a ''control'' core outside the area of documented hypoxia. Seaward of the shelf, in the Mississippi Canyon, coincident increases in sediment accumulation rate, percentages of coarse fraction and of organc carbon at core top indicate increased offshelf transport of carbon and other components. Quartz percentages indicate that episodic down-canyon transport has been active to core bottom (prior to the mid 1800s).
C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS,MIAMI,FL 33149.
LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM,CHAUVIN,LA 70344.
FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL 32901.
RP NELSEN, TA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,4301 RICKENBACHER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 35
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 2
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 873
EP 885
DI 10.2307/1352755
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600014
ER
PT J
AU HENDEE, JC
AF HENDEE, JC
TI DATA MANAGEMENT FOR THE NUTRIENT ENHANCED COASTAL OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY
PROGRAM
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
RP HENDEE, JC (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV ORGAN CHEM,4301 RICHENBACHER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010
OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 4
BP 900
EP 903
DI 10.2307/1352757
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QJ256
UT WOS:A1994QJ25600016
ER
PT J
AU MANG, JT
KUMAR, S
HAMMOUDA, B
AF MANG, JT
KUMAR, S
HAMMOUDA, B
TI DISCOTIC MICELLAR NEMATIC AND LAMELLAR PHASES UNDER SHEAR-FLOW
SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; STEADY-STATE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; SURFACTANT;
SELECTION; ALIGNMENT; BEHAVIOR; FLUIDS
AB Small-angle neutron scattering was employed to study the effect of shear flow on the nematic (N) and lamellar (L(alpha)) phases in aqueous solutions of cesium perfluoro-octanoate. Shear rates as high as similar to 4000 s(-1) were used. The N phase was found to align with the director in the direction of the gradient velocity. The L, phase oriented with lamellae parallel to the shear plane. This change in equilibrium orientation is attributed, primarily, to changes in the value of the Ericksen viscosity parameter at. Subtle shear-rate-dependent director reorientations were also observed in the proximity of the N-to-L(alpha) phase transition.
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MANG, JT (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KENT,OH 44242, USA.
NR 32
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 5
PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE
PI LES ULIS CEDEX
PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX,
FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EUROPHYS LETT
JI Europhys. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 7
BP 489
EP 494
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/28/7/006
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PW040
UT WOS:A1994PW04000006
ER
PT J
AU ZHOU, MY
CHEN, Z
HUANG, RH
WANG, QM
ARIMOTO, R
PARUNGO, F
LENSCHOW, D
OKADA, K
WU, PM
AF ZHOU, MY
CHEN, Z
HUANG, RH
WANG, QM
ARIMOTO, R
PARUNGO, F
LENSCHOW, D
OKADA, K
WU, PM
TI EFFECTS OF 2 DUST STORMS ON SOLAR-RADIATION IN THE BEIJING-TIANJIN AREA
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE-ELEMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; SAHARAN
DUST; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; ASIA
AB AVHRR albedo data obtained from the NOAA-11 satellite and chemical data for aerosol particle samples collected in Beijing were interpreted together with meteorological data to study the radiative effects of Asian dust. Compared with the clear-sky background, the albedo values for the Beijing area during two dust storms in April 1993 increased by 20 to 125%; the direct solar radiation flux at the surface decreased; and the scattered radiation flux at the surface increased. The total solar radiation flux at the ground during the two dust storms decreased by 40% and 10% respectively. Furthermore, the extent of the changes was related to the strength of the dust storms. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite data to study the radiative forcing of dust storms.
C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882.
NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
METEOROL RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN.
RP ZHOU, MY (reprint author), STATE OCEAN ADM,NATL RES CTR MARINE ENVIRONM FORECASTS,8 DA HIU SI,HAI DIAN DIV,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
NR 15
TC 11
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 24
BP 2697
EP 2700
DI 10.1029/94GL02585
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PV803
UT WOS:A1994PV80300022
ER
PT J
AU MCCALLUM, DS
CARTWRIGHT, AN
SMIRL, AL
TSENG, WF
PELLEGRINO, JG
COMAS, J
AF MCCALLUM, DS
CARTWRIGHT, AN
SMIRL, AL
TSENG, WF
PELLEGRINO, JG
COMAS, J
TI SCALING OF THE NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CROSS-SECTIONS OF GAAS-ALGAAS
MULTIPLE-QUANTUM-WELL HETERO N-I-P-IS
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFECT DEVICE; DOPING SUPERLATTICES; MODULATOR;
ELECTROABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; REFRACTION; PHOTONICS
AB We study the dependence of the Stark shift optical nonlinearity of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum-well hetero n-i-p-i's on the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region in otherwise identical hetero n-i-p-i's, We determine that sigma(eh), the nonlinear absorption cross section, is proportional to the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region, A study of the fluence dependence of sigma(eh), shows that the saturation carrier density is inversely proportional to the number of wells per intrinsic region, We find that the turn-on time of the nonlinear absorption change in our samples is independent of the number of quantum wells per intrinsic region, All of these results are consistent with the absence of retrapping of photogenerated carriers,
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MCCALLUM, DS (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,PHOTON & QUANTUM ELECTR LAB,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA.
RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008
OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 12
BP 2790
EP 2797
DI 10.1109/3.362731
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA QC405
UT WOS:A1994QC40500008
ER
PT J
AU VAMPOLA, AL
LAURIENTE, M
WILKINSON, DC
ALLEN, J
ALBIN, F
AF VAMPOLA, AL
LAURIENTE, M
WILKINSON, DC
ALLEN, J
ALBIN, F
TI SINGLE EVENT UPSETS CORRELATED WITH ENVIRONMENT
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1994 IEEE Annual Conference on Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects
(NSREC 94)
CY JUL 18-22, 1994
CL TUCSON, AZ
SP IEEE
AB Single Event Upset rates on satellites in different Earth orbits are correlated with solar protons and geomagnetic activity and also with the NASA AP8 proton model to extract information about satellite anomalies caused by the space environment. An extensive discussion of the SEU data base from the TOMS solid state recorder and an algorithm for correcting spontaneous upsets in it are included as an Appendix, SAMPEX and TOMS, which have the same memory chips, have similar normalized responses in the South Atlantic Anomaly, SEU rates due to solar protons over the polar caps are within expectations. No geomagnetic activity effects can be discerned in the SEU rates.
C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP VAMPOLA, AL (reprint author), UNIV GREENBELT,RES FDN,6411 IVY LANE,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA.
NR 7
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 6
BP 2383
EP 2388
DI 10.1109/23.340591
PN 1
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA PZ157
UT WOS:A1994PZ15700080
ER
PT J
AU SCHNEIDERMAN, H
NASHMAN, M
AF SCHNEIDERMAN, H
NASHMAN, M
TI A DISCRIMINATING FEATURE TRACKER FOR VISION-BASED AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
LA English
DT Note
AB A new vision-based technique for autonomous driving is described. This approach explicitly addresses and compensates for two forms of uncertainty: uncertainty about changes in road direction and uncertainty in the measurements of the road derived in each image. Autonomous driving has been demonstrated on both local roads and highways at speeds up to 100 km/h. The algorithm has performed well in the presence of non-ideal road conditions including gaps in the lane markers, sharp curves, shadows, cracks in the pavement, and wet roads. It has also performed well in rain, dusk, and nighttime driving with headlights.
C1 NIST,DIV INTELLIGENT SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SCHNEIDERMAN, H (reprint author), CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,INST ROBOT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA.
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 1042-296X
J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM
JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 6
BP 769
EP 775
DI 10.1109/70.338531
PG 7
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA PY303
UT WOS:A1994PY30300005
ER
PT J
AU IGNATOV, AM
DERGILEVA, IL
AF IGNATOV, AM
DERGILEVA, IL
TI ANGULAR EFFECT IN DUAL-WINDOW AVHRR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OVER OCEANS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Note
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL
AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR/2 on NOAA satellites measures brightness temperatures (BT) at different viewing angles. We propose a statistical method to assess the amplitude of the angular effect in both the original BT's under cloud-free conditions and the estimated sea surface temperature (SST). The method is applied to the Analogue Picture Transmission BT's in AVHRR/2 Channels 3 (3.7 mu m) and 4 (10.8 mu m). We analyse two independent data sets collected over the same target in tropical Atlantic in June 1987 and December 1988 from NOAA-10 and NOAA-11, respectively.
C1 MARINE HYDROPHYS INST,SEVASTOPOL 335005,UKRAINE.
RP IGNATOV, AM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 18
BP 3845
EP 3850
PG 6
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA PZ447
UT WOS:A1994PZ44700016
ER
PT J
AU VECCHIA, DF
SPLETT, JD
AF VECCHIA, DF
SPLETT, JD
TI OUTLIER-RESISTANT METHODS FOR ESTIMATION AND MODEL-FITTING
SO ISA TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE ROBUST ESTIMATION; OUTLIERS; LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARES; M-ESTIMATORS;
L-ESTIMATORS; R-ESTIMATORS; LEAST SQUARES; OUTLIER DETECTION
AB Least squares is perhaps the most widely used technique for model fitting. In this article, we illustrate the poor performance of least squares when there are spurious values, or outliers, in a sequence of measurements. A brief overview of three well-known classes of robust alternatives to the least-squares mean is presented. For robust regression, a recent proposal called least median of squares (LMS) is described. LMS regression is compared to least-squares regression in an example involving the estimation of optical fiber geometry. References are provided for software that is available for robust estimation techniques surveyed in this article.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0019-0578
J9 ISA T
JI ISA Trans.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 4
BP 411
EP 420
DI 10.1016/0019-0578(94)90024-8
PG 10
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA QC396
UT WOS:A1994QC39600011
ER
PT J
AU MASUR, LJ
PODTBURG, ER
CRAVEN, CA
OTTO, A
WANG, ZL
KROEGER, DM
AF MASUR, LJ
PODTBURG, ER
CRAVEN, CA
OTTO, A
WANG, ZL
KROEGER, DM
TI ADVANCES IN THE PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF YBA2CU4O8
SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WIRES
AB High-filament-count, silver-sheathed composite wires of YBa2Cu4O8 were prepared by a metallic precursor route. The ductility of the metallic precursor enabled the manufacture of tapes containing up to 962,407 filaments, with filament dimensions as fine as 0.25 mu m thick and 1 mu m wide. The combination of thermal-mechanical treatment and fine filament dimensions resulted in significant biaxial crystallographic texture. Transport critical current densities in the oxide filaments rts of 69.5 kA/cm(2) at 4.2 K in self-field with reduced weak-link behavior in an applied field were obtained. Critical current retention during bending was shown to increase as filament count increased, with the highest filament-count mate ria I showing close to one percent critical bending strain. These wires exhibited some of the best properties for a polycrystalline, sintered wire of YBCO in an applied magnetic field.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
RP MASUR, LJ (reprint author), AMER SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,RES & DEV,2 TECHNOL DR,WESTBOROUGH,MA 01581, USA.
RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011
OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S
JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 46
IS 12
BP 28
EP 30
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA QU356
UT WOS:A1994QU35600007
ER
PT J
AU SIKKA, M
SINGH, N
BATES, FS
KARIM, A
SATIJA, S
MAJKRZAK, CF
AF SIKKA, M
SINGH, N
BATES, FS
KARIM, A
SATIJA, S
MAJKRZAK, CF
TI SURFACE SEGREGATION IN MODEL SYMMETRICAL POLYOLEFIN DIBLOCK COPOLYMER
MELTS
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE II
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; UNPERTURBED DIMENSIONS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY;
THIN-FILMS; THERMODYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMER; POLY(ETHYLETHYLENE);
INTERFERENCE; TRANSITION
AB Surface segregation in thin films of model symmetric polyolefin diblock copolymers exhibiting a lamellar morphology has been investigated. Films were spin coated on a variety of substrates and the resulting microstructure analyzed using neutron reflection, X-ray reflection, ellipsometry, light microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Each of the block copolymers is sufficiently close to the order-disorder transition (ODT) so that the composition profile within the lamellar domains can be represented by a nearly sinusoidal function. In all cases, the same block was found to enrich both the polymer/solid and the polymer/air interfaces, even when the surface energy of the solid substrate was higher than that of either block of the copolymer. These results cannot be reconciled with preferential enrichment based solely on the difference in the dispersive surface tension between blocks. In all instances, we find that the conformationally smaller block is the surface-active one. We propose that an entropic driving force, attributable to conformational asymmetry, plays an important role in the near-surface behavior of block copolymer melts.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
RP SIKKA, M (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,421 WASHINGTON AVE SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA.
NR 53
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 3
PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE
PI LES ULIS CEDEX
PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX,
FRANCE
SN 1155-4312
J9 J PHYS II
JI J. Phys. II
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 12
BP 2231
EP 2248
PG 18
WC Mechanics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA PW103
UT WOS:A1994PW10300010
ER
PT J
AU COLE, KD
COUSIN, SL
AF COLE, KD
COUSIN, SL
TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SOYBEAN PROTEINS AND ISOFLAVONES
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN PROTEINS; ISOFLAVONES; AQUEOUS
2-PHASE EXTRACTION
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CONGLYCININ; ELECTROPHORESIS;
SEPARATION
AB High-performance size exclusion chromatography was used to separate soybean extracts. The separation of the major storage proteins, including glycinin and beta-conglycinin, was determined by analysis of the subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, The extracts of defatted flour and whole beans showed a high degree of polymerization of the storage proteins. Addition of a disulfide reducing agent (dithiothreitol) resulted in a decrease of the polymerized forms. The separation of the major glucoside isoflavones (genistin, daidzin, and glycitein 7-beta-glucoside) was determined. The isoflavone glucosides eluted well past the elution time of a: small totally included molecule, indicating that they are separating by mechanisms other than size exclusion. Size exclusion chromatography was used to monitor the separation of the soybean extract in an aqueous two-phase extraction system. The major storage proteins partitioned to the salt phase, and the isoflavones and other hydrophobic compounds partitioned to the poly(ethylene glycol) phase.
RP COLE, KD (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 12
BP 2713
EP 2720
DI 10.1021/jf00048a013
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA PY231
UT WOS:A1994PY23100013
ER
PT J
AU BEARY, ES
PAULSEN, PJ
FASSETT, JD
AF BEARY, ES
PAULSEN, PJ
FASSETT, JD
TI SAMPLE PREPARATION APPROACHES FOR ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED
PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRIC CERTIFICATION OF REFERENCE MATERIALS
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ISOTOPE DILUTION; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE
PREPARATION; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; RATIO MEASUREMENT
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; COUNTING DETECTION; REDUCTION; COPPER
AB Ratio measurements can be made by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with precisions approaching 0.1-0.2% relative standard deviation, under carefully controlled conditions. This capability is well suited to isotope dilution quantification, since quantitative data are based solely on ratio measurements. Conversion of the precision of isotopic ratio measurements to accuracy requires attention to both the operation of the ICP mass spectrometer and to the sample preparation procedures. The concentration of Mg, Cd, Mo and Pb were determined in synthetic samples with average precision and accuracy of < 0.15%. Although more extensive chemistry was required, analytical precision was better than 0.15% for Cu and Cd in zinc ore and for Cu and Mo in domestic sludge.
RP BEARY, ES (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 37
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND
CB4 4WF
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 12
BP 1363
EP 1369
DI 10.1039/ja9940901363
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA PY149
UT WOS:A1994PY14900008
ER
PT J
AU ALLEN, AJ
BERK, NF
AF ALLEN, AJ
BERK, NF
TI ANALYSIS OF SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING DATA DOMINATED BY MULTIPLE-SCATTERING
FOR SYSTEMS CONTAINING ECCENTRICALLY SHAPED PARTICLES OR PORES
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALUMINA; DENSIFICATION; CERAMICS
AB A previously developed formalism to interpret the beam broadening due to multiple small-angle scattering of a collimated beam of radiation in condenses matter is extended to treat the case of nonspherical scattering particles or pores. The new formalism concerns the situation where coherent single-particle scattering is incoherently, or stochastically, compounded by a random system of spheroidal particles, of any given mean aspect ratio, in a uniform matrix. By appropriate transformation of axes to reflect a spheroidal particle symmetry, Bethe's analysis of scattering when the sample thickness greatly exceeds the scattering mean free path is combined with the dynamical analysis of single-particle scattering to model the beam broadening arising from a system containing nonspherical scattering objects. For the range of experimental parameters used in practical small-angle scattering studies of technological materials such as porous ceramics, it is shown that, while the previous formulation suffices for spheres, globules and even short capillary pores, the variation in beam broadening as a function of incident wavelength exhibits distinguishable signatures for systems in which a collapsed planar or extreme capillary morphology predominates.
C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ALLEN, AJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 27
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 8
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 27
BP 878
EP 891
DI 10.1107/S0021889894004097
PN 6
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA PW307
UT WOS:A1994PW30700003
ER
PT J
AU MILDNER, DFR
CHEN, H
AF MILDNER, DFR
CHEN, H
TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A POLYCAPILLARY NEUTRON LENS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPILLARY OPTICS
AB Materials-analysis measurements that employ neutron-absorption techniques may benefit from cold neutrons that may be focused using a lens consisting of polycapillary fibers. An expression is derived for the intensity gain and the size of the beam along the beam path, including that at the focus, and a criterion is developed for the depth of focus. The gain in intensity at the focus depends not only on the design parameters of the lens but also on the divergence and wavelength of the incident beam. This analysis is applied to the two neutron lenses that have previously been tested.
RP MILDNER, DFR (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 27
BP 943
EP 949
DI 10.1107/S0021889894005406
PN 6
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA PW307
UT WOS:A1994PW30700010
ER
PT J
AU ROBINS, LH
KAISER, DL
ROTTER, LD
SCHENCK, PK
STAUF, GT
RYTZ, D
AF ROBINS, LH
KAISER, DL
ROTTER, LD
SCHENCK, PK
STAUF, GT
RYTZ, D
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF BARIUM-TITANATE THIN-FILMS BY
RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
C1 ADV TECHNOL MAT INC,DANBURY,CT 06810.
SANDOZ HUNINGUE SA,F-68330 HUNINGUE,FRANCE.
RP ROBINS, LH (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 18
TC 91
Z9 91
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 11
BP 7487
EP 7498
DI 10.1063/1.357978
PG 12
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PU818
UT WOS:A1994PU81800048
ER
PT J
AU BARNES, SL
AF BARNES, SL
TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .1. EFFECTS OF
UNDERSAMPLING, WAVE POSITION, AND STATION RANDOMNESS
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB An empirical approach is employed to investigate the accuracy of the Barnes successive corrections objective analysis scheme for discrete samples obtained from a simple sinusoidal function in a two-dimensional domain. Mean absolute error at grid points (MAEG) is the accuracy statistic, and uniform sampling arrays define achievable accuracy. Analysis accuracy as a function of number of samples per wavelength is considered for three arrays of different uniform density. Weight function scale-length parameter (alpha, the denominator in the exponential Gaussian weight function) is varied over a range of values, and an error-minimizing alpha is found to exist in each case. The value of this alpha depends on the number of correction passes being performed, on the density of observations, and for marginally sampled waves, on the phase relationship of the underlying function to the observations. Using a pseudorandomizing process to displace station locations away from uniformity by increasing amounts, it is found that sampling arrays take on a quasi-random character when stations are displaced by 70%-100% of their spacing in an equivalent uniform array. As other authors have found, irregularity of station locations and station clustering are found to have detrimental effects on analysis accuracy. However, a notable economy is discovered: the accuracy achieved from sparse, but uniformly arrayed, observations is greater than that obtained from more than three times as many observations, guasi-randomly arrayed. On average, the MAEG for 77 quasi-randomly arrayed stations is 140% larger than when sampling is by 23 uniformly spaced stations. Some irregular dense arrays produce MAEG that are nearly 40% of the sinusoid's amplitude. Considering these results, a general strategy is suggested for selecting appropriate weight function parameters that can minimize analysis errors.
RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-FS1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 41
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1433
EP 1448
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1433:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QA658
UT WOS:A1994QA65800001
ER
PT J
AU BARNES, SL
AF BARNES, SL
TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .2. IMPROVING
DERIVATIVE ESTIMATES
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Two recently published objective analysis schemes improve derivative estimates obtained from observed field variables. Achtemeier proposed a hybrid successive-correction scheme that uses a very low pass Gaussian weight function on the first pass through the observations, followed by two correction passes with a higher-pass,fixed-weight function. His experiments demonstrated better separation of short, but resolvable, wavelengths from noise components than does the widely used two-pass Barnes scheme. Both schemes produce derivative estimates using conventional second-order finite-difference formulas. The generality of Achtemeier's improvement over two-pass schemes is demonstrated in an experiment similar to that designed by Achtemeier. It is found that the amount of improvement diminishes the closer the two-pass convergence parameter is to 1. Considering other three-pass scheme designs, it is found that Achtemeier's is not necessarily the ''best'' design. A three-pass ''fixed'' scheme that uses but one weight function yields greater improvement, and implies that an even larger number of passes might separate signal from ''noise'' even more efficiently.
Caracena recast successive corrections objective analysis schemes asa matrix problem in which observations are operated upon in a single pass by an effective weight function that represents the combined effect of multiple passes through the data. This so-called analytic approximation scheme produces not only the distribution of the field variable, but the distribution of its first- and higher-order derivatives as well, without resorting to finite-difference approximations. One version of the scheme produces an exact analytic approximation that is equivalent to an infinite number of successive correction passes. A demonstration of the exact scheme shows that it reproduces with very high accuracy all wavelengths of an analytic function down to the station Nyquist interval, and its first three derivatives as well. For practical applications, it is seldom wise to retain waves near the Nyquist interval because of analysis errors due to boundary effects, observational errors, and irregular spacing of observations. Another version of Caracena's scheme, equivalent to a four-pass traditional scheme, is applied to a relatively dense uniform array of observations containing Nyquist-scale ''errors.'' Under these conditions, this version has the ability to completely suppress the Nyquist wavelength, while passing essentially 100% of resolvable waves and their derivatives up to third order. In this regard, it is comparable to, but more accurate than, the best result obtainable using a four-pass Barnes scheme. The general applicability of Caracena's approach is limited only by computation time (it took twice as long in these tests), and by possible peculiarities in real station distributions that could produce ill-defined matrices.
RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,R-E-FS1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1449
EP 1458
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1449:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QA658
UT WOS:A1994QA65800002
ER
PT J
AU BARNES, SL
AF BARNES, SL
TI APPLICATIONS OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME .3. TUNING FOR
MINIMUM ERROR
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Procedures for tuning a successive corrections objective analysis scheme, described in Part I, are applied to the array of North American rawinsonde stations. Tuning is investigated for three types of Barnes schemes (two-, three-, and four-pass schemes) and for an equivalent four-pass scheme developed by Caracena. Each of the schemes uses an iteration parameter equal to 1, and each considers the influence of all observations within at least 2500 km of the interpolation point. Analysis accuracy is investigated for ''errorless observations'' of a simulated 300-mb height field containing a Rossby-scale wave with one of its ridges amplified to produce an asymmetric distribution of the height gradient across a circular region of locally lower heights representing a synoptic-scale low. Root-mean-square errors are evaluated at grid points for analyses of pressure height, height gradient, and the Laplacian of height over a range of values for the weight function's scale-length parameter alpha. Because the analyses are sensitive to errors caused by the discrete, slightly irregular sampling array, rms errors for these height analyses cannot be reduced to less than about 6 m using four-pass schemes, and to about 10 m using a two-pass scheme. In each of the schemes, it is found that the value of alpha that produces minimum error is different for each of the analyzed variables. The range of this difference is less for three- and four-pass schemes than for the traditional two-pass scheme, and the variation of errors across these ranges is also less in the former than the latter, thus making the three- and four-pass schemes easier to tune. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that even the two-pass results having least analysis error require application of postanalysis numerical filters to achieve reasonable derivative results, whereas error-minimizing three- and four-pass results do not. Effects of pseudorandom observation errors (maximum +/-20 m) on three-pass analysis accuracy are studied in two independent tests, each having an 11-m standard deviation in the errors applied. It is found that the distribution of random errors can affect the value of error-minimizing alpha in unpredictable ways, and in one test, the magnitude of the minimum achievable error increased by 41% over that resulting with errorless observations. Even so, the distribution of analysis errors, although distorted with respect to the distributions achieved with errorless observations, are not unreasonably different from the latter. It:is concluded that three- or four-pass schemes are inherently better than the two-pass scheme, especially for analysis of derivatives, and that tuning the weight function's scale-length parameter should be accomplished on the basis of errorless observations by selecting the value of or that produces minimum error in the gradient of the variable being analyzed.
RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,MAIL CODE R-E-FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1459
EP 1479
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1459:AOTBOA>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QA658
UT WOS:A1994QA65800003
ER
PT J
AU DADMUN, MD
MUTHUKUMAR, M
AF DADMUN, MD
MUTHUKUMAR, M
TI EFFECT OF AN ADSORBING SURFACE ON THE PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF A CONFINED
SEMIFLEXIBLE LIQUID-CRYSTAL
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ISOTROPIC TRANSITION; ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; BOUNDARY; LATTICE; FILMS
C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,MAT RES LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 11
BP 10038
EP 10044
DI 10.1063/1.467992
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PV956
UT WOS:A1994PV95600096
ER
PT J
AU WYLIE, DP
MENZEL, WP
WOOLF, HM
STRABALA, KI
AF WYLIE, DP
MENZEL, WP
WOOLF, HM
STRABALA, KI
TI 4 YEARS OF GLOBAL CIRRUS CLOUD STATISTICS USING HIRS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUNDER DATA; AVHRR DATA; RETRIEVAL; RADIATION; LAYER; VAS
AB Trends in global upper-tropospheric transmissive cirrus cloud cover are beginning to emerge from a four-year cloud climatology using NOAA polar-orbiting High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder(HIRS) multispectral data. Cloud occurrence, height, and effective emissivity are determined with the CO2 slicing technique on the four years of data (June 1989-May 1993). There is a global preponderance of transmissive high clouds, 42% on the average; about three-fourths of these are above 500 hPa and presumed to be cirrus. In the ITCZ, a high frequency of cirrus (greater than 50%) is found at all times; a modest seasonal movement tracks the sun. Large seasonal changes in cloud cover occur over the oceans in the storm belts at midlatitudes; the concentrations of these clouds migrate north and south with the seasons following the progressions of the subtropical highs (anticyclones). More cirrus is found in the summer than in the winter in each hemisphere. A significant change in cirrus cloud cover occurs in 1991, the third year of the study. Cirrus observations increase from 35% to 43% of the data, a change of eight percentage points. Other cloud forms, opaque to terrestrial radiation, decrease by nearly the same amount. Most of the increase is thinner cirrus with infrared optical depths below 0.7. The increase in cirrus happens at the same time as the 1991-92 Fl Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The cirrus changes occur at the start of the ENSO and persist into 1993 in contrast to other climatic indicators that return to near pre-ENSO and volcanic levels in 1993.
C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE APPLICAT LAB,MADISON,WI.
RP WYLIE, DP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201
NR 30
TC 197
Z9 209
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 12
BP 1972
EP 1986
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1972:FYOGCC>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QC226
UT WOS:A1994QC22600012
ER
PT J
AU SAHA, K
VANDENDOOL, H
SAHA, S
AF SAHA, K
VANDENDOOL, H
SAHA, S
TI ON THE ANNUAL CYCLE IN SURFACE PRESSURE ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU COMPARED
TO ITS SURROUNDINGS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Note
AB The authors have investigated the climatological annual cycle in surface pressure on the Tibetan Plateau in relation to the annual cycle in surface pressure at the lower surroundings (India and China). It is found that surface pressure on the plateau is low (high) when the surrounding Asian continent has high (low) pressure. This out-of-phase relationship is evident in the NMC analyses and in long runs made with the NMC's global model. The authors have also found a few station observations on the plateau that have partially confirmed these opposing annual cycles in surface pressure. The authors believe this contrast to be real and operative over other parts of the globe as well. Near mean sea level, the surface pressure is low (high) when the temperature is high (low)(relative to its surroundings). At higher elevations, pressure is low (high) when temperatures are low (high). Also, in the datasets studied, the authors found no evidence for a thermal low on top of the plateau in summer.
C1 NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,PREDICT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
NR 6
TC 10
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 12
BP 2014
EP 2019
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<2014:OTACIS>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QC226
UT WOS:A1994QC22600016
ER
PT J
AU STEWART, TR
LUSK, CM
AF STEWART, TR
LUSK, CM
TI 7 COMPONENTS OF JUDGMENTAL FORECASTING SKILL - IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH
AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF FORECASTS
SO JOURNAL OF FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE JUDGMENTAL FORECASTING; BRIER SKILL SCORE; LENS MODEL EQUATION; BIAS;
RELIABILITY
ID LENS MODEL EQUATION; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; COGNITIVE FEEDBACK;
CLINICAL METHODS; DECISION-MAKING; LINEAR-MODELS; INFORMATION; TASKS;
DECOMPOSITION; RELIABILITY
AB A decomposition of the Brier skill scores shows that the performance of judgmental forecasts depends on seven components: environmental predictability, fidelity of the information system, match between environment and forecaster, reliability of information acquisition, reliability of information processing, conditional bias, and unconditional bias. These components provide a framework for research on the forecasting process. Selected literature addressing each component is reviewed, and implications for improving judgmental forecasting are discussed.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,CTR RES JUDGMENT & POLICY,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP STEWART, TR (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY,CTR POLICY RES,MILNE 300,ALBANY,NY 12222, USA.
NR 74
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6693
J9 J FORECASTING
JI J. Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 579
EP 599
DI 10.1002/for.3980130703
PG 21
WC Economics; Management
SC Business & Economics
GA QF666
UT WOS:A1994QF66600002
ER
PT J
AU MARTIN, RF
SPEISER, TW
KLAMCZYNSKI, K
AF MARTIN, RF
SPEISER, TW
KLAMCZYNSKI, K
TI EFFECT OF B-Y ON NEUTRAL LINE RIDGES AND DYNAMICAL SOURCE ORDERING
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-TAIL CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; CURRENT SHEET; DISTANT TAIL;
MAGNETOTAIL; DISTRIBUTIONS; INSTABILITY; PLASMASHEET; SIGNATURE;
COMPONENT
AB In this paper we study the effect of a uniform magnetic field B-y in the cross-tail y direction on the dynamics and distribution function of energetic ions in a current sheet model including a neutral line. Martin and Speiser (1988) have previously shown that a ''ridge'' in the velocity space distribution function is a remote neutral line signature in a two-dimensional field without B-y. Our results show that as B-y is increased, using nominal tail parameters, there is very little change in the ridge signature for small B-y (up to about 4 times B-z). For intermediate values (up to about 10 times B-z) the ridge becomes observable further from the neutral line, while close to the X line the ridge is strongly modified. For large B-y (of the order of B-x) the ridge evolves into new neutral line signatures which depend strongly on whether the observation point is above or below the current sheet. These results are used to estimate B-y < 2 nT in the AMPTE/IRM event modeled by Speiser and Martin (1994), which is consistent with onboard magnetometer measurements. We further show that the cause of the new structures appearing at large B-y is the same source separation effect that produced the original ridge and that all these signatures ate relatively insensitive to a small parallel electric field. Finally, we point out a dynamical ordering which occurs at large B-y: Using high-resolution simulations, we find a common boundary separating regions of positive and negative initial x, y, and z position, as well as initial pitch angle. This boundary is purely dynamical in nature and is independent of modeled source distributions.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP MARTIN, RF (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMPUS BOX 4560,NORMAL,IL 61790, USA.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 99
IS A12
BP 23623
EP 23638
DI 10.1029/94JA01770
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PV624
UT WOS:A1994PV62400039
ER
PT J
AU PRONI, JR
HUANG, H
DAMMANN, WP
AF PRONI, JR
HUANG, H
DAMMANN, WP
TI INITIAL DILUTION OF SOUTHEAST FLORIDA OCEAN OUTFALLS
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMERGED WASTEFIELD
AB Initial dilutions of four ocean outfalls (the Miami-Central, Miami-North, Hollywood, and Broward outfalls) on the east coast of South Florida were determined from dye and salinity studies. In the dye studies, continuous injections of the red dye Rhodamine-WT into effluent were conducted; dye concentrations were measured using a deck-mounted fluorometer with a ship-towed sampler and from grab water samples. In the salinity studies, temperature and conductivity were measured using a towed conductivity-temperature-depth device (CTD); salinity deficit was taken as a tracer to determine initial dilution. Results show that initial dilutions determined from both methods are consistent. Data for initial dilution and for environmental and effluent parameters are interpreted using the dimensional analysis method. A comparison is made between the present data and data from previous studies. Data for Hollywood and Broward outfalls (single-port discharges) are consistent with previous data. Data for Miami-Central and Miami-North outfalls (multiport diffuser discharges) are not consistent with data for single-port discharges. A value of C-1 = 0.15 for the asymptotic solution for the buoyancy-dominated nearfield is suggested.
C1 ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,RES ASSOC,MIAMI,FL.
RP PRONI, JR (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OC ACOUST,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 12
BP 1409
EP 1425
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:12(1409)
PG 17
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA PT784
UT WOS:A1994PT78400005
ER
PT J
AU BENDERSKY, LA
BIANCANIELLO, FS
WILLIAMS, ME
AF BENDERSKY, LA
BIANCANIELLO, FS
WILLIAMS, ME
TI EVOLUTION OF THE 2-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE L12+DO22 IN NEAR-EUTECTOID
NI3(AL,V) ALLOY
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID COHERENT; CO
AB Transmission electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction methods have been used to investigate the evolution of two-phase (L1(2) + DO22) microstructures from the quenched fcc phase of the Ni-5Al-20V (at.%) alloy. The microstructure after annealing in a temperature range from 650 to 900-degrees-C differs from the eutectoid structure which might be expected for the alloy according to the eutectoid-type phase diagram of the Ni3Al-Ni3V section. This structure results from fast kinetics of ordering in the fcc --> L1(2) and fcc --> DO22 phase transitions. Four main stages in the microstructural evolution were observed. Stage I is the formation of spheroidal coherent L1(2) clusters in a disordered fcc matrix. During stage II the L1(2) clusters transform into cuboidal precipitates, and the fcc matrix orders into three DO22 variants (which may have interfaces that are wetted by thin fcc layers). In stage II accommodation of misfit (elastic energy) between different phases and variants occurs by formation of (110) twins or a single variant of the DO22 phase and tetragonally strained lamellae of the L1(2) phase. Stage IV is a discontinuous coarsening process in which a coarse incoherent two-phase structure replaces the fine coherent one. Grains of the coarse structure are nucleated on high-angle boundaries of primary fcc or other surfaces. Many of the grains are found twinned.
RP BENDERSKY, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 6
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 12
BP 3068
EP 3082
DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.3068
PG 15
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA PW305
UT WOS:A1994PW30500008
ER
PT J
AU LEWENSTEIN, M
AF LEWENSTEIN, M
TI QUANTUM PERCEPTRONS
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TURING-MACHINES; MECHANICAL COMPUTERS; BELL INEQUALITIES; SQUEEZED
STATES; CRYPTOGRAPHY; COMPUTATION; MODELS; REVERSIBILITY; THEOREM
AB I formulate a statistical theory of quantum perceptrons, i.e. ideal quantum computing elements that process input states into output states through unitary transforms.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZ TEORETYCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND.
RP LEWENSTEIN, M (reprint author), CENS,SERV PHOTONS ATOMES & MOLEC,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE.
RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
NR 59
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 12
BP 2491
EP 2501
DI 10.1080/09500349414552331
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA QD473
UT WOS:A1994QD47300024
ER
PT J
AU DAX, A
WELLS, JS
HOLLBERG, L
MAKI, AG
URBAN, W
AF DAX, A
WELLS, JS
HOLLBERG, L
MAKI, AG
URBAN, W
TI SUB-DOPPLER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS ON OCS AT 87 THZ (3.4-MU-M) WITH THE
CO OVERTONE LASER
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONYL SULFIDE; HETERODYNE; CM-1;
BAND; DELTA-UPSILON=2; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; LINES
AB Sub-Doppler frequency measurements have been made on three transitions of OCS in the 87-THz region (near 2900 cm(-1)). The CO overtone laser was used as the saturating laser. Polarization spectroscopic techniques utilizing optical heterodyne detection were used to observe the features and subsequently provide the discriminant for locking the overtone laser to the OCS transitions. A CO2 laser synthesizer was used to measure the frequency of the CO overtone laser and thereby measure the frequencies of the OCS lines. The resulting frequencies of the three new measurements are: 10(0)1-00(0)0 P(27), 87 117 278.496(50) MHz; 11(1f)1-01(1f)0 R(14), 87 222 001.143(70) MHz for OCS; and for the (OCS)-S-34 10(0)1-00(0)0 P(9), 87 010 586.667(75) MHz, where the numbers in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. These new numbers have been fitted along with more than 5700 other data points in our OCS data bank and improved constants have been obtained. These latest constants are used to calculate updated calibration tables containing values with much smaller uncertainties; three such tables are included. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV BONN,INST ANGEW PHYS,D-53115 BONN,GERMANY.
RP DAX, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 49
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 168
IS 2
BP 416
EP 428
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1290
PG 13
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA PU608
UT WOS:A1994PU60800020
ER
PT J
AU LIU, ZG
PHILANDER, SGH
PACANOWSKI, RC
AF LIU, ZG
PHILANDER, SGH
PACANOWSKI, RC
TI A GCM STUDY OF TROPICAL-SUBTROPICAL UPPER-OCEAN WATER EXCHANGE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; TRITIUM
AB Experiments with an oceanic general circulation model indicate that the tropical and subtropical oceanic circulations are linked in three ways. Far from coasts in the oceanic interior, equatorial surface waters flow poleward to the southern part of the subtropical gyre, and then are subducted and returned in the thermocline to the upper part of the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. There is, in addition, a surface western boundary current that carries waters from the equatorial region to the northern part of the subtropical gyre. After subduction, that water reaches the equator by means of a subsurface western boundary current and provides a substantial part (2/3 approximately) of the initial transport of the Equatorial Undercurrent. The eastward flow in the Equatorial Undercurrent is part of an intense equatorial cell in which water rises to the surface at the equator, drifts westward and poleward, then sinks near 30 latitude to flow equatorward where it rejoins the undercurrent.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,VISITING SCIENTIST PROGRAM,UCAR,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
NR 22
TC 145
Z9 155
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanog.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 24
IS 12
BP 2606
EP 2623
DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<2606:AGSOTU>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA QA670
UT WOS:A1994QA67000011
ER
PT J
AU MURTHY, NS
ORTS, WJ
AF MURTHY, NS
ORTS, WJ
TI HYDRATION IN SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS - SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING
STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF DRAWING IN NYLON-6 FIBERS
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRATION; DRAW RATIO; NYLON FIBERS; INTERLAMELLAR REGIONS;
INTERFIBRILLAR SPACES
ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
WATER; MOISTURE; MODULUS
AB Water absorbed by nylons appears to be partitioned into interlamellar and interfibrillar spaces. The amount of water in the interfibrillar region remains essentially unchanged with increasing draw ratio, whereas that in the interlamellar regions decreases with draw ratio; the latter accounts for the decrease in the water uptake in the drawn fibers. These results suggest that the amount of the amorphous material in the interfibrillar regions remains unchanged during drawing, and the increase in the crystallinity during drawing results from the incorporation of the amorphous chain segments in the interlamellar regions into the crystalline lamellae. Further, the interfibrillar water is more tightly bound than the interlamellar water. The length of the longitudinal channels into which water diffuses is about the same as that of the fibrils, and increases from ca. 1500 to 2000 Angstrom upon drawing. The longitudinal channels are highly oriented even in undrawn fibers, and their misorientation increases from 5 degrees to 15 degrees upon drawing. These channels can be described as surface fractals of dimension 3.4-3.6. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MURTHY, NS (reprint author), ALLIED SIGNAL INC,RES & TECHNOL,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07962, USA.
NR 27
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 16
BP 2695
EP 2703
DI 10.1002/polb.1994.090321615
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PU610
UT WOS:A1994PU61000015
ER
PT J
AU SILIN, VI
GAIGALAS, AK
AF SILIN, VI
GAIGALAS, AK
TI SERRS OF AZURIN ADSORBED ON A SILVER SURFACE
SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESONANCE RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASTOCYANIN; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING;
RESOLUTION
AB Surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectra of azurin, a copper-containing protein, were measured on a silver surface with a double grating. Significant differences in intensity and band wavenumber were obtained between SERR and solution resonance Raman spectra in the region 250-300 cm(-1) and near 400 cm(-1). Preliminary interpretation of these differences suggests a Likely orientation of the azurin protein on the silver surface in which the N(His44)-N(His115)-S(Met119) plane is perpendicular to the metal surface and the imidazole group of His115 is in close proximity to the metal.
C1 VILNIUS BIOCHEM INST,VILNIUS,LITHUANIA.
RP SILIN, VI (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0377-0486
J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC
JI J. Raman Spectrosc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 25
IS 12
BP 903
EP 906
DI 10.1002/jrs.1250251202
PG 4
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA QF991
UT WOS:A1994QF99100001
ER
PT J
AU WIKFORS, GH
WIKFORS, EN
AF WIKFORS, GH
WIKFORS, EN
TI IN-MEMORIAM - UKELES,RAVENNA,RENEE
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Item About an Individual
RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NMFS,RODGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI SOUTHHAMPTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON
COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 2
BP 355
EP 356
PG 2
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QC151
UT WOS:A1994QC15100001
ER
PT J
AU AUSTER, PJ
DEGOURSEY, RE
AF AUSTER, PJ
DEGOURSEY, RE
TI PREDATION ON BLUE-CRABS, CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS, BY STARFISH
ASTERIAS-FORBESI
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE CALLINECTES; ASTERIAS; PREDATION; TEMPERATURE; CENSUS; WINTER
AB Blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, burrowed into the sand-silt bottom at a site in the Mystic River estuary, Connecticut, at temperatures below 5 degrees C. Crabs were torpid at these low temperatures. Starfish, Asterias forbesi, were observed to prey on burrowed crabs. The proportion of crabs preyed upon increased as water temperatures declined through the winter, reaching up to 81% of crabs observed during a single dive. There was no significant difference in the size or sex of crabs preyed on by starfish and those which were not preyed upon. Starfish that were collected preying on crabs were not significantly different in size than those found on the surrounding bottom. Low temperatures, which affect the physiology of normally motile megafauna, can greatly alter predator-prey dynamics.
C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340.
RP AUSTER, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT 06340, USA.
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI SOUTHHAMPTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON
COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 2
BP 361
EP 366
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QC151
UT WOS:A1994QC15100003
ER
PT J
AU MERCALDOALLEN, R
KUROPAT, CA
WIDMAN, J
THURBERG, FP
AF MERCALDOALLEN, R
KUROPAT, CA
WIDMAN, J
THURBERG, FP
TI MOLT-RELATED CHANGES IN HEMOLYMPH CALCIUM OF POSTLARVAL AMERICAN
LOBSTERS (HOMARUS-AMERICANUS)
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MILNEEDWARDS,H. 1837 CRUSTACEA; HYDROMINERAL REGULATION; NEUROENDOCRINE
CONTROL; DECAPODA; OSMOREGULATION
AB In a laboratory study, postlarval American lobsters experienced changes in hemolymph calcium concentrations over the molt cycle. Values were lowest immediately after molting and increased gradually through postmolt into intermolt and early premolt. Calcium concentration peaked during mid- or late-premolt and usually declined just before the molt to fifth stage. This pattern is similar to that observed in adult American lobsters.
RP MERCALDOALLEN, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI SOUTHHAMPTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON
COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 2
BP 387
EP 391
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QC151
UT WOS:A1994QC15100007
ER
PT J
AU KENNISH, MJ
LUTZ, RA
DOBARRO, JA
FRITZ, LW
AF KENNISH, MJ
LUTZ, RA
DOBARRO, JA
FRITZ, LW
TI IN-SITU GROWTH-RATES OF THE OCEAN QUAHOG, ARCTICA-ISLANDICA (LINNAEUS,
1767), IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE OCEAN QUAHOGS; ARCTICA ISLANDICA; TRANSPLANTATION EXPERIMENTS; GROWTH
RATES
ID LINES
AB Shell morphometric measurements of laboratory-spawned and Gulf of Maine ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) transplanted at a site of commercially important shellfish beds off Cape May, New Jersey, indicate slow adult growth rates. Clams greater than 50 mm in length grew very slowly or not at all for extensive periods of time after transplantation. The mean increase in the shell length of adult clams from the Gulf of Maine amounted to 0.35, 0.39, -0.02, 0.40, and -0.10 mm when measured 213, 307, 368, 520, and 606 days after transplantation, respectively. Younger, laboratory-spawned clams exhibited greater growth rates than adults, with a mean increase in shell length of 1.87, 1.34, 5.28, and 0.54 mm being recorded 75, 120, 288, and 374 days after transplantation, respectively. These findings support those of other investigations, which have shown that the growth of A. islandica is among the slowest of all continental-shelf bivalves.
C1 NJ DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,BUR SHELLFISH,PORT NORRIS,NJ 08349.
NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
RP KENNISH, MJ (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA.
NR 26
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI SOUTHHAMPTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON
COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 2
BP 473
EP 478
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QC151
UT WOS:A1994QC15100017
ER
PT J
AU WEKELL, JC
GAUGLITZ, EJ
BARNETT, HJ
HATFIELD, CL
EKLUND, M
AF WEKELL, JC
GAUGLITZ, EJ
BARNETT, HJ
HATFIELD, CL
EKLUND, M
TI THE OCCURRENCE OF DOMOIC ACID IN RAZOR CLAMS (SILIQUA-PATULA), DUNGENESS
CRAB (CANCER-MAGISTER), AND ANCHOVIES (ENGRAULIS-MORDAX)
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE DOMOIC ACID; DUNGENESS CRAB; CANCER MAGISTER; ANCHOVIES; ENGRAULIS
MORDAX; RAZOR CLAMS; SILIQUA PATULA
ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; CALIFORNIA
AB In September 1991, water fowl died in Monterey Bay, CA, after eating anchovies (Engraulis mordax) contaminated with domoic acid. Analysis revealed that the anchovies contained up to 485 ppm domoic acid in their viscera. This was the first reported incidence of domoic acid-related mortality of any organism in the United States. After this reported outbreak we obtained frozen samples of anchovies that were harvested near Newport, CA, in April 1991 and found they contained 270 ppm domoic acid in their viscera. By May, average domoic acid levels in frozen anchovy samples from this same area were less than 1 ppm. In October 1991, domoic acid was detected in razor clams (Siliqua patula) from Oregon and Washington and appeared to peak (an average of 106 ppm for all Washington State beaches) in the first week of December 1991. The averages then declined to less than 20 ppm without 6 months. However, domoic acid was still present at low levels (averages <5 ppm) in razor clams from Washington state beaches in December 1993. Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) in Washington and Oregon were also found to contain domoic acid, but only in their viscera. Domoic acid concentrations in the raw viscera of individual crabs from Washington state in December 1991 averaged 13 ppm and ranged from 0.8 to 90 ppm. The highest average levels of domoic acid in Washington state crabs were in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay samples, 32 and 31 ppm, respectively. By 1992 domoic acid level averages were <5 ppm in preseason samples of Dungeness crab taken along the Oregon and Washington coasts, ranging from 0 to 71 ppm. The highest levels of domoic acid in 1992 (36-71 ppm) were recorded in samples taken early in that year (January through April).
RP WEKELL, JC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 24
TC 40
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 9
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI SOUTHHAMPTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON
COLLEGE, SOUTHHAMPTON, NY 11968
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 2
BP 587
EP 593
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QC151
UT WOS:A1994QC15100032
ER
PT J
AU STONE, WC
TAYLOR, AW
AF STONE, WC
TAYLOR, AW
TI ISDP - INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Limitations of present procedures for the design of reinforced concrete structures to withstand seismic loads are discussed. An integrated seismic design procedure (ISDP) is proposed, the main features of which are (1) The automatic selection and scaling of design ground motions given the earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, and the type of overlying soil strata; (2) prediction of the inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete elements when subjected to random lateral loads up to and including failure; and (3) calculation of cumulative damage that is directly correlated to observed states of damage from laboratory tests of reinforced concrete elements. The analytical tools required to implement these capabilities are discussed. New seismic design criteria are proposed, which are based on acceptable damage indices as functions of earthquake energy content and structural importance. The proposed seismic design approach is demonstrated by means of a practical example involving the seismic retrofit of a spiral reinforced bridge column. This example incorporates new and existing analytical tools, and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach.
RP STONE, WC (reprint author), NIST,DIV STRUCT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 12
BP 3548
EP 3566
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:12(3548)
PG 19
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA PU382
UT WOS:A1994PU38200009
ER
PT J
AU ZHANG, ZM
FRENKEL, A
AF ZHANG, ZM
FRENKEL, A
TI THERMAL AND NONEQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES OF SUPERCONDUCTORS FOR RADIATION
DETECTORS
SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Review
DE SUPERCONDUCTING RADIATION DETECTORS; PHOTORESPONSE; NONEQUILIBRIUM
OPTICAL RESPONSE; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; THERMAL DESIGN
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; O THIN-FILMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS;
NONBOLOMETRIC OPTICAL-RESPONSE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; BOLOMETRIC
RESPONSE; TEMPORAL RELAXATION; BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; EPITAXIAL-FILMS;
CONDUCTIVITY
AB This work summarizes the progress in the study of the superconductor response to optical radiation and in the development of infrared detectors. The recent advances in the design of high-T-c superconducting radiation detectors using silicon microfabrication technology are emphasized. Thermal and optical properties important for the detector performance are discussed. The mechanism of the nonequilibrium optical response and its potential use to build fast and sensitive radiation detectors are described. Future challenges and opportunities in the development of high-T-c superconducting radiation detectors are highlighted.
RP ZHANG, ZM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 101
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 12
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0896-1107
J9 J SUPERCOND
JI J. Supercond.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 6
BP 871
EP 884
DI 10.1007/BF00732263
PG 14
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA QA692
UT WOS:A1994QA69200001
ER
PT J
AU ROBEY, SW
HUDSON, LT
EYLEM, C
EICHHORN, B
AF ROBEY, SW
HUDSON, LT
EYLEM, C
EICHHORN, B
TI SUBSTITUTION-INDUCED MID-GAP STATES IN R(X)BA(1-X)TIO(3-DELTA), WHERE
R=Y,LA, AND ND
SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE MIXED OXIDES; DOPING; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; RXBA1-XTIO3-DELTA; PHOTOEMISSION;
OXIDES; LA
AB Changes induced in the electronic structure of BaTiO3 by substitutions of R = Y, La or Nd for Ba to form the mixed oxides R(x)Ba(1-x)TiO(3-delta) have been investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Substitution of formally R(+3) ions for Ba+2 leads to the introduction of filled states in the band gap that are shown by resonant photoemission measurements to have significant Ti 3d character, consistent with a Mott-Hubbard insulator description for these oxides. It is suggested that the dominant factor is electron-electron correlation and this leads to the estimates U similar to Delta similar to 3 eV for this system, where U is the correlation energy for the 3d and Delta is the charge transfer energy. Changes are observed in the photoelectron spectral shape for these states as a function of increasing substitution in the Nd system and discussed in the context of the opening of the Hubbard gap.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
RP ROBEY, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0896-1107
J9 J SUPERCOND
JI J. Supercond.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 6
BP 917
EP 920
DI 10.1007/BF00732271
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA QA692
UT WOS:A1994QA69200009
ER
PT J
AU OHNO, Y
CROMER, CL
HARDIS, JE
EPPELDAUER, G
COLLINS, R
AF OHNO, Y
CROMER, CL
HARDIS, JE
EPPELDAUER, G
COLLINS, R
TI THE DETECTOR-BASED CANDELA SCALE AND RELATED PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES AT NIST
SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB The candela, one of the SI base units, has been realized by using absolutely calibrated detectors rather than sources. A group of eight photometers was constructed using silicon photodiodes, precision apertures, and glass filters for V (lambda) match. Their absolute spectral responsivities were calibrated against the NIST absolute spectral responsivity scale. The measurement chain has been significantly shortened compared with the old scale based on a blackbody. This resulted in improving the calibration uncertainty to 0.46 percent (2 sigma), a factor-of-two improvement.
This revision has made various photometric calibrations at NIST more versatile and flexible. Luminous intensities of light sources ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-4) candelas are directly calibrated with the standard photometers, which have a linear response over that range.
RP OHNO, Y (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER
PI NEW YORK
PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001
SN 0099-4480
J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC
JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 1
BP 89
EP 98
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA MW505
UT WOS:A1994MW50500011
ER
PT J
AU HAYASHI, Y
GOLDER, DG
AF HAYASHI, Y
GOLDER, DG
TI KELVIN AND MIXED ROSSBY-GRAVITY WAVES APPEARING IN THE GFDL SKYHI
GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL AND THE FGGE DATASET - IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR
GENERATION MECHANISM AND ROLE IN THE QBO
SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY DOMAIN;
QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WAVES; SEMIANNUAL
OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WESTERN PACIFIC; ZONAL
WIND; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE
AB To evaluate simulations and theories of equatorial Kelvin and mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves, and to gain insight into their generation mechanism and role in the quasi-biennial oscillation, a space-time spectral analysis is performed on output data from the 40-level, three-degree latitude GFDL ''SKYHI'' general circulation model and on the GFDL FGGE dataset.
The SKYHI and FGGE stratospheric Kelvin waves are dominated by an eastward-moving, wavenumber-one, 10-20-day period component in the lower stratosphere. These waves are accompanied by higher wavenumber-frequency components, which can be detected more clearly in the upper stratosphere than in the lower stratosphere. On the other hand, the SKYHI: and FGGE MRG waves are dominated by a westward-moving, wavenumber 3-5, 4-6-day component in the lower stratosphere. These waves are dominated by lower-wavenumbers (1-2) and shorter periods (2-4 days) in the upper stratosphere. The amplitudes of the SKYHI/FGGE Kelvin and MRG waves are comparable to those estimated from observed (non-FGGE) station data, whereas the SKYHI model produces only a very weak quasi-biennial oscillation. The SKYHI precipitation data intermittently exhibit grid-size pulses of precipitation, but do not clearly exhibit spectral peaks which correspond to Kelvin and MRG waves.
On the basis of the present analysis, it is proposed that Kelvin, MRG, and gravity waves result from wave-convection interactions and are intermittently triggered by random pulses of convective heating. It is speculated that the quasi-biennial oscillation is produced primarily by gravity waves and will increase in amplitude with horizontal resolution, as grid-size pulses of convective heating and small-scale gravity waves are more adequately produced in the model.
RP HAYASHI, Y (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 93
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
100-0004, JAPAN
SN 0026-1165
EI 2186-9057
J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN
JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 72
IS 6
BP 901
EP 935
PG 35
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PY321
UT WOS:A1994PY32100009
ER
PT J
AU SUGAR, J
WYART, JF
HOF, GJV
JOSHI, YN
AF SUGAR, J
WYART, JF
HOF, GJV
JOSHI, YN
TI SPECTRUM AND ENERGY-LEVELS OF 5-TIMES-IONIZED RHENIUM
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Spectra of Re VI were produced with sliding-spark and triggered-spark discharges. They were recorded photographically with 10.7-m grazing-incidence and normal-incidence spectrographs and with a 3-m normal-incidence spectrograph. Energy levels of the 5d(2),5d6s,5d6p,6s6p, and 5d5f configurations were determined with 121 classified lines. Previously no levels were known. Radial parameters were fitted to the energy levels and used for predicting the missing levels and for determining the eigenvector compositions. The onset of collapse of the 5f orbit caused a noticeable term dependence of the expectation value of the orbital radius (r).
C1 CNRS,AIME COTTON LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANTIGONISH,NS B2G 1C0,CANADA.
RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 10
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 12
BP 2327
EP 2332
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.002327
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PX510
UT WOS:A1994PX51000002
ER
PT J
AU STEIMLE, FW
ZDANOWICZ, VS
CUNNEFF, SL
TERRANOVA, R
AF STEIMLE, FW
ZDANOWICZ, VS
CUNNEFF, SL
TERRANOVA, R
TI TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN COMMON BENTHIC MACROFAUNAL PREY FROM THE
NEW-YORK BIGHT APEX
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Note
ID ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; INVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEMS;
MERCURY; CADMIUM; FOOD
RP US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NE FISHERIES SCI CTR, HIGHLANDS, NJ 07732 USA.
NR 37
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 12
BP 760
EP 765
DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)90336-0
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QE610
UT WOS:A1994QE61000009
ER
PT J
AU STUBBLEFIELD, WL
AF STUBBLEFIELD, WL
TI PRESENT AND FUTURE-STATUS OF THE UNITED-STATES OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET NOAA
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB The NOAA Fleet supports a wide range of operational and research missions to accomplish fisheries, charting, and ocean and atmosphere research programs. NOAA currently operates eighteen ships with others inactive due to lack of funds. This is the largest fleet of research and survey vessel operated by a U.S. governmental agency, and includes a mix of ships from small, coastal vessels to blue-water oceanographic ships. A Fleet Replacement and Modernization (FRAM) Program is underway, and one new multidisciplinary oceanographic research vessel is under construction. A NOAA-wide strategic plan is the focal point for NOAA's policy and budget decisions, including those related to operation and modernization of the NOAA Fleet. The FRAM plan is under review and will use defendable program requirements to determine the size and mix of ships required in the fleet.
RP STUBBLEFIELD, WL (reprint author), OFF NOAA CORPS OPERAT,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 4
BP 15
EP 18
PG 4
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA QT178
UT WOS:A1994QT17800004
ER
PT J
AU STUBBLEFIELD, WL
HARTWIG, E
HEINRICHS, DF
AF STUBBLEFIELD, WL
HARTWIG, E
HEINRICHS, DF
TI A NATIONAL FLEET SYSTEM - A FEDERAL VIEWPOINT
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Note
C1 NATL SCI FDN,ARLINGTON,VA.
USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
RP STUBBLEFIELD, WL (reprint author), OFF NOAA CORPS OPERAT,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 4
BP 56
EP 57
PG 2
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA QT178
UT WOS:A1994QT17800012
ER
PT J
AU LEI, M
LEDBETTER, H
AF LEI, M
LEDBETTER, H
TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF SICP/AL - MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
ID COMPOSITE
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109 USA.
NATL INST SCI & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP LEI, M (reprint author), QUATROSONICS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109 USA.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1073-5623
J9 METALL MATER TRANS A
JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 25
IS 12
BP 2832
EP 2835
DI 10.1007/BF02649234
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA QB881
UT WOS:A1994QB88100028
ER
PT J
AU BLACK, RA
BLUESTEIN, HB
BLACK, ML
AF BLACK, RA
BLUESTEIN, HB
BLACK, ML
TI UNUSUALLY STRONG VERTICAL MOTIONS IN A CARIBBEAN HURRICANE
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; AXISYMMETRIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; SEA
INTERACTION THEORY; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MATURE
HURRICANES; RADAR; MESOSCALE; AIRCRAFT; ICE
AB Unusually strong updrafts and downdrafts in the eyewall of Hurricane Emily (1987) during its rapidly deepening phase are documented by both in situ aircraft measurements and a vertically pointing Doppler radar. Updrafts and downdrafts as strong as 24 and 19 m s(-1), respectively, were found. Mean updrafts and downdrafts were approximately twice as strong as those found in other hurricanes. Updrafts had approximately the same width as downdrafts. The most vigorous updrafts were located in the front quadrants of the storm, and most of the strongest downdrafts were found in the rear quadrants. The downdrafts could not be explained in terms of evaporative or melting cooling, or precipitation drag. Evidence is presented that moist symmetric instability initiated by precipitation loading may have been responsible for the strong downdrafts.
C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019.
RP BLACK, RA (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,HRD,AOML,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Black, Robert/C-9617-2009; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014
OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888
NR 38
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 12
BP 2722
EP 2739
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2722:USVMIA>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PW058
UT WOS:A1994PW05800006
ER
PT J
AU MCNIDER, RT
SONG, AJ
CASEY, DM
WETZEL, PJ
CROSSON, WL
RABIN, RM
AF MCNIDER, RT
SONG, AJ
CASEY, DM
WETZEL, PJ
CROSSON, WL
RABIN, RM
TI TOWARD A DYNAMIC-THERMODYNAMIC ASSIMILATION OF SATELLITE
SURFACE-TEMPERATURE IN NUMERICAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
AB An assimilation technique is described in which satellite-observed surface skin temperature tendencies are used in a model surface energy budget so that the predicted rate of temperature change in the model more closely agrees with the satellite observations. Both visible and infrared GOES satellite data are used in the assimilation. The technique is based on analytically recovering surface moisture from similarity expressions derived from an evapotranspiration residual obtained as a difference between the unadjusted model evapotranspiration and the satellite-inferred evapotranspiration. The technique has application in regional-scale models where surface parameters such as root zone moisture, soil moisture, etc., are unknown. It is assumed that the largest error in the surface energy budget is in the evapotranspiration term. Two tests are given for the technique, first, a one-dimensional test against FIFE data and, second, a three-dimensional test over Oklahoma. In these cases the technique appears to correctly adjust the model response to agree better with observations.
C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MATH SCI,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899.
UNIV ALABAMA,ATMOSPHER SCI PROGRAM,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899.
NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,INST GLOBAL CHANGE RES & EDUC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812.
NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069.
RP MCNIDER, RT (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,EARTH SYST SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA.
NR 8
TC 59
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 12
BP 2784
EP 2787
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2784:TADTAO>2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PW058
UT WOS:A1994PW05800010
ER
PT J
AU ABERSON, SD
DEMARIA, M
AF ABERSON, SD
DEMARIA, M
TI VERIFICATION OF A NESTED BAROTROPIC HURRICANE TRACK FORECAST MODEL
(VICBAR)
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION; SYSTEM
AB A nested analysis and barotropic hurricane track forecast model(VICBAR) was run for tropical cyclone cases in the North Atlantic basin during the 1989-93 hurricane seasons. VICBAR is compared to the other operational hurricane track forecast models and is shown to perform as well as each of these. VICBAR forecasts are stratified by initial date, intensity, and location to assess the variability of model performance. VICBAR produces the best forecasts for hurricane cases, for cases initiated earliest in the hurricane season, for cases moving the most slowly northward, and for those moving westward. The forecasts with the largest errors are examined to illustrate the limitations of the model and to determine whether these cases can be identified operationally.
RP ABERSON, SD (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,HRD,AOML,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013
OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100
NR 23
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 12
BP 2804
EP 2815
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2804:VOANBH>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PW058
UT WOS:A1994PW05800012
ER
PT J
AU ANTIPOV, EV
PUTILIN, SN
KOPNIN, EM
CAPPONI, JJ
CHAILLOUT, C
LOUREIRO, SM
MAREZIO, M
SANTORO, A
AF ANTIPOV, EV
PUTILIN, SN
KOPNIN, EM
CAPPONI, JJ
CHAILLOUT, C
LOUREIRO, SM
MAREZIO, M
SANTORO, A
TI MERCURY-BASED COPPER MIXED-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; HGBA2CUO4+DELTA; 150-K
AB Syntheses, heat treatments, structures and superconducting properties of Hg-based superconducting Cu mixed oxides with the general formula HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2+delta are presented and discussed. The increase of the superconducting transition temperature with n occurs up to the third member. The heat-treatment induces distinct changes of T-c for different members of the series. Superconductivity in Hg-1212 and Hg-1201 exists in underdoped and overdoped regions. In the structures of Hg-based superconductors the (CuO2) layers have an undistorted ideal arrangement, which could be responsible for the existence of superconductivity at temperatures around 120-135 K.
C1 UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE.
AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
NIST,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ANTIPOV, EV (reprint author), MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA.
RI Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015; Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014
OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919; Antipov,
Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829
NR 16
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 21
EP 24
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91304-8
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QA390
UT WOS:A1994QA39000010
ER
PT J
AU LI, Q
KWON, C
XI, XX
VENKATESAN, T
HAM, KM
SOORYAKUMAR, R
AF LI, Q
KWON, C
XI, XX
VENKATESAN, T
HAM, KM
SOORYAKUMAR, R
TI SUPERCONDUCTING REBA2CU3O7-DELTA ULTRATHIN FILMS AND SUPERLATTICES
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITIES; YBA2CU3O7-X/PRBA2CU3O7-X SUPERLATTICES;
YBA2CU3O7/PRBA2CU3O7 SUPERLATTICES; TC; LAYERS
AB Superconducting properties of epitaxial ultrathin ReBa2Cu3O7-delta (ReBCO) (Re = Rare earth) films sandwiched between (PrxY1-x)Ba2Cu3O7-delta ((PrxY1-x)BCO) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) layers and ReBCO/(PrxY1-x)BCO superlattices have been studied with varying thicknesses of ReBCO and doping level x in the adjacent (PrxY1-x)BCO layers. While various experiments have been performed in these systems, in this paper, we will primarily focus on the results of superconducting properties of the ultrathin films and superlattices, the dependence of the superconductivity on adjacent layer materials, and the possibility of charge redistribution across the interface.
C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889.
RP LI, Q (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 91
EP 94
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91322-6
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QA390
UT WOS:A1994QA39000028
ER
PT J
AU CRAWFORD, MK
HARLOW, RL
MCCARRON, EM
COX, DE
HUANG, Q
AF CRAWFORD, MK
HARLOW, RL
MCCARRON, EM
COX, DE
HUANG, Q
TI EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND
MAGNETISM IN SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF LA2CUO4
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPED LA2CUO4; (LA
AB Structural (neutron and x-ray diffraction) and magnetic (neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility) measurements of materials derived from La2CuO4 by isovalent and aliovalent substitution in the La3+ site have been performed. Such substitutions permit the tilts of the CuO6 octahedra (about the (110) and (110) axes of the undistorted 14/mmm structure), and the hole concentration in the Cu-O layers, to be independently varied. The results of these measurements, in combination with those from other research groups, demonstrate that all four tilt structures, HTT (high temperature tetragonal, 14/mmm), LTO1 (low temperature orthorhombic 1, Bmab), LTO2 (low temperature orthorhombic 2, Peen) and LTT (low temperature tetragonal, P4(2)/ncm), support bulk superconductivity, with T-c(HTT) > T-c(LTO1) > T-c(LTO2) > T-c(LTT) at the same hole concentration. Furthermore, there is a strong suppression of superconductivity when the doped carrier concentration is 1/8 hole per Cu2+ in the LTT and LTO2 phases of these materials. The reason for this T, suppression is not established. Finally, the magnetic structures adopted by the Cu2+ spins in the insulating phases, determined by neutron diffraction, are also influenced by the tilts of the octahedra. This may reflect a structural dependence of interlayer and intralayer magnetic anisotropies.
C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CRAWFORD, MK (reprint author), DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE 19880, USA.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 170
EP 173
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91340-4
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QA390
UT WOS:A1994QA39000046
ER
PT J
AU RADAELLI, PG
MAREZIO, M
THOLENCE, JL
DEBRION, S
LOUREIRO, S
SANTORO, A
HUANG, Q
CAPPONI, JJ
ALARIOFRANCO, M
CHAILLOUT, C
AF RADAELLI, PG
MAREZIO, M
THOLENCE, JL
DEBRION, S
LOUREIRO, S
SANTORO, A
HUANG, Q
CAPPONI, JJ
ALARIOFRANCO, M
CHAILLOUT, C
TI SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HG2BA2(Y,CA)CU2O8-DELTA -
THE FIRST CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR CONTAINING A DOUBLE MERCURY OXYGEN
LAYER
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of
Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV)
CY JUL 05-09, 1994
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE
AB The first cuprate superconductor containing double (HgO)(2) layers was synthesized using a high-pressure, high-temperature technique. The compound, with chemical formula Hg2Ba2Y1-xCaxCu2O8-delta, contains a rock salt-type double HgO layer. The prototype compound Hg2Ba2YCu2O8-delta is an insulator. Superconductivity is induced in the system by partially replacing yttrium with calcium.
C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CTR RECH TRES BASSES TEMP,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP RADAELLI, PG (reprint author), UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE.
RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015
OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Bougerol,
Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919
NR 3
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 925
EP 926
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91687-X
PN 2
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QC694
UT WOS:A1994QC69400102
ER
PT J
AU LEDBETTER, H
AF LEDBETTER, H
TI DEPENDENCE OF T-C ON DEBYE TEMPERATURE THETA(D) FOR VARIOUS CUPRATES
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of
Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV)
CY JUL 05-09, 1994
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE
ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; (LA-M)2CUO4
AB I extend the T-c-theta(D) relationship established by Ledbetter and coworkers for La-O and Y-O, and by Dominec for Bi-O, to include Tl-O and Hg-O compounds. In BCS-McMillan materials, theta(D) occurs both in the preexponential factor in the expression T-c - theta(D) exp(-lambda(.1)) and in McMillan's expression for the electron-phonon parameter lambda = C/M , where similar to theta(D). In BCS materials, T-c increases with decreasing theta(D), that is with lattice softening. In all five cuprate superconductors listed above, the opposite occurs: T-c increases with lattice stiffening. From these results, I draw two principal conclusions. First, T-c depends on phonons because it depends on theta(D), the quintessential phonon parameter. Second, the T-c-theta(D) relationship for high-T-c oxide superconductors differs dramatically from that for conventional BCS materials.
RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 8
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 1325
EP 1326
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)91887-2
PN 2
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QC694
UT WOS:A1994QC69400302
ER
PT J
AU REZNIK, D
KEIMER, B
DOGAN, F
AKSAY, IA
AF REZNIK, D
KEIMER, B
DOGAN, F
AKSAY, IA
TI HIGH-RESOLUTION INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF PHONON SELF-ENERGY
EFFECTS IN YBCO
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID GAP
AB We report preliminary results of the high resolution inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the 42.5 meV optical phonon branch in YBCO, whose behavior at momentum transfer q=0 has been extensively studied by Raman scattering. The experiment was done on a large (75g) single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x (T-c approximate to 90K) with the resolution of 2 meV (full width at half maximum). In cooling from 100K to 50K we observe a small softening of the phonon energy at q=0.25,0.25,0, but no significant linewidth change.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RP REZNIK, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 1733
EP 1734
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92088-5
PN 3
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QC695
UT WOS:A1994QC69500096
ER
PT J
AU COFFEY, MW
AF COFFEY, MW
TI EFFECT OF SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE FLUCTUATIONS UPON SURFACE REACTANCE
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA
AB The effect of superconducting phase fluctuations upon the radio frequency surface reactance is discussed. A Langevin approach is used to find the mean square phase fluctuation in a Josephson-coupled layer model of 3D superconductors in the Meissner state. The fluctuation effect on the penetration depth lambda is estimated in both classical and quantum limits and its relevance to microwave measurements is discussed.
RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 1961
EP 1962
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92202-0
PN 3
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QC695
UT WOS:A1994QC69500210
ER
PT J
AU BOHANDY, J
KIM, BF
MOORJANI, K
ADRIAN, FJ
KAISER, D
AF BOHANDY, J
KIM, BF
MOORJANI, K
ADRIAN, FJ
KAISER, D
TI ANISOTROPY IN THE A-B PLANE OF A DETWINNED YBA2CU3O7-Y SINGLE-CRYSTAL
SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of
Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors IV (M2S-HTSC IV)
CY JUL 05-09, 1994
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, MINIST EDUC & SCI, FRANCE, CNRS, FRENCH NATL CTR SCI RES, RHONE ALPES REG, CITY GRENOBLE
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB The orientation dependence of the magnetically modulated microwave absorption response in the a-b plane of a detwinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-y has been obtained. An a-b anistropy is clearly observed with a value of (dH(c2)/dT)a/(dH(c2)/dT)b = 1.26 which in turn implies that the effective mass ratio m(b)/m(a) = 1.58.
C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP BOHANDY, J (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, JOHNS HOPKINS RD, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 235
BP 2038
EP 2039
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)92240-3
PN 3
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA QC695
UT WOS:A1994QC69500248
ER
PT J
AU MACHHOLM, M
GIUSTISUZOR, A
MIES, FH
AF MACHHOLM, M
GIUSTISUZOR, A
MIES, FH
TI PHOTOASSOCIATION OF ATOMS IN ULTRACOLD COLLISIONS PROBED BY WAVE-PACKET
DYNAMICS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID FEMTOSECOND PUMP PROBE; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; SODIUM ATOMS; LASER;
SPECTROSCOPY; NA2
C1 HC ORSTED INST,DEPT CHEM,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK.
CHIM PHYS LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MACHHOLM, M (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,BATIMENT 213,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
NR 26
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 6
BP 5025
EP 5036
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5025
PN A
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PX179
UT WOS:A1994PX17900068
ER
PT J
AU BAMBINI, A
GELTMAN, S
AF BAMBINI, A
GELTMAN, S
TI THEORY OF STRONG-FIELD LIGHT-INDUCED COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN EU
AND SR
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PROFILES
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP BAMBINI, A (reprint author), CNR,IST ELETTR QUANTIST,VIA PIANCIATICHI 56-30,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY.
NR 18
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 6
BP 5081
EP 5091
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5081
PN A
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PX179
UT WOS:A1994PX17900075
ER
PT J
AU YOU, L
COOPER, J
AF YOU, L
COOPER, J
TI QUANTUM-CLASSICAL CORRESPONDENCES FOR ATOMIC OPERATORS - A DOUBLED
ATOMIC-SPACE APPROACH
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEMS; LASER
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP YOU, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 6
BP 5264
EP 5273
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5264
PN A
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PX179
UT WOS:A1994PX17900092
ER
PT J
AU CIRAC, JI
LEWENSTEIN, M
ZOLLER, P
AF CIRAC, JI
LEWENSTEIN, M
ZOLLER, P
TI QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A LASER-COOLED IDEAL-GAS (VOL 50, PG 3409, 1994)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Correction, Addition
ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; PHOTON RECOIL; FIELD; LIGHT
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM,DEPT FIS APLICADA,E-13071 CIUDAD REAL,SPAIN.
POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR THEORET PHYS,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND.
RP CIRAC, JI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Lewenstein,
Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 6
BP 5363
EP 5376
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5363
PN A
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PX179
UT WOS:A1994PX17900108
ER
PT J
AU PAPANEK, P
FISCHER, JE
SAUVAJOL, JL
DIANOUX, AJ
MAO, G
WINOKUR, MJ
KARASZ, FE
AF PAPANEK, P
FISCHER, JE
SAUVAJOL, JL
DIANOUX, AJ
MAO, G
WINOKUR, MJ
KARASZ, FE
TI INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZED VIBRATIONAL DENSITY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES;
POLY(PARA-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHENYLENE VINYLENE;
RING TORSION; STATES; DYNAMICS; POLYACETYLENE; CONDUCTIVITY
C1 UNIV PENN,RES STRUCT MATTER LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,DYNAM PHASES CONDENSEES GRP,MONTPELLIER 05,FRANCE.
INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE.
UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706.
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003.
RP PAPANEK, P (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,3231 WALNUT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA.
NR 34
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 21
BP 15668
EP 15677
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.15668
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PV862
UT WOS:A1994PV86200018
ER
PT J
AU UDOVIC, TJ
RUSH, JJ
ANDERSON, IS
AF UDOVIC, TJ
RUSH, JJ
ANDERSON, IS
TI LOCAL-MODE DYNAMICS IN YH2 AND YD2 BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION NEUTRON
SPECTROSCOPY
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HYDROGEN; YTTRIUM; VIBRATIONS; DIFFUSION;
CED2.12
C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE.
RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 21
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD DEC 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 21
BP 15739
EP 15743
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.15739
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PV862
UT WOS:A1994PV86200024
ER
PT J
AU SPINU, I
MCKENNA, GB
AF SPINU, I
MCKENNA, GB
TI PHYSICAL AGING OF NYLON-66
SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEMI-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS;
MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CREEP-RUPTURE; EPOXY GLASSES; TERM CREEP;
POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); RELAXATION; PMMA
AB The physical aging behavior of nylon 66 as a function of aging temperature, magnitude of applied stress, and aging time has been investigated. Creep tests were performed for samples quenched from a stabilization temperature of 160 degrees C to aging temperatures between 41 degrees C and 65 degrees C, for aging times ranging from 0.5 to 64 h, and at stresses levels from 4 MPa to 24 MPa. Volume recovery was investigated for samples quenched from 160 degrees C to aging temperatures of 41 degrees C and 65 degrees C. The creep compliance curves at different aging times were able to be superimposed. The double logarithmic shift rate was calculated and its dependence on aging temperature and applied stress was determined. Also, it was found that the volume recovery rate depends on the aging temperature. The time-temperature and stress-temperature superpositions were not possible for our data.
RP SPINU, I (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 33
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 6
PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC
PI BROOKFIELD CENTER
PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403
SN 0032-3888
J9 POLYM ENG SCI
JI Polym. Eng. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 34
IS 24
BP 1808
EP 1814
DI 10.1002/pen.760342405
PG 7
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA PZ863
UT WOS:A1994PZ86300004
ER
PT J
AU CHIANG, MYM
MCKENNA, GB
YUAN, J
AF CHIANG, MYM
MCKENNA, GB
YUAN, J
TI A VISCOELASTIC MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF A
COMPOSITE LAYER
SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the epoxy layer and composite substrate of ''inner layers'' can lead to large residual stresses during the manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWB). The viscoelastic nature of the polymeric resin (epoxy) leads to a relaxation of the stresses and a resulting change in dimensions of the inner layer over long periods of time. Here, we treat a micromechanical model using linear viscoelasticity in a finite element thermal stress analysis to demonstrate the time dependency of the ply dimensions upon cooling from near the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the resin to room temperature. The inner layer shrinkage reaches its highest value when room temperature is reached, but the part will continue to change dimensions (shrinkage recovery) for a long time as the in-plane residual stresses relax from their peak values. This evolution takes place over many decades of time. The results show that the long term behavior of dimensional changes is especially pronounced when the effects of time-temperature superposition (TTS) are included below T-g.
C1 AT&T BELL LABS,WHIPPANY,NJ 07981.
RP CHIANG, MYM (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC
PI BROOKFIELD CENTER
PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403
SN 0032-3888
J9 POLYM ENG SCI
JI Polym. Eng. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 34
IS 24
BP 1815
EP 1822
DI 10.1002/pen.760342406
PG 8
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA PZ863
UT WOS:A1994PZ86300005
ER
PT J
AU CARSWELL, JR
CARSON, SC
MCINTOSH, RE
LI, FK
NEUMANN, G
MCLAUGHLIN, DJ
WILKERSON, JC
BLACK, PG
NGHIEM, SV
AF CARSWELL, JR
CARSON, SC
MCINTOSH, RE
LI, FK
NEUMANN, G
MCLAUGHLIN, DJ
WILKERSON, JC
BLACK, PG
NGHIEM, SV
TI AIRBORNE SCATTEROMETERS - INVESTIGATING OCEAN BACKSCATTER UNDER LOW-WIND
AND HIGH-WIND CONDITIONS
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
LA English
DT Article
ID RADAR CROSS-SECTION; X-BAND; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; SEA RETURN; SURFACE;
DEPENDENCE; MODEL; SPEED; GHZ
AB Attempting to understand and predict weather on a local and global basis has challenged both the scientific and engineering communities. One key parameter in understanding the weather is tire ocean surface wind vector because of its role in the energy exchange at the air-sea interface. Scatterometers, radars that measure the reflectivity of a tar-pet, offer a tool with which to remotely monitor these winds from tower-, aircraft-, and satellite-based platforms. This paper introduces three current airborne scatterometer systems, and presents data collected by these instruments under low-, moderate-, and high-wind conditions. Our paper focuses on airborne scatterometers because of their ability to resolve submesoscale variations in wind fields. Discrepancies between existing theory and the observations are noted and concerns in measuring low-wind speeds discussed. Finally, the application of using this technology for estimating the surface-wind vector during a hurricane is demonstrated.
C1 ARCO POWER TECHNOL INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20009.
NOAA,HURRICANE RES LAB,CORAL GABLES,FL 33145.
NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOSTON,MA 02115.
CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,SAR,SYST DEV & ENGN GRP,RADAR SCI & ENGN SECT,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP CARSWELL, JR (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ECE,MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA.
NR 59
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9219
J9 P IEEE
JI Proc. IEEE
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 82
IS 12
BP 1835
EP 1860
DI 10.1109/5.338074
PG 26
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PW156
UT WOS:A1994PW15600006
ER
PT J
AU LIM, K
HO, JX
KEELING, K
GILLILAND, GL
JI, XH
RUKER, F
CARTER, DC
AF LIM, K
HO, JX
KEELING, K
GILLILAND, GL
JI, XH
RUKER, F
CARTER, DC
TI 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF SCHISTOSOMA-JAPONICUM
GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE FUSED WITH A 6-AMINO ACID CONSERVED
NEUTRALIZING EPITOPE OF GP41 FROM HIV
SO PROTEIN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FUSION PROTEIN; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
TYPE 1; SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACTIVE-SITE; PROTEIN;
RESOLUTION; COMPLEX; PURIFICATION; REFINEMENT; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM
AB The 3-dimensional crystal structure of glutathione S-transferase (GST) of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) fused with a conserved neutralizing epitope on gp41 (glycoprotein, 41 kDa) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Muster T et al., 1993, J Virol 67:6642-6647) was determined at 2.5 Angstrom resolution. The structure of the 3-3 isozyme rat GST of the mu gene class (Ji X, Zhang P, Armstrong RN, Gilliland GL, 1992, Biochemistry 31:10169-10184) was used as a molecular replacement model. The structure consists of a 4-stranded beta-sheet and 3 alpha-helices in domain 1 and 5 alpha-helices in domain 2. The space group of the Sj GST crystal is P4(3)2(1)2, with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 94.7 Angstrom, and c = 58.1 Angstrom. The crystal has 1 GST monomer per asymmetric unit, and 2 monomers that form an active dimer are related by crystallographic 2-fold symmetry. In the binding site, the ordered structure of reduced glutathione is observed. The gp41 peptide (Glu-Leu-Asp-Lys-Trp-Ala) fused to the C-terminus of Sj GST forms a loop stabilized by symmetry-related GSTs. The Sj GST structure is compared with previously determined GST structures of mammalian gene classes mu, alpha, and pi. Conserved amino acid residues among the 4 GSTs that are important for hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions for dimer association and glutathione binding are discussed.
C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,STRUCT BIOL LAB,BIOPHYS BRANCH ES76,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812.
UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
NIST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
AGR UNIV VIENNA,INST ANGEW MIKROBIOL,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA.
RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012
OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514
NR 55
TC 155
Z9 157
U1 2
U2 9
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0961-8368
J9 PROTEIN SCI
JI Protein Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 3
IS 12
BP 2233
EP 2244
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA QF865
UT WOS:A1994QF86500009
PM 7538846
ER
PT J
AU XIA, HR
HALL, JL
AF XIA, HR
HALL, JL
TI SPECTRAL FEATURES OF FM SPECTROSCOPY OF 2-PHOTON INTERACTIONS
SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES A-MATHEMATICS PHYSICS ASTRONOMY & TECHNOLOGICAL
SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE 2-PHOTON; OPTICAL HETERODYNE; FM SPECTROSCOPY
ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; SQUEEZED STATES; QUANTUM-THEORY;
4-WAVE; GENERATION
AB The spectral features of FM two-photon resonant interaction processes have been calculated for five different frequency modulation versions of counter-propagating incident fields. It is found that the proposed new modulation version (case b in the text) provides novel spectral features for a completely canceled absorption and a sharp dispersion shape at the fundamental beat note. Moreover, its absorption feature appears at the second harmonic of the RF modulation frequency generated by the joint modes via six interaction pathways without mutual phase shift. Such features persist even when the effects of the second-order sidebands of the incident fields are taken into account. Application potentials are emphasized,
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP XIA, HR (reprint author), E CHINA NORMAL UNIV,ACAD SINICA,SHANGHAI INST OPT & FINE MECH,DEPT PHYS,JOINT LAB QUANTUM OPT,SHANGHAI 200062,PEOPLES R CHINA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1001-6511
J9 SCI CHINA SER A
JI Sci. China Ser. A-Math. Phys. Astron. Technol. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 12
BP 1454
EP 1463
PG 10
WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics
SC Mathematics
GA QH632
UT WOS:A1994QH63200005
ER
PT J
AU CARASSO, AS
AF CARASSO, AS
TI OVERCOMING HOLDER CONTINUITY IN ILL-POSED CONTINUATION PROBLEMS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE ILL-POSED CONTINUATION; HARMONIC CONTINUATION; INVERSE HEAT CONDUCTION;
HOLDER CONTINUITY; SLOW EVOLUTION FROM THE BOUNDARY; NOISE SUPPRESSION;
IMAGE DEBLURRING; TIKHONOV; MILLER METHOD; L-CURVE ANALYSIS; BACKWARD
BEAM EQUATION; SECB RESTORATION
ID BACKWARD; TIME
AB Many ill-posed continuation problems in partial differential equations obey a logarithmic convexity inequality and can be stabilized in an appropriate Banach space by imposing an a priori bound on the solutions. In the simplest cases, such an inequality leads to the sharp stability estimate parallel-to u1(t) - u2(t) parallel-to less-than-or-equal-to 2M1-t epsilon(t), 0 less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 1, for the difference of any two continuations, where t is the continuation variable, M is an a priori bound on parallel-to u(0) parallel-to, and epsilon is an upper bound on the norm of the error in the continuation data at t = 1. For small t > 0, such Holder-continuous dependence on the data is not useful at the levels of data error epsilon typically found in practice, and noise contamination as t down 0 is a characteristic feature of many stabilized ill-posed computations. The present paper analyzes the effects of prescribing a physically motivated supplementary constraint, the so-called slow evolution from the continuation boundary (SECB) constraint. When the SECB constraint is applicable, there results the improved stability estimate parallel-to u1(t) - u2(t) parallel-to less-than-or-equal-to 2GAMMA1-t epsilon, 0 less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 1, with GAMMA much-less-than M/epsilon typically. This theoretical result is valid for a large class of ill-posed continuation problems.
The computational significance of this result is demonstrated in the latter half of the paper. An important class of image deblurring problems is reformulated as a backwards-in-time continuation problem for a generalized diffusion equation. A quadratic functional on L2(R2) is constructed for which the SECB deblurred image is the unique minimizer. An explicit formula is then obtained for SECB restoration in the Fourier transform domain, leading to a fast, practical, numerical restoration procedure involving fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. For a 512 x 512 image, SECB restoration requires about 20 seconds of cpu time on current desktop workstations. To illustrate the theory, a sharp 512 x 512 image is artificially blurred in the presence of noise. The blurred noisy image is then deblurred using the SECB method, as well as the Tikhonov-Miller, Backward Beam, and L-curve methods. Based on qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the four deblurring procedures, it is verified that the SECB constraint sharply reduces noise contamination.
RP CARASSO, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA.
NR 30
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688
SN 0036-1429
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 31
IS 6
BP 1535
EP 1557
DI 10.1137/0731080
PG 23
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA PV369
UT WOS:A1994PV36900003
ER
PT J
AU DOSWELL, CA
AF DOSWELL, CA
TI STORM CHASERS
SO SMITHSONIAN
LA English
DT Letter
RP DOSWELL, CA (reprint author), NOAA,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560
SN 0037-7333
J9 SMITHSONIAN
JI Smithsonian
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 25
IS 9
BP 14
EP 14
PG 1
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA PU665
UT WOS:A1994PU66500005
ER
PT J
AU TILFORD, CR
AF TILFORD, CR
TI PROCESS MONITORING WITH RESIDUAL-GAS ANALYZERS (RGAS) - LIMITING FACTORS
SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 21st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films
CY APR 25-29, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met Div, Amer Vacuum Soc, Thin Film Div
ID QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETER; OPERATION
AB Many vacuum processes are limited by low-level impurities introduced with process gases or generated within the process chamber. Specific impurities are often monitored using residual gas analyzers (RGAs) or partial pressure analyzers (PPAs), most commonly, mass spectrometers of the quadrupole type. Unfortunately, the performance of these instruments can be affected significantly by a number of instrument and vacuum environment variables, so that the sensitivities of even ''calibrated'' instruments can differ significantly from expected values. These variables include ion source parameters, total pressure and prior exposure to active gases. The magnitude of the deviations in sensitivity varies for different instruments, but can reach orders of magnitude in extreme cases. This paper reviews the important factors affecting instrument performance, illustrates the magnitude of the effects for different instruments, recommends instrument test procedures, and suggests operating parameters and procedures that can minimize these effects.
RP TILFORD, CR (reprint author), NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0257-8972
J9 SURF COAT TECH
JI Surf. Coat. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 68
BP 708
EP 712
DI 10.1016/0257-8972(94)90242-9
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA PW039
UT WOS:A1994PW03900115
ER
PT J
AU HUSOY, AM
MYERS, MS
WILLIS, ML
COLLIER, TK
CELANDER, M
GOKSOYR, A
AF HUSOY, AM
MYERS, MS
WILLIS, ML
COLLIER, TK
CELANDER, M
GOKSOYR, A
TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CYP1A-LIKE AND CYP3A-LIKE ISOZYMES
IN HEPATIC AND EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUES OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS-MORHUA L), A
MARINE FISH
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE;
CYTOCHROME-P450IA1 INDUCTION; CELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION;
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TELEOST FISH; LIVER; ENZYMES; SYSTEM
AB The cellular localization of inducible CYP1A and constitutive CYP3A-like forms in different organ systems of Atlantic cod (Gadus mor hua) was determined in control fish and fish exposed to beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with polyclonal rabbit anti-cod P450 1A IgG or rabbit anti-rainbow trout P450con (a putative CYP3A form which cross-reacts with purified cod P450b) serum by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. Following BNF-exposure of cod, CYP1A induction was immunohistochemically demonstrated in hepatocytes and endothelial cells of liver, the endocardium and vascular endothelium in the atrium and ventricle, and epithelial cells of the proximal tubular segment, endothelial cells, and interrenal cells in kidney. The vascular endothelium was the main site of induction of CYP1A in gills, spleen, gut, pyloric caecae, and gonads. The CYP3A-like isozyme P450b was mainly localized to hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium, and epithelial cells of the mucosa in the intestine. Furthermore, the distribution of P450b was not affected by BNF exposure. The localization of P450b bears interesting similarities to the localization of CYP3A in mammals supporting the CYP3A-like identity of cod P450b. Simultaneous localization of inducible CYP1A and a constitutively expressed CYP isoenzyme has not previously been reported in fish. This is also the first presentation of cellular distribution of a CYP3-like isozyme in fish. Staining of CYP1A in endothelial cells supports previous observations that endothelium is a major site of CYP1A induction following xenobiotic exposure in fish. The observation of CYP1A induction in interrenal cells has important implications for possible endocrine effects of xenobiotic exposure. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT ZOOPHYSIOL,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN.
RP HUSOY, AM (reprint author), UNIV BERGEN,HIB,MARINE MOLEC BIOL LAB,N-5020 BERGEN,NORWAY.
RI Goksoyr, Anders/F-8320-2010; Goksoyr, Anders/A-2818-2013
OI Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842; Goksoyr, Anders/0000-0003-4054-9842
NR 47
TC 88
Z9 90
U1 0
U2 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 129
IS 2
BP 294
EP 308
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1254
PG 15
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PX213
UT WOS:A1994PX21300013
PM 7992319
ER
PT J
AU BENTZ, DP
MARTYS, NS
AF BENTZ, DP
MARTYS, NS
TI HYDRAULIC RADIUS AND TRANSPORT IN RECONSTRUCTED MODEL 3-DIMENSIONAL
POROUS-MEDIA
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article
DE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY; CONDUCTIVITY; CRITICAL DIAMETER; HYDRAULIC RADIUS;
PERMEABILITY; POROUS MEDIA; RECONSTRUCTION
ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION; PERMEABILITY; PREDICTION; SPHERES;
ROCK
AB Methods for reconstructing three-dimensional porous media from two-dimensional cross sections are evaluated in terms of the transport properties of the reconstructed systems. Two-dimensional slices are selected at random from model three-dimensional microstructures, based on penetrable spheres, and processed to create a reconstructed representation of the original system. Permeability, conductivity, and a critial pore diameter are computed for the original and reconstructed microstructures to assess the validity of the reconstruction technique. A surface curvature algorithm is utilized to further modify the reconstructed systems by matching the hydraulic radius of the reconstructed three-dimensional system to that of the two-dimensional slice. While having only minor effects on conductivity, this modification significantly improves the agreement between permeabilities and critical diameters of the original and reconstructed systems for porosities in the range of 25-40%. For lower porosities, critical pore diameter is unaffected by the curvature modification so that little improvement between original and reconstructed permeabilities is obtained by matching hydraulic radii.
RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,BLDG 226,ROOM B-348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-3913
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 3
BP 221
EP 238
DI 10.1007/BF00613583
PG 18
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA QU468
UT WOS:A1994QU46800002
ER
PT J
AU BRAATZ, DT
AF BRAATZ, DT
TI HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING FOR THE GREAT FLOOD OF 1993
SO WATER INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
RP BRAATZ, DT (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,N CENT RIVER FORECAST CTR,6301 34TH AVE S,ROOM 202,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55450, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI ALBUQUERQUE
PA UNIV NEW MEXICO, 1915 ROMA NE, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1436
SN 0250-8060
J9 WATER INT
JI Water Int.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 4
BP 190
EP 198
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA QE027
UT WOS:A1994QE02700005
ER
PT J
AU KIM, SS
KIM, SW
HSU, SM
AF KIM, SS
KIM, SW
HSU, SM
TI A NEW PARAMETER FOR ASSESSMENT OF CERAMIC WEAR
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article
DE CERAMICS; ZIRCONIA; SILICON NITRIDE
ID CRACK-PROPAGATION
AB Friction and wear tests were carried out on a face-loaded ring-on-ring wear tester. The materials used in this study were HIPed zirconia (ZrO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4). Friction and wear tests were carried out at room temperature between the same materials under unlubricated conditions. It was found that the coefficient of friction of zirconia was somewhat higher than that of the silicon nitride over the range of testing conditions. Wear rate of silicon nitride was higher than that of zirconia. Worn surfaces investigated by SEM have residual surface cracks and wear particles caused by brittle fracture. It was found that surface cracks were initiated at the trailing edge and propagated to generate a wear particle. It was also found that ceramics have two types of wear particles, small scale in the range of submicrometers to 3 mu m and large scale in the range of 10-16 mu m. Based on these results, a ceramic wear model is proposed to explain the process of wear particles generation. A theoretical analysis based on fracture mechanics has been conducted. A non-dimensional parameter, S-cf, is proposed to estimate the wear rate of ceramics and is defined as
S-cf=P root(1+mu(2))a/K-IC
S-cf is given as a function of normal pressure, fracture toughness of materials, crack length (the degree of surface defect of material) and friction coefficient in the contact region.
The ceramic wear rate, W-s, can be expressed in term of the S-cf parameter as follows:
W-s=alpha(S-cf)(beta)
C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP KIM, SS (reprint author), KYUNGPOOK NATL UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,TAEGU 702701,SOUTH KOREA.
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 179
IS 1-2
BP 69
EP 73
DI 10.1016/0043-1648(94)90221-6
PG 5
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA PY239
UT WOS:A1994PY23900012
ER
PT J
AU HOPKINS, RH
AF HOPKINS, RH
TI ANCHORAGE WINDSTORM OF 1 DECEMBER 1992
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB On 1 December 1992 a strong downslope windstorm with an atypical damage pattern hit Anchorage. Downslope windstorms are common in Anchorage from September through April. Typically damaging winds from these storms are confined to the foothills of the Chugach Mountains and east Anchorage within 5 km of the edge of the foothills. In the 1 December storm, moderate wind damage occurred across the entire city in areas where wind damage is a rarity during downslope windstorms. Anchorage forecasters use an empirically derived automated technique to forecast downslope windstorms. The technique works very well. It is the purpose of this study to add to this technique so that atypical storms like the 1 December storm can be detected in advance. Historical records were searched and two storms with similar atypical damage patterns were found. In this study the 1 December windstorm is described, the two historical storms with similar atypical damage patterns are described, and a forecast tool is devised using a combination of characteristics common to the three storms that is hopefully unique. A by-product of this study is a synoptic-scale tool for forecasting the onset of maximum winds for the majority of Anchorage downslope windstorms.
RP HOPKINS, RH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,ALASKA REG,222 W 7TH AVE 23,ANCHORAGE,AK 99513, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 469
EP 478
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0469:AWOD>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600001
ER
PT J
AU DUNN, LB
HOREL, JD
AF DUNN, LB
HOREL, JD
TI PREDICTION OF CENTRAL ARIZONA CONVECTION .1. EVALUATION OF THE NGM AND
ETA-MODEL PRECIPITATION FORECASTS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB The utility of numerical model guidance produced by the National Meteorological Center has been evaluated for the forecast of convection over central Arizona during the summer monsoon season. Model output from the Nested Grid Model (NGM) and Eta model has been compared to observations taken during the 1990 field experiment referred to as the Southwest Area Monsoon Project (SWAMP).
The NGM precipitation forecasts showed little skill for events in which heavy precipitation was observed over Phoenix, Arizona. Selected events during the SWAMP period were simulated using the Eta model. Qualitative comparisons of the Eta model's precipitation forecasts with lightning data and satellite imagery suggest that the model has little skill over Arizona during the warm season. Nocturnal heavy precipitation over the lower deserts of central Arizona is nearly always preceded by afternoon convection over the mountains to the north and east. The convection over the mountains was absent in the model.
RP DUNN, LB (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WESTERN DIV,DIV SCI SERV,POB 11188,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84147, USA.
NR 0
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 495
EP 507
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0495:POCACP>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600003
ER
PT J
AU DUNN, LB
HOREL, JD
AF DUNN, LB
HOREL, JD
TI PREDICTION OF CENTRAL ARIZONA CONVECTION .2. FURTHER EXAMINATION OF THE
ETA-MODEL FORECASTS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB Output from simulations of the Era model are compared to special observations collected during the 1990 Southwest Area Monsoon Project (SWAMP). The emphasis is on the model's prediction of the preconvection air mass over Phoenix, Arizona, and on the model's representation of the low-level jet and moisture surge observed over southwest Arizona.
At times the model fails to capture the rapid increase in low- and mid-level moisture that is observed in the hours prior to the onset of convection. Subsequent convection is not predicted by the Eta model, in one event the model very accurately predicts the evolution of the air mass over Phoenix during the period just prior to the outbreak of severe convection. However, no convection is predicted by the model. The model seems unable to generate convection over the high terrain or lower deserts of central Arizona regardless of whether the air mass is simulated correctly.
A low-level jet feature observed over southwest Arizona during SWAMP is not correctly simulated by the Eta model. The model produces a very strong sea-breeze circulation from the Gulf of California into western Arizona in each simulation. The moisture and stability profiles associated with the sea-breeze are inconsistent with observations over southwest Arizona, which leads to a misrepresentation of the low- and midlevel moisture field over the region. Poor initial conditions in the sea surface temperature field over the Gulf of California are, at least in part, responsible for the model error.
RP DUNN, LB (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WESTERN DIV,DIV SCI SERV,POB 11188,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84147, USA.
NR 0
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 508
EP 521
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0508:POCACP>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600004
ER
PT J
AU BREAKER, LC
BURROUGHS, LD
CHAO, YY
CULP, JF
GUINASSO, NL
TEBOULLE, RL
WONG, CR
AF BREAKER, LC
BURROUGHS, LD
CHAO, YY
CULP, JF
GUINASSO, NL
TEBOULLE, RL
WONG, CR
TI IMPACT OF HURRICANE-ANDREW ON THE NEAR-SURFACE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT IN THE
BAHAMAS AND THE GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB Hurricane Andrew was a relatively small but intense hurricane that passed through the Bahamas, across the Florida Peninsula, and across the Gulf of Mexico between 23 and 26 August 1992. The characteristics of this hurricane primarily beyond its core are summarized using 1) marine observations from three National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys and three Coastal-Marine Automated Network stations close to the storm track; 2) water levels and storm surge at 15 locations in the Bahamas, around the coast of Florida, and along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico; 3) currents, temperatures, and salinities at a depth of 11 m in the northern Gulf; and 4) spatial analyses of sea surface temperature (SST) before and after the passage of Andrew.
Sea level pressure, wind direction, wind speed, wind gust, air temperature, and the surface wave field were strongly influenced at locations generally within 100 km of the hurricane track, Maximum sustained winds of 75 m s(-1) occurred just north of the storm track near Miami (Fowey Rocks). Significant wave height increased from 1 to 6.4 m at one NDBC buoy in the Gulf of Mexico (25.9 degrees N, 85.9 degrees N). A record high water level occurred at North Miami Beach. Decreases in water level occurred along the west coast of Florida with a maximum negative surge of - 1.2 m at Naples. Increases in water level occurred along the Gulf coast between the Florida panhandle and Louisiana where a storm surge of +1.2 m was observed at Bay Waveland, Mississippi. Current speeds at one shallow water location along the hurricane track in the northern Gulf (28.4 degrees N, 90.5 degrees W) increased from similar to 15 to almost 140 cm s(-1) at a depth of 11 m during passage of the storm. Finally, SSTs decreased by up to 3 degrees C at various locations along the hurricane track.
RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NMC,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
RI Guinasso, Norman/D-3567-2012
OI Guinasso, Norman/0000-0003-2271-8550
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 542
EP 556
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0542:TIOHAO>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600007
ER
PT J
AU SZOKE, EJ
BROWN, JM
MCGINLEY, JA
RODGERS, D
AF SZOKE, EJ
BROWN, JM
MCGINLEY, JA
RODGERS, D
TI FORECASTING FOR A LARGE FIELD PROGRAM - STORM-FEST
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology-Fronts Experimental Systems Test (STORM-FEST) was held from 1 February to 15 March 1992 in the central United States as a preliminary field systems test for an eventual larger-scale program. One of the systems tested was a remote operations center, located in Boulder, Colorado, which was significantly displaced from the main field concentration of scientists and research aircraft. In concert with the remote operations center test was a test of remote forecasting support, also centered in Boulder. The remote forecasting for STORM-FEST was the first major cooperative effort for the Boulder-Denver Experimental Forecast Facility (EFF), a cooperative effort between operations and research aimed at finding more effective ways of addressing applied meteorological problems. Two other newly formed EFF's, at Norman, Oklahoma, and Kansas City, Missouri, also played key roles in the forecasting/nowcasting support. A description of the design and function of this remote forecasting and nowcasting support is given, followed by an assessment of its utility during STORM-FEST. Although remote forecasting support was deemed plausible based on the STORM-FEST experience, a number of suggestions are given for a more effective way to conduct forecasting experiments and provide forecasting support during a field program.
C1 NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO.
RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015
OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193;
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 593
EP 605
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0593:FFALFP>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600010
ER
PT J
AU BROOKS, HE
DOSWELL, CA
COOPER, J
AF BROOKS, HE
DOSWELL, CA
COOPER, J
TI ON THE ENVIRONMENTS OF TORNADIC AND NONTORNADIC MESOCYCLONES
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB The authors investigated differences in the environments associated with tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones are investigated using proximity soundings. Questions about the definition of proximity are raised. As the environments of severe storms with high spatial and temporal resolution are observed, the operational meaning of proximity becomes less clear. Thus the exploration of the proximity dataset is subject to certain caveats that are presented in some detail.
Results from this relatively small proximity dataset support a recently developed conceptual model of the development and maintenance of low-level mesocyclones within supercells. Three regimes of low-level mesocyclonic behavior are predicted by the conceptual model: (i) low-level mesocyclones are slow to develop, if at all, (ii) low-level mesocyclones form quickly but are short lived, and (iii) low-level mesocyclones develop slowly but have the potential to persist for hours. The model suggests that a balance is needed between the midtropospheric storm-relative winds, storm-relative environmental helicity, and low-level absolute humidity to develop long-lived tornadic mesocyclones. In the absence of that balance, such storms should be rare. The failure of earlier forecast efforts to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic severe storms is discussed in the context of a physical understanding of supercell tornadogenesis. Finally, it is shown that attempts to gather large datasets of proximity soundings associated with rare weather events are likely to take many years.
RP BROOKS, HE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010
NR 0
TC 157
Z9 159
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 606
EP 618
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0606:OTEOTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600011
ER
PT J
AU DOSWELL, CA
RASMUSSEN, EN
AF DOSWELL, CA
RASMUSSEN, EN
TI THE EFFECT OF NEGLECTING THE VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE CORRECTION ON CAPE
CALCULATIONS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Note
AB A simple theoretical analysis of the impact of neglecting the virtual correction on calculation of CAFE is made. This theory suggests that while ignoring the virtual correction does not introduce much error for large CAFE values, the relative error can become substantial for small CAFE. A test of the theory is done by finding the error made by ignoring the virtual correction to CAFE for all the soundings in 1992 having positive CAFE (when the correction is made). Results of this empirical test confirm that the relative error made in ignoring the correction increases with decreasing CAFE. A number of other ''corrections'' to CAFE might be considered. In a discussion of the issues associated with the results of the analysis, it is recommended that CAFE calculations should include the virtual correction but that other complications should be avoided for most purposes, especially when making comparisons of CAFE values. A standardized CAFE calculation also is recommended.
RP DOSWELL, CA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010
NR 0
TC 140
Z9 145
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 625
EP 629
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0625:TEONTV>2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600013
ER
PT J
AU FELSCH, P
WHITLATCH, W
AF FELSCH, P
WHITLATCH, W
TI COMMENTS ON STRATUS SURGE PREDICTION ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST
- REPLY
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Note
RP FELSCH, P (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,WSO,3249 SKYWAY DR,SANTA MARIA,CA 93455, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 657
EP 657
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0657:R>2.0.CO;2
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600017
ER
PT J
AU WEAVER, J
PURDOM, JFW
SMITH, SB
AF WEAVER, J
PURDOM, JFW
SMITH, SB
TI COMMENTS ON NOWCASTS OF THUNDERSTORM INITIATION AND EVOLUTION
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Note
RP WEAVER, J (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NOAA,NESDIS,RAMM BRANCH,CIRA,W LAPORTE AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 4
BP 658
EP 662
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0658:COOTIA>2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL526
UT WOS:A1994QL52600018
ER
PT J
AU ROZAS, LP
REED, DJ
AF ROZAS, LP
REED, DJ
TI COMPARING NEKTON ASSEMBLAGES OF SUBTIDAL HABITATS IN PIPELINE CANALS
TRAVERSING BRACKISH AND SALINE MARSHES IN COASTAL LOUISIANA
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE PIPELINE CANALS; FISHERY IMPACT; LOUISIANA; SUBTIDAL HABITAT; SUBMERGED
AQUATIC VEGETATION; HURRICANE IMPACT; BACKFILLING
AB Subtidal habitats of pipeline canals in Louisiana brackish and saline marshes were sampled seasonally (fall, spring, and summer) between October 1991 and March 1993 with a 2-m(2) throw trap to identify dominant natant species and test hypotheses relating habitat selection to water depth. Densities of nekton were compared among canals and between shallow (<1 m) and deep (greater than or equal to Im) areas within canals to test two null hypotheses: H-1: Densities of nekton in pipeline canals are not related to maximum canal depth and H-2: Densities of nekton in shallow and deep subtidal areas of canals are equal. Daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, blue crab Callinectes sapidus, brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus, and gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus numerically dominated nekton assemblages in both brackish and saline canals. Naked goby Gobiosoma bose, rainwater killifish Lucania parva, and gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli were dominant only in brackish canals, whereas white shrimp Penaeus setiferus and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus were abundant in saline canals only. Although variation in the abundance of most numerically dominant species could not be related to maximum canal depth, the distribution of several species within pipeline canals was influenced by habitat depth and other interrelated factors. The degree of habitat segregation with depth was largely influenced by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and salinity as well as water depth. Habitat segregation with depth was most pronounced in brackish canals during late spring (May) when SAV was present. Naked goby, rainwater killifish, blue crabs, and daggerblade grass shrimp were significantly more abundant in shallow water (<1 m) at this time. In saline canals, most blue crabs and daggerblade grass shrimp occupied shallow habitats in March when small juveniles of these species reached peak abundance. Bay anchovy exhibited a pattern opposite that of other species. In March, bay anchovy abundance was positively related to maximum canal depth in brackish canals, and densities were greater in deep than shallow areas of saline canals in June. Salinity may have affected the distribution of freshwater species (e.g., centrarchids) and limited their occurrence in saline canals. Increasing shallow subtidal habitat by backfilling canals may enhance the nursery habitat for some species, especially in brackish canals where the area of subtidal habitat capable of supporting SAV would be expanded.
RP ROZAS, LP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA.
NR 0
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 4
BP 262
EP 275
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PZ385
UT WOS:A1994PZ38500002
ER
PT J
AU WU, WL
ORTS, WJ
VANZANTEN, JH
FANCONI, BM
AF WU, WL
ORTS, WJ
VANZANTEN, JH
FANCONI, BM
TI DENSITY PROFILE OF SPIN CAST POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE THIN-FILMS
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; SPIN CASTING; DENSITY PROFILES; NEUTRON
REFLECTIVITY; REFLECTOMETRY
AB The density profiles of polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA) thin films on silicon (111) single crystal wafers were investigated via neutron reflectivity measurements. Films were prepared by spin casting PMMA onto silicon wafers from o-xylene solution followed by annealing under vacuum at 90 degrees C for 5 h. A similar to 45 A thick layer at the free polymer surface was observed in the as-prepared samples that has a density about half the value of bulk PMMA. After heating above 110 degrees C, this diffuse layer disappeared and the thin film density profile was transformed to one with a sharp free polymer surface. This transition was found to be irreversible. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
RP WU, WL (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,BLDG 224,ROOM B320,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 7
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD NOV 30
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 15
BP 2475
EP 2480
DI 10.1002/polb.1994.090321504
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PN084
UT WOS:A1994PN08400004
ER
PT J
AU CASELLA, RC
AF CASELLA, RC
TI POLES OF LOCAL CLASSICAL ACCELERATION AND SPATIAL SEPARATION IN THE
NEUTRAL PARTICLE ANALOGS OF THE AHARONOV-BOHM PHASES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; CASHER PHASE; INTERFEROMETRY; DIFFRACTION; SHIFT;
FIELD
RP CASELLA, RC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 28
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 22
BP 2941
EP 2945
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2941
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PT997
UT WOS:A1994PT99700001
ER
PT J
AU DAM, HG
PETERSON, WT
BELLANTONI, DC
AF DAM, HG
PETERSON, WT
BELLANTONI, DC
TI SEASONAL FEEDING AND FECUNDITY OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA IN
LONG-ISLAND SOUND - IS OMNIVORY IMPORTANT TO EGG-PRODUCTION
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda
CY JUN 06-13, 1993
CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD
SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST
HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY
ID DIGESTIVE ACCLIMATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD;
TEMORA-LONGICORNIS; FOOD LIMITATION; EAST LAGOON; PHYTOPLANKTON; DANA;
BEHAVIOR; QUALITY
AB Many suspension-feeding copepods show omnivorous feeding behavior. However, the relative contribution to egg production of herbivorous and heterotrophic feeding in copepods remains an open question. In this study, we quantified pigment ingestion rates and egg production rates of the planktonic calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa from July to November of 1986 in Long Island Sound, a large temperature estuary. Pigment ingestion and egg production rates were better correlated to the > 10-mum chlorophyll size fraction than total chlorophyll. Maximum pigment ingestion and egg production rates were observed during the fall bloom in September. Pigment ingestion and egg production rates were linearly related. However, pigment ingestion rates accounted for only 48% of the variance in egg production rates. If female A. tonsa had fed entirely as herbivores over the course of the season, the observed gross efficiency of egg production, K'1 = egg production rate/pigment ingestion rate, in terms of nitrogen, would have been 0.68. This growth efficiency is considerably higher than the expected value, K1 = 0.38, for this species based on laboratory studies of herbivorous feeding. We suggest that the ratio H = K1/K'1 is a measure of the fraction of egg production that is due to herbivorous feeding. Thus, we infer that herbivory accounted for 56% (0.38/0.68) of egg production in A. tonsa in this study. The ratio H is an useful tool in examining the relative contribution to egg production of herbivorous and heterotrophic feeding in copepods.
C1 NOAA,NMFS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH LAW,HARTFORD,CT 06105.
RP DAM, HG (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI SCI,GROTON,CT 06340, USA.
OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038
NR 41
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD NOV 25
PY 1994
VL 293
BP 191
EP 199
DI 10.1007/BF00229941
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QG902
UT WOS:A1994QG90200027
ER
PT J
AU EISENSTEIN, E
YU, HD
SCHWARZ, FP
AF EISENSTEIN, E
YU, HD
SCHWARZ, FP
TI COOPERATIVE BINDING OF THE FEEDBACK MODIFIERS ISOLEUCINE AND VALINE TO
BIOSYNTHETIC THREONINE DEAMINASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PURIFICATION; HEATS
AB Control of the regulatory enzyme threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli is achieved by isoleucine inhibition and valine activation. The mechanism by which these heterotropic effecters regulate the enzyme was investigated by measuring the binding of isoleucine and valine by spectroscopic, kinetic, calorimetric and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The addition of isoleucine or valine to threonine deaminase resulted in large changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of the two tryptophans per polypeptide chain. Slightly cooperative binding isotherms for isoleucine were obtained in potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, yielding an average dissociation constant of 4.91 mu M, which was confirmed by equilibrium dialysis measurements. Valine binding was much more cooperative, and yielded an average dissociation constant of 122 mu M. Titration calorimetry experiments indicated that cooperative heterotropic ligand binding was exothermic, and yielded a stoichiometry of four isoleucine bound per tetrameric enzyme, with an average enthalpy of -10.70 kcal/mol. Valine also bound to four sites per tetramer, with an average enthalpy of -7.45 kcal/ mel. The effect of ligands on the fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra of the essential pyridoxal phosphate cofactor indicates that isoleucine and valine bind to effector sites that are distinct from the active sites in threonine deaminase. Shifts in the kinetic properties of threonine deaminase promoted by isoleucine and valine binding are to a first approximation consistent with analyses of effector binding isotherms in terms of a simple two-state model, and suggest that isoleucine regulates threonine deaminase by preferentially binding to the low activity T state, whereas valine binds preferentially to the high activity R state. Finally, analyses of heterotropic effector binding isotherms suggest that active site ligands may have significant affinity for the regulatory sites, which gives rise to underestimates for the allosteric equilibrium constants determined from substrate analog binding isotherms.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21228.
RP EISENSTEIN, E (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA.
NR 33
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD NOV 25
PY 1994
VL 269
IS 47
BP 29423
EP 29429
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA PU284
UT WOS:A1994PU28400020
PM 7961922
ER
PT J
AU WILLIAMSON, MP
AF WILLIAMSON, MP
TI PC GRAPHICS WATCH - FPDI STANDARDS
SO ELECTRONIC DESIGN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP WILLIAMSON, MP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PENTON PUBL INC
PI CLEVELAND
PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114
SN 0013-4872
J9 ELECTRON DES
JI Electron. Des.
PD NOV 21
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 24
BP 139
EP 140
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PT537
UT WOS:A1994PT53700017
ER
PT J
AU ALSHEIKHLY, M
FARAHANI, M
BOWEN, RL
AF ALSHEIKHLY, M
FARAHANI, M
BOWEN, RL
TI POLYMERIZATION INITIATION BY N-P-TOLYLGLYCINE - FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS
STUDIED BY PULSE AND STEADY-STATE RADIOLYSIS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LINOLEIC-ACID; RESONANCE
AB The extensive use of N-p-tolylglycine (NTG) and analogous compounds in adhesive bonding technologies requires a better understanding of their role in initiating free-radical polymerization. The fast oxidation and reduction reactions of NTG proceed via the formation of various free radicals and radical cation and anion intermediates. These intermediates were identified and their reactivity with oxygen, to produce the corresponding peroxyl radicals, was measured. Hydroxyl radicals (OH) were used to initiate oxidation reactions of NTG, while the reduction reactions were initiated with hydrated electrons (e(aq)(-)). OH radicals react with NTG predominately by addition to the aromatic ring followed by OH-elimination to produce NTG(+). radical cations. In the presence of oxygen, the OH-NTG(.) adduct also reacts with oxygen to produce peroxyl radicals. The reaction of NTG with e(aq)(-) forms the radical anion, which subsequently protonates on the aromatic ring to produce cyclohexadienyl radicals, or undergoes an amine elimination to yield an acetic acid free radical and 4-methylaniline. Hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2.) abstract hydrogen from the alpha position of NTG to form the corresponding alkyl free radical. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
C1 NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ALSHEIKHLY, M (reprint author), NIST,TECHNOL ADM,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0021-8995
J9 J APPL POLYM SCI
JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
PD NOV 21
PY 1994
VL 54
IS 8
BP 1049
EP 1058
DI 10.1002/app.1994.070540807
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PN478
UT WOS:A1994PN47800007
ER
PT J
AU CONWAY, TJ
TANS, PP
WATERMAN, LS
THONING, KW
AF CONWAY, TJ
TANS, PP
WATERMAN, LS
THONING, KW
TI EVIDENCE FOR INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE CARBON-CYCLE FROM THE
NATIONAL-OCEANIC-AND-ATMOSPHERIC-ADMINISTRATION
CLIMATE-MONITORING-AND-DIAGNOSTICS-LABORATORY
GLOBAL-AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT MODEL; MAUNA
LOA; EL-NINO; CO2; DIOXIDE; METHANE; TIME; TEMPERATURES
AB The distribution and variations of atmospheric CO2 from 1981 to 1992 were determined by measuring CO2 mixing ratios in samples collected weekly at a cooperative global air sampling network. The results constitute the most geographically extensive, carefully calibrated, internally consistent CO2 data set available. Analysis of the data reveals that the global CO2 growth rate has declined from a peak of similar to 2.5 ppm yr(-1) in 1987-1988 to similar to 0.6 ppm yr(-1) in 1992. In 1992 we find no increase in atmospheric CO2 from 30 degrees to 90 degrees N. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 emissions cannot explain this result. The north pole-south pole CO2 difference increased from similar to 3 ppm during 1981-1987 to similar to 4 ppm during 1988-1991. In 1992 the difference was again similar to 3 ppm. A two-dimensional model analysis of the data indicates that the low CO2 growth rate in 1992 is mainly due to an increase in the northern hemisphere CO2 sink from 3.9 Gt C yr(-1) in 1991 to 5.0 Gt C yr(-1) in 1992. The increase in the north pole-south pole CO2 difference appears to result from an increase in the southern hemisphere CO2 sink from degrees 0.5 to degrees 1.5 Gt C yr(-1).
C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP CONWAY, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Zhang, Nina/F-3609-2014
NR 51
TC 510
Z9 532
U1 5
U2 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D11
BP 22831
EP 22855
DI 10.1029/94JD01951
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT032
UT WOS:A1994PT03200008
ER
PT J
AU DODDRIDGE, BG
DIRMEYER, PA
MERRILL, JT
OLTMANS, SJ
DICKERSON, RR
AF DODDRIDGE, BG
DIRMEYER, PA
MERRILL, JT
OLTMANS, SJ
DICKERSON, RR
TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OVER THE EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN - CHEMICAL
AND METEOROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR TROPICAL INFLUENCE ON REGIONAL-SCALE
TRANSPORT IN THE EXTRATROPICS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS; SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; EL-NINO; DEPENDENCE; CLIMATE; AEROSOL;
WEATHER; MODEL
AB Observed boreal fall season (September-November) 1991 surface CO data from Mace Head, Ireland,are characterized by particularly high mixing ratios, as evidenced by high means, medians, and maxima for those months, relative to the same data for boreal fall 1992 Air parcels characterized by elevated CO during fall 1991 are attributed to European sources on the basis of isentropic back trajectory analysis. histogram of the 1991 data shows a bimodal distribution representing two discrete source regions, North Atlantic and European, while the 1992 data show only one mode, representing primarily zonal westerly flow over the North Atlantic Ocean. A similar distinction exists in O-3 data between the two years. Considerable interannual variability has important implications for observationalists and modelers alike; an inherent uncertainty is introduced by basing any determination of trend from only a few years of data. An isentropic flow climatology for Mace Head illustrates significant differences in the regional-scale flow patterns to Mace Head between the 1991 and the 1992 fall seasons. These differences have been examined in terms of general dynamical principles and tropical/extratropical coupling. There is evidence of the existence of Rossby wave links with the tropical upper troposphere over South America and the central Pacific Ocean which are responsible for the climatic forcing giving rise to the observed interannual variation in large-scale flow patterns and influencing the chemical character of air parcels reaching Mace Head. Using CO as a tracer for short-lived continental anthropogenic O-3 precursors and calculating Delta O-3/Delta CO for air parcel trajectories following anticyclonic paths over western Europe during the late summer and fall season of 1991, we estimate O-3 production over western Europe at about 66 (40-96) billion moles of O-3 per summer (similar to 3 Tg O-3 per summer), based on 1985 CO emission inventory data (37 Tg CO yr(-1) for western Europe),
C1 CTR OCEAN LAND ATMOSPHERE STUDIES, CALVERTON, MD 20705 USA.
UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA.
NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP DODDRIDGE, BG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA.
RI Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010
OI Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Dickerson,
Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D11
BP 22923
EP 22935
DI 10.1029/94JD02084
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT032
UT WOS:A1994PT03200014
ER
PT J
AU MELLOUKI, A
TALUKDAR, RK
HOWARD, CJ
AF MELLOUKI, A
TALUKDAR, RK
HOWARD, CJ
TI KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF HBR WITH O-3 AND HO2 - THE YIELD OF HBR
FROM HO2+BRO
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OZONE; BRO; CLO; OH
AB An upper limit on the yield of HBr from reaction (R1) (HO2 + BrO --> products) has been determined by measuring an upper limit for the rate coefficient of the reverse reaction (R1') (HBr + O-3 --> HO2 + BrO). The limits measured at 301 and 441 K were extrapolated to low temperatures to determine that the yield of HBr from reaction (R1) is negligible throughout the stratosphere (< 0.01% of k(1)) An upper limit for the rate coefficient of the reaction of HO2 with HBr was also determined to be very low less than or equal to 3 x 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 300 K and less than or equal to 3 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 400 K. The implications of these results to stratospheric chemistry are discussed.
C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
CNRS, LCSR, ORLEANS, FRANCE.
RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki,
Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262
NR 20
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D11
BP 22949
EP 22954
DI 10.1029/94JD02144
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT032
UT WOS:A1994PT03200016
ER
PT J
AU AHMAD, Z
DELAND, MT
CEBULA, RP
WEISS, H
WELLEMEYER, CG
PLANET, WG
LIENESCH, JH
BOWMAN, HD
MILLER, AJ
NAGATANI, RM
AF AHMAD, Z
DELAND, MT
CEBULA, RP
WEISS, H
WELLEMEYER, CG
PLANET, WG
LIENESCH, JH
BOWMAN, HD
MILLER, AJ
NAGATANI, RM
TI ACCURACY OF TOTAL OZONE RETRIEVAL FROM NOAA SBUTJ/2 MEASUREMENTS -
IMPACT OF INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET
AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) has been collecting and evaluating the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument data from NOAA 9 and NOAA 11 spacecraft since March 1985. Over 5 years (March 1985 to October 1990) of NOAA 9 (version 5.0) and over 4 years (January 1989 to June 1993) of NOAA 11 (version 6.0) reprocessed data are now available to the scientific community to study geophysical phenomena involving ozone. This paper examines the impact of the instrument performance on total ozone retrieval from the two instruments. We estimate that at the end of October 1990 the total postlaunch error for NOAA 9 due to instrument alone is -2.2%. A significant fraction of this error (-1.9%) is due to diffuser degradation which is not accounted for in the version 5 reprocessing. The estimate for NOAA 11 total postlaunch instrument error, at the end of June 1993, is -0.4%.
C1 NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, PHYS BRANCH E-RA14, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA.
HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA.
NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA.
NOAA, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC USA.
NOAA, DIV INFORMAT PROC, WASHINGTON, DC USA.
NR 19
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D11
BP 22975
EP 22984
DI 10.1029/94JD01528
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT032
UT WOS:A1994PT03200019
ER
PT J
AU COFFEY, MW
AF COFFEY, MW
TI TRANSVERSE THERMOMAGNETIC EFFECTS IN THE MIXED-STATE OF
JOSEPHSON-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOWER CRITICAL-FIELD; II SUPERCONDUCTORS;
TRANSPORT ENTROPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VORTEX MOTION; FLUX MOTION; LAYER
MODEL; THIN-FILMS; CU-O
AB Transverse thermomagnetic effects (Ettingshausen and Nernst effects) are discussed for a variety of phenomenological models of Josephson-coupled superconducting systems. Analytic expressions for a possible thermal force acting on Josephson vortices in a single Josephson junction are derived. The temperature dependence of the associated transport line entropy is illustrated. The thermal force appropriate to vortices in multilayer and granular structures is mentioned.
RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD NOV 20
PY 1994
VL 233
IS 3-4
BP 409
EP 414
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)90770-6
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT740
UT WOS:A1994PT74000024
ER
PT J
AU BARONE, SB
TURNIPSEED, AA
GIERCZAK, T
RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF BARONE, SB
TURNIPSEED, AA
GIERCZAK, T
RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI QUANTUM YIELDS OF H(S-2) AND CH3S((2)E) FROM THE PHOTOLYSIS OF SIMPLE
ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS AT 193-NM, 222-NM, AND 248-NM
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; CH3SH; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN;
PHOTODISSOCIATION; METHANETHIOL; KINETICS; REGION; MECHANISM
AB The primary quantum yields for the formation of H(S-2), Phi(H), and CH3S((2)E), Phi(CH3S), in the photodissociation of methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) at the excimer laser wavelengths of 193, 222, and 248 nm were measured. Phi(H) were measured using resonance fluorescence detection of H atoms. The Phi(H) were 0.55 +/- 0.04 at 193 nm, 0.98 +/- 0.15 at 222 nm, and 1.09 +/- 0.25 at 248 nm for methyl mercaptan; <0.02 at 222 nm and <0.03 at 193 nm for DMS; and <0.06 at 222 nm and <0.08 at 193 nm for DMDS. No H atom production was observed in the 248 nm photolysis of DMS and DMDS. Using a selectively deuterated methyl mercaptan sample, CH3SD, it was shown that C-H bond scission is negligible in CH3SH photolysis at 193 and 248 nm. The Phi(CH3S), measured by CH3S detection via pulsed laser-induced fluorescence, were 0.93 +/- 0.21 at 248 nn and 0.78 +/- 0.10 at 193 nm for DMS; 1.65 +/- 0.38 at 248 nm and 1.20 +/- 0.14 at 193 nm for DMDS; and 0.48 +/- 0.10 at 193 nm for methyl mercaptan. The nature of the photodissociation processes in these sulfur compounds is discussed in light of the present measurements and the results of past studies.
C1 NOAA,AEOROMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 38
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD NOV 17
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 46
BP 11969
EP 11977
DI 10.1021/j100097a024
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PT442
UT WOS:A1994PT44200024
ER
PT J
AU MURPHY, DM
RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF MURPHY, DM
RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI TEMPERATURE AVERAGES AND RATES OF STRATOSPHERIC REACTIONS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Use of zonal average temperatures is common in numerical modeling of stratospheric chemistry. In most cases, this approach is accurate. The exceptions are when a heterogeneous reaction or a thermal process which is highly non-linear in temperature is involved. The differences between use of an average temperature and more realistic temperature are presented for cases where temperature fluctuations are of importance in the stratosphere. In particular, the rates of reactions of HC1 in sulfate aerosols are significantly underestimated by the use of zonal average temperatures. Errors associated with using monodispersed aerosols in place of a size distribution are also addressed.
RP MURPHY, DM (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
NR 12
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2471
EP 2474
DI 10.1029/94GL02287
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400006
ER
PT J
AU MONTZKA, SA
MYERS, RC
BUTLER, JH
ELKINS, JW
AF MONTZKA, SA
MYERS, RC
BUTLER, JH
ELKINS, JW
TI EARLY TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC ABUNDANCE OF
HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON-141B AND HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON-142B
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS; GROWTH-RATES; DECREASE; SCALE; TERM
AB Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are rapidly replacing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as foam-blowing agents, solvents, and refrigerants. These substitutes, however, still contain chlorine and have the potential to deplete stratospheric ozone. Although the ozone destruction capacity of HCFCs is believed to be significantly less than that for CFCs, concern over unrestricted chlorine input to the atmosphere from HCFC use has prompted proposals for future limits on production. Here we report the first global time-series for mixing ratios of HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane) and HCFC-142b (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane) in air collected at seven remote sampling stations. Global mean mixing ratios in mid-1993 were 0.7 parts per 10(12) (ppt) for HCFC-141b and 4.3 ppt for HCFC-142b. The global atmospheric abundance of HCFC-141b increased by 0.9 ppt, or a factor of approximately 3, in 1993. Global abundance of HCFC-142b increased by 1.1 ppt yr-1 during 1992-1993. The results suggest that HCFCs are currently used extensively for replacing CFCs in selected applications. Furthermore, measured levels are significantly higher than expected based on available emission estimates and consumption predictions.
RP MONTZKA, SA (reprint author), NOAA,DEPT COMMERCE,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
NR 24
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2483
EP 2486
DI 10.1029/94GL02342
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400009
ER
PT J
AU COHEN, RC
WENNBERG, PO
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, J
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, R
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
CHAN, KR
AF COHEN, RC
WENNBERG, PO
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, J
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, R
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
CHAN, KR
TI ARE MODELS OF CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF O(3) BY HO(X) ACCURATE - CONSTRAINTS
FROM IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE OH TO HO(2) RATIO
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; HO2
AB Measurements of the ratio OH/HO2, NO, O3, ClO, and BrO were obtained at altitudes from 15-20 km and latitudes from 15-60-degrees-N. A method is presented for interpreting these simultaneous in situ observations that constraints the rates of chemical transformations that 1) are responsible for over half the ozone removal rate in the lower stratosphere via reactions of HO2 and 2) control the abundance of HO2 through coupling to nitrogen and halogen radicals. The results show our understanding of the chemical reactions controlling the partitioning of OH and HO2 is complete and accurate and that the potential effects of ''missing chemistry'' are strictly constrained in the region of the atmosphere encompassed by the observations. The analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the ratio OH/HO2 to changes in NO is described to within 12% by current models. This reduces by more than a factor of 2 the effect of uncertainty in the coupling of hydrogen and nitrogen radicals on the analysis of the potential effects of perturbations to odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP COHEN, RC (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013
OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 9
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2539
EP 2542
DI 10.1029/94GL01713
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400023
ER
PT J
AU STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
COHEN, RC
KOHN, DW
WENNBERG, PO
JUDAH, DM
TOOHEY, DW
AVALLONE, LM
ANDERSON, JG
SALAWITCH, RJ
WOODBRIDGE, EL
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PROFFITT, MH
AIKEN, K
MARGITAN, J
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
PFISTER, L
CHAN, KR
AF STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
COHEN, RC
KOHN, DW
WENNBERG, PO
JUDAH, DM
TOOHEY, DW
AVALLONE, LM
ANDERSON, JG
SALAWITCH, RJ
WOODBRIDGE, EL
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PROFFITT, MH
AIKEN, K
MARGITAN, J
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
PFISTER, L
CHAN, KR
TI THE RESPONSE OF CLO RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS TO VARIATIONS IN NO2 RADICAL
CONCENTRATIONS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; PINATUBO;
LATITUDE; AEROSOLS
AB The response of ClO concentrations to changes in NO2 concentrations has been inferred from simultaneous observations of [ClO], [NO], [NO2] and [O3] in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere. This analysis demonstrates that [ClO] is inversely correlated with [NO2], consistent with formation and photolysis of [ClONO2]. A factor of ten range in the concentration of NO2 was sampled (0.1 to 1 x 10(9) mol/cm3), with a comparable range in the ratio of [ClO] to total available inorganic chlorine (1% less-than-or-equal-to [ClO]/[Cl(y)] less-than-or-equal-to 5%.) This analysis leads to an estimate of [ClONO2]/[Cl(y)] = 0.12 (x/divided-by 2), in the mid-latitude, lower-stratospheric air masses sampled.
C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717.
HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NOAA,COOPERAT INST ENVIRONM RES,BOULDER,CO 80303.
JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP STIMPFLE, RM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Toohey,
Darin/A-4267-2008; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068;
NR 22
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2543
EP 2546
DI 10.1029/94GL02373
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400024
ER
PT J
AU SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
KOHN, DW
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PFISTER, L
GOTTLIEB, EW
MICHELSEN, HA
YUE, GK
WILSON, JC
BROCK, CA
JONSSON, HH
DYE, JE
BAUMGARDNER, D
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
HINTSA, EJ
DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
KELLY, KK
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
CHAN, KR
BOWEN, SW
AF SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
KOHN, DW
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PFISTER, L
GOTTLIEB, EW
MICHELSEN, HA
YUE, GK
WILSON, JC
BROCK, CA
JONSSON, HH
DYE, JE
BAUMGARDNER, D
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
HINTSA, EJ
DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
KELLY, KK
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
CHAN, KR
BOWEN, SW
TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, AND CHLORINE RADICALS IN THE
LOWER STRATOSPHERE - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGES IN O(3) DUE TO EMISSION OF
NO(Y) FROM SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; OZONE; CHEMISTRY
AB In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained in the lower stratosphere during SPADE are compared to results from a photochemical model that assimilates measurements of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 agree well with measured concentrations of NO and ClO, but concentrations of HO2 and OH are underestimated by 10 to 25%, concentrations of NO2 are overestimated by 10 to 30%, and concentrations of HCl are overestimated by a factor of 2. Discrepancies for [OH] and [HO2] are reduced if we allow for higher yields of O(1D) from O3 photolysis and for heterogeneous production of HNO2. The data suggest more efficient catalytic removal of O3 by hydrogen and halogen radicals relative to nitrogen oxide radicals than predicted by models using recommended rates and cross sections. Increases in [O3] in the lower stratosphere may be larger in response to inputs of NO(y) from supersonic aircraft than estimated by current assessment models.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80307.
JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210.
NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852.
NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
RP SALAWITCH, RJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao,
Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Dessler,
Andrew/G-8852-2012
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820
NR 19
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2547
EP 2550
DI 10.1029/94GL02781
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400025
ER
PT J
AU SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
KOHN, DW
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PFISTER, L
GOTTLIEB, EW
MICHELSEN, HA
YUE, GK
PRATHER, MJ
WILSON, JC
BROCK, CA
JONSSON, HH
DYE, JE
BAUMGARDNER, D
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
HINTSA, EJ
DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
KELLY, KK
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
CHAN, KR
BOWEN, SW
AF SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
ANDERSON, JG
FAHEY, DW
GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
KOHN, DW
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
PFISTER, L
GOTTLIEB, EW
MICHELSEN, HA
YUE, GK
PRATHER, MJ
WILSON, JC
BROCK, CA
JONSSON, HH
DYE, JE
BAUMGARDNER, D
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
HINTSA, EJ
DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
KELLY, KK
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
CHAN, KR
BOWEN, SW
TI THE DIURNAL-VARIATION OF HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, AND CHLORINE RADICALS -
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HETEROGENEOUS PRODUCTION OF HNO2
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBERS; PEROXYNITRIC ACID; STRATOSPHERE
AB In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained through sunrise and sunset in the lower stratosphere during SPADE are compared to results from a photochemical model constrained by observed concentrations of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on sulfate aerosols agree with measured concentrations of NO, NO2, and ClO throughout the day, but fail to account for high concentrations of OH and HO2 observed near sunrise and sunset. The morning burst of [OH] and [HO2] coincides with the rise of [NO] from photolysis of NO2, suggesting a new source of HOx that photolyzes in the near UV (350 to 400 nm) spectral region. A model that allows for the heterogeneous production of HNO2 results in an excellent simulation of the diurnal variations of [OH] and [HO2].
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80307.
JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717.
UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210.
RP SALAWITCH, RJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao,
Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Dessler,
Andrew/G-8852-2012
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820
NR 13
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2551
EP 2554
DI 10.1029/94GL02782
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400026
ER
PT J
AU JAEGLE, L
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, RS
PROFFITT, MH
STIMPFLE, RM
SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
PFISTER, L
AF JAEGLE, L
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, RS
PROFFITT, MH
STIMPFLE, RM
SALAWITCH, RJ
WOFSY, SC
PFISTER, L
TI IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE NO2/NO RATIO FOR TESTING ATMOSPHERIC
PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERIC NO; OZONE; O-3; SPACELAB-3;
PROFILES; N2O5
AB Simultaneous in situ measurements of NO2, NO, O3, ClO, pressure and temperature have been made for the first time, presenting a unique opportunity to test our current understanding of the photochemistry of the lower stratosphere. Data were collected from several flights of the ER-2 aircraft at mid-latitudes in May 1993 during NASA's Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE). The daytime ratio of NO2/NO remains fairly constant at 19 km with a typical value of 0.68 and standard deviation of +/- 0.17. The ratio observations are compared with simple steady-state calculations based on laboratory-measured reaction rates and modeled NO2 photolysis rates. At each measurement point the daytime NO2/NO with its measurement uncertainty overlap the results of steady-state calculations and associated uncertainty. However, over all the ER-2 flights examined, the model systematically overestimates the ratio by 40% on average. Possible sources of error are examined in both model and measurements. It is shown that more accurate laboratory determinations of the NO + O3 reaction rate and of the NO2 cross-sections in the 200-220 K temperature range characteristic of the lower stratosphere would allow for a more robust test of our knowledge of NOx photochemistry by reducing significant sources of uncertainties in the interpretation of stratospheric measurements. The present measurements are compared with earlier observations of the ratio at higher altitudes.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852.
HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP JAEGLE, L (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,183-401,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 22
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2555
EP 2558
DI 10.1029/94GL02717
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400027
ER
PT J
AU DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
HINTSA, EJ
ANDERSON, JG
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
AF DESSLER, AE
WEINSTOCK, EM
HINTSA, EJ
ANDERSON, JG
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET OF THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; METHANE; CH4; CO
AB We analyze the hydrogen budget of the lower stratosphere using simultaneous in situ measurements of northern hemispheric water vapor (H2O) and methane (CH4) obtained during the spring Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE), as well as previously published in situ H-2 data. Based on this data, we conclude that approximately two H2O molecules are produced for each CH4 molecule destroyed. This implies that H-2 production from CH4 oxidation is balanced by H-2 oxidation. The uncertainty in this analysis is greatly reduced by the use of multiple data sets. Additionally, we infer that, on an annual and global average, H2O enters the stratosphere with a mixing ratio of 4.2+/-0.5 ppmv, and that the quasi-conserved quantity 2x[CH4] + [H2O] has a value of 7.6+/-0.6 ppmv in these northern hemisphere air parcels (where [zeta] denotes the mixing ratio of the constituent zeta).
C1 HARVARD UNIV,ATMOSPHER RES PROJECT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NOAA,CMDL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RI Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012
OI Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820
NR 20
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2563
EP 2566
DI 10.1029/94GL02283
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400029
ER
PT J
AU WOFSY, SC
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
MCELROY, MB
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
FAHEY, DW
AF WOFSY, SC
BOERING, KA
DAUBE, BC
MCELROY, MB
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
DUTTON, GS
FAHEY, DW
TI VERTICAL TRANSPORT RATES IN THE STRATOSPHERE IN 1993 FROM OBSERVATIONS
OF CO2, N2O AND CH4
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSTITUENTS; SIMULATIONS
AB Measurements of CO2, N2O and CH4 are analyzed to define hemispheric average vertical exchange rates in the lower stratosphere from November 1992 to October 1993. Effective vertical diffusion coefficients were small in summer, less-than-or-equal-to 1 m2s-1 at altitudes below 25 km; values were similar near the tropopause in winter, but increased markedly with altitude. The analysis suggests possibly longer residence times for exhaust from stratospheric aircraft, and more efficient transport from 20 km to the middle stratosphere, than predicted by many current models. Seasonally-resolved measurements of stratopheric CO2 and N2O provide significant new constraints on rates for global-scale vertical transport.
C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80302.
HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP WOFSY, SC (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI 欧阳, 冰洁/G-2925-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 20
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2571
EP 2574
DI 10.1029/94GL02079
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400031
ER
PT J
AU ZHENG, J
WEINHEIMER, AJ
RIDLEY, BA
LIU, SC
SACHSE, GW
ANDERSON, BE
COLLINS, JE
AF ZHENG, J
WEINHEIMER, AJ
RIDLEY, BA
LIU, SC
SACHSE, GW
ANDERSON, BE
COLLINS, JE
TI AN ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES FROM ACCIDENTAL ENCOUNTERS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AASE-II; DC-8
AB An analysis of data obtained during the second Airbone Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE-II) was made with emphasis on aircraft exhaust plumes accidentally encountered during the mission. Twenty spikes were found with peak NO(y) increments greater-than-or-equal-to ppbv. The examination of CO and CO2 indicates that there was only one NO(y) spike having clearly corresponding spikes of both CO and CO2, and another four with unambigous CO2 spikes. No significant increases were found for CH4 and N2O for these 5 spikes. The ratio of the excess CO2 and NO(y) compares well with the ratio of published subsonic aircraft emission indices. The study of the selected spikes from the DC-8 and another two spikes observed during other missions shows that the odd nitrogen other than NO(x) accounts for a very small percentage of the NO(y) increase associated with the observed spikes.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV COLORADO,CRIES,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681.
RP ZHENG, J (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA.
NR 11
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2579
EP 2582
DI 10.1029/94GL01694
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400033
ER
PT J
AU WAUGH, DW
PLUMB, RA
NEWMAN, PA
SCHOEBERL, MR
LAIT, LR
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
CHAN, KR
AF WAUGH, DW
PLUMB, RA
NEWMAN, PA
SCHOEBERL, MR
LAIT, LR
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
ELKINS, JW
CHAN, KR
TI FINE-SCALE, POLEWARD TRANSPORT OF TROPICAL AIR DURING AASE-2
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE LATITUDES; AEROSOL; TRACER
AB The poleward transport of tropical air in the lower stratosphere during the winter period of the second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (December 1991 - March 1992) is examined using contour advection calculations. These calculations show that filaments of tropical air extend into mid-latitudes, and are wrapped around the equatorward edge of the polar jet. Simultaneously filaments are drawn from the polar vortex and are intermingled with the filaments of tropical air. The tropical filaments are consistent with measurements of chemical tracers taken aboard the ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft which show localized regions, in mid-latitudes, of air with the characteristics of tropical air.
C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WAUGH, DW (reprint author), MIT,CTR METEOROL & PHYS OCEANOG,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA.
RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016
OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798
NR 24
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2603
EP 2606
DI 10.1029/94GL01082
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400039
ER
PT J
AU YUE, GK
VEIGA, RE
POOLE, LR
ZAWODNY, JM
PROFFITT, MH
AF YUE, GK
VEIGA, RE
POOLE, LR
ZAWODNY, JM
PROFFITT, MH
TI ESTIMATED SAGE-II OZONE MIXING RATIOS IN EARLY 19930 AND COMPARISONS
WITH STRATOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY, AEROSOLS AND DYNAMICS EXPEDITION
MEASUREMENTS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VALIDATION
AB An empirical time-series model for estimating ozone mixing ratios based on Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II monthly mean ozone data for the period October 1984 through June 1991 has been developed. The modeling results for ozone mixing ratios in the 10- to 30-km region in early months of 1993 are presented. In situ ozone profiles obtained by a dual-beam UV-absorption ozone photometer during the Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition campaign, May 1-14, 1993, are compared with the model results. With the exception of two profiles at altitudes below 16 km, ozone mixing ratios derived by the model and measured by the ozone photometer are in relatively good agreement within their individual uncertainties. The identified discrepancies in the two profiles are discussed.
C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,HAMPTON,VA 23666.
NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP YUE, GK (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 23
BP 2607
EP 2610
DI 10.1029/94GL02282
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PT474
UT WOS:A1994PT47400040
ER
PT J
AU MELAMUD, M
BENNETT, LH
WATSON, RE
AF MELAMUD, M
BENNETT, LH
WATSON, RE
TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE PROPERTIES OF HARD MAGNETS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH IRON NITRIDES; RARE-EARTH; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DISCLINATIONS;
ANISOTROPIES; MOMENT; METAL; FE
C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA.
NUCL RES CTR NEGEV, IL-84190 BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL.
RP NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6044
EP 6046
DI 10.1063/1.358360
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800005
ER
PT J
AU NUNEZ, V
GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
FASCHINGER, W
BAUER, G
SITTER, H
FURDYNA, JK
AF NUNEZ, V
GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
FASCHINGER, W
BAUER, G
SITTER, H
FURDYNA, JK
TI INTERLAYER CORRELATIONS AND HELICAL SPIN ORDERING IN MNTE/CDTE
MULTILAYERS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
ID STRAIN
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030.
JOHANNES KEPLER UNIV,A-4040 LINZ,AUSTRIA.
UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556.
RP NUNEZ, V (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6290
EP 6290
DI 10.1063/1.358308
PN 2
PG 1
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800086
ER
PT J
AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
NUNEZ, V
SPRINGHOLZ, G
BAUER, G
CHEN, J
DRESSELHAUS, MS
FURDYNA, JK
AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
NUNEZ, V
SPRINGHOLZ, G
BAUER, G
CHEN, J
DRESSELHAUS, MS
FURDYNA, JK
TI INTERLAYER COUPLING IN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC EUTE/PBTE SUPERLATTICES
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV LINZ,LINZ,AUSTRIA.
MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556.
RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6291
EP 6291
DI 10.1063/1.358309
PN 2
PG 1
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800087
ER
PT J
AU FUERST, CD
HERBST, JF
MISHRA, RK
MCMICHAEL, RD
AF FUERST, CD
HERBST, JF
MISHRA, RK
MCMICHAEL, RD
TI MAGNETIC AND MAGNETOCALORIC PROPERTIES OF MELT-SPUN GDXAG100-X ALLOYS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID CLUSTERS
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP FUERST, CD (reprint author), GM CORP,NAO RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PHYS,30500 MOUND RD,WARREN,MI 48090, USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012;
OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6301
EP 6303
DI 10.1063/1.358317
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800092
ER
PT J
AU HUA, SZ
LASHMORE, DS
SALAMANCARIBA, L
SCHWARZACHER, W
SWARTZENRUBER, LJ
MCMICHAEL, RD
BENNETT, LH
HART, R
AF HUA, SZ
LASHMORE, DS
SALAMANCARIBA, L
SCHWARZACHER, W
SWARTZENRUBER, LJ
MCMICHAEL, RD
BENNETT, LH
HART, R
TI GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE PEAKS IN CONICU/CU MULTILAYERS GROWN BY
ELECTRODEPOSITION
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; EXCHANGE
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT PHYS,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND.
RP HUA, SZ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009;
OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; McMichael,
Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 16
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6519
EP 6521
DI 10.1063/1.358250
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800161
ER
PT J
AU ROSOV, N
LYNN, JW
GRIGEREIT, TE
AF ROSOV, N
LYNN, JW
GRIGEREIT, TE
TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF THE VORTEX LATTICE IN NIOBIUM AND R123
SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID NB; DIFFRACTION; STATE
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCOND RES,COLLEGE PK,MD.
RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6772
EP 6777
DI 10.1063/1.358127
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800245
ER
PT J
AU KEIMER, B
LYNN, JW
ERWIN, RW
DOGAN, F
SHIH, WY
AKSAY, IA
AF KEIMER, B
LYNN, JW
ERWIN, RW
DOGAN, F
SHIH, WY
AKSAY, IA
TI VORTEX STRUCTURES IN YBA2CU3O7
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE; SCATTERING; STATES
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON MAT INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RP KEIMER, B (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA.
RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008
NR 26
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6778
EP 6783
DI 10.1063/1.358531
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800246
ER
PT J
AU BENNETT, LH
SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ
TURCHINSKAYA, MJ
BLENDELL, JE
HABIB, JM
SEYOUM, HM
AF BENNETT, LH
SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ
TURCHINSKAYA, MJ
BLENDELL, JE
HABIB, JM
SEYOUM, HM
TI LONG-TIME MAGNETIC-RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS ON A QUENCH MELT GROWTH YBCO
SUPERCONDUCTOR
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-CREEP;
II SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS;
PHASE; FIELD
C1 UNIV DIST COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20008.
RP BENNETT, LH (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6950
EP 6952
DI 10.1063/1.358084
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800306
ER
PT J
AU STROSCIO, JA
PIERCE, DT
UNGURIS, J
CELOTTA, RJ
AF STROSCIO, JA
PIERCE, DT
UNGURIS, J
CELOTTA, RJ
TI INFLUENCE OF CR GROWTH ON EXCHANGE COUPLING IN FE/CR/FE(100) (INVITED)
(ABSTRACT)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NIST,ELECTRON PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 6992
EP 6992
DI 10.1063/1.358065
PN 2
PG 1
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800320
ER
PT J
AU ANKNER, JF
SCHREYER, A
ZABEL, H
BORCHERS, JA
MAJKRZAK, CF
SCHAFER, M
WOLF, JA
GRUNBERG, P
FILIPKOWSKI, ME
GUTIERREZ, CJ
KREBS, JJ
PRINZ, GA
AF ANKNER, JF
SCHREYER, A
ZABEL, H
BORCHERS, JA
MAJKRZAK, CF
SCHAFER, M
WOLF, JA
GRUNBERG, P
FILIPKOWSKI, ME
GUTIERREZ, CJ
KREBS, JJ
PRINZ, GA
TI POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY STUDIES OF BIQUADRATIC COUPLING IN
[FE/CR] (100) AND [FE/AL] (100) SUPERLATTICES AND FILMS (INVITED)
(ABSTRACT)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 RUHR UNIV BOCHUM, FAK PHYS & ASTRON, D-44780 BOCHUM, GERMANY.
NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY.
USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA.
RP UNIV MISSOURI, RES REACTOR, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA.
RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 7092
EP 7092
DI 10.1063/1.358038
PN 2
PG 1
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800356
ER
PT J
AU HSIEH, WT
LI, WH
LEE, KC
LYNN, JW
SHIEH, JH
KU, HC
AF HSIEH, WT
LI, WH
LEE, KC
LYNN, JW
SHIEH, JH
KU, HC
TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF PR IN PB2SR2PRCU3O8
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID IONS
C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HSINCHU 300,TAIWAN.
RP HSIEH, WT (reprint author), NATL CENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN.
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 7124
EP 7126
DI 10.1063/1.358051
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800368
ER
PT J
AU LI, WH
JOU, CJ
SHYR, ST
LEE, KC
LYNN, JW
TSAY, HL
YANG, HD
AF LI, WH
JOU, CJ
SHYR, ST
LEE, KC
LYNN, JW
TSAY, HL
YANG, HD
TI EFFECTS OF GA DOPING ON THE MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF PR IN PRBA2CU3O7
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN.
RP LI, WH (reprint author), NATL CENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN.
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 10
BP 7136
EP 7138
DI 10.1063/1.358055
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT848
UT WOS:A1994PT84800372
ER
PT J
AU FORNEY, D
JACOX, ME
IRIKURA, KK
AF FORNEY, D
JACOX, ME
IRIKURA, KK
TI MATRIX-ISOLATION STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EXCITED NEON ATOMS WITH CF4
- INFRARED-SPECTRA OF CF3(+) AND CF3(-)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-IONS; SOLID NEON; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA;
ELECTRONIC STATES; GROUP-IV; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; ANIONS; ARGON
C1 NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 49
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 10
BP 8290
EP 8296
DI 10.1063/1.468094
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PR236
UT WOS:A1994PR23600002
ER
PT J
AU WEIDA, MJ
SPERHAC, JM
NESBITT, DJ
HUTSON, JM
AF WEIDA, MJ
SPERHAC, JM
NESBITT, DJ
HUTSON, JM
TI SIGNATURES OF LARGE-AMPLITUDE MOTION IN A WEAKLY-BOUND COMPLEX -
HIGH-RESOLUTION IR SPECTROSCOPY AND QUANTUM CALCULATIONS FOR HECO2
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE;
POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; TO-STATE LEVEL; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION;
VANDERWAALS MOLECULE; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; PROPENSITY RULES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTRON-GAS
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
UNIV DURHAM, DEPT CHEM, DURHAM DH1 3LE, ENGLAND.
RP WEIDA, MJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012
OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622
NR 46
TC 85
Z9 85
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 10
BP 8351
EP 8363
DI 10.1063/1.468099
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PR236
UT WOS:A1994PR23600008
ER
PT J
AU WILSON, WD
JOHNS, E
MOLINARI, RL
AF WILSON, WD
JOHNS, E
MOLINARI, RL
TI UPPER LAYER CIRCULATION IN THE WESTERN TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN
DURING AUGUST-1989
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOCLINE
AB Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler velocity measurements and profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen measurements are used to map the flow field above the sigma(theta) = 26.8 isopycnal (approximately the upper 300 m of the water column) in the North Brazil Current (NBC) retroflection region (0 degrees to 14 degrees N, 60 degrees to 40 degrees W) during August of 1989. The water column is divided into a near-surface, upper thermocline layer (above sigma(theta) = 24.5) and a main to subthermocline layer (sigma(theta) = 24.5 to sigma(theta) = 26.8). In the upper layer the eastward flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) is composed of 16 x 10(6) m(3)/s of NBC transport that has retroflected from the m coast between 6 degrees N and 8 degrees N and 8 x 10(6) m(3)/s of North Equatorial Current (NEC) transport returning eastward. An anticyclonic eddy with a 10 x 10(6) m(3)/s transport lies m northwest of the NBC retroflection. No throughflow is observed along the boundary, and only a small portion of the observed NEC transport (1.5 x 10(6) m(3)/s) enters the Caribbean Sea. In the lower layer the NBC transports 8 x 10(6) m(3)/s into the subthermocline North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC). In addition, 15 x 10(6) m(3)/s joins the NEUC from the north. At 44 degrees W the subsurface core of the NEUC lies south of the near-surface core of the NECC. Nearly half of the NEUC transport is made up of a mixed water type with salinity-oxygen (S-O-2) characteristics intermediate to the characteristics of the original component transports. There is no evidence of continuous NBC flow into the Caribbean Sea in the lower level. The closed eddy to the north of the retroflection, however, contains water masses with South Atlantic S-O-2 properties.
RP WILSON, WD (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV PHYS OCEANOG,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013
OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052
NR 16
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C11
BP 22513
EP 22523
DI 10.1029/94JC02066
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PR668
UT WOS:A1994PR66800012
ER
PT J
AU SCHUTTE, CL
AF SCHUTTE, CL
TI ENVIRONMENTAL DURABILITY OF GLASS-FIBER COMPOSITES
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS
LA English
DT Review
ID SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; REINFORCED POLYMER
COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL SHEAR-STRENGTH; EPOXY-RESINS; MOISTURE
ABSORPTION; HYGROELASTIC BEHAVIOR; HYDROLYTIC STABILITY; SURFACE
TREATMENTS; ACID ENVIRONMENTS
AB Durability of glass-fiber/polymer composites is dictated by the durability of the components: glass fiber, matrix, and the interface. Environmental attack by moisture, for example, can degrade the strength of the glass fiber; plasticize, swell, or microcrack the resin; and degrade the fiber/matrix interface by either chemical or mechanical attack. The relative rates of these degradation processes are a function of the chemistry of the resin, temperature, length of time of exposure, degree of stress (whether cyclic or static), chemistry and morphology of coating of coupling agent on the glass fiber, and type of glass fiber. Several examples illustrate how the chemistry and morphology of the coatings of coupling agents that are on the glass fiber influence the strength and durability of the interfacial region.
RP SCHUTTE, CL (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,POLYMER COMPOSITES GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 215
TC 97
Z9 98
U1 2
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0927-796X
J9 MAT SCI ENG R
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 265
EP 323
DI 10.1016/0927-796X(94)90002-7
PG 59
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA QR753
UT WOS:A1994QR75300001
ER
PT J
AU AUST, JA
MALONE, KJ
VEASEY, DL
SANFORD, NA
ROSHKO, A
AF AUST, JA
MALONE, KJ
VEASEY, DL
SANFORD, NA
ROSHKO, A
TI PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED ND-DOPED WAVE-GUIDE LASER
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; AMPLIFIER
AB A passively and-switched waveguide laser operating at 1.054 mu m has been demonstrated in a Nd-doped phosphate glass. The channel waveguide was fabricated by K-ion exchange from a nitrate melt. Passively and-switched pulses were achieved by placement of an acetate sheet containing an organic saturable-absorbing dye within the laser cavity. The resulting pulse train consisted of pulses with a FWHM of similar to 25 ns and peak powers of 3.04 W. With an 80% transmitting output coupler, cw operation of the laser provided 5.2 mW of output power at 1.054 mu m for 229 mW of absorbed 794-nm pump power.
RP AUST, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPTOELECTR MFG GRP,325 BROADWAY,81504,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 22
BP 1849
EP 1851
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001849
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PR094
UT WOS:A1994PR09400017
PM 19855674
ER
PT J
AU ROCHFORD, KB
ROSE, AH
DEETER, MN
DAY, GW
AF ROCHFORD, KB
ROSE, AH
DEETER, MN
DAY, GW
TI FARADAY-EFFECT CURRENT SENSOR WITH IMPROVED SENSITIVITY-BANDWIDTH
PRODUCT
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS
AB We report a new design for a Faraday effect current sensor based on yttrium iron garnet that has substantially greater bandwidth than previous designs and is much easier to fabricate. The measured sensitivity is 0.7 degrees/A, with a -3-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz, which gives an improvement in sensitivity-bandwidth product of approximately 45. A noise-equivalent current of 840 nA/Hz(1/2) was measured at 1.8 kHz by difference-over-sum processing. The use of turning prisms with phase-preserving coatings greatly simplifies construction, improves electrical isolation, and increases sensitivity through proximity effects.
RP ROCHFORD, KB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECTR,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016
OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518
NR 11
TC 25
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 6
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 22
BP 1903
EP 1905
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001903
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PR094
UT WOS:A1994PR09400035
PM 19855692
ER
PT J
AU GRIGEREIT, TE
LYNN, JW
HUANG, Q
SANTORO, A
CAVA, RJ
KRAJEWSKI, JJ
PECK, WF
AF GRIGEREIT, TE
LYNN, JW
HUANG, Q
SANTORO, A
CAVA, RJ
KRAJEWSKI, JJ
PECK, WF
TI OBSERVATION OF OSCILLATORY MAGNETIC ORDER IN THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC
SUPERCONDUCTOR HONI2B2C
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ERRH4B4; FERROMAGNETISM; DESTRUCTION; TRANSITION; HOMO6S8
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
RP GRIGEREIT, TE (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 19
TC 153
Z9 155
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 14
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 20
BP 2756
EP 2759
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2756
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PQ932
UT WOS:A1994PQ93200030
ER
PT J
AU GAYLE, FW
GOODWAY, M
AF GAYLE, FW
GOODWAY, M
TI PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN THE FIRST AEROSPACE ALUMINUM-ALLOY - THE
WRIGHT FLYER CRANKCASE
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PERCENT CU; AL-1.7; ZONES
AB Aluminum has had an essential part in aerospace history from its very inception: An aluminum copper alloy (with a copper composition of 8 percent by weight) was used in the engine that powered the historic first flight of the Wright brothers in 1903. Examination of this alloy shows that it is precipitation-hardened by Guinier-Preston zones in a bimodal distribution, with larger zones (10 to 22 nanometers) originating in the casting practice and finer ones (3 nanometers) resulting from ambient aging over the last 90 years. The precipitation hardening in the Wright Flyer crankcase occurred earlier than the experiments of Wilm in 1909, when such hardening was first discovered, and predates the accepted first aerospace application of precipitation-hardened aluminum in 1910.
C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560.
RP GAYLE, FW (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 11
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5187
BP 1015
EP 1017
DI 10.1126/science.266.5187.1015
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PQ924
UT WOS:A1994PQ92400035
PM 17779943
ER
PT J
AU GIROUX, ML
SUTHERLAND, RS
SHULL, JM
AF GIROUX, ML
SUTHERLAND, RS
SHULL, JM
TI MULTIPHASE GAS IN QUASAR ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; ISM; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; QUASARS;
ABSORPTION LINES
ID HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERSTELLAR; ABUNDANCE; GALAXIES; CLOUDS; MODELS; RATIO
AB In the standard model for H I Lyman-limit (LL) quasar absorption-line systems, the absorbing matter is galactic disk and halo gas, heated and photoionized by the metagalactic radiation field produced by active galaxies. In recent Hubble Space Telescope observations (Reimers et al. 1992; Vogel and Reimers 1993; Reimers and Vogel 1993) of LL systems along the line of sight to the quasar HS 1700+6416, surprisingly high He I/H I ratios and a wide distribution of column densities of C, N, and O ions are deduced from extreme ultraviolet absorption lines. We show that these observations are incompatible with photoionization equilibrium by a single metagalactic ionizing background. We argue that these quasar absorption systems possess a multiphase interstellar medium similar to that of our Galaxy, in which extended hot, collisionally ionized gas is responsible for some or all of the high ionization stages of heavy elements. From the He/H ratios we obtain -4.0 less than or equal to log U less than or equal to -3.0, while the CNO ions are consistent with hot gas in collisional ionization equilibrium at log T = 5.3 and [O/H] = -1.6. The supernova rate necessary to produce these heavy elements and maintain the hot-gas energy budget of similar to 10(41.5) ergs s(-1) is similar to 10(-2) yr(-1), similar to that which maintains the ''three-phase'' interstellar medium in our own Galaxy. As a consequence of the change in interpretation from photoionized gas to a multiphase medium, the derived heavy-element abundances (e.g., O/C) of these systems are open to question owing to substantial ionization corrections for unseen C v in the hot phase. The metal-line ratios may also lead to erroneous diagnostics of the shape of the metagalactic ionizing spectrum and the ionizing parameter of the absorbers.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP GIROUX, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 23
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 435
IS 2
BP L97
EP L100
DI 10.1086/187603
PN 2
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PQ973
UT WOS:A1994PQ97300005
ER
PT J
AU STEPHENS, G
AF STEPHENS, G
TI HURRICANE-ANDREW
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
RP STEPHENS, G (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,E-SP22,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 16
BP 3131
EP 3132
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA PT573
UT WOS:A1994PT57300001
ER
PT J
AU JACKSON, NL
STEPHENS, G
AF JACKSON, NL
STEPHENS, G
TI HURRICANE-ANDREW FROM THE POLAR ORBITING SATELLITE PERSPECTIVE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
AB Hurricane Andrew rampaged across Florida and Louisiana causing businesses and homes to be lost and leaving thousands of people homeless. This storm was a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale and generated winds of 145 miles per hour (65 m s-1) with gusts exceeding 175 miles per hour (78 m s-1). Billions of dollars were needed for repairs, shelters, and public utilities. Federal organizations like the National Guard and large corporations provided communities with shelter, food and clothing. Hurricane Andrew ... a storm Americans will never forget.
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates the nation's operational environmental satellite systems. The Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) provide coverage to meet the needs of users in the government, public, private, and scientific communities for research and development, training, and educational purposes. A description of the POES system is given with example images of Hurricane Andrew, demonstrating the utility of polar orbiting satellites in tracking and analyzing destructive storms.
RP JACKSON, NL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 16
BP 3133
EP 3139
PG 7
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA PT573
UT WOS:A1994PT57300002
ER
PT J
AU ZHANG, M
SCOFIELD, RA
AF ZHANG, M
SCOFIELD, RA
TI ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING HEAVY CONVECTIVE
RAINFALL AND RECOGNIZING CLOUD MERGERS FROM SATELLITE DATA
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
AB This research presents an artificial neural network (ANN) technique for heavy convective rainfall estimation and cloud merger recognition from satellite data. An Artificial Neural network expert system for Satellite-derived Estimation of Rainfall (ANSER) has been developed in the NOAA/NESDIS Satellite Applications Laboratory. Using artificial neural network group techniques, the following can be achieved: automatic recognition of cloud mergers, computation of rainfall amounts that will be ten times faster, and average errors of the rainfall estimates for the total precipitation event that will be reduced to less that 10 per cent.
RP ZHANG, M (reprint author), NOAA,CTR SCI,NESDIS SATELLITE APPLICAT LAB,ROOM 601,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 22
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 16
BP 3241
EP 3261
PG 21
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA PT573
UT WOS:A1994PT57300011
ER
PT J
AU SMITH, WHF
SANDWELL, DT
AF SMITH, WHF
SANDWELL, DT
TI BATHYMETRIC PREDICTION FROM DENSE SATELLITE ALTIMETRY AND SPARSE
SHIPBOARD BATHYMETRY
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN; SOUTH-PACIFIC; EXPERIMENTAL ISOSTASY; ATLANTIC
OCEAN; MARINE GRAVITY; WORLDS OCEANS; PROFILES; TOPOGRAPHY; AGE;
COMPENSATION
AB The southern oceans (south of 30 degrees S) are densely covered with satellite-derived gravity data (track spacing 2-4 km) and sparsely covered with shipboard depth soundings (hundreds of kilometers between tracks in some areas). Flexural isostatic compensation theory suggests that bathymetry and downward continued gravity data may show linear correlation in a band of wavelengths 15-160 km, if sediment cover is thin and seafloor relief is moderate. At shorter wavelengths, the gravity field is insensitive to seafloor topography because of upward continuation from the seafloor to the sea surface; at longer wavelengths, isostatic compensation cancels out most of the gravity field due to the seafloor topography. We combine this theory with Wiener optimization theory and empirical evidence for gravity noise-to-signal ratios to design low-pass and band-pass filters to use in predicting bathymetry from gravity. The prediction combines long wavelengths (> 160 km) from low-pass-filtered soundings with an intermediate-wavelength solution obtained from multiplying downward continued, band-pass filtered (15-160 km) gravity data by a scaling factor S. S is empirically determined from the correlation between gravity data and existing soundings in the 15-160 km band by robust regression and varies at long wavelengths. We find that areas with less than 200 m of sediment cover show correlation between gravity and bathymetry significant at the 99% level, and S may be related to the density of seafloor materials in these areas. The prediction has a horizontal resolution limit of 5-10 km in position and is within 100 m of actual soundings at 50% of grid points and within 240 m at 80% of these. In areas of very rugged topography the prediction underestimates the peak amplitudes of seafloor features. Images of the prediction reveal many tectonic features not seen on any existing bathymetric charts. Because the prediction relies on the gravity field at wavelengths < 160 km, it is insensitive to errors in the navigation of sounding lines but also cannot completely reproduce them. Therefore it may be used to locate tectonic features but should not be used to assess hazards to navigation. The prediction is available from the National Geophysical Data Center in both digital and printed form.
C1 SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA.
RP NOAA, GEOSCI LAB,NATL OCEAN SERV,CODE N-OES-12,SSMC-4, STN 8423, 1305 E WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD USA.
RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010
OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X
NR 60
TC 246
Z9 262
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 99
IS B11
BP 21803
EP 21824
DI 10.1029/94JB00988
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PR675
UT WOS:A1994PR67500018
ER
PT J
AU CHRISTIDES, C
DEVLIN, E
SIMOPOULOS, A
MEIDINE, MF
EVANS, DJ
PAUL, RL
AF CHRISTIDES, C
DEVLIN, E
SIMOPOULOS, A
MEIDINE, MF
EVANS, DJ
PAUL, RL
TI AN IRON-CARBONYL DERIVATIVE OF C-60 EXAMINED WITH MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; C60
AB Mossbauer measurements performed between 5 and 300 K on polycrystalline powder of an iron-carbonyl derivative of C-60 reveal two inequivalent iron sites. The first site displays a quadrupole split doubler at all temperatures, assigned to an [{Fe(CO)(4)}(x)(eta(2)-C-60)] adduct (X unknown). This iron site presents an S = 0 spin state and a negative isomer shift indicating that C-60 acts as an electron pair donor to the metal center. The average effective hyperfine field for the second site is characteristic of an Fe(III) high-spin (S = 5/2) state and exhibits relaxation effects, This Fe(III) sextet splits into two subspectra, on the application of a magnetic field, which can be assigned to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of gamma-Fe2O3 microparticles formed on the grain surface.
C1 UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON BN1 9QJ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND.
UNIV SUSSEX, AFRC, INST PLANT SCI RES, NITROGEN FIXAT LAB, BRIGHTON BN1 9RQ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND.
NIST, DIV REACTOR, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP CHRISTIDES, C (reprint author), NATL CTR SCI RES DEMOKRITOS, INST MAT SCI, GR-15310 ATHENS, GREECE.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 45
BP 11666
EP 11668
DI 10.1021/j100096a007
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PQ944
UT WOS:A1994PQ94400007
ER
PT J
AU WONGNG, W
ROTH, RS
AF WONGNG, W
ROTH, RS
TI SINGLE-CRYSTAL STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF BAO2
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM
AB This paper reports the first structural study of BaO2 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals grown from the melt of Ba (NO3)(2) in an Ag tube often show twin boundaries. Twinning can also be induced by further pressing of the crystal surface with a needle. BaO2 is tetragonal I4/mmm, with a = 3.8114(6) (or F4/mmm, with a = 5.3901(6)) and c = 6.8215(11)Angstrom. The structure of BaO2 is sodium chloride-like with the peroxide groups aligned alo ng the c-axis. Each Ba is coordinated to a total of 10 oxygens with eight of the Ba...O distances being 2.797(1)Angstrom and the other two 2.664(2)Angstrom. The O-O length in the peroxide unit is found to be 1.493(2)Angstrom, which follows the trend of bond lengths versus bond order in a series of homoatomic oxygen molecules and ions. The crystal appears to be stoichiometric in oxygen.
RP WONGNG, W (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD NOV 10
PY 1994
VL 233
IS 1-2
BP 97
EP 101
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)00562-1
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PT214
UT WOS:A1994PT21400013
ER
PT J
AU KULKARNI, S
KRAUSE, S
WIGNALL, GD
HAMMOUDA, B
AF KULKARNI, S
KRAUSE, S
WIGNALL, GD
HAMMOUDA, B
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE PORE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF CELLULOSE-ACETATE
MEMBRANES USING SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING .1. CELLULOSE-ACETATE
ACTIVE LAYER MEMBRANES
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE INVERSION
AB The structure of ultrathin cellulose acetate membranes, known as active layer membranes, has been investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. These membranes are known to have structural and functional similarity to the surface or ''skin'' layer in commercial reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes and hence are useful model systems for understanding the structure of the RO membrane skin layer. Active layer membranes were studied after swelling them with either D2O or CD3OD. The results in both cases clearly indicated the presence of very small (10-20 Angstrom) porous structures in the membrane. The presence of such pores has been a subject of long-standing controversy in this area. The data was analyzed using a modified Debye-Bueche analysis and the resultant membrane structure was seen to agree well with structural information from electron microscopic studies. Finally, a possible explanation for the differences in scattering observed between the D2O swollen membranes and the CD3OD swollen membranes has been presented.
C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,POLYMER SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,TROY,NY 12180.
RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM,TROY,NY 12180.
OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
NIST,CTR HIGH RESOLUT NEUTRON SCATTERING,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 7
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 23
BP 6777
EP 6784
DI 10.1021/ma00101a016
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PQ783
UT WOS:A1994PQ78300016
ER
PT J
AU VANZANTEN, JH
AF VANZANTEN, JH
TI TERMINALLY ANCHORED CHAIN INTERPHASES - THEIR CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ADSORBED BLOCK COPOLYMERS; GRAFTED POLYMER BRUSH; BILAYER-MEMBRANES;
MONOLAYERS; MICELLES; SOLUTE; THERMODYNAMICS; ORGANIZATION; SOLVENTS;
SURFACES
AB A previously developed Flory-type mean-field analysis of the mixing of a multicomponent, polydisperse solvent with an interphase of terminally anchored chains of finite extensibility is utilized in the determination of the chromatographic properties of the interphase. In the limit of dilute solute species this approach leads to simple, analytical expressions which describe the partitioning and retention of solute molecules in the interphase. These interphases could be surface-grafted polymer layers or block polymers at interfaces. The partitioning and retention of solute molecules in the interphase depend on the chain configurations, the entropy of mixing, and the contact interaction among the species present. The theory allows for the calculation of average or global properties such as the polymer, solvent, and solute volume fractions in the interphase, the interphase thickness, and solute partition coefficients and retention factors. The partitioning and retention of the solute molecules are found to depend explicitly on the surface density of the terminally anchored chains, solvent strength, terminally anchored chain length, solute size, and the various interactions among the species present. Size exclusion and enhancement, affinity, and gradient chromatography are considered.
RP VANZANTEN, JH (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 7
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 23
BP 6797
EP 6807
DI 10.1021/ma00101a019
PG 11
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PQ783
UT WOS:A1994PQ78300019
ER
PT J
AU KIM, KD
SPERLING, LH
KLEIN, A
HAMMOUDA, B
AF KIM, KD
SPERLING, LH
KLEIN, A
HAMMOUDA, B
TI REPTATION TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND COSURFACTANT EFFECTS ON THE MOLECULAR
INTERDIFFUSION RATE DURING POLYSTYRENE LATEX FILM FORMATION
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; POLYMER
DIFFUSION; PARTICLE COALESCENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; WEIGHT; INTERFACES;
CHAIN; SANS; DEPENDENCE
AB The interdiffusion of polymer chains during film formation from direct mini-emulsified deuterated and protonated polystyrenes (DPS = mol wt 150 000 and 185 000; HPS = mol wt 150 000 and 200 000) was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and tensile strength measurements. Films containing 6 mol % deuterated particles were annealed at several temperatures above T-g for various periods of time. The average interpenetration depth of deuterated polystyrene chains depended on the one-fourth power of the annealing time up to the reptation time, tau, shifting to the one-half power after the reptation time. The center of mass diffusion coefficients from the SANS data were 2.4 x 10(-16) cm(2)/s for M(2) = 150 000 and 1.5 x 10(-16) cm(2)/s for M(n) = 185 000 at an annealing temperature of 135 degrees C. The diffusion activation energies of the present system were 52 +/- 4 kcal/mol for the temperature range 125 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 155 degrees C. Full tensile strength was achieved at a penetration depth of 90-100 Angstrom, which is comparable to 0.81 times the radius of gyration of the whole polystyrene chain (86 Angstrom for M(n) 150 000) predicted theoretically. Finally, latex samples containing 1.5 wt % cosurfactants showed a faster interdiffusion rate especially at t > tau and a smaller activation energy than the corresponding pure latex sample.
C1 LEHIGH UNIV, CTR POLYMER SCI & ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA.
LEHIGH UNIV, MAT RES CTR, DEPT CHEM ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA.
LEHIGH UNIV, INST EMULS POLYMERS, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA.
LEHIGH UNIV, CTR POLYMER INTERFACES, WHITAKER LAB 5, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA.
NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 47
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 7
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 23
BP 6841
EP 6850
DI 10.1021/ma00101a024
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PQ783
UT WOS:A1994PQ78300024
ER
PT J
AU VIERHELLER, TR
FOSTER, MD
SCHMIDT, A
MATHAUER, K
KNOLL, W
WEGNER, G
SATIJA, S
MAJKRZAK, CF
AF VIERHELLER, TR
FOSTER, MD
SCHMIDT, A
MATHAUER, K
KNOLL, W
WEGNER, G
SATIJA, S
MAJKRZAK, CF
TI STRUCTURE AND THERMAL-STABILITY OF LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-KUHN LAYERS OF
HAIRY-ROD POLYMERS PROBED WITH NEUTRON AND X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDES; LIQUID-MIXTURES; FILMS; L-GLUTAMATE);
MULTILAYERS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE
AB The microstructure and thermal stability of multilayer thin films of rodlike polyglutamate copolymers having flexible aliphatic side chains have been studied with X-ray and neutron reflectometry. The complementary sensitivity of X-rays and neutrons and the use of four different sequences of protonated and deuterated molecules provides an enhanced level of structural discrimination. Within bilayers formed upon deposition, the backbones are located preferentially near the center, with backbones from the two layers overlapping strongly. The side chains of molecules in adjacent layers belonging to different bilayers interdigitate substantially, and interdigitation between layers within a bilayer is seen as well. Upon annealing at 70 or 84 degrees C, the backbone positions within each bilayer relax. However, there is no ascertainable interlayer interdiffusion and the nature of the side chain interdigitation does not change. No evidence is found for the formation, with annealing, of a three-dimensional ordered structure.
C1 UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325.
MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER RES,D-55021 MAINZ 1,GERMANY.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RIKEN,INST PHYS & CHEM RES,FRONTIER RES PROGRAM,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN.
NR 37
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 7
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 23
BP 6893
EP 6902
DI 10.1021/ma00101a030
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PQ783
UT WOS:A1994PQ78300030
ER
PT J
AU POTTER, MJ
GILSON, MK
MCCAMMON, JA
AF POTTER, MJ
GILSON, MK
MCCAMMON, JA
TI MOLECULE PK(A) PREDICTION WITH CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATICS CALCULATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; PROTEINS
C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
RP POTTER, MJ (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA.
NR 17
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD NOV 2
PY 1994
VL 116
IS 22
BP 10298
EP 10299
DI 10.1021/ja00101a059
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PP754
UT WOS:A1994PP75400059
ER
PT J
AU PAGE, SH
MORRISON, JF
CHRISTENSEN, RG
CHOQUETTE, SJ
AF PAGE, SH
MORRISON, JF
CHRISTENSEN, RG
CHOQUETTE, SJ
TI INSTRUMENT FOR EVALUATING PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF MIXTURES FOR
SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXPERIMENTS
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANOL; HIGH-PRESSURES;
BINARY-MIXTURES; N-HEXANE; SYSTEMS; GAS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUBILITIES;
TOLUENE
AB Fluid phase behavior has a profound impact on supercritical fluid chromatography performance. The effect of fluid phase behavior on supercritical fluid extraction performance has not been studied. Generally, methods available to generate phase diagrams of fluid mixtures are time-consuming. This paper describes relatively easily constructed instrumentation for the rapid screening of fluid mixtures to determine whether or not they are single phase. Either scattered or transmitted light can be used to probe the phase behavior of the fluids. Examples using CO2/methanol and CO2/water are presented. The phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures of CO2 or Freon (R22, chlorodifluoromethane) with methanol/triethylamine/water was determined.
RP PAGE, SH (reprint author), NIST,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 21
BP 3553
EP 3557
DI 10.1021/ac00093a003
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PP235
UT WOS:A1994PP23500005
ER
PT J
AU CAREY, CM
RIGGAN, WB
AF CAREY, CM
RIGGAN, WB
TI CYCLIC POLYAMINE IONOPHORE FOR USE IN A DIBASIC PHOSPHATE-SELECTIVE
ELECTRODE
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEMBRANE ELECTRODES; COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; LIQUID
MEMBRANE
AB A cyclic polyamine, 3-decyl-1,5,8-triazacyclodecane-2,4-dione (N-3-cyclic amine), was used as the ionophore for a dibasic phosphate-selective electrode. This electrode exhibited a linear response between 1.0 mu mol/L and 0.1 mol/L dibasic phosphate activity with a near-Nernstian slope of similar to-29 mV per activity decade. The electrode selectivity for dibasic phosphate over other commonly occurring anions was evaluated. A mechanism for the selectivity of the electrode toward HOP42- ions is postulated to be a function of the size and charge of the N-3-cyclic amine ionophore relative to the size and charge of HPO42- ions. The electrode's superior selectivity and sensitivity make possible the direct measurement of phosphate activity in a wide variety of applications.
RP CAREY, CM (reprint author), NIST,PAFTENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE10851]
NR 22
TC 78
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 21
BP 3587
EP 3591
DI 10.1021/ac00093a009
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PP235
UT WOS:A1994PP23500011
PM 7802252
ER
PT J
AU FAIRGRIEVE, WT
MYERS, MS
HARDY, RW
DONG, FM
AF FAIRGRIEVE, WT
MYERS, MS
HARDY, RW
DONG, FM
TI GASTRIC ABNORMALITIES IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) FED
AMINE-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS OR CHICKEN GIZZARD-EROSION-POSITIVE FISH-MEAL
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE FISH MEAL; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; FEEDING AND NUTRITION - FISH,
PATHOGENIC; PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS; GIZZEROSINE; GASTRIC
ABNORMALITIES; GIZZARD EROSION
ID ACID SECRETION; BROILER CHICKS; HISTAMINE; GIZZEROSINE; SUBSTANCE;
INDUCER; GROWTH
AB Fish meals produced from fish containing high levels of histamine can be acutely toxic to chickens, causing gizzard erosion (GE), black vomit disease, and death after 3-5 days of feeding. Fish meals are sometimes selected for aquaculture use on the basis of chicken toxicity testing, although little scientific evidence exists to support this practice. Ln this study, growth, feed intake, and development of gastric abnormalities were assessed in juvenile rainbow trout fed diets containing fish meal acutely toxic to chickens, or fed casein or fish meal diets supplemented with histamine and two suspected potentiators of histamine toxicity, putrescine and cadaverine, and abusively heated. No signs of acute toxicity or mortality occurred in the groups of fish during the course of the 16-week study. Fish fed diets containing GE-positive fish meal had distended stomachs, but no gastric lesions or cellular abnormalities. Similar effects were obtained by feeding diets containing casein or GE-negative fish meal supplemented with histamine (2000 mg/kg dry diet). The addition of putrescine and cadaverine (500 mg/kg dry diet each) to the histamine-supplemented diets had no further effect. Feed consumption, feed efficiency, and growth were similar among dietary treatments, indicating that stomach distention did not reduce feed intake or impair gastric function. This study showed that rainbow trout are less sensitive than chickens to GE-positive fish meal and that there is no correlation between positive GE score and the nutritional value of the fish meal for rainbow trout. This study also showed that stomach distention resulting from feeding diets containing GE-positive fish meal could be duplicated by feeding diets supplemented with 2000 mg histamine/kg diet.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,INST FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98105.
NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
NR 24
TC 39
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 127
IS 2-3
BP 219
EP 232
DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90428-6
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA PQ810
UT WOS:A1994PQ81000012
ER
PT J
AU PARUNGO, F
NAGAMOTO, C
ZHOU, MY
HANSEN, ADA
HARRIS, J
AF PARUNGO, F
NAGAMOTO, C
ZHOU, MY
HANSEN, ADA
HARRIS, J
TI AEOLIAN TRANSPORT OF AEROSOL BLACK CARBON FROM CHINA TO THE OCEAN
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AEROSOL BLACK CARBON; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION
ID METEOROLOGICAL DATA; SOUTH-POLE; PARTICLES; UNCERTAINTY; RESOLUTION;
KUWAIT
AB To investigate long-range transport of aerosol black carbon (BC) from China to the downwind seas and ocean, BC concentrations were measured in Beijing city, at a rural station near Beijing city, and at a rural station near Shanghai, for information about source strengths. Aerosol samples were also collected on board research ships in four cruises over the East China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean to determine BC distribution. The data were used to verify a simple one-dimensional transport model. In the marine boundary layer with prevailing westerlies of 5 m s-1, the BC total deposition rate, including both dry deposition and wet deposition, was computed as - 1 x 10(-5) s-1, and the half-life was estimated to be 19 h. The residence time was approximately 5 d, concentrations subsequently diminishing to the background level. Longer lifetime and farther transport would be probable in the free troposphere. Because BC particles have great surface areas and are very absorbent of electromagnetic waves, their concentration and distribution in the atmosphere may have profound effects on radiation budgets and climate change.
C1 NATL RES CTR MARINE ENVIRONM FORECASTS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP PARUNGO, F (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 19
TC 68
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 20
BP 3251
EP 3260
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00164-G
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PW172
UT WOS:A1994PW17200006
ER
PT J
AU RAY, AK
BANERJEE, S
FULLER, ER
DAS, SK
DAS, G
AF RAY, AK
BANERJEE, S
FULLER, ER
DAS, SK
DAS, G
TI FRACTOGRAPHY AS WELL AS FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF 25-WT-PERCENT
SILICON-CARBIDE WHISKER-REINFORCED ALUMINA CERAMIC COMPOSITE
SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ALUMINA; SILICON CARBIDE; WHISKERS; FATIGUE; TRANSGRANULAR;
INTERGRANULAR; FRACTURE STRENGTH
ID BEHAVIOR; CRACK
AB Fatigue cracked and fast fractured regions in four-point bend specimens prepared from 25 wt% silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina composite were examined by scanning electron microscopy. This composite was found to be susceptible to a fatigue crack growth phenomenon similar to that in the case of metallic materials, but with a higher crack growth exponent. In the fatigue region, the alumina matrix failed mainly in a transgranular mode and the whiskers mainly failed with a flat fracture surface but without their pullout. On the other hand, in the fast fracture region, the whiskers failed predominantly by pullout and the alumina matrix failed in a mixed mode with about half in transgranular and the other half in intergranular mode. Thus, to improve the fracture toughness of the material, the grain boundary strength of alumina and the matrix whisker interfacial bonding should be improved. To increase the resistance to fatigue, the fracture strength of the alumina grains should be improved by using finer alpha-alumina particles and the fatigue strength of the whisker have to be increased by improving the uniformity in distribution of beta-SiC whiskers during hot pressing.
C1 NATL MET LAB,DIV MTC,JAMSHEDPUR 831007,BIHAR,INDIA.
SAIL,CTR RES & DEV,RANCHI 834002,BIHAR,INDIA.
NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP RAY, AK (reprint author), NATL MET LAB,DIV MTE,JAMSHEDPUR 831007,BIHAR,INDIA.
RI Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0250-4707
J9 B MATER SCI
JI Bull. Mat. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 6
BP 893
EP 910
DI 10.1007/BF02757567
PG 18
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA QD474
UT WOS:A1994QD47400029
ER
PT J
AU PRADIP
PREMACHANDRAN, RS
MALGHAN, SG
AF PRADIP
PREMACHANDRAN, RS
MALGHAN, SG
TI ELECTROKINETIC BEHAVIOR AND DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS OF CERAMIC
POWDERS WITH CATIONIC AND ANIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES
SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ELECTROKINETICS; DISPERSION; ALUMINA; ZIRCONIA; SILICON NITRIDE;
POLYELECTROLYTES; ELECTROACOUSTOPHORESIS; DARVAN-C; BETZ 1190
ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALUMINA; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE
AB Three different ceramic powders, viz. alumina, zirconia and silicon nitride were dispersed using two polyelectrolytes, one cationic (Betz 1190) and the other anionic (Darvan-C). All powders examined during the study could be well dispersed only under conditions of polymer dosage and pH such that the working pH is at least 2 pH units away from the pH(IEP) of the powder-dispersant combination. The shift in the isoelectric point (IEP) of the powders were determined through electro-acoustic measurements on 1% volume suspensions. Specific free energy of interaction were also computed using a model based on the electrical double layer theory of surfactant absorption.
C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP PRADIP (reprint author), TATA RES DEV & DESIGN CTR,1 MANGALDAS RD,POONA 411001,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0250-4707
J9 B MATER SCI
JI Bull. Mat. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 6
BP 911
EP 920
DI 10.1007/BF02757568
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA QD474
UT WOS:A1994QD47400030
ER
PT J
AU BREAKER, LC
KRASNOPOLSKY, VM
RAO, DB
YAN, XH
AF BREAKER, LC
KRASNOPOLSKY, VM
RAO, DB
YAN, XH
TI THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTIMATING OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS ON AN OPERATIONAL
BASIS USING SATELLITE FEATURE TRACKING METHODS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB The feasibility of using a relatively new technique, often referred to as satellite feature tracking, for estimating ocean surface currents is described. sequential satellite imagery is used to determine the displacements of selected ocean features over the time intervals between successive images. Both thermal infrared (IR) imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and ocean color imagery have been used to conduct feature tracking. Both subjective and objective techniques related to feature tracking exist to estimate surface flow fields. Because of the requirement for accurate earth location and coregistration of the imagery used in feature tracking, the technique has been primarily restricted to coastal regions where landmarks are available to renavigate the satellite data. The technique is identical in concept to the approach that has been used in meteorology for the past 25 years to estimate low-level winds from geostationary satellite data.
Initially, a description of the feature tracking technique is given, followed by the history of satellite feature tracking in oceanography. Next, the limitations associated with this technique are discussed. Also, only a few validation studies have been conducted to Verify the results of satellite feature tracking. These studies are summarized together with some new results. Although this technique produces surface flow patterns that generally agree with the expected patterns of flow, discrepancies in speed and direction are often found when detailed comparisons with in situ observations are made. With respect to current speeds in particular, serious underestimates have occasionally been observed. A case study is given illustrating the technique for the slope water region off the U.S. East Coast. Finally, an example of a surface current analysis that is being produced experimentally for one region off the East Coast is presented.
In spite of certain limitations, this technique offers the potential for acquiring synoptic-scale coverage of the surf ace circulation in coastal areas on a quasi-continuous basis. Such information will be vital in supporting hydrodynamic circulation models that are currently being developed for U.S. coastal waters.
C1 GEN SCI CORP,LAUREL,MD.
UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE.
RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 0
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 11
BP 2085
EP 2095
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2085:TFOEOS>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT572
UT WOS:A1994PT57200001
ER
PT J
AU BARNSTON, AG
VANDENDOOL, HM
ZEBIAK, SE
BARNETT, TP
JI, M
RODENHUIS, DR
CANE, MA
LEETMAA, A
GRAHAM, NE
ROPELEWSKI, CR
KOUSKY, VE
OLENIC, EA
LIVEZEY, RE
AF BARNSTON, AG
VANDENDOOL, HM
ZEBIAK, SE
BARNETT, TP
JI, M
RODENHUIS, DR
CANE, MA
LEETMAA, A
GRAHAM, NE
ROPELEWSKI, CR
KOUSKY, VE
OLENIC, EA
LIVEZEY, RE
TI LONG-LEAD SEASONAL FORECASTS - WHERE DO WE STAND
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; TROPICAL
PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; STATISTICAL-MODELS; AIR TEMPERATURES; PREDICTION
AB The National Weather Service intends to begin routinely issuing long-lead forecasts of 3-month mean U. S. temperature and precipitation by the beginning of 1995. The ability to produce useful forecasts for certain seasons and regions at projection times of up to 1 yr is attributed to advances in data observing and processing, computer capability, and physical understanding-particularly, for tropical ocean-atmosphere phenomena. Because much of the skill of the forecasts comes from anomalies of tropical SST related to ENSO, we highlight here long-lead forecasts of the tropical Pacific SST itself, which have higher skill than the U.S forecasts that are made largely on their basis.
The performance of five ENSO prediction systems is examined: Two are dynamical [the Cane-Zebiak simple coupled model of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the nonsimple coupled model of the National Centersfor Environmental Prediction (NCEP)]; one is a hybrid coup red mode I (the Scripps Institution for Oceanography-Max Planck Institute for Meteorology system with a full ocean general circulation model and a statistical atmosphere); and two are statistical (canonical correlation analysis and constructed analogs, used at the Climate Prediction Center of NCEP). With increasing physical understanding, dynamically based forecasts have the potential to became more skillful than purely statistical ones. Currently, however, the two approaches deliver roughly equally skillful forecasts, and the simplest model performs about as well as the more comprehensive models. At a lead time of 6 months (defined here as the time between the end of the latest observed period and the beginning of the predictand period), the SST forecasts have an overall correlation skill in the 0.60s for 1982-93, which easily outperforms persistence and is regarded as useful. skill for extratropical surface climate is this high only in limited regions for certain seasons. Both types of forecasts are not much better than local higher-order autoregressive controls. However, continual progress is being made in understanding relations among global oceanic and atmospheric climate-scale anomaly fields.
It is important that more real-time forecasts be made before we rush to judgement. Performance in the real-time setting is the ultimate test of the utility of a long-lead forecast. The National Weather Service's plan to implement new operational long-lead seasonal forecast products demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying and transferring ''cutting edge'' technologies from theory to applications. This could not have been accomplished without close ties with, and the active cooperation of, the academic and research communities.
C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,NEW YORK,NY 10027.
UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093.
RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NSW,NCEP,CTR CLIMATE PREDICT,WNP51,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,ROOM 604,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA.
RI Cane, Mark/I-8086-2012
NR 71
TC 180
Z9 182
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 11
BP 2097
EP 2114
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2097:LLSFDW>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT572
UT WOS:A1994PT57200002
ER
PT J
AU GRUBER, A
ELLINGSON, R
ARDANUY, P
WEISS, M
YANG, SK
OH, SN
AF GRUBER, A
ELLINGSON, R
ARDANUY, P
WEISS, M
YANG, SK
OH, SN
TI A COMPARISON OF ERBE AND AVHRR LONGWAVE FLUX ESTIMATES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; TERM CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC
WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; EARTH; TELECONNECTIONS
AB Comparisons have been made between estimates of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere derived from narrowband Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and broadband Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning instruments. Four months of measurements are considered: April, July, and October 1985 and January 1986. instantaneous comparisons (i.e., collocated in space and time) are considered. In the former, regional, zonal, and global analyses are performed using collocated and coincident OLR estimates on a 2.5 degrees latitude-longitude scale.
In general, the two datasets are found to be in reasonably good agreement, with the mean state and fundamental variability in time and space captured by the two sets of measurements. However, systematic biases are observed between the two datasets, particularly over the subtropical oceans, the daytime deserts, and over snow-covered surfaces at the high latitudes. The monthly global bias between the two datasets (ERBE minus AVHRR) is between-1 and 2 W m(-2) during daytime, and between 4 and 7 W m(-2) during nighttime, while the rms differences range between 12 (June) and 15 (January) W m(-2).
Radiative transfer simulations show that these systematic errors may be attributed to imitations in the single-channel narrowband to broadband algorithm. Even though the results may be globally unbiased, regional biases result where particularly persistent conditions (e.g., trade wind inversion, subsidence over deserts) prevail.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD.
KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,SYST ENGN RES INST,TAEJON 305701,SOUTH KOREA.
RP GRUBER, A (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,OFF RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 11
BP 2115
EP 2130
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<2115:ACOEAA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT572
UT WOS:A1994PT57200003
ER
PT J
AU LIGHTHILL, J
HOLLAND, G
GRAY, W
LANDSEA, C
CRAIG, G
EVANS, J
KURIHARA, Y
GUARD, C
AF LIGHTHILL, J
HOLLAND, G
GRAY, W
LANDSEA, C
CRAIG, G
EVANS, J
KURIHARA, Y
GUARD, C
TI GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE AND TROPICAL CYCLONES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID EL-NINO; HURRICANES; SENSITIVITY; INTENSITY; MONSOON; MODELS; STATE
AB This paper offers an overview of the authors' studies during a specialized international symposium (Mexico, 22 November-1 December 1993) where they aimed at making an objective assessment of whether climate changes, consequent on an expected doubling of atmospheric CO2 in the next six or seven decades, are likely to increase significantly the frequency or intensity of tropical cyclones (TC). Out of three methodologies available for addressing the question they employ two, discarding the third for reasons set out in the appendix.
In the first methodology, the authors enumerate reasons why, in tropical oceans, the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) suggested by climate change models might be expected to affect either (i) TC frequency, because a well-established set of six conditions for TC formation include a condition that SST should exceed 26 degrees C, or (ii) TC intensity, because this is indicated by thermodynamic analysis to depend critically on the temperature at which energy transfer to air near the sea surface takes place.
But careful study of both suggestions indicates that the expected effects of increased SST would be largely self-limiting (i) because the other five conditions strictly control how far the band of latitudes for TC formation can be further widened, and (ii) because intense winds at the sea surface may receive their energy input at a temperature significantly depressed by evaporation of spray, and possibly through sea surface cooling.
In the second methodology, the authors study available historical records that have very large year-to-year variability in TC statistics. They find practically no consistent statistical relationships with temperature anomalies; also, a thorough analysis of how the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle influences the frequency acid distribution of TCs shows any direct effects of local SST changes to be negligible.
The authors conclude that, even though the possibility of some minor indirect effects of global warming on TC frequency and intensity cannot be excluded, they must effectively be ''swamped'' by large natural variability.
C1 BUR METEOROL RES CTR,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA.
COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
UNIV READING,DEPT METEOROL,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND.
PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PARK,PA.
PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
UNIV GUAM,GRAD SCH,MANGILAO,GU.
UNIV GUAM,RES DEPT,MANGILAO,GU.
RP LIGHTHILL, J (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT MATH,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND.
RI Craig, George/D-2577-2015
OI Craig, George/0000-0002-7431-8164
NR 28
TC 94
Z9 102
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 11
BP 2147
EP 2157
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT572
UT WOS:A1994PT57200005
ER
PT J
AU MOGIL, HM
EUSTIS, A
AF MOGIL, HM
EUSTIS, A
TI SUMMARY OF THE AMS WEATHER BROADCASTERS CONFERENCE, CHARLESTON,
SOUTH-CAROLINA, 29-JUNE-1993 1-JULY-1993
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP MOGIL, HM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 11
BP 2165
EP 2169
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PT572
UT WOS:A1994PT57200007
ER
PT J
AU JOHENGEN, TH
JOHANNSSON, OE
PERNIE, GL
MILLARD, ES
AF JOHENGEN, TH
JOHANNSSON, OE
PERNIE, GL
MILLARD, ES
TI TEMPORAL AND SEASONAL TRENDS IN NUTRIENT DYNAMICS AND BIOMASS MEASURES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND ONTARIO IN RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS CONTROL
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-LAKES; SILICA DEPLETION; QUALITY; PHYTOPLANKTON
AB Results from long-term ecological monitoring studies on Lake Michigan (1983-92) and Lake Ontario (1981-92) were compared with regard to changes in phosphorus loads. In Lake Ontario, total phosphorus (TP) loads decreased from 14 000 t . yr(-1) in 1970 to 7500 t . yr(-1) in 1981, and correspondingly, midlake TP concentration decreased from 25 to 16 mu g . L(-1). From 1981 to 1991 TP loads remained around 7500 t . yr(-1); however, TP concentration continued to decline from 16 to 10 mu g . L(-1). Similarly, mean summer particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (CHLa), and nitrate utilization rate decreased by approximately 40, 20, and 50%, respectively. Conversely, si[ica utilization rates increased markedly after 1983. In Lake Michigan, TP loads also decreased by around 50% from 1974 to 1990 (2000 t . yr(-1)); however, TP concentrations at our 100-m station in the southern basin increased during the study period from around 4 to 8 mu g . L(-1). There were no distinct trends in CHLa or nutrient utilization patterns; however, POC levels decreased sharply after 1987. Overall, silica utilization rates in Lake Michigan were 50% higher than in Lake Ontario (14.7 vs. 9.6 mu g . L(-1). d(-1)), whereas nitrate utilization rates were only half (1.4 vs. 4.1 mu g . L(-1). d(-1)).
C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,GREAT LAKES LAB FISHERIES & AQUAT SCI,BURLINGTON,ON L7R 4A6,CANADA.
NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP JOHENGEN, TH (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA.
NR 23
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 11
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 11
BP 2570
EP 2578
DI 10.1139/f94-257
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QY717
UT WOS:A1994QY71700019
ER
PT J
AU XU, LH
LEES, RM
EVENSON, KM
CHOU, CC
SHY, JT
VASCONCELLOS, ECC
AF XU, LH
LEES, RM
EVENSON, KM
CHOU, CC
SHY, JT
VASCONCELLOS, ECC
TI SPECTROSCOPY OF NEW CH3OH FIR LASER LINES PUMPED BY NEW CO2-LASER LINES
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; GASEOUS METHYL-ALCOHOL; SPECTRUM; CM-1;
ASSIGNMENT; TRANSITIONS; REGION; CD3OH
AB The number of CO2 laser lines available for optical pumping of far-infrared (FIR) lasers has been significantly increased by the development of a new continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser at the Time and Frequency Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado. This system operates on very high-J lines of the normal bands as well as on sequence and new hot-band lines, and has generated numerous new FIR laser transitions in CH3OH. These include the new 123 mu m world-record holder, pumped by the 9HP(20) hot-band CO2 line, which is now the most efficient known FIR laser line. Assignments are given for a number of the IR pump-FIR laser energy level and transition systems, based on our high-resolution Fourier transform studies of the FIR and IR spectra of CH3OH. Features of the transition system for the 123 mu m line and wave numbers for several further potential FIR laser lines are presented.
C1 UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,CTR EXCELLENCE MOLEC & INTERFACIAL DYNAM,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5A3,CANADA.
UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,DEPT PHYS,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5A3,CANADA.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NATL TSING HUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HSINCHU 30043,TAIWAN.
UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS,INST FIS,DEPT ELETR QUANT,BR-13081 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL.
RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 72
IS 11-12
BP 1155
EP 1164
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA RF799
UT WOS:A1994RF79900054
ER
PT J
AU LEOPOLD, KR
FRASER, GT
NOVICK, SE
KLEMPERER, W
AF LEOPOLD, KR
FRASER, GT
NOVICK, SE
KLEMPERER, W
TI CURRENT THEMES IN MICROWAVE AND INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF WEAKLY-BOUND
COMPLEXES
SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE DIMER; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; ROTATION-TUNNELING
SPECTRUM; RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY;
DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; INTERACTIONS PREDICT STRUCTURES;
HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SIMPLE QUANTITATIVE MODEL; GROUND
VIBRATIONAL-STATE; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT
C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459.
HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
RP LEOPOLD, KR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA.
NR 370
TC 148
Z9 148
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0009-2665
J9 CHEM REV
JI Chem. Rev.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 94
IS 7
BP 1807
EP 1827
DI 10.1021/cr00031a004
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PT131
UT WOS:A1994PT13100005
ER
PT J
AU HAMINS, A
TREES, D
SESHADRI, K
CHELLIAH, HK
AF HAMINS, A
TREES, D
SESHADRI, K
CHELLIAH, HK
TI EXTINCTION OF NONPREMIXED FLAMES WITH HALOGENATED FIRE SUPPRESSANTS
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th International Symposium on Combustion
CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994
CL IRVINE, CA
ID DIFFUSION FLAMES
AB An experimental, analytical, and numerical study was performed to elucidate the influence of eleven gaseous agents, considered to be substitutes for CF,Br, on the structure and critical conditions of extinction of diffusion flames burning liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The effectiveness of these agents in quenching flames was compared to those of CF,Br and an inert diluent such as nitrogen. Experiments were performed on diffusion flames stabilized in the counterflowing as well as in the coflowing configuration. The fuels tested were heptane in the counterflowing configuration, and heptane, the jet fuels JP-8, and JP-5, and hydraulic fluids (military specifications 5606 and 83282) in the coflowing configuration. The oxidizing gas was a mixture of air and the agent. On a mass and mole basis CF,Br was found to be most effective in quenching the flames and the mass-based effectiveness of the other eleven agents was found to be nearly the same as that of nitrogen. Experimental results were interpreted using one-step, activation-energy asymptotic theories and the results were used to provide a rough indication of the thermal and chemical influence of these agents on the flame structure. To understand in some detail the influence of CF,Br on the structure and mechanisms of extinction of the flame, numerical calculations using detailed chemistry were performed. The calculated structure of counterflow heptane-air diffusion flames inhibited with CF3Br was found to consist of three distinct zones including a CF3Br consumption zone which appears to act as a sink for radicals. The calculated values of the critical conditions of extinction of counterflow heptane-air diffusion flames inhibited with CF3Br were found to agree fairly well with measurements. The study suggests the need for refinement of the inhibition chemistry.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI,CTR ENERGY & COMBUST RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093.
NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MECH AEROSP & NUCL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903.
NR 17
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 2
BP 221
EP 230
DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90125-2
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PR020
UT WOS:A1994PR02000005
ER
PT J
AU MOUNTAIN, DG
MANNING, JP
AF MOUNTAIN, DG
MANNING, JP
TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE
WATERS OF THE GULF OF MAINE
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; WESTERN GULF; CIRCULATION; FLOW; SHELF
AB The MARMAP hydrographic data set (1977-1987) is used to determine the mean annual cycle of temperature, salinity, and density structure of surface waters throughout the Gulf of Maine. The temperatures follow the expected seasonal warming and cooling pattern. In the eastern Gulf the salinity cycle is dominated by influx of low salinity Scotian Shelf water which enters near Cape Sable in the winter, and in the western Gulf by the local spring runoff. Phasing of temperature and salinity cycles in different parts of the Gulf results in the western Gulf of Maine being more strongly stratified in the summer and more vertically uniform in the winter than is the eastern Gulf.
The interannual variability, derived by subtracting the annual cycles from the original data, reveals relatively little temperature variability (1-2 degrees C) during the period 1977-1987, compared to observed changes of 4-6 degrees C in previous decades. Large interannual changes in salinity (0.5 psu), however, are evident in the data. The salinity variability is shown to be due primarily to changes in local fresh water sources-precipitation and runoff. Comparison of salinity changes in the Gulf of Maine with data from Georges Bank and the Middle Atlantic Bight shows that the salinity variability is coherent over the northeast continental shelf region from the western Gulf (Wilkinson Basin) to Cape Hatteras.
RP MOUNTAIN, DG (reprint author), NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 20
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 13-14
BP 1555
EP 1581
DI 10.1016/0278-4343(94)90090-6
PG 27
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PG080
UT WOS:A1994PG08000008
ER
PT J
AU WADA, H
WALTERS, CR
GOODRICH, LF
TACHIKAWA, K
AF WADA, H
WALTERS, CR
GOODRICH, LF
TACHIKAWA, K
TI VAMAS INTERCOMPARISON OF CRITICAL-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS ON NB3SN
SUPERCONDUCTORS - A SUMMARY REPORT
SO CRYOGENICS
LA English
DT Article
DE NB3SN; CRITICAL CURRENT MEASUREMENT METHODS; INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON;
STANDARDIZATION
ID STRAIN; WIRES
AB This paper is a summary of an international collaboration endorsed by VAMAS to study problems associated with critical current measurements in Nb3Sn superconductors and provide guidelines for a standard measurement. Two series of critical current measurements were implemented. In the first series, three different sample conductors were used and participants made measurements using their own techniques. As a result, coefficients of variation for these samples at 12 T turned out to be 8-29.9%. A major source of these variations was attributed to strain sensitivity of the Nb3Sn conductors. Thus, the second series of measurements were done on one sample conductor and under specified measurement conditions, particularly in terms of specimen strain. The coefficient of variation decreased to 2.2%, which is regarded as a reasonable base for future establishment of an international standard measurement method.
C1 RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
TOKAI UNIV,HIRATSUKA,KANAGAWA 25912,JAPAN.
RP WADA, H (reprint author), NATL RES INST MET,1-2-1 SENGEN,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN.
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0011-2275
J9 CRYOGENICS
JI Cryogenics
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 34
IS 11
BP 899
EP 908
DI 10.1016/0011-2275(94)90076-0
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Physics
GA PQ119
UT WOS:A1994PQ11900001
ER
PT J
AU BAKER, ET
FEELY, RA
MOTTL, MJ
SANSONE, FT
WHEAT, CG
RESING, JA
LUPTON, JE
AF BAKER, ET
FEELY, RA
MOTTL, MJ
SANSONE, FT
WHEAT, CG
RESING, JA
LUPTON, JE
TI HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES ALONG THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, 8-DEGREES-40' TO
11-DEGREES-50'N - PLUME DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE APPARENT
MAGMATIC BUDGET
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS; GEOTHERMAL
FIELDS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; JUAN; CREST; AXIS; 21-DEGREES-N; CHEMISTRY
AB The interactions between hydrothermal circulation and large-scale geological and geophysical characteristics of the mid-ocean ridge cannot be ascertained without large-scale views of the pattern of hydrothermal venting. Such multi-ridge-segment surveys of venting are accomplished most efficiently by mapping the distribution and intensity of hydrothermal plumes. In November 1991, we mapped hydrothermal temperature (DELTAtheta) and light attenuation (DELTAc) anomalies above the East Pacific Rise (EPR) continuously from 8-degrees-40' to 11-degrees-50'N, a fast spreading ridge crest portion bisected by the Clipperton Transform Fault. Plume distributions show a precise correlation with the distribution of active vents where video coverage of the axial caldera is exhaustive (90-degrees-09'-54'N). Elsewhere in the study area the sketchy knowledge of vent locations gleaned from scattered camera tows predicts only poorly the large-scale hydrothermal pattern revealed by our plume studies. Plumes were most intense between 9-degrees-42' and 9-degrees-54 N', directly over a March/April, 1991, seafloor eruption. These plumes had exceptionally high DELTAc/DELTAtheta ratios compared to the rest of the study area; we suggest that the phase-separated gas-rich vent fluids discharging here fertilize an abundant population of bacteria.
Hydrothermal plume distributions define three categories: intense and continous (8-degrees-48'-8-degrees-58'N, 9-degrees-29'-10-degrees-01'N and 11-degrees-05'-11-degrees-27'N), weak and discontinuous (8-degrees-58'-9-degrees-29'N) and negligible. The location of each category is virtually congruent with areas that are, respectively, magmatically robust, magmatically weak and magmatically starved, as inferred from previous measurements of axial bathymetric undulations, cross-axis inflation and magma chamber depth and continuity. This congruency implies a fine-scale spatial and temporal connection between magmatic fluctuations and hydrothermal venting. We thus speculate that, at least along this fast spreading section of the EPR, cyclic replenishment, eruption and freezing of the thin axial melt lens exerts greater control over hydrothermal venting than the more enduring zones of crystal mush and hot rock. We found intense, and continuous, plumes along 33% of the surveyed ridge crest, an observation implying that any point on the ridge is, on average, hydrothermally active one-third of the time. Combining this result with the 20% plume coverage found along the medium-rate Juan de Fuca Ridge suggests that superfast (approximately 150 mm/yr) spreading ridges should support vigorous venting along approximately 50% of their length, if spreading rate and along-axis plume coverage are linearly related.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
UNIV HAWAII,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822.
RP BAKER, ET (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
RI Sansone, Francis/B-9915-2013
NR 50
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 17
DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90022-1
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PV444
UT WOS:A1994PV44400001
ER
PT J
AU FEELY, RA
GENDRON, JF
BAKER, ET
LEBON, GT
AF FEELY, RA
GENDRON, JF
BAKER, ET
LEBON, GT
TI HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES ALONG THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, 8-DEGREES-40' TO
11-DEGREES-50'N - PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; VENT FIELD; 21-DEGREES-N; OCEAN;
PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEMS; WATER
AB The discovery of a volcanic eruption at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) led us to investigate how the composition of suspended matter in hydrothermal plumes may be used to provide a better understanding of the relative age and vent fluid characteristics of a ridge crest system during surface ship surveys. During the TROUGHS (Tropical Ridge Observations of Underwater Geochemical Hydrothermal Signals) expedition we collected hydrothermal plume particles along a 350 km section, extending from approximately 8-degrees-40'N to 11-degrees-50'N, of the EPR north and south of the Clipperton Transform Fault. Over the segment south of the Clipperton Transform Fault, the S/Fe ratio in the particles ranged from about 0.9 to 10, with the highest values immediately over the new vent field at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site. These enrichments exactly coincide with the elevated He-3/heat and CH4/Mn ratios in the plumes over the same vent field. The S-rich particles are primarily organic and may be related to the 'bacteria blizzard' associated with the eruption. In addition, very high Cu/Fe and Zn/Fe ratios were observed in the hydrothermal plumes south of the Clipperton Transform Fault. These high ratios are indicative of the predominance of high-temperature, H2S-rich vents between 9-degrees-35'N and 9-degrees-50'N. In contrast, the samples from the segment north of Clipperton Transform Fault had S/Fe ratios which ranged from 0.04 to 0.82, typical of mature, Fe-rich hydrothermal plumes. These results suggest that the gas-rich vent fluids at the 9-degrees-45.52'N site produced the sulfur-enriched particles in the water column. Gas-rich plumes and sulfur-enriched plume particles were also observed underneath the 1986 Megaplume on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR), suggesting a similar mode of formation.
North of the Clipperton Transform Fault, the hydrothermal particles are dominated by Fe-rich oxyhydroxide particles, characteristic of mature high-temperature vent fields. The plume maximum is centered at 11-degrees-08'N. The Fe oxyhydroxide particles scavenge Ca, Si, P, V, Cr and As from seawater. For P and V the mean element/Fe ratio in the EPR hydrothermal particles are intermediate between JdFR and TAG hydrothermal systems. For As the mean element/Fe ratios of all three systems are about the same. New evidence for Si scavenging by hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide particles indicates that this sink for dissolved Si in the oceans is small.
RP FEELY, RA (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 37
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 2
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1-2
BP 19
EP 36
DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90023-X
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PV444
UT WOS:A1994PV44400002
ER
PT J
AU LANDRUM, PF
DUPUIS, WS
KUKKONEN, J
AF LANDRUM, PF
DUPUIS, WS
KUKKONEN, J
TI TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PYRENE AND
PHENANTHRENE IN DIPOREIA SPP - EXAMINATION OF EQUILIBRIUM-PARTITIONING
THEORY AND RESIDUE-BASED EFFECTS FOR ASSESSING HAZARD
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE PYRENE; PHENANTHRENE; SEDIMENT; RESIDUE EFFECTS; EQUILIBRIUM
PARTITIONING
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI;
ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; WATER; NAPHTHALENE; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESPIRATION;
XENOBIOTICS; EXPOSURE; OIL
AB The amphipod Diporeia spp. was exposed to pyrene (0.14 to 1.11 mu mol g(-1)) or phenanthrene (0.08 to 0.62 mu mol g(-1))dosed sediments for month-long exposures. Phenanthrene was only slightly toxic with 12 +/- 3% mortality at the highest sediment dose (0.62 mu mol g(-1)). Failure to attain and maintain toxic residue body burdens, based on a nonpolar narcosis concentration of approximately 6 mu mol g(-1) accounts for the low mortality. Phenanthrene toxicokinetic parameters were essentially constant among all doses and consistent with previous measures. Sediment concentration was a poor representation of dose for mortality by pyrene. The relative pyrene distribution among the <63-mu m particles increased in the smallest-sized particles at larger doses. An apparent stimulation of pyrene accumulation was observed as a peak in uptake clearance values between sediment concentrations of 0.16 and 0.26 mu mol g(-1) dry sediment. (Uptake clearance is the amount of source scavenged of contaminant per mass of organism per time.) The pyrene particle-size distribution and the variation in kinetics with dose provide a partial explanation for the poor representation of dose by the sediment concentration. The pyrene body burdens provided a good dose response yielding LD50 values of 6.3 (4.6-41.7, 95% C.I.) and 9.4 (7.9-54.2) mu mol g(-1) for two experiments. These values are consistent with the residue concentrations for 50% mortality by a nonpolar narcosis mechanism. Comparing the experimental and predicted equilibrium partitioning-based sediment concentrations for 50% mortality, the equilibrium prediction overestimates the toxic pyrene sediment concentration by approximately a factor of ten. Diporeia behavior, differential particle-size distribution, and kinetic limitations appear as likely reasons for the variation between calculated and observed concentrations required to produce mortality.
C1 UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND.
RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 38
TC 66
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 13
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 11
BP 1769
EP 1780
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1769:TATOSP]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PM851
UT WOS:A1994PM85100008
ER
PT J
AU BENDER, ML
TANS, PP
ELLIS, JT
ORCHARDO, J
HABFAST, K
AF BENDER, ML
TANS, PP
ELLIS, JT
ORCHARDO, J
HABFAST, K
TI A HIGH-PRECISION ISOTOPE RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR MEASURING
THE O-2 N-2 RATIO OF AIR
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN
AB Studies of the distribution of O-2 in air will inform us about critical problems in the global carbon cycle which are not readily accessed by other measurements, including the rate of seasonal net production in the oceans on a hemispheric scale, the rate at which the oceans are taking up anthropogenic CO2, and the net rate of change of the continental biomass. In this paper, we outline a method for measuring the O-1/N-2 ratio of air to a standard error of +/-6 per meg (+/-0.006 parts per thousand) for a sample analyzed in quadruplicate, corresponding to +/- 1.2 ppmV O-2 in air out of 210,000. The method involves measuring the ratio of O-16(2) to (NN)-N-15-N-14 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Potential and actual problems with this method include fractionation as sample and reference gases are introduced to the mass spectrometer, mass spectrometric nonlinearity, effects of imbalance of sample and reference ion currents on the measured isotopic ratio, isobaric interferences at masses 28 and 29 due to the formation of CO+ from CO2 in the source, and zero enrichments. We discuss the magnitude of errors introduced by these factors and outline the relevant corrections. The ultimate mass spectrometric uncertainty is about +/-2 per meg (+/-0.4 ppmV) for a 1 h instrumental analysis. Overall precision is currently limited by fractionation as sample and reference gases are introduced into the mass spectrometer. A considerable improvement in precision may be possible.
C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80309.
FINNIGAN MAT GMBH,W-2800 BREMEN 14,GERMANY.
RP BENDER, ML (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA.
NR 7
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 2
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 58
IS 21
BP 4751
EP 4758
DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90205-4
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PT017
UT WOS:A1994PT01700017
ER
PT J
AU HANSON, DR
LOVEJOY, ER
AF HANSON, DR
LOVEJOY, ER
TI THE UPTAKE OF N2O5 ONTO SMALL SULFURIC-ACID PARTICLES
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFATE AEROSOLS
AB The probabilities for N2O5 loss onto sulfuric acid aerosol (60-80 wt% H2SO4, 0.1-0.2 um radius, 230-300K) were measured using a laminar flow reactor coupled to a sulfuric acid aerosol source and a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The aerosol morphology was extracted from measurements of the aerosol extinction of ultraviolet light (200-370nm) by using Mie theory. The reaction probabilities, gamma, are large (0.06-0.12) and are comparable to probabilities measured previously under similar conditions on bulk sulfuric acid surfaces and small aerosol. These measurements confirm that the overall reaction of N2O5 with H2O in/on 60-80% sulfuric acid is fast and the uptake is due to loss very close to the liquid surface.
RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,REAL2 325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 15
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 22
BP 2401
EP 2404
DI 10.1029/94GL02288
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PQ432
UT WOS:A1994PQ43200016
ER
PT J
AU MANNEY, GL
ZUREK, RW
GELMAN, ME
MILLER, AJ
NAGATANI, R
AF MANNEY, GL
ZUREK, RW
GELMAN, ME
MILLER, AJ
NAGATANI, R
TI THE ANOMALOUS ARCTIC LOWER STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX OF 1992-1993
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE
AB Potential vorticity (PV) gradients defining the lower stratospheric vortex during the 1992-1993 winter were anomalously strong and persistent compared to those during the last 16 Arctic winters. For almost-equal-to3 months PV gradients were closer to typical Antarctic values than to most Arctic values. Air motion diagnostics computed for 3-dimensional air parcel trajectories confirm that the 1992-1993 Arctic lower stratospheric vortex was substantially more isolated than is typical. Such isolation will delay and reduce the export of the higher ozone typical of the winter lower stratospheric vortex to mid-latitudes. This may have contributed to the record-low total ozone amounts observed in northern mid-latitudes in 1993.
C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP MANNEY, GL (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA.
NR 13
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 22
BP 2405
EP 2408
DI 10.1029/94GL02368
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PQ432
UT WOS:A1994PQ43200017
ER
PT J
AU DLUGOKENCKY, EJ
MASARIE, KA
LANG, PM
TANS, PP
STEELE, LP
NISBET, EG
AF DLUGOKENCKY, EJ
MASARIE, KA
LANG, PM
TANS, PP
STEELE, LP
NISBET, EG
TI A DRAMATIC DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATE OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE IN THE
NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE DURING 1992 - REPLY
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Note
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV LONDON ROYAL HOLLOWAY & BEDFORD NEW COLL,DEPT GEOL,EGHAM TW20 0EX,SURREY,ENGLAND.
CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA.
RP DLUGOKENCKY, EJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOS LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009
OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 22
BP 2447
EP 2448
DI 10.1029/94GL02618
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PQ432
UT WOS:A1994PQ43200028
ER
PT J
AU HORSTMAN, KR
FIVES, JM
AF HORSTMAN, KR
FIVES, JM
TI ICHTHYOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE IN THE CELTIC SEA
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ICHTHYOPLANKTON; CELTIC SEA; FISH LARVAE
ID FISH
AB The larval stages of 70 fish species and the eggs of two of these species were identified from plankton samples taken in the Celtic Sea during April, May, and June 1980 and 1983. Seven of these species formed 92% of all the recorded fish larvae, and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) larvae accounted for 72% of the total. The distribution and abundance of these major species are illustrated and discussed. Numerical classification of the fish data indicated three major faunal zones, neritic, transition, and oceanic, the mackerel being the most dominant fish species in all zones. Indices for species diversity, species richness, and species evenness all differed between the faunal zones. The Celtic Sea ichthyoplankton community appears to be quite diverse, but discriminant analyses indicated that ichthyoplankton assemblages were associated with particular suites of environmental factors. Possible predator-prey interactions are discussed.
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,OFF PROTECTED RESOURCES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP HORSTMAN, KR (reprint author), NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL GALWAY,MARTIN RYAN MARINE SCI INST,DEPT ZOOL,GALWAY,IRELAND.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 4
BP 447
EP 460
DI 10.1006/jmsc.1994.1046
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA PR906
UT WOS:A1994PR90600011
ER
PT J
AU COOKSON, A
AF COOKSON, A
TI UNTITLED
SO IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP COOKSON, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0883-7554
J9 IEEE ELECTR INSUL M
JI IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 6
BP 3
EP 3
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PV662
UT WOS:A1994PV66200001
ER
PT J
AU HILL, DA
AF HILL, DA
TI ELECTRONIC-MODE STIRRING FOR REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
AB A modal analysis and a uniform-field approximation are presented for the fields in an idealized two-dimensional, rectangular cavity excited by an electric line source. The model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of frequency stirring, an alternative to mechanical stirring reveberation chamber immunity measurements. Numerical results indicate that good field uniformity (standard deviation less than 1 dB) can be obtained with a bandwidth of 10 MHz at a center frequency of 4 GHz. The bandwidth requirement is determined primarily by the number of modes excited, and higher frequencies can achieve the same field uniformity with a smaller bandwidth because of the higher mode density. Cavity excitation by two single-frequency sources is also analyzed.
RP HILL, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 18
TC 110
Z9 123
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 36
IS 4
BP 294
EP 299
DI 10.1109/15.328858
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA PM846
UT WOS:A1994PM84600004
ER
PT J
AU CROSS, RW
RUSSEK, SE
SANDERS, SC
PARKER, MR
BARNARD, JA
HOSSAIN, SA
AF CROSS, RW
RUSSEK, SE
SANDERS, SC
PARKER, MR
BARNARD, JA
HOSSAIN, SA
TI SIZE AND SELF-FIELD EFFECTS IN GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE THIN-FILM DEVICES
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
AB Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) was measured as a function of device size for patterned NiCoFe/Cu and NiFe/Ag films. For the quasi-granular NiCoFe/Cu films, the normalized maximum change in resistivity Delta rho/rho was 8% for most of the samples. For the NiFe/Ag films, antiparallel alignment was achieved through magnetostatic coupling, not exchange fields, with a Delta rho/rho of 4.5%. The films were patterned into stripes with Au current leads for size-effect measurements. The height of the stripes varied from 0.5 to 16 mu m and the track width varied from 1 to 16 mu m. Discrete switching events and anomalous low-field dips in the response were observed for both materials for small device sizes. Self-field and heating effects due to the applied current were investigated for the NiFeCo/Cu films. The effect of the self-field produced by the applied current was separated from the thermal contribution and was found to reduce the response by over 32% for a current density of 10(7) A/cm(2).
C1 UNIV ALABAMA,CTR MAT INFORMAT TECHNOL,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487.
RP CROSS, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 5
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 3825
EP 3827
DI 10.1109/20.333915
PN 1
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PU429
UT WOS:A1994PU42900010
ER
PT J
AU RICE, P
HALLETT, B
MORELAND, J
AF RICE, P
HALLETT, B
MORELAND, J
TI COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC-FIELDS OF THIN-FILM HEADS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING
BIT PATTERNS USING MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
AB We have used dc-mode magnetic force microscopy to image the magnetic fringing fields of several thin-film heads and the bit patterns written with these heads. The images were taken with Si3N4 tips coated with 10-nm Fe and 5-nm Au The heads and disks are typical industry standards. The heads had a variety of pole piece configurations. A large track separation was used so that the erase bands could be thoroughly studied, We were surprised to discover magnetic fields that correspond to layers in the alumina overcoat near the pole pieces. The magnetic force microscope images of the bit pattern show a definite twist at the track edge that points toward the trailing pole piece. We also observed disk magnetization patterns that remained after an ac erase procedure.
C1 MAXTOR CORP,HEAD DISK ENGN,LONGMONT,CO 80501.
RP RICE, P (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 4248
EP 4250
DI 10.1109/20.334050
PN 1
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PU429
UT WOS:A1994PU42900147
ER
PT J
AU HUNT, FY
MCMICHAEL, RD
AF HUNT, FY
MCMICHAEL, RD
TI ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR BARKHAUSEN JUMP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
AB In previous calculations of Barkhausen jump size distributions, the Langevin equation was used to describe the pinning field h(c) [1],[2]. In this paper, h(c) is modeled by discretized random walks which are used to obtain analytical expressions for the Barkhausen jump size distribution, P(tau). For a bounded random walk which reduces to the Langevin function in the continuum limit, P(tau) is a sum of exponentials which is compared to functions of the form P(tau) = tau-(alpha) exp(-tau/tau(o)). The scaling exponent changes from alpha similar or equal to 1.5 for small jumps to alpha similar or equal to 1.0 for jumps larger than the correlation length. For an unbounded random walk with exponentially distributed distances between steps in h(c), P(tau) is shown to be proportional to a modified Bessel function which, for long jumps, is asymptotically a pure power law, tau(-3/2). This suggests that the scaling exponent shift and the exponential cutoff are caused by correlations in h(c).
RP HUNT, FY (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012;
OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 4356
EP 4358
DI 10.1109/20.334086
PN 1
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PU429
UT WOS:A1994PU42900183
ER
PT J
AU DEETER, MN
BON, SM
DAY, GW
DIERCKS, G
SAMUELSON, S
AF DEETER, MN
BON, SM
DAY, GW
DIERCKS, G
SAMUELSON, S
TI NOVEL BULK IRON GARNETS FOR MAGNETOOPTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSING
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
ID SENSORS; YIG
AB We report measurements of the magneto-optic response Function and frequency response for three bulk iron garnet crystals grown by a flux technique. The samples were the product of an intensive effort to develop iron garnet compositions with properties specifically optimized for magnetic field sensing. Sensitivity enhancement was achieved through both bismuth substitution (for increasing the saturation Faraday rotation) and gallium substitution (for reducing the saturation magnetization). One sample exhibited a value of magneto-optic sensitivity of 25 degrees/mT for 1.3 mu m light. Frequency response measurements indicate that bismuth substitution actually improves performance (compared to unsubstituted yttrium iron garnet) in contrast with gallium, which causes substantial degradation.
C1 DELTRON CRYSTALS INC,DOVER,NJ 07801.
RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016
OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518
NR 12
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 4464
EP 4466
DI 10.1109/20.334122
PN 1
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PU429
UT WOS:A1994PU42900218
ER
PT J
AU KOS, AB
FICKETT, FR
AF KOS, AB
FICKETT, FR
TI IMPROVED EDDY-CURRENT DECAY METHOD FOR RESISTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference
CY JUN 20-23, 1994
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM
SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC, MINERALS MET & MAT SOC, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, AMER CERAM SOC
AB Eddy-current decay is a unique, nondestructive method for determining the low-temperature resistivity of large samples of pure metal. Furthermore, it is the only means available for measurement of the residual resistivity ratio (RRR), rho(273 K)/rho(4 K), of samples with shapes that do not lend themselves to conventional four-wire resistance measurement technique. An improvement to an earlier implementation of the eddy-current decay method of resistivity characterization is presented. It involves modernizing the earlier apparatus by the use of a digitizing oscilloscope, commercial curve-fitting software, digital averaging techniques, and modern electronics. Data are shown for high-purity copper cylinders.
RP KOS, AB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 4560
EP 4562
DI 10.1109/20.334148
PN 1
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PU429
UT WOS:A1994PU42900246
ER
PT J
AU VANZURA, EJ
BAKERJARVIS, JR
GROSVENOR, JH
JANEZIC, MD
AF VANZURA, EJ
BAKERJARVIS, JR
GROSVENOR, JH
JANEZIC, MD
TI INTERCOMPARISON OF PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS USING THE
TRANSMISSION/REFLECTION METHOD IN 7-MM COAXIAL TRANSMISSION-LINES
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
AB Broadband permittivity measurements made by eleven organizations using the transmission/reflection (T/R) method are compared to high-accuracy cavity resonator results. T/R accuracy is less than 10% for epsilon'(r) < 15, and the smallest measureable loss factor is epsilon''(r) approximate to 0.05. Uncertainty caused by the air gaps between the specimen and the inner and outer conductors is the largest contributor to the overall uncertainty. Compared to other dimensional measurement methods, physical measurement of specimen bore and outer diameters yield the most accurate gap corrections.
RP VANZURA, EJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 8
TC 78
Z9 86
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 11
BP 2063
EP 2070
DI 10.1109/22.330120
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PP982
UT WOS:A1994PP98200009
ER
PT J
AU SENGERS, JMHL
CEZAIRLIYAN, A
AF SENGERS, JMHL
CEZAIRLIYAN, A
TI SPECIAL ISSUE .1. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES - PREFACE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SENGERS, JMHL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1011
EP 1012
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA QM430
UT WOS:A1994QM43000001
ER
PT J
AU LIN, MY
HANLEY, HJM
STRATY, GC
PEIFFER, DG
KIM, MW
SINHA, SK
AF LIN, MY
HANLEY, HJM
STRATY, GC
PEIFFER, DG
KIM, MW
SINHA, SK
TI A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING (SANS) STUDY OF WORM-LIKE MICELLES
UNDER SHEAR
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 19-24, 1994
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO
SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties
HO UNIV COLORADO
DE ANISOTROPY; COUETTE FLOW; LIVING POLYMERS; POLYDISPERSITY; RODS; SHEAR
ALIGNMENT; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING; WORM-LIKE MICELLES
ID APPARATUS; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS
AB The structure of a cationic worm-like cylindrical micelle was investigated by SANS (small-angle neutron scattering). Intensities from 0.1% by weight solutions in D2O, at rest and under shear, were measured on the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility 30-m spectrometer in the wave vector range 0.03 less than or equal to Q (nm(-1)) less than or equal to 2.0. Scattered intensity patterns from the solutions subjected to shears equal to or greater than 40 s(-1) showed pronounced anisotropy, but such anisotropy could not be detected below this apparent threshold shear. The threshold was characterized by a relaxation time since anisotropy was detected only after several minutes of shearing. In contrast, the anisotropy was apparent immediately the shear was applied at the higher shears. The data were analyzed based on the assumption that the micelles behave as rigid rods. Estimates of the radii and length under shear are given. Polydispersity in rod length is discussed, and we argue that it contributes significantly to the scattering patterns.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ.
RI Kim, Mahn Won/C-1541-2011
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1169
EP 1178
DI 10.1007/BF01458825
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA QM430
UT WOS:A1994QM43000015
ER
PT J
AU RAINWATER, JC
LYNCH, JJ
AF RAINWATER, JC
LYNCH, JJ
TI A NONLINEAR CORRELATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM DATA
FOR ETHYLENE PLUS N-BUTANE SHOWING INCONSISTENCIES IN EXPERIMENTAL
COMPOSITIONS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 19-24, 1994
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO
SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties
HO UNIV COLORADO
DE CRITICAL REGION; ETHYLENE; HIGH PRESSURE; MOLE FRACTION ERRORS;
N-BUTANE; SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION; VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXTURES; PROPANE
AB The modified Leung-Griffiths model is applied to the previously unpublished data, tabulated here, of Williams for high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria of ethylene + n-butane. It is not possible to obtain a highly accurate correlation with the experimentally stated compositions, but evidence is given that those composition measurements may be suspect, although pressure, temperature, and density data are accurate. A simplex optimization method was used for the parameters of the model, and the compositions were also treated as adjustable parameters. With this method a much more accurate correlation is obtained, but the optimized compositions differ in two of four cases by more than 3% from the stated compositions.
C1 WAYNESBURG COLL,DEPT PHYS,WAYNESBURG,PA 15370.
RP RAINWATER, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1231
EP 1239
DI 10.1007/BF01458831
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA QM430
UT WOS:A1994QM43000021
ER
PT J
AU GALLAGHER, JS
FRIEND, DG
GIVEN, JA
SENGERS, JMHL
AF GALLAGHER, JS
FRIEND, DG
GIVEN, JA
SENGERS, JMHL
TI CRITICAL LINES FOR TYPE-III AQUEOUS MIXTURES BY GENERALIZED
CORRESPONDING-STATES MODELS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 19-24, 1994
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO
SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties
HO UNIV COLORADO
DE AQUEOUS MIXTURES; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRITICAL LINES; EXTENDED CORRESPONDING
STATES; GAS-GAS EQUILIBRIUM; NITROGEN; TYPE III MIXTURES
ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; MPA
AB An algorithm has been developed for calculating the gas-gas critical line of type-III binary fluid mixtures for extended corresponding-states (ECS) models. The algorithm searches for an extremum in pressure on the spinodal curve of an isothermal pressure-composition phase diagram of a binary mixture. The method has been applied to solutions of carbon dioxide and of nitrogen in water, starting at the water critical point. Two variants of ECS have been tested for their ability to represent reliable PVTx data in the nitrogen-water mixture. It is demonstrated that in the latter system both ECS variants produce an artifact in the gas-gas critical line in the range of 0-0.2 mole fraction of nitrogen.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1271
EP 1278
DI 10.1007/BF01458835
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA QM430
UT WOS:A1994QM43000025
ER
PT J
AU FRIEND, DG
HUBER, ML
AF FRIEND, DG
HUBER, ML
TI THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY STANDARD REFERENCE DATA FROM NIST
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 19-24, 1994
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO
SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties
HO UNIV COLORADO
DE DATABASES; MIXTURES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; REFRIGERANTS; STANDARDS;
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
ID REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; PREDICTION; VISCOSITY
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a primary function to develop and disseminate standard reference data for the thermophysical properties of fluids and fluid mixtures of interest to the industrial and scientific communities. In this paper we discuss five computerized databases distributed by the Standard Reference Data (SRD) Program of NIST. The databases provide national standards for the properties of pure fluids, an accurate evaluated mixture program focusing on the properties of natural gas mixtures, a predictive package emphasizing hydrocarbon systems up to C-20, a database for refrigerant and prospective alternative refrigerant fluids, and the current scientific thermophysical property surfaces for pure water and steam. The databases include both thermodynamic surfaces and representations for transport properties over broad ranges of temperature, pressure, and composition. We also discuss our current research to improve the standards for air and for aqueous systems including the binary mixture of ammonia and water.
RP FRIEND, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 6
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1279
EP 1288
DI 10.1007/BF01458836
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA QM430
UT WOS:A1994QM43000026
ER
PT J
AU DEBOER, J
VANDERMEER, J
REUTERGARDH, L
CALDER, JA
AF DEBOER, J
VANDERMEER, J
REUTERGARDH, L
CALDER, JA
TI DETERMINATION OF CHLOROBIPHENYLS IN CLEANED-UP SEAL BLUBBER AND MARINE
SEDIMENT EXTRACTS - INTERLABORATORY STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIBRATION; CONGENERS; SAMPLES
AB An interlaboratory study on the determination of individual chlorobiphenyl congeners (CBs) in cleaned-up seal blubber and marine sediment extracts was organized by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions, as the second part of a stepwise-designed interlaboratory study on the determination of CBs in marine media. Fifty-eight laboratories from 16 countries participated in this exercise, which involved the determination of 10 CBs in a standard solution, a cleaned-up seal blubber extract, and a cleaned-up marine sediment extract. Suggestions were given for instrument optimization. Standard errors of 1.16-1.17 for the standard solution, 1.20-1.33 for the seal blubber extract, and 1.31-1.56 for the sediment extract were obtained for CBs 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 by all laboratories with the exception of the laboratories giving consistently outlying results. The results for CBs 28, 31, 105, and 156 showed larger standard deviations. The 2 major difficulties for participants in this exercise were correct preparation of a calibration solution and chromatographic separation. The results of the sediment analysis showed a complete lack of agreement. It is recommended that, prior to the organization of the third part of this study, participants should install gas chromatographic columns with minimum lengths of 50 m and maximum internal diameters of 0.25 mm and should prepare calibration solutions from solids of known purity.
C1 NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES,1790 AB DEN BURG,NETHERLANDS.
ASIAN INST TECHNOL,SCH ENVIRONM RESOURCES & DEV,BANGKOK 10501,THAILAND.
NOAA,OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
STOCKHOLM UNIV,INST APPL ENVIRONM RES,ANALYT ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,S-17185 SOLNA,SWEDEN.
RP DEBOER, J (reprint author), NETHERLANDS INST FISHERY RES,DLO,POB 68,1970 AB IJMUIDEN,NETHERLANDS.
RI van der Meer, Jaap/C-6687-2011; de Boer, Jacob/L-5094-2013
OI de Boer, Jacob/0000-0001-6949-4828
NR 16
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 6
BP 1411
EP 1422
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA PW574
UT WOS:A1994PW57400007
PM 7819750
ER
PT J
AU BREAKER, LC
GEMMILL, WH
CROSBY, DS
AF BREAKER, LC
GEMMILL, WH
CROSBY, DS
TI THE APPLICATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR VECTOR CORRELATION TO PROBLEMS IN
METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB In a recent study, Crosby et al. proposed a definition for vector correlation that has not been commonly used in meteorology or oceanography. This definition has both a firm theoretical basis and a rather complete set of desirable statistical properties. In this study, the authors apply the definition to practical problems arising in meteorology and oceanography. In the first of two case studies, vector correlations were calculated between subsurface currents for five locations along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie. Vector correlations for one sample size were calculated for all current meter combinations, first including the seiche frequency and then with the seiche frequency removed. Removal of the seiche frequency, which was easily detected in the current spectra, had only a small effect on the vector correlations. Under reasonable assumptions, the vector correlations were in most cases statistically significant and revealed considerable fine structure in the vector correlation sequences. In some cases, major variations in vector correlation coincided with changes in surface wind. The vector correlations for the various current meter combinations decreased rapidly with increasing spatial separation. For one current meter combination, canonical correlations were also calculated; the first canonical correlation tended to retain the underlying trend, whereas the second canonical correlation retained the peaks in the vector correlations.
In the second case study, vector correlations were calculated between marine surface winds derived from the National Meteorological Center's Global Data Assimilation System and observed winds acquired from the network of National Data Buoy Center buoys that are located off the continental United States and in the Gulf of Alaska. Results of this comparison indicated that 1) there was a significant decrease in correlation between the predicted and observed winds with increasing forecast interval out to 72 h, 2) the technique provides a sensitive indicator for detecting bad buoy reports, and 3)there was no obvious seasonal cycle in the monthly vector correlations for the period of observation.
C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP BREAKER, LC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 11
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 11
BP 1354
EP 1365
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1354:TAOATF>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN480
UT WOS:A1994PN48000011
ER
PT J
AU SILVER, RM
DAGATA, JA
TSENG, W
AF SILVER, RM
DAGATA, JA
TSENG, W
TI AMBIENT AND VACUUM SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF SULFUR-TERMINATED
AND OXYGEN-TERMINATED GALLIUM-ARSENIDE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GAAS-SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; RECOMBINATION; PASSIVATION; MODEL; AIR
AB Tunneling spectroscopy of sulfur- and oxygen-terminated n- and p-type GaAs (110) surfaces is reported for air and ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Simulations of the complete I-V characteristics with explicit inclusion of surface states within the planar junction theory are described and compared to experiment. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between tip-induced and surface-state-induced band-bending effects observed in the tunneling spectra of passivated semiconductor surfaces.
RP SILVER, RM (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 9
BP 5122
EP 5131
DI 10.1063/1.357225
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PQ026
UT WOS:A1994PQ02600020
ER
PT J
AU KAUTZ, RL
AF KAUTZ, RL
TI QUASI-POTENTIAL AND THE STABILITY OF PHASE-LOCK IN NONHYSTERETIC
JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMALLY INDUCED ESCAPE; WEAK LINKS; NOISE; ENERGY
AB The principle of minimum available noise energy is used to calculate the quasipotential over the state space of a nonhysteretic Josephson junction driven by a rf bias. This potential surface provides an intuitive picture of the dynamics of phase lock and defines a stability parameter, the activation energy for thermally induced phase slippage, which determines the optimum operating conditions for a proposed programmable voltage standard.
RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 18
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 9
BP 5538
EP 5544
DI 10.1063/1.357156
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PQ026
UT WOS:A1994PQ02600081
ER
PT J
AU MISRA, DN
AF MISRA, DN
TI INTERACTION OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE WITH AND ADSORPTION OF
CHLORHEXIDINE ON HYDROXYAPATITE
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DENTAL POLYMER COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES; COUPLING AGENTS;
ACID; FLUORAPATITE; CHARGE
AB It is well known that chlorhexidine digluconate provides an effective microbicidal activity during oral rinsing, and therefore, it was considered worthwhile to investigate its interaction with hydroxyapatite on a fundamental level. The kinetics of uptake (or reaction) of the compound from aqueous solutions by synthetic hydroxyapatite was studied at 23 degrees C for four time periods by monitoring its concentration. There was no uptake at low concentrations for any time period. The uptake curves for higher concentrations shifted towards the lower concentrations as the period increased and became more and more vertically oriented to the concentration axis. The concentrations of calcium ions increased, phosphate ions decreased and hydrogen ions decreased a little for a given period as the concentration of the compound was increased. All of these experimental facts can be qualitatively explained on the basis of the solubility considerations of hydroxyapatite and of chlorhexidine phosphate, the reaction product that slowly precipitates out of the solution. The needle-shaped birefringent crystals of the phosphate salt are clearly visible in the apatite matrix under a microscope, and its refractive index and differential Fourier transform infrared spectra match almost exactly with those of a well-characterized, synthesized phosphate salt.
To explore the nature of interaction, the uptake of chlorhexidine base was studied from p-dioxane and it is irreversible. The uptake is total below a threshold equilibrium concentration and constant above it. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RP MISRA, DN (reprint author), NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0021-9304
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 11
BP 1375
EP 1381
DI 10.1002/jbm.820281116
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA PM038
UT WOS:A1994PM03800015
PM 7829568
ER
PT J
AU LOOSE, W
ACKERSON, BJ
AF LOOSE, W
ACKERSON, BJ
TI MODEL-CALCULATIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SCATTERING DATA FROM LAYERED
STRUCTURES
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DILATANT VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR; ANGLE
NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHEAR-INDUCED ORDER; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; FLOW;
DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES; SPHERES
AB Model calculations for the interpretation of scattering patterns from layered structures are presented. They assume a rigid configuration of the layers which are then stacked in a deterministic or stochastic manner. Results for stacking faults of close-packed crystals and for sheared sliding layers are presented. The method can easily be applied to other stacking sequences.
C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,CTR LASER RES,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
RP LOOSE, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 17
TC 118
Z9 118
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 9
BP 7211
EP 7220
DI 10.1063/1.468278
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PP519
UT WOS:A1994PP51900002
ER
PT J
AU SUENRAM, RD
FRASER, GT
LOVAS, FJ
KAWASHIMA, Y
AF SUENRAM, RD
FRASER, GT
LOVAS, FJ
KAWASHIMA, Y
TI THE MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM OF CH4-H2O
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; WATER HYDROCARBON INTERACTIONS;
POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DIPOLE-MOMENT; INTERNAL-ROTATION; COMPLEX;
AR-H2O; SPECTROMETER; DYNAMICS; ABINITIO
AB Microwave spectra of CH4- -H2O, CH4- -(H2O)-O-18, CH4- -(H2O)-O-17, CH4- -D2O, and CH4- -DOH have been measured using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The spectra were recorded to aid the assignment of the high-resolution far-infrared spectrum of CH4- -H2O reported recently [L. Dore, R. C. Cohen, C. A, Schmuttenmaer, K. L. Busarow, M. J. Elrod, J. G. Leeser, and R. J. Saykally, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 863 (1994)]. Spectral assignments were guided by Stark-effect and nuclear-spin hyperfine measurements. For the primary isotopic species, CH4- -H2O, four K=0 (Sigma) and six K=1 (Pi) rotational progressions were observed at the similar to 1 K rotational temperature of the supersonic expansion. The internal-rotor state of the complex correlating to j=0 H2O+j=0 CH4 is found to have a rotational constant B=4346.7202(7) MHz and centrifugal distortion constant D-J=119.72(9) kHz, where the numbers in parentheses represent one standard deviation of the fit. These constants imply a zero-point center-of-mass separation of 3.7024 Angstrom between the two subunits and a pseudodiatomic weak-bond stretching force constant of 1.53 N/m and stretching frequency of 55 cm(-1). Stark-effect measurements reveal that two of the K=1 progressions originate from degenerate states while the other four K=1 transitions arise from two Pi states which are K (or l) doubled. The effective electric dipole moments vary from 1.95 X 10(-30) to 2.67 X 10(-30) C m (0.58-0.83 D) for the states studied. The isotopic results are consistent with a CH4- -H2O structure in which one of the hydrogens of H2O proton donates to CH4, analogous to structures previously reporteh for CH4 with HCN and HCl. A combined analysis of the microwave and far-infrared data allow estimates of the barriers to internal rotation of the H2O and CH4 units. The H2O internal rotation potential is found to be much more anisotropic than that of Ar- -H2O.
C1 KANAGAWA INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM TECHNOL,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA 24302,JAPAN.
RP SUENRAM, RD (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 32
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 9
BP 7230
EP 7240
DI 10.1063/1.468280
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PP519
UT WOS:A1994PP51900004
ER
PT J
AU HALPERT, MS
SMITH, TM
AF HALPERT, MS
SMITH, TM
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR MARCH-MAY-1993 - MATURE ENSO CONDITIONS PERSIST
AND A BLIZZARD BLANKETS THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS
C1 NOAA,NMC,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC.
RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 11
BP 1772
EP 1793
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1772:TGCFMM>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PR942
UT WOS:A1994PR94200010
ER
PT J
AU ZHANG, ZM
DATLA, RU
LORENTZ, SR
TANG, HC
AF ZHANG, ZM
DATLA, RU
LORENTZ, SR
TANG, HC
TI THERMAL MODELING OF ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETERS
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
AB This work consists of a detailed thermal modeling of two different radiometers operated at cryogenic temperatures. Both employ a temperature sensor and an electrical-substitution technique to determine the absolute radiant power entering the aperture of a receiver. Their sensing elements are different: One is a germanium resistance thermometer, and the other is a superconducting kinetic-inductance thermometer. The finite element method is used to predict the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the receiver. The nonequivalence between the radiant power and the electrical power due to the temperature gradient in the receiver is shown to be small and is minimized by placing the thermometer near the thermal impedance. In the radiometer with a germanium resistance thermometer, the random noise dominates the uncertainty for small incident powers and limits the ultimate sensitivity. At high power levels, the measurement accuracy is limited by the uncertainty of the absorptance of the cavity. Recommendations are given based on the modeling for future improvement of the dynamic response of both radiometers.
C1 NIST,DIV SCI COMP ENVIRONM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ZHANG, ZM (reprint author), NIST,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 9
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017
SN 0022-1481
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 116
IS 4
BP 993
EP 998
DI 10.1115/1.2911476
PG 6
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA PV806
UT WOS:A1994PV80600027
ER
PT J
AU FOLDEAKI, M
LEDBETTER, H
HIDAKA, Y
AF FOLDEAKI, M
LEDBETTER, H
HIDAKA, Y
TI MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PR2-XCEXCUO4 MONOCRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALS
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID PR2CUO4
AB We measured the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of Pr2-xCexCuO4 monocrystals and polycrystals in the composition range x = 0-0.18. For all compositions, the susceptibility curves reveal strong crystal-field effects and are evaluated in terms of Van Vleck's equation for magnetic susceptibility. At temperatures above 100 K, the behavior could be described by a Curie-Weiss-like equation, the parameters of which allow us to characterize the crystal-field interactions. The concentration dependence of these parameters is much stronger in the monocrystals, with the apparent magnetic moment going through a sharp maximum near x = 0.1, the composition of the onset of superconductivity after a reducing anneal. The concentration dependence of the magnetic moment can be qualitatively interpreted as a contribution of charge-carrying spins in localized states, mainly through initiating Cu2+-Pr3+ interactions. With increasing Ce, these additional spins can not remain localized, thus the magnetic moment decreases, and a reducing anneal results in superconductivity.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NTT LABS,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN.
RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), UNIV QUEBEC,TROIS RIVIERES,PQ GA9 5H7,CANADA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 138
IS 1-2
BP 139
EP 146
DI 10.1016/0304-8853(94)90410-3
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA PU886
UT WOS:A1994PU88600018
ER
PT J
AU RYE, BJ
HARDESTY, RM
AF RYE, BJ
HARDESTY, RM
TI SPECTRAL MATCHED-FILTERS IN COHERENT LASER-RADAR
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; PEAK ESTIMATION; ACCUMULATION
AB Insight into the properties of maximum likelihood Doppler frequency shift estimators, which function as spectral domain matched filters, is often obtained more readily from examination of their spectral correlating functions,and lag windows than from simulated performance data. These functions are compared and contrasted with reference to lidar applications for the three principal estimators.
C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP RYE, BJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 11
BP 2131
EP 2144
DI 10.1080/09500349414552001
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PU241
UT WOS:A1994PU24100007
ER
PT J
AU JOB, VA
KARTHA, SB
SULE, NS
KARTHA, VB
WEBER, A
OLSON, WB
AF JOB, VA
KARTHA, SB
SULE, NS
KARTHA, VB
WEBER, A
OLSON, WB
TI PERTURBATIONS IN THE 2-NU-9 AND NU-8 BANDS OF PROPYNE-D
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL
CONSTANT; 30-MU-M
AB The analysis of the complex rotational structures of the 2nu9 parallel band and the nu8 perpendicular band of CH3CCD is presented. All the levels of 2nu9(A1) and nu8(E) states are perturbed to varying degrees. A large number of off-diagonal perturbations connecting a quartet of interacting states, which include the E component of 2nu9 and the (A1, A2) component of (2nu10 + nu9), account for the observed complex pattern. A few transitions of the type DELTAK = +2 to the 2nu9(E) state and DELTAK = 0 to the (2nu10 + nu9)(A1, A2) state have also been identified. The major interactions are Fermi resonance between 2nu9(A1) and the lower component of (2nu10 + nu9)(A1, A2), Fermi resonance between 2nu9(E) and nu8(E), ''+/-2, +/-2'' l-type resonance between 2nu9(A1) and 2nu9(E), and xy-Coriolis interaction between 2nu9(A1) and nu8(E). Parameters of the four states and the interaction parameters have been determined. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP JOB, VA (reprint author), BHABHA ATOM RES CTR,DIV SPECTROSCOPY,BOMBAY 400085,INDIA.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 168
IS 1
BP 166
EP 184
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1269
PG 19
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA PM716
UT WOS:A1994PM71600013
ER
PT J
AU GOLDBERG, RN
TEWARI, YB
AF GOLDBERG, RN
TEWARI, YB
TI THERMODYNAMICS OF ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS .3. HYDROLASES
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE APPARENT EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS; ENTHALPIES OF REACTION; ENZYME-CATALYZED
REACTIONS; EVALUATED DATA; HYDROLASES; TRANSFORMED THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
ID ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; SPECIFIED PH;
EQUILIBRIUM; PMG
AB Equilibrium constants and enthalpy changes for reactions catalyzed by the hydrolase class of enzymes have been compiled. For each reaction the following information is given: the reference for the data; the reaction studied; the name of the enzyme used and its Enzyme Commission number; the method of measurement; the conditions of measurement (temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the buffer(s) and cofactor(s) used); the data and an evaluation of it; and, sometimes, commentary on the data and on any corrections which have been applied to it or any calculations for which the data have been used. The data from 146 references have been examined and evaluated. Chemical Abstract Service registry numbers are given for the substances involved in these various reactions. There is a cross reference between the substances and the Enzyme Commission numbers of the enzymes used to catalyze the reactions in which the substances participate.
RP GOLDBERG, RN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 18
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1035
EP 1103
PG 69
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA QU837
UT WOS:A1994QU83700003
ER
PT J
AU SIEFERT, DLW
AF SIEFERT, DLW
TI THE IMPORTANCE OF SAMPLER MESH SIZE WHEN ESTIMATING TOTAL DAILY
EGG-PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOCALANUS SPP IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, ALASKA
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; WALLEYE POLLOCK;
GROWTH; GULF; COPEPODITE; LARVAE
AB Estimates of Pseudocalanus spp. total daily egg production were made for spring and summer months using concentration and prosome length of adult females from 333 and 150 mum mesh samplers fished simultaneously during surveys of larval walleye pollock (Gadidae; Theragra chalcogramma) in Shelikof Strait, Alaska. Retention of congeneric females by the two samplers varied among months because of change in body size, species composition and abundance. This variability created bias in total daily egg production estimates when relying on female length and concentration from only one of the samplers.
RP SIEFERT, DLW (reprint author), NOAA,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 11
BP 1489
EP 1498
DI 10.1093/plankt/16.11.1489
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA PY724
UT WOS:A1994PY72400002
ER
PT J
AU KLOSE, JZ
DETERS, TM
FUHR, JR
WIESE, WL
AF KLOSE, JZ
DETERS, TM
FUHR, JR
WIESE, WL
TI ATOMIC BRANCHING RATIO DATA FOR OXYGEN-LIKE SPECIES
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
ID OPACITY CALCULATIONS; IONS
AB The branching ratio technique for radiometric calibrations in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region is briefly reviewed. Lists of transitions suitable for use of the technique are given for oxygen-like species (O I and Ne III) along with pertinent data for their application.
RP KLOSE, JZ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 52
IS 5
BP 601
EP 619
DI 10.1016/0022-4073(94)90027-2
PG 19
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA PW157
UT WOS:A1994PW15700007
ER
PT J
AU SHARMA, JKN
JAIN, KK
EHRLICH, CD
HOUCK, JC
WARD, DB
AF SHARMA, JKN
JAIN, KK
EHRLICH, CD
HOUCK, JC
WARD, DB
TI AN INTERCOMPARISON BETWEEN NPL (INDIA) AND NIST (USA) PRESSURE STANDARDS
IN THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE REGION UP TO 26 MPA
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE; PISTON GAUGE; PRESSURE
ID PISTON GAUGE
AB Results are presented of an intercomparison of pressure measurements between the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), India, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, using piston gauge pressure standards over the range 6 MPa to 26 MPa. The intercomparison, using the NPL piston gauge pressure standard, with a nominal effective area of 8.4 x 10(-5) m2, and the NIST piston gauge pressure standard, with a nominal effective area of 2.0 x 10(-5) m2, was carried out at the NPL.
The intercomparison data obtained show a relative difference of 1 x 10(-6) in the zero-pressure effective area (A0) of the NPL standard as obtained by the NIST standard. At 6 MPa the relative difference in effective areas is 3.5 x 10(-6); at the full scale pressure of 26 MPa, the relative difference is 12x10(-6). These differences are in excellent agreement with the statements of uncertainty of the respective standards as obtained from the primary standards of these two laboratories.
C1 NIST, DIV THERMOPHYS, PRESSURE GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP SHARMA, JKN (reprint author), NATL PHYS LAB, PRESSURE GRP, NEW DELHI 110012, INDIA.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 725
EP 729
DI 10.6028/jres.099.064
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900001
ER
PT J
AU MACHIN, G
JOHNSON, BC
GIBSON, C
RUSBY, RL
AF MACHIN, G
JOHNSON, BC
GIBSON, C
RUSBY, RL
TI INTERCOMPARISON OF THE ITS-90 RADIANCE TEMPERATURE SCALES OF THE
NATIONAL-PHYSICAL-LABORATORY (UK) AND THE
NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE INTERCOMPARISON; ITS-90; RADIANCE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE SCALES
AB An intercomparison of radiance temperature scales has been performed by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using a standard transfer pyrometer operating at a wavelength of approximately 1000 nm. It was found that the radiance temperature scales established by the two laboratories were in agreement to 0.1% or better of the temperature over the range 1000-degrees-C to 2500-degrees-C.
C1 NATL PHYS LAB, TEMP STAND SECT, TEDDINGTON TW11 0LW, MIDDX, ENGLAND.
NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP MACHIN, G (reprint author), NATL PHYS LAB, RADIAT THERMOMETRY GRP, TEDDINGTON TW11 0LW, MIDDX, ENGLAND.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 731
EP 736
DI 10.6028/jres.099.065
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900002
ER
PT J
AU KOEPKE, G
RANDA, J
AF KOEPKE, G
RANDA, J
TI SCREENED-ROOM MEASUREMENTS ON THE NIST SPHERICAL-DIPOLE STANDARD
RADIATOR
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MIL-STD-462; RADIATED EMISSIONS; SCREENED ROOM; SPHERICAL DIPOLE
AB We report the results of a study of measurements of radiated emissions from the NIST spherical-dipole standard radiator in several screened rooms. The study serves as a demonstration of possible applications of the standard radiator as well as an investigation of radiated-emissions measurements in screened rooms. The screened-room measurements were performed in accordance with MIL-STD-462 (1967). Large differences occurred in the field intensity measured at different laboratories and even on different days at the same laboratory. There was a systematic difference at low frequencies between the screened-room results and results obtained in a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, open-area test site (OATS), and anechoic chamber. We also present the results of OATS tests confirming the temporal stability of the standard radiator and measuring the loading effect of a ground plane as a function of distance from the sphere.
RP KOEPKE, G (reprint author), NIST, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 737
EP 749
DI 10.6028/jres.099.066
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900003
ER
PT J
AU THOMPSON, A
CHEN, HM
AF THOMPSON, A
CHEN, HM
TI BEAMCON-III, A LINEARITY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR OPTICAL-DETECTORS
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE BEAM ADDITION METHOD; LINEARITY; OPTICAL RADIATION DETECTORS; SILICON
PHOTODIODE; STANDARD RADIATOR
AB The design and operation of Beamcon III, the latest linearity measurement instrument using the beam addition method in the detector metrology program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is described. The primary improvements in this instrument are the reduction of stray radiation to extremely low levels by using three well-baffled chambers, a larger dynamic range, and an additional source entrance port. A polynomial response function is determined from the data obtained by this instrument using a least-squares method. The linearity of a silicon photodiode-amplifier detector system was determined to be within 0.054 % (2sigma estimate) over nine decades of signal.
C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899.
RP THOMPSON, A (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 6
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 751
EP 755
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900004
ER
PT J
AU LAVINE, CF
CAGE, ME
ELMQUIST, RE
AF LAVINE, CF
CAGE, ME
ELMQUIST, RE
TI SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF QUANTIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE STATES OF THE QUANTUM
HALL-EFFECT
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE BREAKDOWN OF DISSIPATIONLESS STATE; HISTOGRAMS; QUANTUM HALL EFFECT;
QUANTIZED VOLTAGE STATES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS; SPECTRA
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISSIPATION; DEPENDENCE; REGIME
AB Quantized breakdown voltage states are observed in a second, wide, high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs sample made from another wafer, demonstrating that quantization of the longitudinal voltage drop along the sample is a general feature of the quantum Hall effect in the breakdown regime. The voltage states are interpreted in a simple energy conservation model as occurring when electrons are excited to higher Landau levels and then return to the original level. A spectroscopic study of these dissipative voltage states reveals how well they are quantized. The statistical variations of the quantized voltages increase linearly with quantum number.
C1 NIST, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 20
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 757
EP 764
DI 10.6028/jres.099.068
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900005
ER
PT J
AU THOMPSON, A
HOBISH, MK
AF THOMPSON, A
HOBISH, MK
TI WORKSHOP ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN AIR ULTRAVIOLET METROLOGY GAITHERSBURG,
MD MAY 26-27, 1994
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP THOMPSON, A (reprint author), NIST, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 765
EP 773
DI 10.6028/jres.099.069
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900006
ER
PT J
AU NEWTON, J
AF NEWTON, J
TI DATA ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM GAITHERSBURG, MD
MAY 17-18, 1994
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP NEWTON, J (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, DIV INFORMAT SYST ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 775
EP 779
DI 10.6028/jres.099.070
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900007
ER
PT J
AU LENNON, EB
AF LENNON, EB
TI NORTH-AMERICAN INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) USERS FORUM
(NIUF) GAITHERSBURG, MD JUNE 21-24, 1994
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP LENNON, EB (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 777
EP 779
DI 10.6028/jres.099.071
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900008
ER
PT J
AU IPPOLITO, LM
WALLACE, DR
LENNON, EB
AF IPPOLITO, LM
WALLACE, DR
LENNON, EB
TI COMPASS-94, 9TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER ASSURANCE GAITHERSBURG, MD
JUNE 27 JULY 1, 1994
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP IPPOLITO, LM (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 6
BP 781
EP 785
DI 10.6028/jres.099.072
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QN299
UT WOS:A1994QN29900009
ER
PT J
AU JONES, RM
HOWE, BM
MERCER, JA
SPINDEL, RC
GEORGES, TM
AF JONES, RM
HOWE, BM
MERCER, JA
SPINDEL, RC
GEORGES, TM
TI NONPERTURBATIVE OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY INVERSION OF 1000-KM
PULSE-PROPAGATION IN THE PACIFIC-OCEAN
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID BASIN-SCALE TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; MESOSCALE; SPEED; SOUND
AB A nonperturbative inversion was performed of acoustic tomography measurements made in the northeastern Pacific Ocean in July 1989, in which acoustic transmissions from a 250-Hz broadband source located near the sound-channel axis were recorded at a long vertical array of hydrophones 1000 km away. In contrast with a conventional inversion, this nonperturbative inversion does not assume that travel times are linearly related to the sound-speed deviations from a background sound-speed model. The inversion process involved three steps: (1) Measured pulse travel times and the source and receiver locations were used to determine the range average of the equivalent symmetric sound-slowness profile. That part of the inversion used only curve fitting and Abel transforms, and required independent (nontomographic) information only to help identify the pulse arrivals. (2) Under the assumption that the range dependence of sound speed was small, we used the reciprocal of the range-averaged sound-slowness profile to approximate the range average of the sound-speed profile. (3) Constraining the sound speed below the sound-channel axis to match climatological data and neglecting the range dependence of sound speed below the sound-channel axis allowed us to estimate the range average of the sound-speed profile above the sound-channel axis. This inversion was compared with the range average of sound speed calculated from CTD measurements made during the experiment over a 10-day period. The agreement was good between 50- and 300-m depths, but there were some disagreements near the surface and near the sound-channel axis.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, APPL PHYS LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA.
US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
OI Howe, Bruce/0000-0001-5711-5253
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 5
BP 3054
EP 3063
DI 10.1121/1.411242
PN 1
PG 10
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA PQ018
UT WOS:A1994PQ01800043
ER
PT J
AU CHRISTENSEN, BJ
COVERDALE, RT
OLSON, RA
FORD, SJ
GARBOCZI, EJ
JENNINGS, HM
MASON, TO
AF CHRISTENSEN, BJ
COVERDALE, RT
OLSON, RA
FORD, SJ
GARBOCZI, EJ
JENNINGS, HM
MASON, TO
TI IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDRATING CEMENT-EASED MATERIALS -
MEASUREMENT, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID AC-IMPEDANCE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SILICA FUME;
DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PASTE; SYSTEMS; PERMEABILITY; PERCOLATION
AB This work concerns the state of the art for use of impedance spectroscopy for studying the evolving microstructure of cement-based materials during hydration. Features of the spectra are discussed and related to components of the microstructure with the assistance of pixel-based computer modeling techniques. It is proposed that the enormously high relative dielectric constants (similar to 10(5)) observed just after set are the result of dielectric amplification and are related to the distribution of pore sizes and the thickness of product C-S-H layers separating the pores. The conductivity is related to the volume fraction of porosity, the conductivity of the pore solution, and the interconnectivity of the porosity. The conductivity, when normalized by that of the pore solution, i.e., inverse formation factor, is a measure of this interconnectivity and can be used to predict such engineering properties as ionic diffusivity and water permeability. Composite mixing laws are employed to aid in explaining the behavior of the conductivity and to obtain a qualitative measure of the pore shape with hydration. Procedures for predicting the conductivity of the pore solution and for subtracting out electrode lead effects at high frequency are discussed.
C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208.
NIST,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009
NR 83
TC 196
Z9 199
U1 4
U2 28
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 11
BP 2789
EP 2804
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04507.x
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA PQ992
UT WOS:A1994PQ99200001
ER
PT J
AU GALLAS, MR
PIERMARINI, GJ
AF GALLAS, MR
PIERMARINI, GJ
TI BULK MODULUS AND YOUNGS MODULUS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE GAMMA-ALUMINA
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; TIO2
AB Compression measurements mere performed for the first time on nanocrystalline gamma-alumina utilizing a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction method. The cubic unit cell (a = 0.7924 nm) for gamma-alumina Tvas found to have a volume compression of about 2.4% over the pressure range from ambient to 3.8 GPa at room temperature under both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic conditions. Using the first-order Bridgman equation and the Birch equation of state, the isothermal bulk modulus (B-0) mas determined to be 162 +/- 14 GPa and Young's modulus (E) was estimated to be 253 +/- 22 GPa assuming a Poisson's ratio for gamma-alumina of 0.24 +/- 0.2.
C1 UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,INST FIS,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL.
RP GALLAS, MR (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 11
BP 2917
EP 2920
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04524.x
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA PQ992
UT WOS:A1994PQ99200018
ER
PT J
AU WEICKMANN, KM
SARDESHMUKH, PD
AF WEICKMANN, KM
SARDESHMUKH, PD
TI THE ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM CYCLE-ASSOCIATED WITH A MADDEN-JULIAN
OSCILLATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LENGTH; BALANCE; EARTH; MODEL
AB The period 1 December 1984 to 3 February 1985 was associated with strong intraseasonal fluctuations in both the global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and tropical convection. Consistent changes were observed in the length of day. The AAM budget for the 65-day period is examined here using circulation data from the National Meteorological Center. Surprisingly well-balanced global and zonal budgets are obtained for the vertically integrated AAM. This enables a closer examination of regional changes, to assess how they might be responsible for the changes in the global AAM.
Both friction and mountain torques are important in the global AAM budget. The increase of AAM is associated first with a positive friction torque, then with a positive mountain torque. The subsequent decrease of AAM results from a negative friction torque. The accompanying regional changes are mostly confined to the Northern Hemisphere, with high global AAM associated with a stronger and southward-displaced subtropical jet In the zonal budget meridional AAM fluxes by the zonally asymmetric eddies are important and appear to lead the torques by a few days.
The increase of AAM begins with a shift of the tropical convection from the east Indian to the west Pacific Ocean. The consequent enhancement of the trades east of the Philippines gives a positive friction torque. The friction torque also has a contribution from enhanced trades over Central America and the tropical Atlantic Ocean, which appear to be linked to an equatorward propagating upper-tropospheric wave over the region. A persistent high pressure anomaly subsequently develops to the east of the Himalayas, giving a positive mountain torque. The global AAM rises in response to these torques, but as the circumpolar vortex expands the trades are weakened, causing a negative friction torque and the final reduction of the AAM.
Interestingly, no coherent signals are seen in the weak zonal-mean convection anomalies accompanying these AAM changes. Rather, the AAM budget suggests that the tropical Madden-Julian oscillation and the global AAM are linked through the interaction of Rossby waves generated by the tropical heating with a zonally varying ambient how and with mountains. The surface stresses have both a local component related to the convection and a remote component induced by upper-tropospheric AAM fluxes.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NOAA,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO.
NR 22
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 21
BP 3194
EP 3208
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<3194:TAAMCA>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PQ837
UT WOS:A1994PQ83700007
ER
PT J
AU MOFFAT, TP
AF MOFFAT, TP
TI ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NI1-XALX IN A CHLOROALUMINATE MELT
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PHASE FORMATION; DIFFUSION CONTROLLED GROWTH;
GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE; 3-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEATION; MICROSCOPIC METHODS;
ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEPOSITION; SYSTEM; VOLTAMMETRY; EQUILIBRIA
AB The formation of Ni1-xAl(x) from a molten 2 AlCl3-NaCl electrolyte containing up to 0.17 mol/liter Ni(II) has been investigated using a variety of electrochemical techniques. The standard reversible potential for Ni/Ni(II) is found to be in the range of 0.86 to 0.93 V (vs. Al). In a nickel-free electrolyte aluminum deposition on tungsten occurs via instantaneous nucleation upon an upd aluminum layer. In contrast, bulk nickel deposition occurs by progressive formation and diffusion-limited growth of three-dimensional nuclei. The number of nickel atoms forming a critical nuclei, n(c), is dependent on overpotential. At potentials below 0.750 V, n(c) = 0 with the active sites on the electrode playing the role of critical nuclei. These sites are occupied according to first-order kinetics. At potentials above 0.7 V compact nickel deposits are obtained. As the potential is decreased below 0.6 V Ni1-xAl(x) formation occurs. Between 0.6 and 0.0 V alloy composition is a function of potential. The rate of the aluminum partial reaction is first order in the Ni(II) concentration which makes alloy composition independent of Ni(II) concentration over the range investigated. Separate experiments demonstrate that aluminum underpotential deposition (upd) on nickel occurs in this potential regime. Thus, alloy formation may be envisioned as aluminum upd proceeding simultaneously with diffusion-limited nickel deposition. The upd reaction occurs rapidly such that the alloy composition is determined by the free energy of alloy formation. When the potential is decreased below the reversible potential of aluminum, 0.0 V, phase formation is complicated by a competition between alloy formation and overpotential driven kinetics of aluminum deposition.
RP MOFFAT, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 57
TC 71
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 141
IS 11
BP 3059
EP 3070
DI 10.1149/1.2059279
PG 12
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA PQ524
UT WOS:A1994PQ52400025
ER
PT J
AU SCHNEIR, J
MCWAID, TH
ALEXANDER, J
WILFLEY, BP
AF SCHNEIR, J
MCWAID, TH
ALEXANDER, J
WILFLEY, BP
TI DESIGN OF AN ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE WITH INTERFEROMETRIC POSITION
CONTROL
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 38th International Symposium on Electron, Ion and Photon Beams
CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1994
CL NEW ORLEANS, LA
SP AMER VACUUM SOC, IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICE SOC, OPT SOC AMER
ID METROLOGY
C1 PARK SCI INSTRUMENTS,SUNNYVALE,CA 94089.
RP SCHNEIR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Alexander, John/E-2220-2014
OI Alexander, John/0000-0002-4257-5799
NR 9
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-211X
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 12
IS 6
BP 3561
EP 3566
DI 10.1116/1.587471
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA PY133
UT WOS:A1994PY13300091
ER
PT J
AU CHAPEL, JP
AF CHAPEL, JP
TI ELECTROLYTE SPECIES-DEPENDENT HYDRATION FORCES BETWEEN SILICA SURFACES
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID MICA SURFACES; DOUBLE-LAYER; MICROSCOPE; DLVO
AB Force measurements between two pyrogenic silica sheets immersed in a series of monovalent electrolytes (CsCl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl) were performed using a surface force apparatus (SFA). For each species, a shortrange repulsive hydration force prevented any adhesion of the surfaces. The data were fitted using a charge regulation model of the double-layer repulsion by solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation numerically, together with the full Lifshitz calculation of the van der Waals attraction. The hydration force was obtained by subtracting these calculated forces from the data. The results showed that the strength and the range of the hydration force decrease with increasing the degree of hydration of the counterion. This is opposite to the behavior of mica for which adsorbed counterions have been reported to generate a hydration repulsion. The effects of counterions on hydration forces, weakening for silica and enhancing for mica, show that the origin of the short-range interaction is not unique.
C1 NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
OI Chapel, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-1988-1288
NR 27
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 11
BP 4237
EP 4243
DI 10.1021/la00023a053
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA PT251
UT WOS:A1994PT25100053
ER
PT J
AU VANZANTEN, JH
AF VANZANTEN, JH
TI UNILAMELLAR VESICLE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS DETERMINED BY ZIMMS
LIGHT-SCATTERING TECHNIQUE
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Note
ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; LIPID VESICLES
RP VANZANTEN, JH (reprint author), NIST, DIV POLYMERS, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 11
BP 4391
EP 4393
DI 10.1021/la00023a076
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA PT251
UT WOS:A1994PT25100076
ER
PT J
AU PETERSON, WT
KIMMERER, WJ
AF PETERSON, WT
KIMMERER, WJ
TI PROCESSES CONTROLLING RECRUITMENT OF THE MARINE CALANOID COPEPOD
TEMORA-LONGICORNIS IN LONG-ISLAND SOUND - EGG-PRODUCTION, EGG MORTALITY,
AND COHORT SURVIVAL RATES
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; SUMMER DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-SEA; POPULATIONS;
FECUNDITY; IMPACT; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH
AB Three phytoplankton blooms were observed during our 6-month study period and each resulted in increased rates of egg production (EPR) by female Temora longicornis. An EPR of 50 eggs female(-1) d(-1) was observed during the first bloom (spring bloom, March). The maximum EPR observed during the other blooms (May and July) was 20 and 30 eggs female(-1) d(-1). At all other times the EPR was nearly zero. Each pulse in egg production initiated a distinct cohort. Survivorship from egg to adult was low: 3% for the first cohort and 0.8% for the second. The third cohort did not reach maturity. Mortality was highest in the egg stage-only 10% of the eggs produced survived to first nauplius. Rates of egg mortality were positively correlated with clearance rates of T. longicornis, suggesting cannibalism as a cause of high mortality. However, the clearance rates required would be similar to 34-fold too high, suggesting a different density-dependent factor, such as disease, viruses, ecto-parasitism or consumption by dinoflagellates. Advection and resting egg production do not appear to explain high rates of egg loss.
C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,ROMBERG TIBURON CTR,TIBURON,CA.
BIOSYST ANAL INC,TIBURON,CA 94920.
RP PETERSON, WT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,F-RE3,1335 E WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 43
TC 100
Z9 105
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 7
BP 1594
EP 1605
PG 12
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA PZ967
UT WOS:A1994PZ96700009
ER
PT J
AU DESLATTES, RD
AF DESLATTES, RD
TI EARLY HISTORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK FOR THE X-RAY CRYSTAL DENSITY METHOD
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on the Avogadro Constant and the Representation
of the Silicon Mole
CY MAR 09-10, 1994
CL TURIN, ITALY
SP CNR, UNIV TURIN, REG PIEMONTE, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DG XII
ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT
AB It is useful to recall that the (late nineteenth-century) Baltimore Lectures of Lord Kelvin indicated that the Likely sizes of atomic particles spanned almost two decades. Yet in the early years of the present century, Sir William Bragg's ansatz, together with the oil-drop e, gave the first reliable estimate of the scale of crystal interplanar spacings. The converse process of using an XRCD approach to obtain a value for the Avogadro constant was, prior to the advent of x-ray interferometry, limited by the need to connect optical and x-ray wavelengths before using the latter to estimate unit cell dimensions in crystals. Other limitations of these early measurements included the use of water as a density standard and the assignment of molar masses to individual specimens based on geochemical abundance averages. All these difficulties were overcome, in principle, with the application of x-ray/optical interferometry to the determination of lattice periods, the use of solid object density standards, and the determination of densities and isotopic abundances on individual monocrystalline specimens. While the present-day situation is addressed in other contributions to this workshop, the present essay attempts to place some of the early work in context and to look also to the future.
RP DESLATTES, RD (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 56
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES
PI SEVRES CEDEX
PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 31
IS 3
BP 173
EP 179
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/31/3/003
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QD100
UT WOS:A1994QD10000006
ER
PT J
AU TAYLOR, BN
AF TAYLOR, BN
TI DETERMINING THE AVOGADRO CONSTANT FROM ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on the Avogadro Constant and the Representation
of the Silicon Mole
CY MAR 09-10, 1994
CL TURIN, ITALY
SP CNR, UNIV TURIN, REG PIEMONTE, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DG XII
ID MAGNETIC-FLUX QUANTUM; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; QUANTIZED HALL
RESISTANCE; LEVITATION-SYSTEM; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; RYDBERG CONSTANT;
ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; VOLTAGE BALANCE; SI UNITS; MASS
AB It is now possible to obtain indirect values of the Avogadro constant N-A having comparatively small combined standard uncertainties by appropriately combining the values of a number of other fundamental physical constants. These constants, whose values in several important cases can be obtained from electrical measurements, include the Rydberg, fine-structure, Josephson, von Klitzing, Planck, and Faraday constants, the molar mass of the proton, the proton-electron mass ratio, and the shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio. This paper gives the expressions that relate N-A to these other fundamental constants and the values of N-A that can be obtained from these expressions using the currently available data. It also briefly discusses the prospects of obtaining an indirect value of N-A with a combined standard uncertainty that is small enough to allow the redefinition of the kilogram.
RP TAYLOR, BN (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,BLDG 245,RM C229,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 64
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES
PI SEVRES CEDEX
PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 31
IS 3
BP 181
EP 194
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/31/3/004
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA QD100
UT WOS:A1994QD10000007
ER
PT J
AU MADDOX, RA
BEZDEK, HF
AF MADDOX, RA
BEZDEK, HF
TI SURFACE WIND PRESSURE-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CENTRAL FLORIDA
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Note
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PREDICTION; SEA
AB An extended series of surface observations is used to compare observed surface winds with winds computed using the geostrophic relationship. These computations are done for both steady and unsteady wind regimes. Large differences are found in the comparisons of observed to computed winds. The differences exhibit pronounced seasonal and diurnal variability that appear to reflect both boundary layer stability and small-scale wind and pressure fields-for example, those attending land-sea breezes and thunderstorms.
The results of this study may be useful to those engaged in studying global datasets and to modelers, who are continually challenged to improve the treatment of parameterization of turbulent processes. However, it is not obvious that any simple parameterization can be applied to obtain an accurate estimate of the surface wind in central Florida, given only the large-scale pressure gradient or a model-predicted wind above the surface as input. The use of the pressure field to estimate surface winds is an uncertain exercise at best.
C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149.
RP MADDOX, RA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 11
BP 2596
EP 2602
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2596:SWPGRI>2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PM969
UT WOS:A1994PM96900012
ER
PT J
AU ZAMORA, RJ
WEBER, BL
WELSH, DC
AF ZAMORA, RJ
WEBER, BL
WELSH, DC
TI THE ACCURACY OF DIVERGENCE ESTIMATES CALCULATED USING THE LINEAR VECTOR
POINT FUNCTION-METHOD AND 3 PROFILERS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Note
ID FIELD
AB The effects of spatial, combined spatial and temporal sampling errors, and wind measurement errors on profiler-derived divergence estimates computed using the linear vector point function method are examined. Analysis indicates that divergence errors are minimized when the ratio between the spacing of the profilers and the sampled wavelength (DELTAx/L(x)) is between 0.15 and 0.24 and the ratio between the profiler sampling time to the timescale of the weather system (DELTAt/T) is less than 0.055.
When DELTAx/L(x) less-than-or-equal-to 0.24, synoptic-scale divergence smaller than +/- 1.0 x 10(-5) s-1 cannot be measured, because the error in the profiler wind estimates is larger than the horizontal velocity gradients. The expected errors in divergence calculations given typical profiler spatial and temporal sampling strategies are examined.
RP ZAMORA, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 11
BP 2603
EP 2606
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2603:TAODEC>2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PM969
UT WOS:A1994PM96900013
ER
PT J
AU MOLES, A
RICE, S
NORCROSS, BL
AF MOLES, A
RICE, S
NORCROSS, BL
TI NON-AVOIDANCE OF HYDROCARBON LADEN SEDIMENTS BY JUVENILE FLATFISHES
SO NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology
CY SEP 30-OCT 06, 1993
CL NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES, TEXEL, NETHERLANDS
SP COMMODITY BOARD FISH & FISHERY PROD, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITY, NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES, NETHERLANDS INST FISHERY RES, N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ART & SCI
HO NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES
ID EXPERIMENTALLY OILED SEDIMENTS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; SOLE
PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; CRUDE-OIL; ENGLISH SOLE; BURYING ABILITY; GRAIN-SIZE;
FLOUNDER; GROWTH; SELECTION
AB Behavioural tests were used to determine whether juvenile flatfishes were capable of detecting and avoiding sediment containing various concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. Three species of juvenile Alaskan flatfishes: rock sole (Pleuronectes bilineatus), yellowfin sole (P. asper), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) were tested in laboratory chambers containing contaminated mud or sand offered in combination with clean mud, sand or granule. The flatfishes were able to detect and avoid heavily oiled (2%) sediment, but they did not avoid lower concentrations of oiled sediment (0.05%). Oiled sediment was favoured over unoiled sediment if the unoiled sediment was of the grain size not preferred by that species. Oiled sand or mud was always preferred over unoiled granule. The observed lack of avoidance at concentrations likely to occur in the environment may lead to long-term exposure to contaminated sediment following a spill. Recruitment of juveniles may be affected if the exposure to oil is long enough to affect growth and survival.
C1 UNIV ALASKA,INST MARINE SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775.
RP MOLES, A (reprint author), NOAA,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA.
NR 38
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES
PI TEXEL
PA PO BOX 59 1790 AB DEN BURG, TEXEL, NETHERLANDS
SN 0077-7579
J9 NETH J SEA RES
JI Neth. J. Sea Res.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 3-4
BP 361
EP 367
DI 10.1016/0077-7579(94)90013-2
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB179
UT WOS:A1994QB17900013
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, SW
THEDINGA, JF
FELDHAUSEN, AS
AF JOHNSON, SW
THEDINGA, JF
FELDHAUSEN, AS
TI JUVENILE SALMONID DENSITIES AND HABITAT USE IN THE MAIN-STEM SITUK
RIVER, ALASKA, AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF GLACIAL FLOODING
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Densities and habitat use of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), steelhead (O. mykiss), and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) were determined in the main-stem Situk River, Alaska. Three habitat types (channel edges, willow edges, and debris pools) were sampled at two downstream sites (lower river) and at two upstream sites (upper river) biweekly from May to September and once in November 1989. For most species, fry (age 0) most often used channel edges with little cover, whereas parr (age greater-than-or-equal-to 1) almost exclusively occupied willow edges and debris pools. Within the same habitat types, densities were significantly greater for most species and life-history stages in the upper than in the lower river; steelhead parr, with densities similar in like habitats in the upper and lower river, were a notable exception. Peak fry densities (fish/100 m2) were 2,331 coho, 155 steelhead, and 14 sockeye, whereas peak parr densities were 281 coho, 82 steelhead, and 44 Dolly Varden. Mean length of fry and parr of all species was greater in the lower river than in the upper river. With baseline information from this study, fisheries managers can identify strategies to restore fish and habitat that could be impacted by flooding in the Situk River. Hubbard Glacier is expected to advance and dam Russell Fiord by the year 2000, and overflow from the fiord will flood the Situk River, drastically altering fish rearing habitat.
RP JOHNSON, SW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS
PI PULLMAN
PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 68
IS 4
BP 284
EP 293
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QD110
UT WOS:A1994QD11000008
ER
PT J
AU MA, LS
JUNGNER, P
YE, J
HALL, JL
AF MA, LS
JUNGNER, P
YE, J
HALL, JL
TI DELIVERING THE SAME OPTICAL FREQUENCY AT 2 PLACES - ACCURATE
CANCELLATION OF PHASE NOISE INTRODUCED BY AN OPTICAL-FIBER OR OTHER
TIME-VARYING PATH
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN-MASER
AB Although a single-mode optical fiber is a convenient and efficient interface/connecting medium, it introduces phase-noise modulation, which corrupts high-precision frequency-based applications by broadening the spectrum toward the kilohertz domain. We describe a simple double-pass fiber noise measurement and control system, which is demonstrated to provide millihertz accuracy of noise cancellation.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
E CHINA NORMAL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA.
UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PHYS,ACCELERATOR LAB,HELSINKI,FINLAND.
RP MA, LS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
NR 7
TC 213
Z9 222
U1 1
U2 14
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 21
BP 1777
EP 1779
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001777
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PN868
UT WOS:A1994PN86800035
PM 19855652
ER
PT J
AU SLAUGHTER, JM
MEDOWER, BS
WATTS, RN
TARRIO, C
LUCATORTO, TB
FALCO, CM
AF SLAUGHTER, JM
MEDOWER, BS
WATTS, RN
TARRIO, C
LUCATORTO, TB
FALCO, CM
TI SI/B4C NARROW-BANDPASS MIRRORS FOR THE EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAYS; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; OXIDE
AB We report the results of extreme-ultraviolet reflectance measurements and structural characterization of multilayer mirrors made by sequential sputter deposition of Si and BIC. Compared with Si/Mo multilayers, Si/B4C have a much narrower bandpass (delta lambda) and better off-peak rejection but lower peak reflectance (Re). Mirrors with three different designs gave the following results: R(0) = 0.275 and delta lambda = 0.31 nm at 13.1 nm and normal incidence; R(0) = 0.34 and delta lambda = 1.1 nm at 18.2 nm and 45 degrees; and R(0) = 0.30 and delta lambda = 2.0 nm at 23.6 nm and 45 degrees. These multilayers exhibited excellent stability on annealing at temperatures up to 600 degrees C.
C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721.
NIST,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SLAUGHTER, JM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA.
NR 15
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 21
BP 1786
EP 1788
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001786
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PN868
UT WOS:A1994PN86800038
PM 19855655
ER
PT J
AU THOMSON, R
CARLSSON, AE
AF THOMSON, R
CARLSSON, AE
TI INTRINSIC DUCTILITY CRITERION FOR MATERIALS
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISLOCATION
AB This paper explores the intrinsic ductility criterion for materials on the basis of two simple models of dislocation emission from a crack in the blunting configuration. Recently, Zhou, Carlsson and Thomson (ZCT) reported a new criterion, based on lattice calculations, which, unlike previous descriptions of the criterion, was independent of the intrinsic surface energy. Because both cleavage and emission events produce surface energy, the surface energy cancels out in the ductility criterion, which involves a ratio of the two separate criteria for emission and cleavage. In order to gain confidence in this prediction, we explore here continuum elastic descriptions of the emission process, which are not expected to be sufficiently precise to yield quantitative information, but which one hopes can give insight into the physical basis for, and limits to, the new criterion. The models confirm the predictions of ZCT, but suggest that at lower values of the intrinsic surface energy than explored by ZCT, there exists a regime where the new criterion breaks down, and the ductility criterion reverts to the older predictions.
C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130.
RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENG LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 7
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0141-8610
J9 PHILOS MAG A
JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 70
IS 5
BP 893
EP 903
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA PQ062
UT WOS:A1994PQ06200011
ER
PT J
AU KIM, YK
RUDD, ME
AF KIM, YK
RUDD, ME
TI BINARY-ENCOUNTER-DIPOLE MODEL FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION;
WATER-VAPOR; CHARGED PARTICLES; SINGLE IONIZATION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN;
IONS; BEAM; COLLISIONS
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588.
RP KIM, YK (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 54
TC 503
Z9 506
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP 3954
EP 3967
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3954
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PR435
UT WOS:A1994PR43500054
ER
PT J
AU DU, NY
STARACE, AF
BAO, MQ
AF DU, NY
STARACE, AF
BAO, MQ
TI PHOTODETACHMENT OF THE 2P(2)(P-3(E)) STATE OF H-
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID DOUBLY EXCITED-STATES; H(N = 2); 3-PHOTON DETACHMENT; BOUND-STATE;
EXCITATION; 2-PHOTON; IONIZATION; FIELDS
C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA.
NR 34
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP 4365
EP 4368
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.4365
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PR435
UT WOS:A1994PR43500099
ER
PT J
AU ANDERSON, MH
PETRICH, W
ENSHER, JR
CORNELL, EA
AF ANDERSON, MH
PETRICH, W
ENSHER, JR
CORNELL, EA
TI REDUCTION OF LIGHT-ASSISTED COLLISIONAL LOSS RATE FROM A LOW-PRESSURE
VAPOR-CELL TRAP
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; FORCE; BEHAVIOR
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP ANDERSON, MH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 14
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP R3597
EP R3600
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PR435
UT WOS:A1994PR43500010
ER
PT J
AU YOU, L
LEWENSTEIN, M
COOPER, J
AF YOU, L
LEWENSTEIN, M
COOPER, J
TI LINE-SHAPES FOR LIGHT SCATTERED FROM BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; GAS
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR THEORET PHYS,PL-00668 WARSAW,POLAND.
RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
NR 21
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP R3565
EP R3568
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PR435
UT WOS:A1994PR43500002
ER
PT J
AU ANDIVAHIS, L
BOSTED, PE
LUNG, A
STUART, LM
ALSTER, J
ARNOLD, RG
CHANG, CC
DIETRICH, FS
DODGE, W
GEARHART, R
GOMEZ, J
GRIFFIOEN, KA
HICKS, RS
HYDEWRIGHT, CE
KEPPEL, C
KUHN, SE
LICHTENSTADT, J
MISKIMEN, RA
PETERSON, GA
PETRATOS, GG
ROCK, SE
ROKNI, S
SAKUMOTO, WK
SPENGOS, M
SWARTZ, K
SZALATA, Z
TAO, LH
AF ANDIVAHIS, L
BOSTED, PE
LUNG, A
STUART, LM
ALSTER, J
ARNOLD, RG
CHANG, CC
DIETRICH, FS
DODGE, W
GEARHART, R
GOMEZ, J
GRIFFIOEN, KA
HICKS, RS
HYDEWRIGHT, CE
KEPPEL, C
KUHN, SE
LICHTENSTADT, J
MISKIMEN, RA
PETERSON, GA
PETRATOS, GG
ROCK, SE
ROKNI, S
SAKUMOTO, WK
SPENGOS, M
SWARTZ, K
SZALATA, Z
TAO, LH
TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS OF THE PROTON
FROM Q(2)=1.75 TO 8.83 (GEV/C)(2)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SUPERCONVERGENT DISPERSION-RELATION; EXCLUSIVE
PROCESSES; RESONANCE PHYSICS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QUARK DYNAMICS;
SCALING LAWS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; QCD
AB The proton elastic form factors G(Ep)(Q(2)) and G(Mp)(Q(2)) have been extracted for Q(2) = 1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/c)(2) via a Rosenbluth separation to ep elastic cross section measurements in the angular range 13 degrees less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 90 degrees. The Q(2) range covered more than doubles that of the existing data. For Q(2) < 4 (GeV/c)(2), where the data overlap with previous measurements, the total uncertainties have been reduced to < 14% in G(Ep) and < 1.5% in G(Mp). Results for G(Ep)(Q(2)) are consistent with the dipole fit, G(D)(Q(2)) = (1 + Q(2)/0.71)(-2), while those for G(Mp)(Q(2))/mu(p)G(D)(Q(2)) decrease smoothly from 1.05 to 0.92. Deviations from form factor scaling are observed up to 20%. The ratio Q(2)F(2)/F-1 is observed to approach a constant value for Q(2) > 3 (GeV/c)(2). Comparisons are made to vector meson dominance, dimensional scaling, QCD sum rule, diquark, and constituent quark models, none of which fully characterize all the new data.
C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA.
CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL CTR, NEWPORT NEWS, VA 23606 USA.
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA.
UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA.
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA.
NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA.
UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA.
STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA.
TEL AVIV UNIV, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL.
UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA.
STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA.
RP AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA.
NR 56
TC 272
Z9 272
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0010
EI 2470-0029
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 9
BP 5491
EP 5517
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.5491
PG 27
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA PQ074
UT WOS:A1994PQ07400006
ER
PT J
AU GLOTZER, SC
CONIGLIO, A
AF GLOTZER, SC
CONIGLIO, A
TI SELF-CONSISTENT SOLUTION OF PHASE-SEPARATION WITH COMPETING INTERACTIONS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Note
ID BLOCK COPOLYMERS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PATTERN-FORMATION; KINETICS;
DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MODEL
C1 UNIV NAPLES,DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS,I-80125 NAPLES,ITALY.
RP GLOTZER, SC (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 27
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1063-651X
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP 4241
EP 4244
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.50.4241
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA PV863
UT WOS:A1994PV86300121
ER
PT J
AU TOGGWEILER, JR
AF TOGGWEILER, JR
TI THE OCEANS OVERTURNING CIRCULATION
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Article
RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 14
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 47
IS 11
BP 45
EP 50
DI 10.1063/1.881425
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PR132
UT WOS:A1994PR13200012
ER
PT J
AU REIMANN, C
AF REIMANN, C
TI BALDRIGE EDITORIAL APPLAUDED
SO QUALITY PROGRESS
LA English
DT Letter
RP REIMANN, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MBNQA,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC
PI MILWAUKEE
PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202
SN 0033-524X
J9 QUAL PROG
JI Qual. Prog.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 11
BP 10
EP 10
PG 1
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management;
Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management
Science
GA PQ078
UT WOS:A1994PQ07800010
ER
PT J
AU GUTMAN, GG
IGNATOV, AM
OLSON, S
AF GUTMAN, GG
IGNATOV, AM
OLSON, S
TI TOWARDS BETTER QUALITY OF AVHRR COMPOSITE IMAGES OVER LAND - REDUCTION
OF CLOUD CONTAMINATION
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION; CALIBRATION
AB A procedure for reducing cloud contamination in NOAA/AVHRR composite imagery is proposed and applied to the NOAA global vegetation index data set. The suggested approach is based on thresholding the AVHRR/Channel 4 (11 mu m) brightness temperature. The global spacetime-angle dependent thresholds (monthly, 2 degrees x2 degrees, for 30 degrees-viewing angle bins) are estimated in two steps. First, a clear-sky background for Channel 4, in terms of means and standard deviations, is developed from GVI weekly composite data using their ''greenest'' subsamples. Second, this background is used to estimate the space-time-angle dependent thresholds. Both the size of the ''greenest'' subsample for deriving the climatology and its use for constructing the thresholds are discussed in detail using targets in central United States and Thailand. The approach is generalized further and applied globally. Special attention is devoted to the development of quantitative criteria to estimate the efficiency of both steps and to the improvement resulting from implementation of the proposed procedure of cloud screening.
C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD.
RP GUTMAN, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,ERA 12,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
NR 27
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 2
BP 134
EP 148
DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90040-X
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA PW065
UT WOS:A1994PW06500006
ER
PT J
AU XIAO, QF
CHEN, H
SHAROV, VA
MILDNER, DFR
DOWNING, RG
GAO, N
GIBSON, DM
AF XIAO, QF
CHEN, H
SHAROV, VA
MILDNER, DFR
DOWNING, RG
GAO, N
GIBSON, DM
TI NEUTRON FOCUSING OPTIC FOR SUBMILLIMETER MATERIALS ANALYSIS
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFRACTION APPLICATIONS; GUIDANCE
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP XIAO, QF (reprint author), X-RAY OPT SYST INC,ALBANY,NY 12205, USA.
NR 21
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 11
BP 3399
EP 3402
DI 10.1063/1.1144513
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA PT164
UT WOS:A1994PT16400014
ER
PT J
AU PARNAS, RS
COHEN, Y
AF PARNAS, RS
COHEN, Y
TI A TERMINALLY ANCHORED POLYMER-CHAIN IN SHEAR-FLOW - SELF-CONSISTENT
VELOCITY AND SEGMENT DENSITY PROFILES
SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE ANCHORED BEAD-ROD CHAIN; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; SHEAR FLOW;
SURFACE BOUND POLYMER
ID ADSORBED POLYMER; MONTE-CARLO; HYDRODYNAMIC THICKNESS; KINETIC-THEORY;
DYNAMICS; MODEL; INTERFACE; MACROMOLECULES; CONFORMATION; ADSORPTION
AB The behavior of a terminally anchored freely-jointed bead-rod chain, subjected to solvent shear flow, was investigated via Brownian dynamics simulations. Previous calculations have been improved by computing the segment density and fluid velocity profiles self-consistently. The segment density distributions, components of the radius of gyration, and chain attachment shear and normal stresses were found to be sensitive to low values of shear rate. Additionally, it was found that the thickness of a model polymer layer was a strong function of the shear rate, and that the functional dependence on shear rate changed dramatically as the chain length increased. For the longest chains studied, the thickness of the model polymer layer first increased as the shear rate increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased at high shear rates, in accordance with experimental results in theta solvents. These results suggest that a dilute or semi-dilute layer model may explain hydrodynamic behavior previously thought to be due to the entanglements that occur in dense surface bound polymer layers.
C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT CHEM ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
RP PARNAS, RS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Cohen, Yoram/M-8802-2014
OI Cohen, Yoram/0000-0002-0756-4699
NR 59
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI BERLIN 33
PA C/O SPRINGER-VERLAG, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, 1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY
SN 0035-4511
J9 RHEOL ACTA
JI Rheol. Acta
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 6
BP 485
EP 505
DI 10.1007/BF00366334
PG 21
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA QA229
UT WOS:A1994QA22900002
ER
PT J
AU LUMIA, R
AF LUMIA, R
TI USING NASREM FOR TELEROBOT CONTROL-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
SO ROBOTICA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing (ISRAM)
CY NOV, 1992
CL SANTA FE, NM
DE NASREM; TELEROBOT CONTROL; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM
AB Using a functional architecture such as the NASA/NIST Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) to implement specific applications is helpful because much of the work resides in the infrastructure and the infrastructure is the same for all applications. Rather than recreating this infrastructure, our approach is to develop the additional 20% of the code which tailors the infrastructure for the specific application. This paper describes the process by which a system based on NASREM is developed.
RP LUMIA, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ROBOT SYST,BLDG 220,RM B-127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0263-5747
J9 ROBOTICA
JI Robotica
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 12
BP 505
EP 512
PN 6
PG 8
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA PT555
UT WOS:A1994PT55500004
ER
PT J
AU CHOQUETTE, SJ
LOCASCIOBROWN, L
AF CHOQUETTE, SJ
LOCASCIOBROWN, L
TI THERMAL DETECTION OF ENZYME-LABELED ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES USING
FIBEROPTIC INTERFEROMETRY
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; THERMAL IMMUNOASSAY; FIBER OPTICS; ENZYME
LABEL; ANTIBODY
ID TEMPERATURE; SENSOR
AB A fiber-optic interferometer is described for measuring the heat produced in an enzymatic reaction that is localized on the surface of the sensing fiber in a two-arm interferometer. Reactants are introduced to the sensing arm of the interferometer using a flow injection analysis system, while the reference arm is isolated in a separate compartment. Solution concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are quantified using the enzyme catalase immobilized to the sensing fiber. Catalase is also used as a detectable label in a solid-phase thermal immunosensing scheme. These initial results are presented, as well as a discussion of the potential advantages of using such a sensor for thermal immunoassays.
RP CHOQUETTE, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-4005
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM
JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 2
BP 89
EP 96
DI 10.1016/0925-4005(94)87005-5
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA PX999
UT WOS:A1994PX99900002
ER
PT J
AU ZHANG, NF
POLLARD, JF
AF ZHANG, NF
POLLARD, JF
TI ANALYSIS OF AUTOCORRELATIONS IN DYNAMIC PROCESSES
SO TECHNOMETRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESS; GROSS-ERROR DETECTION; MASS IMBALANCE; MATERIAL
BALANCE MODEL; NODAL IMBALANCE; STATIONARY PROCESS
ID GROSS ERROR-DETECTION; CORRELATED PROCESS DATA; RECONCILIATION
AB Data collected by process information and control systems are almost always correlated due to process dynamics combined with short sampling times. The traditional time series approach for dealing with autocorrelated data has been to model the autocorrelation. This modeling effort is substantially more difficult than simply treating the time series as a sequence of independent data. In this article, we develop and demonstrate a methodology that yields insight into the error introduced by not modeling the autocorrelation of the process data when performing material balances around process equipment. This work shows that in many cases data analysis (e.g., gross-error detection) can be done using the simplified models.
C1 SHELL DEV CO,DEPT STAT,HOUSTON,TX 77251.
RP ZHANG, NF (reprint author), NIST,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 15
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0040-1706
J9 TECHNOMETRICS
JI Technometrics
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 36
IS 4
BP 354
EP 368
DI 10.2307/1269951
PG 15
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA PN113
UT WOS:A1994PN11300003
ER
PT J
AU ADMON, U
DAHAN, I
DARIEL, MP
KIMMEL, G
SARIEL, J
SHTECHMAN, A
YAHAV, B
ZEVIN, L
LASHMORE, DS
AF ADMON, U
DAHAN, I
DARIEL, MP
KIMMEL, G
SARIEL, J
SHTECHMAN, A
YAHAV, B
ZEVIN, L
LASHMORE, DS
TI COPPER GRAIN-GROWTH IN THIN-FILM CU-CR MULTILAYERS
SO THIN SOLID FILMS
LA English
DT Article
DE GRAIN BOUNDARY; GROWTH MECHANISM; MULTILAYERS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION
AB Copper-chromium multilayers with a 25 nm repeat distance were prepared by dual gun sequential magnetron sputtering. The mutual immiscibility of the two elements ensures that no interdiffusion or reaction takes place at the deposition temperature. High temperature X-ray diffraction runs were carried out in the 370-630-degrees-C temperature range, at constant time intervals. At elevated temperature, the Cu(111) reflection showed increasing intensity and decreasing line-width as a function of time. Analysis of the line narrowing as a function of the annealing time and temperature allowed deduction of the activation energy, 0.41 +/- 0.05 eV per atom, associated with the atom mobility involved in the copper grain growth.
C1 NUCL RES CTR NEGEV,IL-84190 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
NATL INST STAND P TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
RP ADMON, U (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT MAT ENGN,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0040-6090
J9 THIN SOLID FILMS
JI Thin Solid Films
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 251
IS 2
BP 105
EP 109
DI 10.1016/0040-6090(94)90673-4
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings &
Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA PN580
UT WOS:A1994PN58000006
ER
PT J
AU PELLA, PA
AF PELLA, PA
TI UNTITLED
SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP PELLA, PA (reprint author), NIST,QUINCE ORCHARD RD,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0049-8246
J9 X-RAY SPECTROM
JI X-Ray Spectrom.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 6
BP 287
EP 287
PG 1
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA QF685
UT WOS:A1994QF68500009
ER
PT J
AU GREENE, BI
SAETA, PN
AF GREENE, BI
SAETA, PN
TI LOW-FREQUENCY LINE-SHAPES IN GUIDED ACOUSTIC-WAVE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; OPTICAL FIBERS
AB Guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) measurements were performed on 20-cm lengths of optical fibers with particular attention focused on the lowest lying resonance. In 125-mu m-diam silica fibers, this resonance was observed to occur at similar to 22 MHz and have a line shape which varied erratically from sample to sample. Significant line shape fluctuations were evident even between sequential samples from the same fiber spool. We speculate that the observed effects are attributable to 0.01-0.1 mu m distributed geometric deviations from a perfect cylinder. (c) 1994 American Institute of Physics.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP GREENE, BI (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,600 MT AVE,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 31
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 18
BP 2269
EP 2271
DI 10.1063/1.112714
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PP717
UT WOS:A1994PP71700009
ER
PT J
AU BALTZER, P
LUNDQVIST, M
WANNBERG, B
KARLSSON, L
LARSSON, M
HAYES, MA
WEST, JB
SIGGEL, MRF
PARR, AC
DEHMER, JL
AF BALTZER, P
LUNDQVIST, M
WANNBERG, B
KARLSSON, L
LARSSON, M
HAYES, MA
WEST, JB
SIGGEL, MRF
PARR, AC
DEHMER, JL
TI INNER-VALENCE STATES OF CO+ BETWEEN 22-EV AND 46-EV STUDIED BY
HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AND AB-INITIO CI CALCULATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE STRUCTURE; PHOTO-IONIZATION; MOLECULES;
SPECTRA; N-2; INTENSITIES; O2
AB Photoionization of the CO molecule and inner-valence states of CO+ between 22 and 45 eV have been studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy using both synchrotron radiation and He II radiation. Vibrational structure has been resolved in many bands up to 45 eV. CASSCF (complete active space self-consistent field) and MRCI (multireference configuration interaction) calculations of potential curves in the 22-30 eV range have been performed and these have been used to predict vibrational levels and Franck-Condon factors. In this energy range three valence states, D 2 Pi, 3(2) Sigma(+) and 3(2) Pi have been identified, and spectroscopic constants have been determined for the first two of these. Above 30 eV, all valence states have been found to be repulsive. In addition to the broad bands expected for these states, several progressions of narrow lines are observed most probably reflecting transitions to Rydberg states.
C1 ROYAL INST TECHNOL,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP BALTZER, P (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT PHYS,BOX 530,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN.
NR 44
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD OCT 28
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 20
BP 4915
EP 4932
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/27/20/011
PG 18
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PQ117
UT WOS:A1994PQ11700011
ER
PT J
AU SANDERS, SC
RUSSEK, SE
CLICKNER, CC
EKIN, JW
AF SANDERS, SC
RUSSEK, SE
CLICKNER, CC
EKIN, JW
TI INSULATING BOUNDARY-LAYER AND MAGNETIC SCATTERING IN YBA2CU3O7-DELTA/AG
INTERFACES OVER A CONTACT RESISTIVITY RANGE OF 10(-8)-10(-3)-OMEGA-CM(2)
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ZERO-BIAS ANOMALIES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS;
POINT-CONTACT; CONDUCTANCE; GAP
AB We have measured interface transport in thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-(delta)/Ag interfaces having resistivities ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-3) Ohm cm(2). Analysis of the interface I-V data indicates that tunneling is the predominant transport mechanism even for the in situ interfaces having contact resistivities of 1-7X10(-8) Ohm cm(2). Zero-bias conductance peaks are also observed for the entire range of interface resistivity. The similarity of the zero-bias conductance peaks among these widely varying interfaces suggests that the low-temperature interface transport is governed by the same mechanism in each case. These conductance peaks are analyzed in the framework of the Appelbaum-Anderson model for tunneling assisted by magnetic scattering from isolated magnetic spins in the interface. (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics.
RP SANDERS, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 24
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 24
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 17
BP 2232
EP 2234
DI 10.1063/1.112773
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PN176
UT WOS:A1994PN17600039
ER
PT J
AU WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
ANDERSON, JG
SALAWITCH, RJ
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, RS
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
TOOHEY, DW
AVALLONE, LM
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
CHAN, KR
WOFSY, SC
AF WENNBERG, PO
COHEN, RC
STIMPFLE, RM
KOPLOW, JP
ANDERSON, JG
SALAWITCH, RJ
FAHEY, DW
WOODBRIDGE, EL
KEIM, ER
GAO, RS
WEBSTER, CR
MAY, RD
TOOHEY, DW
AVALLONE, LM
PROFFITT, MH
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
CHAN, KR
WOFSY, SC
TI REMOVAL OF STRATOSPHERIC O-3 BY RADICALS - IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF OH,
HO2, NO, NO2, CLO, AND BRO
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN
AB Simultaneous in situ measurements of the concentrations of OH, HO2, ClO, BrO, NO, and NO2 demonstrate the predominance of odd-hydrogen and halogen free-radical catalysis in determining the rate of removal of ozone in the lower stratosphere during May 1993. A single catalytic cycle, in which the rate-limiting step is the reaction of HO2 with ozone, accounted for nearly one-half of the total O-3 removal in this region of the atmosphere. Halogen-radical chemistry was responsible for approximately one-third of the photochemical removal of O-3; reactions involving BrO account for one-half of this loss. Catalytic destruction by NO2, which for two decades was considered to be the predominant loss process, accounted for less than 20 percent of the 0(3) removal. The measurements demonstrate quantitatively the coupling that exists between the radical families. The concentrations of HO2 and ClO are inversely correlated with those of NO and NO2. The direct determination of the relative importance of the catalytic loss processes, combined with a demonstration of the reactions linking the hydrogen, halogen, and nitrogen radical concentrations, shows that in the air sampled the rate of O-3 removal was inversely correlated with total NOx loading.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717.
NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP WENNBERG, PO (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,12 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Toohey,
Darin/A-4267-2008; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013;
Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 31
TC 291
Z9 292
U1 3
U2 42
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 21
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5184
BP 398
EP 404
DI 10.1126/science.266.5184.398
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PN272
UT WOS:A1994PN27200024
PM 17816682
ER
PT J
AU ARAV, N
BEGELMAN, MC
AF ARAV, N
BEGELMAN, MC
TI MODELING THE DOUBLE-TROUGH STRUCTURE OBSERVED IN BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE
QSOS USING RADIATIVE ACCELERATION
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE LINE, PROFILES; QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES
AB We present a model explaining the double trough, separated by DELTAupsilon approximately 5900 km s-1, observed in the C IV lambda1549 broad absorption line (BAL) in a number of BALQSOs. The model is based on radiative acceleration of the BAL outflow, and the troughs result from modulations in the radiative force. Specifically, where the strong flux from the Lyalpha lambda1215 broad emission line is redshifted to the frequency of the N v lambda1240 resonance line, in the rest frame of the accelerating N v ions, the acceleration increases and the absorption is reduced. At higher velocities the Lyalpha emission is redshifted out of the resonance and the N v ions experience a. declining flux which causes the second absorption trough. A strongly nonlinear relationship between changes in the flux and the optical depth in the lines is shown to amplify the expected effect. This model produces double troughs for which the shallowest absorption between the two troughs occurs at upsilon congruent-to 5900 km s-1. Indeed, we find that a substantial number of the observed objects show this feature. A prediction of the model is that all BALQSOs that show a double-trough signature will be found to have an intrinsic sharp drop in their spectra shortward of approximately 1200 angstrom.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 12
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 434
IS 2
BP 479
EP 483
DI 10.1086/174748
PN 1
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PL837
UT WOS:A1994PL83700008
ER
PT J
AU SOLOMON, S
GARCIA, RR
RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF SOLOMON, S
GARCIA, RR
RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI ON THE ROLE OF IODINE IN OZONE DEPLETION
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; CLOUD TRANSPORT; METHYL-IODIDE;
AIR; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; GASES
AB Ozone depletions in the lower stratosphere outside of polar regions are difficult to explain using only local chlorine and bromine chemistry. We speculate that iodine chemistry in combination with trends in anthropogenic chlorine and bromine may also be a factor in determining the widespread current depletion of lower stratospheric ozone. We also speculate on a related role for iodine in the sudden springtime surface ozone loss observed in the Arctic.
C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP NOAA, AERON LAB, R E AL8, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 54
TC 333
Z9 341
U1 2
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 20491
EP 20499
DI 10.1029/94JD02028
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900001
ER
PT J
AU TUCK, AF
FAHEY, DW
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
KELLY, KK
HOVDE, SJ
MURPHY, DM
ELKINS, JW
AF TUCK, AF
FAHEY, DW
LOEWENSTEIN, M
PODOLSKE, JR
KELLY, KK
HOVDE, SJ
MURPHY, DM
ELKINS, JW
TI SPREAD OF DENITRIFICATION FROM 1987 ANTARCTIC AND 1988-1989 ARCTIC
STRATOSPHERIC VORTICES
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR VORTEX; OZONE EXPERIMENT; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIRCRAFT
MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WATER-VAPOR; LATE WINTER; OXIDE;
HEMISPHERE; HOLE
AB Vertical profiles of N2O and NOy taken by the ER-2 outside the vortex are used to construct average vertical profiles of F(NOy)= NOy/(A-N2O), where A is the tropospheric content of N2O three years prior to the measurements. The southern hemisphere had less nitrous oxide in the range 400 < theta < 470 K, by up to 25% relative to the northern hemisphere. F(NOy) is the ratio of NOy produced to N2O lost in a stratospheric air mass since entry from the troposphere. The profiles of F(NOy) have the following characteristics: (1) Relative to 1991-1992, a year without denitrification Inside or outside the vortex, the northern hemisphere in 1988-1989 showed denitrification outside the vortex ranging up to 25% and averaging 17% above theta = 425 K. (2) Relative to the northern hemisphere in 1991-1992, the southern hemisphere in 1987 showed denitrification outside the vortex ranging up to 32% and averaging 20% above theta = 400 K. (3) Below theta = 400 K the southern hemisphere showed enhancements of F(NOy) relative to the northern hemisphere in 1991-1992 ranging up to 200% at theta = 375 K, outside the vortex. Corresponding profiles of residual water, R(H2O) = H2O - 2 [1.6 - CH4], are considered and shown to be consistent with those of F(NOy) in the sense that they show deficits outside the Antarctic vortex, which was both dehydrated and denitrified, but not outside the 1988-1989 Arctic vortex, which was denitrified but not dehydrated. R(H2O) is the water content of stratospheric air with the contribution from methane oxidation subtracted. Comparison of F(NOy) and R(H2O) below 400 K outside the Antarctic vortex leads to the suggestion that dehydration in the Antarctic vortex occurs by the sedimentation of ice crystals large enough to fall out of the stratosphere, whereas denitrification occurs mainly on mixed nitric acid-water crystals which evaporate below the base of the vortex at theta = 400 K but above the tropopause.
C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA.
RP TUCK, AF (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 52
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 20573
EP 20583
DI 10.1029/94JD01532
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900008
ER
PT J
AU GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
CICIORA, SJ
PROFFITT, MH
THOMPSON, TL
MCLAUGHLIN, RJ
FAHEY, DW
AF GAO, RS
KEIM, ER
WOODBRIDGE, EL
CICIORA, SJ
PROFFITT, MH
THOMPSON, TL
MCLAUGHLIN, RJ
FAHEY, DW
TI NEW PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM FOR NO2 MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIRCRAFT; CLO;
AEROSOLS; PINATUBO; OXIDES
AB A new system for NO2 detection has been developed for use on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The system converts NO2 to NO using UV photolysis with the NO product subsequently detected with an on-board chemiluminescence detector. The new system is compact, light weight, has high time resolution (similar to 1 s), and is significantly more efficient then some previous designs. Details of the system design and airborne performance are discussed.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP GAO, RS (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, R-E-AL6, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Ciciora,
Steven/I-4916-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 28
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 20673
EP 20681
DI 10.1029/94JD01521
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900015
ER
PT J
AU RANDALL, DA
CESS, RD
BLANCHET, JP
CHALITA, S
COLMAN, R
DAZLICH, DA
DELGENIO, AD
KEUP, E
LACIS, A
LETREUT, H
LIANG, XZ
MCAVANEY, BJ
MAHFOUF, JF
MELESHKO, VP
MORCRETTE, JJ
NORRIS, PM
POTTER, GL
RIKUS, L
ROECKNER, E
ROYER, JF
SCHLESE, U
SHEININ, DA
SOKOLOV, AP
TAYLOR, KE
WETHERALD, RT
YAGAI, I
ZHANG, MH
AF RANDALL, DA
CESS, RD
BLANCHET, JP
CHALITA, S
COLMAN, R
DAZLICH, DA
DELGENIO, AD
KEUP, E
LACIS, A
LETREUT, H
LIANG, XZ
MCAVANEY, BJ
MAHFOUF, JF
MELESHKO, VP
MORCRETTE, JJ
NORRIS, PM
POTTER, GL
RIKUS, L
ROECKNER, E
ROYER, JF
SCHLESE, U
SHEININ, DA
SOKOLOV, AP
TAYLOR, KE
WETHERALD, RT
YAGAI, I
ZHANG, MH
TI ANALYSIS OF SNOW FEEDBACKS IN 14 GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE FEEDBACK; SURFACE ALBEDO; SEA ICE; COVER
AB Snow feedbacks produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models have been analyzed through idealized numerical experiments. Included in the analysis is an investigation of the surface energy budgets of the models. Negative or weak positive snow feedbacks occurred in some of the models, while others produced strong positive snow feedbacks. These feedbacks are due not only to melting snow, but also to increases in boundary temperature, changes in air temperature, changes in water vapor, and changes in cloudiness. As a result, the net response of each model is quite complex. We analyze in detail the responses of one model with a strong positive snow feedback and another with a weak negative snow feedback. Some of the models include a temperature dependence of the snow albedo, and this has significantly affected the results.
C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, INST TERR & PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES, MARINE SCI RES CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA.
CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON, CANADA.
LAB METEOROL DYNAM, PARIS, FRANCE.
BUR METEOROL RES CTR, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA.
NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA.
UNIV HAMBURG, MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, W-2000 HAMBURG 13, GERMANY.
SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA.
CTR NATL RECH METEOROL, METRO FRANCE, F-31057 TOULOUSE, FRANCE.
VOEIKOV MAIN GEOPHYS OBSERV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.
EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS, READING RG2 9AX, BERKS, ENGLAND.
UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, CLIMATE RES GRP, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA.
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA.
PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA.
METEOROL RES INST, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN.
RP RANDALL, DA (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA.
RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Del Genio,
Anthony/D-4663-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Meleshko,
Valentin/D-2157-2016; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012
OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Del Genio,
Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Norris,
Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884
NR 21
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 20757
EP 20771
DI 10.1029/94JD01633
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900021
ER
PT J
AU SOLOMON, S
BURKHOLDER, JB
RAVISHANKARA, AR
GARCIA, RR
AF SOLOMON, S
BURKHOLDER, JB
RAVISHANKARA, AR
GARCIA, RR
TI OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS OF CF3I
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSPORT; CH3I; AIR
AB Laboratory measurements of the infrared and near-ultraviolet absorption characteristics of CF3I (a potentially useful substitute for halons) are presented. Using these data together with a detailed photochemical model, it is shown that the lifetime of this gas in the sunlit atmosphere is less than a day. The chemistry of iodine in the stratosphere is evaluated, and it is shown that any iodine that reaches the stratosphere will be very effective for ozone destruction there. However, the extremely short lifetime of CF3I greatly limits its transport to the stratosphere when released at the surface, especially at midlatitudes, and the total anthropogenic surface release of CF3I is likely to be far less than that of natural iodocarbons such as CH3I on a global basis. It is highly Probable that the steady-state ozone depletion potential (ODP) of CF3I for surface releases is less than 0.008 and more likely below 0.0001. Measured infrared absorption data are also combined with the lifetime to show that the 20-year global warming potential (GWP) of this gas is likely to be very small, less than 5. Therefore this study suggests that neither the ODP nor the GWP of this gas represent significant obstacles to its use as a replacement for halons.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP SOLOMON, S (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 34
TC 127
Z9 131
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 20929
EP 20935
DI 10.1029/94JD01833
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900031
ER
PT J
AU SODEN, BJ
ACKERMAN, SA
STARR, DO
MELFI, SH
FERRARE, RA
AF SODEN, BJ
ACKERMAN, SA
STARR, DO
MELFI, SH
FERRARE, RA
TI COMPARISON OF UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR FROM GOES, RAMAN LIDAR, AND
CROSS-CHAIN LORAN ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AEROSOLS; MOISTURE
AB Observations of upper tropospheric relative humidity obtained from Raman lidar and CLASS sonde instruments obtained during the FIRE Cirrus-II field program are compared with satellite measurements from the GOES 6.7-mu m channel. The 6.7-mu m channel is sensitive to water vapor integrated over a broad layer in the upper troposphere (roughly 500-200 mbar). Instantaneous measurements of the upper tropospheric relative humidity from GOES are shown to agree to within roughly 6% of the nearest lidar observations and 9% of the nearest CLASS observations. The CLASS data exhibit a slight yet systematic dry bias in upper tropospheric humidity, a result which is consistent with previous radiosonde intercomparisons. Temporal stratification of the CLASS data indicates that the magnitude of the bias is dependent upon the time of day, suggesting a solar heating effect in the radiosonde sensor. Using CLASS profiles, the impact of vertical variability in relative humidity upon the GOES upper tropospheric humidity measurements is also examined. The upper tropospheric humidity inferred from the GOES 6.7-mu m channel is demonstrated to agree to within roughly 5% of the relative humidity vertically averaged over the depth of atmosphere to which the 6.7-mu m channel is sensitive. The results of this study encourage the use of satellite measurements in the 6.7-mu m channel to quantitatively describe the distribution and temporal evolution of the upper tropospheric humidity field.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES, MADISON, WI USA.
PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ USA.
NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA.
HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD USA.
RI Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011
OI Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269
NR 22
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D10
BP 21005
EP 21016
DI 10.1029/94JD01721
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN309
UT WOS:A1994PN30900037
ER
PT J
AU MUDD, JL
BAECHTEL, FS
DUEWER, DL
CURRIE, LA
REEDER, DJ
LEIGH, SD
LIU, HK
AF MUDD, JL
BAECHTEL, FS
DUEWER, DL
CURRIE, LA
REEDER, DJ
LEIGH, SD
LIU, HK
TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DNA PROFILING
MEASUREMENTS .1. DATA AND SUMMARY STATISTICS
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZING BANDS; FINGERPRINTS; ERRORS
AB The data obtained during an interlaboratory precision study sponsored by the Technical Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods are summarized. These data are representative of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) autoradiographic measurements using laboratory protocols based upon procedures validated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Measurement reproducibility for a given RFLP fragment is a nonlinear function of the fragment's size, with the logarithm of the sample standard deviation (SD) approximately proportional to fragment size. The least-squares estimate of this relationship for fragments composed of 600 to 11 000 DNA base pairs (bp) is SD = 10.4 x 10((bp/8300)). Among-analyst and among-laboratory differences appear to contribute about equally to the variance in RFLP measurements. Autoradiographic imaging is a relatively small component of the overall variance for fragments less than or equal to 10 000 bp. Currently available data are sufficient to establish reliable tolerances for the expected interlaboratory variation for any given RFLP band size in this size range, assuming that relevant laboratories continue to use RFLP analysis protocols that are within the current ''statistical population'' (i.e., protocols similar to those used by the laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory study). This consistency may best be maintained through appropriate use of Standard Reference Materials, internal quality assurance programs, and external proficiency demonstrations.
C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
FED BUR INVEST ACAD, CTR FORENS SCI RES & TRAINING, DIV LAB, QUANTICO, VA 22135 USA.
NIST, COMP & APPL MATH LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008
NR 34
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 20
BP 3303
EP 3317
DI 10.1021/ac00092a005
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PL230
UT WOS:A1994PL23000008
ER
PT J
AU IRIKURA, KK
FOWLES, EH
BEAUCHAMP, JL
AF IRIKURA, KK
FOWLES, EH
BEAUCHAMP, JL
TI POSTIONIZATION CHEMICAL-SEPARATION - A MASS-SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUE FOR
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; GAS-PHASE; FT-ICR; LASER
ABLATION; OSMIUM; RHENIUM; IONIZATION; METEORITES; CHEMISTRY
AB Mass spectrometric analysis of isotopic mixtures is difficult when isotopes of different elements possess nearly the same mass and cannot be resolved. A new strategy, in which gaseous reagents induce selective ''chemical shifts'' in the mass spectrum, is proposed for resolving such mass interferences. This application of ion-molecule chemistry is demonstrated for the separations of Re-187(+) and Os-187(+) and of Os-186(+) and W-186(+).
C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
LAPORTE RES & DEV,WIDNES WA8 0FE,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND.
RP IRIKURA, KK (reprint author), CALTECH,ARTHUR AMOS NOYES LAB CHEM PHYS,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA.
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 20
BP 3447
EP 3448
DI 10.1021/ac00092a023
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PL230
UT WOS:A1994PL23000026
ER
PT J
AU MUIR, WD
GIORGI, AE
COLEY, TC
AF MUIR, WD
GIORGI, AE
COLEY, TC
TI BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES IN YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON DURING
HATCHERY RESIDENCE AND DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MIGRATION; TEMPERATURE; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT;
SWIMMING STAMINA; BUOYANCY
ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; ANADROMOUS
SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMOLTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE;
SURVIVAL; INDEXES
AB Swimming stamina, buoyancy, and gill Na+ -K+ ATPase activity were measured in yearling spring chinook salmon before and after release from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and Rapid River Hatchery from 1986 to 1988. Behavioral and physiological indices remained constant during the 3 months prior to release in early April. Following release, freeze-branded smolts were sampled at Lower Granite Dam, 118 and 279 km downstream from the respective hatcheries. These smolts exhibited swimming stamina and gill Na+-K+ ATPase levels that were significantly higher than those measured at the time of release. Buoyancy decreased among the same fish (significantly for one group). Migration rates to Lower Granite Dam were slow, but increased as smolts migrated further downstream. Experimental manipulation of water temperatures in the laboratory, using Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery stock, produced smolts with behavioral and physiological responses similar in magnitude to those measured in actively migrating smolts from the Idaho hatcheries. The commonly held premise that, as a result of smoltification, migrating fish exhibit decreased swimming stamina and increased buoyancy during migration, is not supported by this study. Furthermore, the results indicate that the general hatchery population of yearling chinook salmon received insufficient environmental cues necessary for full smolt development, prior to release.
C1 NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
NR 35
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 127
IS 1
BP 69
EP 82
DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90193-7
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA PN661
UT WOS:A1994PN66100008
ER
PT J
AU GOSLING, JT
MCCOMAS, DJ
PHILLIPS, JL
WEISS, LA
PIZZO, VJ
GOLDSTEIN, BE
FORSYTH, RJ
AF GOSLING, JT
MCCOMAS, DJ
PHILLIPS, JL
WEISS, LA
PIZZO, VJ
GOLDSTEIN, BE
FORSYTH, RJ
TI A NEW CLASS OF FORWARD-REVERSE SHOCK PAIRS IN THE SOLAR-WIND
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COROTATING SHOCKS; PIONEER-10
AB A new class of forward-reverse shock pairs in the solar wind has been discovered using Ulysses observations at high heliographic latitudes. These shock pairs are produced by expansion of coronal mass ejections, CMEs, that have internal pressures that are higher than, and speeds that are comparable to, that of the surrounding solar wind plasma. Of six certain CMEs observed poleward of S31-degrees, three have associated shock pairs of this nature. We suggest that high internal CME pressures may exist primarily for events that have high speeds close to the surface of the Sun.
C1 SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA.
NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND.
RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA.
NR 15
TC 98
Z9 98
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 21
BP 2271
EP 2274
DI 10.1029/94GL02245
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PN308
UT WOS:A1994PN30800003
ER
PT J
AU KNUTSON, TR
MANABE, S
AF KNUTSON, TR
MANABE, S
TI IMPACT OF INCREASED CO2 ON SIMULATED ENSO-LIKE PHENOMENA
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; GCM; RESOLUTION;
ATMOSPHERE
AB The impact of a CO2-induced global warming on ENSO-like fluctuations in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM is analyzed using two multi-century experiments. In the 4xCO2 experiment, CO2 increases by a factor of four in the first 140 years and then remains constant at 4xCO2 for another 360 years; in the control experiment, CO2 remains constant at 1xCO2 for 1000 years. The standard deviation of tropical Pacific SST fluctuations (7-degrees-N-7-degrees-S, 173-degrees-E-120-degrees-W; 2 to 15 year timescales) is 24% lower in the 4xCO2 experiment than in the control experiment; for the model's Southern Oscillation Index, a 19% decrease occurs, whereas for central tropical Pacific rainfall, a 3% increase occurs. An important feature of the control simulation is the internally generated modulation of variability on a multi-century timescale, which is comparable in magnitude to the changes occurring with 4xCO2. We conclude that despite an order 5 K warming of the tropical Pacific, and order 50% increase in time-mean atmospheric water vapor under 4xCO2 conditions, ENSO-like SST fluctuations in the coupled model do not intensify, but rather decrease slightly in amplitude.
C1 GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ USA.
NR 18
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 21
BP 2295
EP 2298
DI 10.1029/94GL02152
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PN308
UT WOS:A1994PN30800009
ER
PT J
AU REVERDIN, G
FRANKIGNOUL, C
KESTENARE, E
MCPHADEN, MJ
AF REVERDIN, G
FRANKIGNOUL, C
KESTENARE, E
MCPHADEN, MJ
TI SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN THE SURFACE CURRENTS OF THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO; HEAT-STORAGE;
WIND STRESS; SHIP DRIFT; OCEAN; TRANSPORTS; VELOCITIES
AB Buoy drifts and current meter records between January 1987 and April 1992 are used to investigate the seasonal variability of the equatorial Pacific Ocean currents at a depth of 15 m. The buoy drifts and current meter data are well correlated, and their differences are small, although slightly larger currents may be given by the buoy drifts. The seasonal cycle in the currents is analyzed between 20-degrees-N and 20-degrees-S on a 1-degree-x5-degrees grid using a function-fitting algorithm which somewhat smoothes the zonal structure but retains the meridional structure. The analysis captures a large, zonally coherent seasonal variability of the currents within 15-degrees of the equator, which significantly exceeds the estimated errors that originate from the limited sampling of the interannual, intraseasonal, and higher-frequency fluctuations of the currents. Many features of the new climatology are shared with other analyses of the surface currents in the equatorial Pacific, particularly the timing of the seasonal cycle of the main currents. There are, however, differences in the current velocities that are illustrated by a comparison with the ship drift data, which are analyzed here with the same spatial resolution. The analysis of the ship drifts presents larger meridional scales which are probably the result of the spatial smoothing involved in estimating a ship drift. The ship drifts are noticeably downwind of the 15-m currents. At the equator, they are also more westward than in the analysis of the 15-m currents between November and March near the date line and January and July in the eastern Pacific which at least partially results from differences in the climatic conditions sampled in the two data sets.
C1 UNIV PARIS 06, OCEANOG DYNAM & CLIMATOL LAB, PARIS, FRANCE.
NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
RP REVERDIN, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV, LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV, PALISADES, NY 10964 USA.
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
NR 46
TC 136
Z9 140
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C10
BP 20323
EP 20344
DI 10.1029/94JC01477
PG 22
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PM276
UT WOS:A1994PM27600001
ER
PT J
AU DASARO, E
WALKER, S
BAKER, E
AF DASARO, E
WALKER, S
BAKER, E
TI STRUCTURE OF 2 HYDROTHERMAL MEGAPLUMES
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDITERRANEAN SALT LENS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SOUTH-PACIFIC; WATER; DYNAMICS;
OCEAN
AB The dynamic signatures of two megaplumes above the Juan de Fuca Ridge are analyzed. The chemical properties of these two lenslike masses of water were described by Baker et al. (1989) and clearly indicate that they were generated by massive and rapid ventings of hot hydrothermal fluid from the ridge. Both are nearly circular with radii of about 6.5 km. The isopycnals bow upward around these cores of anomalous water, leading to an anticyclonic circulation. A cyclogeostrophic balance gives maximum currents at the edge of the core of 0.11 m s-1 for the first megaplume (MP1) and 0.07m s-1 for the second megaplume (MP2). Currents extend beyond the core to a radius of 12-15 km. The centers of the cores are in nearly solid body rotation with relative vorticities of -0.5f (MP1) and -0.3f (MP2) and potential vorticity anomalies, expressed in units of equivalent relative vorticity, of -0.8f (MP1) and -0.6f (MP2), where f is the Coriolis frequency. The aspect ratio of each megaplume gives a Burger number of 0.22. In terms of these nondimensional numbers, the megaplumes are very similar to eddies of Mediterranean water found in the eastern Atlantic (meddies), despite their very different origin.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
RP DASARO, E (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL OCEAN & FISHERY SCI,APPL PHYS LAB,1013 NE 40TH ST,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA.
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C10
BP 20361
EP 20373
DI 10.1029/94JC01846
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PM276
UT WOS:A1994PM27600003
ER
PT J
AU XIE, SP
AF XIE, SP
TI OCEANIC RESPONSE TO THE WIND FORCING ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; SIMULATION;
CYCLE
AB A zonally oriented band of warm surface water, centered on 10-degrees-N and collocated with the atmospheric Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), is observed in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. The annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the southern hemisphere, on the other hand, is much lower than that in the warm water band. Such an equatorially asymmetric distribution of SST is considered to be responsible for the persistent stay of the ITCZ in the northern hemisphere. A three-dimensional ocean general circulation model is used to investigate the maintenance of this high SST band. The model is driven by the wind forcing associated with an idealized zonally symmetric ITCZ in the northern hemisphere. Focusing on the effects of the wind forcing, we assume equatorial symmetry in other atmospheric fields. In such a model the equatorially asymmetric distribution of the wind speed, which affects the ocean through evaporation, is found to be the primary cause of the asymmetric SST distribution. The meridional advection of temperature by the ocean currents affects the latitude of the warm water band. The effects of the eastward advection of the warm western Pacific water by the North Equatorial Countercurrent and of the coastal upwelling along the South American coast are also examined.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009
OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325
NR 36
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C10
BP 20393
EP 20402
DI 10.1029/94JC01653
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PM276
UT WOS:A1994PM27600006
ER
PT J
AU KIM, S
LEDBETTER, H
LI, YY
AF KIM, S
LEDBETTER, H
LI, YY
TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF 4 FE-CR-NI-MN ALLOYS
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-METALS; STAINLESS-STEEL; NITROGEN; CARBON
AB Using ultrasonic methods, the complete polycrystalline elastic constants of four Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn alloys were measured. Combining these results with those reported previously for five similar alloys, the focus was on the alloying effects of chromium, nickel, and manganese. The alloys contained 16 to 23 at % chromium, 7 to 28 at % nickel, and 0 to 13 at % manganese. Only manganese produced regular effects, consistent with volume changes. Both chromium and nickel produced surprising increases in the bulk modulus and equally surprising decreases in the shear modulus. It is hypothesized that changing the bonding electrons from a d-character to an s-character explains such irregularities. The measurements were examined with Ducastelle's model, which contains two terms: a band-structure term and a repulsive-energy term.
C1 ACAD SINICA,INST MET RES,SHENYANG 110015,PEOPLES R CHINA.
RP KIM, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INST MAT SCI & ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 9
PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 20
BP 5462
EP 5466
DI 10.1007/BF01171562
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA PP298
UT WOS:A1994PP29800031
ER
PT J
AU PIERCE, RB
GROSE, WL
RUSSELL, JM
TUCK, AF
SWINBANK, R
ONEILL, A
AF PIERCE, RB
GROSE, WL
RUSSELL, JM
TUCK, AF
SWINBANK, R
ONEILL, A
TI SPRING DEHYDRATION IN THE ANTARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC VORTEX OBSERVED BY
HALOE
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
AB The distribution of dehydrated air in the middle and lower stratosphere during the 1992 Southern Hemisphere spring is investigated using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) observations and trajectory techniques. Comparisons between previously published Version 9 and the improved Version 16 retrievals on the 700-K isentropic surface show very slight (0.05 ppmv) increases in Version 16 CH4 relative to Version 9 within the polar vortex. Version 16 H2O mixing ratios show a reduction of 0.5 ppmv relative to Version 9 within the polar night jet and a reduction of nearly 1.0 ppmv in middle latitudes when compared to Version 9. The Version 16 HALOE retrievals show low mixing ratios of total hydrogen (2CH4 + H2O) within the polar vortex on both 700 and 425 K isentropic surfaces relative to typical middle-stratospheric 2CH4 + H2O mixing ratios. The low 2CH4 + H2O mixing ratios are associated with dehydration. Slight reductions in total hydrogen, relative to typical middle-stratospheric values, are found at these levels throughout the Southern Hemisphere during this period. Trajectory calculations show that middle-latitude air masses are composed of a mixture of air from within the polar night jet and air from middle latitudes. A strong kinematic barrier to large-scale exchange is found on the poleward flank of the polar night jet at 700 K. A much weaker kinematic barrier is found at 425 K. The impact of the finite tangent pathlength of the HALOE measurements is investigated using an idealized tracer distribution. This experiment suggests that HALOE should be able to resolve the kinematic barrier, if it exists.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND.
METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL RB12 2SZ,BERKS,ENGLAND.
RP PIERCE, RB (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MS 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA.
RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011
OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Tuck,
Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 20
BP 2931
EP 2941
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2931:SDITAS>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN067
UT WOS:A1994PN06700011
ER
PT J
AU BITHELL, M
GRAY, LJ
HARRIES, JE
RUSSELL, JM
TUCK, AF
AF BITHELL, M
GRAY, LJ
HARRIES, JE
RUSSELL, JM
TUCK, AF
TI SYNOPTIC INTERPRETATION OF MEASUREMENTS FROM HALOE
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; BREAKING PLANETARY-WAVES; ANTARCTIC OZONE
HOLE; TRACER DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; MODEL; DYNAMICS
AB The degree to which the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex is isolated against horizontal (isentropic) mixing is investigated using data from the Halogen Occulation Experiment (HALOE), U.K. Meteorological Office (UKMO) potential vorticity (PV), and contour advection diagnostics. Measurements of methane and water vapor taken by HALOE during a disturbed period in the Southern Hemisphere springtime (21 September - 15 October 1992) are interpreted in light of the prevailing synoptic meteorology. Daily fields of winds and PV are shown to be essential in the interpretation of the data. A climatological high pressure region is responsible for a distorted vortex, and a substantial ''vortex stripping'' event is present, associated with the early stages of vortex breakdown. This leads to significant temporal, zonal, and altitudinal variations in the distribution of tracers. The authors point out the difficulties this presents for the interpretation of solar occultation data, especially with regard to the use of zonal average time series. Longitude-height methane distributions from two days during the period are examined. Both days show substantial variations in abundance around a latitude circle. In particular the authors investigate HALOE measurements at 77-degrees-S on 15 October 1992, which indicate an abundance of methane in the height region 600-2000 K (approximately 30-1 mb) that is more typical of midlatitude air. Similar distributions, observed in the 1991 HALOE data, have previously been interpreted as evidence for the penetration of midlatitude air into the vortex. Gradients of potential vorticity and contour advection diagnostics are employed to examine whether the UKMO winds are consistent with this hypothesis in 1992. Although midlatitude air is able to penetrate poleward of the main jet core by advection processes alone, an essentially intact inner core of vortex air remains, which does not mix to any great extent with air from lower latitudes. The authors show that the high-latitude HALOE abundances that are typical of midlatitude air were observed in a region of extensive filamentation and mixing, rather than within the inner, more isolated, core.
C1 DARESBURY & RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,CHILTON,ENGLAND.
UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON SW7 2AZ,ENGLAND.
NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RI Gray, Lesley/D-3610-2009; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538
NR 41
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 20
BP 2942
EP 2956
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2942:SIOMFH>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN067
UT WOS:A1994PN06700012
ER
PT J
AU WOICIK, JC
FRANKLIN, GE
LIU, C
MARTINEZ, RE
HWONG, IS
BEDZYK, MJ
PATEL, JR
GOLOVCHENKO, JA
AF WOICIK, JC
FRANKLIN, GE
LIU, C
MARTINEZ, RE
HWONG, IS
BEDZYK, MJ
PATEL, JR
GOLOVCHENKO, JA
TI STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF THE SI(111)-ROOT-3-X-ROOT-3-BI SURFACE BY
X-RAY STANDING WAVES AND SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; 2 PHASES; RECONSTRUCTION; SB/SI(111);
SILICON; BI
C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,EVANSTON,IL 60208.
ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
UNIV MUNICH,SEKT PHYS,D-80539 MUNICH,GERMANY.
RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013
NR 18
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 16
BP 12246
EP 12249
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.12246
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PR434
UT WOS:A1994PR43400122
ER
PT J
AU TAKASAKI, N
MURATA, S
SAITOH, M
KOBAYASHI, T
PARK, L
OKADA, N
AF TAKASAKI, N
MURATA, S
SAITOH, M
KOBAYASHI, T
PARK, L
OKADA, N
TI SPECIES-SPECIFIC AMPLIFICATION OF TRANSFER-RNA-DERIVED SHORT
INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE ELEMENTS (SINES) BY RETROPOSITION - A PROCESS OF
PARASITIZATION OF ENTIRE GENOMES DURING THE EVOLUTION OF SALMONIDS
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE RETROPOSON; SALMON; PHYLOGENY
ID ALU FAMILY; SUBFAMILY RELATIONSHIPS; REPEATED SEQUENCES; SUCCESSIVE
WAVES; LINEAGE HISTORY; DNA-SEQUENCE; SOURCE GENES; RNA; PSEUDOGENES;
DIVERGENCE
AB Fourteen members of the Hpa I subfamilies of tRNA-derived SINEs in particular salmonid species were isolated from genomic libraries of chum salmon, kokanee, coho salmon, masu salmon, and steelhead. Alignment of the sequences of these 14 members, together with those of 4 members already published, 3 of which were previously demonstrated to have been amplified specifically in certain lineages, revealed the presence of five subfamilies with particular diagnostic nucleotides. The amplification of members of the same subfamily in different salmonid lineages and the amplification of members of different subfamilies in the same salmonid lineage suggest that multiple dispersed loci were responsible for amplification or, alternatively, that SINEs were transmitted horizontally between species. These two possibilities are not mutually exclusive. Our results also indicate that the Hpa I SINEs in salmonids behave like parasites. The amplification of these SINEs is ongoing and continues to shape the evolution of salmonid genomes.
C1 TOKYO INST TECHNOL,FAC BIOSCI & BIOTECHNOL,MIDORI KU,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 227,JAPAN.
NATL RES INST AQUACULTURE,TAMAKI,MIE 51904,JAPAN.
NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
NR 40
TC 56
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD OCT 11
PY 1994
VL 91
IS 21
BP 10153
EP 10157
DI 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10153
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PM138
UT WOS:A1994PM13800100
PM 7937854
ER
PT J
AU DOUGLAS, JF
FREED, KF
AF DOUGLAS, JF
FREED, KF
TI COMPETITION BETWEEN HYDRODYNAMIC SCREENING (DRAINING) AND
EXCLUDED-VOLUME INTERACTIONS IN AN ISOLATED POLYMER-CHAIN
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Review
ID TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; CONFORMATION-SPACE RENORMALIZATION;
ROTATIONAL FRICTION COEFFICIENTS; SLIPPING BOUNDARY-CONDITION;
MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN MODEL; DILUTE-SOLUTION;
FLEXIBLE POLYMERS; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; STAR POLYMERS
AB A remaining challenge in the theory of polymer solution dynamics is associated with establishing a relation between the macroscopic hydrodynamic properties of polymer solutions and the molecular structure of the polymer and solvent. This problem is unsolved even for the simplest case of polymer solutions at ''infinite dilution''. Recent studies have focused on technical problems such as the ''preaveraging'' approximation, e-expansion truncation errors, and the influence of ternary excluded volume interactions which limit the accuracy of analytic calculations. The present paper examines the role of polymer excluded volume in altering intramolecular hydrodynamic interactions and the possible significance of dynamic chain flexibility on hydrodynamic polymer solution properties. This investigation is aided by analysis of our previous renormalization group (RG) computations and simple exactly solvable models, We also examine experimental trends for the variation of the polymer hydrodynamic interaction with solvent and the variation of the translational friction of small molecules with molecular size.
C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637.
UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637.
RP DOUGLAS, JF (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 138
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD OCT 10
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 21
BP 6088
EP 6099
DI 10.1021/ma00099a022
PG 12
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PM220
UT WOS:A1994PM22000022
ER
PT J
AU MURRAY, JW
BARBER, RT
ROMAN, MR
BACON, MP
FEELY, RA
AF MURRAY, JW
BARBER, RT
ROMAN, MR
BACON, MP
FEELY, RA
TI PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL-CONTROLS ON CARBON CYCLING IN THE EQUATORIAL
PACIFIC
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; FLUXES; SEA;
IRON; PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; AMMONIUM
AB The equatorial Pacific is the largest oceanic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and has been proposed to be a major site of organic carbon export to the deep sea. Study of the chemistry and biology of this area from 170 degrees to 95 degrees W suggests that variability of remote winds in the western Pacific and tropical instability waves are the major factors controlling chemical and biological variability. The reason is that most of the biological production is based on recycled nutrients; only a few of the nutrients transported to the surface by upwelling are taken up by photosynthesis. Biological cycling within the euphotic zone is efficient, and the export of carbon fixed by photosynthesis is small. The fluxes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and particulate organic carbon to the deep sea were about 0.3 gigatons per year, and the production of dissolved organic carbon was about three times as large. The data establish El Nino events as the main source of interannual variability.
C1 DUKE UNIV, MARINE LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA.
UNIV MARYLAND, HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MD 21613 USA.
WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA.
NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
RP MURRAY, JW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH OCEANOG, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA.
RI roman, michael/F-9425-2013;
OI Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964
NR 100
TC 256
Z9 260
U1 6
U2 36
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 7
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5182
BP 58
EP 65
DI 10.1126/science.266.5182.58
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PK582
UT WOS:A1994PK58200025
PM 17814000
ER
PT J
AU LEVITUS, S
ANTONOV, JI
BOYER, TP
AF LEVITUS, S
ANTONOV, JI
BOYER, TP
TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE AT A DEPTH OF 125 METERS IN THE
NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; SEA;
INTERMEDIATE
AB Analyses of historical ocean temperature data at a depth of 125 meters in the North Atlantic Ocean indicate that from 1950 to 1990 the subtropical and subarctic gyres exhibited linear trends that were opposite in phase. In addition, multivariate analyses of yearly mean temperature anomaly fields between 20 degrees N and 70 degrees N in the North Atlantic show a characteristic space-time temperature oscillation from 1947 to 1990. A quasidecadal oscillation, first identified at Ocean Weather Station C, is part of a basin-wide feature. Gyre and basin-scare variations such as these provide the observational basis for climate diagnostic and modeling studies.
C1 STATE HYDROL INST,ST PETERSBURG 199053,RUSSIA.
RP LEVITUS, S (reprint author), NATL OCEANOG DATA CTR,E-OC5,UNIVERSAL BLDG,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA.
NR 26
TC 61
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 7
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5182
BP 96
EP 99
DI 10.1126/science.266.5182.96
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PK582
UT WOS:A1994PK58200030
PM 17814003
ER
PT J
AU KRAUSS, M
JENSEN, JO
HAMEKA, HF
AF KRAUSS, M
JENSEN, JO
HAMEKA, HF
TI ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE OF THE EXCITED-STATES AND PHENOL FLUORESCENCE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AMINO-ACIDS; TYROSINE; FIELD
AB The excitation energies of phenol and the deprotonated anion have been determined at geometries relevant to both the absorption and fluorescence spectra using first-order configuration interaction methods. Optimized geometries were calculated for the ground and first excited singlet and triplet state of both neutral and anion molecules. Solvatochromic shifts are predicted to be very small since the ground and singlet excited state dipole moments are very similar. The fluorescent shift is dominated by the differences in the vertical transition energies at the equilibrium geometries of the ground and excited state. Anion absorption and fluorescence shifts are substantially to the red of those found for the neutral molecule. Ordering and assignment of the tripler valence states of neutral and deprotonated phenol are determined to be different. Experimental observation that anion formation strongly deactivates fluorescence is related to these differences. Coupling of the first excited singlet to its cognate triplet state is suggested as the quenching mechanism in the anion, and the same process occurs more weakly in the neutral species.
C1 USA, EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA.
UNIV PENN, DEPT CHEM, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA.
RP KRAUSS, M (reprint author), NIST, CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA.
NR 19
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD OCT 6
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 40
BP 9955
EP 9959
DI 10.1021/j100091a004
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PK740
UT WOS:A1994PK74000004
ER
PT J
AU ANDREWS, AM
FRASER, GT
PATE, BH
AF ANDREWS, AM
FRASER, GT
PATE, BH
TI OBSERVATION OF TUNNELING SPLITTINGS IN THE 10 MU-M INFRARED-SPECTRA OF
CYCLOPROPYLAMINE AND PROPARGYLAMINE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; TORSIONAL STATE; METHYL AMINE; CONFORMATIONS;
ASSIGNMENT; ETHYLAMINE; TRANS
AB Three vibrational bands for each of the primary amines, cyclopropylamine and propargylamine, have been studied in the 900-1100 cm(-1) region using a 2 MHz resolution (fwhm) electric resonance optothermal molecular beam spectrometer with a microwave sideband CO2 laser. All the observed bands exhibit tunneling doublets with 3:1 relative intensities, indicative of amine proton interchange. No evidence for tunneling splittings has been observed in the ground-state microwave spectra of these molecules, although such splittings have been observed in the microwave spectra of other primary amines. For trans-cyclopropylamine the v(10) and v(23) fundamental bands and the v(13) + v(27) torsional combination band have been observed near 1020, 1045, and 1006 cm(-1), respectively. The J = 0 tunneling splittings for v(10) and v(23) are 3.6(4) and 21.3(4) MHz. These splittings are essentially independent of J and K-a. For v(13) + v(27) the tunneling splittings vary from 923(14) MHz for K-a = 0 to 675(14) MHz for K-a = 4. Because the tunneling gaps in the ground state are unknown, these splittings measure only the difference in tunneling splitting between the ground and excited states. The rotational progressions for the tunneling sublevels of v(10) and v(23) are well characterized by an asymmetric-top Hamiltonian, except for a Coriolis perturbation of the 928 level of ylo The rotational levels for the combination vibration are poorly characterized by an asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian. For transpropargylamine, the vs and v(9) fundamental bands and an unidentified combination band, presumably in Fermi resonance with v(9), have been observed near 1076, 931, and 929 cm(-1) respectively. The J, K-a = 0 tunneling splittings, measuring the difference in tunneling splitting between the ground and excited states, are +748(1) MHz for ys and -404(2) and -350(4) MHz for the Fermi diad, with the splittings for all three bands showing a strong K-a dependence. The origins of the tunneling splittings are discussed.
C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD OCT 6
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 40
BP 9979
EP 9985
DI 10.1021/j100091a008
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PK740
UT WOS:A1994PK74000008
ER
PT J
AU REKHARSKY, MV
SCHWARZ, FP
TEWARI, YB
GOLDBERG, RN
AF REKHARSKY, MV
SCHWARZ, FP
TEWARI, YB
GOLDBERG, RN
TI A THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF THE REACTIONS OF CYCLODEXTRINS WITH PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS, WITH D-PHENYLALANINE AND L-PHENYLALANINE,
AND WITH L-PHENYLALANINEAMIDE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS; BINDING;
TITRATION; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES; 298.15-K; WATER
AB Equilibrium constants and standard molar enthalpies of reaction have been determined by titration calorimetry for the reactions of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, (R)-(+)-2-butanol, (S)-((-))-2-butanol, (+/-)-butanol, (R)-(+)-2-pentanol, (S)-((-))-2-pentanol, (R)-(+)-2-hexanol, (S)-((-))-2-hexanol, (R)-(+)-2-heptanol, (S)-((-))-2-heptanol, D-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, and L-phenylalanineamide with alpha-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin. The standard molar Gibbs energies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar entropies for these reactions correlate well with respect to the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the alcohol and form a series of distinct curves for the different types of alcohols. The results are also discussed in relation to hydrophobic, steric, and charge effects and the exchange reaction for a ligand from alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin. With the exception of the results for the standard molar enthalpies of reaction of the 2-butanols with alpha-cyclodextrin, the results obtained in this study show that, within the indicated uncertainties, there are no differences in any of the thermodynamic quantities for the reactions of these ligands with either alpha- or beta-cyclodextrin due to the change in the location of a hydrogen atom on an optically active carbon atom.
C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
NR 22
TC 91
Z9 92
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD OCT 6
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 40
BP 10282
EP 10288
DI 10.1021/j100091a051
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PK740
UT WOS:A1994PK74000051
ER
PT J
AU MARCASSA, L
MUNIZ, S
DEQUEIROZ, E
ZILIO, S
BAGNATO, V
WEINER, J
JULIENNE, PS
SUOMINEN, KA
AF MARCASSA, L
MUNIZ, S
DEQUEIROZ, E
ZILIO, S
BAGNATO, V
WEINER, J
JULIENNE, PS
SUOMINEN, KA
TI OPTICAL SUPPRESSION OF PHOTOASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION IN A MAGNETOOPTICAL
TRAP
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER MODIFICATION; COLLISIONS; ATOMS
AB We demonstrate suppression of two-color photoassociative ionization in a sodium vapor magneto-optical trap by imposing an auxiliary ''suppressor'' light beam on the ensemble of colliding trapped atoms. We interpret the experimental results in terms of a simple picture in which the suppressor light intercepts incoming reactant particle flux and reroutes it to long-range repulsive states, effectively preventing further approach of the collision pairs.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND.
RP MARCASSA, L (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS & QUIM SAO CARLOS,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL.
RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; zilio, sergio/B-4663-2011; Bagnato,
Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; Muniz, Sergio/G-6426-2012; Marcassa,
Luis/H-3158-2012; Suominen, Kalle-Antti/H-9076-2012; Julienne,
Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Muniz, Sergio/0000-0002-8753-4659; Marcassa, Luis/0000-0003-4047-8984;
Suominen, Kalle-Antti/0000-0002-1091-2893; Julienne,
Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 20
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 3
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 14
BP 1911
EP 1914
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1911
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PJ424
UT WOS:A1994PJ42400010
ER
PT J
AU SMITH, DB
WILLIAMS, DF
FUJITA, A
AF SMITH, DB
WILLIAMS, DF
FUJITA, A
TI SATELLITE MISSIONS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONCEPT OF A GLOBAL
SATELLITE OBSERVATION INFORMATION NETWORK - THE ROLE OF THE
COMMITTEE-ON-EARTH-OBSERVATION-SATELLITES (CEOS)
SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 44th International-Astronautical-Federation Congress: Challenges of
Space for a Better World
CY OCT 16-22, 1993
CL AUSTRIAN SPACE AGCY, GRAZ, AUSTRIA
SP INT ASTRONAUT FEDERAT, INT ACAD ASTRONAUT, INT INST SPACE LAW
HO AUSTRIAN SPACE AGCY
AB The paper traces the development of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) since its November 1990 Plenary: its restructuring to include major intergovernmental user and international scientific organizational affiliates; its focus on data sharing issues and completion of a CEOS resolution guaranteeing global change researchers access to satellite data at the cost of filling a user request; unfolding of a CEOS-associated initiative of the UK Prime Minister reporting to UNCED delegations on the relevance of satellite missions to the study of the global environment; development of a ''Dossier'' providing detailed information on all CEOS agency satellite missions, including sensor specifications, ground systems, standard data products, and other information relevant to users; creation of a permanent CEOS Secretariat; and efforts currently underway to assess the feasibility of a global satellite observation information network. Of particular relevane to developing countries, the paper will discuss CEOS efforts to assure broad user access and to foster acceptance of applications in such important areas as disaster monitoring and mitigation, land cover change, weather forecasting, and long-term climate modeling.
RP SMITH, DB (reprint author), NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0094-5765
J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT
JI Acta Astronaut.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 34
BP 195
EP 203
DI 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90257-7
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA PN203
UT WOS:A1994PN20300022
ER
PT J
AU STOCKE, JT
SHULL, JM
GRANADOS, AE
SACHS, ER
AF STOCKE, JT
SHULL, JM
GRANADOS, AE
SACHS, ER
TI SATELLITE EMISSION FEATURES IN 2 SEYFERT-GALAXIES - NEW EVIDENCE THAT
RADIO-QUIET AGN POSSESS SUBRELATIVISTIC WINDS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BROAD-ABSORPTION-LINE; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; VLA OBSERVATIONS;
NGC-4151; REGIONS; QSOS; UV
AB HST/FOS spectra are presented for three bright Seyfert galaxies including one (PG 1351+64) which possesses blue-displaced absorption features in C IV, Si IV, N V, and Ly alpha (but not in Mg II) similar to those seen at high redshift in the broad-absorption-line (BAL) QSOs. Several features of the absorptions in PG 1351+64, including variability seen in archival IUE data, confirm their similarity to the BAL clouds rather than to the ''associated absorber'' phenomenon which they superficially resemble. In PG 1351+64 ''satellite'' emission lines (called herein E1 and E2) have been detected nearly symmetrically placed at +/-4000 km s(-1) around the Mg II emission line; this velocity is just larger than the most blue-displaced of the BALs, suggesting that these two phenomena are related. The satellite line luminosity, L(E1)approximate to(3x10(41) erg s(-1)) h(75)(-2), requires a cloud emission measure n(e)(2) V-c approximate to(1X10(64) cm(-3)) h(75)(-2) at T approximate to 30 000 K. We believe the Mg II lines are produced by 50-90 km s(-1) shocks driven into dense (similar to 10(6) cm(-3), pre-shock) clouds by the ram pressure of a 0.1. M(circle dot) yr(-1) wind leaving the nucleus at velocity 4000 km s(-1). The detection of satellite lines in Mg II, the detection of the blue-shifted cloud in H alpha and H beta and the nondetection of this cloud in C IV restricts the cloud shocks to velocities upsilon(c) less than or equal to 90 km s(-1) and requires a cloud/wind density contrast greater than or equal to 10(3). In this model, the emitting clouds are located at distances of R(eff)approximate to 10(18-19) cm from the nucleus and are entrained and shock-accelerated to similar to 4000 km s(-1). The possible detection of similar ''satellite'' emission features in the non-BAL Seyfert, Ton 951, suggests that the subrelativistic wind that accelerates BAL clouds is a physical feature of many radio-quiet AGN.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO.
RP STOCKE, JT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 108
IS 4
BP 1178
EP 1185
DI 10.1086/117146
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PJ505
UT WOS:A1994PJ50500005
ER
PT J
AU YAP, WT
AF YAP, WT
TI ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN EQUILIBRIUM - HYDROLYSIS OF
PENICILLIN AND AMPICILLIN
SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE BINDING POLYNOMIALS; REFERENCE REACTION; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT;
PENICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; HYDROLYSIS
AB A general equilibrium model for a class of biochemical reactions was formulated, using the formalism of binding polynomials for the evaluations of the various species. Thermodynamic equilibrium constant was obtained from the observed equilibrium total concentrations of reactants at specified pH and certain ligand concentrations. Results for the hydrolysis of penicillin and ampicillin were analyzed with this equilibrium model. Predicted fractions of hydrolysis products at various pH values were calculated.
RP YAP, WT (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-4622
J9 BIOPHYS CHEM
JI Biophys. Chem.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 52
IS 2
BP 125
EP 130
DI 10.1016/0301-4622(94)00088-3
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry
GA PM196
UT WOS:A1994PM19600004
PM 17020827
ER
PT J
AU RICHARDS, RF
AF RICHARDS, RF
TI STEADY-FLUX MEASUREMENTS OF MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY IN UNSATURATED
POROUS-MEDIA
SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB Measurements of moisture diffusivity in unsaturated porous media using a steady-flux technique are reported. The method involves measuring the one-dimensional moisture content profile produced in a material specimen by a known steady flux of water flowing through the specimen. Uncertainties in the measured values of moisture diffusivity are analyzed and limitations on the precision of the technique are discussed. The present steady-flux technique permits specimen moisture content gradients to be controlled to a degree that is not possible with transient methods. thereby providing more precise measurements.
RP RICHARDS, RF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0360-1323
J9 BUILD ENVIRON
JI Build. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 4
BP 531
EP 535
DI 10.1016/0360-1323(94)90012-4
PG 5
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental;
Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA PK680
UT WOS:A1994PK68000012
ER
PT J
AU BURPEE, RW
ABERSON, SD
BLACK, PG
DEMARIA, M
FRANKLIN, JL
GRIFFIN, JS
HOUSTON, SH
KAPLAN, J
LORD, SJ
MARKS, FD
POWELL, MD
WILLOUGHBY, HE
AF BURPEE, RW
ABERSON, SD
BLACK, PG
DEMARIA, M
FRANKLIN, JL
GRIFFIN, JS
HOUSTON, SH
KAPLAN, J
LORD, SJ
MARKS, FD
POWELL, MD
WILLOUGHBY, HE
TI REAL-TIME GUIDANCE PROVIDED BY NOAAS HURRICANE RESEARCH DIVISION TO
FORECASTERS DURING EMILY OF 1993
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; TRACK FORECASTS; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL; LANDFALL;
CENTERS; MODEL; HEAT
AB The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) is NOAA's primary component for research on tropical cyclones. In accomplishing research goals, many staff members have developed analysis procedures and forecast models that not only help improve the understanding of hurricane structure, motion, and intensity change, but also provide operational support for forecasters at the National Hurricane Center (NHC). During the 1993 hurricane season, HRD demonstrated three important real-time capabilities for the first time. These achievements included the successful transmission of a series of color radar reflectivity images from the NOAA research aircraft to NHC, the operational availability of objective mesoscale streamline and isotach analyses of a hurricane surface wind field, and the transition of the experimental dropwindsonde program on the periphery of hurricanes to a technology capable of supporting operational requirements. Examples of these and other real-time capabilities are presented for Hurricane Emily.
C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD.
RP BURPEE, RW (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,ENVIRONM RES LABS,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Aberson,
Sim/C-4891-2013; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014;
Black, Michael/C-3250-2014
OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100;
Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039;
Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888
NR 38
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 10
BP 1765
EP 1783
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1765:RTGPBN>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN886
UT WOS:A1994PN88600001
ER
PT J
AU HELD, IM
SUAREZ, MJ
AF HELD, IM
SUAREZ, MJ
TI A PROPOSAL FOR THE INTERCOMPARISON OF THE DYNAMICAL CORES OF ATMOSPHERIC
GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATION CODES; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS; CLIMATE
AB A benchmark calculation is proposed for evaluating the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models independently of the physical parameterizations. The test focuses on the long-term statistical properties of a fully developed general circulation; thus, it is particularly appropriate for intercomparing the dynamics used in climate models. To illustrate the use of this benchmark, two very different atmospheric dynamical cores-one spectral, one finite difference-are compared. It is found that the long-term statistics produced by the two models are very similar. Selected results from these calculations are presented to initiate the intercomparison.
C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
RP HELD, IM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA.
NR 17
TC 451
Z9 461
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 10
BP 1825
EP 1830
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1825:APFTIO>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN886
UT WOS:A1994PN88600005
ER
PT J
AU ZEVIN, SF
SEITTER, KL
AF ZEVIN, SF
SEITTER, KL
TI RESULTS OF SURVEY OF SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP - DEMOGRAPHICS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
C1 AMER METEOROL SOC,BOSTON,MA.
RP ZEVIN, SF (reprint author), NOAA NATL WEATHER SERV,EASTERN REG,BOHEMIA,NY 11716, USA.
NR 5
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 10
BP 1855
EP 1866
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN886
UT WOS:A1994PN88600013
ER
PT J
AU HABERMANN, RE
CREAMER, F
AF HABERMANN, RE
CREAMER, F
TI CATALOG ERRORS AND THE M8 EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION ALGORITHM
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSISTENCY; MAGNITUDES
AB The goal of earthquake prediction algorithm research efforts is to identify patterns in data that characteristically occur prior to large earthquakes. Most of these algorithms implicitly assume that variations in the data they examine are related to actual changes in physical processes occurring in the Earth. In the case of seismicity data, most of the observed variations are, in fact, related to changes in the system for detecting and reporting earthquakes and not to actual changes in the Earth. We have tested the earthquake prediction algorithm M8 using five different seismicity data sets for the southwest Pacific. We demonstrate that the alarms identified by M8 are strongly dependent on the seismicity catalog used. The alarms occur preferentially during times when magnitudes are relatively high because of systematic errors. These alarms cannot be reasonably interpreted as precursors to earthquakes or any other real change in the Earth without first understanding and correcting the errors in the seismicity catalogs. This study highlights the need for improving the quality of geophysical data, which is presently unsuitable for many studies related to earthquake prediction.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP HABERMANN, RE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 16
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 84
IS 5
BP 1551
EP 1559
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA QW649
UT WOS:A1994QW64900017
ER
PT J
AU JACOBSON, LD
KONNO, ES
PERTIERRA, JP
AF JACOBSON, LD
KONNO, ES
PERTIERRA, JP
TI STATUS OF PACIFIC MACKEREL AND TRENDS IN BIOMASS, 1978-1993
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Estimates from virtual population analysis indicate that Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) biomass increased during 1978-82 to the highest level on record (829,000 short tons), and then declined to less than 100,000 tons by 1993 (estimates for recent years are imprecise). High biomass in early years was due to the strong 1978 and 1980-82 year classes. The declining biomass after 1982 was due to lower recruitment. Current conditions appear similar to those in the mid 1940s, when Pacific mackerel declined after a period of high abundance. Abundance data and biomass indices during recent years were affected by ENSO conditions; more accurate estimates of biomass and assessment of ENSO effects will be possible after environmental conditions return to normal.
Recent catch levels (46,000 and 23,000 tons year-1 during 1992 and 1993) were large relative to biomass, and may have exceeded the target 30% total exploitation rate that is the basis for management in California, The economic condition of the fishery is poor, and resources available for management are at an all-time low because of changing priorities and financial constraints. Landings of Pacific mackerel increased in Mexico during recent years while California landings remained relatively constant, and biomass declined. Thus the future ef the Pacific mackerel stock and fishery are uncertain.
RP JACOBSON, LD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 36
EP 41
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400004
ER
PT J
AU DIZON, AE
LEDUC, CA
LEDUC, RG
AF DIZON, AE
LEDUC, CA
LEDUC, RG
TI INTRASPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHERN RIGHT WHALE DOLPHIN
(LISSODELPHIS-BOREALIS) - THE POWER OF AN ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR
VARIATION FOR DIFFERENTIATING GENETIC STOCKS
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Genetics of the Fauna of the California Current - CalCOFI
Conference
CY NOV 02, 1993
CL LAKE ARROWHEAD, CA
AB The northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis) has experienced very high levels of fishery-induced mortality in international high-seas, large-scale driftnet fisheries, from about 38 degrees N to 46 degrees N, and 171 degrees E to 151 degrees W. Assessing the impact of these mortalities is difficult, however, because of the possible existence of a coastal population off California and the Pacific Northwest that is separate from offshore populations. To obtain quantitative measures of reproductive isolation between putative populations, a portion of the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome was sequenced in 65 geographically dispersed individuals, then analyzed in a nested ANOVA format. No evidence of geographically concordant population structuring was apparent. In addition, a Mantel test, examining pairwise correspondence between geographic and genetic distances among samples, failed to detect any evidence of isolation by distance. Because negative data such as these are often used in management decisions, a power analysis was conducted to determine the probability that a survey of comparable size would yield statistically significant results under a hypothetical but likely level of divergence between ''bona fide'' stocks. The analysis yielded an estimate of the rate of making a type II or beta error of about 10%.
RP DIZON, AE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 61
EP 67
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400008
ER
PT J
AU MOSER, HG
CHARTER, RL
SMITH, PE
LO, NCH
AMBROSE, DA
MEYER, CA
SANDKNOP, EM
WATSON, W
AF MOSER, HG
CHARTER, RL
SMITH, PE
LO, NCH
AMBROSE, DA
MEYER, CA
SANDKNOP, EM
WATSON, W
TI EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF SABLEFISH, ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA, OFF WASHINGTON,
OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA, WITH APPLICATION TO BIOMASS ESTIMATION
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB In January-February 1987 we conducted a cruise over the central California continental slope to sample the eggs and larvae of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Sablefish eggs were taken in 35% of the bongo and MOCNESS nets towed through the entire water column. Discrete depth rows showed that eggs were distributed between 200 and 800 m and were most concentrated between 240 and 480 m. On surveys off Oregon in February-April 1989 (slope region) and in January 1990 (slope region and offshore to ca. 170 n. mi.) we employed oblique bongo tows to sample the entire water column to a maximum depth of 1500 m. The inshore limit of eggs was at about 500 m bottom depth, and they were found seaward to about 150 n. mi. Eggs at the most seaward positive stations were four or five days old, suggesting that they were produced by an offshore segment of the sablefish population and did not represent eggs advected from the continental slope. Estimation of sablefish biomass by the egg production method is possible since we now have a quantitative method for sampling the pelagic eggs and simultaneously recording temperature throughout the tow. For the method to be successfully employed in the northeast Pacific, the sampling pattern would have to extend at least 200 n. mi. offshore, and the survey vessel would have to be capable of operating in the heavy seas encountered during the sablefish spawning season (January-March).
RP MOSER, HG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 144
EP 159
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400017
ER
PT J
AU MACEWICZ, BJ
HUNTER, JR
AF MACEWICZ, BJ
HUNTER, JR
TI FECUNDITY OF SABLEFISH, ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA, FROM OREGON COASTAL WATERS
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB During November-December 1988 and February-March 1989, sablefish females were collected off Oregon's coast. Potential annual fecundity for a 2.5 kg sablefish female (without ovary) was about 276,000 oocytes, or 110 oocytes per gram of weight. The annual stock of oocytes is spawned in three or four batches. The ovaries of sablefish used to estimate potential annual fecundity showed no histological evidence of past spawning. The maturity window for estimating annual fecundity of sablefish was determined to be when the average diameters of advanced-yolked oocytes between 0.74 mm and 1.17 mm. Atretic losses of advanced-yolked oocytes were detected, but they seemed to have little effect on potential annual fecundity of the population. Fifty percent of the females off Oregon's coast (November-December 1988) were sexually mature when they reached 548 mm in fork length.
RP MACEWICZ, BJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 1
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 160
EP 174
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400018
ER
PT J
AU NORTON, JG
CROOKE, SJ
AF NORTON, JG
CROOKE, SJ
TI OCCASIONAL AVAILABILITY OF DOLPHIN, CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS, TO SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA COMMERCIAL PASSENGER FISHING VESSEL ANGLERS - OBSERVATIONS
AND HYPOTHESES
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Records from California-based commercial passenger fishing vessels (CPFV) show that dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus, catch off southern California was more than 8% of the total southern and Baja California CPFV catch in 1983, 1984, 1990, 1992, and 1993. The major portion of the catch is made off northern Baja California, Record catches for southern and Baja California were recorded in 1990 and 1992. Dolphin enter California waters under conditions that include elevated ocean temperatures and increased onshore and poleward coastal ocean transport. Large-scale environmental events, which apparently increase dolphin abundance off southern California, appear related to regional decrease in eastern Pacific high-pressure systems. When the high-pressure system is less intense, there is less southward wind along the coast. Consequently, California Current southward transport and coastal upwelling decrease, and the inshore countercurrent brings anomalously warm water into the Southern California Eight. Local kelp mat cover and local ocean processes are also likely to be important in aggregating dolphin and making them available to CPFV anglers.
RP NORTON, JG (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,PACIFIC FISHERIES ENVIRONM GRP,POB 831,MONTEREY,CA 93942, USA.
NR 0
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 230
EP 239
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400021
ER
PT J
AU LYONS, MLG
SMITH, PE
MOSER, HG
AF LYONS, MLG
SMITH, PE
MOSER, HG
TI COMPARISON OF CROSS-SHELF TRENDS IN ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER
AMPLITUDE AND ZOOPLANKTON DISPLACEMENT VOLUME IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Simultaneous insonification and net sampling of the plankton in a discrete volume of water is the preferred field method for calibrating acoustic devices. The problem with this technique for the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is that the volume insonified is too large for any plankton net. This causes error because of small-scale patchiness. The ADCP may be calibrated over large spatial scales by comparing the cross-shelf gradient in zooplankton volume to the cross-shelf gradient in the ADCP amplitude. We accomplished this by comparing ADCP amplitude data from transects off southern California in spring and summer during 1991 with zooplankton volumes from oblique net tows taken in the same seasons and area during 1991. The cross-shelf trends are similar, showing that measuring zooplankton with ADCP is possible. Although the ADCP may not be accurate for estimating the integrated zooplankton volume, it does describe the vertical distribution of the zooplankton and the scale and intensity of mesoscale patchiness as well as the amount of zooplankton, furnishing information not available from integrated net tows.
RP LYONS, MLG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 240
EP 245
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400022
ER
PT J
AU LO, NCH
AF LO, NCH
TI LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AND POWER OF 2 COMMONLY USED PROCEDURES FOR
COMPARING MEAN-VALUES BASED ON CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Confidence intervals (CIs) are frequently used to compare true means of two populations in the following ways: (A) If two 95% CIs are overlapping, then it can be concluded that the two population means are the same. (B) When only one CI is available, it can be concluded that two means are equal if one sample mean is within the 95% CI of the other mean. But the level of significance (a) of these two procedures does not always equal the intended 5%. The statistical power of these two procedures is unknown. This paper recommends another statistical procedure: (C), which is based on the CI of the difference (d) of two population means: CI(d). In this simulation study, the actual level of significance and the statistical power of these three procedures are computed for equal sample sizes. Statistical distributions considered are normal, Poisson, gamma, and lognormal. The simulation results indicate that the or value is 0.005 averaged over three continuous distributions (for Poisson, it is 0.06) for procedure A; 0.17 for procedure B; and 0.05 for CI(d). Thus, when the true means are indeed different, B is the most powerful procedure, and A is the least powerful procedure.
RP LO, NCH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 0
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 35
BP 246
EP 253
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA QB854
UT WOS:A1994QB85400023
ER
PT J
AU NALEPA, TF
AF NALEPA, TF
TI DECLINE OF NATIVE UNIONID BIVALVES IN LAKE ST CLAIR AFTER INFESTATION BY
THE ZEBRA MUSSEL, DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; MOLLUSK; ERIE; DISPERSAL; BIOMASS;
TISSUE; CARBON
AB To determine impacts of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on bivalves in Lake St. Clair, densities of Unionidae in 1990 and 1992 (after D. polymorpha invasion) were compared with densities in 1986 (before D. polymorpha). Declines in density occurred mainly at sites in the southeastern portion of the lake where unionids were highly infested with D. polymorpha. Unionid densities at highly infested sites declined from 2.4/m(2) in 1986, to 1.8/m(2) in 1990, and to O/m(2) in 1992. Unionid species with light-weight shells that brood larvae over an extended period declined more between 1986 and 1990 than heavy-shelled, short-term brooders. Unionid densities at lightly infested sites located mainly in the northwestern portion of the lake did not decline: mean densities were 1.4/m(2) in 1986, 1.6/m(2) in 1990, and 1.4/m(2) in 1992. While the mean number of D. polymorpha per unionid was <1 at these lightly infested sites in 1990, it increased to 35 by 1999. Given this relatively slow increase in D. polymorpha per unionid in this portion of the lake, continued monitoring of populations should provide a better understanding of the relationship between the extent of infestations and unionid mortality.
RP NALEPA, TF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 39
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 5
U2 15
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2227
EP 2233
DI 10.1139/f94-225
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QK026
UT WOS:A1994QK02600010
ER
PT J
AU SCHLOESSER, DW
NALEPA, TF
AF SCHLOESSER, DW
NALEPA, TF
TI DRAMATIC DECLINE OF UNIONID BIVALVES IN OFFSHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE
ERIE AFTER INFESTATION BY THE ZEBRA MUSSEL, DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NATIVE BIVALVES; GREAT-LAKES; MOLLUSK
AB Unionid bivalves and attached epizoic zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were collected at one index station in 1989, 1990, and 1991 and at 17 stations in 1991 in offshore waters of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Sampling at the index station revealed that the proportion of live unionids declined from 53% in September 1989 to 17% in May-lune 1990 and to 0% in September 1990: this 100% mortality coincided with heavy infestation by zebra mussels. Quantitative sampling with a Ponar grab at the 17 stations in 1991 revealed a widespread and dramatic reduction in unionid populations. In 1982, five unionid species occurred at 35% of the stations at a density of 4/m(2), whereas in 1991, no live unionid species were found. Qualitative sampling with an epibenthic sled at the 17 stations in 1991 yielded only 4 live specimens of 2 species (Amblema plicata plicata and Fusconaia flava) and 187 dead specimens of 10 species. These and other results indicate that unionid populations are being negatively affected by zebra mussels in the Great Lakes. Similar impacts on unionids are expected to occur where zebra mussels become abundant throughout North America.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP SCHLOESSER, DW (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURVEY,GREAT LAKES CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 34
TC 111
Z9 114
U1 5
U2 30
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2234
EP 2242
DI 10.1139/f94-226
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QK026
UT WOS:A1994QK02600011
ER
PT J
AU ROBERTSON, AR
AF ROBERTSON, AR
TI SPECTRALLY SMOOTH REFLECTANCES THAT MATCH
SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
LA English
DT Note
RP ROBERTSON, AR (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 225,ROOM A323,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0361-2317
J9 COLOR RES APPL
JI Color Res. Appl.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 5
BP 395
EP 396
PG 2
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA PK255
UT WOS:A1994PK25500013
ER
PT J
AU CHOI, MY
HAMINS, A
MULHOLLAND, GW
KASHIWAGI, T
AF CHOI, MY
HAMINS, A
MULHOLLAND, GW
KASHIWAGI, T
TI SIMULTANEOUS OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF SOOT VOLUME FRACTION AND TEMPERATURE
IN PREMIXED FLAMES
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
ID REFRACTIVE-INDEXES
AB The performance of a three-wavelength optical probe technique for measuring soot volume fraction and temperature was assessed by conducting experiments in the homogeneous environment of a premixed flame. Using a premixed ethylene/air flame, the temperatures and soot volume fractions (f(va), based on absorption measurements at 633 nm and f(ve), based on emission measurements at 900 nm and 1000 nm) were compared with previously reported results. Although the temperatures and mean soot volume fractions compared favorably, the discrepancy between f(va) and f(ve) prompted new measurements to evaluate the importance of source wavelength on the f(va) measurements, scattering by soot particles, light absorption by ''large'' molecules and the use of different indices of refraction reported in the literature. The experiments on the degree of soot scattering and light absorption by ''large'' molecules indicated that these effects cannot reconcile the observed discrepancy in the soot volume fractions. The measured soot volume fractions were, however, sensitive to the absorption constant and therefore varied significantly when different sets of refractive indices were used. Furthermore, the agreement between f(va) and f(ve) was improved when extinction measurements were performed with longer wavelength light sources. Isokinetic soot sampling experiments were also performed to compare with the optically-measured soot volume fractions. This technique does not rely on the refractive indices of soot and therefore provides an independent measure of the soot volume fraction. The soot volume fractions measured using this technique compared favorably with the optically measured values (calculated using various indices of refraction).
C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 25
TC 47
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 99
IS 1
BP 174
EP 186
DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90088-4
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PH996
UT WOS:A1994PH99600011
ER
PT J
AU HUBER, ML
AF HUBER, ML
TI STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF VAPOR-PRESSURE CORRELATIONS USING SIMULATED
ANNEALING AND THRESHOLD ACCEPTING - APPLICATION TO R134A
SO COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; ALGORITHM
AB This paper reports the use of two methods, simulated annealing (SA) and threshold accepting (TA), to determine a set of optimal terms (the structure) of the vapor pressure correlation for the R134a. The SA algorithm with the Lundy and Mees annealing schedule, and the TA algorithm with the Aarts and VanLaarhoven schedule gave the best performance, based on minimal computational time for a given performance. SA and TA appear to be versatile, powerful and computationally simple methods for determining the structure of empirical correlations of thermophysical property data.
RP HUBER, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83802 325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 19
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0098-1354
J9 COMPUT CHEM ENG
JI Comput. Chem. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 18
IS 10
BP 929
EP 932
DI 10.1016/0098-1354(94)E0031-H
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA PE850
UT WOS:A1994PE85000005
ER
PT J
AU JACOBSON, LD
LO, NCH
BARNES, JT
AF JACOBSON, LD
LO, NCH
BARNES, JT
TI A BIOMASS-BASED ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR NORTHERN ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS-MORDAX
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY-RATES;
ABUNDANCE; STOCK; CATCH; TRENDS; GROWTH; TIME; EGG
AB We developed a relatively simple and parsimonious (SMPAR) biomass dynamics model for estimating abundance of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, off southern California and Baja California, Mexico, during the 1963 to 1991 fishing seasons. The SMPAR model was a compromise between simple surplus production and complex age-structured models. It was designed to give more precise biomass estimates for management of northern anchovy for which there are no age-composition data and only noisy abundance index data. We evaluated consistent bias in biomass and recruitment estimates, bias in recruitment estimates due to log transformation, and retrospective bias. Simple corrections based on bootstrap procedures were used to remove consistent bias and log transformation bias. Retrospective bias was not a significant problem. Results indicate that the SMPAR model estimates stock biomass more reliably than recruitment because abundance indices for northern anchovy contain little information about interannual recruitment variability. Asymptotic variance estimates calculated by inverting the Hessian matrix averaged 20% smaller than variances calculated by bootstrapping. Outliers in abundance data were the biggest source of uncertainty in biomass estimates. Simulation results indicate that our approach could be useful in a variety of situations.
C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,LONG BEACH,CA 90802.
RP JACOBSON, LD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 35
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 711
EP 724
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700005
ER
PT J
AU KENDALL, AW
MATARESE, AC
AF KENDALL, AW
MATARESE, AC
TI STATUS OF EARLY-LIFE HISTORY DESCRIPTIONS OF MARINE TELEOSTS
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SCORPAENIFORMES; ATLANTIC; PISCES; LARVAE; SERRANIDAE; PHYLOGENY;
LATIFRONS; PACIFIC
AB Use of early life history stages of fish in systematic and ecological studies has increased in recent years. It is now recognized that eggs and larvae present a wide array of characters suitable for systematic analysis that are largely independent of adult characters. Fisheries recruitment studies focus on survival of eggs and larvae as the most important factor influencing variations in population abundance. A requisite to these studies is detailed, information on the appearance of fish eggs and larvae in order to identify them in plankton samples, This paper reviews the proportions of fish species for which at least illustrations of eggs and larvae, sufficient to permit their identification in plankton samples, have been published worldwide and by geographic region. Factors which may influence differences in proportion of identifiable eggs and larvae by region are discussed. Factors considered important include species diversity, a history of important commercial fisheries, research emphasis, and interests of individual scientists in various regions. We conclude that although eggs and larvae of most species can now be identified in some regions of the world, there are still gaps in our knowledge that prevent realizing the full potential of ichthyoplankton studies in systematic and fisheries research. Filling these gaps will require continued traditional morphological research as well as application of biochemical genetic and rearing techniques.
RP KENDALL, AW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 61
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 725
EP 736
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700006
ER
PT J
AU MCCABE, GT
TRACY, CA
AF MCCABE, GT
TRACY, CA
TI SPAWNING AND EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF WHITE STURGEON,
ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS, IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
AB Spawning and early life history of white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, were studied in the lower Columbia River downstream from Bonneville Dam from 1988 through 1991. From white sturgeon egg collections, we determined that successful spawning occurred in all four years and that the estimated spawning period each year ranged from 38 to 48 days. The spawning period extended from late April or early May through late June or early July of each year. Spawning occurred primarily in the fast-flowing section of the river downstream from Bonneville Dam, at water temperatures ranging from 10 to 19 degrees C. Freshly fertilized white sturgeon eggs were collected at turbidities ranging from 2.2 to 11.5 nephelometric turbidity units (ntu), near-bottom velocities ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 m/s, mean water column velocities ranging from 1.0 to 2.8 m/s, and depths ranging from 3 to 23 m. Bottom substrate in the river section where freshly fertilized eggs were most abundant was primarily cobble and boulder. White sturgeon larvae were collected from river kilometer (rkm) 45 to rkm 232, suggesting wide dispersal after hatching. Larvae were collected as far downstream as the upper end of the Columbia River estuary, which is a freshwater environment. Young-of-the-year (YOY) white sturgeon were first captured in late June, less than two months after spawning was estimated to have begun. Growth was rapid during the first summer; YOY white sturgeon reached a minimum mean total length of 176 mm and a minimum mean weight of 30 g by the end of September. Young-of-the-year white sturgeon were more abundant in deeper water (mean minimum depth greater than or equal to 12.5 m) of the lower Columbia River. The results indicate that a large area of the lower Columbia River is used by white sturgeon at different life history stages.
C1 WASHINGTON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,COLUMBIA RIVER FISHERIES LAB,BATTLE GROUND,WA 98604,AUSTRALIA.
RP MCCABE, GT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 13
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 760
EP 772
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700009
ER
PT J
AU MULLIN, KD
HOGGARD, W
RODEN, CL
LOHOEFENER, RR
ROGERS, CM
TAGGART, B
AF MULLIN, KD
HOGGARD, W
RODEN, CL
LOHOEFENER, RR
ROGERS, CM
TAGGART, B
TI CETACEANS ON THE UPPER CONTINENTAL-SLOPE IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL
GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; WHALE; HABITATS; STENELLA; DOLPHINS; RECORDS; SHELF
AB Little is known about cetaceans in the oceanic Gulf of Mexico (depths >200 m). From July 1989 to June 1990, we conducted aerial surveys in the oceanic north-central Gulf (long. 87.5 degrees W-90.5 degrees W) with the following objectives: 1) to determine which cetacean species were present; 2) to document temporal and spatial distribution for each species; and 3) to estimate relative abundance for each species. We surveyed a total of 20,593 transect km and sighted at least 18 species. Of 278 identified herds (6,084 animals), 94% of the herds and 98% of the animals represented seven species or species groups: Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus (22% of the herds, 13% of the animals); sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (16%, 1%); bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus 14%, 7%); Atlantic spotted dolphin, stenella frontalis (13%, 15%); pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps, and dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus (12%, 1%); striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, spinner dolphin, S. longirostris, and clymene dolphin, S. clymene (9%, 34%); and pantropical spotted dolphin, S. attenuata (8%, 27%). Each of these species or species groups was sighted throughout the area surveyed in at least three seasons. Mean water depths of bottlenose dolphin and Atlantic spotted dolphin sightings were less than 400 m; mean water depths of Risso's dolphins and pygmy and dwarf sperm whales were between 400-600 m; and mean water depths of striped, spinner, and clymene dolphins, sperm whales, and pantropical spotted dolphins were greater than 700 m. Mean herd sizes varied by species and species groups and ranged from 1.9 animals for pygmy and dwarf sperm whales to 87.8 animals for striped, spinner, and clymene dolphins.
C1 NOAA,CTR AIRCRAFT OPERAT,MACDILL AFB,FL 33608.
RP MULLIN, KD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB DRAWER 1207,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568, USA.
NR 40
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 8
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 773
EP 786
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700010
ER
PT J
AU PARKER, RO
CHESTER, AJ
NELSON, RS
AF PARKER, RO
CHESTER, AJ
NELSON, RS
TI A VIDEO TRANSECT METHOD FOR ESTIMATING REEF FISH ABUNDANCE, COMPOSITION,
AND HABITAT UTILIZATION AT GRAYS REEF NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY, GEORGIA
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES
AB Reef fish communities at Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia, differed over five different habitat types. Numbers of species and overall densities were highest on ledge habitat, intermediate on live-bottom (three categories of low relief [<15 cm] rock outcroppings covered by algae and macrofauna), and lowest over sand. On average, abundance over ledges exceeded that over sand bottoms by a factor of 50. Generally, community composition at sites over ledges and dense live-bottom areas was similar and distinct from sites found over sparse live-bottom and sand. Many species were found in more than one habitat and few individual species could be considered indicators of a single habitat type. A nondestructive, repeatable procedure of randomly dispersed video transects was devised for assessing diurnally active fishes.
RP PARKER, RO (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA.
NR 41
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 787
EP 799
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700011
ER
PT J
AU SHIMADA, AM
KIMURA, DK
AF SHIMADA, AM
KIMURA, DK
TI SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF PACIFIC COD, GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS, IN THE EASTERN
BERING SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS BASED ON TAG-RECAPTURE DATA
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SABLEFISH
AB Approximately 12,396 Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, were tagged and released from fishery research vessels in the eastern Bering Sea and adjacent waters between 1982 and 1990. Recapture data from 373 tags recovered through the first quarter of 1992 revealed a strong seasonal component in fish movement between summer and winter areas. Prespawning fish were tagged throughout their summer distribution, primarily over the inner and middle shelf (<30-100 m depths), and recaptured on the outer shelf (>100-200 m) and upper continental slope (>200 m) in subsequent quarters. Recoveries from the winter quarter (January-March) showed the most directed movement, when Pacific cod aggregated in major spawning areas between Unalaska and Unimak islands in the eastern Aleutian Islands, seaward of the Pribilof Islands along the shelf edge in the eastern Bering Sea, and near the Shumagin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. By early summer, a hypothesized postspawning dispersal was observed from these overwintering areas, when tagged Pacific cod moved from deep off-shelf waters to shallower depths on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The importance of seasonal migration was examined statistically by contingency table analysis, which indicated that season of recovery affected area of recovery more than either the season or area of tagging. Seasonal movements were further quantified by modeling the population dynamics of tagged individuals, which allowed estimation of the seasonal distribution in the eastern Bering Sea population. These estimated seasonal distributions compare well with the seasonal distribution of catches from the commercial fisheries. This analysis of tag-recapture data suggests a single winter spawning population in the eastern Bering Sea, nearby waters of the Aleutian Islands, and western Gulf of Alaska waters between longitude 157 degrees W and 170 degrees.W
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
NR 29
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 12
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 800
EP 816
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700012
ER
PT J
AU WILSON, CD
SEKI, MP
AF WILSON, CD
SEKI, MP
TI BIOLOGY AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SQUALUS-MITSUKURII FROM A
SEAMOUNT IN THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS; SPINY DOGFISH; ACANTHIAS; AGE; INTERFACE;
SPURDOG; COAST; FOOD
AB Little information exists on the biology of the demersal shark, Squalus mitsukurii. Recently, large numbers of this species were taken incidentally during research surveys conducted at Southeast Hancock Seamount in the central North Pacific Ocean. The information collected during 1985 to 1988 from these surveys is used to describe the life history, depth distribution, and biology of S. mitsukurii.
Bathymetric distributional patterns of female and male S. mitsukurii differed slightly, although bottom longline catches revealed a depth distribution extending from the summit (260 m) to 740 m for both sexes. Males generally were found deeper than females. In addition, the size of males generally increased with depth whereas no apparent trend was observed for females.
Reproductive parameters for both sexes are presented. Males tended to reach maturity at smaller sizes than did females. Gravid females had broods of up to six uterine embryos. Length of young close to parturition was 21-26 cm.
Tentative estimates of age and growth were made from dorsal spine increment counts. Maximum ages were 27 years for females and 18 years for males. Females exhibited more rapid growth than males after about age 9.
The diet of S. mitsukurii included both benthic and mesopelagic prey. Fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans were the major components of the diet.
Comparison of the biological characteristics suggest that this species is probably typical of other slow-growing, low fecund members of the genus Squalus. The 50% decline in catch rates observed during this study suggests that the number of S. mitsukurii on the seamount declined dramatically, possibly as a result of overfishing.
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822.
RP WILSON, CD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 42
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 10
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 851
EP 864
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700015
ER
PT J
AU GIORGI, AE
MILLER, DR
SANDFORD, BP
AF GIORGI, AE
MILLER, DR
SANDFORD, BP
TI MIGRATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE OCEAN-TYPE CHINOOK SALMON -
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA, IN JOHN-DAY RESERVOIR ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Note
ID NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SMALLMOUTH BASS; WALLEYES
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
RP GIORGI, AE (reprint author), DON CHAPMAN CONSULTANTS INC,7981 168TH AVE NE,REDMOND,WA 98052,AUSTRALIA.
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 4
BP 872
EP 879
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PL097
UT WOS:A1994PL09700017
ER
PT J
AU MORIYAMA, S
SWANSON, P
NISHII, M
TAKAHASHI, A
KAWAUCHI, H
DICKHOFF, WW
PLISETSKAYA, EM
AF MORIYAMA, S
SWANSON, P
NISHII, M
TAKAHASHI, A
KAWAUCHI, H
DICKHOFF, WW
PLISETSKAYA, EM
TI DEVELOPMENT OF A HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR COHO SALMON
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEINS; IGF-I; PLASMA-LEVELS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH;
NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MESSENGER-RNA; SOMATOMEDIN;
SERUM; HORMONE
AB A specific homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma of salmonid and a few non-salmonid fish species was developed using recombinant coho salmon IGF-I (rsIGF-I) as tracer and standard, and antiserum against this peptide raised in rabbits. The minimum detection level of IGF-I was 1.5 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in a range from 1.5 to 23 ng/ml. No cross-reaction was detected in the salmon IGF-I RIA with mammalian growth factors, salmon pituitary hormones. salmon or mammalian insulin, or any peptide in rat plasma. Although salmon IGF-I has high sequence similarity to mammalian IGF-I, it did not cross-react with anti-human IGF-I serum in human RIA and serial dilutions of plasma from salmon were not parallel to the human IGF-I standards in this assay system. In contrast, dilution curves for plasma of salmonids, such as coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic (Salmo salar), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon, rainbow trout (O. mykiss), some other teleost fish, such as tilapia (Oreochromis mossabica), carp (Cyprus carpio), eel (Anguilla rostrata), Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), and agnathan, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), assessed in salmon IGF-I RIA were parallel to the rsIGF-I standards. Acid-ethanol extraction of plasma samples altered the molecular weight, but not the quantity, of immunoreactive IGF-I, implying that IGF-I binding proteins in salmon plasma do not affect the performance of the salmon IGF-I RIA. Gel filtration of nonacidified plasma on a Sephadex G-75 superfine column produced two immunoreactive IGF-I peaks of molecular weights of approximately >70 k and 7 kDa, whereas acidification of plasma increased the relative amount of the 7-kDa peak (IGF-I) and the >70-kDa peak disappeared. The recoveries of rsIGF-I added to extracted or nonextracted plasma were 97.4 and 94.9%, respectively. Inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation were 3.6 and 3.3%, respectively. Plasma IGF-I levels in coho salmon smelts were 117.4 +/- 19.1 ng/ml as compared to IGF-I levels in parr (45.3 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) or in adult fish (45.2 +/- 5.4 ng/ml) measured in the same assay. Injection of salmon growth hormone, but not prolactin or somatolactin, caused a significant and dose-dependent elevation of plasma IGF-I levels, while either fasting or injection of streptozotocin led to a significant decline in systemic IGF-I. We conclude that the salmon IGF-I RIA reported in this study is valid for measurement of IGF-I levels in salmonids and, likely, in a variety of other fish species. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
KITASATO UNIV,SCH FISHERIES SCI,MOLEC ENDOCRINOL LAB,SANRIKU,IWATE 02201,JAPAN.
RP MORIYAMA, S (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 57
TC 168
Z9 172
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 1
BP 149
EP 161
DI 10.1006/gcen.1994.1167
PG 13
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PM478
UT WOS:A1994PM47800016
PM 7843563
ER
PT J
AU ABBOTT, D
DRURY, R
SMITH, WH
AF ABBOTT, D
DRURY, R
SMITH, WH
TI FLAT TO STEEP TRANSITION IN SUBDUCTION STYLE
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ASEISMIC RIDGES; TECTOSPHERE; ORIGIN; MANTLE; PLATE
AB We use a thermal history of the mantle to calculate the evolution of oceanic crustal thickness over Earth history and use residual depth anomalies from the present-day Pacific to find the crustal thickness range (9.2-11.6 km) where the subduction style changes from mainly flat to mainly steep. We find that steep subduction was well developed by 2.5 Ga, which coincides with a major change in sedimentary rare-earth element patterns. Over 50% of all oceanic crust subducted steeply by 2.0-1.6 Ga, the same interval over which the average thickness of continental plates declined rapidly. Because producing thick plates requires many episodes of flat subduction, our model can explain why there are no known thick plates < 1.6 Ga.
C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP ABBOTT, D (reprint author), LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010;
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X;
Abbott, Dallas/0000-0003-4713-6098
NR 27
TC 70
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 8
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 10
BP 937
EP 940
DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0937:FTSTIS>2.3.CO;2
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA PJ581
UT WOS:A1994PJ58100018
ER
PT J
AU LONG, CS
STOWE, LL
AF LONG, CS
STOWE, LL
TI USING THE NOAA AVHRR TO STUDY STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESSES
FOLLOWING THE MT-PINATUBO ERUPTION
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AVHRR DATA
AB NOAA has been archiving weekly and monthly gridded analyses of ''radiatively equivalent'' aerosol optical thickness over oceans on magnetic tape since June 29, 1989. These analyses are derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-11 polar orbiting environmental satellite. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991 and the ensuing dispersal of aerosol particles in the stratosphere occurred after two complete years of observations with essentially ''background'' particle concentrations in the stratosphere. This fortunate timing means that computing the difference between the average of the first two years of tropospheric aerosols and the ''Post-Pinatubo'' period of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols provides a means of observing the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol cloud. Time series of zonal averages of these difference fields are presented and analyzed. These analyses indicate that by the end of 1993, the stratospheric aerosol optical thickness declined from its peak value in late Summer of 1991 to levels that are no longer detectable with AVHRR data.
C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ORA,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP LONG, CS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC53,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 15
TC 53
Z9 58
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 20
BP 2215
EP 2218
DI 10.1029/94GL01322
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PK063
UT WOS:A1994PK06300009
ER
PT J
AU ALLNUTT, RM
PRATT, T
STUTZMAN, WL
SNIDER, JB
AF ALLNUTT, RM
PRATT, T
STUTZMAN, WL
SNIDER, JB
TI USE OF RADIOMETERS IN ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS
SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-MICROWAVES ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS; OLYMPUS SATELLITE; RADIOMETERS
AB Measurements from radiometers operating at 20 and 30 GHz were used to predict attenuation along the 14 degrees elevation angle from Blacksburg, Virginia, toward the Olympus satellite. Both NOAA Dicke switched radiometers and Virginia Tech total power radiometers collected data in Blacksburg for two months. The radiometrically predicted attenuation for the total power radiometers agreed well with that of the Dicke switched radiometers, indicating that the total power radiometer approach can be used for accurate attenuation prediction.
C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP ALLNUTT, RM (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BRADLEY DEPT ELECT ENGN,SATELLITE COMMUN GRP,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA.
NR 7
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG
PI HERTFORD
PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY
SN 1350-2417
J9 IEE P-MICROW ANTEN P
JI IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 141
IS 5
BP 428
EP 432
DI 10.1049/ip-map:19941400
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA PN985
UT WOS:A1994PN98500016
ER
PT J
AU VASCONCELLOS, ECC
ZINK, LR
GALVAO, GP
EVENSON, KM
AF VASCONCELLOS, ECC
ZINK, LR
GALVAO, GP
EVENSON, KM
TI NEW N2H4 FAR-INFRARED LASER LINES AND FREQUENCIES
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Measurements have been made for 32 far infrared laser frequencies of optically pumped hydrazine, 30 of which are new. The wavelengths range from 95 to 528 mum. A pair of frequency-stabilized CO2 lasers were used as standards for the heterodyne frequency measurements. One of the lines can be used as a local oscillator for astronomical searches for N-14+, and other lines can be used to study transitions in metastable Ca.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP VASCONCELLOS, ECC (reprint author), UNICAMP,INST FIS,DEPT ELETRON QUANT,BR-13083970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL.
RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 10
BP 2401
EP 2406
DI 10.1109/3.328613
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA PM813
UT WOS:A1994PM81300027
ER
PT J
AU VANBRUNT, RJ
AF VANBRUNT, RJ
TI PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE AND CORONA - RECENT ADVANCES
AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOW TRANSITION MECHANISM; TRICHEL-PULSE CORONA; NEGATIVE CORONA;
STOCHASTIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; DIELECTRIC-BARRIER; SF6
DECOMPOSITION; GAS-MIXTURES; BREAKDOWN; OXYGEN
AB Results of recent research on physical and chemical processes in partial discharge (PD) phenomena are reviewed. The terminology used to specify different types or modes of PD are discussed in light of a general theory of electrical discharges. The limitations and assumptions inherent to present theoretical models are examined. The influence of memory propagation effects in controlling the stochastic behavior of PD is shown. Examples of experimental results are presented that demonstrate the nonstationary characteristics of PD which can be related to permanent or quasi-permanent discharge-induced modifications (aging) of the site where the PD occur. Recommendations for future research are proposed.
RP VANBRUNT, RJ (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,BLDG 220,B344,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 93
TC 77
Z9 78
U1 3
U2 17
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 1070-9878
J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN
JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 1
IS 5
BP 761
EP 784
DI 10.1109/94.326651
PG 24
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA PM836
UT WOS:A1994PM83600001
ER
PT J
AU BAKERJARVIS, J
JANEZIC, MD
DOMICH, PD
GEYER, RG
AF BAKERJARVIS, J
JANEZIC, MD
DOMICH, PD
GEYER, RG
TI ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN-ENDED COAXIAL PROBE WITH LIFT-OFF FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE
TESTING
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID LINE; REFLECTION
AB The open-ended coaxial probe with lift-off is studied using a full-wave analysis, and an uncertainty analysis is presented. The field equations for the following terminations are worked gut: (1) the sample extends to oo in the positive axial direction, (2) the sample is backed by a well-characterized material, and (3) the sample is backed by a short-circuit termination. The equations are valid for both dielectric and magnetic materials. The model allows the study of the open-ended coaxial probe as a nondestructive testing tool. The analysis allows a study of the effects of air gaps on probe measurements. The reflection coefficient and phase are studied as a function of lift-off, coaxial line size, permittivity, permeability, and frequency. Numerical results indicate the probe is very sensitive to lift-off, For medium to high permittivity values and electrically small probes, gaps on the order df fractions of a millimeter strongly influence the reflection coefficient. In order for the field to penetrate through the air gap, larger size coaxial line or higher frequencies need to he used. A comparison of the theory to experiment is presented. The results are in close agreement. A differential uncertainty analysis is also included.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP BAKERJARVIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 16
TC 112
Z9 113
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 43
IS 5
BP 711
EP 718
DI 10.1109/19.328897
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA PL939
UT WOS:A1994PL93900005
ER
PT J
AU PAULTER, NG
AF PAULTER, NG
TI A CAUSAL REGULARIZING DECONVOLUTION FILTER FOR OPTIMAL WAVE-FORM
RECONSTRUCTION
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID ITERATIVE IMAGE-RESTORATION; LINEARLY DEGRADED IMAGES; CONVERGENCE;
ALGORITHM
AB A causal regularizing filter is described for selecting an optimal reconstruction of a signal from a deconvolution of its measured data and the measurement instrument's impulse response. Measurement noise and uncertainties in the instrument's response can cause the deconvolution (or inverse problem) to be ill-posed, thereby precluding accurate signal restoration. Nevertheless, close approximations to the signal may be obtained by using reconstruction techniques that alter the problem so that it becomes numerically solvable. A regularizing reconstruction technique is implemented that automatically selects the optimal reconstruction via an adjustable parameter and a specific stopping criterion, which is also described. Waveforms reconstructed using this filter do not exhibit large oscillations near transients as observed in other regularized reconstructions. Furthermore, convergence to the optimal solution is rapid.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 43
IS 5
BP 740
EP 747
DI 10.1109/19.328893
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA PL939
UT WOS:A1994PL93900009
ER
PT J
AU KRUPKA, J
GEYER, RG
KUHN, M
HINKEN, JH
AF KRUPKA, J
GEYER, RG
KUHN, M
HINKEN, JH
TI DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-CRYSTALS OF AL2O3, LAALO3, NDGAO3,
SRTIO3, AND MGO AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID FILMS
AB A dielectric resonator technique has been used for measurements of the permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of single-crystal dielectric substrates in the temperature range 20-300 K at microwave frequencies. Application of superconducting films made it possible to determine dielectric loss tangents of about 5 x 10(-7) at 20 K. Two permittivity tenser components for uniaxially anisotropic samples were measured. Generally, single-crystal samples made of the same material by different manufacturers or by different processes have significantly different losses, although they have essentially the same permittivities. The permittivity of one crystalline ferroelectric substrate, SrTiO3, strongly depends on temperature. This temperature dependence can affect the performance of ferroelectric thin-film microwave devices, such as electronically tunable phase shifters, mixers, delay lines and filters.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
FORSCHUNGSGESELL INFORMAT TECH MBH,D-31158 BAD SALZDETFURTH,GERMANY.
RP KRUPKA, J (reprint author), INST MIKROELEKTRON & OPTOELEKTRON POLITECH WARSZA,KOSZYKOWA 75,PL-00662 WARSAW,POLAND.
NR 10
TC 153
Z9 153
U1 4
U2 30
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1886
EP 1890
DI 10.1109/22.320769
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PL265
UT WOS:A1994PL26500007
ER
PT J
AU TALUKDAR, RK
MELLOUKI, A
GIERCZAK, T
BARONE, S
CHIANG, SY
RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF TALUKDAR, RK
MELLOUKI, A
GIERCZAK, T
BARONE, S
CHIANG, SY
RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF OH WITH ALKANES
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; PRESSURE
AB The rate coefficients for the reactions of OH With ethane (k(1)), propane (K-2), n-butane (K-3), iso-butane (k(4)), and n-pentane (k(5)) have been measured over the temperature range 212-380 K using the pulsed photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PP-LIF) technique. The 298 K values are (2.43 +/- 0.20) x 10(-13), (1.11 +/- 0.08) X 10(-12), (2.46 +/- 0.15) X 10(-12), (2.06 +/- 0.14) X 10(-12), and (4.10 +/- 0.26) X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for k(1), k(2), k(3), K-4, and k(5), respectively. The temperature dependence of k(1) and k(2) can be expressed in the Arrhenius form: K-1 = (1.03 +/- 0.07) x 10(-11) exp[-1110 +/- 40)/T] and k(2) = (1.01 +/- 0.08) X 10(-11) exp[-(660 +/- 50)/T]. The Arrhenius plots for k(3) - k(5) were clearly curved and they were fit to three parameter expressions: k(3) = (2.04 +/- 0.05) X 10(-17) T-2 exp[(85 +/- 10)/T]; k(4) = (9.32 +/- 0.26) X 10(-18) T-2 exp[(275 +/- 20)/T]; and k(5) = (3.13 +/- 0.25) x 10(-17) T-2 exp[(115 +/- 30)/T]. The units of all rate constants are cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic errors. The present measurements are in excellent agreement with previous studies and the best values for atmospheric calculations are recommended. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011;
Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mellouki,
Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262
NR 24
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 14
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 10
BP 973
EP 990
DI 10.1002/kin.550261003
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PG749
UT WOS:A1994PG74900002
ER
PT J
AU MEGARIDIS, CM
HODGES, JT
XIN, J
DAY, JM
PRESSER, C
AF MEGARIDIS, CM
HODGES, JT
XIN, J
DAY, JM
PRESSER, C
TI INTERNAL DROPLET CIRCULATION INDUCED BY SURFACE-DRIVEN ROTATION
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
LA English
DT Article
DE DROPLET; CIRCULATION; ROTATION
ID INTERMEDIATE REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABLE
PROPERTIES; TERMINAL VELOCITY; FUEL DROPLET; COMBUSTION; VAPORIZATION;
MOTION; LIQUID; SPRAYS
AB This paper presents a combined theoretical/experimental study of internal liquid circulation induced by droplet surface rotation. A numerical model is presented first, examining the fluid transport within a spherical liquid volume whose surface is subjected to rotation about a central axis. The model predicts that the steady-state motion established from spatially nonuniform surface rotation has a helical character and bears little resemblance to the toroidal internal flows developed within droplets under axisymmetric conditions. Similar internal flow patterns are predicted for temporally varying surface rotation occurring during droplet spin-up or spin-down. Planar laser-induced fluorescence is employed to provide high-resolution Images of fluid flow developed within millimeter-sized suspended droplets that are exposed to steady laminar air streams to induce repeatable surface rotation. The predicted spiral flow patterns are corroborated by the pendant droplet visualization experiments, and suggest that nonuniform rotation or transient spinning may significantly alter internal droplet dynamics.
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MEGARIDIS, CM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH ENGN MC251,842 W TAYLOR ST,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA.
RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009;
OI Megaridis, Constantine/0000-0002-6339-6933
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0142-727X
J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL
JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 5
BP 364
EP 377
DI 10.1016/0142-727X(94)90050-7
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA PL954
UT WOS:A1994PL95400003
ER
PT J
AU JEMIAN, PR
ALLEN, AJ
AF JEMIAN, PR
ALLEN, AJ
TI THE EFFECT OF THE SHAPE FUNCTION ON SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING ANALYSIS BY
THE MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INDIRECT TRANSFORMATION METHOD; PARTICLE-SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS; STEELS; SANS
AB Analysis of small-angle scattering data to obtain a particle-size distribution is dependent upon the shape function used to model the scattering. From a maximum-entropy analysis of small-angle scattering data, the effect of shape-function selection on the obtained size distribution is demonstrated using three different shape functions to describe the same scattering data from each of two alloys. The alloys have been revealed by electron microscopy to contain a distribution of randomly oriented and mainly noninteracting irregular ellipsoidal precipitates. A comparison is made between the different forms of the shape function. The effect of an incident-wavelength distribution is also shown. The importance of testing appropriate shape functions and validating these against other microstructural studies is discussed.
C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
NR 31
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 6
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 27
BP 693
EP 702
DI 10.1107/S0021889894000373
PN 5
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA PP424
UT WOS:A1994PP42400003
ER
PT J
AU EDER, BK
DAVIS, JM
BLOOMFIELD, P
AF EDER, BK
DAVIS, JM
BLOOMFIELD, P
TI AN AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION SCHEME DESIGNED TO BETTER ELUCIDATE THE
DEPENDENCE OF OZONE ON METEOROLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE OZONE;
SOUTHERN ONTARIO; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; RURAL-AREAS; AIR-QUALITY; SCALE;
LOCATIONS; MOUNTAIN
AB This paper utilizes a two-stage (average linkage then convergent k means) clustering approach as part of an automated meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate the dependence of ozone on meteorology. When applied to 10 years (1981-90) of meteorological data for Birmingham, Alabama, the classification scheme identified seven statistically distinct meteorological regimes, the majority of which exhibited significantly different daily 1-h maximum ozone concentration distributions. Results from this two-stage clustering approach were then used to develop seven ''refined'' stepwise regression models designed to 1) identify the optimum set of independent meteorological parameters influencing the O-3 concentrations within each meteorological cluster, and 2) weigh each independent parameter according to its unique influence within that cluster. Large differences were noted in the number, order, and selection of independent variables found to significantly contribute (alpha = 0.10) to the variability of O-3. When this unique dependence was taken into consideration through the development and subsequent amalgamation of the seven individual regression models, a better parameterization of O-3's dependence on meteorology was achieved. This ''composite'' model exhibited a significantly larger R(2) (0.59) and a smaller rmse (12.80 ppb) when compared to results achieved from an ''overall'' model(R(2) = 0.53, rmse = 13.85) in which the meteorological data were not clustered.
C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
NR 52
TC 79
Z9 83
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 10
BP 1182
EP 1199
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1182:AACSDT>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ691
UT WOS:A1994PJ69100005
ER
PT J
AU STOWE, L
HUCEK, R
ARDANUY, P
JOYCE, R
AF STOWE, L
HUCEK, R
ARDANUY, P
JOYCE, R
TI EVALUATING THE DESIGN OF AN EARTH RADIATION BUDGET INSTRUMENT WITH
SYSTEM SIMULATIONS .2. MINIMIZATION OF INSTANTANEOUS SAMPLING ERRORS FOR
CERES-I
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Much of the new record of broadband earth radiation budget satellite measurements to be obtained during the late 1990s and early twenty-first century will come from the dual-radiometer Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System Instrument (CERES-I) flown aboard sun-synchronous polar orbiters. Simulation studies conducted in this work for an early afternoon satellite orbit indicate that spatial rms sampling errors of instantaneous CERES-I shortwave flux estimates will range from about 8.5 to 14.0 W m(-2) on a 2.5 degrees latitude and longitude grid resolution. Root-mean-square errors in longwave flux estimates are only about 20% as large and range from 1.5 to 3.5 W m(-2). These results are based on an optimal cross-track scanner design that includes 50% footprint overlap to eliminate gaps in the top-of-the-atmosphere coverage, and a ''smallest'' footprint size to increase the ratio in the number of observations lying within to the number of observations lying on grid area boundaries. Total instantaneous measurement error depends additionally on the variability of anisotropic reflectance and emission patterns and on the retrieval methods used to generate target area fluxes. Three retrieval procedures are investigated, all relying on a maximum-likelihood estimation technique for scene identification. Observations from both CERES-I scanners (cross-track and rotating azimuth plane) are used. One method is the baseline Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) procedure, which assumes that errors due to the use of mean angular dependence models (ADMs) in the radiance-to-flux inversion process nearly cancel when averaged over grid areas. In a second (estimation of N) method, instantaneous ADMs are estimated from the multiangular, collocated observations of the two scanners. These observed models replace the mean models in the computation of the satellite flux estimates. In the third (scene flux) approach, separate target-area retrievals are conducted for each ERBE scene category and their results are combined using area weighting by scene type. The ERBE retrieval performs best when the simulated radiance field departs from the ERBE mean models by less than 10%. For larger perturbations, both the scene flux and collocation methods produce less error than the ERBE retrieval. The scene flux technique is preferable, however, because it involves fewer restrictive assumptions.
RP STOWE, L (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ASB,E RALL LS,WORLD WEATHER BLDG 711,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1169
EP 1183
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1169:ETDOAE>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ298
UT WOS:A1994PJ29800001
ER
PT J
AU WOOD, VT
AF WOOD, VT
TI A TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING A TROPICAL CYCLONE CENTER USING A DOPPLER
RADAR
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB A ground-based Doppler radar technique is developed for detecting a tropical cyclone center position. Accurate determination of the cyclone center position, based on Doppler velocity measurements, will become essential for the issuance of hurricane advisories, forecasts, and warnings once a network of WSR-88D Doppler radars is deployed on the United States coastlines, islands, and military bases during the 1990s. This will allow high-resolution detection and tracking of hurricanes nearing land for the first time.
Simulated Doppler velocity data, which were reconstructed from wind field data collected by reconnaissance aircraft during Hurricanes Alicia (1983) and Gloria (1985), were used to test the concept of using ground-based Doppler radar data to estimate cyclone center location. The center range and azimuth estimates of a hurricane signature were calculated from the simulated coastal Doppler radar velocity data. Preliminary results indicate that the technique performed well for estimating center locations from the radar measurements compared with storm center positions determined from in situ aircraft measurements.
RP WOOD, VT (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 0
TC 17
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1207
EP 1216
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1207:ATFDAT>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ298
UT WOS:A1994PJ29800003
ER
PT J
AU BOSS, EF
GONZALEZ, FI
AF BOSS, EF
GONZALEZ, FI
TI SIGNAL AMPLITUDE UNCERTAINTY OF A DIGIQUARTZ PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DUE TO
STATIC CALIBRATION ERROR
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Standard calibrations of Digiquartz pressure transducers are performed over a very wide range of pressure and temperature, typically 14-10 000 psia and 1 degrees-125 degrees C. Compared to this large calibration domain, deep ocean bottom pressure recorders encounter relatively small changes of pressure and temperature during a typical deployment, that is, changes of only a few pounds per square inch and a few tenths of a degree Celsius. In principle, more detailed calibrations in the expected operating range of each instrument could improve accuracy. In practice, recalibration can be expensive and time consuming and, depending on the temporal stability of the calibration constants, may not be necessary if the accuracy of the original standard calibration is sufficient. The accuracy of the original calibration as it applies to ocean bottom pressure changes induced by tides, tsunamis, and other geophysical processes is examined. For typical ambient conditions of 0 degrees C and depth 4000 m, absolute uncertainty has been computed to be approximately 40 cm. The uncertainty in a signal varying about a mean deployment pressure (amplitude uncertainty) is 0.02% of the signal amplitude. Though the absolute uncertainty is large in relation to geophysical signals of interest, the amplitude uncertainty, which is the figure of merit for tidal and tsunami observations, is small compared to these signals and compared to the inherent resolution of the pressure measurement system.
RP BOSS, EF (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,DIV OCEAN ENVIRONM RES,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1381
EP 1387
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1381:SAUOAD>2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ298
UT WOS:A1994PJ29800016
ER
PT J
AU WEBER, LA
SILVA, AM
AF WEBER, LA
SILVA, AM
TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE VAPOR-PRESSURES OF DIFLUOROMETHANE,
1-CHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE, AND PENTAFLUOROETHANE
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID EBULLIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT; R123
AB We present new measurements of the vapor pressures of difluoromethane (R32) from 235 to 265 K, of 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124) from 220 to 286 K, and of pentafluoroethane (R125) from 218 to 286 K. Measurements were made in two ebulliometers, one of glass and one of metal. Overall, pressures ranged from 13 to about 950 kPa. We also present vapor pressures of R125, calculated via thermodynamic relationships, for temperatures down to 170 K (2.3 kPa). We study the azeotropic mixture of R125 with chloropentafluoroethane (R115), and we correct our data for a small R115 impurity.
RP WEBER, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 4
BP 808
EP 812
DI 10.1021/je00016a038
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA PL997
UT WOS:A1994PL99700038
ER
PT J
AU MASLEN, PE
PAPANIKOLAS, JM
FAEDER, J
PARSON, R
ONEIL, SV
AF MASLEN, PE
PAPANIKOLAS, JM
FAEDER, J
PARSON, R
ONEIL, SV
TI SOLVATION OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED I-2(-)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID I2-(CO2)N CLUSTER IONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; RECOMBINATION
DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ULTRAFAST
PHOTODISSOCIATION; ETHANOL; WATER; I2; COLLISIONS
AB The interaction potentials between the six lowest electronic states of I-2(-) and an arbitrary discrete charge distribution are calculated approximately using a one-electron model. The model potentials are much easier to calculate than ab initio potentials, with the cost of a single energy point scaling linearly with the number of solvent molecules, enabling relatively large systems to be studied. Application of the model to simulation of electronically excited It in liquids and CO2 dusters is discussed. In a preliminary application, solvent effects are approximated by a uniform electric field. If electronically excited ((IIg,1/2)-I-2) I-2(-) undergoes dissociation in the presence of a strong electric field, the negative charge localizes so as to minimize the total potential energy. However, in a weak field the negative charge localizes in the opposite direction, maximizing the, potential energy. Based on a study of the field-dependent potential surfaces, a solvent-transfer mechanism is proposed for the electronic relaxation of (IIg,1/2I2-)-I-2, in contrast to the conventional view of relaxation via electron transfer.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP MASLEN, PE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NR 56
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 7
BP 5731
EP 5755
DI 10.1063/1.467359
PG 25
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PH987
UT WOS:A1994PH98700032
ER
PT J
AU PLUSQUELLIC, DF
VOTAVA, O
NESBITT, DJ
AF PLUSQUELLIC, DF
VOTAVA, O
NESBITT, DJ
TI PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS IN QUANTUM STATE-SELECTED CLUSTERS - A TEST
OF THE ONE-ATOM CAGE EFFECT IN AR-H2O
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Note
ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; H2O;
ROTATION; COMPLEXES; VIBRATION; ARH2O; BOND; HOD
AB High resolution IR overtone pumping with an injection seeded optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is used in conjunction with excimer laser photolysis to investigate the state-resolved dynamics of quantum state-selected van der Waals clusters in a slit supersonic expansion. The narrow band IR light source (160 MHz, 5 mJ) preselects a specific upper state via the internal rotor band of Ar-H2O which correlates to the \03](-)<--\00](+),0(00)<--1(01) transition in H2O monomer. At fixed UV photolysis and probe wavelength, scanning the high resolution OPO yields the \03](-)<--\00](+),Sigma(0(00))<--Sigma(1(01)) overtone action spectrum of Ar-H2O complexes. Conversely, at fixed IR pump wavelength, the state distribution of the OH photoproduct from photolysis of quantum state selected Ar-H2O clusters can be probed by laser induced fluorescence on the A (2) Sigma(+)<--X(2)II(0,0) band. The OH distributions from H2O monomer vs Ar-H2O photolysis from the same internal rotor state are remarkably similar, though significant anomalies are observed for specific K rotational levels.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP PLUSQUELLIC, DF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 23
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 7
BP 6356
EP 6358
DI 10.1063/1.468389
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PH987
UT WOS:A1994PH98700096
ER
PT J
AU TOMASZKIEWICZ, I
SUSMAN, S
VOLIN, KJ
OHARE, PAG
AF TOMASZKIEWICZ, I
SUSMAN, S
VOLIN, KJ
OHARE, PAG
TI FLUORINE-COMBUSTION CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATIONS OF THE STANDARD MOLAR
ENTHALPY CHANGES FOR THE FORMATION OF SISE2(CR), SISE1.94(CR), AND
SISE1.94(VIT), AND FOR THE TRANSITION - SISE1.94(VIT)=SISE1.94(CR) AT
THE TEMPERATURE T=298.15-5 - IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS FOR THE
ENTHALPIES OF DISSOCIATION D(M)DEGREES(SE-SISE) AND D(M)DEGREES(SISE) -
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SISE(G)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPUTER-GENERATED MODELS; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; SIXSE1-X GLASSES;
SILICON DISELENIDE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RANGE ORDER;
SELENIUM; CRYSTALLINE; A-SISE2
AB Fluorine-bomb calorimetry was used to determine the standard massic energies of combustion DELTA(c)u degrees of the silicon selenides SiSe2(cr), SiSe1.94(cr), and SiSe1.94(vit), according to the combustion reaction: SiSe(v)(s)+(2+3v)F2(g) = SiF4(g)+vSeF6(g). The following additional results were derived for the standard molar energy of combustion DELTA(c) U(m)degrees; the standard molar enthalpy of combustion DELTA(c)H(m)degrees; and the standard molar enthalpy of formation DELTA(f)H(m)degrees, all at the temperature T = 298.15 K and for the standard pressure p degrees = 101.325 kPa: SiSe2(cr) SiSe1.94(vit) SiSe1.94(cr) DELTA(c)u degrees/(J.g-1) -19682+/-16 -19873+/-13 -19837+/-22 DELTA(c)U(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -3661.05+/-2.98 -3602.38+/-2.36 -3595.85+/-4.35 DELTA(c)H(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -3673.4+/-3.0 -3614.5+/-2.4 -3608.0+/-4.3 DELTA(f)H(m)degrees/(kJ.mol-1) -178.4+/-3.1 -170.2+/-2.4 -176.7+/-4.5 Standard thermodynamic properties of the gas SiSe(g) were calculated by means of the conventional formulae of statistical mechanics. On the basis of the thermochemical quantities given above, the standard molar enthalpy of the transition: SiSe1.94(vit) = SiSe1.94(cr) is DELTA(trs) H(m)degrees = -(6.5 +/- 2.2) kJ.mol-1 at T = 298.15 K. (All uncertainties in this abstract correspond to twice the standard deviation of the mean.) Implications of the thermochemical quantities for the enthalpies of dissociation D(m)degrees(SiSe) and D(m)degrees (Se-SiSe) are discussed, and the latter are compared with D(m)degrees(SiX) and D(m)degrees(X-SiX), where X denotes O, S, or Te.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW 42,POLAND.
NR 58
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 10
BP 1081
EP 1093
DI 10.1006/jcht.1994.1126
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA PK537
UT WOS:A1994PK53700007
ER
PT J
AU BARNSTON, AG
AF BARNSTON, AG
TI LINEAR STATISTICAL SHORT-TERM CLIMATE PREDICTIVE SKILL IN THE
NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Review
ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CANONICAL
CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT FIELD; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO;
EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; AIR TEMPERATURES; FORECAST SKILL;
GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION
AB In this study, the sources and strengths of statistical short-term climate predictability for local surface climate (temperature and precipitation) and 700-mb geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere are explored at all times of the year at lead times of up to one year. Canonical correlation analysis is the linear statistical methodology employed. Predictor and predictand averaging periods of 1 and 3 months are used, with four consecutive predictor periods, followed by a lead time and then a single predictand period. Predictor fields are quasi-global sea surface temperature (SST), Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height, and prior values of the predictand field itself. Cross-validation is used to obtain, to first order, uninflated skill estimates.
Results reveal mainly modest statistical predictive skill except for certain fields, locations, and times of the year when predictability is far above chance expectation and good enough to be beneficial to appropriate users. The time of year when skills are generally highest is January through April. Global SST is the most skill-producing predictor field, perhaps because 1) the lower boundary condition is a more consistent influence on climate on timescales of 1 to 3 months than the atmosphere's internal dynamics, or 2) SST is the only field in this study that provides tropical information directly. Prediction is generally more skillful on the 3-month than 1-month timescale. The skill of the forecasts is often insensitive to the forecast lead time; that is, inserting 3, or sometimes 6 or more, months between the predictor and predictand periods causes little skill decrease from that of 1 month or less. This has favorable implications for long-lead forecasting.
Much of the higher skill occurs in association with fluctuations of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is found in midwinter through midspring in specific pockets of the Pacific and North American regions. Predictive skill for precipitation is also found in the same context but is lower than that for 700-mb height or temperature.
Warm season predictability, slightly lower than that of winter-spring and not clearly documented in earlier work, is related to episodes of like-signed SST anomalies in the tropical oceans throughout the world in the preceding months. There is an interdecadal component in the variability of these global SST conditions. Generalized positive (negative) 700-mb and surface temperature anomalies in middle to late summer (but fall in southern Europe), generally at subtropical latitudes throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere (but with some midlatitude continental protrusions), occur following episodes of uniformly positive (negative) SST anomalies in the tropical oceans throughout the world in the preceding winter through late spring. The occurrence of a mature warm (cold) ENSO extreme the previous winter may contribute to such a worldwide SST condition in the intervening spring season. In the United States, the effect is a general (monopole) anomalous warmth (coolness) from mid-July through August across much of the country.
RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,W NMC51 WWB ROOM 604,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 100
TC 189
Z9 192
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 10
BP 1513
EP 1564
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1513:LSSTCP>2.0.CO;2
PG 52
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN511
UT WOS:A1994PN51100006
ER
PT J
AU CHELLIAH, M
AF CHELLIAH, M
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER-1992 - WEAK WARM ENSO EPISODE
CONDITIONS LINGER IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
RP CHELLIAH, M (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC52,CLIMATE ANAL CTR,ROOM 605,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 10
BP 1565
EP 1580
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1565:TGCFSN>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN511
UT WOS:A1994PN51100007
ER
PT J
AU BELL, GD
BASIST, AN
AF BELL, GD
BASIST, AN
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF DECEMBER-1992 FEBRUARY-1993 .1. WARM ENSO
CONDITIONS CONTINUE IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC - CALIFORNIA DROUGHT ABATES
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WINTER TEMPERATURES; EL-NINO;
PATTERNS; GREENLAND; SEESAW; EUROPE
RP BELL, GD (reprint author), NOAA,NMC,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,ROOM 605,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA.
NR 33
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 10
BP 1581
EP 1605
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1581:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN511
UT WOS:A1994PN51100008
ER
PT J
AU GUTZLER, DS
KILADIS, GN
MEEHL, GA
WEICKMANN, KM
WHEELER, M
AF GUTZLER, DS
KILADIS, GN
MEEHL, GA
WEICKMANN, KM
WHEELER, M
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF DECEMBER-1992 FEBRUARY-1993 .2. LARGE-SCALE
VARIABILITY ACROSS THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC DURING TOGA COARE
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION
C1 UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO USA.
NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO USA.
NOAA, CLIMATE DIAGNOST CTR, BOULDER, CO USA.
RP GUTZLER, DS (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R E AL3, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011
OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973
NR 24
TC 73
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 10
BP 1606
EP 1622
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1606:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PN511
UT WOS:A1994PN51100009
ER
PT J
AU KAMIDE, Y
RICHMOND, AD
EMERY, BA
HUTCHINS, CF
AHN, BH
DELABEAUJARDIERE, O
FOSTER, JC
HEELIS, RA
KROEHL, HW
RICH, FJ
SLAVIN, JA
AF KAMIDE, Y
RICHMOND, AD
EMERY, BA
HUTCHINS, CF
AHN, BH
DELABEAUJARDIERE, O
FOSTER, JC
HEELIS, RA
KROEHL, HW
RICH, FJ
SLAVIN, JA
TI GROUND-BASED STUDIES OF IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTORM
EXPANSION
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; MAPPING ELECTRODYNAMIC FEATURES; INTERPLANETARY
MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MILLSTONE
HILL; SOLAR-WIND; LOCALIZED OBSERVATIONS; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; PLASMA
CONVECTION
AB The instantaneous patterns of electric fields and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere are deduced by combining satellite and radar measurements of the ionospheric drift velocity, along with ground-based magnetometer observations for October 25, 1981. For this purpose, an updated version of the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique has been used. These global patterns are unobtainable from any single data set. The period under study was characterized by a relatively stable southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), so that the obtained electric field patterns do reflect, in general, the state of sustained and enhanced plasma convection in the magnetosphere. During one of the satellite passes, however, an intense westward electrojet caused by a substorm into the satellite (DE 2) and radar (Chatanika, Alaska) field of view in the premidnight sector, providing a unique opportunity to differentiate the enhanced convection and substorm expansion fields. The distributions of the calculated electric potential for the expansion and maximum phases of the substorm show the first clear evidence of the coexistence of two physically different systems in the global convection pattern. The changes in the convection pattern during the substorm indicate that the large-scale potential distributions are indeed of general two-cell patterns representing the southward IMF status, but the night-morning cell has two positive peaks, one in the midnight sector and the other in the late morning hours, corresponding to the substorm expansion and the convection enhancement, respectively.
C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307.
KYUNGPOOK NATL UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,TAEGU 702701,SOUTH KOREA.
STANFORD RES INST INT,RADIO PHYS LAB,MENLO PK,CA 94025.
MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01866.
UNIV TEXAS,CTR SPACE SCI,RICHARDSON,TX 75080.
NOAA,NAT GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303.
USAF,GEOPHYS LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731.
NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
RP KAMIDE, Y (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA 442,JAPAN.
RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012
OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X
NR 40
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 99
IS A10
BP 19451
EP 19466
DI 10.1029/94JA01625
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PK515
UT WOS:A1994PK51500029
ER
PT J
AU COFFEY, MW
AF COFFEY, MW
TI ON A DEFORMABLE SUPERCONDUCTOR MODEL FOR THE VORTEX VISCOELASTIC DRAG
COEFFICIENT
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INERTIAL MASS; FLUXON
AB A deformable superconductor model for a velocity-dependent vortex visco-elastic drag coefficient is discussed. New, integral identities for energy dissipation are derived, avoiding previously employed approximations. This approach provides a suitable basis for further extension and improvement of the deformable superconductor model.
RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 97
IS 1-2
BP 181
EP 188
DI 10.1007/BF00752984
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PL198
UT WOS:A1994PL19800008
ER
PT J
AU CAI, HD
KALCEFF, MAS
HOOKS, BM
LAWN, BR
CHYUNG, K
AF CAI, HD
KALCEFF, MAS
HOOKS, BM
LAWN, BR
CHYUNG, K
TI CYCLIC FATIGUE OF A MICA-CONTAINING GLASS-CERAMIC AT HERTZIAN CONTACTS
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TOUGHNESS CURVES; 2-PHASE CERAMICS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; FRACTURE;
COMPRESSION; FAILURE; MODEL
AB Fatigue damage in a mica-containing glass-ceramic is examined using Hertzian contact tests. For the material in its base glass state, such tests indicate that fatigue occurs solely by chemically enhanced cone crack extension. In the glass-ceramic, fatigue is evident as an expansion of a macroscopic subsurface microfracture zone. Comparative observations of the subsurface damage in static and cyclic loading, and tests in different environments, indicate that the fatigue in the glass-ceramic is mechanical in origin, although it is enhanced by moisture. This result is reinforced by load-point-displacement data, which reveal significant hysteresis in the glass-ceramic but not in the base glass. Flexure tests on Hertz-indented glass-ceramic specimens show only a slight loss of strength, <5%, over 10(5) cycles. This contrasts with the base glass which, although of higher laboratory strength, is subject to abrupt and severe strength degradation from cone crack pop-in. High magnification examination of the subsurface damage in the glass-ceramic suggests the underlying cause of the mechanical fatigue mechanism to be attrition of frictional tractions at closed microcrack interfaces.
C1 CORNING INC, CORNING, NY 14830 USA.
RP CAI, HD (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
EI 2044-5326
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 10
BP 2654
EP 2661
DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.2654
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA PJ107
UT WOS:A1994PJ10700026
ER
PT J
AU COVERDALE, RT
CHRISTENSEN, BJ
MASON, TO
JENNINGS, HM
GARBOCZI, EJ
AF COVERDALE, RT
CHRISTENSEN, BJ
MASON, TO
JENNINGS, HM
GARBOCZI, EJ
TI INTERPRETATION OF THE IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF CEMENT PASTE VIA
COMPUTER MODELING .2. DIELECTRIC RESPONSE
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD;
CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SILICA FUME; TRANSITION; COMPOSITE; CONSTANT; SYSTEMS
AB Dielectric properties of cement pastes are measured using impedance spectroscopy, and the effective dielectric constants of the low frequency bulk arcs are reported. The unusually high values thereby obtained, and their dependence on reaction time and water:cement ratio, are explained by the presence of microstructural features that serve to amplify the dielectric constants of the individual material phases. The dielectric properties of three-dimensional cement paste models and of simple two-dimensional models of the hypothesized microstructural features are analysed. The model results provide insight into the proposed dielectric amplification mechanism in real cement paste.
C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208.
NIST,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP COVERDALE, RT (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA.
NR 22
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 19
BP 4984
EP 4992
DI 10.1007/BF01151088
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA PL024
UT WOS:A1994PL02400007
ER
PT J
AU CAHN, JW
KALONJI, G
AF CAHN, JW
KALONJI, G
TI SYMMETRIES OF GRAIN-BOUNDARY TRIJUNCTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Atomic Scale Imperfections in Materials - R W Balluffi
Fest, at the Fall 1993 Materials-Research-Society Meeting
CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1993
CL BOSTON, MA
SP MAT RES SOC
DE INTERFACES; THIN FILMS; EPITAXIAL GROWTH; DEFECTS; MICROSTRUCTURE
ID 001 TWIST BOUNDARIES; DISCLINATIONS; GOLD
AB Some general properties of trijunctions are examined by considering the case of highly symmetric cubic microstructures in which there are only three grain orientations, rotated 30 degrees about a common (001) from each other. We find in this example that there are two families of trijunctions along the common (001). In one family there are two structures with 2-dimensional projected point symmetry 3m, one with point symmetry 3, two with point symmetry m and one with point symmetry 1. In the other family, there are two with m and one with 1. In addition, when the trijunction is not along the common (001), two kinds of trijunctions with symmetry m and a trijunction with symmetry 1 can occur. Many of these symmetries have been found by Dahmen and co-workers. In microstructures with trijunctions along the common (001), adjacent trijunctions must belong to different families. This places severe restrictions on microstructure topology and on grain growth, and is expected to be of particular significance for problems in epitaxy. Application of the principles of symmetry dictated extrema suggest that the family of less symmetric trijunctions will often deviate from the common (001), and further reveals that the usual conditions for dihedral angles are not sufficient for full equilibrium.
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CAHN, JW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 10
BP 1017
EP 1022
DI 10.1016/0022-3697(94)90121-X
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PV616
UT WOS:A1994PV61600016
ER
PT J
AU THOMSON, R
AF THOMSON, R
TI THE LATTICE STABILITY OF INTERFACIAL CRACKS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Atomic Scale Imperfections in Materials - R W Balluffi
Fest, at the Fall 1993 Materials-Research-Society Meeting
CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1993
CL BOSTON, MA
SP MAT RES SOC
DE FRACTURE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
AB The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical stability of a crack on an interface in a 2D hexagonal lattice. The force laws are chosen to highlight both low trapping and moderate trapping situations. The results are that the continuum crack extension law is centered within the stability region, but that the stability region is limited in the shear direction by lattice breakdown in shear at the crack tip and consequent dislocation emission. Dislocation formation is found to be an easy process for moderate sized cracks due to the mode mixing at the crack tips.
RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 10
BP 1165
EP 1168
DI 10.1016/0022-3697(94)90134-1
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PV616
UT WOS:A1994PV61600029
ER
PT J
AU HUANG, Q
SOUBEYROUX, JL
CHMAISSEM, O
NATALISORA, I
SANTORO, A
CAVA, RJ
KRAJEWSKI, JJ
PECK, WF
AF HUANG, Q
SOUBEYROUX, JL
CHMAISSEM, O
NATALISORA, I
SANTORO, A
CAVA, RJ
KRAJEWSKI, JJ
PECK, WF
TI NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF SR2RUO4
AND SR2IRO4 AT ROOM-TEMPERATURE AND AT 10-K
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY
AB The crystal structures of the compounds Sr2RuO4 and Sr2IrO4 have been analyzed at room temperature and at 10 K with the neutron powder diffraction technique and the Rietveld method of profile fitting. Sr2RuO4 Crystallizes with the symmetry of space group I4/mmm and room temperature lattice parameters a = 3.8730(3) and c = 12.7323(9) angstrom, while Sr2IrO4 has the symmetry of space group I4(1)/acd and lattice parameters a = 5.4994(l) and c = 25.7841(8) angstrom. The unit cells of the two compounds are related to one another by the transformation matrix (1, - 1, 0/ 1, 1, 0/0, 0, 2). The main difference between the two structures is that the MO6 octahedra (M = Ru, Ir) have a regular, undistorted configuration in the ruthenium compound, while they are tilted by about 11-degrees around the c axis of the unit cell in the iridium compound. The oxygen atoms of the IrO2 layers were found to be disordered over two sets of positions x, x, 1/4 with x = 1/4 +/- delta. This means that the IrO6 octahedra assume two configurations and on a local level their relative orientation does not obey the symmetry requirements of space group I4(1)/acd in all cases. The MO6 octahedra are elongated along the c axis, and this distortion is more pronounced in Sr2RuO4 than in Sr2IrO4. The coordination of the strontium atoms is ninefold in both compounds. Because of the tilting of the IrO6 octahedra, however, the coordination polyhedra are different in the two cases. No phase transitions have been observed down to 10 K in either compound. (C) 1994 Academic Press, inc.
C1 AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA.
UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA.
RP HUANG, Q (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RI Natali Sora, Isabella/C-8357-2011
NR 17
TC 128
Z9 128
U1 7
U2 69
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 112
IS 2
BP 355
EP 361
DI 10.1006/jssc.1994.1316
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PK737
UT WOS:A1994PK73700024
ER
PT J
AU TAYLOR, JE
CAHN, JW
AF TAYLOR, JE
CAHN, JW
TI LINKING ANISOTROPIC SHARP AND DIFFUSE SURFACE MOTION LAWS VIA GRADIENT
FLOWS
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE GRADIENT FLOWS; INNER PRODUCTS; MORPHOLOGY; MOTION BY CURVATURE; MOTION
BY LAPLACIAN OF CURVATURE; PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS;
SURFACE DIFFUSION; WEIGHTED MEAN CURVATURE; CAHN-HILLIARD EQUATION;
ALLEN-CAHN EQUATION; SHARP INTERFACES; DIFFUSE INTERFACES; ANISOTROPY;
PHASE FIELD
ID PHASE
AB We compare four surface motion laws for sharp surfaces with their diffuse interface counterparts by means of gradient flows on corresponding energy functionals. The energy functionals can be defined to give the same dependence on normal direction for the energy of sharp plane surfaces as for their diffuse counterparts. The anisotropy of the kinetics can be incorporated into the inner product without affecting the energy functional.
C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP TAYLOR, JE (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA.
NR 20
TC 98
Z9 98
U1 0
U2 8
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0022-4715
J9 J STAT PHYS
JI J. Stat. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 1-2
BP 183
EP 197
DI 10.1007/BF02186838
PG 15
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA PP722
UT WOS:A1994PP72200011
ER
PT J
AU SHANG, EC
WANG, YY
GEORGES, TM
AF SHANG, EC
WANG, YY
GEORGES, TM
TI DISPERSION AND REPOPULATION OF HEARD-ASCENSION MODES
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; GROUP-VELOCITY
AB The propagation of acoustic modes over the 9140-km underwater path to Ascension during the Heard Island Feasibility Experiment is simulated. Using a modal decomposition of the parabolic-equation field, we find that mode coupling at the circumpolar. front has significant impact on modal dispersion and modal repopulation, which complicates the pulse-arrival sequence. Modal dispersion and modal repopulation are calculated at eleven frequencies from 52 to 62 Hz, and the effects on pulse spreading are shown.
C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP SHANG, EC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 4
BP 2371
EP 2379
DI 10.1121/1.410109
PG 9
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA PL708
UT WOS:A1994PL70800043
ER
PT J
AU PALMER, DR
GEORGES, TM
WILSON, JJ
WEINER, LD
PAISLEY, JA
MATHIESEN, R
PLESHEK, RR
MABE, RR
AF PALMER, DR
GEORGES, TM
WILSON, JJ
WEINER, LD
PAISLEY, JA
MATHIESEN, R
PLESHEK, RR
MABE, RR
TI RECEPTION AT ASCENSION OF THE HEARD ISLAND FEASIBILITY TEST
TRANSMISSIONS
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
AB At Ascension, about 9200 km from the source ship, all transmissions from the Heard Island Feasibility Test were recorded on at least eight hydrophones and, for many transmissions, on 11 hydrophones. The depths of most of these hydrophones are near the depth of the sound channel axis but some are considerably deeper. All are bottom mounted. Signal-to-noise ratios were found to be surprisingly high. Averaged over the continuous wave (cw) transmissions and in a l-Hz band, signal-to-noise ratios for the axial hydrophones south of the island range from about 19 to 30 decibels (dB), adjusted to a source level of 220 dB (referenced to 1 mu Pa at 1 m). The average signal-to-noise ratio for a hydrophone at a depth approximately 0.8 km below the axis is about 16 dB, suggesting acoustic energy was not restricted to a narrow interval in depth centered about the sound channel axis as had been anticipated. The travel time of the earliest arrival was found to be about 1 h, 44 min, 17 s. A late, scattered signal was observed for at least 23 min after termination of the direct signal. An unexpected combination of phase stability and amplitude variability was observed in the received signals. Continuing analysis of the Ascension data set is likely to provide considerable information about the characteristics of acoustic signals that have propagated global distances.
C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
COMP SCI RAYTHEON CO,PATRICK AFB,FL 32925.
RP PALMER, DR (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 4
BP 2432
EP 2440
DI 10.1121/1.411317
PG 9
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA PL708
UT WOS:A1994PL70800050
ER
PT J
AU GEORGES, TM
BODEN, LR
PALMER, DR
AF GEORGES, TM
BODEN, LR
PALMER, DR
TI FEATURES OF THE HEARD ISLAND SIGNALS RECEIVED AT ASCENSION
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; TIME
AB The Heard Island transmissions were received 9140 km away at Ascension Island by an irregular array of bottom-mounted hydrophones. The single-hydrophone signal-to-noise ratio sometimes exceeded 30 dB in a 1-Hz band, confirming the detectability of 57-Hz underwater sound at global distances. The arrival-time pattern consists of a single broad pulse about 10 s long, whose fine structure decorrelates in about 12 min, in sharp contrast with the stable, discrete sequences observed over shorter, midlatitude paths. The amplitude fluctuations of both the fine arrival structure and the unmodulated receptions are uncorrelated between hydrophones as little as 3.4 km apart. Phase varies less than one cycle during a 1-h transmission after correcting for source motion, and the rms phase difference between hydrophones is about 3 rad averaged over the array. Phasor diagrams suggest that the effects of both source motion and ocean dynamics vary over the array. The probability density functions of the real and imaginary parts of a downshifted cw transmission are nearly Gaussian.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA.
RP NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 4
BP 2441
EP 2447
DI 10.1121/1.410116
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA PL708
UT WOS:A1994PL70800051
ER
PT J
AU BOWLES, AE
SMULTEA, M
WURSIG, B
DEMASTER, DP
PALKA, D
AF BOWLES, AE
SMULTEA, M
WURSIG, B
DEMASTER, DP
PALKA, D
TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF MARINE MAMMALS EXPOSED TO
TRANSMISSIONS FROM THE HEARD ISLAND FEASIBILITY TEST
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BOWHEAD WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA
AB The Heard Island Feasibility Test source transmitted a hum at 209-220 dB re: 1 mu Pa at 175-m depth, centered on 57 Hz with a maximum bandwidth of 30 Hz for 1 h of every 3. Experienced marine mammal observers conducted line-transect surveys and monitored marine mammal behavior visually and acoustically in a 70 X 70 km square centered on the transmission site. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 19 of pinnipeds were sighted from both vessels before the start of transmissions. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 23 of pinnipeds were sighted during transmissions. Blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales were sighted during the base line period; blue, sperm, and possibly sei (B. borealis) whales were sighted during the transmission period. More schools of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) were sighted during transmissions, but fewer groups of pilot whales (Globicephala melas), southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons), and minke whales (B. acutorostrata). The density of all cetaceans was 0.0157 groups/km(2) before the transmissions and 0.0166 groups/km(2) during. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and southern,elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were seen, but not in sufficient numbers to estimate abundance. One blue whale tracked before, during and after a transmission changed respiration and reorientation rates, but did not avoid the source detectably. Sperm whales and pilot whales were heard in 23% of 1181 min of baseline acoustic surveys; but in none of 1939 min during the transmission period. Both species were heard within 48 h after the end of the test.
C1 MARINE MAMMAL RES PROGRAM,GALVESTON,TX 77553.
SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038.
RP BOWLES, AE (reprint author), HUBBS SEA WORLD RES INST,1700 S SHORES RD,SAN DIEGO,CA 92109, USA.
NR 31
TC 37
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 96
IS 4
BP 2469
EP 2484
DI 10.1121/1.410120
PG 16
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA PL708
UT WOS:A1994PL70800055
PM 7963037
ER
PT J
AU PADTURE, NP
LAWN, BR
AF PADTURE, NP
LAWN, BR
TI TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF A SILICON-CARBIDE WITH AN IN-SITU INDUCED
HETEROGENEOUS GRAIN-STRUCTURE
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH PROPERTIES;
BRITTLE MATERIALS; CRACK-RESISTANCE; 2-PHASE CERAMICS; ALUMINA; MODEL;
SIZE; DAMAGE
AB Toughness characteristics of a heterogeneous silicon carbide with a coarsened and elongated grain structure and an intergranular second phase are evaluated relative to a homogeneous, fine-grain control using indentation-strength data. The heterogeneous material exhibits a distinctive flaw tolerance, indicative of a pronounced toughness curve. Quantative evaluation of the data reveals an enhanced toughness in the long-crack region, with the implication of degraded toughness in the short-crack region. The enhanced long-crack toughness is identified with crack-interface bridging. The degraded short-crack toughness is attributed to weakened grain or interface boundaries and to internal residual stresses from thermal expansion mismatch. A profound manifestitation of the toughness-curve behavior is a transition in the nature of mechanical damage in Hertzian contacts, from classical single-crack cone fracture in the homogeneous control to distributed subsurface damage in the heterogeneous material.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009
OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559
NR 39
TC 212
Z9 213
U1 1
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 10
BP 2518
EP 2522
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04637.x
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA PM483
UT WOS:A1994PM48300004
ER
PT J
AU WHITE, GS
RAYNES, AS
VAUDIN, MD
FREIMAN, SW
AF WHITE, GS
RAYNES, AS
VAUDIN, MD
FREIMAN, SW
TI FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR OF CYCLICALLY LOADED PZT
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CERAMICS
AB The fracture behavior of PZT specimens driven at their resonant frequency by the application of an ac voltage was investigated and compared with fracture behavior of monotonically loaded PZT. Microcracking was observed in the cyclically loaded specimens; above 150-degrees-C, the microcracks were dispersed in small clusters, while at T less-than-or-equal-to 86-degrees-C, microcracks were generated in a densely populated region near the failure site (indentation). Macrocrack growth also demonstrated a temperature dependence, with crack growth occurring at T > 150-degrees-C but not at T less-than-or-equal-to 86-degrees-C.
RP WHITE, GS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889, USA.
NR 12
TC 78
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 10
BP 2603
EP 2608
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04649.x
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA PM483
UT WOS:A1994PM48300016
ER
PT J
AU SKAMSER, DJ
BENTZ, DP
COVERDALE, RT
SPOTZ, MS
MARTYS, N
JENNINGS, H
JOHNSON, DL
AF SKAMSER, DJ
BENTZ, DP
COVERDALE, RT
SPOTZ, MS
MARTYS, N
JENNINGS, H
JOHNSON, DL
TI CALCULATION OF THE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AND GAS-PERMEABILITY IN A
UNIAXIAL BUNDLE OF FIBERS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; KNUDSEN DIFFUSIVITIES;
CERAMIC COMPOSITES; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; FABRICATION; DISPERSIONS;
CYLINDERS; BOUNDS
AB A model of the local microstructure of a bundle of fibers is simulated and used as the basis for calculations of transport properties. This, in turn, can be used in a macroscopic model of the chemical vapor infiltration process. An expanding/overlapping circle representation of the microstructure simulates the deposition of matrix in a uniaxial bundle of fibers. An iterative heat conduction algorithm is used to calculate the transverse thermal conductivity based on the thermal conductivities of the solid and gas phases. The permeability of gas through the microstructure is calculated for flow both parallel and transverse to overlapping cylinders using a Stokes equation and assuming a Darcy's law behavior. Both the simulations of the microstructure and associated calculations of the transport properties compare favorably with experimental data. Darcy's law for the behavior of gas in a bundle of fibers is shown to be valid for gas pressures of 5-13 kPa.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
MASTER BUILDERS TECHNOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44122.
ILLINOIS SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,EVANSTON,IL 60201.
RP SKAMSER, DJ (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA.
NR 46
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 10
BP 2669
EP 2680
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04660.x
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA PM483
UT WOS:A1994PM48300027
ER
PT J
AU READER, J
SUGAR, J
ACQUISTA, N
BAHR, R
AF READER, J
SUGAR, J
ACQUISTA, N
BAHR, R
TI LASER-PRODUCED AND TOKAMAK SPECTRA OF LITHIUM-LIKE IRON, FE23+
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPROVED WAVELENGTHS; PROMINENT LINES; SOLAR SPECTRUM; ENERGY-LEVELS;
LI-LIKE; TRANSITIONS; IDENTIFICATIONS; PROGRAM; XXVI; IONS
AB Spectra of highly ionized iron were generated in a laser-produced plasma and a tokamak. In the spectra from the laser-produced plasma new lines of Fe23+ were observed that were identified as 3s-4p, 3p-4d, and 3d-4f transitions. The measured wavelengths of these lines were combined with measurements of the 2s-2p resonance lines measured in the tokamak plasma and with earlier measurements of n = 2 to n = 3 transitions to yield an improved system of energy levels for Fe23+. The measured wavelengths are compared with ab initio theoretical values calculated with a Dirac-Fock code. With the 4f energy levels, which are nearly hydrogenic, an improved ionization energy of 16 503 000 +/- 1400 cm(-1) (2046.11 +/- 0.17 eV) was determined.
C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,LASER ENERGET LAB,ROCHESTER,NY 14623.
RP READER, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 10
BP 1930
EP 1934
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.001930
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PL223
UT WOS:A1994PL22300002
ER
PT J
AU POIRIER, GE
TARLOV, MJ
RUSHMEIER, HE
AF POIRIER, GE
TARLOV, MJ
RUSHMEIER, HE
TI 2-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID-PHASE AND THE PX-ROOT-3-PHASE OF ALKANETHIOL
SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS ON AU(111)
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Letter
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; GOLD SURFACES; ADSORPTION
AB Alkanethiols CH3(CH2)(n)-1SH (C-n n = 4, 6, 8, 10) were self-assembled from ethanolic solutions onto a single-crystal Au(111) surface and characterized using an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Short-chain homologues (C-4 and C-6) exhibited a two-dimensional (2-D) liquid phase at room temperature. Facile mass transport of surface gold atoms was observed in the presence of the liquid phase. The short-chain homologues exhibited slow desorption of surface thiolate which led to the nucleation and growth of ordered domains having a unit cell of p x root 3 (8 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 10). No 2-D liquid phase was observed for longer chain homologues (C-8 and C-10).
RP POIRIER, GE (reprint author), NIST,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 245
Z9 246
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 10
BP 3383
EP 3386
DI 10.1021/la00022a004
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA PN287
UT WOS:A1994PN28700004
ER
PT J
AU TERECH, P
RODRIGUEZ, V
BARNES, JD
MCKENNA, GB
AF TERECH, P
RODRIGUEZ, V
BARNES, JD
MCKENNA, GB
TI ORGANOGELS AND AEROGELS OF RACEMIC AND CHIRAL 12-HYDROXYOCTADECANOIC
ACID
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; SYSTEM;
AGGREGATION; DIFFRACTION; MESOPHASES; MONOLAYER; FIBERS
AB Gels were prepared by cooling dilute solutions of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12-HOA), a fatty acid surfactant, in a variety of organic solvents. Both the racemic (DL) and chiral (D) forms of 12-HOA were used. Small angle neutron scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and wide-angle X-ray scattering investigations demonstrated basic similarities between the chiral and the racemic gels. The gels are three-dimensional networks of fibers of rectangular cross-sectional shape with varying aspect ratio and thickness. The fiber network is strengthened by junction points where the molecules pack in a monoclinic crystalline form. ''Head to head'' contacts between the carboxylic acid groups and the formation of multiple hydrogen sequences are ubiquitous in these gels.
C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE.
NIST,DIV POLYMERS,STRUCT & MECH GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Rodriguez, Vincent/B-9163-2008; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI Rodriguez, Vincent/0000-0001-6804-9757; McKenna,
Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 35
TC 161
Z9 163
U1 5
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 10
BP 3406
EP 3418
DI 10.1021/la00022a009
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA PN287
UT WOS:A1994PN28700009
ER
PT J
AU LACEY, PI
AF LACEY, PI
TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LUBRICITY TEST BASED ON THE TRANSITION FROM BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION TO SEVERE ADHESIVE WEAR IN FUELS
SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; BENCH TEST; CORROSION INHIBITOR; DIESEL; ADHESIVE
WEAR; VISCOSITY; HUMIDITY; POLISHING; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; CORROSION;
SCUFFING; OXIDATIVE WEAR
ID SURFACE
AB Severe refinery practices to remove naturally occurring sulfur compounds affect fuel lubricity, and a laboratory wear test that accurately defines the lubricating qualities of diesel and kerosene fuels is urgently needed. This paper details the development of two closely related laboratory test procedures that predict fuel-related wear, cognizant of the contact conditions in full-scale equipment. Most preceding methodologies measure the wear scar produced under conditions of boundary lubrication in continuous sliding. In contrast, the tests described in the present study rely on the transition from mild boundary-lubricated wear to adhesive scuffing to define the lubricating qualities of the fuel. The resulting procedures allow the fuels to be either ranked using a continuous scale, or separated using a simple pass/fail criteria. Careful selection of the test parameters produced a sharp change in both friction and wear at the mechanism transition and wide separation between acceptable and unacceptable fluids. Both procedures were sensitive to the addition of trace quantities of lubricity additives and also showed directional correlation with refinery severity, as measured by sulfur and aromatic content. As a result, excellent correlation was achieved with full-scale equipment tests performed at a number of locations. However, the correlation achieved between laboratory wear tests and full-scale equipment fell below a critical viscosity.
C1 NIST,WASHINGTON,DC.
RP LACEY, PI (reprint author), USA,BELVOIR FUELS & LUBRICANTS RES FACIL,SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 7
PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS
PI PARK RIDGE
PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068
SN 0024-7154
J9 LUBR ENG
JI Lubric. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 10
BP 749
EP 757
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA PK426
UT WOS:A1994PK42600001
ER
PT J
AU BAILEY, KM
MACKLIN, SA
AF BAILEY, KM
MACKLIN, SA
TI ANALYSIS OF PATTERNS IN LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA
SURVIVAL AND WIND MIXING EVENTS IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, GULF OF ALASKA
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; HATCH DATE; 0
ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; WESTERN GULF; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; OTOLITH
ANALYSIS; MARINE FISH; BERING SEA; PLANKTON; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT;
GROWTH
AB This study examines the possibility that wind mixing in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, is a critical factor for larvae of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. The abundances of walleye pollock larvae hatched on a given day and surviving through the early feeding stage were determined by in situ sampling and otolith analysis for 1983 and 1985 to 1991. Periods of anomalously low or high larval survival were determined by comparing observed first-feeding date distributions of survivors sampled in late May surveys with expected first-feeding date distributions from a model utilizing information on spawning time and abundance, measured egg mortality, assumed larval mortality, and survey date. The cube of the wind speed represented daily estimates of mixing for the same years; wind speeds were determined from gridded sea-level pressure data using a geotriptic wind model. When the resulting daily distributions of larval abundance and mixing were compared, 2 patterns emerged: (1) strong wind mixing events during the first-feeding period were associated with periods of lower than expected larval survival, and (2) periods of higher than expected larval survival were associated with calm with periods often bracketed by strong mixing. The results indicate that over the 8 yr of observation strong mixing events during the first-feeding period were detrimental to survival of pollock larvae.
C1 NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
RP BAILEY, KM (reprint author), NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
NR 60
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 113
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.3354/meps113001
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA PP389
UT WOS:A1994PP38900001
ER
PT J
AU BENNETT, RH
ALMAGOR, G
CHANEY, RC
MEYER, M
WARD, R
RICHARDS, AF
KELLER, GH
NOORANY, I
BRYANT, WR
TAYLOR, E
SCHIFFMAN, R
YOO, NJ
ZNIDARCIC, D
SILVA, AJ
LEVY, WP
AF BENNETT, RH
ALMAGOR, G
CHANEY, RC
MEYER, M
WARD, R
RICHARDS, AF
KELLER, GH
NOORANY, I
BRYANT, WR
TAYLOR, E
SCHIFFMAN, R
YOO, NJ
ZNIDARCIC, D
SILVA, AJ
LEVY, WP
TI GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS FROM WALVIS RIDGE, DEEP-SEA
DRILLING PROJECT, LEG-75, HOLE-532A (REPRINTED FROM INITIAL REPORTS OF
THE DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT, VOL 75, 1984)
SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Reprint
ID CONSOLIDATION
AB During Leg 75 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) from the D/V Glomar Challenger, a 200-m deep hole was drilled at Hole 532A on the eastern side of Walvis Ridge at a water depth of 1331 m. Sediment cores were obtained by means of a hydraulic piston corer. All of the cores from this boring were designated for geotechnical studies and were distributed among eight institutions. The results of laboratory studies on these sediment cores were compiled and analyzed Sediment properties, including physical characteristics, strength, consolidation, and permeability were studied to evaluate changes as a function of depth of burial. It was concluded that the sediment profile to the explored depth of 200 m at Walvis Ridge consists of approximately 50 m of foram-nannofossil marl (Subunit 1a) over 64 m of diatom-nannofossil marl (Subunit 1b) over nannofossil marl (Subunit 1c) to the depth explored. All three sediment units appear to be normally consolidated although some anomalies seem to exist to a depth of 120 m. No distinct differences were found among the sediment properties of the three subunits (1a, 1b, and 1c) identified at this site.
C1 HUMBOLT STATE UNIV,ARCATA,CA.
LEHIGH UNIV,BETHLEHEM,PA.
OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR.
SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA.
TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX.
UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO.
UNIV RHODE ISL,NARRAGANSETT,RI.
RP BENNETT, RH (reprint author), ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPH & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL, USA.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 1064-119X
J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC
JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 12
IS 4
BP 297
EP 339
PG 43
WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining &
Mineral Processing
SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA RE453
UT WOS:A1994RE45300003
ER
PT J
AU DAHLEHEIM, ME
TOWELL, RG
AF DAHLEHEIM, ME
TOWELL, RG
TI OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHINS
(LAGENORHYNCHUS OBLIQUIDENS) IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA, WITH NOTES ON AN
ATTACK BY KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS-ORCA)
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
RP DAHLEHEIM, ME (reprint author), NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 5
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 4
BP 458
EP 464
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00501.x
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA PP912
UT WOS:A1994PP91200006
ER
PT J
AU MULLIN, KD
HIGGINS, LV
JEFFERSON, TA
HANSEN, LJ
AF MULLIN, KD
HIGGINS, LV
JEFFERSON, TA
HANSEN, LJ
TI SIGHTINGS OF THE CLYMENE DOLPHIN (STENELLA CLYMENE) IN THE
GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,MARINE MAMMAL RES PROGRAM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
RP MULLIN, KD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CTR SE FISHERIES SCI,PO DRAWER 1207,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568, USA.
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 4
BP 464
EP 470
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00502.x
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA PP912
UT WOS:A1994PP91200007
ER
PT J
AU SIEWERT, TA
AUSTIN, MW
AF SIEWERT, TA
AUSTIN, MW
TI THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF OUT-OF-PLANE MATERIAL TO A SCANNED-BEAM
LAMINOGRAPHY IMAGE
SO MATERIALS EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
AB We studied the edge of a thin step wedge with a scanned-beam laminography system to learn how material above and below the plane of focus contributes to the image. The edge of a planar, 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) thick lead sheet with large x and y dimensions was centered in the field of view. Images were captured as the lead sheet was moved in 0.075 mm (0.003 in.) steps above and below the plane of focus of the system. The blurring (measured as its width on the image) was no more than 0.1 mm (0.004 in., or the system resolution) when the sheet was in focus and increased linearly with the deviation from focus. Blurring of out-of-plane objects is an essential feature of this laminography system, and is used to minimize the contribution to the image from material above and below the plane of focus. The gray-level intensity in the blur changed approximately linearly over its entire width (linear change from dark to light). We also imaged various three-dimensional structures to show the ability of laminography to resolve different planes of focus.
RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST
PI COLUMBUS
PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518
SN 0025-5327
J9 MATER EVAL
JI Mater. Eval.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 52
IS 10
BP 1194
EP 1198
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA PL076
UT WOS:A1994PL07600008
ER
PT J
AU BOISVERT, RF
AF BOISVERT, RF
TI THE ARCHITECTURE OF AN INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
REPOSITORY SYSTEM
SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Expert Systems for Scientific Computing
CY MAY 17-19, 1993
CL PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN
SP INT ASSOC MATH & COMP SIMULAT, NATL SCI FDN
HO PURDUE UNIV
DE MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE; SOFTWARE ADVISORY SYSTEM; SOFTWARE CROSS-INDEX;
SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL SOFTWARE; VIRTUAL SOFTWARE REPOSITORY
AB Much reusable software is available for solving routine mathematical and statistical problems. Unfortunately, locating this software is often quite difficult in current distributed computing environments. The Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS) virtual software repository seeks to remedy this by providing users with convenient access to thousands of software modules physically distributed among several Internet repositories, including netlib. In this paper the author will illustrate the use of GAMS, describe its implementation, and outline plans for the incorporation of expert advisory capabilities.
RP BOISVERT, RF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
OI Boisvert, Ronald/0000-0002-4445-1044
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4754
J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT
JI Math. Comput. Simul.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 36
IS 4-6
BP 269
EP 279
DI 10.1016/0378-4754(94)90062-0
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science,
Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA PR898
UT WOS:A1994PR89800002
ER
PT J
AU JANOWIAK, JE
ARKIN, PA
MORRISSEY, M
AF JANOWIAK, JE
ARKIN, PA
MORRISSEY, M
TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE DIURNAL CYCLE IN OCEANIC TROPICAL RAINFALL USING
SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CLUSTERS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WEST-AFRICA; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION;
PACIFIC; CLIMATOLOGIES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SUMMER
AB Diurnal variations in tropical cold cloudiness are examined for the period 1986-90 for each 2.5-degrees latitude-longitude area in the global Tropics. The fractional coverage of cold cloudiness, as determined from various IR brightness temperature thresholds, has been used as a proxy for tropical convective precipitation, as direct observations of rainfall are unavailable for much of the earth, especially over the oceans. Variations in fractional coverage of cold cloud for three different temperature thresholds are examined: 235, 225, and 215 K. The results of this study indicate that cold cloud is most frequently observed over land between 1800 and 2100 local time and is independent of the temperature threshold used. Over the tropical oceans, however, the time of maximum occurrence of cold cloud varies substantially with the temperature threshold employed. Coldest cloud-top temperatures (< 215 K) are found to occur much earlier in the day than warmer cloud tops and peak between 0300 and 0600 local time, which is consistent with many earlier limited-area studies. This observation is further confirmed from precipitation intensity differences between morning and evening observations from microwave satellite data. An interesting out-of-phase relationship between oceanic and continental convection is also discussed.
Ship reports of weather type from the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set are examined as are hourly rainfall amounts from optical rain gauges on moored buoys that were deployed for the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Both of these data sources also indicate the preference for predawn oceanic heavy rainfall and convective activity. A cursory examination of the diurnal variations in short-range (6 h) rainfall forecasts from the National Meteorological Center Medium-Range Forecast Model are compared with the satellite and in situ results. The daily variations of these forecasts, which are made four times daily, indicate that the diurnal behavior of the model is in reasonable agreement with that of the satellite and in situ observations.
C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COLL GEOSCI,OKLAHOMA CLIMATE SURVEY,NORMAN,OK 73019.
RP JANOWIAK, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC52,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA.
RI Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010
NR 41
TC 113
Z9 115
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 122
IS 10
BP 2296
EP 2311
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2296:AEOTDC>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PG580
UT WOS:A1994PG58000005
ER
PT J
AU SPINDEL, A
TUPPER, ML
MCLAUGHLIN, WL
WHITAKER, HL
OVERETT, T
AF SPINDEL, A
TUPPER, ML
MCLAUGHLIN, WL
WHITAKER, HL
OVERETT, T
TI CALIBRATION OF DOSIMETERS FOR THE CRYOGENIC IRRADIATION OF
COMPOSITE-MATERIALS USING AN ELECTRON-BEAM
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article
AB In order to evaluate materials such as superconducting magnet components for use in the high-dose radiation environment of the large recirculating charged-particle accelerators such as CERN's Large Hadron Collider (Switzerland/France), CEBAF (Virginia), HERA (Hamburg, Germany), Fermilab's Tevatron (Illinois), and the recently cancelled Superconducting Super Collider (Texas), a study of the radiation resistance of these materials was carried out. These materials must withstand absorbed doses as large as 10(7) Gy at a temperature of 4 K and were tested under these conditions using an electron beam from a 20 MeV linear accelerator. This paper describes the dosimetry at such very large doses and how the dose was delivered to the samples.
C1 US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER LAB,DALLAS,TX 75237.
COMPOSITE TECHNOL DEV INC,BOULDER,CO 80301.
FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306.
GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 94
IS 1-2
BP 150
EP 153
DI 10.1016/0168-583X(94)95669-3
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA PL518
UT WOS:A1994PL51800020
ER
PT J
AU HART, RC
YOU, L
GALLAGHER, A
COOPER, J
AF HART, RC
YOU, L
GALLAGHER, A
COOPER, J
TI FAILURES OF THE 4-WAVE-MIXING MODEL FOR CONE EMISSION
SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE CONICAL EMISSIONS; PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS; SODIUM VAPOR; BARIUM
VAPOR; LIGHT; PROPAGATION; RADIATION; SYSTEM
AB Strontium vapor is pumped by an unfocused, single-mode, pulsed dye laser tuned near the 461 nm resonance transition. With blue laser detuning the previously reported red-shifted conical emission is present. We simultaneously resolve in angle and in frequency the emissions from this intense, near-resonant pumping of a ''two-level'' atom. This quantitative spectral and angular discrimination provides uniquely detailed measurements and demonstrates a serious lack of understanding of this highly nonlinear phenomenon.
RP HART, RC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 24
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0030-4018
J9 OPT COMMUN
JI Opt. Commun.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 111
IS 3-4
BP 331
EP 337
DI 10.1016/0030-4018(94)90474-X
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PJ455
UT WOS:A1994PJ45500024
ER
PT J
AU VANBAAK, DA
HOLLBERG, L
AF VANBAAK, DA
HOLLBERG, L
TI PROPOSED SUM-AND-DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR OPTICAL-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT IN
THE NEAR-INFRARED
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMIUM-DOPED FORSTERITE; YAG RING LASER; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR;
TRANSITIONS; OPERATION; DIVISION; STABILIZATION; IODINE
AB We propose a method for the determination of optical frequencies in the near infrared that is based on the nonlinear generation of the optical sum and difference frequencies of two near-infrared lasers followed by the comparison of the sum and difference frequencies with standards in the visible and in the far infrared, respectively. We also address questions of practicability and discuss some examples open to the method.
RP VANBAAK, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 19
BP 1586
EP 1588
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001586
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PJ265
UT WOS:A1994PJ26500028
PM 19855592
ER
PT J
AU MOUNTAIN, RD
THIRUMALAI, D
AF MOUNTAIN, RD
THIRUMALAI, D
TI QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF EFFICIENCY OF MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS
SO PHYSICA A
LA English
DT Article
AB An easily applied, physically motivated algorithm for determining the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations is introduced. The theoretical basis for the algorithm is developed. As an illustration we apply the method to the Lennard-Jones liquid near the triple point. We show that an acceptance ratio of 0.2 is twice as efficient for the purpose of generating a satisfactory sample as is an acceptance ratio of 0.5. There is a strong correlation between the efficiency measure and the diffusion rate of liquid particles during the simulation. We argue that the optimal value of the acceptance ratio is calculable from short Monte Carlo simulations. The method is very general and is applicable to Monte Carlo simulations involving arbitrary potentials.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,IPST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
RP MOUNTAIN, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 12
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4371
J9 PHYSICA A
JI Physica A
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 210
IS 3-4
BP 453
EP 460
DI 10.1016/0378-4371(94)90092-2
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PJ551
UT WOS:A1994PJ55100017
ER
PT J
AU CIRAC, JI
LEWENSTEIN, M
ZOLLER, P
AF CIRAC, JI
LEWENSTEIN, M
ZOLLER, P
TI QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A LASER-COOLED IDEAL-GAS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; FIELD; LIGHT
AB We study a system of bosonic or fermionic atoms in a microscopic trap undergoing laser cooling. We derive a master equation governing the evolution of such a system, and show that the stationary state can be described by Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac distributions. The quantum-statistical character of the atoms exhibits itself in the dynamical behavior of the system and in the statistical properties of fluorescence photons emitted in the stationary state.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM,DEPT FIS APLICADA,E-13071 CIUDAD REAL,SPAIN.
POLISH ACAD SCI,CENTRUM FIZYKI TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND.
RP CIRAC, JI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Lewenstein,
Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
NR 47
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 4
BP 3409
EP 3422
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3409
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PL627
UT WOS:A1994PL62700083
ER
PT J
AU BAND, YB
TUVI, I
SUOMINEN, KA
BURNETT, K
JULIENNE, PS
AF BAND, YB
TUVI, I
SUOMINEN, KA
BURNETT, K
JULIENNE, PS
TI LOSS FROM MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAPS IN STRONG LASER FIELDS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID COLLISIONAL LOSS RATE; ATOMS; STATE
AB We present results for the behavior of loss rates in magneto-optical traps in strong fields. They show that the trap loss rate does not saturate along with the excitation process. On the contrary, it increases with the laser-field intensity inside the region of saturation of the laser transition. We also show that an alternative method, the adiabatic formulation of the optical Bloch equations, can be used to predict the behavior of trap loss over a wide range of temperatures and field intensities.
C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT PHYS,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,CLARENDON LAB,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND.
RP BAND, YB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
RI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/H-9076-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Suominen, Kalle-Antti/0000-0002-1091-2893; Julienne,
Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 4
BP R2826
EP R2829
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA PL627
UT WOS:A1994PL62700008
ER
PT J
AU SUZUKI, M
SUZUKI, IS
BURR, CR
WIESLER, DG
ROSOV, N
KOGA, K
AF SUZUKI, M
SUZUKI, IS
BURR, CR
WIESLER, DG
ROSOV, N
KOGA, K
TI STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF CUCL2 GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION
COMPOUNDS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ZERO-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; QUANTUM SPIN SYSTEMS; TRIANGULAR LATTICE;
CUCL2-INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET;
PHASE-TRANSITION; 2 DIMENSIONS; MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MNCL2-GRAPHITE
AB Structural and magnetic properties of stage-1, stage-2, and stage-3 CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) were studied by means of x-ray, electron- and neutron-diffraction, dc magnetic susceptibility, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The Cu2+ ions form an isosceles triangular lattice with one short side and two longer sides. The in-plane dc magnetic susceptibility shows Curie-Weiss behavior above 150 K, a broad maximum around 62-65 K, indicative of low-dimensional magnetic correlations, and a Curie-type behavior below 20 K, attributable to paramagnetic inhomogeneities in the sample. The temperature and magnitude of the susceptibility maximum are more consistent with a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet than a one-dimensional model, suggesting that the distortion from an equilateral triangular lattice is not an important factor in the magnetic behavior of CuCl2 GIC's. ESR measurements indicate that the local magnetic symmetry of Cu2+ spins is tetragonal. The angular dependence of the ESR linewidth at 4.2 K is explained by the combined effects of a canting of the tetragonal axis from the c axis and a weak anisotropy in the Lande g factor that favors spins to lie in the intercalate plane. No magnetic phase transition is observed from dc magnetic susceptibility down to 1.5 K and magnetic neutron scattering above 0.5 K.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
UNIV TOKYO, INST SOLID STATE PHYS, MINATO KU, TOKYO 106, JAPAN.
RP SUNY BINGHAMTON, DEPT PHYS, BINGHAMTON, NY 13902 USA.
NR 42
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 13
BP 9188
EP 9199
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9188
PG 12
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PL412
UT WOS:A1994PL41200026
ER
PT J
AU EARLY, EA
STEINER, RL
CLARK, AF
CHAR, K
AF EARLY, EA
STEINER, RL
CLARK, AF
CHAR, K
TI EVIDENCE FOR PARALLEL JUNCTIONS WITHIN HIGH-T(C) GRAIN-BOUNDARY
JUNCTIONS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID WEAK LINKS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD;
SHAPIRO STEPS; THIN-FILMS; 1/F NOISE; YBA2CU3O7; ARRAYS
AB Half-integral constant voltage steps were observed in many high-T(c) grain-boundary Josephson junctions of YBa2Cu3O7-delta when a microwave field was applied. Five distinct observed behaviors of the widths of both integral and half-integral steps as a function of microwave amplitude, DELTAI(dc)(I(ac)), are reproduced by simulations of two or three junctions in parallel. This provides quantitative evidence that a single high-T(c) grain-boundary junction is composed of several junctions in parallel. These junctions are formed by the overlap of superconducting filaments on either side of the grain boundary, and the spacing between ones with relatively large critical currents is approximately 20 mum.
C1 CONDUCTUS INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086.
RP EARLY, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MET B-258,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 38
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 13
BP 9409
EP 9418
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9409
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PL412
UT WOS:A1994PL41200053
ER
PT J
AU ROBINSON, RA
PURWANTO, A
KOHGI, M
CANFIELD, PC
KAMIYAMA, T
ISHIGAKI, T
LYNN, JW
ERWIN, R
PETERSON, E
MOVSHOVICH, R
AF ROBINSON, RA
PURWANTO, A
KOHGI, M
CANFIELD, PC
KAMIYAMA, T
ISHIGAKI, T
LYNN, JW
ERWIN, R
PETERSON, E
MOVSHOVICH, R
TI CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND MAGNETISM OF THE HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUND YBBIPT
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
AB The super-heavy-fermion compound YbBiPt has the largest known linear specific-heat coefficient gamma = 8 J mol-1 K-2, and the source of this enormous ''electronic'' specific heat is of great current interest. Here we describe neutron-diffraction studies that indicate its previously reported crystallographic structure to be incorrect. We find that the Pt atom is on the unique site and can be thought of as an interstitial in a fictitious rock-salt structure YbBi, which can in turn be thought of as an ordered form of elemental bismuth. We find no evidence of disorder between sites, occupancy on the nominally vacant site, nor for any tetragonal or rhombohedral distortions or displacements. Furthermore, any ordered magnetic moment at low temperature must be less than 0.25mu(B). The sample contains 8.1 wt.% elemental Bi, and if this is typical of other samples, the previously published values for molar susceptibilities and specific heats should be scaled up by this amount to obtain the intrinsic properties of YbBiPt alone.
C1 NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN.
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003.
TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN.
IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011.
UNIV TSUKUBA,INST MAT SCI,TSUKUBA 305,JAPAN.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA.
RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014
NR 18
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 13
BP 9595
EP 9598
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.9595
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA PL412
UT WOS:A1994PL41200081
ER
PT J
AU HUANG, HN
AF HUANG, HN
TI FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF FLOCS FORMED BY FLUID SHEAR AND DIFFERENTIAL
SETTLING
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE SNOW; FLOCCULATION; VELOCITY; DENSITY; MODEL; TRAJECTORIES;
AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; GEOMETRY; AEROSOL
AB The fractal properties of fine-grained sediment flocs formed by fluid shear and by differential settling were studied through floc porosity-size relationships. Flocs were produced from flocculation tests in a Couette-type flocculator in which fluid shear was the dominant collision mechanism for flocculation, and in a disk-type flocculator in which differential settling was the dominant collision mechanism. Floc samples were then introduced into a settling tube to measure their sizes and settling speeds by a double-exposure photographic method. The porosities of flocs were determined from the settling speed data using a porous sphere settling model. It was found that the flocs produced in the Couette-type flocculator could be regarded as fractals, with a fractal dimension ranging from 1.83 to 1.97. However, the flocs produced in the disk-type flocculator did not exhibit simple scaling behavior and could not be regarded as fractals. The differences in fractal property are due to the differences in floc formation schemes associated with the collision mechanisms. The similarities between experimentally obtained flocs and computer simulated clusters are discussed. The multistage growth model, a formation scheme for flocs formed by fluid shear, is consistent with the cluster-cluster model used in computer simulations. A formation scheme for flocs formed by differential settling is postulated; it is consistent with the particle-cluster model used in computer simulations.
RP HUANG, HN (reprint author), NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA.
NR 32
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-6631
J9 PHYS FLUIDS
JI Phys. Fluids
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 6
IS 10
BP 3229
EP 3234
DI 10.1063/1.868055
PG 6
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA PJ435
UT WOS:A1994PJ43500005
ER
PT J
AU POMMERSHEIM, JM
NGUYEN, T
ZHANG, ZH
HUBBARD, JB
AF POMMERSHEIM, JM
NGUYEN, T
ZHANG, ZH
HUBBARD, JB
TI DEGRADATION O ORGANIC COATINGS ON STEEL - MATHEMATICAL-MODELS AND
PREDICTIONS
SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Tess Award Symposium, at the Fall 1992 ACS Meeting
CY 1992
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, POLYM MAT SCI & ENGN DIV
DE MATHEMATICAL MODEL; CORROSION; COATINGS; ANODIC AND CATHODIC SITES;
BLISTERS; FLUX; DIFFUSION; INTERFACE
ID CATHODIC DISBONDMENT; CORROSION; MECHANISM
AB Conceptual and mathematical models are developed for blistering processes induced by the corrosion of defect-containing coatings on steel substrate ''posed to electrolytes. Models were developed based on cation transport along the coating/steel interface from the anodic sites at the defect to the cathodic sites under the coatings. The models accounted for both an initial induction period before cations have broken through into the blister and a subsequent propagation period when ions accumulate within the blister. The mathematical models are solved analytically to predict cation fluxes and concentrations along the interface and within the blisters. Solutions of the models are expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters. Model variables include blister size, distance between the blister and defect, ion diffusivity and potential gradients. The conditions under which ion transport is likely to be controlled by either potential or concentration gradients are established. Model results indicate that large blisters are more likely to grow than small ones because higher cation concentrations can build up within them. Implications of this conclusion for maintaining the integrity of organic coatings are discussed.
C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP POMMERSHEIM, JM (reprint author), BUCKNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,LEWISBURG,PA 17837, USA.
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0300-9440
J9 PROG ORG COAT
JI Prog. Org. Coat.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 25
IS 1
BP 23
EP 41
DI 10.1016/0300-9440(94)00501-X
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA PK565
UT WOS:A1994PK56500003
ER
PT J
AU DAVID, AW
GRIMES, CB
ISELY, JJ
AF DAVID, AW
GRIMES, CB
ISELY, JJ
TI VATERITE SAGITTAL OTOLITHS IN HATCHERY-REARED JUVENILE RED DRUMS
SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST
LA English
DT Note
ID POLLOCK
AB Aberrant otoliths, although uncommon, have been reported in many fish species. We examined sagittae, lapilli, and asterisci from 1,140 wild and 1,723 hatchery-reared juvenile red drums (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aberrant sagittae were found in 20 hatchery-reared fish. These otoliths, which appeared to be formed from a conglomeration of small spheres, were composed of the vaterite polymorph of calcium carbonate instead of the aragonite polymorph normally found in sagittae. No internal ring structure was present; however, gross external morphological features were similar to normal sagittae. Affected red drums had one normal sagitta, and all lapilli and asterisci were normal. No abnormal sagittae were found in wild fish.
C1 CLEMSON UNIV,NATL BIOL SURVEY,S CAROLINA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CLEMSON,SC 29634.
RP DAVID, AW (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,PANAMA CITY LAB,3500 DELWOOD BEACH RD,PANAMA CITY,FL 32408, USA.
NR 10
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199
SN 0033-0779
J9 PROG FISH CULT
JI Progress. Fish-Cult.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 56
IS 4
BP 301
EP 303
DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0301:VSOIHR>2.3.CO;2
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA PM186
UT WOS:A1994PM18600018
ER
PT J
AU CLARKE, ND
KISSINGER, CR
DESJARLAIS, J
GILLILAND, GL
PABO, CO
AF CLARKE, ND
KISSINGER, CR
DESJARLAIS, J
GILLILAND, GL
PABO, CO
TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE ENGRAILED HOMEODOMAIN
SO PROTEIN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HOMEODOMAIN; PROTEIN STABILITY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE
ID DNA COMPLEX; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REFINEMENT; PROGRAM;
BOX
AB The structure of the Drosophila engrailed homeodomain has been solved by molecular replacement and refined to an R-factor of 19.7% at a resolution of 2.1 Angstrom. This structure offers a high-resolution view of an important family of DNA-binding proteins and allows comparison to the structure of the same protein bound to DNA. The most significant difference between the current structure and that of the 2.8-Angstrom engrailed-DNA complex is the close packing of an extended strand against the rest of the protein in the unbound protein. Structural features of the protein not previously noted include a ''herringbone'' packing of 4 aromatic residues in the core of the protein and an extensive network of salt bridges that covers much of the helix 1-helix 2 surface. Other features that may play a role in stabilizing the native state include the interaction of buried carbonyl oxygen atoms with the edge of Phe 49 and a bias toward statistically preferred side-chain dihedral angles. There is substantial disorder at both ends of the 61 amino acid protein. A 51-amino acid variant of engrailed (residues 6-56) was synthesized and shown by CD and thermal denaturation studies to be structurally and thermodynamically similar to the full-length domain.
C1 AGOURON PHARMACEUT INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121.
DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880.
UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20950.
NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20950.
MIT,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
RP CLARKE, ND (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOPHYS & BIOPHYS CHEM,725 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA.
RI Clarke, Neil/D-9613-2014
NR 24
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 1
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0961-8368
J9 PROTEIN SCI
JI Protein Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 3
IS 10
BP 1779
EP 1787
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA PR260
UT WOS:A1994PR26000018
PM 7849596
ER
PT J
AU MORI, T
DIZDAROGLU, M
AF MORI, T
DIZDAROGLU, M
TI IONIZING-RADIATION CAUSES GREATER DNA-BASE DAMAGE IN RADIATION-SENSITIVE
MUTANT M10 CELLS THAN IN PARENT MOUSE LYMPHOMA L5178Y CELLS
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN;
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; REPAIR; RADIOSENSITIVITY; THYMINE;
INDUCTION; RADICALS
AB DNA base damage in radiation-sensitive mutant M10 cells and parent mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells was studied. Cells were exposed to ionizing radiation in the dose range of 48 to 400 Gy. Chromatin was isolated from cells and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ten DNA base products were identified and quantified. A dose-dependent formation of the products was observed. The yields of products in M10 cells were up to threefold greater than in L5178Y cells. Of the products measured, formamidopyrimidines had the highest difference in their yields between the two cell lines. The greater initial DNA base damage in M10 cells may play a role in their hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation.
C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,ADV SCI & TECHNOL RES INST,DIV RADIAT CHEM,SAKAI,OSAKA 593,JAPAN.
NR 41
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI OAK BROOK
PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521
SN 0033-7587
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 140
IS 1
BP 85
EP 90
DI 10.2307/3578572
PG 6
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA PK821
UT WOS:A1994PK82100012
PM 7938459
ER
PT J
AU VELAZQUEZ, MT
ZALEWSKI, EF
AF VELAZQUEZ, MT
ZALEWSKI, EF
TI ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL RESPONSE CALIBRATION OF A PHOTODETECTOR USING A
SPECTRALLY FLAT DETECTOR AND A SELF-CALIBRATED SILICON PHOTODIODE
SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODES
AB In this communication we describe the absolute spectral response calibration of a photodetector by a method which extends the spectral range of the silicon photodiode self-calibration technique. The self-calibration of a photodiode was performed at the 632.8 nm HeNe laser line and then used to calibration the absolute response of a spectrally flat thermal detector (ECPR). The other characteristics of the thermal detector that are important to this experiment and which we measured are: linearity, uniformity and window transmittance. The thermal experiment was then used to measure the absolute spectral response of a photodetector (DRTIP) in the 350 to 1000 nm wavelength range using a monochromator and a xenon arc as the tunable source. Comparison with previous measurements of this detector's absolute spectral response in the 400 to 800 nm range showed an average difference of -0.1 +/- 0.6%.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR RADIAT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP VELAZQUEZ, MT (reprint author), INST POLITECN NACL,ESCUELA SUPER FIS & MATEMAT,07738 MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA
PI COYOACAN
PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO
SN 0035-001X
J9 REV MEX FIS
JI Rev. Mex. Fis.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 40
IS 5
BP 782
EP 789
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PN184
UT WOS:A1994PN18400009
ER
PT J
AU GARCIA, HA
AF GARCIA, HA
TI TEMPERATURE AND EMISSION MEASURE FROM GOES SOFT-X-RAY MEASUREMENTS
SO SOLAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR CORONA; RADIATION; PLASMA; DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTRA; FLARES
AB GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) X-ray sensors observe the Sun continuously in two broadband soft X-ray channels. These data are collected in real time and are used operationally to detect the onset and the intensity of solar flares. For these purposes it is usually sufficient to monitor. only the soft channel (1-8 Angstrom). The second, harder channel (0.5-4 Angstrom) provides additional information on the state of the coronal plasma. The dual X-ray measurement data are archived and made available to external users for basic research.
The GOES X-ray sensors operate on the ion-chamber principle: measured ion-chamber electric current is proportional to the net ionization rate caused by incident X-ray flux on encapsulated noble gases. The ratio of the outputs of the two channels in electric current, therefore, is uniquely a function of the color temperature of the emitting plasma, and the magnitude of each of the currents is proportional to a quantity, known as the emission measure, that convolves the volume and the density of the emitting plasma.
This paper provides a detailed description of the procedure used for computing color temperature and emission measure from GOES X-ray data, including a table of constants for SMS and GOES Xray sensors that are necessary for reducing the archived data from these satellites. Temperature and theoretical current tables were constructed, for individual GOES sensors, from laboratory calibrations of instrument responses and from synthetic solar X-ray spectra generated by two models of solar thermal X-ray emission: Raymond-Smith and Mewe-Alkemade. Example tables are shown and others are available on request.
Errors that may be incurred from the use of GOES X-ray data in the computation of flare temperatures and emission measures may be classified under four major groups: instrumentinduced errors, including errors of calibration and random measurement errors; environmentally induced errors, due primarily to the ambient energetic electron background; solar influences, including the consequences of the isothermal assumption and the single-source assumption; and uncertainties in the modelled solar synthetic spectrum. These error sources are discussed separately, and a rough estimation of the collective error is made where this is quantitatively feasible. Finally, temperatures and emission measures are computed from GOES data and are compared with those derived from SMM and Hinotori soft X-ray spectrometer data and from broadband photometric data from the PROGNOZ satellite.
RP NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 24
TC 123
Z9 126
U1 2
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-0938
EI 1573-093X
J9 SOL PHYS
JI Sol. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 154
IS 2
BP 275
EP 308
DI 10.1007/BF00681100
PG 34
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PY057
UT WOS:A1994PY05700005
ER
PT J
AU WITCZAK, SC
GAITAN, M
SUEHLE, JS
PECKERAR, MC
MA, DI
AF WITCZAK, SC
GAITAN, M
SUEHLE, JS
PECKERAR, MC
MA, DI
TI THE INTERACTION OF STOICHIOMETRY, MECHANICAL-STRESS, AND INTERFACE-TRAP
DENSITY IN LPCVD SI-RICH SINX-SI STRUCTURES
SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MOS
CAPACITORS; PLASMA; STATES; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; DEVICES; SYSTEM
AB Mechanical and electrical properties were correlated in LPCVD SiN(x)-Si structures through the characterization of six wafers patterned with MNS capacitors whose insulator films were deposited rich in Si under various processing conditions. The samples were measured for mechanical stress at the Si-SiN(x) interface with X-ray diffraction. The deposited SiN(x) films were measured for stoichiometry by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Low-temperature C-V measurements were used for the first time to estimate Si-SiN(x) interface trap densities in the capacitors. The interface trap densities were confirmed with the aid of a model based on a numerical analysis of the capacitor small-signal response. The measurement results indicate that an increase in the Si/N ratio in the insulating films was accompanied by a decrease in the film tensile stress. Those SiN(x) films made sufficiently rich in Si were successfully deposited under compressive stress. Furthermore, a decrease in the magnitude of the stress was accompanied by a decrease in interface trap densities, suggesting that interfacial mechanical stress may be influential in the formation of Si-SiN(x) interface traps. Interface trap densities were lowest in those structures whose insulating films were deposited under compression.
C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
RP WITCZAK, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 51
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0038-1101
J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON
JI Solid-State Electron.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 10
BP 1695
EP 1704
DI 10.1016/0038-1101(94)90216-X
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics,
Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA NZ806
UT WOS:A1994NZ80600004
ER
PT J
AU WU, ST
SONG, MT
CHENG, CC
DRYER, M
AF WU, ST
SONG, MT
CHENG, CC
DRYER, M
TI CORONAL HEATING DUE TO THE EMERGENCE OF MAGNETIC-FLUX
SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE CORONAL HEATING
ID MODEL
AB A self-consistent time-dependent, two-dimensional MHD model with a realistic energy equation is developed to understand the origin of bright coronal emission accompanying the occurrence of a new bipolar magnetic region. The motivation for this study is the interpretation of anticipated observations to be made by the SOHO mission.
C1 UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MECH ENGN, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA.
USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA.
NOAA, ERL, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP UNIV ALABAMA, CTR SPACE PLASMA & AERON RES, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA.
NR 5
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-6308
EI 1572-9672
J9 SPACE SCI REV
JI Space Sci. Rev.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 70
IS 1-2
BP 167
EP 170
DI 10.1007/BF00777861
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PN956
UT WOS:A1994PN95600029
ER
PT J
AU TURK, GC
YU, LJ
KOIRTYOHANN, SR
AF TURK, GC
YU, LJ
KOIRTYOHANN, SR
TI LASER-ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY OF SODIUM ATOMS IN AN AIR
HYDROGEN FLAME WITH MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION
SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
AB Sodium atoms in an air-hydrogen flame at atmospheric pressure have been selectively ionized by laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectroscopy, and the resulting ions have been drawn into a vacuum and detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry. A commercial inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, modified for use with a flame rather than an ICP, was used to sample and detect the LEI ions. Following double-resonance LEI using pulsed dye lasers, the detected sodium ion signal was enhanced by a factor of 350 over that induced by thermal ionization alone. Using a 5 mm laser beam diameter, the LEI signal pulse was found to last for 0.53 ms (FWHM). Spatial studies in which the position of the laser beam relative to the mass spectrometer sampler cone was varied, demonstrated that the ions produced by LEI travel with the flame velocity into the mass spectrometer, with no significant losses due to recombination from as far as 13 mm from the interface.
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015
OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0584-8547
J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B
JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 12-14
BP 1537
EP 1543
DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80128-2
PG 7
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA QD364
UT WOS:A1994QD36400031
ER
PT J
AU EPSTEIN, MS
TURK, GC
YU, LJ
AF EPSTEIN, MS
TURK, GC
YU, LJ
TI A SPECTRAL INTERFERENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN HIGH-PURITY
LEAD AND LEAD-BASE ALLOYS USING ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC-ABSORPTION
SPECTROMETRY AND ZEEMAN-EFFECT BACKGROUND CORRECTION
SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELEMENT LINES; 30 ELEMENTS; OVERCOMPENSATION
AB Arsenic, antimony, and tellurium are determined at part-per-million concentration levels in bullet lead, lead-base alloy, and high purity lead using electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. A spectral interference by lead absorption lines resulting from excited state transitions is observed on both primary arsenic analysis lines, at 193.696 nm and 197.197 nm. Analytical bias caused by the interference at 197.197 nm is eliminated by using temperature programming and temporal resolution.
RP EPSTEIN, MS (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015
OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0584-8547
J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B
JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 12-14
BP 1681
EP 1688
DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80139-8
PG 8
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA QD364
UT WOS:A1994QD36400042
ER
PT J
AU SARASWATI, R
WATTERS, RL
AF SARASWATI, R
WATTERS, RL
TI DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC AND SELENIUM IN SPINACH AND TOMATO LEAVES
REFERENCE MATERIALS USING FLOW-INJECTION AND ATOMIC-ABSORPTION
SPECTROMETRY
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Winter Conference on Flow-Injection Analysis 1994
CY JAN 05-07, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
ID HYDRIDE GENERATION; DIGESTION; ANTIMONY; ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; MERCURY
AB A flow-injection atomic absorption spectrometric method was developed for the determination of twee amounts of arsenic and selenium in proposed spinach and tomato leaves standard reference materials (SRM 1570a and SRM 1573a). The samples were digested with HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4 using reflux column. The experimental details for sample preparation and the flow injection hydride generation method are discussed. The effect of matrix and various acid concentrations on the extraction and absorbance was also studied. The method has detection limits of 0.15 ng As/ml and 0.17 ng Se/ml. Standard Reference Materials (SRM 1571 and 1547) were analyzed and the results agreed well with the certified values.
RP SARASWATI, R (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 28
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1785
EP 1790
DI 10.1016/0039-9140(94)00190-1
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PQ239
UT WOS:A1994PQ23900025
PM 18966133
ER
PT J
AU THACKER, WC
LEWANDOWICZ, R
AF THACKER, WC
LEWANDOWICZ, R
TI DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION AND UNCERTAINTY
SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB The question of what information might be inferred from a set of data is posed in terms of the uncertainties of model variables determined by a least-squares fit. When a dynamical model is fitted to asynoptic data, the uncertainty can be characterized by a region in the model's phase space surrounding the point associated with the best fit. Changes in the shape and orientation of this region as it evolves indicate how information is redistributed dynamically among the model variables, much as kinetic and potential energy might be redistributed. These ideas are illustrated within the context of single and double oscillator systems. Information about the state of a shallow-water model is shown to depend sensitively on the sampling interval of fictitious altimetric data.
RP THACKER, WC (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013
OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0280-6495
J9 TELLUS A
JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 46
IS 5
BP 651
EP 670
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.t01-3-00007.x
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA PU455
UT WOS:A1994PU45500007
ER
PT J
AU GILPIN, M
TAYLOR, BL
AF GILPIN, M
TAYLOR, BL
TI REDUCED DIMENSIONAL POPULATION TRANSITION MATRICES - EXTINCTION
DISTRIBUTIONS FROM MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS
SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Population transition matrices yield a full distribution of extinction times, which is valuable in decision-making for the conservation of small populations. However, matrices of even moderate dimension have proved computationally impractical. A scheme based on a generalization of the Fibonacci series is developed whereby integer population numbers (0, 1, 2, 3,...) can be collapsed in a many-to-one fashion onto an integer series of fewer terms. This homomorphic mapping permits a reduction in dimensionality of matrix models of stochastic population processes, thereby greatly lowering associated computations. Error contributed by reduction in dimensionality is investigated with general models of how growth rate and variance in growth rate change with population size. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038.
RP GILPIN, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA.
NR 8
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0040-5809
J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL
JI Theor. Popul. Biol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 46
IS 2
BP 121
EP 130
DI 10.1006/tpbi.1994.1022
PG 10
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA PL439
UT WOS:A1994PL43900001
ER
PT J
AU IRISOV, VG
AF IRISOV, VG
TI SMALL-SLOPE EXPANSION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE DIFFRACTION ON A
ROUGH-SURFACE
SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA
LA English
DT Article
AB The diffraction and absorption of the plane electromagnetic wave on a rough surface is considered to find the scattering and emissivity of the surface. For this purpose a system of integral equations for unknown surface fields is derived from Green's formula for the Helmholtz equation. The small-slope approach is used to find a solution, i.e. the solution is determined from an expansion over the roughness spectrum that, in the limit of the large-scale roughness, turns out to be the expansion over the slope spectrum.
RP IRISOV, VG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0959-7174
J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA
JI Waves Random Media
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 4
BP 441
EP 452
DI 10.1088/0959-7174/4/4/003
PG 12
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PQ301
UT WOS:A1994PQ30100003
ER
PT J
AU TATARSKII, VI
AF TATARSKII, VI
TI MARKOVIAN NON-GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATION FOR LIGHT-PROPAGATION IN A RANDOM
MEDIUM
SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA
LA English
DT Article
AB A theory is presented for wave propagation in a random medium that generalizes the Markovian-Gaussian approximation to the case of a non-Gaussian probability distribution of refractivity fluctuations. A Poissonian model of refractivity fluctuations that are statistically independent in non-overlapping intervals in the x-direction is used. This model turns out to be Gaussian under appropriate conditions. General solutions are obtained for the mean field and the mutual coherence function of a plane, partially coherent incident wave. These solutions contain a new functional parameter, a characteristic function of the amplitude of dielectric permittivity fluctuations, that affects the shape of the coherence function as well as its spectrum.
RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0959-7174
J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA
JI Waves Random Media
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 4
BP 511
EP 519
DI 10.1088/0959-7174/4/4/008
PG 9
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PQ301
UT WOS:A1994PQ30100008
ER
PT J
AU QUINN, TP
MADIGAN, RB
SIEWERT, TA
AF QUINN, TP
MADIGAN, RB
SIEWERT, TA
TI AN ELECTRODE EXTENSION MODEL FOR GAS METAL ARC-WELDING -
SHORT-CIRCUITING TRANSFER CAN BE PREDICTED WITHIN 9-PERCENT FOR A GIVEN
ELECTRODE FEED SPEED
SO WELDING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ELECTRODE EXTENSION; GMAW; ONE-DIMENSION MODEL; TEMPERATURE PROFILE;
DESCRIBING FUNCTION; SPRAY TRANSFER MODE; WELDING CURRENT; ELECTRODE
FEED SPEED; TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; STEFAN PROBLEM
AB The electrode extension during gas metal arc welding is predicted using a one-dimensional model of the melting electrode. Joule heating in the electrode, heat directly applied to the end of the electrode from the condensing electrons, and heat transferred from the droplet, together with conduction along the electrode are considered. The thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusivity, and the electrical resistivity of the electrode material are allowed to vary with temperature. The steady-state electrode extension is predicted to an accuracy of 1.9 mm (0.074 in.). The onset of short-circuiting as the current is decreased for a given electrode feed speed is predicted within 9%. Dynamic analysis shows that the gas metal arc welding process acts as a low-pass filter for electrode extension with respect to the square of the current (proportional to power) and with respect to electrode feed speed. As the mean welding current is increased, the electrode extension (or arc length if the contact-tube-to-work distance is constant) has a smaller response to perturbations in the current or electrode feed speed. The quasi-linear transfer functions between electrode extension and current squared and between electrode extension and electrode feed speed can be described by one zero, two pole parametric fits. The transfer functions are linear in the amplitude of the excitation up to 10% of the mean excitation. The model transfer functions were verified with experiments.
RP QUINN, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA.
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER WELDING SOC
PI MIAMI
PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA
SN 0043-2296
J9 WELD J
JI Weld. J.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 10
BP S241
EP S248
PG 8
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA PK417
UT WOS:A1994PK41700016
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, RD
IRIKURA, KK
AF JOHNSON, RD
IRIKURA, KK
TI EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATES OF PF2
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ANO BASIS-SETS; NU-3
VIBRATION; ROW ATOMS; HO2; BAND; SPECTRUM
AB The energies of the states below 40000 cm(-1) have been calculated at the CASPT2(3, 8)/ANO level. The symmetry assignments and energies at this level are: (2)A(1) 15798 cm(-1), B-2(2), 21791 cm(-1),B-4(1) 27528 cm(-1), (2)A(1) 40304 cm(-1), B-2(1) 41596 cm(-1), and (4)A(2), 46879 cm(-1). We expect these energies to be within 1500 cm(-1) of experimentally determined energies. These results suggest that the emitting state found in a recent spectroscopic study of PF2 (Chem. Phys. Letters 210 (1993) 362) is not the (4)A(2) state but the B-2(2) state.
RP JOHNSON, RD (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 30
PY 1994
VL 228
IS 1-3
BP 273
EP 278
DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00917-1
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PJ977
UT WOS:A1994PJ97700044
ER
PT J
AU FRONTICELLI, C
PECHIK, I
BRINIGAR, WS
KOWALCZYK, J
GILLILAND, GL
AF FRONTICELLI, C
PECHIK, I
BRINIGAR, WS
KOWALCZYK, J
GILLILAND, GL
TI CHLORIDE-ION INDEPENDENCE OF THE BOHR EFFECT IN A MUTANT HUMAN
HEMOGLOBIN BETA(V1M+H2DELETED)
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
BINDING-SITE; RESOLUTION
AB A mutant human hemoglobin, beta(V1M+H2 Delta), has been constructed. Analysis of the oxygen binding curves obtained at pH 8.3, where the Bohr effect is inoperative, indicates that this mutation results in an additional stabilization of the T-state conformation by 0.9 kcal/mol. The crystal structure of deoxy-beta(V1M+H2 Delta) has been determined to 2.2-Angstrom resolution and compared with the deoxy structure of human hemoglobin at the same resolution. In human hemoglobin, a sulfate anion is anchored to the beta-chains by a complex network of H-bonds and electrostatic interactions with the amino terminus and Lys(beta 82). In the mutant hemoglobin, the shortening of the amino-terminal region of the A helix by 1 residue results in the formation of an intrachain electrostatic interaction between the amino-terminal amino and Asp(beta 79). This eliminates the sulfate binding site, and the sulfate is replaced by two water molecules. At variance with human hemoglobin, the alkaline Bohr effect for beta(V1M+H2 Delta) is not sensitive to the presence of Cl-. This indicates that the sulfate binding site in human hemoglobin also serves as a Cl- binding site, and that the amino terminal Val(beta 1) is essential for oxygen-linked Cl- binding to hemoglobin as well as the Cl--dependent Bohr effect. Analysis of the oxygen binding curves indicates that the oxygen-linked Cl- ions are released upon binding of the first oxygen molecule.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
TEMPLE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
RP FRONTICELLI, C (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,108 N GREENE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HLBI-13164, P01 HL48517]
NR 25
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD SEP 30
PY 1994
VL 269
IS 39
BP 23965
EP 23969
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA PQ346
UT WOS:A1994PQ34600020
PM 7929044
ER
PT J
AU KARL, TR
AF KARL, TR
TI CLIMATE-CHANGE - SMUDGING THE FINGERPRINTS
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIC,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,37 BATTERY PK AVE,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA.
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 1
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 29
PY 1994
VL 371
IS 6496
BP 380
EP 381
DI 10.1038/371380a0
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PJ285
UT WOS:A1994PJ28500026
ER
PT J
AU FURUYA, H
MONDELLO, M
YANG, HJ
ROE, RJ
ERWIN, RW
HAN, CC
SMITH, SD
AF FURUYA, H
MONDELLO, M
YANG, HJ
ROE, RJ
ERWIN, RW
HAN, CC
SMITH, SD
TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF ATACTIC POLYSTYRENE .2. COMPARISON WITH
NEUTRON-SCATTERING DATA
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCARBONATE; SYSTEMS
AB Four polystyrene samples, some selectively deuterated, were synthesized by anionic polymerization for neutron scattering measurement. The four are a predeuterated polystyrene, a polystyrene with its phenyl group deuterated, one with its aliphatic backbone deuterated, and a hydrogenous polystyrene. Neutron scattering measurement was performed by a method employing a spin polarization analysis, which allows unambiguous separation of coherent from incoherent scattering. The coherent scattering differential cross section determined in absolute units was compared with calculated curves based on the result of molecular dynamics simulation of atactic polystyrene. The simulation was performed with a united atom model and an all atom model, in both of which the bond lengths were held fixed and the phenyl group was constrained to a rigid, planar hexagon. The curves calculated from the united atom model were seen to agree fairly well with the experimental data within the experimental uncertainties due to counting statistics. The all atom model, however, gave a less satisfactory agreement-a result, which is similar to the one presented in a previous paper where X-ray scattering data in the literature were compared with simulation results. From the simulation, six different pair distribution functions giving the correlations among carbons, backbone hydrogens, and phenyl hydrogens were calculated, and from them the corresponding partial structure factors were evaluated to see the contributions which each type of pair makes to the overall neutron scattering curves.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, MIAMI VALLEY LABS, CINCINNATI, OH 45239 USA.
NR 25
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD SEP 26
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 20
BP 5674
EP 5680
DI 10.1021/ma00098a022
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA PJ324
UT WOS:A1994PJ32400022
ER
PT J
AU DITUSA, JF
CHEONG, SW
PARK, JH
AEPPLI, G
BROHOLM, C
CHEN, CT
AF DITUSA, JF
CHEONG, SW
PARK, JH
AEPPLI, G
BROHOLM, C
CHEN, CT
TI MAGNETIC AND CHARGE DYNAMICS IN A DOPED ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSITION-METAL
OXIDE
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALDANE-GAP; O SYSTEM; CHAIN; SPIN; LA2-XSRXCUO4; Y2BANIO5; LA2CUO4
AB We have measured the electrical resistivity, polarized x-ray absorption, and magnetic neutron scattering for Y2-xCaxBaNi1-yZnyO5 to determine how doping affects the charge and spin dynamics of a Haldane chain compound. While Zn doping, which severs the NiO chains, increases the resistivity beyond that of the pure material, Ca doping introduces holes, residing mainly in the 2p(z) orbital of the oxygens in the NiO chains. Both dopants lead to simple finite size effects above the Haldane gap. In addition, we have discovered that Ca doping yields substantial magnetic states below the Haldane gap.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP DITUSA, JF (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892
NR 31
TC 126
Z9 128
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 13
BP 1857
EP 1860
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1857
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PH256
UT WOS:A1994PH25600031
ER
PT J
AU BIRCH, WR
KNEWTSON, MA
GAROFF, S
SUTER, RM
SATIIA, S
AF BIRCH, WR
KNEWTSON, MA
GAROFF, S
SUTER, RM
SATIIA, S
TI THE MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF AUTOPHOBED MONOLAYERS AND PRECURSING FILMS OF
A CATIONIC SURFACTANT ON THE SILICON-OXIDE SILICON SURFACE
SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Wetting and Interfacial Phenomena, at the 67th Colloid and
Surface Science Symposium
CY JUN 21-23, 1993
CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA
HO UNIV TORONTO
DE AUTOPHOBIC FILM; CATIONIC SURFACTANT; PRECURSING FILM; THIN LIQUID FILM;
WETTING
ID X-RAY; SPECULAR REFLECTION; WATER INTERFACE; WETTING FILMS; BROMIDE;
FORCES; LAYERS; MICA
AB We have used X-ray and neutron reflectivity to probe autophobed layers and precursing films of a cationic surfactant on the SiO2/Si surface. Formed on retraction from solution, the autophobed films are monolayers. In the autophobed film, the polar head group of the surfactant is coordinated with its counterion in a region near the oxide surface. The layer thickness is about 11 angstrom and the area per molecule is about 50 angstrom-2. The tails of the surfactants are disordered. When connected to the meniscus of a bulk surfactant solution and equilibrated with saturated vapor, the autophobed monolayer becomes a precursing film. The layer swells with water hydrating the polar SiO2 surface and head groups.
C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014; Garoff, Stephen/P-7629-2014
OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437; Garoff, Stephen/0000-0001-8148-8535
NR 34
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0927-7757
J9 COLLOID SURFACE A
JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp.
PD SEP 22
PY 1994
VL 89
IS 2-3
BP 145
EP 155
DI 10.1016/0927-7757(94)80114-2
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PM025
UT WOS:A1994PM02500009
ER
PT J
AU DOUGHERTY, TP
GRUBBS, WT
HEILWEIL, EJ
AF DOUGHERTY, TP
GRUBBS, WT
HEILWEIL, EJ
TI PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF RH(CO)(2)(ACETYLACETONATE) AND RELATED METAL
DICARBONYLS STUDIED BY ULTRAFAST INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID RESOLVED IR SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES;
KINETICS; METHANE
AB Ultraviolet-initiated photochemistry and electronic excited state relaxation of Rh(CO)(2)(acac) (acac = acetylacetonate), Cp*Rh(CO)(2) (Cp* = eta(5)-C-5(CH3)(5)), Cp*Ir(CO)(2), and Ir(CO)(2)(acac) in 295 K solutions were studied by ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy. The progress of these dynamics was monitored through changes in the CO-stretch region (near 2000 cm(-1)). Solvent-dependent photochemistry of Rh(CO)(2)(acac) is reported which supports the interpretation of previous metal carbonyl photolysis experiments. Excitation of the other species produces quite different results from that of Rh(CO)(2)(acac). In these compounds no monocarbonyl photoproducts are observed because the CO loss quantum yield is small (approximate to 1%). However, transient bleaches at the CO-stretch frequencies of each compound are found to recover with approximate to 40 ps lifetimes; this recovery is attributed to rapid relaxation of electronic excited states. These results provide guidance for the interpretation of transient spectra of species such as Rh(CO)(2)(acac) which have a high quantum yield for CO loss.
C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 16
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD SEP 22
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 38
BP 9396
EP 9399
DI 10.1021/j100089a007
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PH559
UT WOS:A1994PH55900007
ER
PT J
AU BROCCOLI, AJ
AF BROCCOLI, AJ
TI GLOBAL CHANGE - LEARNING FROM PAST CLIMATES
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP BROCCOLI, AJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA.
RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014
OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 22
PY 1994
VL 371
IS 6495
BP 282
EP 282
DI 10.1038/371282a0
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PH254
UT WOS:A1994PH25400023
ER
PT J
AU PRICE, SD
MANNING, M
LEONE, SR
AF PRICE, SD
MANNING, M
LEONE, SR
TI BOND-FORMING REACTIONS OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULAR DICATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED DISSOCIATION REACTIONS; LABORATORY COLLISION ENERGY;
ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RARE-GASES; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY;
OCS2+; CO2(2+); SINGLE
AB We observe a series of novel reactions involving the formation of chemical bonds in a comprehensive study of the reactivity of eight dications, CF2+, CF22+, CF32+, SF42+, SF32+, SF22+, CO22+, and OCS2+, with the neutral collision partners Xe, D-2, O-2, N-2, NO, and CO. The reactions are detected in a crossed beam apparatus at laboratory-frame collision energies between 30 and 50 eV. The mass-selected dication beam interacts with a pulsed beam of the neutral reactant in a collision region and the ionic products are monitored by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The major reactions for each system are charge transfer processes. However, reactions involving the formation of new chemical bonds contribute significantly to the ion yield (1-20%) for several of the collision systems studied. Two classes of bond-forming reactions are observed, one involving negative ion transfer to the dication and the other involving positive ion transfer from the dication to the neutral reactant. An example of the former is the production of DCF2+ from the reaction between CF22+ and D-2; an example of the latter is the production of XeF+ from the reaction between CF22+ and Xe. Estimates of the appropriate curve-crossing radii for the negative ion transfer reactions give values consistent with a Landau-Zener curve-crossing mechanism. Charge transfer products and collision-induced neutral loss channels are also reported in this study.
C1 UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT CHEM,LONDON WC1H 0AJ,ENGLAND.
UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Price, Stephen/C-2398-2008
NR 25
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 21
PY 1994
VL 116
IS 19
BP 8673
EP 8680
DI 10.1021/ja00098a030
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PH531
UT WOS:A1994PH53100030
ER
PT J
AU IRIKURA, KK
GODDARD, WA
AF IRIKURA, KK
GODDARD, WA
TI ENERGETICS OF 3RD-ROW TRANSITION-METAL METHYLIDENE IONS MCH(2)(+) (M=LA,
HF, TA, W, RE, OS, IR, PT, AU)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BOND-ENERGIES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERIODIC
TRENDS; LASER ABLATION; POSITIVE-IONS; VALENCE-BOND; COMPLEXES;
HYDRIDES; METHANE
AB High-level ab initio calculations, involving multireference configuration interaction and moderately large basis sets, have been performed to determine the metal-carbon bond energies in the metal methylidene ions MCH(2)(+) of the 5d transition series. On the basis of our calculations and available experimental data, the recommended bond energies D(M(+)-CH2) are 98 +/- 1.5 (La), 104 +/- 5 (Hf), 115 +/- 5 (Ta), 111 +/- 3 (W), 97 +/- 4 (Re), 113 +/- 3 (Os), 123 +/- 5 (Ir), 123 +/- 5 (Pt), and 94 +/- 2 (Au) kcal/mol. These bond energies are consistent with the experimentally observed reactivity of the metal ions M(+) with methane. The double-humped pattern is explained in the context of promotion and exchange energies. The arguments are extended in order to estimate metal-methylidyne bond strengths D(M(+)-CH).
C1 CALTECH,BECKMAN INST 13974,CTR MAT & MOLEC SIMULAT,DIV CHEM & CHEM ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91125.
NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 40
TC 101
Z9 102
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 21
PY 1994
VL 116
IS 19
BP 8733
EP 8740
DI 10.1021/ja00098a036
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PH531
UT WOS:A1994PH53100036
ER
PT J
AU KILADIS, GN
MEEHL, GA
WEICKMANN, KM
AF KILADIS, GN
MEEHL, GA
WEICKMANN, KM
TI LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION ASSOCIATED WITH WESTERLY WIND BURSTS AND DEEP
CONVECTION OVER THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; 40-50 DAY
OSCILLATION; 1986-87 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
WAVE DISTURBANCES; SURFACE WINDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; OCEAN
AB The relationship between deep equatorial convection over the western Pacific and atmospheric circulation during November to February, 1986-1992 is studied using cross correlations between outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and National Meteorological Center global analyses. We focus on intraseasonal convective events on the 6- to 30-day timescale over two regions: just east of Borneo and over the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) domain to the northeast of New Guinea. Although comparatively little work has been done on this timescale, we show that the bulk of the intraseasonal variability in both convection and low-level circulation over the tropical western Pacific occurs in this period range. As a comparison with these higher-frequency events, the evolution of COARE convection on the 30- to 70-day timescale is also considered. The results of the historical data analysis are compared to a case study of deep convection associated with strong surface westerly winds during November 1989. This analysis is meant to serve as a benchmark for future case studies from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere COARE experiment and other periods. In general, 6- to 30-day equatorial convection in the regions studied occurs in conjunction with low-level equatorial westerly wind anomalies, paired anomalous cyclonic circulations straddling the equator, and a strengthening of the sea level pressure gradient along the equator. The increase in the pressure gradient appears most often tied to the simultaneous equatorward movement of high-pressure systems originating over southeastern Asia and Australia. A surge of trades over the central Pacific also accompanies the development of convection over both study regions. Following the convective peak, the low-level westerlies slowly decay, as the northern cyclone moves northwestward away from the equator in a track characteristic of a tropical depression. It is also observed that low-level westerly anomalies occur frequently without deep convection. The vertical structure during convective events along the equator on the 30- to 70-day timescale and over Indonesia in the 6- to 30-day band is baroclinic, with easterly anomalies at upper levels overlying low-level westerlies. At 200 mbar a strengthened meridional outflow from the OLR signal into a wave train on the equatorward side of the Asian jet is observed to develop following the convective peak, suggesting forcing of this circulation by the convection. Over the COARE domain there is evidence that 6- to 30-day convection often occurs in conjunction with deep westerly flow. It is suggested that these types of events are frequently characterized by vertical propagation of westerlies from the surface to the upper troposphere, as is shown for a case study from November 1989. This westerly burst episode is shown to have many features in common with the ''typical'' case as defined from historical data.
C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NOAA, CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST, ENVIRONM RES LABS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP KILADIS, GN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80300 USA.
NR 57
TC 71
Z9 72
U1 3
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18527
EP 18544
DI 10.1029/94JD01486
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700003
ER
PT J
AU RIDOUT, JA
CHERTOCK, B
GELARO, R
AF RIDOUT, JA
CHERTOCK, B
GELARO, R
TI RESPONSE OF A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL TO A CHANGE IN-CLOUD SOLAR
FORCING - MODEL FEEDBACKS AND COMPARISON WITH SATELLITE DATA
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH-RADIATION-BUDGET; COMMUNITY-CLIMATE-MODEL; EXTENDED WATER CLOUDS;
OCEAN SURFACE; ECMWF MODEL; NATIONAL-CENTER; ENERGY-BALANCE; FORECAST
MODEL; ABSORPTION; IRRADIANCE
AB The response of a general circulation model to a change in its treatment of cloud solar forcing is investigated. Radiation field data from the forecast model of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System for five Julys (1979-1983) are presented in an investigation of the effect of a change from grid cell averaged clouds to maximally overlapping clouds in the model's solar radiation scheme. The model results are compared with Nimbus 7 Earth Radiation Budget top of the atmosphere (TOA) solar and longwave irradiances and with derived surface solar irradiance data. Although the maximal overlap scheme performs considerably better than the grid cell averaging scheme (reducing maximum deficiencies in TOA and surface solar irradiance by over 100 W m(-2)) significant errors remain. The simulated correlation between TOA net solar and longwave irradiance improves at low latitudes in the northern hemisphere, with little change at higher latitudes. This improved correlation is consistent with the greater consistency between the treatments of solar and longwave cloud radiative forcing brought to the model by the new solar radiation scheme. The change in the radiation treatment is shown to have the greatest direct effect on solar radiation over convective regions, a consequence of the scarcity of optically thick clouds produced by the model's cloud parameterization in other regions. The model responds with an increase in convective activity over land and an increase in the flux of moisture from sea to land. Planetary cooling over the oceans increases because of a decrease in cloud cover. From mid to high latitudes in the northern hemisphere, there are scattered regions of increased cloud water content associated with increased tropospheric temperatures. Over land the model response in terms of TOA downwelling solar irradiance tends to counter the increase in solar irradiance caused by the model change in all latitudinal zones in the northern hemisphere. This response is caused primarily by changes in the cloud fields, which thus act as a negative feedback following the change in cloud solar forcing. The significance of this response is examined with respect to the perturbation in solar irradiance represented by the model change. An estimate of this perturbation is obtained by taking the difference in solar irradiance diagnosed by the two cloud solar forcing treatments for Simulations employing the grid cell averaging scheme. The response is significantly greater in magnitude in the tropics than at midlatitudes, both in an absolute sense and as a percentage of this perturbation. Because TOA longwave irradiance exhibits a positive response in the tropics, and a negative response at midlatitudes, however, the percentage response in net TOA downwelling irradiance is actually greater in magnitude at midlatitudes. In a number of regions the cloud feedback is very large, showing the importance for cloud field prediction of improvements in the treatment of cloud solar forcing. Such cloud feedback also explains the small improvement seen here in the prediction of TOA solar irradiance in certain regions. increases in surface sensible heating and longwave Cooling are generally considerably less than increases in surface latent heating, though a notable exception occurs in arid central Asia. A large ground temperature increase in that region is strongly correlated at low levels with the atmospheric temperature increase observed at midlatitudes in the northern hemisphere.
C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP USN, RES LAB, 7 GRACE HOPPER AVE, BOX 2, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA.
NR 63
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18555
EP 18576
DI 10.1029/94JD00359
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700005
ER
PT J
AU EISELE, FL
MOUNT, GH
FEHSENFELD, FC
HARDER, J
MAROVICH, E
PARRISH, DD
ROBERTS, J
TRAINER, M
AF EISELE, FL
MOUNT, GH
FEHSENFELD, FC
HARDER, J
MAROVICH, E
PARRISH, DD
ROBERTS, J
TRAINER, M
TI INTERCOMPARISON OF TROPOSPHERIC OH AND ANCILLARY TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS
AT FRITZ-PEAK-OBSERVATORY, COLORADO
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-PATH ABSORPTION; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; NIWOT-RIDGE; RURAL TROPOSPHERE;
NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; OZONE; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; ISOPRENE; EMISSION
AB The determination of the concentration of OH in the Earth's troposphere is of fundamental importance to an understanding of the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Although many experiments to measure OH concentration have been performed in recent years, very few operate at sensitivities necessary to measure the extremely low amount of OH in the clean troposphere (0.1-0.2 parts per trillion by volume at summertime local noon). This paper describes an informal intercomparison campaign held at Fritz Peak, Colorado, in summer 1991 to intercompare the OH concentrations determined from a spectroscopic instrument and an in situ chemical conversion instrument, both with sensitivities at or below 5 x 10(5) molecules cm(-3) Ancillary measurements including those of O-3, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, H2O, SO2, aerosols, solar flux, and meteorological parameters were also performed to test photochemical theories of OH formation. These measurements also provided a means for comparing air masses at the long path and in situ sites. The intercomparison was very successful with measured values of OH concentration in agreement within one standard error much of the time. OH concentrations were typically low, rarely above 4 x 10(6) cm(-3), with only slow growth during the morning hours, indicating the possible presence of scavenger species. Model results suggest higher than measured OH concentrations or the presence of scavenger species.
C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA.
NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP EISELE, FL (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA.
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
NR 38
TC 82
Z9 84
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18605
EP 18626
DI 10.1029/94JD00740
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700008
ER
PT J
AU HAN, Y
SNIDER, JB
WESTWATER, ER
MELFI, SH
FERRARE, RA
AF HAN, Y
SNIDER, JB
WESTWATER, ER
MELFI, SH
FERRARE, RA
TI OBSERVATIONS OF WATER-VAPOR BY GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS AND
RAMAN LIDAR
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS; WIND PROFILER; AEROSOLS; LIQUID; SSM/I; RASS
AB In November to December 1991, a substantial number of remote sensors and in situ instruments were operated together in Coffeyville, Kansas, during the climate experiment FIRE II. Included in the suite of instruments were (1) the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) three-channel microwave radiometer, (2) the NASA GSFC Raman lidar, (3) ETL radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), and (4) frequent, research-quality radiosondes. The Raman lidar operated only at night and the focus of this portion of the experiment concentrated on clear conditions. The lidar data, together with frequent radiosondes and measurements of temperature profiles (every 15 min) by RASS allowed profiles of temperature and absolute humidity to be estimated every minute. We compared 2-min measurements of brightness temperature (Tb) With calculations of Tb that were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) and Liebe et al. (1993) microwave propagation models, as well as the Waters (1976) model. The comparisons showed the best agreement at 20.6 GHz with the Waters model, with the Liebe et al. (1993) model being best at 31.65 GHz. The results at 90 GHz gave about equal success with the Liebe and Layton (1987) and Liebe et al. (1993) models. Comparisons of precipitable water vapor derived independently from the two instruments also showed excellent agreement, even for averages as short as 2 min. The rms difference between Raman and radiometric determinations of precipitable water vapor was 0.03 cm which is roughly 2%. The experiments clearly demonstrate the potential of simultaneous operation of radiometers and Raman lidars for fundamental physical studies of water vapor.
C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA.
HUGHES STX CORP, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA.
RP HAN, Y (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ETL, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010
OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270
NR 31
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18695
EP 18702
DI 10.1029/94JD01487
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700014
ER
PT J
AU DELUISI, JJ
MATEER, CL
THEISEN, D
BHARTIA, PK
LONGENECKER, D
CHU, B
AF DELUISI, JJ
MATEER, CL
THEISEN, D
BHARTIA, PK
LONGENECKER, D
CHU, B
TI NORTHERN MIDDLE-LATITUDE OZONE PROFILE FEATURES AND TRENDS OBSERVED BY
SBUV AND UMKEHR, 1979-1990
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; INVERSION ALGORITHM
AB A comparison of Umkehr ozone profile data with the reprocessed solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) ozone profile data in the northern middle-latitude region, 30 degrees to 50 degrees N, is reported. Although significant biases exist between the two types of observations, the long-term variations and least squares linear regression trends agree remarkably well over the comparison period of 1979 to 1990. The ozone trend in the upper stratosphere is of the order of -0.9% yr(-1). Near 25 km, little if any trend appears, but a larger negative trend is seen in the lower stratosphere near 15 km. Comparisons show that the average annual ozone cycles in the profiles also agree well. The upper stratospheric ozone results are consistent with photochemical model predictions of ozone depletion near 40 km that are due to the release of anthropogenically produced chlorofluorocarbons. The lower stratospheric ozone trend results are in reasonable agreement with published ozonesonde data trends. It is shown that the ozone trends in the lower stratospheric layers impact significantly on the total ozone trend of the order of -0.47% yr(-1). The good agreement now seen between the two types of observations suggests that the combined ground-based and satellite approach could provide a valuable database for long-term monitoring of stratospheric ozone for trends and extraordinary variations.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA.
NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA.
UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA.
NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA.
RP DELUISI, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
NR 28
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18901
EP 18908
DI 10.1029/94JD01518
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700032
ER
PT J
AU RAMASWAMY, V
BOWEN, MM
AF RAMASWAMY, V
BOWEN, MM
TI EFFECT OF CHANGES IN RADIATIVELY ACTIVE SPECIES UPON THE LOWER
STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENHOUSE GASES; RELATIVE ROLES; CLIMATE CHANGE; OZONE; AEROSOLS;
TRENDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; BUDGET
AB A one-dimensional radiative-convective model is employed to investigate the thermal effects in the lower stratosphere due to changes in the concentrations of radiatively active species. In particular, we consider the comparative influences due to species that exert surface-troposphere radiative forcings of opposite signs. Two examples of such competing surface-troposphere forcings are (1) increases in the well-mixed greenhouse gases versus increases in tropospheric aerosols and (2) stratospheric ozone loss versus increase in tropospheric ozone. The radiative equilibrium of the lower stratosphere is perturbed both by the local changes in the concentrations of radiatively active species and by the changes in species' concentrations occurring in the troposphere and the middle/upper stratosphere. Perturbations in the concentrations of each of the species, as considered above, leads to a temperature decrease in the lower stratosphere. Relative to the well-mixed greenhouse gases only case, simultaneous increases in these gases and tropospheric aerosols cause a reduction of the net surface-troposphere radiative forcing, thereby diminishing the surface warming. However, since tropospheric aerosols contribute to a cooling of the lower stratosphere, the temperature decrease there is enhanced above that due to trace gases alone, with the aerosol-induced effects scaling approximately linearly with their optical depth. A complete offset of the greenhouse gas surface-troposphere forcing by tropospheric aerosols, while resulting in a null change in the surface temperature, would double the cooling of the lower stratosphere. Increases in tropospheric ozone would enhance the lower stratospheric cooling over and above that caused by the stratospheric ozone depletion. This is in contrast to the cooling and warming effects exerted upon the surface-troposphere system by the stratospheric and the tropospheric ozone changes, respectively. Tropospheric ozone increases of 20% or more can yield a lower stratospheric cooling that is a significant fraction of the effects due to the observed stratospheric ozone loss. Both the surface effects and the enhancement of the lower stratospheric cooling scale approximately linearly with tropospheric ozone increases.
RP RAMASWAMY, V (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 36
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18909
EP 18921
DI 10.1029/94JD01310
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700033
ER
PT J
AU REID, GC
AF REID, GC
TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS IN THE TROPICAL
STRATOSPHERE
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE;
TOTAL OZONE; TROPOPAUSE; HEIGHT; CYCLE
AB Temperature variations in the tropical lower and middle stratosphere are influenced by at least five distinct driving forces. These are (1) the mechanism of the regular seasonal cycle, (2) the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in zonal winds, (3) the semiannual zonal wind oscillation (SAG) at higher levels, (4) El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects driven by the underlying troposphere, and (5) radiative effects, including volcanic aerosol heating. Radiosonde measurements of temperatures from a number of tropical stations, mostly in the. western Pacific region, are used in this paper to examine the characteristic annual and interannual temperature variability in the stratosphere below the 10-hPa pressure level (similar to 31 km) over a time period of 17 years, chosen to eliminate or at least minimize the effect of volcanic eruptions. Both annual and interannual variations are found to show a fairly distinct transition between the lower and the middle stratosphere at about the 35-hPa level (similar to 23 km). The lower stratosphere, below this transition level, is strongly influenced by the ENSO cycle as well as by the QBO. The overall result of the interaction is to modulate the amplitude of the normal stratospheric seasonal cycle and to impose a biennial component on it, so that alternate seasonal cycles are stronger or weaker than normal. Additional modulation by the ENSO cycle occurs at its quasi-period of 3-5 years, giving rise to a complex net behavior. In the middle stratosphere above the transition level, there is no discernible ENSO influence, and departures from the regular semiannual seasonal cycle are dominated by the QBO. Recent ideas on the underlying physical mechanisms governing these variations are discussed, as is the relationship of the radiosonde measurements to recent satellite remote-sensing observations.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP REID, GC (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 37
TC 39
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 99
IS D9
BP 18923
EP 18932
DI 10.1029/94JD01830
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH357
UT WOS:A1994PH35700034
ER
PT J
AU BERKOWITZ, SJ
DEOBALDIA, E
LUDWIG, KF
SKOCPOL, WJ
MANKIEWICH, PM
ONO, RH
BEALL, JA
VALE, LR
RUDMAN, DA
OMALLEY, ML
DRABECK, LM
POLAKOS, PA
AF BERKOWITZ, SJ
DEOBALDIA, E
LUDWIG, KF
SKOCPOL, WJ
MANKIEWICH, PM
ONO, RH
BEALL, JA
VALE, LR
RUDMAN, DA
OMALLEY, ML
DRABECK, LM
POLAKOS, PA
TI INCREASED TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE IN IN-SITU COEVAPORATED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA
THIN-FILMS BY LOW-TEMPERATURE POSTANNEALING
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB In situ coevaporated YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films have a slightly depressed transition temperature T(c), though they have excellent radio-frequency surface resistance characteristics. These films consistently have less orthorhombic strain than laser ablated or post-annealed films. Low temperature (320-420-degrees-C) post-annealing of in situ coevaporated films in 100 kPa of O2 raised T(c) to values as high as 91.5 K with some increase in the orthorhombic strain. All measured thin films show less variation of T(c) with orthorhombic strain than does bulk material.
C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215.
MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173.
NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303.
AT&T BELL LABS,HOLMDEL,NJ 07733.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 19
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 12
BP 1587
EP 1589
DI 10.1063/1.112922
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PG925
UT WOS:A1994PG92500038
ER
PT J
AU GRUBBS, WT
DOUGHERTY, TP
HEILWEIL, EJ
AF GRUBBS, WT
DOUGHERTY, TP
HEILWEIL, EJ
TI VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION IN CP-ASTERISK-IR(CO)2
(CP-ASTERISK=ETA(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) STUDIED BY BROAD-BAND
TRANSIENT INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; POPULATION LIFETIMES; LIQUIDS
AB Picosecond vibrational energy dynamics involving the symmetric (2020 cm-1) and asymmetric (1953 cm-1) CO-stretching modes of Cp*Ir(CO)2 in room temperature n-hexane is measured using mode specific infrared excitation followed by broadband infrared multichannel probing to generate a transient spectrum. The recovery of the transient bleaching and absorption bands, following 2020 or 1953 cm-1 excitation, yields a upsilon = 1 CO-stretching lifetime T1 = 28 +/- 7 (1sigma) ps. The transitions from upsilon = 7 vibrational states give rise to new absorption features in the transient spectra at 2008, 1994, 1941 and 1930 cm-1. The time evolution of these absorption monitors rapid energy redistribution and equilibration (< 10 ps) between the symmetric and asymmetric CO-stretching modes prior to ground state recovery.
RP GRUBBS, WT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,BLDG 221,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 15
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 16
PY 1994
VL 227
IS 4-5
BP 480
EP 484
DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00848-5
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PG254
UT WOS:A1994PG25400018
ER
PT J
AU OSHEA, TJ
BROWNELL, RL
AF OSHEA, TJ
BROWNELL, RL
TI ORGANOCHLORINE AND METAL CONTAMINANTS IN BALEEN WHALES - A REVIEW AND
EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Marine Pollution - Mammals and Toxic
Contaminants/5th Annual International Symposium of the
International-Marine-Biological-Research-Institute
CY FEB 06-08, 1993
CL KAMOGAWA, JAPAN
SP INT MARINE BIOL RES INST
DE ORGANOCHLORINES; METALS; PCBS; WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; REPRODUCTION;
MORTALITY
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS EXPOSURE; MICE PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; EASTERN
NORTH-ATLANTIC; ST LAWRENCE ESTUARY; MARINE MAMMALS; RHESUS-MONKEYS;
AROCLOR 1254; TRACE-METALS; BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS
AB The literature on organochlorine and metal contaminants in tissues of baleen whales includes data for approximately 1000 individuals in 10 species from various oceans of the world. Concentrations of these contaminants in tissues of baleen whales are low. Sources of variation in organochlorine concentrations in whales include age, sex, region of exposure, and feeding habits. Concentrations of SIGMADDT and PCBs in baleen whales appear higher in the northern hemisphere than in the southern oceans, perhaps due to greater contamination of northern ecosystems and a higher incidence of fish in the diet. However, maximum concentrations are generally lower in tissues of baleen whales than in other marine mammal species, both on global and local scales. This is predictable based on the general distribution, habitats and trophic levels of baleen whales. We reviewed laboratory studies on the effects of selected organochlorine contaminants on direct mortality and impaired reproduction in other mammals, and critically examined observations attempting to link organochlorines to reproductive and population effects in marine mammals. There is no firm basis to conclude that the contaminants reviewed herein have affected baleen whale populations. Although more information on contaminants in baleen whales would be of value, as a matter of priority, research and management actions should focus on reducing human-caused mortality and increasing habitat carrying capacity for these species.
C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038.
RP OSHEA, TJ (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA.
NR 148
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 4
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD SEP 16
PY 1994
VL 154
IS 2-3
BP 179
EP 200
DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PF441
UT WOS:A1994PF44100007
PM 7973606
ER
PT J
AU SOMEDA, K
NAKAMURA, H
MIES, FH
AF SOMEDA, K
NAKAMURA, H
MIES, FH
TI SYSTEMATICS OF THE AVERAGE RESONANCE WIDTHS IN OVERLAPPING
RESONANCE-SCATTERING AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE RRKM THEORY
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; UNIMOLECULAR REACTION DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION
THRESHOLD; MODE SPECIFICITY; S0 FORMALDEHYDE; RATE CONSTANTS; DECAY;
INTERFERENCE; SUPPRESSION; MOLECULES
AB Decay processes of densely distributed quasi-bound states are studied numerically by randomly generating the Hamiltonian matrices. The average decay rate obtained from the Feshbach theory of resonance scattering exhibits systematic behavior against the average density of states (rho), the number of continua (K) and the average coupling strength to the continua (upsilon). The distribution of the decay rates bifurcates into long-lived and short-lived branches when rho is larger than a certain critical value rho(c), which is found to be roughly equal to the inverse of the 0-th order partial width [gamma(part.)]. Thus one can clearly distinguish the isolated resonance regime in the region rho < rho(c) and overlapping resonance regime in the region rho > rho(c). The states belonging to the short-lived branch exhibit a very broad energy spectrum and are recognized as background continua. They are not quasi-bound states in practice. The decay rates of the long-lived branch, on the other hand, systematically decrease with rho at rho much-greater-than rho(c). The average of these decay rates is proportional to [gamma(part.)]-1K(rho)-2. When the short-lived branch is excluded, the average decay rate, [GAMMA/HBAR], roughly agrees with that of the RRKM rate in the region rho almost-equal-to rho(c), where the spectral profile becomes most diffuse. Outside the region of rho almost-equal-to rho(c), [GAMMA/HBAR] is always smaller than the RRKM rate. The above observational is confirmed also by a square-well potential model and ascertains the conventional belief that the RRKM theory holds only when resonances overlap and that it gives the upper bound. It is noteworthy that this RRKM regime corresponds to the critical overlap, rho[gamma(part.)] almost-equal-to 1.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SOMEDA, K (reprint author), INST MOLEC SCI,DIV THEORET STUDIES,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN.
NR 46
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-0104
J9 CHEM PHYS
JI Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 187
IS 1-2
BP 195
EP 209
DI 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00187-1
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PG977
UT WOS:A1994PG97700022
ER
PT J
AU HOLCOMB, CD
VANPOOLEN, LJ
AF HOLCOMB, CD
VANPOOLEN, LJ
TI COEXISTING DENSITIES AND VAPOR-PRESSURES FOR R143 FROM 314-K TO 401-K
WITH NEW CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTY ESTIMATES
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE THEORY; CRITICAL DENSITY; EQUATION OF STATE; CARNAHAN-STARLING-DESANTIS;
DEITERS; R143; 1,1,2-TRIFLUROETHANE; REFRIGERANT; CRITICAL PARAMETER
ID SEMI-EMPIRICAL EQUATION; FLUIDS; STATE
AB The coexisting densities and vapor pressures of R143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane) have been measured at NIST from 314 to 401 K. These results were compared with available R143 data. The critical point was not determined experimentally because of the temperature limitations of the apparatus. However, a revised estimate of the critical point based on the new experimental data was obtained by combining a new method of critical temperature estimation with a previously reported method of critical density determination. These data and the data of others were represented by both the Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state and the Deiters equation of state. The Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state better represented the data and is easier to use for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of R143.
C1 CALVIN COLL,DEPT ENGN,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49506.
RP HOLCOMB, CD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 100
BP 223
EP 239
DI 10.1016/0378-3812(94)80011-1
PG 17
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA PP799
UT WOS:A1994PP79900011
ER
PT J
AU YAMAMOTO, T
SHULL, RD
BANDARU, PR
COSANDEY, F
HAHN, HW
AF YAMAMOTO, T
SHULL, RD
BANDARU, PR
COSANDEY, F
HAHN, HW
TI SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE OF SILVER IRON-OXIDE BY INERT-GAS
CONDENSATION
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOCRYSTALS; SUPERPARAMAGNETISM; IRON OXIDE; SILVER;
INERT GAS CONDENSATION; MAGNETIC MATERIALS; MAGNETIZATION; GIANT
MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION
ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE
AB A superparamagnetic nanocomposite of silver and iron oxide was synthesized by gas condensation. The procedure involved (1) coevaporation of Silver and iron, (2) in situ oxidation of iron particles, (3) in situ compaction, and (4) post-annealing in an inert or an oxidizing atmosphere. The magnetization plots against H/T fell on a single curve from room temperature to 160 K, thereby providing evidence of superparamagnetism. Annealing treatment modifies the effective magnetic moment size and saturation value of magnetization. The present process is a potential synthesis route for magnetic nanocomposites useful for applications such as magnetic refrigeration, recording and permanent magnets.
C1 NIST,MAGNET MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855.
TH DARMSTADT,D-64295 DARMSTADT,GERMANY.
RP YAMAMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,ADV SCI & TECHNOL RES INST,1-2 GAKUEN,SAKAI,OSAKA 593,JAPAN.
RI Hahn, Horst/G-9018-2011; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013;
OI Hahn, Horst/0000-0001-9901-3861; Yamamoto, Takao/0000-0001-8620-6349
NR 10
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS
PI MINATO-KU TOKYO
PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 9B
BP L1301
EP L1303
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PJ906
UT WOS:A1994PJ90600005
ER
PT J
AU WIESENFELD, K
BENZ, SP
BOOI, PAA
AF WIESENFELD, K
BENZ, SP
BOOI, PAA
TI PHASE-LACKED OSCILLATOR OPTIMIZATION FOR ARRAYS OF JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COHERENCE; LOCKING; CHAOS; STEPS; GHZ
AB An overview of phase locking in two-dimensional (2D) arrays of identical Josephson junctions is presented. General design criteria are discussed for optimization of power and linewidth. A harmonic balance technique is used to derive an analytic expression for the fundamental power as a function of bias voltage for a single shunted tunnel junction with an external shunt resistor having parasitic inductance. A linear stability analysis is performed on the in-phase state of 2D arrays in the absence of any external load. Most excitation modes in the 2D array are damped, leading to stable phase locking between parallel junctions within each row; however, within the theoretical model, no mechanisms intrinsic to the array were found to induce phase locking between rows of junctions. The results of these calculations and their impact on and relevance to the design of phase-locked Josephson oscillators are discussed.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WIESENFELD, K (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA.
NR 61
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 6
BP 3835
EP 3846
DI 10.1063/1.357387
PG 12
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PJ117
UT WOS:A1994PJ11700090
ER
PT J
AU MAYES, AM
BARKER, JG
RUSSELL, TP
AF MAYES, AM
BARKER, JG
RUSSELL, TP
TI SWELLING EFFECTS IN SEMIDILUTE BLOCK-COPOLYMER SOLUTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MICROPHASE SEPARATION TRANSITION;
POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SCREENING LENGTHS; ORDERED
STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TOLUENE; POLYSTYRENE
AB Small-angle neutron scattering is used to investigate swelling effects in disordered block copolymer solutions in the semidilute regime. Results are compared with Leibler's mean-field analysis for incompressible copolymer melts rescaled by Olvera to account for chain swelling. Semidilute solutions of two copolymers in toluene are considered: poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate-d(8)). The copolymers are found to exhibit the predicted scaling behavior for the characteristic crossover distance (or blob size) as a function of copolymer concentration, phi. However, the shift in the position of the scattering maximum, q*, is seen to have a weaker dependence on concentration than that predicted theoretically. For both systems investigated the peak position scales approximately with concentration as q*similar to phi(0.05).
C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120.
RP MAYES, AM (reprint author), MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA.
NR 25
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 6
BP 5213
EP 5218
DI 10.1063/1.468461
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PF943
UT WOS:A1994PF94300081
ER
PT J
AU ARNAULT, S
CHENEY, RE
AF ARNAULT, S
CHENEY, RE
TI TROPICAL ATLANTIC SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY FROM GEOSAT (1985-1989)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; SURFACE DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; KELVIN WAVES; EL-NINO; ALTIMETRY;
MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULATION
AB Geosat altimeter data between April 1985 and September 1989 are analyzed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. First, improvements due to the use of new corrections and orbit computations are found to be effective, especially in the Gulf of Guinea, where part of the previously missing signal is recovered. Then, the variability of the ocean is examined using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Only three EOFs are needed to describe 80% of the seasonal variance. The first one describes the meridional tilting of the tropical Atlantic along the mean location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, with an annual period. The second describes a mass redistribution due to the equatorial upwelling peaking in June-July. The third function presents a clear semiannual signal. Looking at interannual variability, the first EOF reveals a mass redistribution between the equatorial region (10-degrees-N to 10-degrees-S) and the northern and southern ones (10-degrees-N to 30-degrees-N, 10-degrees-S to 30-degrees-S). In the equatorial region the upper layer volume increases from about - 1.5 to 1.5 x 10(14) m3 between 1987 and 1989. Occurring 1 year after the Pacific El Nino, this phenomenon recalls the 1984 anomaly observed during the Programme Francais Ocean et Climat en Atlantique Tropical/Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic experiments.
C1 NOAA,SATELLITE & OCEAN DYNAM BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP ARNAULT, S (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,ORSTROM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
NR 41
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C9
BP 18207
EP 18223
DI 10.1029/94JC01301
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PG783
UT WOS:A1994PG78300001
ER
PT J
AU MOLINARI, RL
JOHNS, E
AF MOLINARI, RL
JOHNS, E
TI UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF THE WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; BRAZIL CURRENT RETROFLECTION; SEASONAL
CYCLE; SEA-SURFACE; OCEAN; EDDIES; MODEL
AB Mean monthly topographies of the 20-degrees-C and 10-degrees-C isothermal surfaces are used to describe the vertical displacements of the upper and lower thermocline in the western tropical Atlantic. The isotherm topographies are generated from expendable bathythermograph data collected between 1966 and 1993. The topographies confirm, and extend closer to the coast, earlier findings that demonstrate large spatial and temporal variability in the region. For example, the ridge and trough systems observed previously in the interior are shown, and their extension to the western boundary is described. In particular, it is shown that the ridge associated with the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) extends from the interior northwestward along the western boundary, reaching farther north along the boundary in the upper thermocline than in the lower thermocline. South of the equator the northwestern corner of the countercurrent trough is apparent on the lower surface but not on the upper. The annual and semiannual harmonics of the vertical isotherm displacements account on the average for about 60% of total variance on both surfaces. The horizontal structure of the first harmonic amplitude is similar for both surfaces, showing maximum amplitude along the axis of the NECC ridge. Minimum amplitudes are observed to the north along the axis of the countercurrent trough. These distributions are similar to the pattern of the first-harmonic amplitude of the wind stress curl, supporting earlier studies of curl forcing of near-surface current features.
RP MOLINARI, RL (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013
OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052
NR 18
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C9
BP 18225
EP 18233
DI 10.1029/94JC01204
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PG783
UT WOS:A1994PG78300002
ER
PT J
AU BOGRAD, SJ
STABENO, PJ
SCHUMACHER, JD
AF BOGRAD, SJ
STABENO, PJ
SCHUMACHER, JD
TI A CENSUS OF MESOSCALE EDDIES IN SHELIKOF STRAIT, ALASKA, DURING 1989
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL CURRENT; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELF;
TRANSPORT; GULF; LARVAE; OCEAN
AB Over a 5-month period in the spring and summer of 1989, 12 mesoscale eddies were identified crossing a section of moored current meters in the Shelikof sea valley. This represents the first census of mesoscale eddies on the northwestern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. The majority of eddies (7) were observed in May and June. Anticyclonic eddies outnumbered cyclonic eddies two to one, but all had characteristics similar to eddies previously observed in the region. Analysis of the current meter time series revealed that the mean speeds, volume transport, and the structure of the flow at the present location were similar to current meter and hydrographic measurements during other years in the sea valley. We suggest that 1989 and was a typical year in terms of eddy fomation as well. The proliferation of mesoscale eddies in this region in spring has an impact on the larval dispersal and eventual recruitment of walleye pollock.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
NR 26
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C9
BP 18243
EP 18254
DI 10.1029/94JC01269
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PG783
UT WOS:A1994PG78300004
ER
PT J
AU FIEDLER, PC
AF FIEDLER, PC
TI SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF COASTAL ZONE COLOR SCANNER
PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS AND WINDS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL
AB Time series of phytoplankton pigment concentration along coastal and oceanic transects in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean were derived from coastal zone color scanner monthly composite data for November 1978 through June 1986. Seasonal and interannual variability made up about half the total variance of the time series. Seasonal cycles typically consisted of a spring minimum and fall maximum, although many local variations were observed. Interannual variability was as great as seasonal variability and was dominated by the 1982-1983 El Nino event. The decline in pigment concentration during 1983 was less to the west of the Galapagos than to the east and along the Central American coast. Physical forcing of pigment variability was investigated by testing correlations between pigment concentration and wind variables associated with upwelling and mixing. Seasonal cycles and some interannual changes in pigment concentration were correlated with local wind-driven processes that cause variation in primary productivity. Correlations between pigments and local winds in oceanic transects were different at seasonal and interannual scales, implying remote forcing at the interannual timescale.
RP FIEDLER, PC (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 33
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 99
IS C9
BP 18371
EP 18384
DI 10.1029/94JC01807
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA PG783
UT WOS:A1994PG78300012
ER
PT J
AU XIE, SP
AF XIE, SP
TI THE MAINTENANCE OF AN EQUATORIALLY ASYMMETRIC STATE IN A HYBRID COUPLED
GCM
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL
PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SIMULATION; CYCLE
AB An ocean general circulation model is coupled with a simple atmosphere model to investigate the formation mechanism of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific, which is observed in the Northern Hemisphere. The coupled model develops an asymmetric state under conditions symmetric about the equator. The zonal variation in equatorial upwelling leads to pronounced differences between the western and other parts of the ocean. In the western warm water pool region, where the cooling effect of the equatorial upwelling is suppressed, both atmospheric and oceanic surface conditions are symmetric about the equator. On the other hand, in the central region where the upwelling cools the equatorial ocean, a single ITCZ forms off the equator in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, depending on the initial condition. A strong contrast exists in the sea surface temperature SST between the hemispheres; SST is much higher at the latitude of the ITCZ than that on the other side of the equator. This high SST is crucial for the development of deep convection in the ITCZ. An air-sea interaction mechanism, where the wind speed-dependent surface evaporation plays a crucial role, maintains the asymmetric state, confirming the results from a previous two-dimensional model study.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009
OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 18
BP 2602
EP 2612
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2602:TMOAEA>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PG187
UT WOS:A1994PG18700002
ER
PT J
AU DEVLIN, RH
YESAKI, TY
BIAGI, CA
DONALDSON, EM
SWANSON, P
CHAN, WK
AF DEVLIN, RH
YESAKI, TY
BIAGI, CA
DONALDSON, EM
SWANSON, P
CHAN, WK
TI EXTRAORDINARY SALMON GROWTH
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Letter
ID GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION; HORMONE; INTEGRATION; GENES
C1 NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
NATL UNIV SINGAPORE,INST MOLEC & CELL BIOL,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE.
NATL UNIV SINGAPORE,DEPT ZOOL,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE.
RP DEVLIN, RH (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,4160 MARINE DR,W VANCOUVER V7V 1N6,BC,CANADA.
RI Chan, Woon Khiong/A-8064-2008
NR 10
TC 274
Z9 292
U1 3
U2 36
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 371
IS 6494
BP 209
EP 210
DI 10.1038/371209a0
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PG290
UT WOS:A1994PG29000036
ER
PT J
AU FREILIKHER, V
PUSTILNIK, M
YURKEVICH, I
TATARSKII, VI
AF FREILIKHER, V
PUSTILNIK, M
YURKEVICH, I
TATARSKII, VI
TI POLARIZATION OF LIGHT SCATTERED FROM SLIGHTLY ROUGH DIELECTRIC FILM
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We found that a slightly rough thin dielectric film polarizes diffusely scattered light. There is a discrete set of angles of incidence and observation for which the intensity of a nonspecular diffuse P-polarized component is significantly greater than that for S polarization.
C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP FREILIKHER, V (reprint author), BAR ILAN UNIV,JACK & PEARL RESNICK INST ADV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IL-52900 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL.
RI Yurkevich, Igor/A-6037-2013
NR 6
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 18
BP 1382
EP 1384
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001382
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PJ264
UT WOS:A1994PJ26400002
PM 19855526
ER
PT J
AU FRENKEL, A
ZHANG, ZM
AF FRENKEL, A
ZHANG, ZM
TI BROAD-BAND HIGH-OPTICAL-DENSITY FILTERS IN THE INFRARED
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB A new concept for the design of broadband (2-25 mu m and beyond) neutral-density filters in the infrared region without etaloning effects is proposed and demonstrated. One important aspect of the technique is to use metallic-thin-film (10-200-nm-thick) multilayer combinations deposited onto different substrates (ZnSe, CdTe, Lexan). Neutral-density filters with optical densities as high as 4 are designed and built in the broadband region (2-25 mu m). Another key innovation is the use of ultrathin substrates (similar to 100 nm thick) for elimination of etaloning effects normally present in thick (>0.5-mm) substrates. Neutral-density filters with such ultrathin substrates are also designed and investigated.
RP FRENKEL, A (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 6
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 18
BP 1495
EP 1497
DI 10.1364/OL.19.001495
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PJ264
UT WOS:A1994PJ26400040
PM 19855564
ER
PT J
AU HANSON, DR
SPETZLER, HA
AF HANSON, DR
SPETZLER, HA
TI TRANSIENT CREEP IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC, IRON-BEARING OLIVINE
SINGLE-CRYSTAL - MECHANICAL RESULTS AND DISLOCATION MICROSTRUCTURES
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; LOWER MANTLE RHEOLOGY; STEADY-STATE CREEP;
PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; VISCOSITY; GROWTH; FLOW; FORSTERITE; RECOVERY;
SAMPLES
AB This study examines transient creep of single crystals of both natural and synthetic iron-bearing olivine under uniaxial compression (0.1 MPa confining pressure and loads of 25-30 MPa) at high temperature (1650 K) and controlled oxygen fugacity. Natural samples were obtained from San Carlos, Arizona, and synthetic crystals were grown at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Samples were deformed in the [110]c and [101]c orientations, corresponding to the softest and intermediate strength orientations, respectively, as determined from steady-state creep tests.
Dislocation microstructures were examined for samples unloaded at 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 5% strain. At 0% strain the dislocation density and morphology were lower and less complex in the synthetic olivine than in San Carlos samples. Nearly all microstructures initially present in undeformed material were overwritten by 0.1% strain. With further straining, little change in microstructure occurred to the 5% strain limit tested here. Dislocation microstructures in [101]c samples were consistent with the activation of the [100](001) and [001](100) slip systems. Microstructures formed in [110]c samples matched those expected from activation of a single slip system [100](010). These slip systems are the same as those identified as responsible for steady-state creep under similar temperature, oxygen fugacity and stress conditions.
Both natural and synthetic crystals deformed under constant stress in [101]c showed normal strain hardening with initial strain rates about an order of magnitude higher than those at 5% strain. After an initial high strain rate that was roughly equal in both sample types, the synthetic samples deformed at higher rates than the natural crystals. Crystals in the [110]c orientation deformed in a strikingly different manner. San Carlos olivine showed inverse or strain-softening creep in the first 1-2% strain, after which there is weak evidence suggesting a change to strain-hardening behavior. The temporal strain behavior of synthetic olivine in [110]c is strongly sigmoidal. An inflection point at 1% strain marks the change from inverse to normal transient creep. In the [110]c orientation, steady-state creep was not attained for synthetic samples in the 5% strain limit tested here.
These results imply that anisotropic transient creep may exist in the upper mantle, complicating rheological models of post-glacial rebound. The transient creep observed in the [110]c orientation illustrates that the strain-hardening Burgers body model is not universally applicable. The (100)[010] slip system is not always the softest system in: the- transient regime. Strain may initially be - accommodated primarily in the [100](001), duplex system. Finally, the transient regime has been shown to extend to several percent strain (in the [110]c orientation), making transient creep potentially important in modelling initial post-glacial rebound.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 60
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
J9 TECTONOPHYSICS
JI Tectonophysics
PD SEP 15
PY 1994
VL 235
IS 4
BP 293
EP 315
DI 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90191-0
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA PL059
UT WOS:A1994PL05900001
ER
PT J
AU KAUTZ, RL
BENZ, SP
REINTSEMA, CD
AF KAUTZ, RL
BENZ, SP
REINTSEMA, CD
TI LARGE-AMPLITUDE SHAPIRO STEPS AND SELF-FIELD EFFECTS IN HIGH-T(C)
JOSEPHSON WEAK LINKS
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID JUNCTIONS; NOISE
AB We demonstrate contiguous Shapiro steps of orders 0 and 1 having amplitudes of 1 mA in a YBa2Cu3O7-delta step-edge junction operated at 38 K, A wide-junction model that includes self-field effects explains why the observed step amplitudes are smaller than expected from the resistively shunted point-junction model. In spite of their reduced amplitudes, the observed steps are suitable for use in a proposed rapidly programmable Josephson voltage standard.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 23
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 1994
VL 65
IS 11
BP 1445
EP 1447
DI 10.1063/1.112010
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA PG223
UT WOS:A1994PG22300039
ER
PT J
AU MALONEY, PR
BEGELMAN, MC
REES, MJ
AF MALONEY, PR
BEGELMAN, MC
REES, MJ
TI RADIATIVE EXCITATION OF MOLECULES NEAR POWERFUL COMPACT RADIO-SOURCES
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (CYGNUS A); GALAXIES, ISM;
MOLECULAR PROCESSES; RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES
ID SEYFERT-GALAXIES; CYGNUS-A
AB In a recent paper, Barvainis & Antonucci searched for and failed to detect CO J = 1-0 absorption from the obscuring torus in the nearby powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A. We show that a plausible explanation for the lack of absorption (assuming that the ionization parameter within the torus is low enough for the gas to be molecular) is that radiative excitation of the CO molecules by the nonthermal radio continuum inreases the excitation temperature of the lower rotational levels substantially, reducing the optical depths. The excitation temperature may approach the brightness temperature of the radio source at high enough flux-to-density ratios. Heating of the gas by the nonthermal excitation may also be important. We discuss the region of parameter space in which this excitation mechanism will be important and the implications for observations of obscuring tori.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP MALONEY, PR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 15
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 10
PY 1994
VL 432
IS 2
BP 606
EP 611
DI 10.1086/174599
PN 1
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PE877
UT WOS:A1994PE87700019
ER
PT J
AU CUNTZ, M
RAMMACHER, W
ULMSCHNEIDER, P
AF CUNTZ, M
RAMMACHER, W
ULMSCHNEIDER, P
TI CHROMOSPHERIC HEATING AND METAL DEFICIENCY IN COOL GIANTS - THEORETICAL
RESULTS VERSUS OBSERVATIONS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRODYNAMICS; SHOCK WAVES; STARS, ABUNDANCES; STARS, CHROMOSPHERES;
STARS, GIANTS; WAVES
ID LATE-TYPE STARS; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE;
STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; ALPHA-TAURI; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION; DWARFS;
REDISTRIBUTION
AB We compute acoustic shock wave-heated chromosphere models fbr moderately cool giant stars which differ greatly in metallicity. Subsequently, we simulate the emerging Mg II k lines assuming partial redistribution. The initial acoustic energy fluxes and the wave periods are taken from acoustic wave generation calculations based on traditional convection zone models. We find that the Mg II and Ca II core emissions are close to the observed basal flux limits which are common for giants and dwarfs. In addition, we find that the Mg II core emission is independent of the metallicity, in agreement with observations. We argue that these results should be considered as further evidence that the basal flux limits are indeed due to acoustic shock heating. The acoustic heating mechanism seems to be dominant in all nonmagnetic nonpulsating late-type stars.
C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,ADV STUDIES PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80307.
UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST THEORET ASTROPHYS,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY.
UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP CUNTZ, M (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA.
NR 59
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 10
PY 1994
VL 432
IS 2
BP 690
EP 700
DI 10.1086/174608
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PE877
UT WOS:A1994PE87700028
ER
PT J
AU KUZNETSOV, IA
SEREBROV, AP
STEPANENKO, IV
ALDUSHCHENKOV, AV
LASAKOV, MS
KOKIN, AA
MOSTOVOI, YA
YEROZOLIMSKY, BG
DEWEY, MS
AF KUZNETSOV, IA
SEREBROV, AP
STEPANENKO, IV
ALDUSHCHENKOV, AV
LASAKOV, MS
KOKIN, AA
MOSTOVOI, YA
YEROZOLIMSKY, BG
DEWEY, MS
TI NEW MEASUREMENTS OF THE ANTINEUTRINO-SPIN ASYMMETRY IN BETA-DECAY OF THE
NEUTRON AND RESTRICTION FOR MASS OF W-R
SO JETP LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RIGHT-HANDED CURRENTS; SEARCH
AB New results of measurements of neutron antineutrino-spin asymmetry coefficient B in the beta decay of polarized neutrons are reported. This work was carried out on the polarized neutron vertical channel of the WWR-M reactor at PNPI (Gatchina). The value of the antineutrino spin asymmetry coefficient was obtained from the results of measurements of the experimental asymmetry, x=BP=0.6617+/-0.0044, and from the results of measurements of the beam polarization, P=(66.88+/-0.22)%: B=0.9894+/-0.0083. This allows us to place restrictions on M(WR): M(WR) > 282 GeV/c(2)(90% c.l.). (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics.
C1 IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,MOSCOW 123182,RUSSIA.
HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP KUZNETSOV, IA (reprint author), PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST,GATCHINA 188350,RUSSIA.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-3640
J9 JETP LETT+
JI Jetp Lett.
PD SEP 10
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 5
BP 315
EP 321
PG 7
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PM937
UT WOS:A1994PM93700002
ER
PT J
AU BRUNO, TJ
CACIARI, M
AF BRUNO, TJ
CACIARI, M
TI RETENTION OF HALOCARBONS ON A HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE EPOXIDE-MODIFIED
GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK .2. ETHANE-BASED COMPOUNDS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
AB The retention characteristics of 18 ethane-based chlorofluorocarbon, bromochlorofluorocarbon and fluorocarbon fluids have been studied as a function of temperature on a stationary phase consisting of a 5% (mass/mass) coating of a low-molecular-mass polymer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide on a graphitized carbon black adsorbent. Measurements were made at -20, 0, 20 and 40 degrees C for hexafluoroethane (R-116), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R-143), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and fluoroethane (R161). Measurements were made at 40, 60, 80 and 100 degrees C for 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114), 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114a), chloropentafluoroethane (R-115), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-133a), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), and 1-chloroethane (R-160). Measurements were performed at 60, 80, 100 and 120 degrees C for 1-bromo-2-chlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114B1). Net retention volumes, corrected to a column temperature of 0 degrees C, were calculated from retention time measurements, the logarithms of which were fitted against reciprocal thermodynamic temperature. The relative retentions, also as a function of temperature, were calculated with respect to the retention of tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane. Qualitative features of the data are examined, and trends are identified. In addition, the data were fitted to linear models for the purpose of predicting retention behavior of these compounds to facilitate chromatographic analysis.
C1 FT LUPTON HIGH SCH,FT LUPTON,CO.
RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD SEP 9
PY 1994
VL 679
IS 1
BP 123
EP 132
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80318-8
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PH107
UT WOS:A1994PH10700013
ER
PT J
AU WATSON, AJ
LAW, CS
VANSCOY, KA
MILLERO, FJ
YAO, W
FRIEDERICH, GE
LIDDICOAT, MI
WANNINKHOF, RH
BARBER, RT
COALE, KH
AF WATSON, AJ
LAW, CS
VANSCOY, KA
MILLERO, FJ
YAO, W
FRIEDERICH, GE
LIDDICOAT, MI
WANNINKHOF, RH
BARBER, RT
COALE, KH
TI MINIMAL EFFECT OF IRON FERTILIZATION ON SEA-SURFACE CARBON-DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; SEAWATER; OCEAN
AB IT has long been hypothesized that iron concentrations limit phytoplankton productivity in some parts of the ocean(1-3). As a result, iron may have played a role in modulating atmospheric CO2 levels between glacial and interglacial times(4), and it has been proposed(5) that large-stale deposition of iron in the ocean might be an effective way to combat the rise of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. As part of an experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean(6), we observed the effect on dissolved CO2 of enriching a small (8 x 8 km) patch of water with iron. We saw significant depression of surface fugacities of CO2 within 48 hours of the iron release, which did not change systematically after that time. But the effect was only a small fraction (similar to 10%) of the CO2 drawdown that would have occurred had the enrichment resulted in the complete utilization of ail the available nitrate and phosphate. Thus artificial fertilization of this ocean region did not cause a very large change in the surface CO2 concentration, in contrast to the effect observed in incubation experiments(3), where addition of similar concentrations of iron usually results in complete depletion of nutrients. Although our experiment does not necessarily mimic all circumstances under which iron deposition might occur naturally, our results do not support the idea that iron fertilization would significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
C1 UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND.
UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149.
MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950.
NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEAN MARINE LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149.
DUKE UNIV,MARINE LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516.
MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039.
RP WATSON, AJ (reprint author), PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PROSPECT PL,W HOE,PLYMOUTH PL1 3DH,ENGLAND.
NR 19
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 13
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 8
PY 1994
VL 371
IS 6493
BP 143
EP 145
DI 10.1038/371143a0
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PF191
UT WOS:A1994PF19100059
ER
PT J
AU GREEN, MA
KURMOO, M
STALICK, JK
DAY, P
AF GREEN, MA
KURMOO, M
STALICK, JK
DAY, P
TI THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF CUGEO3
SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
AB The crystal structure of CuGeO3, which has been reported to undergo a spin-Peierls transition at 14 K, is determined by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 20 and 4.2 K and the structure refined in the space group Pmma at all three temperatures, ie without displacement of the Cu atoms from a uniform one-dimensional chain; anisotropic broadening of (h0l) reflections, observed in all three data sets, is successfully modelled by an orthorhombic micro-strain along a and c ba perpendicular to Cu-Cu chains. Below 10 K the magnetic susceptibility fits very well to the Bulaevskii model, indicating a ratio of 0.69 between the Cu-Cu exchange constants in the dimerised chain and a mean exchange constant of 88 K.
C1 UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0022-4936
J9 J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM
JI J. Chem. Soc.-Chem. Commun.
PD SEP 7
PY 1994
IS 17
BP 1995
EP 1996
DI 10.1039/c39940001995
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PF544
UT WOS:A1994PF54400044
ER
PT J
AU NAPOLITANO, R
WEINER, J
WILLIAMS, CJ
JULIENNE, PS
AF NAPOLITANO, R
WEINER, J
WILLIAMS, CJ
JULIENNE, PS
TI LINE-SHAPES OF HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTRA OF OPTICALLY
COOLED ATOMS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POTENTIAL CURVES; ULTRACOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS
AB High resolution photoassociation spectra of colliding ultracold trapped atoms contain detailed information about ground and excited state interactions. We calculate the asymmetric line shapes for ultracold Na-2 absorption using a resonance scattering expression, proportional to a free-bound Franck-Condon factor, that is justified by full quantum scattering calculations of a collision in a radiation field. The line shapes illustrate Wigner threshold law behavior, which is characteristic of the quantum limit as T --> 0. Using an adiabatic hyperfine analysis, we calculate and compare a model spectra for J = 1, 2, 3, and 4 features of the Na-2 (IIg)-I-1(v = 48) state to recent high resolution experimental data.
C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637.
NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP NAPOLITANO, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Napolitano,
Reginaldo/H-1034-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 17
TC 128
Z9 128
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 5
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 10
BP 1352
EP 1355
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1352
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA PE727
UT WOS:A1994PE72700011
ER
PT J
AU DOUGHERTY, TP
HEILWEIL, EJ
AF DOUGHERTY, TP
HEILWEIL, EJ
TI ULTRAFAST TRANSIENT INFRARED-ABSORPTION STUDIES OF M(CO)6 (M=CR, MO OR
W) PHOTOPRODUCTS IN N-HEXANE SOLUTION
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES; EXCITED-STATES; CR(CO)6; SPECTROSCOPY;
PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PENTACARBONYLS; DISSOCIATION; PHASE; PHOTODISSOCIATION;
HEXACARBONYLS
AB Following UV excitation, M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo or W) species in solution lose one CO ligand, and a solvent molecule occupies the vacant site. These photochemical reactions are studied using a transient broadband IR absorption technique with 390 fs time resolution. The progress of these reactions, including loss of the M(CO)6 reactant, appearance of a solvated M(CO)5(n-hexane) product and vibrational energy distribution and relaxation of the product, is monitored through changes in infrared absorption by the CO ligands near 2000 cm-1.
RP DOUGHERTY, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 25
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 2
PY 1994
VL 227
IS 1-2
BP 19
EP 25
DI 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00812-4
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA PE835
UT WOS:A1994PE83500004
ER
PT J
AU GOLDBAUM, FA
FIELDS, BA
CAUERHFF, A
YSERN, X
HOUDUSSE, A
EISELE, JL
POLJAK, RJ
MARIUZZA, RA
AF GOLDBAUM, FA
FIELDS, BA
CAUERHFF, A
YSERN, X
HOUDUSSE, A
EISELE, JL
POLJAK, RJ
MARIUZZA, RA
TI CRYSTALLIZATION AND PRELIMINARY-X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF AN
IDIOTOPE-ANTI-IDIOTOPE FV-FV COMPLEX
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
DE FV FRAGMENT; IDIOTOPE CRYSTALLIZATION; X-RAY ANALYSIS
ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE DOMAINS; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS;
3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; BINDING; ANTIBODIES; RECOGNITION; LYSOZYME;
PROTEINS; CONTACT; SURFACE
AB A complex between the Fv fragment of an anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme antibody (D1.3) and the Fv fragment of an antibody specific for an idiotypic determinant of D1.3 has been crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. Both Fv fragments were expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography; diffraction-quality crystals were only obtained following separation of each Fv into distinct isoelectric forms. The crystals belong to space group C2, have unit cell dimensions a = 152.8 Angstrom, b = 79.4 Angstrom, c = 51.5 Angstrom, beta = 100.2 degrees, and diffract to better than 2.2 Angstrom resolution. The solvent content of the crystals is approximately 60% (v/v) with one Fv-Fv complex in the asymmetric unit. The ability to readily express both components of an antigen-antibody system in bacteria will allow us to rigorously assess the energetic contribution of individual amino acids to complex formation through pairwise mutagenesis of interacting residues.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
NIST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857.
INST PASTEUR,F-75724 PARIS,FRANCE.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0022-2836
J9 J MOL BIOL
JI J. Mol. Biol.
PD SEP 2
PY 1994
VL 241
IS 5
BP 739
EP 743
DI 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1549
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA PE383
UT WOS:A1994PE38300010
PM 8071997
ER
PT J
AU CHEN, LQ
SIMMONS, JA
AF CHEN, LQ
SIMMONS, JA
TI MICROSCOPIC MASTER EQUATION APPROACH TO DIFFUSION TRANSFORMATION IN
INHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS SINGLE-SITE APPROXIMATION AND DIRECT EXCHANGE
MECHANISM
SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATIONS; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLINE
CONFIGURATIONS; LONG-RANGE; ATOMIC MOBILITY; KINETIC PATHS; ALLOYS;
PHASE; PRECIPITATION; INTERMETALLICS
AB A computer simulation technique based on microscopic master equations is developed for modeling the dynamics of morphological evolution during diffusional phase transformations in binary solid solutions including barrierless nucleation of ordered domains, subsequent domain growth and coalescence, coarsening of antiphase domains, compositional phase separation, Ostwald ripening, and kinetics of simultaneous ordering and phase separation. Assuming a direct exchange mechanism for atomic diffusion and using the single-site approximation, the kinetic equations produce equilibrium states closer to the Bethe approximation than the Bragg-Williams approximation. Computer simulation examples of microstructural evolution during ordering, spinodal decomposition, and simultaneous ordering and phase separation in a binary solid solution are presented using a second-neighbor interaction model.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP CHEN, LQ (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA.
RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012
OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781
NR 38
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0956-7151
J9 ACTA METALL MATER
JI Acta Metall. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 9
BP 2943
EP 2954
DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90392-1
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA PB268
UT WOS:A1994PB26800005
ER
PT J
AU PANDEY, PC
AF PANDEY, PC
TI TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE-MEDIATED FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR NADH COUPLED WITH DEHYDROGENASE ENZYMES
SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; PASTE ELECTRODE; POLYETHYLENIMINE
AB A flow injection analysis (FIA) sensor for the oxidation of NADH is reported. The system utilizes a graphite paste electrode modified with the electroactive material tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). TCNQ acts as an efficient mediator for the oxidation of NADH to biologically active NAD(+). Alcohol dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase and NAD(+) were coimmobilized in TCNQ-modified graphite paste using polyethylenimine to develop a FIA sensor for ethanol/lactate. The system responded rapidly with wide linearity. Response curves for ethanol/lactate and NADH are reported, (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
RP PANDEY, PC (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0003-2697
J9 ANAL BIOCHEM
JI Anal. Biochem.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 221
IS 2
BP 392
EP 396
DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1431
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PD584
UT WOS:A1994PD58400027
PM 7810883
ER
PT J
AU MILLER, PA
BARTH, MF
VANDEKAMP, DW
SCHLATTER, TW
WEBER, BL
WUERTZ, DB
BREWSTER, KA
AF MILLER, PA
BARTH, MF
VANDEKAMP, DW
SCHLATTER, TW
WEBER, BL
WUERTZ, DB
BREWSTER, KA
TI AN EVALUATION OF 2 AUTOMATED QUALITY-CONTROL METHODS DESIGNED FOR USE
WITH HOURLY WIND PROFILER DATA
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; RASS
AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has completed the installation of 30-site demonstration network of wind-profiling radars in the central United States. The network is being used to demonstrate and assess the utility of wind profiler technology in a quasi-operational environment, and to help define operational requirements for possible future national networks. This paper describes two automated quality control methods designed to remove erroneous winds from the hourly network data. Case study examples and statistical evaluation of the performance of each method are also presented.
C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019.
RP MILLER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Schlatter, Thomas /E-7480-2015
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS
JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 12
IS 8
BP 711
EP 724
DI 10.1007/s00585-994-0711-2
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PF491
UT WOS:A1994PF49100002
ER
PT J
AU HANSON, SG
CHURNSIDE, JH
WILSON, JJ
AF HANSON, SG
CHURNSIDE, JH
WILSON, JJ
TI REMOTE-SENSING OF WIND VELOCITY AND STRENGTH OF REFRACTIVE TURBULENCE
USING A 2-SPATIAL-FILTER RECEIVER
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCINTILLATION
AB Wind velocity across an optical path and refractive turbulence strength can be measured by observing a light source through the atmosphere with a receiver that contains two spatial filters. The frequency of the detected signal gives the transverse velocity of the turbulent structure, whereas signal intensity is proportional to refractive turbulence strength. The size of turbulent eddies that produce signals is determined by the optical setup. The position along the detector's field of view at which the measurement is made depends on the separation of the filters, and profiles can be made by varying the separation and using a telescope. The system requires longer integration times than one which uses a spatial filter at each end of the optical path, but it has the advantage of being able to use a natural source such as the Sun or a planet. An analysis of the system is presented along with numerical simulations and results from a short-range (several meters) laboratory experiment. The analysis assumes a single layer of refractive turbulence. Scales of the refractive turbulence in the inertial subrange from 5 to 20 cm will be of primary interest for this method.
C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP HANSON, SG (reprint author), RISO NATL LAB, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK.
RI Hanson, Steen/E-6542-2010; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 25
BP 5859
EP 5868
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PF320
UT WOS:A1994PF32000002
PM 20935989
ER
PT J
AU ASMAIL, C
HSIA, J
PARR, A
HOEFT, J
AF ASMAIL, C
HSIA, J
PARR, A
HOEFT, J
TI RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING LIMITS FOR LOW-LEVEL BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (BRDF); EQUIVALENT BRDF;
INSTRUMENT-SIGNATURE MEASUREMENTS; INSTRUMENTATION; OPTICAL SCATTER FROM
SURFACES; PHOTON SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
OF THE EQUIVALENT BRDF; VERTICALLY POLARIZED INCIDENT LIGHT
AB The objective is to estimate the Rayleigh limit in bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements caused by air in the laboratory, the wavelength, and the path length of light in the receiver field of view. Moreover, we intend to show the trend for the reduction of this limit by introducing a medium with small refractive index and by using a longer wavelength. Although the BRDF typically describes the angular distribution of scattered light from surfaces, the expression describing the equivalent BRDF caused by the optical scattering from gas molecules in the optical path is derived through the use of the Rayleigh scattering theory. The instrumentation is described, and the experimental results of the equivalent BRDF caused by gas scattering from molecules in clear air, nitrogen, and helium gases are reported. These results confirm the trends of the prediction.
C1 USAF, OFF SECRETARY, WASHINGTON, DC USA.
RP ASMAIL, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 8
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 25
BP 6084
EP 6091
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PF320
UT WOS:A1994PF32000038
PM 20936025
ER
PT J
AU ZIBROV, AS
FOX, RW
ELLINGSEN, R
WEIMER, CS
VELICHANSKY, VL
TINO, GM
HOLLBERG, L
AF ZIBROV, AS
FOX, RW
ELLINGSEN, R
WEIMER, CS
VELICHANSKY, VL
TINO, GM
HOLLBERG, L
TI HIGH-RESOLUTION DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF CALCIUM
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER-FREE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL RAMSEY FRINGE;
FREQUENCY-STABILIZATION; ATOMIC-BEAM; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; LINE;
TRANSITION; STRONTIUM; RESONATOR; STANDARD
AB Saturated-absorption signals on the calcium 657 nm transition are observed by direct absorption using diode lasers and a high flux atomic-beam cell. Linewidths as narrow as 65 kHz are observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Prospects for using this system as a compact wavelength/frequency reference are considered.
C1 LEBEDEV INST PHYS,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
SINTEF,DELAB,N-7034 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY.
UNIV NAPLES,DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY.
RP ZIBROV, AS (reprint author), NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014;
OI Tino, Guglielmo M./0000-0002-7944-9825
NR 42
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 59
IS 3
BP 327
EP 331
DI 10.1007/BF01081401
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA PF308
UT WOS:A1994PF30800010
ER
PT J
AU GEORGE, JC
PHILO, LM
HAZARD, K
WITHROW, D
CARROLL, GM
SUYDAM, R
AF GEORGE, JC
PHILO, LM
HAZARD, K
WITHROW, D
CARROLL, GM
SUYDAM, R
TI FREQUENCY OF KILLER-WHALE (ORCINUS-ORCA) ATTACKS AND SHIP COLLISIONS
BASED ON SCARRING ON BOWHEAD WHALES (BALAENA-MYSTICETUS) OF THE
BERING-CHUKCHI-BEAUFORT SEAS STOCK
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE BOWHEAD WHALE; KILLER WHALE; ALASKAN ESKIMOS; WHALING; SCARRING; SHIP
WHALE COLLISION; PROPELLER INJURY
ID POINT-BARROW; PREDATION; ALASKA
AB Bowhead whales of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock harvested by Alaskan Eskimos were examined for scars from killer whale and ship-collision injuries. We estimated that the frequency of scars from killer whale attacks ranged from 4.1% to 7.9% (depending on our confidence that the whale was properly examined) while about 1% exhibited scars from ship collisions. The frequency of killer whale scars was considerably lower than for bowhead whales of the Davis Strait stock and for other baleen whales where data are available, and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for whales < 13 m. Patterns for both types of scars were quite similar to those reported for other cetacean species. Spaces between rake marks were within the range of interdental measurements from four killer whale skulls. The occurrence of attempted killer whale predation and ship strikes inferred from scars has not prevented the BCBS stock from increasing.
C1 NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,BARROW,AK 99723.
RP GEORGE, JC (reprint author), N SLOPE BOROUGH DEPT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,BARROW,AK 99723, USA.
NR 45
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 16
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 47
IS 3
BP 247
EP 255
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA PJ508
UT WOS:A1994PJ50800005
ER
PT J
AU KEY, J
MASLANIK, JA
PAPAKYRIAKOU, T
SERREZE, MC
SCHWEIGER, AJ
AF KEY, J
MASLANIK, JA
PAPAKYRIAKOU, T
SERREZE, MC
SCHWEIGER, AJ
TI ON THE VALIDATION OF SATELLITE-DERIVED SEA-ICE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC CLIMATE; SEA ICE; AVHRR
ID CHANNELS; SNOW
AB The surface temperature of sea ice controls the rate of ice growth and heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. An algorithm for the satellite retrieval of ice surface temperature has recently been published, but due to the lack of validation data has not been extensively tested. In this paper, data from a recent Arctic field experiment is used in an attempt to validate that algorithm. While the procedure is, in principle, straightforward, we demonstrate that validation is complicated by a variety of factors, including incorrectly assumed atmospheric conditions, undetected clouds in the satellite data, spatial and temporal variability in the surface temperature field, and surface and satellite measurement errors. Comparisons between surface temperatures determined from upwelling broadband longwave radiation, spatial measurements of narrow-band radiation, thermocouples buried just below the snow surface, and narrow-band satellite data show differences of 1 to 3-degrees-C. The range in these independent measurements indicates the need for specially designed validation experiments utilizing narrow-band radiometers on aircraft to obtain broad spatial coverage.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR POLAR SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98105.
UNIV WATERLOO,EARTH OBSERVAT LAB,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA.
RP KEY, J (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010
OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 47
IS 3
BP 280
EP 287
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA PJ508
UT WOS:A1994PJ50800008
ER
PT J
AU DEABREU, RA
KEY, J
MASLANIK, JA
SERREZE, MC
LEDREW, EF
AF DEABREU, RA
KEY, J
MASLANIK, JA
SERREZE, MC
LEDREW, EF
TI COMPARISON OF IN-SITU AND AVHRR-DERIVED BROAD-BAND ALBEDO OVER ARCTIC
SEA-ICE
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE SEA ICE; ALBEDO; REMOTE SENSING; AVHRR; ANISOTROPY
ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SURFACE; SNOW; MODEL; CALIBRATION;
AEROSOLS; EARTH; BAND
AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are used to extract broadband sea ice surface albedos from narrowband channel 1 and 2 top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiances. Corrections for the intervening atmosphere, viewing geometry and sensor spectral response are applied to the satellite data. Atmospheric correction increases TOA albedos by 27 to 32%. After removing the effects of viewing geometry, surface albedo variability between orbits decreases. The satellite-derived surface albedo over snow-covered sea ice corrected for viewing geometry range from 0.68 to 0.82. The residual diurnal variability is attributed to uncertainties in the atmospheric and anisotropic corrections of the satellite data. After comparison with coincidental in situ measurements, AVHRR albedos corrected for the intervening atmosphere and viewing geometry agreed favorably with surface measurements. The high variability in surface measurements reflects the difficulty in measuring surface albedos over areas consistent with those of a typical AVHRR pixel. In order to develop a reliable methodology for using these satellite data to derive sea ice albedo, an improved understanding of both the atmosphere's behavior over the long path lengths common to the Arctic and the anisotropic nature of snow-covered sea ice reflectance is required. Furthermore, any seasonal characteristics of these factors must be addressed.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV WATERLOO,INST SPACE & TERR SCI,EARTH OBSERVAT LAB,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA.
RP DEABREU, RA (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,INST SPACE & TERR SCI,DEPT GEOG,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA.
RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010
OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050
NR 35
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 47
IS 3
BP 288
EP 297
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA PJ508
UT WOS:A1994PJ50800009
ER
PT J
AU ARAV, N
LI, ZY
BEGELMAN, MC
AF ARAV, N
LI, ZY
BEGELMAN, MC
TI RADIATIVE ACCELERATION IN OUTFLOWS FROM BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE
QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS .2. WIND MODELS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES; QUASARS, GENERAL
ID DRIVEN; EMISSION; INSTABILITIES; SCATTERING; NUCLEI
AB We investigate the dynamics of radiatively driven broad absorption-line (BAL) outflows in quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) by developing radial and time-independent numerical models. Two limits are explored. The first assumes that the absorbing matter is not forced to comove with the substrate, which provides pressure confinement. This assumption allows us to explore in detail a case in which the acceleration is entirely due to radiation pressure. Using the parameters inferred from observations, we find that under these conditions radiative acceleration (mainly due to resonance line scattering) can readily accelerate the flow to the observed velocities. An important feature of the noncoupled flow is that the line profiles tend to stay relatively flat throughout the velocity interval covered by the line. We discuss how relaxing the assumptions of radial symmetry and time independence may help to explain the structures observed in BALs.
In the second class of models, the absorbing flow is assumed to be completely coupled to the substrate in which it is embedded. Aside from being more plausible physically, these models produce line profiles that trail off at higher velocities, a behavior observed in some BALs. We show that, even if the substrate is massless, we have to assume a starting radius very close to the inferred radius of the broad emission-line region (approximately 0.1 pc) in order to obtain a significant contribution from radiative acceleration, given a typical AGN spectrum. The reason is that the energy input needed to pressurize the substrate, allowing the flow to become supersonic and to retain a reasonable ionization equilibrium, at the same time contributes appreciably to the acceleration. A way to relax the small starting radius constraint is to use a softer ionizing spectrum.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 28
TC 105
Z9 106
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 432
IS 1
BP 62
EP 74
DI 10.1086/174549
PN 1
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA PD611
UT WOS:A1994PD61100008
ER
PT J
AU DELAUDER, SF
MAURO, JM
POULOS, TL
WILLIAMS, JC
SCHWARZ, FP
AF DELAUDER, SF
MAURO, JM
POULOS, TL
WILLIAMS, JC
SCHWARZ, FP
TI THERMODYNAMICS OF HYDROGEN-CYANIDE AND HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE BINDING TO
CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE AND ITS ASN-82-]ASP MUTANT
SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPOUND ES
AB The thermodynamics of binding of fluoride and cyanide to cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) and its Asn-82-->Asp mutant (D82CCP) in phosphate and acetate buffer at an ionic strength of 0.15 mol.kg(-1) from pH 5.0 to 7.1 were investigated by titration calorimetry at 289 and 297 K. The binding reactions are en thalpically driven. The fluoride-binding constants determined from the titration calorimetry results were in agreement with those determined from difference-spectroscopy measurements. For cyanide binding to CCP at 297.9 K, the binding constant decreased from 8.95(+/-0.83) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 7.0 to 4.04(+/-0.23) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 5.0, and the binding enthalpy increased from -57.2 +/- 1.4 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 7.0 to -48.6 +/- 1.8 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 5.0. For fluoride binding to CCP, the binding constant increased from 8.41(+/-0.54) x 10(3) M(-1) at pH 7.0 to 3.11(+/-0.09) x 10(5) M(-1) at pH 5.0 and the binding enthalpy increased from -71.9 +/- 1.1 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 7.0 to -67.0 +/- 1.9 kJ.mol(-1) at pH 5.0. The binding enthalpies for D82CCP were about the same as those for CCP. However, the binding constants for cyanide and fluoride to D82CCP were respectively a factor of two less and at least an order of magnitude less than the corresponding binding constants of CCP. Decreased ligand-binding strength in the D82CCP mutant is thus entirely due to entropic effects.
C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059.
UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM,IRVINE,CA 92717.
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42614]
NR 20
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU PORTLAND PRESS
PI LONDON
PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ
SN 0264-6021
J9 BIOCHEM J
JI Biochem. J.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 302
BP 437
EP 442
PN 2
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA PF657
UT WOS:A1994PF65700019
PM 8092995
ER
PT J
AU LINDSTROM, RM
MACKEY, EA
PAUL, RL
AF LINDSTROM, RM
MACKEY, EA
PAUL, RL
TI ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GUIDED NEUTRON BEAMS
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life
Sciences (NAMLS-93)
CY 1993
CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy
HO UNIV AGR
DE COLD NEUTRONS; NEUTRON GUIDE; PROMPT-GAMMA ACTIVATION
ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES; MULTIELEMENT
ANALYSIS; RESEARCH FACILITY; CAPTURE THERAPY; COLD; SCATTERING; BORON;
STANDARDS; ELEMENTS
AB Guided beams of thermal and cold neutrons have become available to analysts at several reactors during the past decade. The very pure beams from these guides have led to lower backgrounds and higher sensitivities for prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and thus to new applications for this technique. For analytical accuracy, the details of neutron scattering within the sample need to be taken into account; this consideration is especially important for most materials of biological origin.
RP LINDSTROM, RM (reprint author), NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 59
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 43-5
BP 47
EP 53
DI 10.1007/BF02917298
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PZ203
UT WOS:A1994PZ20300006
PM 7710862
ER
PT J
AU MACKEY, EA
AF MACKEY, EA
TI EFFECTS OF TARGET TEMPERATURE ON ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITIES OF
COLD-NEUTRON CAPTURE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life
Sciences (NAMLS-93)
CY 1993
CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy
HO UNIV AGR
DE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; COLD NEUTRONS; NEUTRON
SCATTERING; TARGET TEMPERATURE AND SENSITIVITY
ID SCATTERING
AB Cold-neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis sensitivities are often decreased because of an increase in the average neutron energy on scattering within room temperature targets. Experiments were performed to determine whether target cooling would alleviate these effects. Cooling the targets to 77 K increased hydrogen sensitivity by as much as 25%. Target cooling decreases those effects of neutron scattering on CNPGAA sensitivities that are the result of an increased average neutron energy. However, cold-neutron scattering may also change the average path length traveled, and this effect on sensitivity is not alleviated by controlling temperature.
RP MACKEY, EA (reprint author), NIST,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 5
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 43-5
BP 103
EP 108
DI 10.1007/BF02917305
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PZ203
UT WOS:A1994PZ20300013
PM 7710816
ER
PT J
AU LAMBERTY, A
LAPITAJS, G
VANNEVEL, L
GOTZ, A
MOODY, JR
ERDMANN, DE
DEBIEVRE, P
AF LAMBERTY, A
LAPITAJS, G
VANNEVEL, L
GOTZ, A
MOODY, JR
ERDMANN, DE
DEBIEVRE, P
TI THE IRMM INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM (IMEP) -
IMEP-3-TRACE ELEMENTS IN SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL-WATER
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life
Sciences (NAMLS-93)
CY 1993
CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy
HO UNIV AGR
DE INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT EVALUATION PROGRAM (IMEP); CERTIFICATION BY
ISOTOPE-SPECIFIC METHODS; ISOTOPE DILUTION
AB The aim of the IRMM-International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) is to test out a possible realization of international measurement comparability for field laboratories through traceability of their measurements to the SI Unit for amount of substance: the mole. In IMEP-3, 10 different trace elements, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Pb, Rb, and Zn, were determined in a synthetic and a natural water by participating laboratories using their routine methods and graphically compared (in coded form) to certified values, established by IRMM and NIST using an isotope-specific method (Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry, Neutron Activation Analysis). The number of participants was 70; 64 laboratories have reported results. The results show a spread of more than 50% asymmetrically around the certified value. The Youden graphs allow evaluation of the overall performance of the laboratories in the IMEP-3 round.
C1 UNIV SAARBRUCKEN,SAARBRUCKEN,GERMANY.
UNIV ANTWERP,IRMM,ANTWERP,BELGIUM.
NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225.
RP LAMBERTY, A (reprint author), IRMM,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 43-5
BP 571
EP 583
DI 10.1007/BF02917360
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PZ203
UT WOS:A1994PZ20300068
PM 7710875
ER
PT J
AU LINDSTROM, RM
AF LINDSTROM, RM
TI SUM AND MEAN STANDARD PROGRAMS FOR ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life
Sciences (NAMLS-93)
CY 1993
CL UNIV AGR, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Ioannus Marcus Marci Spectroscop Soc, Univ Agr, Prague, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Environm Inst, ISPRA, Inter Atom Energy Agcy
HO UNIV AGR
DE PEAK INTEGRATION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; WEIGHTED MEAN
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING
AB Two computer programs in use for over a decade in the Nuclear Methods Group at NIST illustrate the utility of standard software: programs widely available and widely used, in which (ideally) well-tested public algorithms produce results that are well understood, and thereby capable of comparison, within the community of users. SUM interactively computes the position, net area, and uncertainty of the area of spectral peaks, and can give better results than automatic peak search programs when peaks are very small, very large, or unusually shaped. MEAN combines unequal measurements of a single quantity, tests for consistency, and obtains the weighted mean and six measures of its uncertainty.
RP LINDSTROM, RM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 1
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 43-5
BP 597
EP 603
DI 10.1007/BF02917362
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PZ203
UT WOS:A1994PZ20300070
PM 7710877
ER
PT J
AU PENNINGTON, M
VOLSTAD, JH
AF PENNINGTON, M
VOLSTAD, JH
TI ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF INTRA-HAUL CORRELATION AND VARIABLE-DENSITY ON
ESTIMATES OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM MARINE SURVEYS
SO BIOMETRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE INTRA-CLUSTER CORRELATION; JACKKNIFE; MARINE SURVEYS; RATIO ESTIMATOR;
SAMPLING UNIT; SURVEY DESIGN
AB In a previous paper (Pennington and Volstad, 1991, Biometrics 47, 717-723); it was suggested that reducing the size of the sampling unit currently used in marine surveys could increase the precision of the resulting density estimates. But if unit size is reduced, fewer animals will be caught during a survey. Concern has been expressed that this reduction in total catch would lower the precision of estimates of population characteristics, such as age and length frequency distributions, of importance for stock management. In this paper we examine the effect of sampling unit size, intra-cluster correlation, and variable density on the precision of estimates of population characteristics. An examination of some survey data indicates that reducing the size of the sampling unit employed and using the time saved to take samples at more locations could also yield more precise estimates of population parameters.
C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
INST MARINE RES,N-5024 BERGEN,NORWAY.
NR 8
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 12
PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910
SN 0006-341X
J9 BIOMETRICS
JI Biometrics
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 3
BP 725
EP 732
DI 10.2307/2532786
PG 8
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA PL748
UT WOS:A1994PL74800012
ER
PT J
AU PLANT, AL
GUEGUETCHKERI, M
YAP, W
AF PLANT, AL
GUEGUETCHKERI, M
YAP, W
TI SUPPORTED PHOSPHOLIPID/ALKANETHIOL BIOMIMETIC MEMBRANES - INSULATING
PROPERTIES
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID OMEGA-HYDROXY THIOL; ADSORBED MONOLAYERS; LIPID-MEMBRANES; BILAYERS;
GOLD; ELECTRODES; VESICLES
AB A novel model lipid bilayer membrane is prepared by the addition of phospholipid vesicles to alkanethiol monolayers on gold. This supported hybrid bilayer membrane is rugged, easily and reproducibly prepared in the absence of organic solvent, and is stable for very long periods of time. We have characterized the insulating characteristics of this membrane by examining the rate of electron transfer and by impedance spectroscopy. Supported hybrid bilayers formed from phospholipids and alkanethiols are pinhole-free and demonstrate measured values of conductivity and resistivity which are within an order of magnitude of that reported for black lipid membranes. Capacitance values suggest a dielectric constant of 2.7 for phospholipid membranes in the absence of organic solvent. The protein toxin, melittin, destroys the insulating capability of the phospholipid layer without significantly altering the bilayer structure. This model membrane will allow the assessment of the effect of lipid membrane perturbants on the insulating properties of natural lipid membranes.
RP PLANT, AL (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 21
TC 170
Z9 174
U1 3
U2 21
PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 67
IS 3
BP 1126
EP 1133
PG 8
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA PE377
UT WOS:A1994PE37700021
PM 7811924
ER
PT J
AU SKRTIC, D
EANES, ED
AF SKRTIC, D
EANES, ED
TI EFFECT OF 1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENE-1,1-BISPHOSPHONATE ON MEMBRANE-MEDIATED
CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE FORMATION IN MODEL LIPOSOMAL SUSPENSIONS
SO BONE AND MINERAL
LA English
DT Article
DE BISPHOSPHONATE (HEBP); CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; LIPOSOMAL MINERALIZATION;
MATRIX VESICLE CALCIFICATION
ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; ANIONIC LIPOSOMES; IN-VITRO; CALCIFICATION;
HYDROXYAPATITE; DIPHOSPHONATES; PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHONATES; INVITRO;
TISSUE
AB The bisphosphonate,1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP), was examined for its effect on calcium phosphate precipitation in pH 7.4, 22 degrees C suspensions of 7:2:1 phosphatidylcholine (PC):dicetylphosphate (DCP):cholesterol (Chol) and 7:1:1 PC:phosphatidylserine (PS):Chol liposomes. HEBP (0.5-50 mu mol/l) in the suspending medium had little, if any, effect on precipitation that formed inside phosphate-rich (50 mmol/l) aqueous interiors of liposomes as a result of ionophore (X-537A) driven 2.25 mmol/l Ca2+ influxes from the medium. On the other hand, HEBP had a significant negative impact on the subsequent spread of the precipitate into the surrounding medium when the latter was made metastable with 1.5 mmol/l total inorganic phosphate (PO4). The inhibitory effect of HEBP was more strongly felt in the 7PC:1PS:1Chol liposomal suspensions, with only 1 mu mol/l HEBP needed to effectively block extraliposomal precipitation compared to 7.5 mu mol/l for 7PC:2DCP:1Chol suspensions. Direct encapsulation of HEBP (1-1000 mu mol/l) together with PO4 in the aqueous cores of 7PC:2DCP:1Chol liposomes reduced somewhat (similar to 30%) intraliposomal yields and delayed but did not block extraliposomal precipitate development. These results provide a possible physicochemical explanation for the suppression of matrix vesicle initiated mineralization in ectopically-induced osteoid tissue of HEBP treated mice [1]. In particular, the liposome results suggest that membrane phosphatidylserine interactions with mineral may enhance HEBP's effectiveness in vivo.
C1 NIST,NATL INST DENT RES,RES ASSOCIATE PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
IRELAND
SN 0169-6009
J9 BONE MINER
JI Bone Miner.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 3
BP 219
EP 229
DI 10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80171-7
PG 11
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PN635
UT WOS:A1994PN63500003
PM 7819829
ER
PT J
AU CLAVIJO, IE
DONALDSON, PL
AF CLAVIJO, IE
DONALDSON, PL
TI SPAWNING BEHAVIOR IN THE LABRID, HALICHOERES-BIVITTATUS, ON ARTIFICIAL
AND NATURAL SUBSTRATES IN ONSLOW BAY, NORTH-CAROLINA, WITH NOTES ON
EARLY-LIFE HISTORY
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORAL-REEF; WRASSES
AB We documented reproductive activity in Halichoeres bivittatus close to the northernmost range of its distribution in the western Atlantic. Observations were made by means of Scuba at a mean depth of 15 m on a reef system consisting of a 10-train car artificial reef and adjacent limestone substrate. The train cars were deployed in 1986 on substrate ranging from limestone colonized by macroalgae to a thin layer of sand over hard substrate. Spawning behavior consisted of the formation of temporary territories defended by terminal phase males. Peak reproductive activity occurred at midday during the months of May and June at temperatures of 21.5-24.5 degrees C. Pair spawning between an initial phase female and a terminal phase male was observed on artificial and natural reef substrata, but interference spawning by small initial phase individuals was observed only on the natural substrate. This difference in reproductive strategy may be due to the ability of small initial phase males to interfere with pair spawnings only on substrates lacking much vertical relief(<0.5 m) and providing macroalgal cover. Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization in the laboratory. Eggs and larvae were reared in tanks and development up to 5 days after fertilization is briefly described.
C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, NOAA, NURC, GROTON, CT 06340 USA.
RP CLAVIJO, IE (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT BIOL SCI, WILMINGTON, NC 28403 USA.
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
EI 1553-6955
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 383
EP 387
PG 5
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400012
ER
PT J
AU DEMARTINI, EE
BARNETT, AM
JOHNSON, TD
AMBROSE, RF
AF DEMARTINI, EE
BARNETT, AM
JOHNSON, TD
AMBROSE, RF
TI GROWTH AND PRODUCTION ESTIMATES FOR BIOMASS-DOMINANT FISHES ON A
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARTIFICIAL REEF
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID KELP FOREST
AB Somatic growth and somatic and gonadal production were estimated during May-November 1989 for six species, comprising most of the standing crop biomass of the fishes on a shallow (10- to 15-m deep), 14-year-old, quarry rock reef (Torrey Pines Artificial Reef #2, TPAR), off La Jolla, California. Growth was estimated from weight-converted length increments of 142 Floy-tagged individuals at liberty for a median of 187 days. Egg production was estimated for females of three taxa (four species) as the product of the weight of batch egg production and spawning frequency (the latter determined from histological evidence of day-old postovulatory follicles). Milt production was deduced from male to female ratios of gonad weights for reproductive fish. Somatic growth rates varied three- to fourfold among the six species and, in part, reflected the distribution of maturity stages of intraspecific populations. On average, the per capita growth rates of taxa dominated by immature stages were faster than those dominated by large adults. Somatic production varied more than somatic growth rates (by a factor of 15), because of additional variations in standing stock biomass among populations. The somatic production of at least one species was underestimated as a result of a tag effect on growth. Weight-specific egg production varied only twofold among the three taxa examined, perhaps because fishes with smaller batch egg productions compensated by spawning more frequently, and vice versa. Estimates of weight-specific milt production further diverged because of the influence of relative testis-to-ovary weights that ranged from a small fraction to unity. Additional variation among taxa in total gonadal (egg plus milt) production was about one-half that of somatic production (a factor of eight). Besides representing interspecific differences in adult biomass, variations in gonadal production reflected intraspecific differences in the biomass contributions of the two sexes within the fraction of adults that were reproductively active. Despite likely substantial underestimates of gametic materials, gonadal production ranged from a large fraction to a large multiple of somatic production among the four species. Our observations suggest that the elaboration of tissue unrelated to yield is nontrivial and represents a major component of energy flow through the fishes in this reef system and perhaps others.
C1 MEC ANALYT SYST INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92009.
PORT LONG BEACH PLANNING DEPT,LONG BEACH,CA 90802.
UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
RP DEMARTINI, EE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA.
OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487
NR 36
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 8
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 484
EP 500
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400020
ER
PT J
AU POTTS, TA
HULBERT, AW
AF POTTS, TA
HULBERT, AW
TI STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL HABITATS ON FISH
AGGREGATIONS IN ONSLOW BAY, NORTH-CAROLINA
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSTRATE VARIABLES; REEFS; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; ATTRACTION;
DEVICES
AB Structural complexity of artificial and natural habitats may be responsible for aggregating and maintaining fish populations. Visual assessments of fish assemblages were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, to quantify pelagic and demersal fishes associated with a natural rock outcrop and two experimental treatments of artificial habitats. The vertical relief component of both experimental habitats was held constant, resulting in an experimental design which allowed for a test of the effects of structural volume and complexity on fish abundance and pelagic prey/predator interactions. Experimental habitats were deployed 60 m perpendicular to a natural rock ledge in 25.5 m of seawater and floated 3 m off the bottom. Data supported the hypothesis that fish abundance is directly proportional to structural volume and complexity. Species richness and assemblage similarity indices indicated that experimental habitats deployed 3 m off the substrate and in close proximity to one another aggregated similar fish species regardless of structural volume and complexity. Analyses of pelagic fish abundance data suggested inverse relationships between predator and prey abundance. As shelter availability decreased, pelagic baitfish abundances decreased and predator abundances increased.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,WILMINGTON,NC 28403.
RP POTTS, TA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA WILMINGTON,FLORIDA KEYS RES PROGRAM,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,514 CARIBBEAN DR,KEY LARGO,FL 33037, USA.
RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012
NR 27
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 6
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 609
EP 622
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400029
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, TD
BARNETT, AM
DEMARTINI, EE
CRAFT, LL
AMBROSE, RF
PURCELL, LJ
AF JOHNSON, TD
BARNETT, AM
DEMARTINI, EE
CRAFT, LL
AMBROSE, RF
PURCELL, LJ
TI FISH PRODUCTION AND HABITAT UTILIZATION ON A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ARTIFICIAL REEF
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The feeding habits of fish, their production, and their fidelity to the reef habitat were estimated on and near Torrey Pines Artificial Reef (TPAR) during April-October 1989. Taxonomic and biomass analysis of gut contents and benthic resources suggested that at least 70% of the diet of reef fish was derived from the reef itself and another 20-25% from the ecotone. For most reef fishes, suitable prey was 100 times more abundant in the reef habitat than in adjacent sand habitats. Estimates of somatic production by tagged fish were based on standing stocks, size distribution, and growth rates, and by untagged species, on changes in mean length of a cohort or population biomass over time. Estimated total production of the fish on TPAR was 116 kg, or 649 kg.ha(-1), more than a third of it as gonadal production by the six target species. Production by the sand-bottom fish assemblage, estimated from literature-derived somatic and gonadal production rates and the biomass of trawled fish, was 73 kg hectare year(-1). Calculated reef production was, therefore, about nine times greater than the production of sand-bottom fish. From 30 to 70% of the four species of tagged fish (sheephead, rock wrasse, black perch, and garibaldi) that could be captured by divers were recaptured after 7 months, indicating a high degree of fidelity to the reef. Recapture of 12% of tagged kelp bass via hook-and-line after 7 months and the recapture of five tagged kelp bass of a total of 40 kelp bass caught 1 year later by a sport fishing boat indicate that kelp bass, too, remained associated with the reef for long periods.
C1 MEC ANALYT SYST INC,CARLSBAD,CA 92008.
NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96820.
UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106.
SAN DIEGO CTY WATER AUTHOR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103.
RP JOHNSON, TD (reprint author), PORT LONG BEACH,LONG BEACH,CA 90802, USA.
RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012;
OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487
NR 20
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 12
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 709
EP 723
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400038
ER
PT J
AU FOSTER, KL
STEIMLE, FW
MUIR, WC
KROPP, RK
CONLIN, BE
AF FOSTER, KL
STEIMLE, FW
MUIR, WC
KROPP, RK
CONLIN, BE
TI MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF HABITAT REPLACEMENT - CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL REEF
IN DELAWARE BAY - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; FOULING COMMUNITY; CAROLINA; ESTUARY
AB Artificial reefs are being proposed as mitigation for habitat loss in estuaries and coastal areas. However there is insufficient information to verify that artificial reefs enhance biological resources. To study their value for mitigating habitat loss, 16 prefabricated concrete terraced artificial reef modules were deployed in lower Delaware Bay in 1989. A 5-year monitoring study was begun to assess the artificial reef's value as a long-term habitat and forage area for fishery resources as compared to non-reef habitats in the Bay. After 2 years, the reef modules appear to be physically stable and support biological resources. Fishes, including juveniles, typical of reefs in the region, were observed in and near the reef The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, dominated the epibenthic community that developed on the modules and was primarily responsible for a mean epibenthic biomass density of 24.865 kg.nm-2 (wet wt.) on module surfaces through June 1991. However, this mussel-dominated density was reduced, by approximately 95%, in August 1991 to a mean 0.596 kg.m(-2), with other taxa such as, sponges, corals, and anemones increasing in community importance. In comparison to the epibenthic biomass on the modules, the mean benthic infauna biomass in the silty sand sediments of the reef site ranged from 0.046 to 0.316 kg.m(-2) in 1991. These preliminary results suggest that this artificial reef complex enhanced gross benthic biomass at the reef site by about 147 to 895 fold over the benthic infauna in the study area, based on a standard area of Bay bottom, the reef module ''footprint.''
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732.
US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106.
US CORPS ENGINEERS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106.
RP FOSTER, KL (reprint author), BATTELLE OCEAN SCI,397 WASHINGTON ST,DUXBURY,MA 02332, USA.
NR 34
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 5
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 783
EP 795
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400042
ER
PT J
AU BOHNSACK, JA
HARPER, DE
MCCLELLAN, DB
HULSBECK, M
AF BOHNSACK, JA
HARPER, DE
MCCLELLAN, DB
HULSBECK, M
TI EFFECTS OF REEF SIZE ON COLONIZATION AND ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE OF FISHES
AT ARTIFICIAL REEFS OFF SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA, USA
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; LIMITATION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; SHELTER;
PISCES; KEYS
AB Fifty standard concrete modules were deployed on a sand bottom to make 16 replicated artificial reefs of 1 to 8 modules.reef(-1). Fish assemblages were monitored for species composition, abundance, and fish size, and compared to two natural control sites. We censused 127 species (107,168 fishes) from artificial reefs, 93 species (16,495 fishes) on natural control reefs, and 17 species (1,040 fishes) on sand bottom from July 1987 to March 1989. Artificial reefs supported a diverse, abundant, and dynamic assemblage of fishes that were a mixture of species found in surrounding sand and natural reef habitats. Colonization (number of species, individuals, and biomass) was very rapid. Abundance varied seasonally with recruitment episodes tending to occur in the spring and summer followed by losses for the remainder of the year. Assemblages were quite variable on and between similar sized reefs. Fish and biomass densities were higher at artificial reefs than on sand and natural reefs. Resident fish biomass varied less than resident fish numbers, because individual growth compensated for mortality after recruitment episodes. Reef size significantly influenced total numbers of species, individuals, and biomass. Smaller reefs had greater fish density while larger reefs had higher biomass density from larger but fewer, individuals. Multiple small reefs supported more individuals and more species than one large reef of equal material. Fishes recruited by larval settlement accounted far 36% of the total resident abundance but only 2% of total biomass. As reef size increased, older juvenile or adult colonists comprised a greater percentage of total biomass (94% to 99%). Assemblage importance percentages (based on abundance, biomass, and frequency) were divided between residents (64%), visitors (20%), and transients (16%). Economically important species comprised 61% of the biomass and 55% of the individuals, among which settlers accounted for 94.3% of individuals but only 5.7% of their total biomass. The most highly valued species were visitors or residents that utilized the reefs after first settling elsewhere. These results showed that data on artificial reef assemblages based solely on the abundance of resident species are biased. Data on visitors, transients, frequency-of-occurrence, and biomass are important in evaluating bias. Results provided a partial test and support for a model predicting the importance of attraction over production for artificial reefs located in areas with high reef availability.
RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA CORPS, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI LAB, 75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA.
RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012
NR 50
TC 92
Z9 96
U1 3
U2 43
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
EI 1553-6955
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 796
EP 823
PG 28
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400043
ER
PT J
AU PLATT, CM
YOUNG, SA
CARSWELL, AI
PAL, SR
MCCORMICK, MP
WINKER, DM
DELGUASTA, M
STEFANUTTI, L
EBERHARD, WL
HARDESTY, M
FLAMANT, PH
VALENTIN, R
FORGAN, B
GIMMESTAD, GG
JAGER, H
KHMELEVTSOV, SS
KOLEV, I
KAPRIEOLEV, B
LU, DR
SASSEN, K
SHAMANAEV, VS
UCHINO, O
MIZUNO, Y
WANDINGER, U
WEITKAMP, C
ANSMANN, A
WOOLDRIDGE, C
AF PLATT, CM
YOUNG, SA
CARSWELL, AI
PAL, SR
MCCORMICK, MP
WINKER, DM
DELGUASTA, M
STEFANUTTI, L
EBERHARD, WL
HARDESTY, M
FLAMANT, PH
VALENTIN, R
FORGAN, B
GIMMESTAD, GG
JAGER, H
KHMELEVTSOV, SS
KOLEV, I
KAPRIEOLEV, B
LU, DR
SASSEN, K
SHAMANAEV, VS
UCHINO, O
MIZUNO, Y
WANDINGER, U
WEITKAMP, C
ANSMANN, A
WOOLDRIDGE, C
TI THE EXPERIMENTAL CLOUD LIDAR PILOT-STUDY (ECLIPS) FOR CLOUD-RADIATION
RESEARCH
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE FEEDBACK; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WATER CLOUDS;
EXTINCTION; RETURNS; DATASET; CO2
AB The Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS) was initiated to obtain statistics on cloud-base height, extinction, optical depth, cloud brokenness, and surface fluxes. Two observational phases have taken place, in October-December 1989 and April-July 1991, with intensive 30-day periods being selected within the two time intervals. Data are being archived at NASA Langley Research Center and, once there, are readily available to the international scientific community.
C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,N YORK,ON,CANADA.
YORK UNIV,CRESS,N YORK,ON,CANADA.
CNR,INST RIC ONDE ELETTROMAGNET,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY.
NOAA,ENVIRONM TOXICOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
ECOLE POLYTECH,CNRS,METEOROL DYNAM LAB,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE.
BUR METEOROL,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA.
GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GTRI,EMLEOD,ATLANTA,GA 30332.
FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,GARMISCH PARTENKIRCH,GERMANY.
INST EXPTL METEOROL,PHYS & CLIMATE LAB,OBNINSK,RUSSIA.
BULGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST ELECTR,BU-1113 SOFIA,BULGARIA.
INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
UNIV UTAH,DEPT METEOROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112.
INST ATMOSPHER OPT,TOMSK,RUSSIA.
JAPAN METEOROL AGCY,METEOROL RES INST,YATABE,IBARAKI,JAPAN.
GKSS FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM GEESTHACHT GMBH,GEESTHACHT,GERMANY.
INST TROPOSPHARENFORSCH,LEIPZIG,GERMANY.
MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH EARTH SCI,SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA.
RP PLATT, CM (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,PB 1,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA.
RI Young, Stuart/A-8641-2011; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Wandinger,
Ulla/E-3348-2014; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Eberhard,
Wynn/B-5402-2015
OI Young, Stuart/0000-0001-6434-9816;
NR 43
TC 48
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 9
BP 1635
EP 1654
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1635:TECLPS>2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ538
UT WOS:A1994PJ53800004
ER
PT J
AU BYRD, G
DESOUZA, R
FINGERHUT, W
MURPHY, C
AF BYRD, G
DESOUZA, R
FINGERHUT, W
MURPHY, C
TI INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO THE METEOROLOGY CLASSROOM - A SUMMARY OF THE
1993 NORTHEAST REGIONAL UNIDATA WORKSHOP
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB This article summarizes the first Northeast Regional Unidata Users' Workshop, held 17-19 August 1993 at the State University of New York College at Brockport. The goal of the workshop was to provide a forum where users could exchange ideas and update their understanding of Unidata systems and potential applications to scientific instruction and research. Several presentations documented the successful integration of interactive computer technology into classroom and laboratory environments. Laboratory sessions stressed applications of the latest versions of the Unidata McIDAS, GEMPAK, and WXP analysis and display packages. The positive response of participants indicates that a regional workshop is a useful complement to national Unidata users' meetings.
C1 SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT EARTH SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420.
MILLERSVILLE UNIV PENNSYLVANIA,DEPT EARTH SCI,MILLERSVILLE,PA.
LYNDON STATE COLL,DEPT METEOROL,LYNDONVILLE,VT.
KEAN COLL NEW JERSEY,DEPT GEOL & METEOROL,UNION,NJ 07083.
RP BYRD, G (reprint author), UCAR,COMET,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA.
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 9
BP 1677
EP 1683
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ538
UT WOS:A1994PJ53800008
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, DS
AF JOHNSON, DS
TI EVOLUTION OF THE UNITED-STATES METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE PROGRAM - SOME
REMINISCENCES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP JOHNSON, DS (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL,NATL WEATHER SERV,MODERNIZAT COMM,WASHINGTON,DC 20418, USA.
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 75
IS 9
BP 1705
EP 1708
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PJ538
UT WOS:A1994PJ53800013
ER
PT J
AU EANES, ED
HAILER, AW
AF EANES, ED
HAILER, AW
TI EFFECT OF ULTRAFILTERABLE FRAGMENTS FROM CHONDROITINASE AND
PROTEASE-TREATED AGGRECAN ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION IN
LIPOSOMAL SUSPENSIONS
SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; LIPOSOMES; MINERALIZATION;
PROTEOGLYCANS
ID HYDROXYAPATITE PROLIFERATION; PROTEOGLYCAN INHIBITION; MATRIX VESICLES;
CARTILAGE; GROWTH
AB A liposome-centered endogenous precipitation method was used to investigate the effect of ultrafilterable fragments from the enzymatic digestion of rat chondrosarcoma aggrecan on the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate salts in buffered solutions at pH 7.4 and 22 degrees C. Unlike the intact aggrecan and its major chondroitin sulfate and core protein components, disaccharide units from chondroitinase degradation of the aggrecan and small (< 3 kg/mol molecular weight) fragments from protease digestion of the core structure were found to be only weakly inhibitory toward mineral formation. Corresponding reductions in Ca2+-binding indicate that these fragments were unable to adsorb to active sites on the apatite surface for long enough periods to significantly hinder crystal growth. The data suggest that controlled enzymatic breakdown of aggrecan may be one possible mechanism by which the calcification of growth plate cartilage is allowed to advance in vivo.
RP EANES, ED (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,NIDR,BONE RES BRANCH,RES ASSOCIATES PROGRAM,BLDG 224,ROOM A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0171-967X
J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT
JI Calcif. Tissue Int.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 3
BP 176
EP 179
DI 10.1007/BF00425872
PG 4
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PC725
UT WOS:A1994PC72500005
PM 7987730
ER
PT J
AU BOOK, N
SITTON, O
MOTARD, R
BLAHA, M
MAIAGOLDSTEIN, B
HEDRICK, J
FIELDING, J
AF BOOK, N
SITTON, O
MOTARD, R
BLAHA, M
MAIAGOLDSTEIN, B
HEDRICK, J
FIELDING, J
TI THE ROAD TO A COMMON BYTE
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63130.
NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
AUTOMAT & CONTROL TECHNOL INC,ST LOUIS,MO 63146.
RP BOOK, N (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,CONSORTIUM ADV PROC & CONTROL ENGN,ROLLA,MO 65401, USA.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MCGRAW HILL INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020
SN 0009-2460
J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK
JI Chem. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 101
IS 9
BP 98
EP &
PG 0
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA PG793
UT WOS:A1994PG79300016
ER
PT J
AU NAKABE, K
MCGRATTAN, KB
KASHIWAGI, T
BAUM, HR
YAMASHITA, H
KUSHIDA, G
AF NAKABE, K
MCGRATTAN, KB
KASHIWAGI, T
BAUM, HR
YAMASHITA, H
KUSHIDA, G
TI IGNITION AND TRANSITION TO FLAME SPREAD OVER A THERMALLY THIN CELLULOSIC
SHEET IN A MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION; RADIATION; MODEL; FUEL
AB An axisymmetric, time-dependent model is developed describing auto-ignition and subsequent transition to flame spread over a thermally-thin cellulosic sheet heated by external radiation in a quiescent microgravity environment. Due to the unique combination of a microgravity environment and low Reynolds number associated with the slow, thermally induced flow, the resulting velocity is taken as a potential flow. A one-step global gas phase oxidation reaction and three global degradation reactions for the condensed phase are used in the model. A maximum external radiant flux of 5 W/cm2 (Gaussian distribution) with 21%, 30%, and 50% oxygen concentrations is used in the calculations. The results indicate that autoignition is observed for 30% oxygen concentrations but the transition to the flame spread does not occur. For 50% oxygen the transition is achieved. A detailed discussion of the transition from ignition to flame spread is given as an aid to understanding this process. Also, a comparison is made between the axisymmetric configuration and a two-dimensional (line source) configuration.
RP NAKABE, K (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 18
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 98
IS 4
BP 361
EP 374
DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90175-9
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PC927
UT WOS:A1994PC92700004
ER
PT J
AU SLATER, CH
SCHRECK, CB
SWANSON, P
AF SLATER, CH
SCHRECK, CB
SWANSON, P
TI PLASMA PROFILES OF THE SEX STEROIDS AND GONADOTROPINS IN MATURING FEMALE
SPRING CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA)
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE
PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SEX STEROIDS; GONADOTROPINS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS
TSHAWYTSCHA
ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; CHUM SALMON;
17-ALPHA,20-BETA-DIHYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE LEVELS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES;
SPAWNING MIGRATION; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; SERUM LEVELS; BROWN TROUT;
VITELLOGENIN
AB Plasma testosterone concentrations were low through the spring acid early summer, concentrations began rising in late July and reached maximum levels by ovulation in September. Plasma concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone were low throughout sexual maturation until ovulation when a significant increase occurred. Plasma androstendione and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were high throughout sexual maturation, and decreased significantly at ovulation. Plasma 17 alpha,20 beta -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one concentrations were low throughout maturation, and increased significantly at ovulation. Plasma gonadotropin I concentrations paralleled those of estradiol and exceeded gonadotropin II levels prior to ovulation. Plasma concentrations of gonadotropin II were low throughout the spring and summer, increasing dramatically at ovulation.
C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA.
UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH FISHERIES, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA.
NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA.
RP SLATER, CH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT, 104 NASH HALL, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA.
NR 34
TC 88
Z9 90
U1 4
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1095-6433
EI 1531-4332
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 109
IS 1
BP 167
EP 175
DI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90323-9
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
GA NZ742
UT WOS:A1994NZ74200017
ER
PT J
AU WAPLES, RS
AF WAPLES, RS
TI GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN RECOVERY EFFORTS FOR PACIFIC SALMON
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
RP WAPLES, RS (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98122, USA.
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
NR 0
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 3
BP 884
EP 886
DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030863-12.x
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PF730
UT WOS:A1994PF73000045
ER
PT J
AU JINNO, M
SCHLAGER, JB
FRANZEN, DL
AF JINNO, M
SCHLAGER, JB
FRANZEN, DL
TI OPTICAL-SAMPLING USING NONDEGENERATE 4-WAVE-MIXING IN A
SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER AMPLIFIER
SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL TECHNIQUES; MULTIWAVE MIXING; SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL
AMPLIFIERS
ID FIBER
AB Picosecond optical sampling using nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) is demonstrated for the first time. High-peak-power pulses and electrical gating of the SLA produce an optical sampling signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
RP JINNO, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MS 81402,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 6
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG
PI HERTFORD
PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY
SN 0013-5194
J9 ELECTRON LETT
JI Electron. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 18
BP 1489
EP 1491
DI 10.1049/el:19941043
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA PG482
UT WOS:A1994PG48200022
ER
PT J
AU WIRGIN, II
GRUNWALD, C
COURTENAY, S
KREAMER, GL
REICHERT, WL
STEIN, JE
AF WIRGIN, II
GRUNWALD, C
COURTENAY, S
KREAMER, GL
REICHERT, WL
STEIN, JE
TI A BIOMARKER APPROACH TO ASSESSING XENOBIOTIC EXPOSURE IN ATLANTIC TOMCOD
FROM THE NORTH-AMERICAN ATLANTIC COAST
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; HUDSON RIVER TOMCOD; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS;
PUGET-SOUND; DNA FRAGMENTS; NEW-YORK; FISH; METABOLITES; WASHINGTON;
LIVER
AB We determined levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, hepatic DNA adducts, and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, a measure of exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in Atlantic tomcod from six river systems ranging from highly polluted to relatively pristine on the northeast North American coast (the Hudson River, New York; the St. lawrence River, Quebec; the Miramichi River, New Brunswick; the Saco and Royal rivers, Maine; and the Margaree River, Nova Scotia). Hudson River tomcod showed the greatest response for all parameters, and tomcod from the Margaree River exhibited the least response. Tomcod from the Miramichi River exhibited marked induction of CYP1A mRNA but low levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs, whereas fish from the St. Lawrence River showed no induction of CYP1A mrna and moderately elevated levels of DNA adducts and biliary FACs. In tomcod from the Hudson and Miramichi rivers, the levels of CYP1A mRNA were 28 times and 14 times, respectively, as great as the levels in fish from the St. Lawrence, Saco/Royal, and Margaree rivers. Mean levels of DNA adducts varied from 120 nmol adducts/mol bases in hudson river tomcod to < 3 nmol adducts/mol bases in fish from the Miramichi and Margaree rivers. Concentrations of FACs in the bile of tomcod from the Hudson and St. Lawrence rivers were 8 and 1.8 times, respectively, as great as the concentrations in tomcod from the Miramichi River and Margaree River. In tomcod from the Hudson River, all three biomarkers were markedly elevated; in the St Lawrence River two biomarkers were elevated, but no biomarker was substantially elevated in fish from the Saco/Royal and Margaree rivers. Elevated levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs in tomcod from the Hudson River suggest increased exposure to PAHs, consistent with previous studies.
C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,MONCTON E1C 9B6,NB,CANADA.
NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
RP WIRGIN, II (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,INST ENVIRONM MED,TUXEDO PK,NY 10987, USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05541, ES00260, ES05003]
NR 53
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 102
IS 9
BP 764
EP 770
DI 10.2307/3432137
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA PG569
UT WOS:A1994PG56900013
PM 9657708
ER
PT J
AU HILDEMANN, LM
KLINEDINST, DB
KLOUDA, GA
CURRIE, LA
CASS, GR
AF HILDEMANN, LM
KLINEDINST, DB
KLOUDA, GA
CURRIE, LA
CASS, GR
TI SOURCES OF URBAN CONTEMPORARY CARBON AEROSOL
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEAT-COOKING OPERATIONS; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS;
MICROGRAM SAMPLES; DIESEL TRUCKS; EMISSIONS; AUTOMOBILES; TRANSPORT
AB Emissions from the major sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Los Angeles basin atmosphere have been analyzed to determine the amounts of the C-12 and C-14 isotopes present. From these measurements, an inventory of the fossil carbon and contemporary carbon particle emissions to the Los Angeles atmosphere has been created. In the winter, more than half of the fine primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions are from sources containing contemporary carbon, including fireplaces, charbroilers, paved road dust, cigarette smoke, and brake lining dust, while in the summer at least one-third of the carbonaceous particle emissions are contemporary. Using a mathematical model for atmospheric transport, predictions are made of the atmospheric fine particulate fossil carbon and contemporary carbon concentrations expected due to primary source emissions. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the measured radiocarbon content of the fine ambient aerosol samples. It is concluded that the high fraction of contemporary carbon measured historically in Los Angeles is not due to local emission sources of biogenic material; rather, it is due to a combination of local anthropogenic pollution sources and background marine aerosol advected into the city.
C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA.
RP STANFORD UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA.
NR 45
TC 111
Z9 115
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1565
EP 1576
DI 10.1021/es00058a006
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PE258
UT WOS:A1994PE25800011
PM 22176356
ER
PT J
AU PARRISH, DD
HOLLOWAY, JS
FEHSENFELD, FC
AF PARRISH, DD
HOLLOWAY, JS
FEHSENFELD, FC
TI ROUTINE, CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON-MONOXIDE WITH
PARTS-PER-BILLION PRECISION
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE
AB A system including a commerical instrument (Thermo Electron Corp., Model 48) operating on the principle of gas filter correlation, nondispersive infrared absorption is utilized to approach 1 ppbv precision with a 1-h averaging period in the measurement of slowly varying ambient CO levels in rural and remote regions. The instrument modifications, setup, and signal averaging processes include gold-plated mirrors, selected detector, 1-s signal resonse time (all available as options from the manufacturer), installation of a lens to more fully focus the infrared beam on the detector, standard addition calibration, catalytic zeroing, rapid switching between equal time periods in the measurement and zero modes, and longterm averaging.
RP PARRISH, DD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Fehsenfeld,
Frederick/I-4876-2013
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
NR 9
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1615
EP 1618
DI 10.1021/es00058a013
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PE258
UT WOS:A1994PE25800018
PM 22176363
ER
PT J
AU HARKEY, GA
LYDY, MJ
KUKKONEN, J
LANDRUM, PF
AF HARKEY, GA
LYDY, MJ
KUKKONEN, J
LANDRUM, PF
TI FEEDING SELECTIVITY AND ASSIMILATION OF PAH AND PCB IN DIPOREIA SPP
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT; DIPOREIA SPP;
ORGANIC CARBON
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; GUT
CONTENTS; SEDIMENT; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOXICOKINETICS; EFFICIENCY
AB A series of experiments were conducted to estimate assimilation efficiencies of two hydrophobic organic contaminants and the influence of particle sizes on the selective sediment ingester, Diporeia spp. Florissant soil was divided into particle-size fractions consisting of 0 to 63 mum, 0 to 20 mum, and 20 to 63 mum and dosed with radiolabeled 2,2,4,4,5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) and/or benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to which animals were exposed for individual assays. At the end of timed exposure intervals, individual Diporeia and any fecal pellets they produced were removed from the sediment and analyzed for contaminant content. Assimilation efficiency was estimated via a selectivity index based on organic carbon. Assimilation efficiency of BaP (5.6-32.7%) was comparable to previous studies. However, HCBP did not correlate with organic carbon over a range of particle sizes. Accumulation of both contaminants was greatest when animals were exposed to the 20- to 63-mum size fraction, suggesting that Diporeia selectively fed within this particle-size range. Accumulation of HCBP was consistently greater than BaP in all dual-labeled assays, suggesting a greater bioavailability of the PCB to Diporeia. Sediment analysis indicated that BaP and HCBP were associated with different particle-size fractions possessing different amounts of organic carbon, with BaP having the greater tendency to associate with TOC.
C1 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2200 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670.
US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278.
UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND.
NR 34
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 6
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 9
BP 1445
EP 1455
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1445:FSAAOP]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PE170
UT WOS:A1994PE17000008
ER
PT J
AU KUKKONEN, J
LANDRUM, PF
AF KUKKONEN, J
LANDRUM, PF
TI TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PYRENE TO
LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS (OLIGOCHAETA)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE TOXICOKINETICS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; SEDIMENTS; PARTICLE SIZE; PYRENE
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI;
LAKE-MICHIGAN; STYLODRILUS-HERINGIANUS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RELATIVE TOLERANCES; BIOTRANSFORMATION;
BIOAVAILABILITY; WATER
AB The oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatushas been proposed for whole-sediment bioassays to assess sediment contamination. Our work examines Lumbriculus variegatus exposure to pyrene-dosed Lake Michigan sediment at 0.4 ng g-1 and 64, 132, 206, and 269 mug g-1. Both bioaccumulation and survival were followed to enhance Lumbriculus variegatus development as a bioassay organism. Lumbriculus variegatus accumulated sediment-associated pyrene rapidly and achieved apparent steady state within 48 to 168 h. The pyrene uptake clearances (k(s), g sed g-1 animal h-1) ranged from 0.039 to 0. 132 and decreased with increasing pyrene concentration. At high pyrene concentrations, the worms avoided the sediment, which reduced accumulation and likely minimized the mortality response. In addition, the effect of organism loading on bioaccumulation was determined at different animal densities, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 g dry weight Lumbriculus variegatus: g sediment organic carbon, and a sediment pyrene concentration of 0.4 ng g-1. Surprisingly, the bioaccumulation declined as organism density decreased. Pyrene elimination was rapid in clean sediment (k(e) = 0.026 +/- 0.002 h-1) but was much slower in water (k(e) = 0.0043 +/- 0.0007 h-1). Bioavailability apparently declined for exposures in sediment stored 1.5 months, based on the estimate of k(e) from nonlinear regression compared to direct measures of elimination. The apparent decline was attributed to both a decline in lipid content during the experiment and changes in pyrene bioavailability. Finally, for bioaccumulation studies, gut purging at a set time (e.g., 24 h) may result in an underestimate of contaminant concentration in organisms. An elimination study with extrapolation to the initial body burden can ensure that biases due to incomplete elimination of gut contents and body burden losses during the purging process are minimized.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND.
NR 49
TC 99
Z9 103
U1 3
U2 24
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 9
BP 1457
EP 1468
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1457:TATOSP]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PE170
UT WOS:A1994PE17000009
ER
PT J
AU NAKAMURA, H
AF NAKAMURA, H
TI ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY ASSOCIATED WITH A STRONG
BLOCKING FLOW CONFIGURATION OVER EUROPE
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; ROSSBY-WAVE; MEAN-FLOW; EDDIES; PROPAGATION;
EPISODE; MODEL
AB Time evolution of a prominent tropospheric blocking flow configuration over Europe is examined based upon composites for the 15 strongest events observed during the last 27 winter seasons, from which the fluctuations associated with synoptic-scale eddies have been filtered out. The blocking, initiated in the exit region of the Atlantic jet stream, forms into a domain of the very weak westerlies. The tropopause-level potential vorticity (PV) exhibits a distinct, clockwise evolution within this domain, so that the negative correlation between PV and the meridional wind velocity associated with the amplifying blocking becomes positive as it decays, which signifies the convergence of the wave activity density flux and its subsequent divergence. Indeed, a quasi-stationary wavetrain across the Atlantic is evident during the blocking amplification, and then another wavetrain becomes apparent to the east of the decaying ridge. It appears that the wave activity propagating across the Atlantic is obstructed and accumulated in the weak-westerly domain associated with the developing blocking ridge until it is saturated, followed by the release of the activity to the east. The result suggests that the low-frequency dynamics of the atmospheric flow plays an important role in the formation of a certain type of blocking.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 20
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 18
BP 2003
EP 2006
DI 10.1029/94GL01614
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PE824
UT WOS:A1994PE82400020
ER
PT J
AU KONDRAGUNTA, CR
GRUBER, A
AF KONDRAGUNTA, CR
GRUBER, A
TI DIURNAL-VARIATION OF THE ISCCP CLOUDINESS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC; CONVECTION; PACIFIC; AFRICA; SUMMER; CYCLE
AB Seven January (1984 to 1990) months of three hourly monthly mean total cloud amount data were subjected to Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to study large scale features of the diurnal variation. The first two EOF modes explain two different types of diurnal variation. While the first EOF mode shows the diurnal variation contrast between land and ocean, the second EOF pattern shows diurnal variation over deep convective cloudy regions. In the second mode, maximum cloudiness occurs at around 2000 LST both over continental and oceanic regions, where deep convective cloudiness occurs. The first two EOF modes explain 78.4% of the total normalized variance. The time coefficients of these two EOF modes indicate that the diurnal variation of cloudiness undergoes non sinusoidal variation.
C1 NOAA,NESDIS,OFF RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP KONDRAGUNTA, CR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 15
TC 14
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 18
BP 2015
EP 2018
DI 10.1029/94GL01459
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PE824
UT WOS:A1994PE82400023
ER
PT J
AU PIZZO, VJ
GOSLING, JT
AF PIZZO, VJ
GOSLING, JT
TI 3-D SIMULATION OF HIGH-LATITUDE INTERACTION REGIONS - COMPARISON WITH
ULYSSES RESULTS
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-WIND STREAM; SECTOR STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION
AB A three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model is used to stimulate the global evolution of a steady, tilted-dipole solar wind flow configuration similar to that prevalent in interplanetary space in 1993. Systematic latitudinal changes in the structure of a corotating interaction region (CIR) near 5 AU is shown to agree well with recent Ulysses observations. The abrupt disappearance of forward shocks and continued persistence of reverse shocks poleward of the latitude where Ulysses crossed the southern edge of the coronal streamer belt is explained as a natural consequence of the 3-D flow geometry.
C1 NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545.
RP PIZZO, VJ (reprint author), SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN,CA, USA.
NR 12
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 18
BP 2063
EP 2066
DI 10.1029/94GL01581
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PE824
UT WOS:A1994PE82400035
ER
EF